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<-- Begin file 4 of 10: F and G and H (Version 0.4) of
An electronic field-marked version of:
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<-- p. 535 -->
F.
F (. 1. F is the sixth
letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal consonant. Its
form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed the form
from the Greek digamma /, which probably had the value of
English w consonant. The form and value of Greek
letter came from the Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate source being
probably Egyptian. Etymologically fis most closely
related to p,k,v, and
b; as in E. five, Gr. /; E.
wolf, L. lupus, Gr. /; E. fox,
vixen ; fragile, break ;
fruit, brook, v. t.; E.
bear, L. ferre. See Guide to
Pronunciation,
2. (Mus.) The name of the fourth tone of
the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F
F clef, the bass clef. See under
Clef.
Fa (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) (a) A syllable applied to the
fourth tone of the diatonic scale in solmization.
(b) The tone F.
Fa*ba"ceous (?), a. [L.
fabaceus, fr. faba bean.] Having
the nature of a bean; like a bean.
\'d8Fa*bel"la (?), n.; pl.
Fabellae (-l/). [NL., dim. of L.
faba a bean.] (Anat.) One of the
small sesamoid bones situated behind the condyles of the femur,
in some mammals.
Fa"bi*an (?), a. [L.
Fabianus, Fabius, belonging to
Fabius.] Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the
Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious;
dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.
Fabian policy, a policy like that of Fabius
Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled
Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and
ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.
Fa"ble (?), n. [F., fr. L.
fabula, fr. fari to speak, say. See
Ban, and cf. Fabulous, Fame.]
1. A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or
amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful
truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under
Apologue.
Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest
extant.
Addison.
2. The plot, story, or connected series of events,
forming the subject of an epic or dramatic poem.
The moral is the first business of the poet; this being
formed, he contrives such a design or fable as may be
most suitable to the moral.
Dryden.
3. Any story told to excite wonder; common talk;
the theme of talk. \'bdOld wives' fables. \'b8
1 Tim. iv. 7.
We grew
The fable of the city where we dwelt.
Tennyson.
4. Fiction; untruth; falsehood.
It would look like a fable to report that this
gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret methods.
Addison.
Fa"ble, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fabling (?).] To compose
fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter what
is not true. \'bdHe Fables not.\'b8
Shak.
Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell.
Prior.
He fables, yet speaks truth.
M. Arnold.
Fa"ble, v. t. To fiegn; to invent; to
devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely.
The hell thou fablest.
Milton.
Fa"bler (?), n. A writer of
fables; a fabulist; a dealer in untruths or falsehoods.
Br. Hall.
\'d8Fa`bli`au" (?), n.; pl.
Fabliaux /. [F., fr.
OF.fablel, dim. of fable a fable.]
(Fr. Lit.) One of the metrical tales of the
Trouv\'8ares, or early poets of the north of France.
Fab"ric (?), n. [L.
fabrica fabric, workshop: cf. F. fabrique
fabric. See Forge.] 1. The structure
of anything; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united;
workmanship; texture; make; as cloth of a beautiful
fabric.
2. That which is fabricated; as :
(a) Framework; structure; edifice;
building.
Anon out of the earth a fabric huge
Rose like an exhalation.
Milton.
(b) Cloth of any kind that is woven or knit from
fibers, either vegetable or animal; manufactured cloth; as, silks
or other fabrics.
3. The act of constructing; construction.
[R.]
Tithe was received by the bishop, . . . for the
fabricof the churches for the poor.
Milman.
4. Any system or structure consisting of connected
parts; as, the fabric of the universe.
The whole vast fabric of society.
Macaulay.
Fab"ric, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fabricked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fabricking.] To frame; to
built; to construct. [Obs.]
\'bdFabric their mansions.\'b8
J. Philips.
Fab"ri*cant (?), n. [F.]
One who fabricates; a manufacturer.
Simmonds.
Fab"ri*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fabricated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fabricating
(?).] [L. fabricatus, p.p.
of fabricari, fabricare, to frame, build,
forge, fr. fabrica. See Fabric,
Farge.] 1. To form into a whole by
uniting its parts; to frame; to construct; to build; as, to
fabricate a bridge or ship.
2. To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to
produce; as, to fabricate woolens.
3. To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely;
as, to fabricate a lie or story.
Our books were not fabricated with an accomodation
to prevailing usages.
Paley.
Fab`ri*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
fabricatio; cf. F. fabrication.]
1. The act of fabricating, framing, or
constructing; construction; manufacture; as, the
fabrication of a bridge, a church, or a
government.
Burke.
2. That which is fabricated; a falsehood; as,
the story is doubtless a fabrication.
Syn. -- See Fiction.
Fab"ri*ca`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who fabricates; one who constructs or
makes.
The fabricator of the works of Ossian.
Mason.
Fab"ri*ca`tress (?), n. A woman
who fabricates.
Fab"rile (?), a. [L.
fabrilis, fr. faber workman. See
Forge.] Pertaining to a workman, or to work
in stone, metal, wood etc.; as, fabrile
skill.
Fab"u*list (?), n. [Cf. F.
fabuliste, fr. L. fabula. See
Fable.] One who invents or writes
fables.
Fab"u*lize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fabulized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fabulizing
(?).] [Cf. F. fabuliser. See
Fable.] To invent, compose, or relate fables
or fictions.
G. S. Faber.
Fab`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L.
fabulositas: cf. F. fabulosit\'82.]
1. Fabulousness. [R.]
Abp. Abbot.
2. A fabulous or fictitious story.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fab"u*lous (?), a. [L.
fabulosus; cf. F. fabuleux. See
Fable.] 1. Feigned, as a story or
fable; related in fable; devised; invented; not real; fictitious;
as, a fabulous description; a fabulous
hero.
The fabulous birth of Minerva.
Chesterfield.
2. Passing belief; exceedingly great; as, a
fabulous price.
Macaulay.
Fabulous age, that period in the history of a
nation of which the only accounts are myths and unverified
legends; as, the fabulous age of Greek and
Rome.
-- Fab"u*lous*ly (#),
adv. -- Fab"u*lous*ness,
n.
Fab"ur*den (?), n. [F.
foux bpirdon. See False, and Burden
a verse.] 1. (Mus.) (a) A
species of counterpoint with a drone bass. (b)
A succession of chords of the sixth.
[Obs.]
2. A monotonous refrain. [Obs.]
Holland.
Fac (?), n. [Abbrev. of
facsimile.] A large ornamental letter used,
esp. by the early printers, at the commencement of the chapters
and other divisions of a book.
Brande & C.
\'d8Fa`\'87ade" (?), n. [F.,
fr. It. facciata, fr. fassia face, L.
facies. See Face.] (Arch.)
The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having
some architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its
facade unfinished, though the interior may be in
use.
Face (?), n. [F., from L.
facies form, shape, face, perh. from facere
to make (see Fact); or perh. orig. meaning
appearance, and from a root meaning to
shine, and akin to E. fancy. Cf.
Facetious.] 1. The exterior form or
appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the
view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which
particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator.
A mist . . . watered the whole face of the
ground.
Gen. ii. 6.
Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal face.
Byron.
2. That part of a body, having several sides, which
may be seen from one point, or which is presented toward a
certain direction; one of the bounding planes of a solid; as,
a cube has six faces.
3. (Mach.) (a) The principal
dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the principal flat
surface of a part or object. (b) That part of
the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond
the pitch line. (c) The width of a pulley, or
the length of a cog from end to end; as, a pulley or cog
wheel of ten inches face.
4. (Print.) (a) The upper
surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type, plate,
etc. (b) The style or cut of a type or font
of type.
5. Outside appearance; surface show; look; external
aspect, whether natural, assumed, or acquired.
To set a face upon their own malignant design.
Milton.
This would produce a new face of things in
Europe.
Addison.
We wear a face of joy, because
We have been glad of yore.
Wordsworth.
6. That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the
eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated; visage;
countenance.
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread.
Gen. iii. 19.
7. Cast of features; expression of countenance;
look; air; appearance.
We set the best faceon it we could.
Dryden.
8. (Astrol.) Ten degrees in extent of a
sign of the zodiac.
Chaucer.
9. Maintenance of the countenance free from
abashment or confusion; confidence; boldness; shamelessness;
effrontery.
This is the man that has the face to charge others
with false citations.
Tillotson.
10. Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases,
before the face of, in the immediate presence of;
in the face of, before, in, or against the front of;
as, to fly in the face of danger; to the face
of, directly to; from the face of, from the
presenceof.
11. Mode of regard, whether favorable or
unfavorable; favor or anger; mostly in Scriptural phrases.
The Lord make his face to shine upon thee.
Num. vi. 25.
My face [favor] will I turn also from them.
Ezek. vii. 22.
12. (Mining) The end or wall of the
tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which work is progressing or was
last done.
13. (Com.) The exact amount expressed on
a bill, note, bond, or other mercantile paper, without any
addition for interest or reduction for discount.<-- = face
value -->
McElrath.
Face is used either adjectively or as
part of a compound; as, face guard or
face-guard; face cloth; face
plan or face-plan; face hammer.
Face ague (Med.), a form of
neuralgia, characterized by acute lancinating pains returning at
intervals, and by twinges in certain parts of the face, producing
convulsive twitches in the corresponding muscles; -- called also
tic douloureux. -- Face card,
one of a pack of playing cards on which a human face is
represented; the king, queen, or jack. -- Face
cloth, a cloth laid over the face of a corpse. --
Face guard, a mask with windows for the eyes, worn
by workman exposed to great heat, or to flying particles of
metal, stone, etc., as in glass works, foundries, etc. --
Face hammer, a hammer having a flat face. --
Face joint (Arch.), a joint in the face
of a wall or other structure. -- Face mite
(Zo\'94ll.), a small, elongated mite (Demdex
folliculorum), parasitic in the hair follicles of the
face. -- Face mold, the templet or pattern by
which carpenters, ect., outline the forms which are to be cut out
from boards, sheet metal, ect. -- Face plate.
(a) (Turning) A plate attached to the
spindle of a lathe, to which the work to be turned may be
attached. (b) A covering plate for an object,
to receive wear or shock. (c) A true plane for
testing a dressed surface. Knight. -- Face
wheel. (Mach.) (a) A crown
wheel. (b) A Wheel whose disk face is adapted
for grinding and polishing; a lap.<-- face value =
face, 13. Also used metaphorically, = apparent value: "Take at
its face value" -->
Cylinder face (Steam Engine),
the flat part of a steam cylinder on which a slide valve
moves. -- Face of an anvil, its flat upper
surface. -- Face of a bastion (Fort.),
the part between the salient and the shoulder angle. --
Face of coal (Mining), the principal
cleavage plane, at right angles to the stratification. --
Face of a gun, the surface of metal at the muzzle.
-- Face of a place (Fort.), the front
comprehended between the flanked angles of two neighboring
bastions. Wilhelm. -- Face of a square
(Mil.), one of the sides of a battalion when
formed in a square. -- Face of a
watch, clock, compass, card etc., the dial
or graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of
day, point of the compass, etc. -- Face to face.
(a) In the presence of each other; as, to bring the
accuser and the accused face to face. (b)
Without the interposition of any body or substance. \'bdNow
we see through a glass darkly; but then face to
face.\'b8 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (c)
With the faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward
one another; vis \'85 vis; -- opposed to back to
back. -- To fly in the face of, to
defy; to brave; to withstand. -- To make a face,
to distort the countenance; to make a grimace.
Shak.
Face (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Faced (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Facing
(?).] 1. To meet in front; to
oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of
stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter; as, to
face an enemy in the field of battale.
I'll face
This tempest, and deserve the name of king.
Dryden.
2. To Confront impudently; to bully.
I will neither be facednor braved.
Shak.
3. To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or
front toward; to front upon; as, the apartments of the
general faced the park.
He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which
faces Ireland.
Milton.
4. To cover in front, for ornament, protection,
etc.; to put a facing upon; as, a building faced
with marble.
5. To line near the edge, esp. with a different
material; as, to face the front of a coat, or the
bottom of a dress.
6. To cover with better, or better appearing,
material than the mass consists of, for purpose of deception, as
the surface of a box of tea, a barrel of sugar, etc.
7. (Mach.) To make the surface of
(anything) flat or smooth; to dress the face of (a stone, a
casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or smooth the flat
surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical surface.
8. To cause to turn or present a face or front, as
in a particular direction.
To face down, to put down by bold or impudent
opposition. \'bdHe faced men down.\'b8
Prior. -- To face (a thing) out, to
persist boldly or impudently in an assertion or in a line of
conduct. \'bdThat thinks with oaths to face the matter
out.\'b8 Shak
Face, v. i. 1. To carry a false
appearance; to play the hypocrite. \'bdTo lie, to
face, to forge.\'b8
Spenser.
2. To turn the face; as, to face to
the right or left.
Face about, man; a soldier, and afraid!
Dryden.
3. To present a face or front.
Faced (?), a. Having (such) a
face, or (so many) faces; as, smooth-faced,
two-faced.
Fa"ser (?), n. 1. One
who faces; one who puts on a false show; a bold-faced
person. [Obs.]
There be no greater talkers, nor boasters, nor
fasers.
Latimer.
2. A blow in the face, as in boxing; hence, any
severe or stunning check or defeat, as in controversy.
[Collog.]
I should have been a stercoraceous mendicant if I had hollowed
when I got a facer.
C. Kingsley.
<-- p. 536 -->
Fac"et (?), n. [F.
facette, dim. of face face. See
Face.] 1. A little face; a small,
plane surface; as, the facets of a
diamond. [Written also
facette.]
2. (Anat.) A smooth circumscribed
surface; as, the articular facet of a
bone.
3. (Arch.) The narrow plane surface
between flutings of a column.
4. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small
eyes which make up the compound eyes of insects and
crustaceans.
Fac"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Faceted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Faceting.] To cut facets or small faces
upon; as, to facet a diamond.
Fa*cete" (?), a. [L.
facetus elegant, fine, facetious; akin to
facies. See Face, and cf.
Facetious.] Facetious; witty; humorous.
[Archaic] \'bdA facete discourse.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
\'bdHow to interpose\'b8 with a small, smart remark, sentiment
facete, or unctuous anecdote.
Prof. Wilson.
-- Fa*cete"ly, adv. --
Fa*cete"ness, n.
Fac"et*ed (?), a. Having
facets.
\'d8Fa*ce"ti*\'91 (/), n. pl.
[L., fr. facetus. See Facete.]
Witty or humorous writings or saying; witticisms; merry
conceits.
Fa*ce"tious (?), a. [Cf. F.
fac\'82tieux. See Faceti\'91.]
1. Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive;
jocular; as, a facetious companion.
2. Characterized by wit and pleasantry; exciting
laughter; as, a facetious story or reply.
-- Fa*ce"tious*ly, adv. --
Fa*ce"tious*ness, n.
Fa*cette" (?), n. [F.]
See Facet, n.
Face"work` (?), n. The material
of the outside or front side, as of a wall or building;
facing.
Fa"ci*a (?), n. (Arch.)
See Fascia.
Fa"cial (?), a. [LL.
facialis, fr. L. facies face : cf. F.
facial.] Of or pertaining to the face;
as, the facial artery, vein, or nerve. --
Fa"cial*ly, adv.
Facial angle (Anat.), the angle, in
a skull, included between a straight line (ab, in the
illustrations), from the most prominent part of the forehead to
the front efge of the upper jaw bone, and another (cd)
from this point to the center of the external auditory opening.
See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.
Fa"ci*end (?), n. [From neut.
of L. faciendus, gerundive of facere to
do.] (Mach.) The multiplicand. See
Facient, 2.
Fa"cient (?), n. [L.
faciens, -- entis, p. pr. of
facere to make, do. See Fact.]
1. One who does anything, good or bad; a doer; an
agent. [Obs.]
Br. Hacket.
2. (Mach.) (a) One of the
variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.
(b) The multiplier.
facient, faciend,
and factum, may imply that the multiplication involved
is not ordinary multiplication, but is either some specified
operation, or, in general, any mathematical operation. See
Multiplication.
\'d8Fa"ci*es (?), n. [L., from,
face. See Face.]
1. The anterior part of the head; the face.
2. (Biol.) The general aspect or habit
of a species, or group of species, esp. with reference to its
adaptation to its environment.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The face of a bird, or the
front of the head, excluding the bill.
Facies Hippocratica. (Med.) See
Hippocratic.
Fac"ile (?) a. [L.
facilis, prop., capable of being done or made, hence,
facile, easy, fr. facere to make, do: cf. F.
facile. Srr Fact, and cf.
Faculty.] 1. Easy to be done or
performed: not difficult; performable or attainable with little
labor.
Order . . . will render the work facile and
delightful.
Evelyn.
2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily
conquerable; readily mastered.
The facile gates of hell too slightly barred.
Milton.
3. Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not
haughty, austere, or distant; affable; complaisant.
I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet.
B. Jonson.
4. Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding;
ductile to a fault; pliant; flexible.
Since Adam, and his facile consort Eve,
Lost Paradise, deceived by me.
Milton.
This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so
facile a disposition as not to be trusted without a
keeper on the king's highway.
Prof. Wilson.
5. Ready; quick; expert; as, he is
facile in expedients; he wields a facile
pen.
-- Fac"ile-ly, adv. --
Fac"ile*ness, n.
Fa*cil"i*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Facilitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Facilitating
(?).] [Cf. F. faciliter. See
Facility.] To make easy or less difficult; to
free from difficulty or impediment; to lessen the labor of;
as, to facilitate the execution of a
task.
To invite and facilitate that line of proceeding
which the times call for.
I. Taylor.
Fa*cil`i*ta"tion (?), n. The
act of facilitating or making easy.
Fa*cil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Facilities (#). [L.
facilitas, fr. facilis easy: cf. F.
facilit/. See Facile.] 1.
The quality of being easily performed; freedom from
difficulty; ease; as, the facility of an
operation.
The facility with which government has been
overturned in France.
Burke.
2. Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from
skill or use; dexterity; as, practice gives a wonderful
facility in executing works of art.
3. Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or
compliance; -- usually in a bad sense; pliancy.
It is a great error to take facility for good
nature.
L'Estrange.
4. Easiness of access; complaisance;
affability.
Offers himself to the visits of a friend with
facility.
South.
5. That which promotes the ease of any action or
course of conduct; advantage; aid; assistance; -- usually in the
plural; as, special facilities for study.
Syn. -- Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity;
complaisance; condescension; affability. --
Facility, Expertness, Readiness. These
words have in common the idea of performing any act with ease and
promptitude. Facility supposes a natural or acquired
power of dispatching a task with lightness and ease.
Expertness is the kind of facility acquired by long
practice. Readiness marks the promptitude with which
anything is done. A merchant needs great facility in
dispatching business; a bunker, great expertness in
casting accounts; both need great readiness in passing
from one employment to another. \'bdThe facility which
we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes them often
pass in us without our notice.\'b8 Locke. \'bdThe army
was celebrated for the expertness and valor of the
soldiers.\'b8 \'bdA readiness obey the known will of
God is the surest means to enlighten the mind in respect to
duty.\'b8
Fa"cing (?), n. 1. A
covering in front, for ornament or other purpose; an exterior
covering or sheathing; as, the facing of an earthen
slope, sea wall, etc. , to strengthen it or to protect or
adorn the exposed surface.
2. A lining placed near the edge of a garment for
ornament or protection.
3. (Arch.) The finishing of any face of
a wall with material different from that of which it is chiefly
composed, or the coating or material so used.
4. (Founding) A powdered substance, as
charcoal, bituminous coal, ect., applied to the face of a mold,
or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth
surface to the casting.
5. (Mil.) (a) pl.
The collar and cuffs of a military coat; -- commonly of a
color different from that of the coat. (b)
The movement of soldiers by turning on their heels to the
right, left, or about; -- chiefly in the pl.
Facing brick, front or pressed
brick.
Fa"cing*ly, adv. In a facing manner or
position.
Fa*cin"o*rous (?), a. [L.
facinorous, from facinus deed, bad deed,
from facere to make, do.] Atrociously
wicked. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
-- Fa*cin"o*rous*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Fac"ound (?), n. [F.
faconde, L. facundia. See
Facund.] Speech; eloquence.
[Obs.]
Her facound eke full womanly and plain.
Chaucer.
Fac*sim"i*le (?), n.; pl.
Facsimiles (-l/z). [L. fac
simile make like; or an abbreviation of factum
simile made like; facere to make +
similes like. See Fact, and
Simile.] A copy of anything made, either so
as to be deceptive or so as to give every part and detail of the
original; an exact copy or likeness.
Facsimile telegraph, a telegraphic apparatus
reproducing messages in autograph.
Fac*sim"i*le, (/), v. t. To make a facsimile
of.
Fact (?), n. [L.
factum, fr. facere to make or do. Cf.
Feat, Affair, Benefit,
Defect, Fashion, and -fy.]
1. A doing, making, or preparing.
[Obs.]
A project for the fact and vending
Of a new kind of fucus, paint for ladies.
B. Jonson.
2. An effect produced or achieved; anything done or
that comes to pass; an act; an event; a circumstance.
What might instigate him to this devilish fact, I
am not able to conjecture.
Evelyn.
He who most excels in fact of arms.
Milton.
3. Reality; actuality; truth; as, he, in
fact, excelled all the rest; the fact is, he
was beaten.
4. The assertion or statement of a thing done or
existing; sometimes, even when false, improperly put, by a
transfer of meaning, for the thing done, or supposed to be done;
a thing supposed or asserted to be done; as, history abounds
with false facts.
I do not grant the fact.
De Foe.
This reasoning is founded upon a fact which is not
true.
Roger Long.
fact has in jurisprudence
peculiar uses in contrast with low; as, attorney at
low, and attorney in fact; issue in
low, and issue in fact. There is also a
grand distinction between low and fact with
reference to the province of the judge and that of the jury, the
latter generally determining the fact, the former the
low.
Burrill Bouvier.
Accessary before, after,
the fact. See under
Accessary. -- Matter of fact, an
actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively: of or pertaining
to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a matter-of-fact
narration.
Syn. -- Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence;
circumstance.
Fac"tion (?), n. [L.
factio a doing, a company of persons acting together,
a faction: cf. F. faction See Fashion.]
1. (Anc. Hist.) One of the divisions or
parties of charioteers (distinguished by their colors) in the
games of the circus.
2. A party, in political society, combined or
acting in union, in opposition to the government, or state; --
usually applied to a minority, but it may be applied to a
majority; a combination or clique of partisans of any kind,
acting for their own interests, especially if greedy, clamorous,
and reckless of the common good.
3. Tumult; discord; dissension.
They remained at Newbury in great faction among
themselves.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- Combination; clique; junto. See
Cabal.
Fac"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
factionnaire, L. factionarius the head of a
company of charioteers.] Belonging to a faction; being
a partisan; taking sides. [Obs.]
Always factionary on the party of your general.
Shak.
Fac"tion*er (-?r), n. One of a
faction.
Abp. Bancroft.
Fac"tion*ist, n. One who promotes
faction.
Fac"tious (?). a. [L.
factiosus: cf. F. factieux.]
1. Given to faction; addicted to form parties and
raise dissensions, in opposition to government or the common
good; turbulent; seditious; prone to clamor against public
measures or men; -- said of persons.
Factious for the house of Lancaster.
Shak.
2. Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction;
indicating, or characterized by, faction; -- said of acts or
expressions; as, factious quarrels.
Headlong zeal or factious fury.
Burke.
-- Fac"tious*ly, adv. --
Fac"tious-ness, n.
Fac*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
factitius, fr. facere to make. See
Fact, and cf. Fetich.] Made by art,
in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; sham;
formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or conventional, in
distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not natural;
as, factitious cinnabar or jewels; a
factitious taste. --
Fac-ti"tious*ly, adv. --
Fac*ti"tious-ness, n.
He acquires a factitious propensity, he forms an
incorrigible habit, of desultory reading.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- Unnatural. -- Factitious,
Unnatural. Anything is unnatural when it
departs in any way from its simple or normal state; it is
factitious when it is wrought out or wrought up by
labor and effort, as, a factitious excitement. An
unnatural demand for any article of merchandise is one
which exceeds the ordinary rate of consumption; a factitious
demand is one created by active exertions for the purpose. An
unnatural alarm is one greater than the occasion
requires; a factitious alarm is one wrought up with
care and effort.
Fac"ti*tive (?). a. [See
Fact.] 1. Causing; causative.
2. (Gram.) Pertaining to that relation
which is proper when the act, as of a transitive verb, is not
merely received by an object, but produces some change in the
object, as when we say, He made the water wine.
Sometimes the idea of activity in a verb or adjective involves
in it a reference to an effect, in the way of causality, in the
active voice on the immediate objects, and in the passive voice
on the subject of such activity. This second object is called
the factitive object.
J. W. Gibbs.
Fac"tive (?), a. Making; having
power to make. [Obs.] \'bdYou are . . .
factive, not destructive.\'b8
Bacon.
\'d8Fac"to (?), adv. [L.,
ablative of factum deed, fact.] (Law)
In fact; by the act or fact.
De facto. (Law) See De
facto.
Fac"tor (?), n. [L.
factor a doer: cf. F. facteur a factor. See
Fact.] 1. (Law) One who
transacts business for another; an agent; a substitute;
especially, a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and
transacts business for others in commission; a commission
merchant or consignee. He may be a home factor or a foreign
factor. He may buy and sell in his own name, and he is intrusted
with the possession and control of the goods; and in these
respects he differs from a broker.
Story. Wharton.
My factor sends me word, a merchant's fled
That owes me for a hundred tun of wine.
Marlowe.
2. A steward or bailiff of an estate.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
3. (Math.) One of the elements or
quantities which, when multiplied together, from a product.
4. One of the elements, circumstances, or
influences which contribute to produce a result; a
constituent.
The materal and dynamical factors of nutrition.
H. Spencer.
Fac"tor, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Factored (-t?rd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Factoring.] (Mach.)
To resolve (a quantity) into its factors.
Fac"tor*age (?), n. [Cf. F.
factorage.] The allowance given to a
factor, as a compensation for his services; -- called also a
commission.
Fac"tor*ess (?), n. A factor
who is a woman. [R.]
Fac*to"ri*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a factory.
Buchanan.
2. (Math.) Related to factorials.
Fac*to"ri*al, n. (Math.)
(a) pl. A name given to the factors of
a continued product when the former are derivable from one and
the same function F(x) by successively imparting a constant
increment or decrement h to the independent variable.
Thus the product F(x).F(x + h).F(x + 2h) . . . F[x +
(n-1)h] is called a factorial term, and its
several factors take the name of factorials.
Brande & C.
(b) The product of the consecutive numbers from
unity up to any given number.
Fac"tor*ing (?), n.
(Math.) The act of resolving into factors.
Fac"tor*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Factorized
(-?zd); p. pr. & vb. n. Factorizing
(-?"z?ng).] (Law) (a)
To give warning to; -- said of a person in whose hands the
effects of another are attached, the warning being to the effect
that he shall not pay the money or deliver the property of the
defendant in his hands to him, but appear and answer the suit of
the plaintiff. (b) To attach (the effects of
a debtor) in the hands of a third person ; to garnish. See
Garnish. [Vt. & Conn.]
Fac"tor*ship, n. The business of a
factor.
Fac"to*ry (?), n.; pl.
Factories (-r/z). [Cf. F.
factorerie.] 1. A house or place
where factors, or commercial agents, reside, to transact business
for their employers. \'bdThe Company's factory
at Madras.\'b8
Burke.
2. The body of factors in any place; as, a
chaplain to a British factory.
W. Guthrie.
3. A building, or collection of buildings,
appropriated to the manufacture of goods; the place where workmen
are employed in fabricating goods, wares, or utensils; a
manufactory; as, a cotton factory.
Factory leg (Med.), a variety of
bandy leg, associated with partial dislocation of the tibia,
produced in young children by working in factories.
Fac*to"tum (?), n.; pl.
Factotums (-t/mz). [L., do
everything; facere to do + totus all : cf.
F. factotum. See Fact, and
Total.] A person employed to do all kinds of
work or business.
B. Jonson.
Fac"tu*al (?), a. Relating to,
or containing, facts. [R.]
<-- p. 537 -->
\'d8Fac"tum (?), n.; pl.
Facta (#). [L. See
Fact.] 1. (Law) A man's
own act and deed; particularly: (a) (Civil
Law) Anything stated and made certain.
(b) (Testamentary Law) The due execution
of a will, including everything necessary to its validity.
2. (Mach.) The product. See
Facient, 2.
Fac"ture (?), n. [F.
facture a making, invoice, L. factura a
making. See Fact.] 1. The act or
manner of making or doing anything; -- now used of a literary,
musical, or pictorial production.
Bacon.
2. (Com.) An invoice or bill of
parcels.
\'d8Fac"u*l\'91 (?), n. pl.
[L., pl. of facula a little torch.]
(Astron.) Groups of small shining spots on the
surface of the sun which are brighter than the other parts of the
photosphere. They are generally seen in the neighborhood of the
dark spots, and are supposed to be elevated portions of the
photosphere.
Newcomb.
Fac"u*lar (?) a.
(Astron.) Of or pertaining to the
facul\'91.
R. A. Proctor.
Fac"ul*ty (?), n.; pl.
Faculties (#). [F.
facult/, L. facultas, fr.
facilis easy (cf. facul easily), fr.
fecere to make. See Fact, and cf.
Facility.] 1. Ability to act or
perform, whether inborn or cultivated; capacity for any natural
function; especially, an original mental power or capacity for
any of the well-known classes of mental activity; psychical or
soul capacity; capacity for any of the leading kinds of soul
activity, as knowledge, feeling, volition; intellectual endowment
or gift; power; as, faculties of the mind or the
soul.
But know that in the soul
Are many lesser faculties that serve
Reason as chief.
Milton.
What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason ! how
infinite in faculty !
Shak.
2. Special mental endowment; characteristic
knack.
He had a ready faculty, indeed, of escaping from
any topic that agitated his too sensitive and nervous
temperament.
Hawthorne.
3. Power; prerogative or attribute of office.
[R.]
This Duncan
Hath borne his faculties so meek.
Shak.
4. Privilege or permission, granted by favor or
indulgence, to do a particular thing; authority; license;
dispensation.
The pope . . . granted him a faculty to set him
free from his promise.
Fuller.
It had not only faculty to inspect all bishops'
dioceses, but to change what laws and statutes they should think
fit to alter among the colleges.
Evelyn.
5. A body of a men to whom any specific right or
privilege is granted; formerly, the graduates in any of the four
departments of a university or college (Philosophy, Law,
Medicine, or Theology), to whom was granted the right of teaching
(profitendi or docendi) in the department
in which they had studied; at present, the members of a
profession itself; as, the medical faculty; the
legal faculty, ect.
6. (Amer. Colleges) The body of person
to whom are intrusted the government and instruction of a college
or university, or of one of its departments; the president,
professors, and tutors in a college.
Dean of faculty. See under Dean.
-- Faculty of advocates. (Scot.) See
under Advocate.
Syn. -- Talent; gift; endowment; dexterity; expertness;
cleverness; readiness; ability; knack.
Fac"und (?), a. [L.
facundus, fr. fari to speak.]
Eloquent. [Archaic]
Fa*cun"di*ous (?), a. [L.
facundiosus.] Eloquement; full of
words. [Archaic]
Fa*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L.
facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness of
speech. [Archaic]
Fad (?), n. [Cf.
Faddle.] A hobby ; freak; whim. --
Fad"dist, n.
It is your favorite fad to draw plans.
G. Eliot.
Fad"dle (?), v. i. [Cf.
Fiddle, Fiddle-faddle.] To trifle;
to toy. -- v. t. To fondle; to
dandle. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Fade (?) a. [F., prob. fr. L.
vapidus vapid, or possibly fr,fatuus
foolish, insipid.] Weak; insipid; tasteless;
commonplace. [R.] \'bdPassages that are
somewhat fade.\'b8
Jeffrey.
His masculine taste gave him a sense of something
fade and ludicrous.
De Quincey.
Fade (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Faded; p. pr. &
vb. n. Fading.] [OE.
faden, vaden, prob. fr. fade,
a.; cf. Prov. D. vadden to fade, wither,
vaddigh languid, torpid. Cf.
Fade, a., Vade.] 1.
To become fade; to grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to
perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.
The earth mourneth and fadeth away.
Is. xxiv. 4.
2. To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to
become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.
\'bdFlowers that never fade.\'b8
Milton.
3. To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow
dim; to vanish.
The stars shall fade away.
Addison
He makes a swanlike end,
Fading in music.
Shak.
Fade, v. t. To cause to wither; to
deprive of freshness or vigor; to wear away.
No winter could his laurels fade.
Dryden.
Fad"ed (?), a. That has lost
freshness, color, or brightness; grown dim. \'bdHis
faded cheek.\'b8
Milton.
Where the faded moon
Made a dim silver twilight.
Keats.
Fad"ed*ly, adv. In a faded manner.
A dull room fadedly furnished.
Dickens.
Fade"less, a. Not liable to fade;
unfading.
Fa"der (?), n. Father.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fadge (?), v. i. [Cf. OE.
faden to flatter, and AS. f/gan to join,
unit, G. f\'81gen, or AS. \'bef\'91gian to
depict; all perh. form the same root as E. fair. Cf.
Fair, a., Fay to fit.] To
fit; to suit; to agree.
They shall be made, spite of antipathy, to fadge
together.
Milton.
Well, Sir, how fadges the new design ?
Wycherley.
Fadge (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A small flat loaf or thick cake; also, a
fagot. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Fad"ing (?), a. Losing
freshness, color, brightness, or vigor. --
n. Loss of color, freshness, or
vigor. -- Fad"ing*ly,
adv. -- Fad"ing*ness,
n.
Fad"ing, n. An Irish dance; also, the
burden of a song. \'bdFading is a fine jig.\'b8
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Fad"me (?), n. A fathom.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fad"y (?), a. Faded.
[R.]
Shenstone.
F\'91"cal (?), a. See
Fecal.
\'d8F\'91"ces (?), n.pl. [L.
faex, pl. faeces, dregs.]
Excrement; ordure; also, settlings; sediment after infusion
or distillation. [Written also
feces.]
\'d8F\'91c"u*la (?), n.
[L.] See Fecula.
Fa"\'89r*y (?), n. & a.
Fairy. [Archaic]
Spenser.
Faf"fle (?), v. i. [Cf.
Famble, Maffle.] To stammer.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Fag (?) n. A knot or coarse
part in cloth. [Obs.]
Fag, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fagging (?).] [Cf. LG.
fakk wearied, weary, vaak slumber,
drowsiness, OFries. fai, equiv. to f\'bech
devoted to death, OS. f/gi, OHG. feigi,
G. feig, feige, cowardly, Icel.
feigr fated to die, AS. f/ge, Scot.
faik, to fail, stop, lower the price; or perh. the
same word as E. flag to droop.] 1.
To become weary; to tire.
Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to
fag.
G. Mackenzie.
2. To labor to wearness; to work hard; to
drudge.
Read, fag, and subdue this chapter.
Coleridge.
3. To act as a fag, or perform menial services or
drudgery, for another, as in some English schools.
To fag out, to become untwisted or frayed, as
the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.
Fag, v. t. 1. To tire by labor;
to exhaust; as, he was almost fagged out.
2. Anything that fatigues. [R.]
It is such a fag, I came back tired to death.
Miss Austen.
Brain fag. (Med.) See
Cerebropathy.
Fag"*end" (?), n. 1.
An end of poorer quality, or in a spoiled condition, as the
coarser end of a web of cloth, the untwisted end of a rope,
ect.
2. The refuse or meaner part of anything.
The fag-end of business.
Collier.
Fag"ging (?), n. Laborious
drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge for another at an English
school.
Fag"ot (?) n. [F., prob. aug.
of L. fax, facis, torch, perh. orig., a
bundle of sticks; cf. Gr. /////// bundle, fagot.
Cf. Fagotto.] 1. A bundle of sticks,
twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for raising
batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification; a
fascine.
Shak.
2. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked
over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a
welding heat; a pile.
3. (Mus.) A bassoon. See
Fagotto.
4. A person hired to take the place of another at
the muster of a company. [Eng.]
Addison.
5. An old shriveled woman. [Slang,
Eng.]
Fagot iron, iron, in bars or masses,
manufactured from fagots. -- Fagot vote, the
vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being made a
landholder, for party purposes. [Political cant,
Eng.]
Fag"ot (?) v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fagoted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Fagoting.] To make a
fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to collect
promiscuously.
Dryden.
\'d8Fa*got"to (?), n. [It. See
Fagot.] (Mus.) The bassoon; -- so
called from being divided into parts for ease of carriage,
making, as it were, a small fagot.
\'d8Fa"ham (?), n. The leaves
of an orchid (Angraecum fragrans), of the islands of
Bourbon and Mauritius, used (in France) as a substitute for
Chinese tea.
\'d8Fahl"band` (?), n. [G., fr.
fahl dun-colored + band a band.]
(Mining) A stratum in crystalline rock,
containing metallic sulphides.
Raymond.
{ Fahl"erz (?), Fahl"band
(?), } n. [G. fahlerz;
fahl dun-colored, fallow + erz ore.]
(Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.
Fah"lun*ite (?), n. [From
Falhun, a place in Sweden.] (Min.)
A hydration of iolite.
Fah"ren*heit (?) a. [G.]
Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel
Fahrenheit in the graduation of his thermometer; of or
relating to Fahrenheit's thermometric scale. --
n. The Fahrenheit termometer or
scale.
Fahrenheit thermometer is so
graduated that the freezing point of water is at 32 degrees above
the zero of its scale, and the boiling point at 212 degrees
above. It is commonly used in the United States and in
England.
\'d8Fa`\'8b*ence" (?), n. [F.,
fr. Faenza, a town in Italy, the original place of
manufacture.] Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is
decorated in color.
Fail (?) v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Failed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Failing.] [F.
failir, fr. L. fallere, falsum,
to deceive, akin to E. fall. See Fail, and
cf. Fallacy, False, Fault.]
1. To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become
deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence; to cease
to be furnished in the usual or expected manner, or to be
altogether cut off from supply; to be lacking; as, streams
fail; crops fail.
As the waters fail from the sea.
Job xiv. 11.
Till Lionel's issue fails, his should not
reign.
Shak.
2. To be affected with want; to come short; to
lack; to be deficient or unprovided; -- used with
of.
If ever they fail of beauty, this failure is not be
attributed to their size.
Berke.
3. To fall away; to become diminished; to decline;
to decay; to sink.
When earnestly they seek
Such proof, conclude they then begin to fail.
Milton.
4. To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity,
resources, etc.; to become weaker; as, a sick man
fails.
5. To perish; to die; -- used of a person.
[Obs.]
Had the king in his last sickness failed.
Shak.
6. To be found wanting with respect to an action or
a duty to be performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss;
not to fulfill expectation.
Take heed now that ye fail not to do this.
Ezra iv. 22.
Either my eyesight fails, or thou look'st pale.
Shak.
7. To come short of a result or object aimed at or
desired ; to be baffled or frusrated.
Our envious foe hath failed.
Milton.
8. To err in judgment; to be mistaken.
Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps
Shall grieve him, if I fail not.
Milton.
9. To become unable to meet one's engagements;
especially, to be unable to pay one's debts or discharge one's
business obligation; to become bankrupt or insolvent.
Fail (?), v. t. 1. To
be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to disappoint; to
desert.
There shall not fail thee a man on the throne.
1 Kings ii. 4.
2. To miss of attaining; to lose.
[R.]
Though that seat of earthly bliss be failed.
Milton.
Fail, n. [OF. faille, from
failir. See Fail, v. i.]
1. Miscarriage; failure; deficiency; fault; --
mostly superseded by failure or failing,
except in the phrase without fail. \'bdHis
highness' fail of issue.\'b8
Shak.
2. Death; decease. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fail"ance (?), n. [Of.
faillance, fr. faillir.] Fault;
failure; omission. [Obs.]
Bp. Fell.
Fail"ing, n. 1. A failing
short; a becoming deficient; failure; deficiency; imperfection;
weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; as, a mental
failing.
And ever in her mind she cas about
For that unnoticed failing in herself.
Tennyson.
2. The act of becoming insolvent of bankrupt.
Syn. -- See Fault.
\'d8Faille (?), n. [F.]
A soft silk, heavier than a foulard and not glossy.
Fail"ure (?), n. [From
Fail.] 1. Cessation of supply, or
total defect; a failing; deficiency; as, failure of
rain; failure of crops.
2. Omission; nonperformance; as, the
failure to keep a promise.
3. Want of success; the state of having
failed.
4. Decau, or defect from decay; deterioration;
as, the failure of memory or of sight.
5. A becoming insolvent; bankruptcy; suspension of
payment; as, failure in business.
6. A failing; a slight fault.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Fain (?), a. [OE.
fain, fagen, AS. f\'91gen; akin
to OS. fagan, Icel. faginn glad; AS.
f\'91gnian to rejoice, OS. fagan,
Icel. fagna, Goth. fagin, cf. Goth.
fah joy; and fr. the same root as E.
fair. Srr Fair, a., and cf.
Fawn to court favor.] 1.
Well-pleased; glad; apt; wont; fond; inclined.
Men and birds are fain of climbing high.
Shak.
To a busy man, temptation is fainto climb up
together with his business.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Satisfied; contented; also, constrained.
Shak.
The learned Castalio was fain to make trechers at
Basle to keep himself from starving.
Locke.
Fain, adv. With joy; gladly; -- with
wold.
He would fain have filled his belly with the husks
that the swine did eat.
Luke xv. 16.
Fain Would I woo her, yet I dare not.
Shak.
Fain, v. t. & i. To be glad ; to wish or
desire. [Obs.]
Whoso fair thing does fain to see.
Spencer.
\'d8Fai`n\'82`ant" (?), a. [F.;
fait he does + n\'82ant nothing.]
Doing nothing; shiftless. -- n.
A do-nothing; an idle fellow; a sluggard.
Sir W. Scott.
Faint (?), a.
[Compar. Fainter (-?r);
superl. Faintest.] [OE.
faint, feint, false, faint, F.
feint, p.p. of feindre to feign, suppose,
hesitate. See Faign, and cf. Feint.]
1. Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to
swoon; as, faint with fatigue, hunger, or
thirst.
2. Wanting in courage, spirit, or energy; timorous;
cowardly; dejected; depressed; as, \'bdFaint heart
ne'er won fair lady.\'b8
Old Proverb.
3. Lacking distinctness; hardly perceptible;
striking the senses feebly; not bright, or loud, or sharp, or
forcible; weak; as, a faint color, or
sound.
4. Performed, done, or acted, in a weak or feeble
manner; not exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy; slight;
as, faint efforts; faint
resistance.
The faint prosecution of the war.
Sir J. Davies.
Faint, n. The act of fainting, or the
state of one who has fainted; a swoon. [R.] See
Fainting, n.
The saint,
Who propped the Virgin in her faint.
Sir W. Scott.
Faint, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fainting.] 1. To become weak
or wanting in vigor; to grow feeble; to lose strength and color,
and the control of the bodily or mental functions; to swoon; --
sometimes with away. See Fainting,
n.
Hearing the honor intended her, she fainted
away.
Guardian.
If I send them away fasting . . . they will faint
by the way.
Mark viii. 8.
<-- p. 538 -->
2. To sink into dejection; to lose courage or
spirit; to become depressed or despondent.
If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength
is small.
Prov. xxiv. 10.
3. To decay; to disappear; to vanish.
Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, faint
before the eye.
Pope.
Faint (?), v. t. To cause to
faint or become dispirited; to depress; to weaken.
[Obs.]
It faints me to think what follows.
Shak.
Faint"*heart`ed (?), a. Wanting
in courage; depressed by fear; easily discouraged or frightened;
cowardly; timorous; dejected.
Fear not, neither be faint-hearted.
Is. vii. 4.
-- Faint"*heart`ed*ly, adv. --
Faint"*heart`ed*ness, n.
Faint"ing (?), n. Syncope, or
loss of consciousness owing to a sudden arrest of the blood
supply to the brain, the face becoming pallid, the respiration
feeble, and the heat's beat weak.
Fainting fit, a fainting or swoon; syncope.
[Colloq.]
Faint"ish, a. Slightly faint; somewhat
faint. -- Faint"ish*ness,
n.
Faint"ling (?), a. Timorous;
feeble-minded. [Obs.] \'bdA
fainting, silly creature.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
Faint"ly, adv. In a faint, weak, or
timidmanner.
Faint"ness, n. 1. The state of
being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness, and
self-control.
2. Want of vigor or energy.
Spenser.
3. Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of
distinctness; as, faintness of
description.
4. Faint-heartedness; timorousness;
dejection.
I will send a faintness into their hearts.
Lev. xxvi. 36.
Faints (?), n.pl. The impure
spirit which comes over first and last in the distillation of
whisky; -- the former being called the strong faints,
and the latter, which is much more abundant, the weak
faints. This crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel
oil.
Ure.
Faint"y (?), a. Feeble;
languid. [R.]
Dryden.
Fair (?), a.
[Compar. Fairer (?);
superl. Fairest.] [OE.
fair, fayer, fager, AS.
f\'91ger; akin to OS. & OHG. fagar, Isel.
fagr, Sw. fager, Dan. faver,
Goth. fagrs fit, also to E. fay, G.
f\'81gen, to fit. fegen to sweep, cleanse,
and prob. also to E. fang, peace,
pact, Cf. Fang, Fain, Fay
to fit.] 1. Free from spots, specks, dirt, or
imperfection; unblemished; clean; pure.
A fair white linen cloth.
Book of Common Prayer.
2. Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful.
Who can not see many a fair French city, for one
fair French made.
Shak.
3. Without a dark hue; light; clear; as, a
fair skin.
The northern people large and
fair-complexioned.
Sir M. Hale.
4. Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant;
propitious; favorable; -- said of the sky, weather, or wind,
etc.; as, a fair sky; a fair
day.
You wish fair winds may waft him over.
Prior.
5. Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed;
unincumbered; open; direct; -- said of a road, passage, etc.;
as, a fair mark; in fair sight; a
fair view.
The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a
fair way to have enlarged.
Sir W. Raleigh.
6. (Shipbuilding) Without sudden change
of direction or curvature; smooth; fowing; -- said of the figure
of a vessel, and of surfaces, water lines, and other lines.
7. Characterized by frankness, honesty,
impartiality, or candor; open; upright; free from suspicion or
bias; equitable; just; -- said of persons, character, or conduct;
as, a fair man; fair dealing; a
fair statement. \'bdI would call it
fair play.\'b8
Shak.
8. Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and
confidence; -- said of words, promises, etc.
When fair words and good counsel will not prevail
on us, we must be frighted into our duty.
L' Estrange.
9. Distinct; legible; as, fair
handwriting.
10. Free from any marked characteristic; average;
middling; as, a fair specimen.
The news is very fair and good, my lord.
Shak.
Fair ball. (Baseball) (a)
A ball passing over the home base at the height called for by
the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while wholly within the
lines of his position and facing the batsman. (b)
A batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; -- called
also a fair hit. -- Fair maid.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The European pilchard
(Clupea pilchardus) when dried. (b)
The southern scup (Stenotomus Gardeni).
[Virginia] -- Fair one, a handsome
woman; a beauty, -- Fair play, equitable or
impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice. --
From fair to middling, passable; tolerable.
[Colloq.] -- The fair sex, the female
sex.
Syn. -- Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest;
equitable; impartial; reasonable. See Candid.
Fair, adv. Clearly; openly; frankly;
civilly; honestly; favorably; auspiciously; agreeably.
Fair and square, justly; honestly; equitably;
impartially. [Colloq.] -- To bid
fair. See under Bid. -- To speak
fair, to address with courtesy and frankness.
[Archaic]
Fair, n. 1. Fairness,
beauty. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. A fair woman; a sweetheart.
I have found out a gift for my fair.
Shenstone.
3. Good fortune; good luck.
Now fair befall thee !
Shak.
The fair, anything beautiful; women,
collectively. \'bdFor slander's mark was ever yet the
fair.\'b8
Shak.
Fair, v. t. 1. To make fair or
beautiful. [Obs.]
Fairing the foul.
Shak.
2. (Shipbuilding) To make smooth and
flowing, as a vessel's lines.
Fair, n. [OE. feire, OF.
feire, F. foire, fr. L. fariae,
pl., days of rest, holidays, festivals, akin to festus
festal. See Feast.] 1. A gathering
of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place with their
merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special
appointment, for trade.
2. A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc.,
usually for some charitable object; as, a Grand Army
fair.
3. A competitive exhibition of wares, farm
products, etc., not primarily for purposes of sale; as, the
Mechanics' fair; an agricultural
fair.
After the fair, Too late.
[Colloq.]
Fair"-haired` (?), a. Having
fair or light-colored hair.
Fair"hood (?), n. Fairness;
beauty. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Fair"i*ly (?), adv. In the
manner of a fairy.
Numerous as shadows haunting fairily
The brain.
Keats.
Fair"ing, n. A present; originally, one
given or purchased at a fair.
Gay.
Fairing box, a box receiving savings or small
sums of money.
Hannah More.
Fair"ish, a. Tolerably fair.
[Colloq.]
W. D. Howells.
Fair"-lead`er (?), n.
(Naut.) A block, or ring, serving as a guide for
the running rigging or for any rope.
Fair"ly, adv. 1. In a
fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly;
frankly.
Even the nature of Mr. Dimmesdale's disease had never
fairly been revealed to him.
Hawthorne.
2. Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously; as, a
town fairly situated for foreign traade.
3. Honestly; properly.
Such means of comfort or even luxury, as lay fairly
within their grasp.
Hawthorne.
4. Softly; quietly; gently.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Fair"-mind`ed (?), a.
Unprejudiced; just; judicial; honest. --
Fair"*mind`ed*ness, n.
Fair"-na`tured (?), a.
Well-disposed. \'bdA fair-natured
prince.\'b8
Ford.
Fair"ness, n. The state of being fair,
or free form spots or stains, as of the skin; honesty, as of
dealing; candor, as of an argument, etc.
Faair"-spo`ken (?), a. Using
fair speech, or uttered with fairness; bland; civil; courteous;
plausible. \'bdA marvelous fair-spoken man.\'b8
Hooker.
Fair"way` (?), n. The navigable
part of a river, bay, etc., through which vessels enter or
depart; the part of a harbor or channel ehich is kept open and
unobstructed for the passage of vessels.
Totten.
<-- [2]. That part of a golf course between the tee and the green
which is of closely mowed grass, as contrasted to the
rough. -->
Fair"-weath`er (?), a. 1.
Made or done in pleasant weather, or in circumstances
involving but little exposure or sacrifice; as, a
fair-weather voyage.
Pope.
2. Appearing only when times or circumstances are
prosperous; as, a fair-weather friend.
Fair-weather sailor, a make-believe or
inexperienced sailor; -- the nautical equivalent of carpet
knight.
Fair"-world` (?) n. State of
prosperity. [Obs.]
They think it was never fair-world with them
since.
Milton.
Fair"y (?), n.; pl.
Fairies (#). [OE.
fairie, faierie, enchantment, fairy folk,
fairy, OF. faerie enchantment, F. f\'82er,
fr. LL. Fata one of the goddesses of fate. See
Fate, and cf. Fay a fairy.]
[Written also fa\'89ry.] 1.
Enchantment; illusion. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
The God of her has made an end,
And fro this worlde's fairy
Hath taken her into company.
Gower.
2. The country of the fays; land of
illusions. [Obs.]
He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in Fairy.
Lydgate.
3. An imaginary supernatural being or spirit,
supposed to assume a human form (usually diminutive), either male
or female, and to meddle for good or evil in the affairs of
mankind; a fay. See Elf, and Demon.
The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the
Fairy.
K. James.
And now about the caldron sing,
Like elves and fairies in a ring.
Shak.
5. An enchantress. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fairy of the mine, an imaginary being supposed
to inhabit mines, etc. German folklore tells of two species; one
fierce and malevolent, the other gentle, See
Kobold.
No goblin or swart fairy of the mine
Hath hurtful power over true virginity.
Milton.
Fair"y, a. 1. Of or pertaining
to fairies.
2. Given by fairies; as, fairy
money.
Dryden.
Fairy bird (Zo\'94l.), the
Euoropean little tern (Sterna minuta); -- called also
sea swallow, and hooded
tern. -- Fairy bluebird.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Bluebird. --
Fairy martin (Zo\'94l.), a European
swallow (Hirrundo ariel) that builds flask-shaped
nests of mud on overhanging cliffs. --
Fairy rings ,
the circles formed in grassy lawns by certain fungi (as
Marasmius Oreades), formerly supposed to be caused by
fairies in their midnight dances. -- Fairy shrimp
(Zo\'94l.), a European fresh-water phyllopod
crustacean (Chirocephalus diaphanus); -- so called
from its delicate colors, transparency, and graceful motions. The
name is sometimes applied to similar American species. --
Fairy stone (Paleon.), an
echinite.
Fair"y*land` (?) n. The
imaginary land or abode of fairies.
Fair"y*like` (?), a. Resembling
a fairy, or what is made or done be fairies; as,
fairylike music.
Faith (?), n. [OE.
feith, fayth, fay, OF.
feid, feit, fei, F.
foi, fr. L. fides; akin to
fidere to trust, Gr. /////// to
persuade. The ending th is perhaps due to the
influence of such words as truth, health,
wealth. See Bid, Bide, and cf.
Confide, Defy, Fealty.]
1. Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of
what is declared by another, resting solely and implicitly on his
authority and veracity; reliance on testimony.
2. The assent of the mind to the statement or
proposition of another, on the ground of the manifest truth of
what he utters; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of
any kind, especially in regard to important moral truth.
Faith, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the
finite will and understanding to the reason.
Coleridge.
3. (Theol.) (a) The belief in
the historic truthfulness of the Scripture narrative, and the
supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes called
historical and speculative faith.
(b) The belief in the facts and truth of the
Scriptures, with a practical love of them; especially, that
confiding and affectionate belief in the person and work of
Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a
true Christian, -- called a practical,
evangelical, or saving faith.
Without faith it is impossible to please him
[God].
Heb. xi. 6.
The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind
which is called \'bdtrust\'b8 or \'bdconfidence\'b8 exercised
toward the moral character of God, and particularly of the
Savior.
Dr. T. Dwight.
Faith is an affectionate, practical confidence in
the testimony of God.
J. Hawes.
4. That which is believed on any subject, whether
in science, politics, or religion; especially
(Theol.), a system of religious belief of any kind;
as, the Jewish or Mohammedan faith; and especially,
the system of truth taught by Christ; as, the Christian
faith; also, the creed or belief of a
Christian society or church.
Which to believe of her,
Must be a faith that reason without miracle
Could never plant in me.
Shak.
Now preacheth the faith which once he
destroyed.
Gal. i. 23.
5. Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to
duty, or to a person honored and beloved; loyalty.
Children in whom is no faith.
Deut. xxvii. 20.
Whose failing, while her faith to me remains,
I should conceal.
Milton.
6. Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity;
as, he violated his faith.
For you alone
I broke me faith with injured Palamon.
Dryden.
7. Credibility or truth. [R.]
The faith of the foregoing narrative.
Mitford.
Act of faith. See Auto-da-f\'82.
-- Breach of faith, Confession of
faith, etc. See under Breach,
Confession, etc. -- Faith cure, a
method or practice of treating diseases by prayer and the
exercise of faith in God. -- In good faith,
with perfect sincerity.
<-- faith healing, faith healer = faith cure. -->
Faith (?), interj. By my faith;
in truth; verily.
Faithed (?), a. Having faith or
a faith; honest; sincere. [Obs.] \'bdMake thy
words faithed.\'b8
Shak.
Faith"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe,
especially in the declarations and promises of God.
You are not faithful, sir.
B. Jonson.
2. Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts,
treaties, or other engagements.
The faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy
with them that love him.
Deut. vii. 9.
3. True and constant in affection or allegiance to
a person to whom one is bound by a vow, be ties of love,
gratitude, or honor, as to a husband, a prince, a friend; firm in
the observance of duty; loyal; of true fidelity; as, a
faithful husband or servant.
So spake the seraph Abdiel, faithful found,
Among the faithless, faithful only he.
Milton.
4. Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to
truth ot fact; exact; accurate; as, a faithful
narrative or representation.
It is a faithful saying.
2 Tim. ii. 11.
The Faithful, the adherents of any system of
religious belief; esp. used as an epithet of the followers of
Mohammed.
Syn. -- Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious;
trustworthy.
-- Faith"ful*ly, adv.
-Faith"ful*ness, n.
Faith"less, a. 1. Not
believing; not giving credit.
Be not faithless, but believing.
John xx. 27.
2. Not believing on God or religion; specifically,
not believing in the Christian religion.
Shak.
3. Not observant of promises or covenants.
4. Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows;
perfidious; trecherous; disloyal; not of true fidelity;
inconstant, as a husband or a wife.
A most unnatural and faithless service.
Shak.
5. Serving to disappoint or deceive; delusive;
unsatisfying. \'bdYonder faithless phantom.\'b8
Goldsmith.
-- Faith"less*ly,
adv.Faith"less*ness,
n.
Fai"tour (?), n. [OF.
faitor a doer, L. factor. See
Factor.] A doer or actor; particularly, an
evil doer; a scoundrel. [Obs.]
Lo! faitour, there thy meed unto thee take.
Spenser.
Fake (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
faik fold, stratum of stone, AS. f\'91c
space, interval, G. fach compartment, partition, row,
and E. fay to fit.] (Naut.) One
of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a
coil; a single turn or coil.
Fake, v. t. (Naut.) To coil
(a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite
directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form,,
to prevent twisting when running out.
Faking box, a box in which a long rope is
faked; used in the life-saving service for a line attached to a
shot.
Fake, v. t. [Cf. Gael. faigh
to get, acquire, reach, or OD. facken to catch or
gripe.] [Slang in all its senses.]
1. To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob.
2. To make; to construct; to do.
3. To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an
object appear better or other than it really is; as, to
fake a bulldog, by burning his upper lip and thus
artificially shortening it.
Fake, n. A trick; a swindle.
[Slang]
Fa"kir (?), n. [Ar.
faq\'c6r poor.] An Oriental religious
ascetic or begging monk. [Written also
faquir anf fakeer.]
\'d8Fa"la*na"ka (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A viverrine mammal of
Madagascar (Eupleres Goudotii), allied to the civet;
-- called also Falanouc.
Fal*cade" (f, n.
[F., ultimately fr. L. falx, falcis, a
sickle or scythe.] (Man.) The action of a
horse, when he throws himself on his haunches two or three times,
bending himself, as it were, in very quick curvets.
Harris.
<-- p. 539 -->
{ Fal"cate (?), Fal"ca*ted
(?), } a. [L. falcatus,
fr. falx, falcis, a sickle or
scythe.] Hooked or bent like a sickle; as, a
falcate leaf; a falcate claw; -- said also
of the moon, or a planet, when horned or crescent-formed.
Fal*ca"tion (?), n. The state
of being falcate; a bend in the form of a sickle.
Sir T. Browne.
Fal"cer (?), n. [From L.
falx, falcis, a sickle.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the mandibles of a
spider.
Fal"chion (?), n. [OE.
fauchon, OF. fauchon, LL.
f\'84lcio, fr. L. falx, falcis,
a sickle, cf. Gr. ////// a ship's rib,
////// bandy-legged; perh, akin to E.
falcon; cf. It. falcione. Cf.
Defalcation.] 1. A broad-bladed
sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than the ordinary
sword; -- used in the Middle Ages.
2. A name given generally and poetically to a
sword, especially to the swords of Oriental and fabled
warriors.
Fal*cid"i*an (?), a. [L.
Falcidius.] Of or pertaining to Publius
Falcidius, a Roman tribune.
Falcidian law (Civil Law), a law by
which a testator was obliged to leave at least a fourth of his
estate to the heir.
Burrill.
Fal"ci*form (?), a. [L.
falx, falcis, a sickle + -form:
cf. F. falciforme.] Having the shape of a
scithe or sickle; resembling a reaping hook; as, the
falciform ligatment of the liver.
Fal"con (?), n. [OE.
faucon, faucoun, OF. faucon,
falcon, /. faucon, fr. LL.
falco, perh. from L. falx, falcis, a sickle
or scythe, and named from its curving talons. Cf.
Falchion.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of a family (Falconid\'91) of
raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked beak, strong
claws, and powerful flight. (b) Any species
of the genus Falco, distinguished by having a
toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this
genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game.
In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (Falco
peregrinus) is exclusively called the
falcon.
Yarrell.
2. (Gun.) An ancient form of
cannon.
Chanting falcon. (Zo\'94l.) See
under Chanting.
Fal"con*er (?), n. [OE.
fauconer, OF. falconier,
fauconier, F. fauconnier. See
Falcon.] A person who breeds or trains hawks
for taking birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling
with hawks.
Johnson.
Fal"co*net (?), n. [Dim. of
falcon: cf. F. fauconneau, LL.
falconeta, properly, a young falcon.]
1. One of the smaller cannon used in the 15th
century and later.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of
several very small Asiatic falcons of the genus
Microhierax. (b) One of a group of
Australian birds of the genus Falcunculus, resembling
shrikes and titmice.
Fal"con*gen`til (?), n. [F.
faucon-gentil. See Falcon, and
Genteel.] (Zo\'94l.) The female or
young of the goshawk (Astur palumbarius).
Fal"co*nine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like a falcon or hawk; belonging to
the Falconid\'91
Fal"con*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
fauconnerie. See Falcon.] 1.
The art of training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack
wild fowl or game.
2. The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means
of falcons or hawks.
\'d8Fal"cu*la (?), n. [L., a
small sickle, a billhook.] (Zo\'94l.) A
curved and sharp-pointed claw.
Fal"cu*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Curved and sharppointed, like a
falcula, or claw of a falcon.
Fald"age (?), n. [LL.
faldagium, fr. AS. fald, E.
fold. Cf. Foldage.] (O. Eng.
Law) A privilege of setting up, and moving about,
folds for sheep, in any fields within manors, in order to manure
them; -- often reserved to himself by the lord of the
manor.
Spelman.
Fald"fee` (?), n. [AS.
fald (E.fold) + E. fee. See
Faldage.] (O. Eng. Law) A fee or
rent paid by a tenant for the privilege of faldage on his own
ground.
Blount.
Fald"ing, n. A frieze or rough-napped
cloth. [Obs.]
Fal"dis*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
faldistorium, faldestorium, from OHG.
faldstuol; faldan, faltan, to
fold (G. falten) + stuol stool. So called
because it could be folded or laid together. See Fold,
and Stool, and cf. Faldstool,
Fauteuil.] The throne or seat of a bishop
within the chancel. [Obs.]
Fald"stool` (?), n. [See
Faldistory.] A folding stool, or portable
seat, made to fold up in the manner of a camo stool. It was
formerly placed in the choir for a bishop, when he offciated in
any but his own cathedral church.
Fairholt.
faldstool is given to the reading desk from which
the litany is read. This esage is a relic of the ancient use of a
lectern folding like a camp stool.
Fa*ler"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy; as,
Falernianwine.
Falk (f, n.
(Zo\'94l.) The razorbill. [Written
also falc, and faik.] [Prov.
Eng.]
Fall (f, v. i.
[imp. Fell (?); p.
p. Fallen (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Falling.] [AS. feallan; akin
to D. vallen, OS. & OHG. fallan, G.
fallen, Icel. Falla, Sw. falla,
Dan. falde, Lith. pulti, L.
fallere to deceive, Gr. sfa`llein to cause
to fall, Skr. sphal, sphul, to tremble. Cf.
Fail, Fell, v. t., to cause to
fall.] 1. To Descend, either suddenly or
gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of gravity; to
drop; to sink; as, the apple falls; the tide
falls; the mercury falls in the
barometer.
I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven.
Luke x. 18.
2. To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a
recumbent posture; to become prostrate; to drop; as, a child
totters and falls; a tree falls; a worshiper
falls on his knees.
I fell at his feet to worship him.
Rev. xix. 10.
3. To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters;
to empty; -- with into; as, the river Rhone
falls into the Mediterranean.
4. To become prostrate and dead; to die;
especially, to die by violence, as in battle.
A thousand shall fall at thy side.
Ps. xci. 7.
He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting,
fell.
Byron.
5. To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to
lose strength; to subside; to become less intense; as, the
wind falls.
6. To issue forth into life; to be brought forth;
-- said of the young of certain animals.
Shak.
7. To decline in power, glory, wealth, or
importance; to become insignificant; to lose rank or position; to
decline in weight, value, price etc.; to become less; as, the
falls; stocks fell two points.
I am a poor falle man, unworthy now
To be thy lord and master.
Shak.
The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell
and vanished.
Sir J. Davies.
8. To be overthrown or captured; to be
destroyed.
Heaven and earth will witness,
If Rome must fall, that we are innocent.
Addison.
9. To descend in character or reputation; to become
degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the
faith; to apostatize; to sin.
Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man
fall after the same example of unbelief.
Heb. iv. 11.
10. To become insnared or embarrassed; to be
entrapped; to be worse off than before; asm to fall
into error; to fall into difficulties.
11. To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to
become or appear dejected; -- said of the countenance.
Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.
Gen. iv. 5.
I have observed of late thy looks are fallen.
Addison.
12. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or
faint; as, our spirits rise and fall with our
fortunes.
13. To pass somewha suddenly, and passively, into a
new state of body or mind; to become; as, to fall
asleep; to fall into a passion; to fall in
love; to fall into temptation.
14. To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to
befall; to issue; to terminate.
The Romans fell on this model by chance.
Swift.
Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will
fall.
Ruth. iii. 18.
They do not make laws, they fall into customs.
H. Spencer.
15. To come; to occur; to arrive.
The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council
fell on the 21st of March, falls now [1694]
about ten days sooner.
Holder.
16. To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to
rush or hurry; as, they fell to blows.
They now no longer doubted, but fell to work heart
and soul.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
17. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot,
distribution, inheritance, or otherwise; as, the estate
fell to his brother; the kingdom fell into the
hands of his rivals.
18. To belong or appertain.
If to her share some female errors fall,
Look on her face, and you'll forget them all.
Pope.
19. To be dropped or uttered carelessly; as, an
unguarded expression fell from his lips; not a murmur
fell from him.
To fall abroad of (Naut.), to
strike against; -- applied to one vessel coming into collision
with another. -- To fall among, to come among
accidentally or unexpectedly. -- To fall astern
(Naut.), to move or be driven backward; to be left
behind; as, a ship falls astern by the force of a
current, or when outsailed by another. -- To fall
away. (a) To lose flesh; to become lean or
emaciated; to pine. (b) To renounce or desert
allegiance; to revolt or rebel. (c) To renounce
or desert the faith; to apostatize. \'bdThese . . . for a while
believe, and in time of temptation fall away.\'b8
Luke viii. 13. (d) To perish; to
vanish; to be lost. \'bdHow . . . can the soul . . . fall
away into nothing?\'b8 Addison. (e)
To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint.
\'bdOne color falls away by just degrees, and another
rises insensibly.\'b8 Addison. -- To fall
back. (a) To recede or retreat; to give
way. (b) To fail of performing a promise or
purpose; not to fulfill. -- To fall back upon.
(a) (Mil.) To retreat for safety to (a
stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body
of troops). (b) To have recourse to (a reserved
fund, or some available expedient or support). -- To
fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm. --
To fall down. (a) To prostrate one's self
in worship. \'bdAll kings shall fall down before
him.\'b8 Ps. lxxii. 11. (b) To sink;
to come to the ground. \'bdDown fell the beauteous
youth.\'b8 Dryden. (c) To bend or bow,
as a suppliant. (d) (Naut.) To sail
or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet. --
To fall flat, to produce no response or result; to
fail of the intended effect; as, his speech fell
flat. -- To fall foul of. (a)
(Naut.) To have a collision with; to become
entangled with (b) To attack; to make an
assault upon. -- To fall from, to recede or
depart from; not to adhere to; as, to fall from an
agreement or engagement; to fall from allegiance or
duty. -- To fall from grace (M. E.
Ch.), to sin; to withdraw from the faith. --
To fall home (Ship Carp.), to curve
inward; -- said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side
which are much within a perpendicular. -- To fall
in. (a) To sink inwards; as, the roof
fell in. (b) (Mil.) To
take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, to fall
in on the right. (c) To come to an end; to
terminate; to lapse; as, on the death of Mr. B., the
annuuity, which he had so long received, fell
in. (d) To become operative. \'bdThe
reversion, to which he had been nominated twenty years before,
fell in.\'b8 Macaulay. -- To fall
into one's hands, to pass, often suddenly or
unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike
cannon when they are likely to fall into the hands of
the enemy. -- To fall in with. (a)
To meet with accidentally; as, to fall in with a
friend. (b) (Naut.) To meet, as a
ship; also, to discover or come near, as land. (c)
To concur with; to agree with; as, the measure falls in
with popular opinion. (d) To comply; to
yield to. \'bdYou will find it difficult to persuade learned men
to fall in with your projects.\'b8
Addison. -- To fall off. (a)
To drop; as, fruits fall off when ripe.
(b) To withdraw; to separate; to become detached;
as, friends fall off in adversity. \'bdLove cools,
friendship falls off, brothers divide.\'b8
Shak. (c) To perish; to die away; as,
words fall off by disuse. (d) To
apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from
allegiance or duty.
Those captive tribes . . . fell off
From God to worship calves.
Milton.
(e) To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers
fell off. (f) To depreciate; to
change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less valuable,
abundant, or interesting; as, a falling off in the
wheat crop; the magazine or the review falls off.
\'bdO Hamlet, what a falling off was there!\'b8
Shak. (g) (Naut.) To
deviate or trend to the leeward of the point to which the head of
the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward. -- To
fall on. (a) To meet with; to light upon; as,
we have fallen on evil days. (b) To
begin suddenly and eagerly. \'bdFall on, and try the
appetite to eat.\'b8 Dryden. (c) To
begin an attack; to assault; to assail. \'bdFall on,
fall on, and hear him not.\'b8 Dryden.
(d) To drop on; to descend on. -- To fall
out. (a) To quarrel; to begin to contend.
A soul exasperated in ills falls out
With everything, its friend, itself.
Addison.
(b) To happen; to befall; to chance. \'bdThere
fell out a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the
mice.\'b8 L'Estrange. (c) (Mil.)
To leave the ranks, as a soldier. -- To fall
over. (a) To revolt; to desert from one side
to another. (b) To fall beyond.
Shak. -- To fall short, to be deficient;
as, the corn falls short; they all fall
short in duty. -- To fall through, to
come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent has fallen
through. -- To fall to, to begin.
\'bdFall to, with eager joy, on homely food.\'b8
Dryden. -- To fall under. (a) To
come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to; as, they
fell under the jurisdiction of the emperor.
(b) To come under; to become the subject of; as,
this point did not fall under the cognizance or
deliberations of the court; these things do not fall
under human sight or observation. (c)
To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be
subordinate to in the way of classification; as, these
substances fall under a different class or
order. -- To fall upon. (a) To
attack. [See To fall on.] (b) To
attempt; to have recourse to. \'bdI do not intend to
fall upon nice disquisitions.\'b8 Holder.
(c) To rush against.
Fall primarily denotes descending motion,
either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and, in most of
its applications, implies, literally or
figuratively, velocity, haste, suddenness, or
violence. Its use is so various, and so mush diversified by
modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in
all its applications.
Fall (?), v. t. 1. To
let fall; to drop. [Obs.]
For every tear he falls, a Trojan bleeds.
Shak.
2. To sink; to depress; as, to fall
the voice. [Obs.]
3. To diminish; to lessen or lower.
[Obs.]
Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you fall
the price of your native commodities.
Locke.
4. To bring forth; as, to fall
lambs. [R.]
Shak.
5. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a
tree. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Fall, n. 1. The act of falling;
a dropping or descending be the force of gravity; descent;
as, a fall from a horse, or from the yard of
ship.
2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect
posture; as, he was walking on ice, and had a
fall.
3. Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin.
They thy fall conspire.
Denham.
Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a
fall.
Prov. xvi. 18.
4. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or
office; termination of greatness, power, or dominion; ruin;
overthrow; as, the fall of the Roman
empire.
Beholds thee glorious only in thy fall.
Pope.
5. The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ;
as, the fall of Sebastopol.
6. Diminution or decrease in price or value;
depreciation; as, the fall of prices; the
fall of rents.
7. A sinking of tone; cadence; as, the
fall of the voice at the close of a sentence.
8. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a
slope.
9. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush
of water down a precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural,
sometimes in the singular; as, the falls of
Niagara.
10. The discharge of a river or current of water
into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; as, the fall
of the Po into the Gulf of Venice.
Addison.
11. Extent of descent; the distance which anything
falls; as, the water of a stream has a fall of five
feet.
12. The season when leaves fall from trees;
autumn.
What crowds of patients the town doctor kills,
Or how, last fall, he raised the weekly bills.
Dryden.
13. That which falls; a falling; as, a
fall of rain; a heavy fall of snow.
14. The act of felling or cutting down.
\'bdThe fall of timber.\'b8
Johnson.
15. Lapse or declinsion from innocence or goodness.
Specifically: The first apostasy; the act of our first parents in
eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious
angels.
16. Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck;
a falling band; a faule.
B. Jonson.
17. That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to
which the power is applied in hoisting.
Fall herring (Zo\'94l.), a herring
of the Atlantic (Clupea mediocris); -- also called
tailor herring, and hickory
shad. -- To try a fall, to try a
bout at wrestling. Shak.
Fal*la"cious (?), a. [L.
fallaciosus, fr. fallacia: cf. F.
fallacieux. See Fallacy.]
Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to
deceive; misleading; delusive; as, fallacious
arguments or reasoning. --
Fal*la"cious*ly, adv.
-Fal*la"cious*ness, n.
<-- p. 540 -->
Fal"la*cy (?), n.; pl.
Fallacies (#). [OE.
fallace, fallas, deception, F.
fallace, fr. L. fallacia, fr.
fallax deceitful, deceptive, fr. fallere to
deceive. See Fail.] 1. Deceptive or
false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or
the mind; deception.
Winning by conquest what the first man lost,
By fallacy surprised.
Milton.
2. (Logic) An argument, or apparent
argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue,
while in reality it is not; a sophism.
Syn. -- Deception; deceit; mistake. --
Fallacy, Sophistry. A fallacy is an
argument which professes to be decisive, but in reality is not;
sophistry is also false reasoning, but of so specious
and subtle a kind as to render it difficult to expose its
fallacy. Many fallacies are obvious, but
the evil of sophistry lies in its consummate art.
\'bdMen are apt to suffer their minds to be misled by
fallacies which gratify their passions. Many persons
have obscured and confounded the nature of things by their
wretched sophistry; though an act be never so sinful,
they will strip it of its guilt.\'b8 South.
Fal"*lals` (?), n.pl. Gay
ornaments; frippery; gewgaws. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Fal"lax (?), n. [L.
fallax deceptive. See Fallacy.]
Cavillation; a caviling. [Obs.]
Cranmer.
Fall"en (?), a. Dropped;
prostrate; degraded; ruined; decreased; dead.
Some ruined temple or fallen monument.
Rogers.
Fal"len*cy (?), n. [LL.
fallentia, L. fallens p.pr of
fallere.] An exception.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Fall"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, falls.
2. (Mach.) A part which acts by falling,
as a stamp in a fulling mill, or the device in a spinning machine
to arrest motion when a thread breaks.
Fall"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water fish of the United
States (Semotilus bullaris); -- called also
silver chub, and Shiner.
The name is also applied to other allied species.
Fal`li*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being fallible; liability to deceive or to be deceived;
as, the fallibity of an argument or of an
adviser.
Fal"li*ble (?), a. [LL.
fallibilis, fr. L. fallere to deceive: cf.
F. faillible. See Fail.] Liable to
fail, mistake, or err; liable to deceive or to be deceived;
as, all men are fallible; our opinions and hopes are
fallible.
Fal"li*bly, adv. In a fallible
manner.
Fall"ing (?), a. & n. from
Fall, v. i.
Falling away, Falling off,
etc. See To fall away, To fall off,
etc., under Fall, v. i. -- Falling
band, the plain, broad, linen collar turning down over
the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th century. --
Falling sickness (Med.), epilepsy.
Shak. -- Falling star.
(Astron.) See Shooting star. --
Falling stone, a stone falling through the
atmosphere; a meteorite; an a\'89rolite. -- Falling
tide, the ebb tide. -- Falling weather,
a rainy season. [Colloq.]
Bartlett.
Fal*lo"pi*an (?), a. [From
Fallopius, or Fallopio, a physician of
Modena, who died in 1562.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or discovered by, Fallopius; as, the
Fallopian tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals which
conduct the ova from the ovaries to the uterus.
Fal"low (?), a. [AS.
fealu, fealo, pale yellow or red; akin to
D. vaal fallow, faded, OHG. falo, G.
falb, fahl, Icel. f\'94lr, and
prob. to Lith. palvas, OSlav. plav/ white, L.
pallidus pale, pallere to be pale, Gr.
////// gray, Skr. palita. Cf.
Pale, Favel, a.,
Favor.] 1. Pale red or pale yellow;
as, a fallow deer or greyhound.
Shak.
2. [Cf. Fallow, n.]
Left untilled or unsowed after plowing; uncultivated;
as, fallow ground.
Fallow chat, Fallow finch
(Zo\'94l.), a small European bird, the wheatear
(Saxicola \'91nanthe). See
Wheatear.
Fal"low, n. [So called from the
fallow, or somewhat yellow, color of naked ground; or
perh. akin to E. felly, n., cf. MHG.
valgen to plow up, OHG. felga felly,
harrow.] 1. Plowed land.
[Obs.]
Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the
fallows.
Chaucer.
2. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or
unseeded; land plowed without being sowed for the season.
The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land.
Mortimer.
3. The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing
it for a season; as, summer fallow, properly
conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying
weeds.
Be a complete summer fallow, land is rendered
tender and mellow. The fallow gives it a better tilth
than can be given by a fallow crop.
Sinclair.
Fallow crop, the crop taken from a green
fallow. [Eng.] -- Green
fallow, fallow whereby land is rendered mellow
and clean from weeds, by cultivating some green crop, as turnips,
potatoes, etc. [Eng.]
Fal"low (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fallowed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fallowing.] [From Fallow,
n.] To plow, harrow, and break up, as land,
without seeding, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects,
and rendering it mellow; as, it is profitable to
fallow cold, strong, clayey land.
Fal"low deer` (?). [So called from its
fallow or pale yellow color.]
(Zo\'94l.) A European species of deer
(Cervus dama), much smaller than the red deer. In
summer both sexes are spotted with white. It is common in
England, where it is often domesticated in the parks.
Fal"low*ist (?), n. One who
favors the practice of fallowing land. [R.]
Sinclair.
Fal"low*ness, n. A well or opening,
through the successive floors of a warehouse or manufactory,
through which goods are raised or lowered.
[U.S.]
Bartlett.
Fal"sa*ry (?), n. [L.
falsarius, fr. falsus. See False,
a.] A falsifier of evidence.
[Obs.]
Sheldon.
False (?), a.
[Compar. Falser (?);
superl. Falsest.] [L.
falsus, p.p. of fallere to deceive; cf. OF.
faus, fals, F. faux, and AS.
fals fraud. See Fail, Fall.]
1. Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to
deceit; dishnest; as, a false witness.
2. Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations,
allegiance, vows, etc.; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; as,
a false friend, lover, or subject; false to
promises.
I to myself was false, ere thou to me.
Milton.
3. Not according with truth or reality; not true;
fitted or likely to deceive or disappoint; as, a
false statement.
4. Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to
deceive; counterfeit; hypocritical; as, false tears;
false modesty; false colors; false
jewelry.
False face must hide what the false heart doth
know.
Shak.
5. Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy;
erroneous; as, a false claim; a false
conclusion; a false construction in grammar.
Whose false foundation waves have swept away.
Spenser.
6. Not essential or permanent, as parts of a
structure which are temporary or supplemental.
7. (Mus.) Not in tune.
False arch (Arch.), a member having
the appearance of an arch, though not of arch construction.
-- False attic, an architectural erection above
the main cornice, concealing a roof, but not having windows or
inclosing rooms. -- False bearing, any
bearing which is not directly upon a vertical support; thus, the
weight carried by a corbel has a false bearing. --
False cadence, an imperfect or interrupted
cadence. -- False conception (Med.),
an abnormal conception in which a mole, or misshapen fleshy
mass, is produced instead of a properly organized fetus. --
False croup (Med.), a spasmodic
affection of the larynx attended with the symptoms of membranous
croup, but unassociated with the deposit of a fibrinous
membrane. -- False door (Arch.), the representation of
a door or window, inserted to complete a series of doors or
windows or to give symmetry. -- False fire, a
combustible carried by vessels of war, chiefly for signaling, but
sometimes burned for the purpose of deceiving an enemy; also, a
light on shore for decoying a vessel to destruction. --
False galena. See Blende. --
False imprisonment (Law), the arrest
and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or
contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a person in
custody. -- False keel (Naut.),
the timber below the main keel, used to serve both as a
protection and to increase the shio's lateral resistance. --
False key, a picklock. -- False
leg. (Zo\'94l.) See Proleg. --
False membrane (Med.), the fibrinous
deposit formed in croup and diphtheria, and resembling in
appearance an animal membrane. -- False papers
(Naut.), documents carried by a ship giving false
representations respecting her cargo, destination, ect., for the
purpose of deceiving. -- False passage
(Surg.), an unnatural passage leading off from a
natural canal, such as the urethra, and produced usually by the
unskillful introduction of instruments. -- False
personation (Law), the intentional false
assumption of the name and personality of another. --
False pretenses (Law), false
representations concerning past or present facts and events, for
the purpose of defrauding another. -- False rail
(Naut.), a thin piece of timber placed on top of
the head rail to strengthen it. -- False relation
(Mus.), a progression in harmony, in which a
certain note in a chord appears in the next chord prefixed by a
flat or sharp. -- False return (Law),
an untrue return made to a process by the officer to whom it
was delivered for execution. -- False ribs
(Anat.), the asternal rebs, of which there are
five pairs in man. -- False roof
(Arch.), the space between the upper ceiling and
the roof. Oxford Gloss. -- False token,
a false mark or other symbol, used for fraudulent
purposes. -- False scorpion
(Zo\'94l.), any arachnid of the genus
Chelifer. See Book scorpion. --
False tack (Naut.), a coming up into
the wind and filling away again on the same tack. --
False vampire (Zo\'94l.), the
Vampyrus spectrum of South America, formerly
erroneously supposed to have blood-sucking habits; -- called also
vampire, and ghost vampire.
The genuine blood-sucking bats belong to the genera
Desmodus and Diphylla. See
Vampire. -- False window.
(Arch.) See False door, above.
-- False wing. (Zo\'94l.) See
Alula, and Bastard wing, under
Bastard. -- False works (Civil
Engin.), construction works to facilitate the erection
of the main work, as scaffolding, bridge centering,
etc.
False, adv. Not truly; not honestly;
falsely. \'bdYou play me false.\'b8
Shak.
False, v. t. [L. falsare to
falsify, fr. falsus: cf. F. fausser. See
False, a.] 1. To report
falsely; to falsify. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To betray; to falsify. [Obs.]
[He] hath his truthe falsed in this wise.
Chaucer.
3. To mislead by want of truth; to deceive.
[Obs.]
In his falsed fancy.
Spenser.
4. To feign; to pretend to make.
[Obs.] \'bdAnd falsed oft his blows.\'b8
Spenser.
False"-faced` (?), a.
Hypocritical.
Shak.
False"-heart` (?), a.
False-hearted.
Shak.
False"-heart`ed, a. Hollow or unsound at
the core; treacherous; deceitful; perfidious.
Bacon. -- False"*heart`ed*ness,
n. Bp. Stillingfleet.
False"hood (?), n.
[False + -hood] 1.
Want of truth or accuracy; an untrue assertion or
representation; error; misrepresentation; falsity.
Though it be a lie in the clock, it is but a
falsehood in the hand of the dial when pointing at a
wrong hour, if rightly following the direction of the wheel which
moveth it.
Fuller.
2. A deliberate intentional assertion of what is
known to be untrue; a departure from moral integrity; a
lie.
3. Treachery; deceit; perfidy;
unfaithfulness.
Betrayed by falsehood of his guard.
Shak.
4. A counterfeit; a false appearance; an
imposture.
For his molten image is falsehood.
Jer. x. 14.
No falsehood can endure
Touch of celestial temper.
Milton.
Syn. -- Falsity; lie; untruth; fiction; fabrication. See
Falsity.
False"ly (?), adv. In a false
manner; erroneously; not truly; perfidiously or
treacherously. \'bdO falsely, falsely
murdered.\'b8
Shak.
Oppositions of science, falsely so called.
1 Tim. vi. 20.
Will ye steal, murder . . . and swear falsely ?
Jer. vii. 9.
False"ness, n. The state of being false;
contrariety to the fact; inaccuracy; want of integrity or
uprightness; double dealing; unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy;
as, the falseness of a report, a drawing, or a
singer's notes; the falseness of a man, or of his
word.
Fals"er (?), n. A
deceiver. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fal*set"to (?), n.; pl.
Falsettos (#). [It.
falsetto, dim. fr. L. falsus. See
False.] A false or artificial voice; that
voice in a man which lies above his natural voice; the male
counter tenor or alto voice. See Head voice, under
Voice.
\'d8Fal"si*cri"men (?). [L.]
(Civ. Law) The crime of falsifying.
Burrill. Greenleaf.
Fal"si*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
OF. falsifiable.] Capable of being
falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted.
Johnson.
Fal`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. falsification.] 1. The act of
falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a
thing an appearance of something which it is not.
To counterfeit the living image of king in his person
exceedeth all falsifications.
Bacon.
2. Willful misstatement or misrepresentation.
Extreme necessity . . . forced him upon this bold and violent
falsification of the doctrine of the alliance.
Bp. Warburton.
3. (Equity) The showing an item of
charge in an account to be wrong.
Story.
Fal"si*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [Cf.
F. falsificateur.] A falsifier.
Bp. Morton.
Fal"si*fi`er (?), n. One who
falsifies, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance; a
liar.
Fal"si*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Falsified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Falsifying.] [L. falsus
false + -ly: cf. F. falsifier. See
False, a.] 1. To make
false; to represent falsely.
The Irish bards use to forge and falsify everything
as they list, to please or displease any man.
Spenser.
2. To counterfeit; to forge; as, to
falsify coin.
3. To prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to
confute; to disprove; to nullify; to make to appear false.
By how much better than my word I am,
By so much shall I falsify men's hope.
Shak.
Jews and Pagans united all their endeavors, under Julian the
apostate, to baffie and falsify the prediction.
Addison.
4. To violate; to break by falsehood; as, to
falsify one's faith or word.
Sir P. Sidney.
5. To baffie or escape; as, to falsify
a blow.
Bulter.
6. (Law) To avoid or defeat; to prove
false, as a judgment.
Blackstone.
7. (Equity) To show, in accounting, (an
inem of charge inserted in an account) to be wrong.
Story. Daniell.
8. To make false by multilation or addition; to
tamper with; as, to falsify a record or
document.
Fal"si*fy, v. i. To tell lies; to
violate the truth.
It is absolutely and universally unlawful to lie and
falsify.
South.
Fals"ism (?), n. That which is
evidently false; an assertion or statement the falsity of which
is plainly apparent; -- opposed to truism.
Fal"si*ty (?), n.;pl.
Falsities (#). [L.
falsitas: cf. F. fausset\'82, OF. also,
falsit\'82. See False, a.]
1. The quality of being false; coutrariety or want
of conformity to truth.
Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth
or falsity of things.
South.
2. That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false
assertion.
Men often swallow falsities for truths.
Sir T. Brown.
Syn. -- Falsehood; lie; deceit. --
Falsity, Falsehood, Lie.
Falsity denotes the state or quality of being false. A
falsehood is a false declaration designedly made. A
lie is a gross, unblushing falsehood. The
falsity of a person's assertion may be proved by the
evidence of others and thus the charge of falsehood be
fastened upon him.
Fal"ter (?), v. t. To thrash in
the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Fal"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Faltered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Faltering.] [OE.
falteren, faltren, prob. from
fault. See Fault, v. &
n.] 1. To hesitate; to speak
brokenly or weakly; to stammer; as, his tongue
falters.
With faltering speech and visage incomposed.
Milton.
2. To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady.
\'bdHe found his legs falter.\'b8
Wiseman.
3. To hesitate in purpose or action.
Ere her native king
Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms.
Shak.
4. To fail in distinctness or regularity of
exercise; -- said of the mind or of thought.
Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and
distance falters.
I. Taylor.
Fal"ter, v. t. To utter with hesitation,
or in a broken, trembling, or weak manner.
And here he faltered forth his last farewell.
Byron.
Mde me most happy, faltering \'bdI am
thine.\'b8
Tennyson.
<-- p. 541 -->
Fal"ter (?), n. [See
Falter, v. i.] Hesitation;
trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken sound; as, a
slight falter in her voice.
The falter of an idle shepherd's pipe.
Lowell.
Fal"ter*ing, a. Hesitating;
trembling. \'bdWith faltering speech.\'b8
Milton. -- n. Falter; halting;
hesitation. -- Fal"ter*ing*ly,
adv.
\'d8Fa`luns" (?), n. [F.]
(Geol.) A series of strata, of the Middle
Tertiary period, of France, abounding in shells, and used by
Lyell as the type of his Miocene subdivision.
Fal"we (?), a. & n.
Fallow. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Falx (?), n. [L., a
sickle.] (Anat.) A curved fold or process
of the dura mater or the peritoneum; esp., one of the
partitionlike folds of the dura mater which extend into the great
fissures of the brain.
Fam"ble (?), v. i. [OE.
falmelen; cf. SW. famla to grope, Dan.
famle to grope, falter, hesitate, Isel.
f\'belma to grope. Cf. Famble.] To
stammer. [Obs.]
Nares.
Fam"ble, n. [Cf. Famble,
v.] A hand [Slang &
Obs.] \'bdWe clap our fambles.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Fame (?), n. [OF.
fame, L. fama, fr. fari to
speak, akin to Gr. //// a saying, report, /////
to speak. See Ban, and cf. Fable,
Fate, Euphony, Blame.]
1. Public report or rumor.
The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house.
Gen. xlv. 16.
2. Report or opinion generally diffused; renown;
public estimation; celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable;
as, the fame of Washington.
I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited.
Shak.
Syn. -- Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.
Fame, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Famed (?),; p. pr. & vb. n.
Faming.] 1. To report widely
or honorably.
The field where thou art famed
To have wrought such wonders.
Milton.
2. To make famous or renowned.
Those Hesperian gardens famed of old.
Milton.
Fame"less, a. Without fame or
renown. -- Fame"less*ly,
adv.
Fa*mil`iar (?), a. [OE.
familer, familier, F. familier,
fr. L. familiaris, fr. familia family. See
Family.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
family; domestic. \'bdFamiliar feuds.\'b8
Byron.
2. Closely acquainted or intimate, as a friend or
companion; well versed in, as any subject of study; as,
familiar with the Scriptures.
3. Characterized by, or exhibiting, the manner of
an intimate friend; not formal; unconstrained; easy;
accessible. \'bdIn loose, familiar strains.\'b8
Addison.
Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.
Shak.
4. Well known; well understood; common; frequent;
as, a familiar illustration.
That war, or peace, or both at once, may be
As things acquainted and familiar to us.
Shak.
There is nothing more familiar than this.
Locke.
5. Improperly acquainted; wrongly intimate.
Camden.
Familiar spirit, a demon or evil spirit
supposed to attend at call.
1 Sam. xxviii. 3, 7-9.
Fa*mil"iar, n. 1. An intimate;
a companion.
All my familiars watched for my halting.
Jer. xx. 10.
2. An attendant demon or evil spirit.
Shak.
3. (Court of Inquisition) A confidential
officer employed in the service of the tribunal, especially in
apprehending and imprisoning the accused.
Fa*mil`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Familiarities (#). [OE.
familarite, F. familiarit\'82fr. L.
faniliaritas. See Familiar.]
1. The state of being familiar; intimate and
frequent converse, or association; unconstrained intercourse;
freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy; as, to live
in remarkable familiarity.
2. Anything said or done by one person to another
unceremoniously and without constraint; esp., in the
pl., such actions and words as propriety and
courtesy do not warrant; liberties.
Syn. -- Acquaintance; fellowship; affability; intimacy. See
Acquaintance.
Fa*mil`iar*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of making familiar; the result of
becoming familiar; as, familiarization with scenes
of blood.
Fa*mil"iar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Familiarized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Familiarizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
familiariser.] 1. To make familiar
or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known by
practice or converse; as, to familiarize one's self
with scenes of distress.
2. To make acquainted, or skilled, by practice or
study; as, to familiarize one's self with a
business, a book, or a science.
Fa"mil"iar*ly, adv. In a familiar
manner.
Fa*mil"iar*ness, n. Familiarity.
[R.]
Fa*mil"ia*ry (?), a. [L.
familiaris. See Familiar.] Of or
pertaining to a family or household; domestic.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Fam"i*lism (?), n. The tenets
of the Familists.
Milton.
Fam"i*list (?), n. [From
Family.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of
afanatical Antinomian sect originating in Holland, and existing
in England about 1580, called the Family of Love, who
held that religion consists wholly in love.
Fam"i*lis*ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Familisteries (/). [F.
familist\'8are.] A community in which many
persons unite as in one family, and are regulated by certain
communistic laws and customs.
{ Fam`i*listic (?),
Fam`i*lis"tic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to Familists.
Baxter.
Fam"i*ly (?), n.; pl.
Families (#). [L.
familia, fr. famulus servant; akin to Oscan
famel servant, cf. faamat he dwells, Skr.
dh\'beman house, fr. dh\'beto set, make,
do: cf. F. famille. Cf. Do, v. t.,
Doom, Fact, Feat.] 1.
The collective body of persons who live in one house, and
under one head or manager; a household, including parents,
children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or
boarders.
2. The group comprising a husband and wife and
their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the
organization of society.
The welfare of the family underlies the welfare of
society.
H. Spencer.
3. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a
tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; as, the human
family; the family of Abraham; the father of a
family.
Go ! and pretennd your family is young.
Pope.
4. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors;
lineage.
5. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock;
as, a man of family.
6. A groupe of kindred or closely related
individuals; as, a family of languages; a
family of States; the chlorine
family.
7. (Biol.) A groupe of organisms, either
animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in
structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus,
because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of
likeness. In zo\'94logy a family is less comprehesive than an
order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an
order.
Family circle. See under Circle.
-- Family man. (a) A man who has a
family; esp., one who has a wife and children living with him
andd dependent upon him. (b) A man of domestic
habits. \'bdThe Jews are generally, when married, most exemplary
family men.\'b8 Mayhew. --
Family of curves
(Geom.), a group of curves or surfaces derived
from a single equation. -- In a family way,
like one belonging to the family. \'bdWhy don't we ask him
and his ladies to come over in a family way, and dine
with some other plain country gentlefolks?\'b8
Thackeray. -- In the family way,
pregnant. [Colloq.]
Fam"ine (?), n. [F.
famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr.
///// want, need, Skr. h\'beni loss, lack,
h\'be to leave.] General scarcity of food;
dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. \'bdWorn with
famine.\'b8
Milton.
There was a famine in the land.
Gen. xxvi. 1.
Famine fever (Med.), typhus
fever.
Fam"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Famished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Famishing.] [OE. famen; cf.
OF. afamer, L. fames. See Famine,
and cf. Affamish.] 1. To starve,
kill, or destroy with hunger.
Shak.
2. To exhaust the strength or endurance of, by
hunger; to distress with hanger.
And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the
people cried to Pharaoh for bread.
Cen. xli. 55.
The pains of famished Tantalus he'll feel.
Dryden.
3. To kill, or to cause to suffer extremity, by
deprivation or denial of anything necessary.
And famish him of breath, if not of bread.
Milton.
4. To force or constrain by famine.
He had famished Paris into a surrender.
Burke.
Fam"ish, v. i. 1. To die of
hunger; to starve.
2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst, so as to be
exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish.
You are all resolved rather to die than to
famish?
Shak.
3. To suffer extremity from deprivation of anything
essential or necessary.
The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to
famish.
Prov. x. 3.
Fam"ish*ment (?), n. State of
being famished.
Fa*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L.
famositas infamy: cf. F. famosit\'82. See
Famous.] The state or quality of being
famous. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Fa"mous (?), a. [L.
famosus, fr. fama fame: cf. F.
fameux. See Fame.] Celebrated in
fame or public report; renowned; mach talked of; distinguished in
story; -- used in either a good or a bad sense, chiefly the
former; often followed by for; as, famous
for erudition, for eloquence, for military skill; a
famous pirate.
Famous for a scolding tongue.
Shak.
Syn. -- Noted; remarkable; signal; conspicuous; celebrated;
renowned; illustrious; eminent; transcendent; excellent.
-- Famous, Renowned,
Illustrious. Famous is applied to a person or
thing widely spoken of as extraordinary; renowned is
applied to those who are named again and again with honor;
illustrious, to those who have dazzled the world by
the splendor of their deeds or their virtues. See
Distinguished.
Fa"moused (?), a.
Renowned. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fa"mous*ly (?), adv. In a
famous manner; in a distinguished degree; greatly;
splendidly.
Then this land was famously enriched
With politic grave counsel.
Shak.
Fa"mous*ness, n. The state of being
famous.
Fam"u*lar (?), n. [Cf. L.
famularis of servants.] Domestic;
familiar. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fam"u*late (?), v. i. [L.
famulatus, p.p. of famulari to serve, fr.
famulus servant.] To serve.
[Obs.]
Fam"u*list (?), n. [L.
famulus servant.] A collegian of inferior
rank or position, corresponding to the sizar at
Cambridge. [Oxford Univ., Eng.]
Fan (?), n. [AS.
fann, fr. L. vannus fan, van for winnowing
grain; cf. F. van. Cf. Van a winnowing
machine, Winnow.] 1. An instrument
used for producing artificial currents of air, by the wafting or
revolving motion of a broad surface; as: (a)
An instrument for cooling the person, made of feathers,
paper, silk, etc., and often mounted on sticks all turning about
the same pivot, so as when opened to radiate from the center and
assume the figure of a section of a circle. (b)
(Mach.) Any revolving vane or vanes used for
producing currents of air, in winnowing grain, blowing a fire,
ventilation, etc., or for checking rapid motion by the resistance
of the air; a fan blower; a fan wheel. (c) An
instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is
tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown
away. (d) Something in the form of a fan when
spread, as a peacock's tail, a window, etc. (e)
A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a
smock windmill always in the direction of the wind.
Clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and
with the fan.
Is. xxx. 24.
2. That which produces effects analogous to those
of a fan, as in exciting a flame, etc.; that which inflames,
heightens, or strengthens; as, it served as a fan to
the flame of his passion.
3. A quintain; -- from its form.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fan blower, a wheel with vanes fixed on a
rotating shaft inclosed in a case or chamber, to create a blast
of air (fan blast) for forge purposes, or a current for
draft and ventilation; a fanner. -- Fan cricket
(Zo\'94l.), a mole cricket. -- Fan
light (Arch.), a window over a door; -- so
called from the semicircular form and radiating sash bars of
those windows which are set in the circular heads of arched
doorways. -- Fan shell (Zo\'94l.),
any shell of the family Pectinid\'91. See
Scallop, n., 1. -- Fan
tracery (Arch.), the decorative tracery on
the surface of fan vaulting. -- Fan vaulting
(Arch.), an elaborate system of vaulting, in which
the ribs diverge somewhat like the rays of a fan, as in Henry
VII.'s chapel in Westminster Abbey. It is peculiar to English
Gothic. -- Fan wheel, the wheel of a fan
blower. -- Fan window. Same as Fan
light (above).
Fan (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Fanned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fanning (?).] [Cf.
OF. vanner, L. vannere. See Fan,
n., Van a winnowing machine.]
1. To move as with a fan.
The air . . . fanned with unnumbered plumes.
Milton.
2. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a
fan; to blow the air on the face of with a fan.
3. To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put
in motion.
Calm as the breath which fans our eastern
groves.
Dryden.
4. To winnow; to separate chaff from, and drive it
away by a current of air; as, to fan
wheat.
Jer. li. 2.
5. To excite or stir up to activity, as a fan
axcites a flame; to stimulate; as, this conduct
fanned the excitement of the populace.
Fanning machine, Fanning
mill, a machine for separating seed from chaff,
etc., by a blast of air; a fanner.
\'d8Fa`nal" (?), n. [F.]
A lighthouse, or the apparatus placed in it for giving
light.
Fa*nat"ic (?), a. [L.
fanaticus inspired by divinity, enthusiastic, frantic,
fr. fanum fane: cf. F. fanatique. See
Fane.] Pertaining to, or indicating,
fanaticism; extravagant in opinions; ultra; unreasonable;
excessively enthusiastic, especially on religious subjects;
as, fanatic zeal; fanatic
notions.
But Faith, fanatic Faith, once wedded fast
To some dear falsehood, hugs it to the last.
T. Moore.
Fa*nat"ic, n. A person affected by
excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects; one who
indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion.
There is a new word, coined within few months, called
fanatics, which, by the close stickling thereof,
seemeth well cut out and proportioned to signify what is meant
thereby, even the sectaries of our age.
Fuller (1660).
Fanatics are governed rather by imagination than by
judgment.
Stowe.
Fa*nat"ic*al (?), a.
Characteristic of, or relating to, fanaticism;
fanatic. -Fa*nat"ic*al*ly,
adv. -- Fa*nat"ic*al*ness,
n.
Fa*nat"i*cism (?), n. [Cf.
Fanatism.] Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning
zeal, or wild and extravagant notions, on any subject, especially
religion; religious frenzy.<-- and politics, terrorism -->
Syn. -- See Superstition.
Fa*nat"i*cize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fanaticized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fanaticizing
(?).] To cause to become a
fanatic.
Fan"a*tism (?), n. [Cf. F.
fanatisme. Cf. Fanaticism.]
Fanaticism. [R.]
Gibbon.
Fan"cied (?), a. [From
Fancy, v. t.] Formed or conceived
by the fancy; unreal; as, a fancied
wrong.
Fan"ci*er (?), n. 1.
One who is governed by fancy. \'bdNot reasoners, but
fanciers.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. One who fancies or has a special liking for, or
interest in, a particular object or class or objects; hence, one
who breeds and keeps for sale birds and animals; as, bird
fancier, dog fancier, etc.
Fan"ci*ful (?), a. 1.
Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by reason and
experience; whimsical; as, a fanciful man forms
visionary projects.
2. Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with
facts or reason; abounding in ideal qualities or figures; as,
a fanciful scheme; a fanciful
theory.
3. Curiously shaped or constructed; as, she
wore a fanciful headdress.
Gather up all fancifullest shells.
Keats.
Syn. -- Imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious;
chimerical; whimsical; fantastical; wild. --
Fanciful, Fantastical, Visionary. We
speak of that as fanciful which is irregular in taste
and judgment; we speak of it as fantastical when it
becomes grotesque and extravagant as well as irregular; we speak
of it as visionary when it is wholly unfounded in the
nature of things. Fanciful notions are the product of
a heated fancy, without any tems are made up of oddly assorted
fancies, aften of the most whimsical kind; visionary
expectations are those which can never be realized in
fact.
-- Fan"ci*ful*ly, adv.
-Fan"ci*ful*ness, n.
<-- p. 542 -->
Fan"*ci*less (?), a. Having no
fancy; without ideas or imagination. [R.]
A pert or bluff important wight,
Whose brain is fanciless, whose blood is white.
Armstrong.
Fan"cy (?), n.; pl.
Fancies (#). [Contr. fr.
fantasy, OF. fantasie,
fantaisie, F. fantaisie, L.
phantasia, fr. Gr. ////////
appearance, imagination, the power of perception and presentation
in the mind, fr. //////// to make visible, to
place before one's mind, fr. /////// to show; akin
to ////, ///, light, Skr. bh\'beto
shine. Cf. Fantasy, Fantasia,
Epiphany, Phantom.] 1. The
faculty by which the mind forms an image or a representation of
anything perceived before; the power of combining and modifying
such objects into new pictures or images; the power of readily
and happily creating and recalling such objects for the purpose
of amusement, wit, or embellishment; imagination.
In the soul
Are many lesser faculties, that serve
Reason as chief. Among these fancy next
Her office holds.
Milton.
2. An image or representation of anything formed in
the mind; conception; thought; idea; conceit.
How now, my lord ! why do you keep alone,
Of sorriest fancies your companoins making ?
Shak.
3. An opinion or notion formed without much
reflection; caprice; whim; impression.
I have always had a fancy that learning might be
made a play and recreation to children.
Locke.
4. Inclination; liking, formed by caprice rather
than reason; as, to strike one's fancy; hence,
the object of inclination or liking.
To fit your fancies to your father's will.
Shak.
5. That which pleases or entertains the taste or
caprice without much use or value.
London pride is a pretty fancy for borders.
Mortimer.
6. A sort of love song or light impromptu
ballad. [Obs.]
Shak.
The fancy, all of a class who exhibit and
cultivate any peculiar taste or fancy; hence, especially,
sporting characters taken collectively, or any specific class of
them, as jockeys, gamblers, prize fighters, etc.
At a great book sale in London, which had congregated all
the fancy.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- Imagination; conceit; taste; humor; inclination;
whim; liking. See Imagination.
Fan"cy, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fancied (?), p. pr. & vb.
n. Fancying (/).]
1. To figure to one's self; to believe or imagine
something without proof.
If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor,
we rather fancy than know.
Locke.
2. To love. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fan"cy, v. t. 1. To form a
conception of; to portray in the mind; to imagine.
He whom I fancy, but can ne'er express.
Dryden.
2. To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased
with, particularly on account of external appearance or
manners. \'bdWe fancy not the cardinal.\'b8
Shak.
3. To believe without sufficient evidence; to
imagine (something which is unreal).
He fancied he was welcome, because those arounde
him were his kinsmen.
Thackeray.
Fan"cy, a. 1. Adapted to please
the fancy or taste; ornamental; as, fancy
goods.
2. Extravagant; above real value.
This anxiety never degenerated into a monomania, like that
which led his [Frederick the Great's] father to pay
fancy prices for giants.
Macaulay.
Fancy ball, a ball in which porsons appear in
fanciful dresses in imitation of the costumes of different
persons and nations. -- Fancy fair, a fair at
which articles of fancy and ornament are sold, generally for some
charitable purpose. -- Fancy goods, fabrics
of various colors, patterns, etc., as ribbons, silks, laces,
etc., in distinction from those of a simple or plain color or
make. -- Fancy line (Naut.), a
line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff; -- used to haul
it down. Fancy roller (Carding
Machine), a clothed cylinder (usually having straight
teeth) in front of the doffer. -- Fancy stocks,
a species of stocks which afford great opportunity for stock
gambling, since they have no intrinsic value, and the
fluctuations in their prices are artificial. -- Fancy
store, one where articles of fancy and ornament are
sold. -- Fancy woods, the more rare and
expensive furniture woods, as mahogany, satinwood, rosewood,
etc.
Fan"cy-free` (?), a. Free from
the power of love. \'bdIn maiden meditation,
fancy-free.\'b8
Shak.
Fan"cy*mon`ger (?), n. A
lovemonger; a whimsical lover. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fan"cy-sick` (?), a.
Love-sick.
Shak.
Fan"cy*work` (?), n. Ornamental
work with a needle or hook, as embroidery, crocheting, netting,
etc.
Fand (?), obs.
imp. of Find.
Spenser.
Fan*dan"go (?), n.; pl.
Fandangoes (#). [Sp. A name
brought, together with the dance, from the West Indies to
Spain.] 1. A lively dance, in 3-8 or 6-8
time, much practiced in Spain and Spanish America. Also, the tune
to which it is danced.
2. A ball or general dance, as in Mexico.
[Colloq.]
Fane (?), n. [L.
fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary,
fr. fari to speak. See Fame.] A
temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church.
[Poet.]
Such to this British Isle, her Christian fanes.
Wordsworth.
Fane, n. [See Vane.]
A weathercock. [Obs.]
\'d8Fa*ne"ga (?), n.
[Sp.] A dry measure in Spain and Spanish America,
varying from 1/ to 2/ bushels; also, a measure of land.
De Colange.
Fan"fare` (?), n. [F. Cf.
Fanfaron.] A flourish of trumpets, as in
coming into the lists, etc.; also, a short and lively air
performed on hunting horns during the chase.
The fanfare announcing the arrival of the various
Christian princes.
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Fan"fa*ron (?), n. [F., fr.
Sp. fanfarron; cf. It. fanfano, and OSp.
fanfa swaggering, boasting, also Ar.
farf\'ber talkative.] A bully; a hector; a
swaggerer; an empty boaster. [R.]
Dryden.
Fan*far`on*ade" (?), n. [F.
fanfaronnade, fr. Sp. fanfarronada. See
Fanfaron.] A swaggering; vain boasting;
ostentation; a bluster.
Swift.
Fan"foot` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A species of gecko having
the toes expanded into large lobes for adhesion. The Egyptian
fanfoot (Phyodactylus gecko) is believed, by the
natives, to have venomous toes. (b) Any moth
of the genus Polypogon.
Fang (?), v. t. [OE.
fangen, fongen, fon
(g orig. only in p.p. and imp. tense), AS.
f/n; akin to D. vangen, OHG.
f\'behan, G. fahen, fangen,
Isel. f\'be, Sw. f/, f/nga,
Dan. fange, faae, Goth. fahan,
and prob. to E. fair, peace,
pact. Cf. Fair, a.]
1. To catch; to seize, as with the teeth; to lay
hold of; to gripe; to clutch. [Obs.]
Shak.
He's in the law's clutches; you see he's
fanged.
J. Webster.
2. To enable to catch or tear; to furnish with
fangs. \'bdChariots fanged with scythes.\'b8
Philips.
Fang, n. [From Fang, v.
t.; cf. AS. fang a taking, booty, G.
fang.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The tusk of an animal, by which the
prey is seized and held or torn; a long pointed tooth; esp., one
of the usually erectile, venomous teeth of serpents. Also, one of
the falcers of a spider.
Since I am a dog, beware my fangs.
Shak.
2. Any shoot or other thing by which hold is
taken.
The protuberant fangs of the yucca.
Evelyn.
3. (Anat.) The root, or one of the
branches of the root, of a tooth. See Tooth.
4. (Mining) A niche in the side of an
adit or shaft, for an air course.
Knight.
5. (Mech.) A projecting tooth or prong,
as in a part of a lock, or the plate of a belt clamp, or the end
of a tool, as a chisel, where it enters the handle.
6. (Naut.) (a) The valve of a
pump box. (b) A bend or loop of a rope.
In a fang, fast entangled. -- To
lose the fang, said of a pump when the water has gone
out; hence: To fang a pump, to supply it with
the water necessary to make it operate.
[Scot.]
Fanged (?), a. Having fangs or
tusks; as, a fanged adder. Also used
figuratively.
Fan"gle (?), n. [From
Fang, v. t.; hence, prop., a taking up a new
thing.] Something new-fashioned; a foolish innovation;
a gewgaw; a trifling ornament.
Fan"gle, v. t. To fashion.
[Obs.]
To control and new fangle the Scripture.
Milton.
Fan"gled (?), a. New made;
hence, gaudy; showy; vainly decorated. [Obs., except with
the prefix new.] See Newfangled.
\'bdOur fangled world.\'b8
Shak.
Fan"gle*ness (?), n. Quality of
being fangled. [Obs.]
He them in new fangleness did pass.
Spenser.
Fang"less (?), a. Destitute of
fangs or tusks. \'bdA fangless lion.\'b8
Shak.
Fan"got (?), n. [Cf. It.
fagotto, fangotto, a bundle. Cf.
Fagot.] A quantity of wares, as raw silk,
etc., from one hundred weight.
Fan"ion (?), n. [See
Fanon.] 1. (Mil.) A small
flag sometimes carried at the head of the baggage of a
brigade. [Obs.]
2. A small flag for marking the stations in
surveying.
Fan"like` (?), a. Resembling a
fan; -- specifically (Bot.), folded up like a fan, as
certain leaves; plicate.
Fan"nel (?), n. [Dim., from
same source as fanon.] Same as
Fanon.
Fan"ner (?), n. 1. One
who fans.
Jer. li. 2.
2. A fan wheel; a fan blower. See under
Fan.
Fan"*nerved` (?), a. (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Having the nerves or veins arranged in a
radiating manner; -- said of certain leaves, and of the winfs of
some insects.
Fan"on (?), n. [F.
fanon, LL. fano, fr. OHG. fano
banner cloth, G. fahne banner. See Vane, and
cf. Fanion, Confalon.] (Eccl.)
A term applied to various articles, as: (a) A
peculiar striped scarf worn by the pope at mass, and by eastern
bishops. (b) A maniple. [Written also
fannel, phanon, etc.]
Fan" palm` (?). (Bot.) Any palm
tree having fan-shaped or radiate leaves; as the
Cham\'91rops humilis of Southern Europe; the species
of Sabal and Thrinax in the West Indies,
Florida, etc.; and especially the great talipot tree
(Corypha umbraculifera) of Ceylon and Malaya. The
leaves of the latter are often eighteen feet long and fourteen
wide, and are used for umbrellas, tents, and roofs. When cut up,
they are used for books and manuscripts.
Fan"tail` (?), n. (Zool.)
(a) A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called
from the shape of the tail. (b) Any bird of
the Australian genus Rhipidura, in which the tail is
spread in the form of a fan during flight. They belong to the
family of flycatchers.
Fan"-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having an expanded, or fan-shaped,
tail; as, the fan-tailed pigeon.
Fan*ta"si*a (?), n. [It. See
Fancy.] (Mus.) A continuous
composition, not divided into what are called movements, or
governed by the ordinary rules of musical design, but in which
the author's fancy roves unrestricted by set form.
Fan"ta*sied (?), a. [From
Fantasy.] Filled with fancies or
imaginations. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fan"tasm (?), n. [See
Phantasm, Fancy.] Same as
Phantasm.
Fan"tast (?), n. One whose
manners or ideas are fantastic. [R.]
Coleridge.
Fan*tas"tic (?), a. [F.
fantastique, fr. Gr. ///////////
able to represent, fr. ///////// to make
visible. See Fancy.] 1. Existing
only in imagination; fanciful; imaginary; not real;
chimerical.
2. Having the nature of a phantom; unreal.
Shak.
3. Indulging the vagaries of imagination;
whimsical; full of absurd fancies; capricious; as,
fantastic minds; a fantastic
mistress.
4. Resembling fantasies in irregularity, caprice,
or eccentricity; irregular; oddly shaped; grotesque.
There at the foot of yonder nodding beech,
That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high.
T. Gray.
Syn. -- Fanciful; imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious;
chimerical; whimsical; queer. See Fanciful.
Fan*tas"tic, n. A person given to
fantastic dress, manners, etc.; an eccentric person; a fop.
Milton.
Our fantastics, who, having a fine watch, take all
ocasions to drow it out to be seen.
Fuller.
Fan*tas"tic*al (?), a.
Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious; fantastic.
Fan*tas`ti*cal"i*ty (?), n.
Fantastically. [Obs.]
Fan*tas"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In
a fantastic manner.
the letter A, in scarlet, fantastically embroidered
with gold thread, upon her bosom.
Hawthorne.
Fan*tas"tic-al*ness, n. The quality of
being fantastic.
Fan*tas"ti*cism (?), n. The
quality of being fantastical; fancifulness; whimsicality.
Ruskin.
Fan*tas"tic*ly (?), adv.
Fantastically. [Obs.]
Fan*tas"tic*ness, n.
Fantasticalness. [Obs.]
\'d8Fan*tas"tic*co (?), n.
[It.] A fantastic. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fan"ta*sy (?), n.; pl.
Fantasies (#). [See
Fancy.] 1. Fancy; imagination;
especially, a whimsical or fanciful conception; a vagary of the
imagination; whim; caprice; humor.
Is not this something more than fantasy ?
Shak.
A thousand fantasies
Being to throng into my memory.
Milton.
2. Fantastic designs.
Embroidered with fantasies and flourishes of gold
thread.
Hawthorne.
Fan"ta*sy, v. t. To have a fancy for; to
be pleased with; to like; to fancy. [Obs.]
Cavendish.
Which he doth most fantasy.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
\'d8Fan`toc*ci"ni (?), n. pl.
[It., dim. fr. fante child.] Puppets
caused to perform evolutions or dramatic scenes by means of
machinery; also, the representations in which they are
used.
Fan"tom (?), n. See
Phantom.
Fantom corn, phantom corn.
Grose.
Fap (?), a. Fuddled.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fa*quir" (?), n. See
Fakir.
Far (?), n. [See
Farrow.] (Zo\'94l.) A young pig,
or a litter of pigs.
Far, a. [Farther
(#) and Farthest (#) are used as the
compar. and superl. of far,
although they are corruptions arising from confusion with
further and furthest. See
Further.] [OE. fer,
feor, AS. feor; akin to OS. fer,
D. ver, OHG. ferro, adv., G.
fern, a., Icel. fjarri, Dan.
fjirn, Sw. fjerran, adv., Goth.
fa\'c6rra, adv., Gr. ///// beyond, Skr.
paras, adv., far, and prob. to L. per
through, and E. prefix for-, as in forgive,
and also to fare. CF. Farther,
Farthest.] 1. Distant in any
direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by a wide space
or extent.
They said, . . . We be come from a far country.
Josh. ix. 6.
The nations far and near contend in choice.
Dryden.
2. Remote from purpose; contrary to design or
wishes; as, far be it from me to justify
cruelty.
3. Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance,
morally or spiritually; t enmity with; alienated.
They that are far from thee ahsll perish.
Ps. lxxiii. 27.
4. Widely different in nature or quality; opposite
in character.
He was far from ill looking, though he thought
himself still farther.
F. Anstey.
5. The more distant of two; as, the
far side (called also off side) of a horse,
that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider when he
mounts.
far is sometimes not easily
discriminated.
By far, by much; by a great difference.
-- Far between, with a long distance (of space or
time) between; at long intervals. \'bdThe examinations are
few and far between.\'b8 Farrar.
Far, adv. 1. To a great extent
or distance of space; widely; as, we are separated
far from each other.
2. To a great distance in time from any point;
remotely; as, he pushed his researches far into
antiquity.
3. In great part; as, the day is far
spent.
4. In a great proportion; by many degrees; very
much; deeply; greatly.
Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price is
far above rubies.
Prov. xxxi. 10.
As far as, to the extent, or degree, that. See
As far as, under As. -- Far
off. (a) At a great distance, absolutely or
relatively. (b) Distant in sympathy or
affection; alienated. \'bdBut now, in Christ Jesus, ye who some
time were far off are made nigh by the blood of
Christ.\'b8 Eph. ii. 13. -- Far other,
different by a great degree; not the same; quite unlike.
Pope. -- Far and near, at a distance
and close by; throughout a whole region. -- Far and
wide, distantly and broadly; comprehensively.
\'bdFar and wide his eye commands.\'b8
Milton. -- From far, from a great
distance; from a remote place.
Far often occurs in self-explaining
compounds, such as far-extended,
far-reaching, far-spread.
<-- p. 543 -->
Far"*a*bout` (?), n. A going
out of the way; a digression. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Far"ad (?), n. [From Michael
Faraday, the English electrician.]
(Elec.) The standard unit of electrical capacity;
the capacity of a condenser whose charge, having an
electro-motive force of one volt, is equal to the amount of
electricity which, with the same electromotive force, passes
through one ohm in one second; the capacity, which, charged with
one coulomb, gives an electro-motive force of one volt.
Far*ad"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Michael Faraday, the distinguished
electrician; -- applied especially to induced currents of
electricity, as produced by certain forms of inductive apparatus,
on account of Faraday's investigations of their laws.
{ Far"a*dism (?),
Far`a*di*za"tion (?), } n.
(Med.) The treatment with faradic or induced
currents of electricity for remedial purposes.
Far"and (?), n. See
Farrand, n.
Far"an*dams (?), n. A fabrik
made of silk and wool or hair.
Simmonds.
Far"ant*ly (?), a. [See
Farrand.] Orderly; comely; respectable.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Farce (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Farced (?),
p. pr. & vb. n. Farcing
(/).] [F. Farcir, L.
farcire; akin to Gr. //////// to fence
in, stop up. Cf. Force to stuff, Diaphragm,
Frequent, Farcy, Farse.]
1. To stuff with forcemeat; hence, to fill with
mingled ingredients; to fill full; to stuff.
[Obs.]
The first principles of religion should not be
farced with school points and private tenets.
Bp. Sanderson.
His tippet was aye farsed full of knives.
Chaucer.
2. To render fat. [Obs.]
If thou wouldst farce thy lean ribs.
B. Jonson.
3. To swell out; to render pompous.
[Obs.]
Farcing his letter with fustian.
Sandys.
Farce, n. [F. farce, from L.
farsus (also sometimes farctus), p.p. pf
farcire. See Farce, v. t.]
1. (Cookery) Stuffing, or mixture of
viands, like that used on dressing a fowl; forcemeat.
2. A low style of comedy; a dramatic composition
marked by low humor, generally written with little regard to
regularity or method, and abounding with ludicrous incidents and
expressions.
Farce is that in poetry which \'bdgrotesque\'b8 is
in a picture: the persons and action of a farce are
all unnatural, and the manners false.
Dryden.
3. Ridiculous or empty show; as, a mere
farce. \'bdThe farce of state.\'b8
Pope.
Farce"ment (?), n. Stuffing;
forcemeat. [Obs.]
They spoil a good dish with . . . unsavory
farcements.
Feltham.
Far"ci*cal (?), a. Pertaining
to farce; appropriated to farce; ludicrous; unnatural;
unreal.
They deny the characters to be farcical, because
they are //tually in in nature.
Gay.
-- Far"ci*cal*ly, adv.
-Far"ci*cal*ness, n.
Far"ci*cal, a. Of or pertaining to the
disease called farcy. See Farcy, n.
Far"ci*lite (?), n.
[Farce+-lite.] (Min.)
Pudding stone. [Obs.]
Kirwan.
{ Far"ci*men (?), Far"cin
(?), } n. (Far.) Same
as Farcy.
Far"cing (?), n.
(Cookery) Stuffing; forcemeat.
Farc"tate (?), a. [L.
farctus, p.p. of farcire. See
Farce, v. t.] (Bot.)
Stuffed; filled solid; as, a farctate leaf,
stem, or pericarp; -- opposed to tubular or
hollow. [Obs.]
Far"cy (?), n. [F.
farcin; cf. L. farciminum a disease of
horses, fr. farcire. See Farce.]
(Far.) A contagious disease of horses, associated
with painful ulcerating enlargements, esp. upon the head and
limbs. It is of the same nature as glanders, and is often fatal.
Called also farcin, and
farcimen.
Farcy, although more common in horses, is
communicable to other animals and to human beings.
Farcy bud, a hard, prominent swelling
occurrinng upon the cutaneous surface in farcy, due to the
obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, and
followed by ulceration.
Youatt.
Fard (?), n. [F., prob. fr.
OHG. gifarit, gifarwit p.p. of
farwjan to color, tinge, fr. farawa color,
G. farbe.] Paint used on the face.
[Obs.] \'bdPainted with French fard.\'b8
J. Whitaker.
Fard, v. t. [F. farder to
paint one's face.] To paint; -- said esp. of one's
face. [Obs.]
Shenstone.
\'d8Far`dage" (?), n. [F. See
Fardel.] (Naut.) See
Dunnage.
Far"del (?), n. [OF.
fardel, F. fardeau; cf. Sp.
fardel, fardillo, fardo, LL.
fardellus; prob. fr. Ar. fard one of the
two parts of an object divisible into two, hence, one of the two
parts of a camel's load. Cf. Furl.] A bundle
or little pack; hence, a burden. [Obs.]
Shak.
A fardel of never-ending misery and suspense.
Marryat.
Far"del, v. t. To make up in
fardels. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Far"ding-bag` (?), n. [Of
uncertain origin; cf. Fardel.] The upper
stomach of a cow, or other ruminant animal; the rumen.
Far"ding*dale (?), n. A
farthingale. [Obs.]
Far"ding*deal (?), n. [See
Farthing, and Deal a part.] The
fourth part of an acre of land. [Obs.]
[Written also farding dale,
fardingale, etc.]
Fare (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fared (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Faring.]
[AS. faran to travel, fare; akin to OS., Goth., &
OHG. faran to travel, go, D. varen, G.
fahren, OFries., Isel., & Sw. fara, Dan.
fare, Gr. ///// a way through,
/////// a ferry, strait, ////////
to convey, ////////// to go, march,
///// beyond, on the other side, ///// to
pass through, L. peritus experienced,
portus port, Skr. par to bring over.
Chaffer, Emporium, Far,
Ferry, Ford, Peril, Port a
harbor, Pore, n.] 1. To
go; to pass; to journey; to travel.
So on he fares, and to the border comes
Of Eden.
Milton.
2. To be in any state, or pass through any
experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circummstances
or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate; as, he
fared well, or ill.
So fares the stag among the enraged hounds.
Denham.
I bid you most heartily well to fare.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
So fared the knight between two foes.
Hudibras.
3. To be treated or entertained at table, or with
bodily or social comforts; to live.
There was a certain rich man wwhich . . . fared
sumptuously every day.
Luke xvi. 19.
4. To happen well, or ill; -- used impersonally;
as, we shall see how it will fare with
him.
Sso fares it when with truth falsehood
contends.
Milton.
5. To behave; to conduct one's self.
[Obs.]
She ferde [fared] as she would die.
Chaucer.
Fare (?), n. [AS.
faru journey, fr. faran. See Fare,
v.] 1. A journey; a passage.
[Obs.]
That nought might stay his fare.
Spenser.
2. The price of passage or going; the sum paid or
due for conveying a person by land or water; as, the
fare for crossing a river; the fare in a coach
or by railway.
3. Ado; bustle; business. [Obs.]
The warder chid and made fare.
Chaucer.
4. Condition or state of things; fortune; hap;
cheer.
What fare? what news abroad ?
Shak.
5. Food; provisions for the table; entertainment;
as, coarse fare; delicious fare.
\'bdPhilosophic fare.\'b8
Dryden.
6. The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle;
as, a full fare of passengers.
A. Drummond.
7. The catch of fish on a fishing vessel.
Bill of fare. See under Bill. --
Fare indicator ,
a device for recording the number of passengers on a street
car, etc. -- Fare wicket. (a) A gate
or turnstile at the entrance of toll bridges, exhibition grounds,
etc., for registering the number of persons passing it.
(b) An opening in the door of a street car for
purchasing tickets of the driver or passing fares to the
conductor.
Knight.
Far"en (?), obs. p.
p. of Fare, v. i.
Chaucer.
Fare`well" (?), interj.
[Fare (thou, you) + well.]
Go well; good-by; adieu; -- originally applied to a person
departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and
those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; as,
fare you well; and is sometimes used as an
expression of separation only; as, farewell the
year; farewell, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you
farewell.
So farewell hope, and with hope,
farewell fear.
Milton.
Fare thee well! and if forever,
Still forever fare thee well.
Byron.
Fare`well" (?), n. 1.
A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting
compliment; a good-by; adieu.
2. Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at,
or reference to something.
And takes her farewell of the glorious sun.
Shak.
Before I take my farewell of the subject.
Addison.
Fare"well` (?), a. Parting;
valedictory; final; as, a farewell discourse; his
farewell bow.
Leans in his spear to take his farewell view.
Tickell.
Farewell rock (Mining), the
Millstone grit; -- so called because no coal is found worth
working below this stratum. It is used for hearths of furnaces,
having power to resist intense heat.
Ure.
Far"fet` (?), a.
[Far + fet, p. p. of
Fette.] Farfetched. [Obs.]
York with his farfet policy.
Shak.
Far"fetch` (?), v. t.
[Far + fetch.] To bring
from far; to seek out studiously. [Obs.]
To farfetch the name of Tartar from a Hebrew
word.
Fuller.
Far"fetch`, n. Anything brought from
far, or brought about with studious care; a deep strategem.
[Obs.] \'bdPolitic farfetches.\'b8
Hudibras.
Far"fetched` (?), a. 1.
Brought from far, or from a remote place.
Every remedy contained a multitude of farfetched
and heterogeneous ingredients.
Hawthorne.
2. Studiously sought; not easily or naturally
deduced or introduced; forced; strained.
Fa*ri"na (?), n. [L., meal,
flour, fr. far a sort of grain, spelt; akin to E.
barley.] 1. A fine flour or meal
made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of
vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in
cookery.
2. (Bot.) Pollen.
[R.]
Craig.
Far`i*na"ceous (?), a. [L.
farinaceus.] 1. Consisting or made
of meal or flour; as, a farinaceous diet.
2. Yielding farina or flour; as,
ffarinaceous seeds.
3. Like meal; mealy; pertainiing to meal; as, a
farinaceous taste, smell, or appearance.
Far`i*nose" (?), a. [L.
farinosus: cf. F. farineux.]
1. Yielding farinaa; as, farinose
substances.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)Civered with a sort
of white, mealy powder, as the leaves of some poplars, and the
body of certain insects; mealy.
Farl (?), v. t. Same as
Furl. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Far"lie (?), n. [OE.
ferlish wonder, as adj., strange, sudden, fearful, AS.
f\'d6rl\'c6c sudden. See Fear.] An
unusual or unexpected thing; a wonder. See Fearly.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Drayton.
Farm (?), n. [OE.
ferme rent, lease, F. ferme, LL.
firma, fr. L. firmus firm, fast,
firmare to make firm or fast. See Firm,
a. & n.] 1. The rent of
land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its
products. [Obs.]
2. The term or tenure of a lease of land for
cultivation; a leasehold. [Obs.]
It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer
farms to their tenants.
Spenser.
3. The land held under lease and by payment of rent
for the purpose of cultivation.
4. Any tract of land devoted to agricultural
purposes, under the management of a tenant or the owner.
farm, as they are entirely so
from the legal sense.
Burrill.
5. A district of country leased (or farmed) out for
the collection of the revenues of government.
The province was devided into twelve farms.
Burke.
6. (O. Eng. Law) A lease of the imposts
on particular goods; as, the sugar farm, the silk
farm.
Whereas G. H. held the farm of sugars upon a rent
of 10,000 marks per annum.
State Trials (1196).
Farm (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Farmed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Farming.]
1. To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a
rent; to yield the use of to proceeds.
We are enforced to farm our royal realm.
Shak.
2. To give up to another, as an estate, a business,
the revenue, etc., on condition of receiving in return a
percentage of what it yields; as, to farm the
taxes.
To farm their subjects and their duties toward
these.
Burke.
3. To take at a certain rent or rate.
4. To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate,
as land; to till, as a farm.
To farm let, To let to
farm, to lease on rent.
Farm, v. i. To engage in the business of
tilling the soil; to labor as a farmer.
Farm"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being farmed.
Farm"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
fermier.] One who farms; as:
(a) One who hires and cultivates a farm; a
cultivator of leased ground; a tenant. Smart.
(b) One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil;
one who cultivates a farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman.
(c) One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other
duties, to collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent for the
privilege; as, a farmer of the revenues.
(d) (Mining) The lord of the field, or
one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.
Farmer-general [F.
fermier-general], one to whom the right of
levying certain taxes, in a particular district, was farmed
out, under the former French monarchy, for a given sum paid
down. -- Farmers' satin, a light material of
cotton and worsted, used for coat linings.
McElrath. -- The king's farmer (O. Eng.
Law), one to whom the collection of a royal revenue was
farmed out.
Burrill.
Farm"er*ess, n. A woman who farms.
Farm"er*ship, n. Skill in farming.
Farm"er*y (?), n. The buildings
and yards necessary for the business of a farm; a
homestead. [Eng.]
Farm"house`, n. A dwelling house on a
farm; a farmer's residence.
Farm"ing, a. Pertaining to agriculture;
devoted to, adapted to, or engaged in, farming; as,
farming tools; farming land; a farming
community.
Farm"ing, n. The business of cultivating
land.
Far"most` (?), a. Most distant;
farthest.
A spacious cave within its farmost part.
Dryden.
Farm"stead (?), n. A farm with
the building upon it; a homestead on a farm.
Tennyson.
With its pleasant groves and farmsteads.
Carlyle.
Farm"stead*ing, n. A farmstead.
[Scot.]
Black.
Farm"yard` (?), n. The yard or
inclosure attached to a barn, or the space inclosed by the farm
buildings.
Far"ness (?), n. [From
Far, a.] The state of being far
off; distance; remoteness. [R.]
Grew.
Far"o (?), n. [Said to be so
called because the Egyptian king Pharaoh was formerly
represented upon one of the cards.] A gambling game at
cardds, in whiich all the other players play against the dealer
or banker, staking their money upon the order in which the cards
will lie and be dealt from the pack.
Faro bank, the capital which the proprietor of
a farotable ventures in the game; also, the place where a game of
faro is played.
Hoyle.
Fa`ro*ese` (?), n. sing. & pl.
An inhabitant, or, collectively, inhabitants, of the Faroe
islands.
Far"*off` (?), a. Remote;
as, the far-off distance. Cf.
Far-off, under Far, adv.
Far*rag-i*nous (?), a. [See
Farrago.] Formed of various materials; mixed;
as, a farraginous mountain.
[R.]
Kirwan.
AA farraginous concurrence of all conditions,
tempers, sexes, and ages.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Far*ra"go (?), n. [L.
farrago, -aginis, mi8xed fodder for cattle,
mash, medley, fr. far a sort of grain. See
Farina.] A mass ccomposed of various
materials confusedly mixed; a medley; a mixture.
A confounded farrago of doubts, fears, hopes,
wishes, and all the flimsy furniture of a country miss's
brain.
Sheridan.
Far"fand (?), n. [OE.
farand beautiful; cf. Gael. farranta neat,
stout, stately; or perh. akin to E. fare.]
Manner; custom; fashion; humor. [Prov.
Eng.] [Written also farand.]
Grose.
Far`re*a"tion (?), n. [L.
farreatio.] Same as
Confarreation.
Far"ri*er (?), n. [OE.
farrour, ferrer, OF. ferreor,
ferrier, LL. Ferrator, ferrarius
equorum, from ferrare to shoe a horse,
ferrum a horseshoe, fr. L. ferrum iron.
Cf. Ferreous.] 1. A
shoer of horses; a veterinary surgeon.
Far"ri*er, v. i. To practice as a
farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Far"ri*er*y (?), n. 1.
The art of shoeing horses.
2. The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating
diseases of horses and cattle; the veterinary art.
3. The place where a smith shoes horses.
<-- p. 544 -->
Far"row (?), n. [AS.
fearh a little pig; a akin to OHG. farh,
farah, pig, dim. farheli little pig, G.
fercel, D. varken pig, Lith.
parszas OIr. orc,L. porcus, Gr.
//////. Cf. Pork.] A little of
pigs.
Shak.
Far"fow, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Farrowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Farrowing.] To bring forth
(young); -- said only of swine.
Tusser.
Far"row, a. [Cf. Scot. ferry
cow a cow that is not with calf, D. vaarkoe,
vaars, heifer, G. f\'84rse, AS.
fearr bull, G. farre. Cf.
Heifer.] Not producing young in a given
season or year; -- said only of cows.
farrow, or to go
farrow.
Far"ry (?), n. A farrow.
[Obs.]
Perry.
Farse (?), n. [See
Farce, n.] (Eccl.) An
addition to, or a paraphrase of, some part of the Latin service
in the vernacular; -- common in English before the
Reformation.
Far"see`ing (?), a. 1.
Able to see to a great distance; farsighted.
2. Having foresight as regards the future.
Far"sight`ed (?), a. 1.
Seeing to great distance; hence, of good judgment regarding
the remote effects of actions; sagacious.
2. (Med.) Hypermetropic.
Far"sight`ed*ness, n. 1.
Quality of bbeing farsighted.
2. (Med.) Hypermetropia.
Far"*stretched` (?), a.
Streatched beyond ordinary limits.
Far"ther (?), a., compar. of
Far. [superl.
Farthest (/). See
Further.] [For farrer, OE.
ferrer, compar. of far; confused with
further. Cf. Farthest.]
1. More remote; more distant than something
else.
2. Tending to a greater distance; beyond a certain
point; additional; further.
Before our farther way the fates allow.
Dryden.
Let me add a farther Truth.
Dryden.
Some farther change awaits us.
MIlton.
Far"ther, adv. 1. At or to a
greater distance; more renotely; beyond; as, let us rest with
what we have, without looking farther.
2. Moreover; by way of progress in treating a
subject; as, farther, let us consider the probable
event.
No farther, (used elliptically for) go no
farther; say no more, etc.
It will be dangerous to go on. No farther !
Shak.
Far"ther, v. t. To help onward.
[R.] See Further.
Far"ther*ance (?), n.
[Obs.] See Furtherence.
Far"ther*more*" (?), adv.
[Obs.] See Furthermore.
Far"ther*most` (?), a. Most
distant or remote; as, the farthest degree. See
Furthest.
Far"thing (?), n. [OE.
furthing, AS. fe\'a2r/ung, fr.
fe\'a2r/a fourth, fe\'a2r,
fe\'a2wer, four. See Four.] 1.
The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain,
being a cent in United States currency.
2. A very small quantity or value.
[Obs.]
In her cup was no farthing seen of grease.
Chaucer.
3. A division of hand. [Obs.]
Thirty acres make a farthing land; nine
farthings a Cornish acre; and four Cornish acres a
knight's fee.
R. Carew.
Far"thin*gale (?), n. [OE.
vardingale, fardingale, fr. OF.
vertugale, verdugade, F.
vertugade, vertugadin, from Sp.
verdugado, being named from its hoops, fr.
verdugo a young shoot of tree, fr. verde
green, fr. L. viridis. See Verdant.]
A hoop skirt or hoop petticoat, or other light, elastic
material, used to extend the petticoat.
We'll revel it as bravely as the best, . . .
With ruffs and cuffs, and farthingales and things.
Shak.
\'d8Fas"ces (?), n. pl. [L.,
pl. of fascis bundle; cf. fascia
a band, and Gr. /////// a bundle.],
(Rom. Antiq.) A bundle of rods, having among them an
ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates
as a badge of their authority.
Fas"cet (?), n. (Glass
Making) A wire basket on the end of a rod to carry
glass bottles, etc., to the annealing furnace; also, an iron rod
to be thrust into the mouths of bottles, and used for the same
purpose; -- calles also pontee and
punty.
\'d8Fas"ci*a (?), n.; pl.
Fasci\'91 (#). [L., a band: cf.
It. fascia. See Fasces, and cf.
Fess.] 1. A band, sash, or fillet;
especially, in surgery, a bandage or roller.
2. (Arch.) A flat member of an order or
building, like a flat band or broad fillet; especially, one of
the three bands which make up the architrave, in the Ionic order.
See Illust. of Column.
3. (Anat.) The layer of loose tissue,
often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin; the stronger
layer of connective tissue covering and investing all muscles; an
aponeurosis.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A broad well-defined band
of color.
Fas"ci*al (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to the fasces.
2. (Anat.) Relating to a fascia.
{ Fas"ci*ate (?), Fas"ci*a`ted
(?), } a. [L.
fasciatus, p.p. of fasciare to envelop with
bands, fr. fascia band. See Fasces.]
1. Bound with a fillet, sash, or bandage.
2. (Bot.) (a) Banded or
compacted together. (b) Flattened and
laterally widened, as are often the stems of the garden
cockscomb.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Broadly banded with
color.
Fas`ci*a"tion, n. The act or manner of
binding up; bandage; also, the condition of being
fasciated.
Fas"ci*cle (?), n. [L.
fasciculus, dim. of fascis. See
Fasces.] A small bundle or collection; a
compact cluster; as, a fascicle of fibers; a
fascicle of flowers or roots.
Fas"ci*cled (?), a. Growing in a
bundle, tuft, or close cluster; as, the fascicled
leaves of the pine or larch; the fascicled roots of the
dahlia; fascicled muscle fibers; fascicled
tufts of hair.
Fas*cic"u*lar (?), a.
Pertaining to a fascicle; fascicled; as, a
fascicular root.
Fas*cic"u*lar*ly, adv. In a fascicled
manner.
Kirwan.
{ Fas*cic"u*late (?),
Fas*cic"u*la`ted (?),} a.
Grouped in a fascicle; fascicled.
\'d8Fas*cic"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Fasciculi (#). [L. See
Fascicle.] 1. A little bundle; a
fascicle.
2. A division of a book.
Fas"ci*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fascinated
(?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Fascinating
(/).] [L. fascinare; cf.
Gr. ////////// to slander, bewitch.]
1. To influence in an uncontrollable manner; to
operate on by some powerful or irresistible charm; to bewitch; to
enchant.
It has been almost universally believed that . . . serpents
can stupefy and fascinate the prey which they are
desirous to obtain.
Griffith (Cuvier).
2. To excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully;
to charm; to captivate, as by physical or mental charms.
there be none of the passions that have been noted to
fascinate or bewhich but love and envy.
Bacon.
Syn. -- To charm; enrapture; captivate; enchant; bewitch;
attract.
Fas`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L.
fascinatio; cf. F. fascination.]
1. The act of fascinating, bewhiching, or
enchanting; enchantment; witchcraft; the exercise of a powerful
or irresistible influence on the affections or passions; unseen,
inexplicable influence.
The Turks hang old rags . . . upon their fairest horses, and
other goodly creatures, to secure them against
fascination.
Waller.
2. The state or condition of being
fascinated.
3. That which fascinates; a charm; a spell.
There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in
words.
South.
Fas*cine" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
fascina a bundle of sticks, fr. fascis. See
Fasces.] (Fort. & Engin.) A
cylindrical bundle of small sticks of wood, bound together, used
in raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts,
and making parapets; also in revetments for river banks, and in
mats for dams, jetties, etc.
Fas"ci*nous (?), a. [L.
fascinum witchcraft, akin to fascinare. See
Fascinate.] Caused or acting by
witchcraft. [Obs.] \'bdFascinous
diseases.\'b8
Harvey.
\'d8Fas*ci"o*la (?), n.;pl.
Fasciol\'91 (#). [See
Fasciole.] (Anat.) A band of gray
matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate
convolution.
Wilder.
Fas"ci*ole (?), n. [L.
fasciola a little bandage. See Fascia.]
(Zo\'94l.) A band of minute tubercles, bearing
modified spines, on the shells of spatangoid sea urchins. See
Spatangoidea.
Fash (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fashed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fashing.]
[OF. faschier, F. f/cher, to anger,
vex; cf. Pr. fasticar, fastigar, fr. L.
fastidium dilike. See Fastidious.]
To vex; to tease; to trouble. [Scot.]
Fash, n. Vexation; anxiety; care.
[Scot.]
Without further fash on my part.
De Quincey.
Fash"ion (?), n. [OE.
fasoun, facioun, shape, manner, F.
facon, orig., a making, fr. L. factio a
making, fr. facere to make. See Fact,
Feat, and cf. Faction.]
1. The make or form of anything; the style, shape,
appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model; as, the
fashion of the ark, of a coat, of a house, of an altar,
etc. ; workmanship; execution.
The fashion of his countenance was altered.
Luke ix. 29.
I do not like the fashion of your garments.
Shak.
2. The prevailing mode or style, especially of
dress; custom or conventional usage in respect of dress,
behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode or style usual
among persons of good breeding; as, to dress, dance, sing,
ride, etc., in the fashion.
The innocent diversions in fashion.
Locke.
As now existing, fashion is a form of social
regulation analogous to constitutional government as a form of
political regulation.
H. Spencer.
3. Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social
position; good breeding; as, men of
fashion.
4. Mode of action; method of conduct; manner;
custom; sort; way. \'bdAfter his sour
fashion.\'b8
Shak.
After a fashion, to a certain extent; in a
sort. -- Fashion piece (Naut.),
one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define
the shape of the stern. -- Fashion plate, a
pictorial design showing the prevailing style or a new style of
dress.
<-- # in a sort? s.b. of a sort? -->
Fash"ion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fashioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fashioning.] [Cf. F.
faconner.] 1. To form; to give
shape or figure to; to mold.
Here the loud hammer fashions female toys.
Gay.
Ingenious art . . .
Steps forth to fashion and refine the age.
Cowper.
2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with
to.
Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and
conditions of the people.
Spenser.
3. To make according to the rule prescribed by
custom.
Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight.
Locke.
4. To forge or counterfeit.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fashioning needle (Knitting Machine),
a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus
shaping it.
Fash"ion*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Conforming to the fashion or established mode; according
with the prevailing form or style; as, a fashionable
dress.
2. Established or favored by custom or use;
current; prevailing at a particular time; as, the
fashionable philosophy; fashionable
opinions.
3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode;
dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; as,
a fashionable man.
4. Genteel; well-bred; as, fashionable
society.
Time is like a fashionable host
That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
Shak.
Fash"ion*a*ble, n. A person who conforms
to the fashions; -- used chiefly in the plural.
Fash"ion*a*ble*ness, n. State of being
fashionable.
Fash"ion*a*bly, adv. In a fashionable
manner.
Fash"ioned (?), a.Having a
certain style or fashion; as old-fashioned;
new-fashioned.
Fash"ion*er (?), n. One who
fashions, forms, ar gives shape to anything.
[R.]
The fashioner had accomplished his task, and the
dresses were brought home.
Sir W. Scott.
Fash"ion*ist (?), n. An
obsequious follower of the modes and fashions.
[R.]
Fuller.
Fash"ion*less, a. Having no
fashion.
Fash"ion-mon`ger (?), n. One
who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy.
Marston.
Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing, a. Behaving like a
fashion-monger. [R.]
Shak.
Fas"sa*ite (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of Fassa,
in the Tyrol.
Fast (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fasted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Fasting.] [AS.
f; akin to D. vasten,
OHG. fast, G. fasten, Icel. & Sw.
fasta, Dan. faste, Goth. fastan
to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to E. fast
firm.] 1. To abstain from food; to omit to
take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry.
Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting
waked.
Milton.
2. To practice abstinence as a religious exercise
or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the
mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief,
or humiliation and penitence.
Thou didst fast and weep for the child.
2 Sam. xii. 21.
Fasting day, a fast day; a day of
fasting.
Fast, n. [OE. faste,
fast; cf. AS. f/sten, OHG.
fasta, G. faste. See Fast, v.
i.] 1. Abstinence from food; omission
to take nounrishment.
Surfeit is the father of much fast.
Shak.
2. Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of
time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious
humiliation.
3. A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or
longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of
food; as, an annual fast.
Fast day, a day appointed for fasting,
humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the
favor of God. -- To break one's fast, to put
an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to
take one's morning meal; to breakfast.
Shak.
Fast, a. [Compar.
Faster (?); superl. Fastest
(?).] [OE., firm, strong, not loose,
AS. f/st; akin to OS. fast, D.
vast, OHG. fasti, festi, G.
fest, Isel. fastr, Sw. & Dan.
fast, and perh. to E. fetter. The sense
swift comes from the idea of keeping close to what is
pursued; a Scandinavian use. Cf. Fast, adv.,
Fast, v., Avast.] 1.
Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose,
unstable, or easily moved; immovable; as, to make
fast the door.
There is an order that keeps things fast.
Burke.
2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art;
impregnable; strong.
Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places.
Spenser.
3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily
separated or alienated; faithful; as, a fast
friend.
4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air
or by washing; durable; lasting; as, fast
colors.
5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.]
Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their
smells.
Bacon.
6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep;
sound.
All this while in a most fast sleep.
Shak.
7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift;
as, a fast horse.
8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of
restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a
fast man; a fast liver.
Thackeray.
Fast and loose, now cohering, now disjoined;
inconstant, esp. in the phrases to play at fast and
loose, to play fast and loose, to act with giddy
or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing
and do another \'bdPlay fast and loose with faith.\'b8
Shak. Fast and loose pulleys
(Mach.), two pulleys placed side by side on a
revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band,
and arranged to disengage and re\'89ngage the machinery driven
thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is
transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley
which revolves freely upon it, and vice versa. --
Hard and fast (Naut.), so completely
aground as to be immovable. -- To make fast
(Naut.), to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a
vessel, a rope, or a door.
<-- p. 545 -->
Fast (?), adv. [OE.
Faste firmly, strongly, quickly, AS.
f/aste. See Fast, a.]
1. In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner;
fixedly; firmly; immovably.
We will bind thee fast.
Judg. xv. 13.
2. In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly;
extravagantly; wildly; as, to run fast; to live
fast.
Fast by, Fast beside,
close or near to; near at hand.
He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk
Into the wood fast by.
Milton.
Fast by the throne obsequious Fame resides.
Pope.
Fast, n. That which fastens or holds;
especially, (Naut.) a mooring rope, hawser, or chain;
-- called, according to its position, a bow,
head, quarter, breast, or
stern fast; also, a post on a pier around which
hawsers are passed in mooring.
Fas"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fastened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fastening
(?).] [AS. f\'91stnian; akin
to OHG. festin. See Fast,
a.] 1. To fix firmly; to make
fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt, etc.; as, to
fasten a chain to the feet; to fasten a door or
window.
2. To cause to hold together or to something else;
to attach or unite firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or
to cleave together, by any means; as, to fasten
boards together with nails or cords; to fasten anything
in our thoughts.
The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of
many successions of parties, with very different ideas
fastened to them.
Swift.
3. To cause to take close effect; to make to tell;
to lay on; as, to fasten a blow.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
If I can fasten but one cup upon him.
Shak.
To fasten a charge, a crime,
upon, to make his guilt certain, or so
probable as to be generally believed. -- To fasten
one's eyes upon, to look upon steadily without
cessation. Acts iii. 4.
Syn. -- To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.
Fas"ten, v. i. To fix one's self; to
take firm hold; to clinch; to cling.
A horse leech will hardly fasten on a fish.
Sir T. Browne.
Fas"ten*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes fast or firm.
Fas"ten*ing (?), n. Anything
that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, bolt, bar, buckle,
etc.
Fast"er (?), n. One who
abstains from food.
Fast"-hand`ed (?), a.
Close-handed; close-fisted; covetous; avaricious.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
\'d8Fas"ti (?), n.pl.
[L.] 1. The Roman calendar, which gave
the days for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to a modern
almanac.
2. Records or registers of important events.
Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty (?), n.
Fastidiousness; squeamishness. [Obs.]
Swift.
Fas*tid"i*ous (?), a. [L.
fastidiosus disdainful, fr. fastidium
loathing, aversion, perh. fr. fastus arrogance (of
uncertain origin) + taedium loathing. Cf.
Tedious, Fash.] Difficult to please;
delicate to fault; suited with difficulty; squeamish; as, a
fastidious mind or ear; a fastidious
appetite.
Proud youth ! fastidious of the lower world.
Young.
Syn. -- Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult;
punctilious. -- Fastidious,
Squeamish. We call a person fastidious when
his taste or feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors;
we call him squeamish when he is excessively nice or
critical on minor points, and also when he is overscrupulous as
to questions of duty. \'bdWhoever examines his own imperfections
will cease to be fastidious; whoever restrains his
caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be
squeamish.\'b8 Crabb.
-- Fas*tid"i*ous*ly, adv. --
Fas*tid"i*ous*ness, n.
{ Fas*tig"i*ate (?),
Fas*tig"i*a`ted (?), } a.
[L. fastigium gable end, top, height,
summit.] 1. Narrowing towards the top.
2. (Bot.) Clustered, parallel, and
upright, as the branches of the Lombardy poplar; pointed.
3. (Zo\'94l.) United into a conical
bundle, or into a bundle with an enlarged head, like a sheaf of
wheat.
Fast"ish (?), a. Rather fast;
also, somewhat dissipated. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Fast"ly, adv. Firmly; surely.
Fast"ness, n. [AS.
f\'91stnes, fr. f\'91st fast. See
Fast, a.] 1. The state of
being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security;
faithfulness.
All . . . places of fastness [are] laid open.
Sir J. Davies.
2. A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort;
a secure retreat; a castle; as, the enemy retired to their
fastnesses in the mountains.
3. Conciseness of style. [Obs.]
Ascham.
4. The state of being fast or swift.
Fas"tu*ous (?), a. [L.
fastuosus, from fastus haughtiness, pride:
cf. F. fastueux.] Proud; haughty;
disdainful. [Obs.] Barrow.
Fas"tu*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Fat (?), n. [See Vat,
n.] 1. A large tub, cistern, or
vessel; a vat. [Obs.]
The fats shall overflow with wine and oil.
Joel ii. 24.
2. A measure of quantity, differing for different
commodities. [Obs.]
Hebert.
Fat, a. [Compar.
Fatter (?); superl. Fattest
(?).] [AS. f; akin
to D. vet, G. fett, feist, Icel.
feitr, Sw. fet, Dan. fed, and
perh. to Gr. pi^dax spring, fountain,
pidy`ein to gush forth, pi`wn fat, Skr.
pi to swell.] 1. Abounding with
fat; as: (a) Fleshy; characterized by
fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as, a fat man;
a fat ox. (b) Oily; greasy;
unctuous; rich; -- said of food.
2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal;
coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid.
Making our western wits fat and mean.
Emerson.
Make the heart of this people fat.
Is. vi. 10.
3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat
soil; a fat pasture.
4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable;
as, a fat benefice; a fat office; a
fat job.
Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk.
Carlyle.
5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate.
[Obs.]
Persons grown fat and wealthy by long
impostures.
Swift.
6. (Typog.) Of a character which enables
the compositor to make large wages; -- said of matter containing
blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; as, a fat take; a
fat page.
Fat lute, a mixture of pipe clay and oil for
filling joints.
Fat (?), n. 1.
(Physiol. Chem.) An oily liquid or greasy
substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of
animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See
Adipose tissue, under Adipose.
Animal fats are composed mainly of three
distinct fats, tristearin, tripalmitin, and
triolein, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is
liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are
solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats
depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual
fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid
state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid
fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature.
Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic,
palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein
and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic
of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or
glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride
of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc.
2. The best or richest productions; the best part;
as, to live on the fat of the land.
3. (Typog.) Work. containing much blank,
or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the
compositor.
Fat acid. (Chem.) See Sebacic
acid, under Sebacic. -- Fat
series, Fatty series (Chem.),
the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their
derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series. --
Natural fats (Chem.), the group of oily
substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc.,
as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial
production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially
mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.
Fat, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fatted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
atting (?).] [OE.
fatten, AS. f/ttian. See Fat,
a., and cf. Fatten.] To make fat;
to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as,
to fat fowls or sheep.
We fat all creatures else to fat us.
Shak.
Fat, v. i. To grow fat, plump, and
fleshy.
An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young
one.
Mortimer.
Fa"tal, a. [L. fatalis, fr.
fatum: cf. F. fatal. See
Fate.] 1. Proceeding from, or
appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable.
[R.]
These thing are fatal and necessary.
Tillotson.
It was fatal to the king to fight for his
money.
Bacon.
2. Foreboding death or great disaster.
[R.]
That fatal screech owl to our house
That nothing sung but death to us and ours.
Shak.
3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal;
destructive; calamitous; as, a fatal wound; a
fatal disease; a fatal day; a fatal
error.
Fa"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
fatalisme.] The doctrine that all things
are subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable
necessity.
Fa"tal*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
fataliste.] One who maintains that all
things happen by inevitable necessity.
Fa`tal*is"tic (?), a. Implying,
or partaking of the nature of, fatalism.
Fa*tal"i*ty (?), n.;pl.
Fatalities (#). [L.
fatalitas: cf. F. fatalit\'82]
1. The state of being fatal, or proceeding from
destiny; invincible necessity, superior to, and independent of,
free and rational control.
The Stoics held a fatality, and a fixed,
unalterable course of events.
South.
2. The state of being fatal; tendency to
destruction or danger, as if by decree of fate; mortaility.
The year sixty-three is conceived to carry with it the most
considerable fatality.
Ser T. Browne.
By a strange fatality men suffer their
dissenting.
Eikon Basilike.
3. That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal;
a fatal event.
Dryden.
Fa"tal*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate.
Bentley.
2. In a manner issuing in death or ruin; mortally;
destructively; as, fatally deceived or
wounded.
Fa"tal*ness, . Quality of being fatal.
Johnson.
\'d8Fa"ta Mor*ga"na (?). [It.; -- so
called because this phenomenon was looked upon as the work of a
fairy (It. fata) of the name of Morg\'a0na.
See Fairy.] A kind of mirage by which distant
objects appear inverted, distorted, displaced, or multiplied. It
is noticed particularly at the Straits of Messina, between
Calabria and Sicily.
Fat"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The menhaden.
Fat"-brained` (?), a. Dull of
apprehension.
Fate (?), n. [L.
fatum a prophetic declaration, oracle, what is
ordained by the gods, destiny, fate, fr. fari to
speak: cf. OF. fat. See Fame, Fable,
Ban, and cf. 1st Fay, Fairy.]
1. A fixed decree by which the order of things is
prescribed; the immutable law of the universe; inevitable
necessity; the force by which all existence is determined and
conditioned.
Necessity and chance
Approach not me; and what I will is fate.
Milton.
Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding,
everlasting fate of which victim and tyrant were alike
the instruments.
Froude.
2. Appointed lot; allotted life; arranged or
predetermined event; destiny; especially, the final lot; doom;
ruin; death.
The great, th'important day, big with the fate
Of Cato and of Rome.
Addison.
Our wills and fates do so contrary run
That our devices still are overthrown.
Shak.
The whizzing arrow sings,
And bears thy fate, Antinous, on its wings.
Pope.
3. The element of chance in the affairs of life;
the unforeseen and unestimated conitions considered as a force
shaping events; fortune; esp., opposing circumstances against
which it is useless to struggle; as, fate was, or
the fates were, against him.
A brave man struggling in the storms of fate.
Pope.
Sometimes an hour of Fate's serenest weather
strikes through our changeful sky its coming beams.
B. Taylor.
4. pl. [L. Fata, pl. of
fatum.] (Myth.) The three
goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, sometimes called the
Destinies, or Parc\'91who
were supposed to determine the course of human life. They are
represented, one as holding the distaff, a second as spinning,
and the third as cutting off the thread.
fate or destiny as a power superior to gods and men --
swaying all things irresistibly. This may be called the
fate of poets and mythologists. Philosophical
fate is the sum of the laws of the universe, the
product of eternal intelligence and the blind properties of
matter. Theological fate represents Deity as above the
laws of nature, and ordaining all things according to his will --
the expression of that will being the law.
Krauth-Fleming.
Syn. -- Destiny; lot; doom; fortune; chance.
Fat"ed (?), p. p. & a. 1.
Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; as, he was
fated to rule a factious people.
One midnight
Fated to the purpose.
Shak.
2. Invested with the power of determining
destiny. [Obs.] \'bdThe fated
sky.\'b8
Shak.
3. Exempted by fate. [Obs. or
R.]
Dryden.
Fate"ful (?), a. . Having the
power of serving or accomplishing fate. \'bdThe
fateful steel.\'b8
J. Barlow.
2. Significant of fate; ominous.
The fateful cawings of the crow.
Longfellow.
-- Fate"ful*ly, adv.-
Fate"ful*ness, n.
Fat"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A cyprinoid fish of the
Mississippi valley (Pimephales promelas); -- called
also black-headed minnow. (b)
A labroid food fish of California; the redfish.
Fa"ther (?), n. [OE.
fader, AS. f\'91der; akin to OS.
fadar, D. vader, OHG. fatar, G.
vater, Icel. Fa/ir Sw. & Dan.
fader, OIr. athir, L. pater, Gr.
/////, Skr. pitr, perh. fr. Skr.
p\'be protect. ///,///. Cf. Papa,
Paternal, Patriot, Potential,
Pablum.] 1. One who has begotten a
child, whether son or daughter; a generator; a male parent.
A wise son maketh a glad father.
Prov. x. 1.
2. A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a
progenitor; especially, a first ancestor; a founder of a race or
family; -- in the plural, fathers, ancestors.
David slept with his fathers.
1 Kings ii. 10.
Abraham, who is the father of us all.
Rom. iv. 16.
3. One who performs the offices of a parent by
maintenance, affetionate care, counsel, or protection.
I was a father to the poor.
Job xxix. 16.
He hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of
all his house.
Gen. xiv. 8.
4. A respectful mode of address to an old
man.
And Joash the king og Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . .
. and said, O my father, my father!
2 Kings xiii. 14.
5. A senator of ancient Rome.
6. A dignitary of the church, a superior of a
convent, a confessor (called also father
confessor), or a priest; also, the eldest member of a
profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc.
Bless you, good father friar !
Shak.
7. One of the chief esslesiastical authorities of
the first centuries after Christ; -- often spoken of collectively
as the Fathers; as, the Latin, Greek, or apostolic
Fathers.
8. One who, or that which, gives origin; an
originator; a producer, author, or contriver; the first to
practice any art, profession, or occupation; a distinguished
example or teacher.
The father of all such as handle the harp and
organ.
Gen. iv. 21.
Might be the father, Harry, to that thought.
Shak.
The father of good news.
Shak.
9. The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology,
the first person in the Trinity.
Our Father, which art in heaven.
Matt. vi. 9.
Now had the almighty Father from above . . .
Bent down his eye.
Milton.
Adoptive father, one who adopts the child of
another, treating it as his own. -- Apostolic
father, Conscript fathers, etc. See
under Apostolic, Conscript, etc. --
Father in God, a title given to bishops. --
Father of lies, the Devil. -- Father of
the bar, the oldest practitioner at the bar. --
Fathers of the city, the aldermen. --
Father of the Faithful. (a) Abraham.
Rom. iv. Gal. iii. 6-9. (b)
Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors. --
Father of the house, the member of a legislative
body who has had the longest continuous service. --
Most Reverend Father in God, a title given to
archbishops and metropolitans, as to the archbishops of
Canterbury and York. -- Natural father, the
father of an illegitimate child. -- Putative
father, one who is presumed to be the father of an
illegitimate child; the supposed father. -- Spiritual
father. (a) A religious teacher or guide, esp.
one instrumental in leading a soul to God. (b)
(R. C. Ch.) A priest who hears confession in the
sacrament of penance. -- The Holy Father (R.
C. Ch.), the pope.
Fa"ther (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fathered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fathering.] 1. To make one's
self the father of; to beget.
Cowards father cowards, and base things sire
base.
Shak.
2. To take as one's own child; to adopt; hence, to
assume as one's own work; to acknowledge one's self author of or
responsible for (a statement, policy, etc.).
Men of wit
Often fathered what he writ.
Swift.
3. To provide with a father.
[R.]
Think you I am no stronger than my sex,
Being so fathered and so husbanded ?
Shak.
To father on upon,
to ascribe to, or charge upon, as one's offspring or work; to
put or lay upon as being responsible. \'bdNothing can be so
uncouth or extravagant, which may not be fathered on
some fetch of wit, or some caprice of humor.\'b8
Barrow.
<-- p. 546 -->
Fa"ther*hood (?), n. The state
of being a father; the character or authority of a father;
paternity.
Fa"ther-in-law` (?), n.; pl.
Fathers-in-law (/). The father
of one's husband or wife; -- correlative to son-in-law
and daughter-in-law.
father-in-law.
Fa"ther*land" (?), n. [Imitated
fr. D. vaderland. See Father, and
Land.] One's native land; the native land of
one's fathers or ancestors.
Fa"ther-lash`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European marine fish (Cottus
bubalis), allied to the sculpin; -- called also
lucky proach.
Fa"ther*less, a. 1. Destitute
of a living father; as, a fatherless
child.
2. Without a known author.
Beau. & Fl.
Fa"ther*less*ness, n. The state of being
without a father.
Fa"ther*li*ness (?), n. [From
Fatherly.] The qualities of a father;
parantal kindness, care, etc.
Fa"ther long"legs` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
See Daddy longlegs, 2.
Fa"ther*ly, a. 1. Like a father
in affection and care; paternal; tender; protecting;
careful.
You have showed a tender, fatherly regard.
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to a father.
Fa"ther*ship, n. The state of being a
father; fatherhood; paternity.
Fath"om (?), n. [??/OE.
fadme, fa, AS.
f\'91 fathom, the embracing arms; akin to OS.
fa the outstretched arms, D. vadem,
vaam, fathom, OHG. fadom, fadum,
G. faden fathom, thread, Icel. fa
fathom, Sw. famn, Dan. favn; cf. Gr.
////////// to spread out,
/////// outspread, flat, L. patere to
lie open, extend. Cf. Patent, Petal.]
1. A measure of length, containing six feet; the
space to which a man can extend his arms; -- used chiefly in
measuring cables, cordage, and the depth of navigable water by
soundings.
2. The measure or extant of one's capacity; depth,
as of intellect; profundity; reach; penetration.
[R.]
Another of his fathom they have none
To lead their business.
Shak.
Fath"om, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fathomed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fathoming.] 1. To
encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to measure by
throwing the arms about; to span. [Obs.]
Purchas.
2. The measure by a sounding line; especially, to
sound the depth of; to penetrate, measure, and comprehend; to get
to the bottom of.
Dryden.
The page of life that was spread out before me seemed dull and
commonplace, only because I had not fathomed its
deeper import.
Hawthotne.
Fath"om*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being fathomed.
Fath"om*er (?), n. One who
fathoms.
Fath"om*less, a. 1. Incapable
of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.
And buckle in a waist most fathomless.
Shak.
2. Incomprehensible.
The fathomless absurdity.
Milton.
Fa*tid"i*cal (?), a. [L.
fatidicus; fatum fate + dicere
to say, tell.] Having power to foretell future events;
prophetic; fatiloquent; as, the fatidical
oak. [R.] Howell. --
Fa*tid"i*cal*ly, adv.
Fa*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
fatifer; fatum fate + ferre to
bear, bring.] Fate-bringing; deadly; mortal;
destructive. [R.]
Johnson.
Fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L.
fatigabilis: cf. F. fatigable. See
Fatigue.] Easily tired.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Fat"i*gate (?), a. [L.
fatigatus, p.p. of fatigare. See
Fatigue.] Wearied; tired; fatigued.
[Obs.]
Requickened what in flesh was fatigate.
Shak.
Fat"i*gate (?), v. t. To weary;
to tire; to fatigue. [Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Fat`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
fatigatio: cf. OF. fatigation.]
Weariness. [Obs.]
W. Montaqu.
Fa*tigue" (?), n. [F., fr.
fatiguer to fatigue, L. fatigare; cf. L.
affatim sufficiently.] 1.
Weariness from bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or
exhaustion of strength.
2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil; as, the
fatigues of war.
Dryden.
3. The weakening of a metal when subjected to
repeated vibrations or strains.
Fatigue call (Mil.), a summons, by
bugle or drum, to perform fatigue duties. -- Fatigue
dress, the working dress of soldiers. --
Fatigue duty (Mil.), labor exacted from
soldiers aside from the use of arms. Farrow. --
Fatigue party, a party of soldiers on fatigue
duty.
Fa*tigue", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fatigued (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fatiguing, n.] [Cf.
F. fatiguer. See Fatigue,
n.] To weary with labor or any bodily or
mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength or
endurance of; to tire.
Syn. -- To jade; tire; weary; bore. See Jade.
Fa*til"o*quent (?), a. [See
Fatiloquist.] Prophetic; fatidical.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Fa*til"o*quist (?), n. [L.
fatiloquus declaring fate; fatum fate+
Loqui to speak.] A fortune teller.
{ Fat"i*mite (?), Fat"i*mide
(?) }, a. (Hist.)
Descended from Fatima, the daughter and only child of
Mohammed. -- n. A descendant of
Fatima.
Fa*tis"cence (?), n. [L.
fatiscense, p.pr. of fatiscere to gape or
crack open.] A gaping or opening; state of being
chinky, or having apertures.
Kirwan.
Fat"-kid`neyed (?), a.Gross;
lubberly.
Peace, ye fat-kidneyed rascal !
Shak.
Fat"ling (?), n.
[Fat + -ling.] A calf,
lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for slaughter; a fat
animal; -- said of such animals as are used for food.
He sacrificed oxen and fatlings.
2 Sam. vi. 13.
Fat"ly, adv. Grossly; greasily.
Fat"ner (?), n. One who
fattens. [R.] See Fattener.
Arbuthnit.
Fat"ness, n. 1. The quality or
state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency; fullness of
flesh.
Their eyes stand out with fatness.
Ps. lxxiii. 7.
2. Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.
Rich in the fatness of her plenteous soil.
Rowe.
3. That which makes fat or fertile.
The clouds drop fatness.
Philips.
Fat"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fattened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fattining
(?).] [See Fat, v.
t.] 1. To make fat; to feed for
slaughter; to make fleshy or plump with fat; to fill full; to
fat.
2. To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; as,
to fatten land; to fatten fields with
blood.
Dryden.
Fat"ten, v. i. To grow fat or corpulent;
to grow plump, thick, or fleshy; to be pampered.
And villains fatten with the brave man's labor.
Otway.
Fat"ten*er (?), n.One who, or
that which, fattens; that which gives fatness or fertility.
Fat"ti*ness (?), n.State or
quality of being fatty.
Fat"tish (?), a. Somewhat fat;
inclined to fatness.
Coleridge, a puffy, anxious, obstructed-looking,
fattish old man.
Carlyle.
Fat"ty (?), a. Containing fat,
or having the qualities of fat; greasy; gross; as, a
fatty substance.
Fatty acid (Chem.), any one of the
paraffin series of monocarbonic acids, as formic acid, acetic,
etc.; -- so called because the higher members, as stearic and
palmitic acids, occur in the natural fats, and are themselves
fatlike substances. -- Fatty clays. See under
Clay. -- Fatty degeneration
(Med.), a diseased condition, in which the oil
globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied
as gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these
organs. -- Fatty heart, Fatty
liver, etc. (Med.), a heart, liver,
etc., which have been the subjects of fatty degeneration or
infiltration. -- Fatty infiltration
(Med.), a condition in which there is an excessive
accumulation of fat in an organ, without destruction of any
essential parts of the latter. -- Fatty tumor
(Med.), a tumor consisting of fatty or adipose
tissue; lipoma.
Fa*tu"i*tous (?), a. Stupid;
fatuous.
Fa*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L.
fatuitas, fr. fatuus foolish: cf. F.
fatuit\'82 Cf. Fatuous.] Weakness
or imbecility of mind; stupidity.
Those many forms of popular fatuity.
I Taylor.
Fat"u*ous (?), a. [L.
fatuus.] 1. Feeble in mind; weak;
silly; stupid; foolish; fatuitous.
Glanvill.
2. Without reality; illusory, like the ignis
fatuus.
Thence fatuous fires and meteors take their
birth.
Danham.
Fat"-wit`ed (?), a. Dull;
stupid.
Shak.
\'d8Fau`bourg" (?), n.
[F.] A suburb of French city; also, a district
now within a city, but formerly without its walls.
Fau"cal (?), a. [L.
fauces throat.] Pertaining to the fauces,
or opening of the throat; faucial; esp., (Phon.)
produced in the fauces, as certain deep guttural sounds found in
the Semitic and some other languages.
Ayin is the most difficult of the faucals.
I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
\'d8Fau"ces (?), n.pl.
[L.] 1. (Anat.) The narrow
passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft
palate and the base of the tongue; -- called also the
isthmus of the fauces. On either side of the
passage two membranous folds, called the pillars of the
fauces, inclose the tonsils.
2. (Bot.) The throat of a calyx,
corolla, etc.
3. (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the
interior of a spiral shell which can be seen by looking into the
aperture.
Fau"cet (?), n. [F.
fausset, perh. fr. L. fauces throat.]
1. A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water,
molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such
quantities as may be desired; -- called also
tap, and cock. It consists
of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve,
or slide.
2. The enlarged end of a section of pipe which
receives the spigot end of the next section.
Fau"chion (?), n. See
Falchion. [Obs.]
Fau"cial (?), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the fauces; pharyngeal.
Faugh (?), interj. [Cf.
Foh.] An exclamation of contempt, disgust, or
abhorrence.
Faul"chion (?), n. See
Falchion.
Faul"con (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Falcon.
Fauld (?), n. The arch over the
dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.
Faule (?), n. A fall or falling
band. [Obs.]
These laces, ribbons, and these faules.
Herrick.
Fault (?), n. [OE.
faut, faute, F. faute (cf. It.,
Sp., & Pg. falta), fr. a verb meaning to
want, fail, freq., fr. L. fallere to
deceive. See Fail, and cf. Default.]
1. Defect; want; lack; default.
One, it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call
my friend.
Shak.
2. Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that
impairs excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish.
As patches set upon a little breach
Discredit more in hiding of the fault.
Shak.
3. A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from
duty; a deviation from propriety; an offense less serious than a
crime.
4. (Geol. & Mining) (a) A
dislocation of the strata of the vein. (b) In
coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam;
as, slate fault, dirt fault,
etc.
Raymond.
5. (Hunting) A lost scent; act of losing
the scent.
Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled,
With much ado, the cold fault cleary out.
Shak.
6. (Tennis) Failure to serve the ball
into the proper court.
At fault, unable to find the scent and
continue chase; hance, in trouble ot embarrassment, and unable to
proceed; puzzled; thhrown off the track. -- To find
fault, to find reason for blaming or complaining; to
express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by
with before the thing complained of; but formerly by
at. \'bdMatter to find fault
at.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Syn. -- -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness;
blunder; failing; vice. -- Fault,
Failing, Defect, Foible. A
fault is positive, something morally wrong; a
failing is negative, some weakness or failling short
in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a defect
is also negative, and as applied to character is the absence of
anyything which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a
foible is a less important weakness, which we overlook
or smile at. A man may have many failings, and yet
commit but few faults; or his faults and
failings may be few, while his foibles are
obvious to all. The faults of a friend are often
palliated or explained away into mere defects, and the
defects or foibles of an enemy exaggerated
into faults. \'bdI have failings in common
with every human being, besides my own peculiar
faults; but of avarice I have generally held myself
guiltless.\'b8 Fox. \'bdPresumption and self-applause
are the foibles of mankind.\'b8
Waterland.
Fault (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Faulted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Faulting.] 1.
To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to
blame. [Obs.]
For that I will not fault thee.
Old Song.
2. (Geol.) To interrupt the continuity
of (rock strata) by displacement along a plane of fracture; --
chiefly used in the p.p.; as, the coal beds are badly
faulted.
Fault, v. i. To err; to blunder, to
commit a fault; to do wrong. [Obs.]
If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king,
they had not faulted.
Latimer.
Fault"er (?), n. One who
commits a fault. [Obs.]
Behold the faulter here in sight.
Fairfax.
Fault"-find`er (?), n. One who
makes a practice off discovering others' faults and censuring
them; a scold.
Fault"-find`ing, n. The act of finding
fault or blaming; -- used derogatively. Also
Adj.
Fault"ful (?), a. Full of
faults or sins.
Shak.
Fault"i*ly (?), adv. In a
faulty manner.
Fault"i*ness, n. Quality or state of
being faulty.
Round, even to faultiness.
Shak.
Fault"ing, n. (Geol.) The
state or condition of being faulted; the process by which a fault
is produced.
Fault"less, a. Without fault; not
defective or imperfect; free from blemish; free from
incorrectness, vice, or offense; perfect; as, a
faultless poem.
Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see,
Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be.
Pope.
Syn. -- Blameless; spotless; perfect. See
Blameless.
-- Fault"less*ly,
adv.-Fault"less*ness,
n.
Fault"y (?), a. 1.
Containing faults, blemishes, or defects; imperfect; not fit
for the use intended.
Created once
So goodly and erect, though faulty since.
Milton.
2. Guilty of a fault, or of faults; hence,
blamable; worthy of censure.
Shak.
The king doth speak . . . as one which is
faulty.
2 Sam. xiv. 13.
Faun (?), n. [L.
Faunus, fr. favere to be favorable. See
Favor.] (Rom. Myth.) A god of
fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. The fauns
are usually represented as half goat and half man.
Satyr or Faun, or Sylvan.
Milton.
Fau"na (?), n. [NL.: cf. F.
faune. See Faun.] (Zo\'94l.)
The animals of any given area or epoch; as, the
fauna of America; fossil fauna; recent
fauna.
Fau"nal (?), a. Relating to
fauna.
Fau"nist (?), n. One who
describes the fauna of country; a naturalist.
Gilbert White.
\'d8Fau"nus (?), n.;pl.
Fauni (#). [L.]
(Myth.) See Faun.
Fau"sen (?), n. [Cf. W.
llysowen eel, ll sounding in Welsh almost
like fl.] (Zo\'94l.) A young
eel. [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Fausse`-braye" (?), n. [F.
fausse-braie.] (Mil.) A second
raampart, exterior to, and parallel to, the main rampart, and
considerably below its level.
\'d8Fau`teuil" (?), n. [F. See
Faldistory.] 1. An armchair; hence
(because the members sit in fauteuils or armchairs), membership
in the French Academy.
2. Chair of a presiding officer.
Fau"tor (?), n. [L., contr. fr.
favitor, fr. favere to be favorable: cf. F.
fauteur. See Favor.] A favorer; a
patron; one who gives countenance or support; an abettor.
[Obs.]
The king and the fautors of his proceedings.
Latimer.
Fau"tress (?), n. [L.
fauutrix: cf. F. fautrice.] A
patroness. [Obs.]
Chapman.
\'d8Fau`vette" (?), n. [F.,
dim. fr. fauve fawn-colored.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small singing bird, as the
nightingale and warblers.
<-- p. 547 -->
\'d8Faux (?), n.; pl.
Fauces (#). [L.] See
Fauces.
<-- no pos in original = n. -->
\'d8faux` pas" (?). [F. See
False, and Pas.] A false step; a
mistake or wrong measure.
Fa*vag"i*nous (?), a. [L.
favus a honeycomb.] Formed like, or
resembling, a honeycomb.
Fa"vas (?), n. See
Favus, n., 2.
Fairholt.
Fa"vel (?), a. [OF.
fauvel, favel, dim. of F. fauve;
of German oigin. See Fallow, a.]
Yellow; fal/ow; dun. [Obs.]
Wright.
Fa"vel, n. A horse of a favel or dun
color.
To curry favel. See To curry
favor, under Favor, n.
Fa"vel, n. [OF. favele, fr.
L. fabella short fable, dim. of fabula. See
Fable.] Flattery; cajolery; deceit.
[Obs.]
Skeat.
\'d8Fa*vel"la (?), n. [NL.,
prob. from L. favus a honeycomb.]
(Bot.) A group of spores arranged without order
and covered with a thin gelatinous envelope, as in certain
delicate red alg\'91.
Fa*ve"o*late (?), a. [L.
favus honeycomb.] Honeycomb; having
cavities or cells, somewhat resembling those of a honeycomb;
alveolate; favose.
Fa*vil"lous (?), a. [L.
favilla sparkling or glowing asges.] Of or
pertaining to ashes. [Obs.]
Light and favollous particles.
Sir T. Browne.
Fa*vo"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Favonius the west wind.] Pertaining to the
west wind; soft; mild; gentle.
Fa"vor (?), n. [Written also
favour.] [OF. favor, F.
faveur, L. favor, fr. favere to
be favorable, cf. Skr. bh\'bevaya to further, foster,
causative of bh/ to become, be. Cf. Be. In the phrase
to curry favor, favor is prob. for
favel a horse. See 2d Favel.]
1. Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance;
friendly disposition; kindness; good will.
Hath crawled into the favor of the king.
Shak.
2. The act of countenancing, or the condition of
being countenanced, or regarded propitiously; support; promotion;
befriending.
But found no favor in his lady's eyes.
Dryden.
And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in
favor with God and man.
Luke ii. 52.
3. A kind act or office; kindness done or granted;
benevolence shown by word or deed; an act of grace or good will,
as distinct from justice or remuneration.
Beg one favor at thy gracious hand.
Shak.
4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment;
lenity.
I could not discover the lenity and fabor of this
sentence.
Swift.
5. The object of regard; person or thing
favored.
All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man,
His chief delight and favor.
Milton.
6. A gift or represent; something bestowed as an
evidence of good will; a token of love; a knot of ribbons;
something worn as a token of affection; as, a marriage
favor is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or white
flowers worn at a wedding.
Wear thou this favor for me, and stick it in thy
cap.
Shak.
7. Appearance; look; countenance; face.
[Obs.]
This boy is fair, of female favor.
Shak.
8. (Law) Partiality; bias.
Bouvier.
9. A letter or epistle; -- so called in civility or
compliment; as, your favor of yesterday is
received.
10. pl. Love locks.
[Obs.]
Wright.
Challenge to the favor (Law), the challenge of a juror
on grounds not sufficient to constitute a principal challenge,
but sufficient to give rise to a probable suspicion of favor or
bias, such as acquaintance, business relation, etc. See
Principal challenge, under Challenge.
-- In favor of, upon the side of; favorable to;
for the advantage of. -- In favor with,
favored, countenanced, or encouraged by. -- To
curry favor [see the etymology of Favor,
above], to seek to gain favor by flattery, caresses,
kindness, or officious civilities. -- With one's
favor, By one's favor, with
leave; by kind permission.
But, with your favor, I will treat it here.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity;
grace; gift; present; benefit.
Fa"vor, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Favored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Favoring.] [Written also
favour.] [Cf. OF. favorer,
favorir. See Favor, n.]
1. To regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or
to have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be
propitious to; to countenance; to treat with consideration or
tenderness; to show partiality or unfair bias towards.
O happy youth! and favored of the skies.
Pope.
He that favoreth Joab, . . . let him go after
Joab.
2 Sam. xx. 11.
[The painter] has favored her squint admirably.
Swift.
2. To afford advantages for success to; to
facilitate; as, a weak place favored the entrance of
the enemy.
3. To resemble in features; to have the aspect or
looks of; as, the child favors his
father.
The porter owned that the gentleman favored his
master.
Spectator.
Fa"vor*a*ble (?), a. [Written
also favourable.] [F.
favorable, L. favorabilis favored, popular,
pleasing, fr. favor. See Favor,
n.] 1. Full of favor; favoring;
manifesting partiality; kind; propitious; friendly.
Lend favorable ears to our request.
Shak.
Lord, thou hast been favorable unto thy land.
Ps. lxxxv. 1.
2. Conducive; contributing; tending to promote or
facilitate; advantageous; convenient.
A place very favorable for the making levies of
men.
Clarendon.
The temper of the climate, favorable to generation,
health, and long life.
Sir W. Temple.
3. Beautiful; well-favored.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
-- Fa"vora*ble*ness, n. --
Fa"vor*a*bly, sdv.
The faborableness of the present times to all
extertions in the cause of liberty.
Burke.
Fa"vored (?), a. 1.
Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; as, a
favored friend.
2. Having a certain favor or appearance; featured;
as, well-favored; hard-favored,
etc.
Fa"vored*ly (?), adv. In a
favored or a favorable manner; favorably.
[Obs.]
Deut. xvii. 1. Arscham.
Fa"vored*ness, n. Appearance.
[Obs.]
Fa"vor*er (?), n. One who
favors; one who regards with kindness or friendship; a
well-wisher; one who assists or promotes success or
prosperity. [Written also
favourer.]
And come to us as favorers, not as foes.
Shak.
Fa"vor*ess (?), n. A woman who
favors or gives countenance. [Written also
fovouress.]
Fa"vor*ing, a. That favors. --
Fa"vor*ing*ly, adv.
Fa"vor*ite (?), n. [OF.
favorit favored, F. favori, fem.
favorite, p.p. of OF. favorir, cf. It.
favorito, frm. favorita, fr.
favorire to favor. See Favor.]
1. A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor;
one treated with partiality; one preferred above others;
especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors
by a person of high rank or authority.
Committing to a wicked favorite
All public cares.
Milton.
2. pl. Short curls dangling over the
temples; -- fashionable in the reign of Charles II.
[Obs.]
Farquhar.
3. (Sporting) The competitor (as a horse
in a race) that is judged most likely to win; the competitor
standing highest in the betting.
Fa"vor*ite, a. Regarded with particular
affection, esteem, or preference; as, a favorite
walk; a favorite child. \'bdHis
favorite argument.\'b8
Macaulay.
Fa"vor*it*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
favoritisme.] The disposition to favor and
promote the interest of one person or family, or of one class of
men, to the neglect of others having equal claims;
partiality.
A spirit of favoritism to the Bank of the United
States.
A. Hamilton.
Fa"vor*less, a. 1. Unfavored;
not regarded with favor; having no countenance or support.
2. Unpropitious; unfavorable.
[Obs.] \'bdFortune favorless.\'b8
Spenser.
Fa*vose" (?), a. [L.
favus honeycomb.] 1. (Bot.)
Honeycombed. See Faveolate.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the
disease called favus.
Fav"o*site (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus
Favosites.
\'d8Fav`o*si"tes (?), n. [NL.
See Favose.] (Paleon.) A genus of
fossil corals abundant in the Silurian and Devonian rocks, having
polygonal cells with perforated walls.
\'d8Fa"vus (?), n. [L.,
honeycomb.] 1. (Med.) A disease of
the scalp, produced by a vegetable parasite.
2. A tile or flagstone cut into an hexagonal shape
to produce a honeycomb pattern, as in a pavement; -- called also
favas and sectila.
Mollett.
Fawe (?), a. [See
Fain.] Fain; glad; delighted.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fawk"ner (?), n. [See
Falconer.] A falconer.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Fawn (?), n. [OF.
faon the young one of any beast, a fawn, F.
faon a fawn, for fedon, fr. L.
fetus. See Fetus.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A young deer; a buck or doe of the
first year. See Buck.
2. The young of an animal; a whelp.
[Obs.]
[The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her
fawns.
Holland.
3. A fawn color.
Fawn, a. Of the color of a fawn;
fawn-colored.
Fawn, v. i. [Cf. F.
faonner.] To bring forth a fawn.
Fawn, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fawning.] [OE. fawnen,
fainen, fagnien, to rejoice, welcome,
flatter, AS. f\'91gnian to rejoice; akin to Icel.
fagna to rejoice, welcome. See Fain.]
To court favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to
flatter meanly; -- often followed by on or
upon.
You showed your teeth like apes, and fawned like
hounds.
Shak.
Thou with trembling fear,
Or like a fawning parasite, obeyest.
Milton.
Courtiers who fawn on a master while they betray
him.
Macaulay.
Fawn, n. A servile cringe or bow; mean
flattery; sycophancy.
Shak.
Fawn"-col`ored (?), a. Of the
color of a fawn; light yellowish brown.
Fawn"er (?), n. One who fawns;
a sycophant.
Fawn"ing*ly, adv. In a fawning
manner.
Faxed (?), a. [AS.
feaxede haired, fr. feax hair. Cf.
Paxwax.] Hairy. [Obs.]
amden.
Fay (?), n. [F.
f\'82e. See Fate, and cf.
Fairy.] A fairy; an elf.
\'bdYellow-skirted fays.\'b8
Milton.
Fay, n. [OF. fei, F.
foi. See Faith.] Faith; as, by
my fay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fay (f\'be), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. fayed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Faying.]
[OE. feien, v.t. & i., AS. f\'c7gan to
join, unite; akin to OS. f\'d3gian, D.
voegen, OHG. fuogen, G.
f\'81gen, Sw. foga. See Fair, and
cf. Fadge.] (Shipbuilding) To fit;
to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as to make
the surface fit together.
Fay, v. i. (Shipbuilding) To
lie close together; to fit; to fadge; -- often with
in, into, with, or
together.
Faying surface, that surface of an object
which comes with another object to which it is fastened; -- said
of plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in
shipwork.
Fay"al*ite (?), n. [So called
from the island Fayal.] (Min.) A
black, greenish, or brownish mineral of the chrysolite group. It
is a silicate of iron.
\'d8Fa`y*ence" (?), n. See
Fa/ence.
Fay"tour (?), n. See
Faitour. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Faze (?), v. t. See
Feeze.
Faz"zo*let` (?), n. [It.
fazzoletto.] A handkerchief.
[R.]
percival.
Fea"ber*ry (?), n. [Cf. Prov.
E. feabe, theabe, thape.]
(Bot.) A gooseberry. [Prov.
Eng.]
Prior.
Feague (?), v. t. [Cf. G.
fegen to sweep, Icel. f\'91gia to cleanse,
polish, E. fair, fay, to fit,
fey to cleanse.] To beat or whip; to
drive. [Obs.]
Otway.
Fe"al (?), a. [OF.
feal, feel, feeil,
fedeil, F. fid\'8ale, L. fidelis
faithful, fr. fides faith. See Faith.]
Faithful; loyal. [Obs.]
Wright.
Fe"al*ty (?), n. [OE.
faute, OF. faut\'82, fealt\'82,
feel\'82, feelteit, fr. L.
fidelitas, fr. fidelis faithful. See
Feal, and cf. Fidelity.] 1.
Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the
tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the
special oath by which this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a
superior power, or to a government; loyality. It is no longer the
practice to exact the performance of fealty, as a feudal
obligation.
Wharton (Law Dict. ). Tomlins.
2. Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a
friend to a friend, or of a wife to her husband.
He should maintain fealty to God.
I. Taylor.
Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps
The fealty of our friends.
tennyson.
Swore fealty to the new government.
Macaulay.
Fealty is distinguished from
homage, which is an acknowledgment of tenure, while
fealty implies an oath. See Homage.
Wharton.
Syn. -- Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.
Fear (?), n. A variant of
Fere, a mate, a companion. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fear, n. [OE. fer,
feer, fere, AS. f/r a coming
suddenly upon, fear, danger; akin to D. vaar, OHG.
f\'bera danger, G. gefahr, Icel.
f\'ber harm, mischief, plague, and to E.
fare, peril. See Fare.]
1. A painful emotion or passion excited by the
expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger;
apprehension; anxiety; solicitude; alarm; dread.
apprehension,
fear, dread, fright,
terror.
Fear is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought
of future evil likely to befall us.
Locke.
Where no hope is left, is left no fear.
Milton.
2. (Script.) (a) Apprehension
of incurring, or solicitude to avoid, God's wrath; the trembling
and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme Belng.
(b) Respectful reverence for men of authority or
worth.
I will put my fear in their hearts.
Jer. xxxii. 40.
I will teach you the fear of the Lord.
Ps. xxxiv. 11.
render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is
due . . . fear to whom fear.
Rom. xiii. 7.
3. That which causes, or which is the object of,
apprehension or alarm; source or occasion of terror; danger;
dreadfulness.
There were they in great fear, where no fear
was.
Ps. liii. 5.
The fear of your adventure would counsel you to a
more equal enterprise.
Shak.
For fear, in apprehension lest. \'bdFor
fear you ne'er see chain nor money more.\'b8
Shak.
Fear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Feared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fearing.] [OE. feren,
faeren, to frighten, to be afraid, AS.
f/ran to terrify. See Fear,
n.] 1. To feel a painful
apprehension of; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with
emotion of alarm or solicitude.
I will fear no evil, for thou art with me.
Ps. xxiii. 4.
With subordinate clause.
I greatly fear my money is not safe.
Shak.
I almost fear to quit your hand.
D. Jerrold.
2. To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to
avoid the displeasure of.
Leave them to God above; him serve and fear.
Milton.
3. To be anxious or solicitous for.
[R.]
The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children,
therefore . . . I fear you.
Shak.
4. To suspect; to doubt. [Obs.]
Ay what else, fear you not her courage?
Shak.
5. To affright; to terrify; to drive away or
prevent approach of by fear. z2
fera their people from doing evil.
Robynsin (More's utopia).
Tush, tush! fear boys with bugs.
Shak.
Syn. -- To apprehend; drad; reverence; venerate.
Fear, v. i. To be in apprehension of
evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected
evil.
I exceedingly fear and quake.
Heb. xii. 21.
Fear"er (?), n. One who
fars.
Sir P. Sidney.
Fear"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of fera, apprehension, or alarm; afraid;
frightened.
Anxious amidst all their success, and fearful
amidat all their power.
Bp. Warburton.
2. inclined to fear; easily frightened; without
courage; timid.
What man is there that is fearful and
fain-hearted?
Deut. xx. 8.
3. Indicating, or caused by, fear.
Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh.
Shak.
4. Inspiring fear or awe; exciting apprehension or
terror; terrible; frightful; dreadful.
This glorious and fearful name, The Lord thy
God.
Deut. xxviii. 58.
Death is a fearful thing.
Shak.
In dreams they fearful precipices tread.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Apprehensive; afraid; timid; timorous; ho/rible;
distressing; shoking; frightful; dreadful; awful.
Fera"ful*ly, adv. In a fearful
manner.
Fera"ful*ness, n. The state of being
fearful.
Fera"less, a. Free from fear.
Syn. -- Bold; courageous; interpid; valor/ valiant;
brave;undaunted; dauntless; heroic.
-- Fear"less*ly, adv. --
Fera"less*ness, n.
Fear"naught` (?), n. 1.
A fearless person.
2. A stout woolen cloth of great thickness;
dreadnaught; also, a warm garment.
Fear"some (?) a. 1.
Frightful; causing fear [Scotch] \'bdThis
fearsome wind.\'b8
Sir W. Scott
2 . Easily frightened; timid; timorous. \'bdA silly
fearsome thing.\'bd
B. Taylor
<-- p. 548 -->
Fea"si*bil*ity (?) n.; pl.
Feasibilities (-tiz). [from
Feasible] The quality of being feasible;
practicability; also, that which is feasible; as, before we
adopt a plan, let us consider its
feasibility.
Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for
certainties, possibilities for feasibilities.
Sir T. Browne.
Fea"si*ble (?) a. [F.
faisable, fr. faire to make or do, fr. L.
facere. See Fact, Feat.]
1. Capable of being done, executed, or effected;
practicable.
Always existing before their eyes as a thing
feasible in practice.
Burke.
It was not feasible to gratify so many
ambitions.
Beaconsfield.
2. Fit to be used or tailed, as land.
[R.]
R. Trumbull.
Fea"si*ble*ness, n.
--Fea"si*bly, adv.
Feast (?), n. [OE.
feste festival, holiday, feast, OF. feste
festival, F. f\'88te, fr. L. festum, pl.
festa, fr. festus joyful, festal; of
uncertain origin. Cf. Fair, n.,
Festal, F/te.] 1. A
festival; a holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous,
anniversary.
The seventh day shall be a feast to the Lord.
Ex. xiii. 6.
Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the
feast of the passover.
Luke ii. 41.
fasts are called
immovable when they always occur on the same day of
the year; otherwise they are called movable.
2. A festive or joyous meal; a grand, ceremonious,
or sumptuous entertainment, of which many guests partake; a
banquet characterized by tempting variety and abundance of
food.
Enough is as good as a feast.
Old Proverb.
Belshazzar the King made a great feast to a
thousand of his lords.
Dan. v. 1.
3. That which is partaken of, or shared in, with
delight; something highly agreeable; entertainment.
The feast of reason, and the flow of soul.
Pope.
Feast day, a holiday; a day set as a solemn
commemo/ative festival.
Syn. -- Entertainment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal;
festivity; festival. -- Feast,
Banquet, Festival, Carousal. A
feast sets before us viands superior in quantity,
variety, and abudance; a banquet is a luxurious feast;
a festival is the joyful celebration by good cheer of
some agreeable event. Carousal is unrestrained
indulgence in frolic and drink.
Feast, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Feasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Feasting.] [OE. festen, cf.
OF. fester to rest from work, F. f\'88ter
to celebrate a holiday. See Feast, n.]
1. To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich
provisions, particularly in large companies, and on public
festivals.
And his sons went and feasted in their houses.
Job. i. 4.
2. To be highly gratified or delighted.
With my love's picture then my eye doth feast.
Shak.
Feast, v. t. 1. To entertain
with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table bountifully;
as, he was feasted by the king.
Hayward.
2. To delight; to gratify; as, to
feast the soul.
Feast your ears with the music a while.
Shak.
Feast"er (?), n. 1.
One who fares deliciously.
2. One who entertains magnificently.
Johnson.
Feast"ful (?), a. Festive;
festal; joyful; sumptuous; luxurious.
\'bdFeastful days.\'b8
Milton.
-- Feast"ful*ly, adv.
Feat (?), n. [OE.
fet, OF. fet, fait, F.
fait, factum, fr. L. facere,
factum, to make or do. Cf. Fact,
Feasible, Do.] 1. An act; a
deed; an exploit.
The warlike feats I have done.
Shak.
2. A striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a
trick; as, feats of horsemanship, or of
dexterity.
Feat, v. t. To form; to fashion.
[Obs.]
To the more mature,
A glass that feated them.
Shak.
Feat, a. [Compar.
Feater (?); superl.
Featest.] [F. fait made,
shaped, fit, p.p. of faire to make or do. See
Feat, n.] Dexterous in movements
or service; skillful; neat; nice; pretty.
[Archaic]
Never master had a page . . . so feat.
Shak.
And look how well my garments sit upon me --
Much feater than before.
Shak.
Feat"-bod`ied (?), a. Having a
feat or trim body. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Feat"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF.
faitis, faitice, fetis, well
made, fine, L. facticius made by art.]
Dexterous; neat. [Obs.]
Johnson.
-- Feat"e*ous*ly, adv.
Feath"er (?), n. [OE.
fether, AS. fe/der; akin to D.
veder, OHG. fedara, G. feder,
Icel. fj\'94/r, Sw. fj\'84der, Dan.
fj\'91der, Gr. / wing, feather, / to fly, Skr.
pattra wing, feathr, pat to fly, and prob.
to L. penna feather, wing. Pen a feather.] 1. One of the
peculiar dermal appendages, of several kinds, belonging to birds,
as contour feathers, quills, and down.
Down, Quill,
Plumage.
2. Kind; nature; species; -- from the proverbial
phrase, \'bdBirds of a feather,\'b8 that is, of the same
species. [R.]
I am not of that feather to shake off
My friend when he must need me.
Shak.
3. The fringe of long hair on the legs of the
setter and some other dogs.
4. A tuft of peculiar, long, frizzly hair on a
horse.
5. One of the fins or wings on the shaft of an
arrow.
6. (Mach. & Carp.) A longitudinal strip
projecting as a fin from an object, to strengthen it, or to enter
a channel in another object and thereby prevent displacement
sidwise but permit motion lengthwise; a spline.
7. A thin wedge driven between the two
semicylindrical parts of a divided plug in a hole bored in a
stone, to rend the stone.
Knight.
8. The angular adjustment of an oar or paddle-wheel
float, with reference to a horizontal axis, as it leaves or
enters the water.
Feather is used adjectively or in
combination, meaning composed of, or
resembling, a feather or feathers; as,
feather fan, feather-heeled,
feather duster.
Feather alum (Min.), a hydrous
sulphate of alumina, resulting from volcanic action, and from the
decomposition of iron pyrites; -- called also
halotrichite. Ure. --
Feather bed, a bed filled with feathers. --
Feather driver, one who prepares feathers by
beating. -- Feather duster, a dusting brush
of feathers. -- Feather flower, an artifical
flower made of feathers, for ladies' headdresses, and other
ornamental purposes. -- Feather grass
(Bot.), a kind of grass (Stipa pennata)
which has a long feathery awn rising from one of the chaffy
scales which inclose the grain. -- Feather maker,
one who makes plumes, etc., of feathers, real or
artificial. -- Feather ore (Min.),
a sulphide of antimony and lead, sometimes found in capillary
forms and like a cobweb, but also massive. It is a variety of
Jamesonite. -- Feather shot, Feathered shot (Metal.), copper
granulated by pouring into cold water. Raymond. --
Feather spray (Naut.), the spray thrown
up, like pairs of feathers, by the cutwater of a fast-moving
vessel. -- Feather star. (Zo\'94l.)
See Comatula. -- Feather weight.
(Racing) (a) Scrupulously exact weight,
so that a feather would turn the scale, when a jockey is weighed
or weighted. (b) The lightest weight that can
be put on the back of a horse in racing. Youatt.
(c) In wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to
the lightest of the classes into which contestants are
divided; -- in contradistinction to light
weight, middle weight, and heavy
weight.
A feather in the cap an honour, trophy, or
mark of distinction. [Colloq.] -- To be in
full feather, to be in full dress or in one's best
clothes. [Collog.] -- To be in high
feather, to be in high spirits.
[Collog.] -- To cut a feather.
(a) (Naut.) To make the water foam in
moving; in allusion to the ripple which a ship throws off from
her bows. (b) To make one's self
conspicuous.[Colloq.] -- To show the white
feather, to betray cowardice, -- a white feather
in the tail of a cock being considered an indication that he is
not of the true game breed.
Feath"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Feathered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Feathering.] 1. To furnish
with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a cap.
An eagle had the ill hap to be struck with an arrow
feathered from her own wing.
L'Estrange.
2. To adorn, as with feathers; to fringe.
A few birches and oaks still feathered the narrow
ravines.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To render light as a feather; to give wings
to.[R.]
The Polonian story perhaps may feather some tedions
hours.
Loveday.
4. To enrich; to exalt; to benefit.
They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume his
nobility and people to feather himself.
Bacon.
Dryden.
5. To tread, as a cock.
Dryden.
To feather one's nest, to provide for one's
self especially from property belonging to another, confided to
one's care; -- an expression taken from the practice of birds
which collect feathers for the lining of their nests. --
To feather an oar (Naut), to turn it
when it leaves the water so that the blade will be horizontal and
offer the least resistance to air while reaching for another
stroke. -- To tar and feather a person, to
smear him with tar and cover him with feathers, as a punishment
or an indignity.
Feath"er, v. i. 1. To grow or
form feathers; to become feathered; -- often with out;
as, the birds are feathering out.
2. To curdle when poured into another liquid, and
float about in little flakes or \'bdfeathers;\'b8 as, the cream
feathers [Colloq.]
3. To turn to a horizontal plane; -- said of
oars.
The feathering oar returns the gleam.
Tickell.
Stopping his sculls in the air to feather
accurately.
Macmillan's Mag.
4. To have the appearance of a feather or of
feathers; to be or to appear in feathery form.
A clump of ancient cedars feathering in evergreen
beauty down to the ground.
Warren.
The ripple feathering from her bows.
Tennyson.
Feath"er-brained/ (?), a.
Giddy; frivolous; feather-headed.
[Colloq.]
Feath"ered (?), a. 1.
Clothed, covered, or fitted with (or as with) feathers or
wings; as, a feathered animal; a feathered
arrow.
Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury.
Shak.
Nonsense feathered with soft and delicate phrases
and pointed with pathetic accent.
Dr. J. Scott.
2. Furnished with anything featherlike; ornamented;
fringed; as, land feathered with trees.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having a fringe of
feathers, as the legs of certian birds; or of hairs, as the legs
of a setter dog.
4. (Her.) Having feathers; -- said of an
arrow, when the feathers are of a tincture different from that of
the shaft.
Feath"er-edge/ (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The thin, new growth around the edge
of a shell, of an oyster.
2. Any thin, as on a board or a razor.
Feath"er-edged/ (?), a. Having
a feather-edge; also, having one edge thinner than the other, as
a board; -- in the United States, said only of stuff one edge of
which is made as thin as practicable.
Feath"er-few/ (?), n.
(Bot.) Feverfew.
Feath"er-foil` (?), n.
[Feather + foil a leaf.]
(Bot.) An aquatic plant (Hottonia
palustris), having finely divided leaves.
Feath"er-head` (?), n. A
frivolous or featherbrained person. [Colloq.]
H. James.
Feath"er-head`ed (?), a. Giddy;
frivolous; foolish. [Colloq.]
G. Eliot.
Feath"er-heeled` (?), a.
Light-heeled; gay; frisky; frolicsome.
[Colloq.]
Feath"er*ness (?), n. The state
or condition of being feathery.
Feath"er*ing, n. 1.
(Arch.) Same as Foliation.
2. The act of turning the blade of the oar, as it
rises from the water in rowing, from a vertical to a horizontal
position. See To feather an oar, under
Feather, v. t.
3. A covering of feathers.
Feathering float (Naut.), the float
or paddle of a feathering wheel. -- Feathering
screw (Naut.), a screw propeller, of which
the blades may be turned so as to move edgewise through the water
when the vessel is moving under sail alone. --
Feathering wheel (Naut.), a paddle
wheel whose floats turn automatically so as to dip about
perpendicularly into the water and leave in it the same way,
avoiding beating on the water in the descent and lifting water in
the ascent.
Feath"er*less, a. Destitute of
feathers.
Feath"er*ly, a. Like feathers.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Feath"er-pat"ed (?), a.
Feather-headed; frivolous. [Colloq.]
Sir W. Scott.
Feath"er-veined` (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the veins (of a leaf) diverging
from the two sides of a midrib.
Feat"er*y (?), a. Pertaining
to, or resembling, feathers; covered with, or as with, feathers;
as, feathery spray or snow.
Milton.
Ye feathery people of mid air.
Barry Cornwall.
Feat"ly (?), adv. [From
Feat, a.] Neatly; dexterously;
nimbly. [Archaic]
Foot featly here and there.
Shak.
Feat"ness, n. Skill; adroitness.
[Archaic]
Johnson.
Fea"ture (?; 135), n. [OE.
feture form, shape, feature, OF. faiture
fashion, make, fr. L. factura a making, formation, fr.
facere, factum, to make. See Feat,
Fact, and cf. Facture.] 1.
The make, form, or outward appearance of a person; the whole
turn or style of the body; esp., good appearance.
What needeth it his feature to descrive?
Chaucer.
Cheated of feature by dissembling nature.
Shak.
2. The make, cast, or appearance of the human face,
and especially of any single part of the face; a lineament.
(pl.) The face, the countenance.
It is for homely features to keep home.
Milton.
3. The cast or structure of anything, or of any
part of a thing, as of a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an
essay; any marked peculiarity or characteristic; as, one of
the features of the landscape.
And to her service bind each living creature
Through secret understanding of their feature.
Spenser.
4. A form; a shape. [R.]
So scented the grim feature, and upturned
His nostril wide into the murky air.
Milton.
Fea"tured (?; 135), a. 1.
Shaped; fashioned.
How noble, young, how rarely featured!
Shak.
2. Having features; formed into features.
The well-stained canvas or the featured stone.
Young.
Fea"ture*less (?; 135), a.
Having no distinct or distinctive features.
Fea"ture*ly, a. Having features; showing
marked peculiarities; handsome. [R.]
Featurely warriors of Christian chivalry.
Coleridge.
Feaze (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Feazed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Feazing.]
[Cf. OE. faseln to ravel, fr. AS.
f\'91s fringe; akin to G. fasen to separate
fibers or threads, fasen, faser, thread,
filament, OHG. faso.] To untwist; to
unravel, as the end of a rope.
Johnson.
Feaze, v. t. [See Feese.<-- now
faze-->] To beat; to chastise; also, to
humble; to harass; to worry. [Obs.]
insworth.
Feaze, n. A state of anxious or fretful
excitement; worry; vexation. [Obs.]
Feaz"ings (?), n. pl. [See
Feaze, v. t.] (Naut.)
The unlaid or ragged end of a rope.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Fe*bric"i*tate (?), v. i. [L.
febricitare, fr. febris. See
Febrile.] To have a fever.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Fe*bric"u*lose` (?), a. [L.
febriculosus.] Somewhat feverish.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Feb`ri*fa"cient (?), a. [L.
febris fever + faciens, p.pr. of
facere to make.] Febrific.
Dunglison.
-- n. That which causes fever.
Beddoes.
Fe*brif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
febris fever + -ferous.] Causing
fever; as, a febriferous locality.
Fe*brif"ic (?), a. [L.
febris fever + ficare (in comp.) to make.
See fy-.] Producing fever.
Dunglison.
Fe*brif"u*gal (? , a.
[See Febrifuge.] Having the quality of
mitigating or curing fever.
Boyle.
Feb"ri*fuge (?), n. [L.
febris fever + fugare to put to flight,
from fugere to flee: cf. F. f\'82brifuge.
see Febrile, Feverfew.] (Med.)
A medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever. --
a. Antifebrile.
Fe"brile (?; 277), a. [F.
f\'82brile, from L. febris fever. See
Fever.] Pertaining to fever; indicating
fever, or derived from it; as, febrile symptoms;
febrile action.
Dunglison.
Feb"ru*a*ry (?), n. [L.
Februarius, orig., the month of expiation, because on
the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation and
purification was held, fr. februa, pl., the Roman
festival or purification; akin to februare to purify,
expiate.] The second month in the year, said to have
been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years
this month contains twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap
year, it has twenty-nine days.
Feb`ru*a"tion (?), n. [L.
februatio. See february.]
Purification; a sacrifice. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fe"cal (?), a. [Cf. F.
f\'82cal. See Feces.] relating to,
or containing, dregs, feces, or ordeure; f\'91cal.
Fec"che (?), v. t. To
fetch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fe"ces (?), n. pl. dregs;
sediment; excrement. See F\'92ces.
<-- p. 549 -->
Fe"cial (?), a. [L.
fetialis belonging to the fetiales, the
Roman priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction
from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.]
Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of
peace; as, fecial law.
Kent.
Fe"ci*fork` (?), n.
[Feces + fork.]
(Zo\'94l.) The anal fork on which the larv\'91 of
certain insects carry their f\'91ces.
Feck"less (?), a. [Perh. a
corruption of effectless.] Spiritless;
weak; worthless. [Scot]
Fecks (?), n. A corruption of
the word faith.
Shak.
Fec"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Fecul\'92 [L.fae/ula burnt
tartar or salt of tartar, dim. of faex,
faecis, sediment, dregs: cf. F.
f\'82cule.] Any pulverulent matter obtained
from plants by simply breaking down the texture, washing with
water, and subsidence. Especially: (a) The
nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; -- called also
amylaceous fecula. (b) The
green matter of plants; chlorophyll.
Fec"u*lence (?), n. [L.
faeculentia dregs, filth: cf. F.
f\'82culence.] 1. The state or
quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.
2. That which is feculent; sediment; lees;
dregs.
Fec"u*len*cy (?), n.
Feculence.
Fec"u*lent (?), a. [L.
faeculentus, fr. faecula: cf. F.
f\'82culent. See Fecula.] Foul
with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with sediment or
excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.
Both his hands most filthy feculent.
Spenser.
Fec"und (?), a. [L.
fecundus, from the root of fetus: cf. F.
f\'82cond. see Fetus.] Fruitful in
children; prolific.
Graunt.
Fec"un*date (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fecundated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fecundating
(?).] [L. fecundare, fr.
fecundus. See Fecund.] 1.
To make fruitful or prolific.
W. Montagu.
2. (Biol.) To render fruitful or
prolific; to impregnate; as, in flowers the pollen
fecundates the ovum through the stigma.
Fec`un*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
f\'82condation.] (Biol.) The act
by which, either in animals or plants, material prepared by the
generative organs the female organism is brought in contact with
matter from the organs of the male, so that a new organism
results; impregnation; fertilization.
Fe*cun"di*fy (?), v. t.
[Fecund + -fy.] To make
fruitful; to fecundate.
Johnson.
Fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L.
fecunditas: cf. F. f\'82condit\'82. See
Fecund.] 1. The quality or power of
producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially (Biol.), the
quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and in great
numbers.
2. The power of germinating; as in seeds.
3. The power of bringing forth in abundance;
fertility; richness of invention; as, the fecundity
of God's creative power.
Bentley.
Fed (?), imp. & p. p. of
Feed.
Fed"a*ry (?), n. A
feodary. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fed"er*al (?), a. [L.
foedus league, treaty, compact; akin to
fides faith: cf. F. f\'82d\'82ral. see
Faith.] 1. Pertaining to a league or
treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties,
especially between nations; constituted by a compact between
parties, usually governments or their representatives.
The Romans compelled them, contrary to all federal
right, . . . to part with Sardinia.
Grew.
2. Specifically: (a) Composed of states or
districts which retain only a subordinate and limited
sovereignty, as the Union of the United States, or the
Sonderbund of Switzerland. (b)
Consisting or pertaining to such a government; as, the
Federal Constitution; a Federal
officer. (c) Friendly or devoted to such
a government; as, the Federal party. see
Federalist.
Federal Congress. See under
Congress.
Fed"er*al, n. See
Federalist.
Fed"er*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
f\'82d\'82ralisme.] the principles of
Federalists or of federal union.
Fed"er*al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
f\'82d\'82raliste.] An advocate of
confederation; specifically (Amer. Hist.), a friend of
the Constitution of the United States at its formation and
adoption; a member of the political party which favored the
administration of president Washington.
Fed"er*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Federalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Federalizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
f\'82d\'82raliser.] To unite in compact, as
different States; to confederate for political purposes; to unite
by or under the Federal Constitution.
Barlow.
Fed"er*a*ry (?), n. [See
Federal.] A partner; a confederate; an
accomplice. [Obs.]
hak.
Fed"er*ate (?), a. [L.
foederatus, p.p. of foederare to establish
by treaty or league, fr. foedus. See
Federal.] United by compact, as
sovereignties, states, or nations; joined in confederacy;
leagued; confederate; as, federate
nations.
Fed`er*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
f\'82d\'82ration.] 1. The act of
uniting in a league; confederation.
2. A league; a confederacy; a federal or
confederated government.
Burke.
Fed"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
f\'82d\'82ratif.] Uniting in a league;
forming a confederacy; federal. \'bdA federative
society.\'b8
Burke.
Fed"i*ty (?), n. [L.
foeditas, fr. foedus foul, fikthy.]
Turpitude; vileness. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Fee (?), n. [OE. fe,
feh, feoh, cattle, property, money, fiet,
AS. feoh cattle, property, money; the senses of
\'bdproperty, money,\'b8 arising from cattle being used in early
times as a medium of exchange or payment, property chiefly
consisting of cattle; akin to OS. feuh cattle,
property, D. vee cattle, OHG. fihu,
fehu, G. vieh, Icel. f/
cattle, property, money, Goth. fa\'a1hu, L.
pecus cattle, pecunia property. money, Skr.
pa/u cattle, perh. orig., \'bda fastened or tethered
animal,\'b8 from a root signifying to bind, and perh.
akin to E. fang, fair, a.; cf.
OF. fie, flu, feu,
fleu, fief, F. fief, from
German, of the same origin. the sense fief is due to
the French. / 249. Cf. Feud, Fief,
Fellow, Pecuniary.] 1.
property; possession; tenure. \'bdLaden with rich
fee.\'b8
Spenser.
Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee.
Wordsworth.
2. Reward or compensation for services rendered or
to be rendered; especially, payment for professional services, of
optional amount, or fixed by custom or laws; charge; pay;
perquisite; as, the fees of lawyers and physicians;
the fees of office; clerk's fees; sheriff's
fees; marriage fees, etc.
To plead for love deserves more fee than hate.
Shak.
3. (Feud. Law) A right to the use of a
superior's land, as a stipend for services to be performed; also,
the land so held; a fief.
4. (Eng. Law) An estate of inheritance
supposed to be held either mediately or immediately from the
sovereign, and absolutely vested in the owner.
absolute fee, or fee
simple, is land which a man holds to himself and his heirs
forever, who are called tenants in fee simple. In
modern writers, by fee is usually meant fee
simple. A limited fee may be a
qualitified or base fee, which ceases with
the existence of certain conditions; or a conditional
fee, or fee tail, which is limited to particular
heirs.
Blackstone.
5. (Amer. Law) An estate of inheritance
belonging to the owner, and transmissible to his heirs,
absolutely and simply, without condition attached to the
tenure.
Fee estate (Eng. Law), land or
tenements held in fee in consideration or some acknowledgment or
service rendered to the lord. -- Fee farm
(Law), land held of another in fee, in
consideration of an annual rent, without homage, fealty, or any
other service than that mentioned in the feoffment; an estate in
fee simple, subject to a perpetual rent.
Blackstone. -- Fee farm rent (Eng.
Law), a perpetual rent reserved upon a conveyance in
fee simple. -- Fee fund (Scot. Law),
certain court dues out of which the clerks and other court
officers are paid. -- Fee simple
(Law), an absolute fee; a fee without conditions
or limits.
Buy the fee simple of my life for an hour and a
quarter.
Shak.
-- Fee tail (Law), an estate of
inheritance, limited and restrained to some particular
heirs. Burill.
Fee (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Feed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Feeing.] To reward for
services performed, or to be performed; to recompense; to hire or
keep in hire; hence, to bribe.
The patient . . . fees the doctor.
Dryden.
There's not a one of them but in his house
I keep a servant feed.
Shak.
Fee"ble (?), a.
[Compar. Feebler (?);
superl. Feeblest (?).]
[OE. feble, OF. feble,
flebe, floibe, floible,
foible, F. faible, L. flebilis
to be wept over, lamentable, wretched, fr. flere to
weep. Cf. Foible.] 1. Deficient in
physical strenght; weak; infirm; debilitated.
Carried all the feeble of them upon asses.
2 Chron. xxviii. 15.
2. Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or
expression; not full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint;
as, a feeble color; feeble
motion. \'bdA lady's feeble voice.\'b8
Shak.
Fee"ble, v. t. To make feble; to
enfeeble. [Obs.]
Shall that victorious hand be feebled here?
Shak.
Fee"ble-mind"ed (?), a. Weak in
intellectual power; wanting firmness or constancy; irresolute;
vacilating; imbecile. \'bdcomfort the
feeble-minded.\'b8
1 Thess. v. 14.
-- Fee"ble-mind"ed*ness,
n.
Fee"ble*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being feeble; debility; infirmity.
That shakes for age and feebleness.
Shak.
Fee"bly (?), adv. In a feeble
manner.
The restored church . . . contended feebly, and
with half a heart.
Macaulay.
Feed (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Feeding
(?).] [AS. f/dan, fr.
f/da food; akin to C?. f/dian, OFries
f/da, f/da, D. voeden, OHG.
fuottan, Icel. f\'91/a, Sw.
f\'94da, Dan. f\'94de. / 75. See
Food.] 1. To give food to; to supply
with nourishment; to satisfy the physical huger of.
If thine enemy hunger, feed him.
Rom. xii. 20.
Unreasonable reatures feed their young.
Shak.
2. To satisfy; grafity or minister to, as any
sense, talent, taste, or desire.
I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.
Shak.
Feeding him with the hope of liberty.
Knolles.
3. To fill the wants of; to supply with that which
is used or wasted; as, springs feed ponds; the
hopper feeds the mill; to feed a furnace with
coal.
4. To nourish, in a general sense; to foster,
strengthen, develop, and guard.
Thou shalt feed people Israel.
2 Sam. v. 2.
Mightiest powers by deepest calms are feed.
B. Cornwall.
5. To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as
herbage by cattle; as, if grain is too forward in autumn,
feed it with sheep.
Once in three years feed your mowing lands.
Mortimer.
6. To give for food, especially to animals; to
furnish for consumption; as, to feed out turnips to
the cows; to feed water to a steam boiler.
7. (Mach.) (a) To supply (the
material to be operated upon) to a machine; as, to
feed paper to a printing press. (b)
To produce progressive operation upon or with (as in wood
and metal working machines, so that the work moves to the cutting
tool, or the tool to the work).
Feed, v. i. 1. To take food; to
eat.
Her kid . . . which I afterwards killed because it would not
feed.
De Foe.
2. To subject by eating; to satisfy the appetite;
to feed one's self (upon something); to prey; -- with
on or upon.
Leaving thy trunk for crows to feed upon.
Shak.
3. To be nourished, strengthened, or satisfied, as
if by food. \'bdHe feeds upon the cooling
shade.\'b8
Spenser.
4. To place cattle to feed; to pasture; to
graze.
If a man . . . shall put in his beast, and shall
feed in anothe/ man's field.
Ex. xxii. 5.
Feed (?), n. 1. That
which is eaten; esp., food for beasts; fodder; pasture; hay;
grain, ground or whole; as, the best feed for
sheep.
2. A grazing or pasture ground.
Shak.
3. An allowance of provender given to a horse, cow,
etc.; a meal; as, a feed of corn or oats.
4. A meal, or the act of eating.
[R.]
For such pleasure till that hour
At feed or fountain never had I found.
Milton.
5. The water supplied to steam boilers.
6. (Mach.) (a) The motion, or
act, of carrying forward the stuff to be operated upon, as cloth
to the needle in a sewing machine; or of producing progressive
operation upon any material or object in a machine, as, in a
turning lathe, by moving the cutting tool along or in the
work. (b) The supply of material to a
machine, as water to a steam boiler, coal to a furnace, or grain
to a run of stones. (c) The mechanism by
which the action of feeding is produced; a feed motion.
Feed bag, a nose bag containing feed for a
horse or mule. -- Feed cloth, an apron for
leading cotton, wool, or other fiber, into a machine, as for
carding, etc. -- Feed door, a door to a
furnace, by which to supply coal. -- Feed head.
(a) A cistern for feeding water by gravity to a
steam boiler. (b) (Founding) An
excess of metal above a mold, which serves to render the casting
more compact by its pressure; -- also called a
riser, deadhead, or simply
feed or head
Knight. -- Feed heater. (a)
(Steam Engine) A vessel in which the feed water
for the boiler is heated, usually by exhaust steam.
(b) A boiler or kettle in which is heated food for
stock. -- Feed motion, Feed
gear (Mach.), the train of mechanism
that gives motion to the part that directly produces the feed in
a machine. -- Feed pipe, a pipe for supplying
the boiler of a steam engine, etc., with water. -- Feed
pump, a force pump for supplying water to a steam
boiler, etc. -- Feed regulator, a device for
graduating the operation of a feeder. Knight. --
Feed screw, in lathes, a long screw employed to
impart a regular motion to a tool rest or tool, or to the
work. -- Feed water, water supplied to a
steam boiler, etc. -- Feed wheel
(Mach.), a kind of feeder. See Feeder,
n., 8.
Feed"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, gives food or supplies nourishment;
steward.
A couple of friends, his chaplain and feeder.
Goldsmith.
2. One who furnishes incentives; an
encourager. \'bdThe feeder of my riots.\'b8
Shak.
3. One who eats or feeds; specifically, an animal
to be fed or fattened.
With eager feeding, food doth choke the feeder.
Shak.
4. One who fattens cattle for slaughter.
5. A stream that flows into another body of water;
a tributary; specifically (Hydraulic Engin.), a water
course which supplies a canal or reservoir by gravitation or
natural flow.
6. A branch railroad, stage line, or the like; a
side line which increases the business of the main line.
7. (Mining) (a) A small lateral
lode falling into the main lode or mineral vein.
Ure. (b) A strong discharge of gas from a
fissure; a blower. Raymond.
8. (Mach.) An auxiliary part of a
machine which supplies or leads along the material operated
upon.
9. (Steam Engine) A device for supplying
steam boilers with water as needed.
Feed"ing, n. 1. the act of
eating, or of supplying with food; the process of
fattening.
2. That which is eaten; food.
3. That which furnishes or affords food, especially
for animals; pasture land.
Feeding bottle. See under
Bottle.
Fee`-faw`-fum" (?), n. A
nonsensical exclamation attributed to giants and ogres; hence,
any expression calculated to impose upon the timid and
ignorant. \'bdImpudent fee-faw-fums.\'b8
J. H. Newman.
Fee"jee (?), a. & n.
(Ethnol) See Fijian.
Feel (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Felt (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Feeling.]
[AS. f/lan; akin to OS. gif/lian
to perceive, D. voelen to feel, OHG.
fuolen, G. f\'81hlen, Icel.
f\'belma to grope, and prob. to AS. folm
paim of the hand, L. palma. Cf. Fumble,
Palm.] 1. To perceive by the touch;
to take cognizance of by means of the nerves of sensation
distributed all over the body, especially by those of the skin;
to have sensation excited by contact of (a thing) with the body
or limbs.
Who feel
Those rods of scorpions and those whips of steel.
Creecn.
2. To touch; to handle; to examine by touching;
as, feel this piece of silk; hence, to make
trial of; to test; often with out.
Come near, . . . that I may feel thee, my son.
Gen. xxvii. 21.
He hath this to feel my affection to your
honor.
Shak.
3. To perceive by the mind; to have a sense of; to
experience; to be affected by; to be sensible of, or sensetive
to; as, to feel pleasure; to feel
pain.
Teach me to feel another's woe.
Pope.
Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil
thing.
Eccl. viii. 5.
He best can paint them who shall feel them
most.
Pope.
Mankind have felt their strength and made it
felt.
Byron.
4. To take internal cognizance of; to be conscious
of; to have an inward persuasion of.
For then, and not till then, he felt himself.
Shak.
5. To perceive; to observe.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
To feel the helm (Naut.), to obey
it.
<-- p. 550 -->
Feel (?), v. i. 1. To
have perception by the touch, or by contact of anything with the
nerves of sensation, especially those upon the surface of the
body.
2. To have the sensibilities moved or
affected.
[She] feels with the dignity of a Roman matron
.
Burke.
And mine as man, who feel for all mankind.
Pope.
3. To be conscious of an inward impression, state
of mind, persuasion, physical condition, etc.; to perceive one's
self to be; -- followed by an adjective describing the state,
etc.; as, to feel assured, grieved,
persuaded.
I then did feel full sick.
Shak.
4. To know with feeling; to be conscious; hence, to
know certainly or without misgiving.
Garlands . . . which I feel
I am not worthy yet to wear.
Shak.
5. To appear to the touch; to give a perception; to
produce an impression by the nerves of sensation; -- followed by
an adjective describing the kind of sensation.
Blind men say black feels rough, and white
feels smooth.
Dryden.
To feel after, to search for; to seek to find;
to seek as a person groping in the dark. \'bdIf haply they might
feel after him, and find him.\'b8
Acts xvii. 27.
- To feel of, to examine by
touching.
Feel (?), n. 1.
Feeling; perception. [R.]
To intercept and have a more kindly feel of its
genial warmth.
Hazlitt.
2. A sensation communicated by touching; impression
made upon one who touches or handles; as, this leather has a
greasy feel.
The difference between these two tumors will be distinguished
by the feel.
S. Sharp.
Feel"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, feels.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the sense organs or
certain animals (as insects), which are used in testing objects
by touch and in searching for food; an antenna; a palp.
Insects . . . perpetually feeling and searching before them
with their feelers or antenn\'91.
Derham.
3. Anything, as a proposal, observation, etc., put
forth or thrown out in order to ascertain the views of others;
something tentative.
Feel"ing, a. 1. Possessing
great sensibility; easily affected or moved; as, a
feeling heart.
2. Expressive of great sensibility; attended by, or
evincing, sensibility; as, he made a feeling
representation of his wrongs.
Feel"ing, n. 1. The sense by
which the mind, through certain nerves of the body, perceives
external objects, or certain states of the body itself; that one
of the five senses which resides in the general nerves of
sensation distributed over the body, especially in its surface;
the sense of touch; nervous sensibility to external
objects.
Why was the sight
To such a tender ball as the eye confined, . . .
And not, as feeling, through all parts diffused?
Milton.
2. An act or state of perception by the sense above
described; an act of apprehending any object whatever; an act or
state of apprehending the state of the soul itself;
consciousness.
The apprehension of the good
Gives but the greater feeling to the worse.
Shak.
3. The capacity of the soul for emotional states; a
high degree of susceptibility to emotions or states of the
sensibility not dependent on the body; as, a man of
feeling; a man destitute of feeling.
4. Any state or condition of emotion; the exercise
of the capacity for emotion; any mental state whatever; as, a
right or a wrong feeling in the heart; our angry or
kindly feelings; a feeling of pride or of
humility.
A fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind.
Garrick.
Tenderness for the feelings of others.
Macaulay.
5. That quality of a work of art which embodies the
mental emotion of the artist, and is calculated to affect
similarly the spectator.
Fairholt.
Syn. -- Sensation; emotion; passion; sentiment; agitation;
opinion. See Emotion, Passion,
Sentiment.
Feel"ing*ly, adv. In a feeling manner;
pathetically; sympathetically.
Feere (?), n. [See
Fere, n.] A consort, husband or
wife; a companion; a fere. [Obs.]
Feese (?), n. [Cf. OE.
fesien to put to flight, AS. f\'c7sian,
f\'dfsian, f\'dfsan, fr. f\'d4s,
prompt, willing.] the short run before a leap.
[Obs.]
Nares.
Feet (?), n. pl. See
Foot.
Feet, n. [See Feat,
n.] Fact; performance.
[Obs.]
Feet"less, a. Destitute of feet; as,
feetless birds.
Feeze (?), v. t. [For sense 1,
cf. F. visser to screw, vis screw, or 1st
E. feaze, v.t.: for sense 2, see
Feese.] 1. To turn, as a
screw. [Scot]
Jamieson.
2. To beat; to chastise; to humble; to worry.
[Obs.] [Written also feaze,
feize, pheese.]
Beau. & Fl.
To feeze up, to work into a passion.
[Obs.]
Feeze, n. Fretful excitement.
[Obs.] See Feaze.
\'d8Feh"ling (?), n.
(Chem.) See Fehling's solution,
under Solution.
Feh"mic (?), a. See
Vehmic.
Feign (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Feigned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Feigning.] [OE. feinen, F.
feindre (p. pr. feignant), fr. L.
fingere; akin to L. figura figure,and E.
dough. See Dough, and cf. Figure,
Faint, Effigy, Fiction.]
1. To give a mental existence to, as to something
not real or actual; to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to
form and relate as if true.
There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou
feignest them out of thine own heart.
Neh. vi. 8.
The poet
Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and
floods.
Shak.
2. To represent by a false appearance of; to
pretend; to counterfeit; as, to feign a
sickness.
Shak.
3. To dissemble; to conceal.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Feigned (?), a. Not real or
genuine; pretended; counterfeit; insincere; false. \'bdA
feigned friend.\'b8
Shak.
Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of
feigned lips.
Ps. xvii. 1.
-- Feign"ed*ly (#), adv.
-- Feign"ed*ness, n.
Her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her
whole heart, but feignedly.
Jer. iii. 10.
Feigned issue (Law), an issue
produced in a pretended action between two parties for the
purpose of trying before a jury a question of fact which it
becomes necessary to settle in the progress of a cause.
Burill. Bouvier.
Feign"er (?), n. One who feigns
or pretends.
Feign"ing, a. That feigns; insincere;
not genuine; false.
-- Feign"ing*ly, adv.
Feine (?), v. t. & i. To
feign. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Feint (?), a. [F.
feint, p.p. of feindre to feign. See
Feign.] Feigned; counterfeit.
[Obs.]
Dressed up into any feint appearance of it.
Locke.
Feint, n. [F. feinte, fr.
feint. See Feint, a.]
1. That which is feigned; an assumed or false
appearance; a pretense; a stratagem; a fetch.
Courtley's letter is but a feint to get off.
Spectator.
2. A mock blow or attack on one part when another
part is intended to be struck; -- said of certain movements in
fencing, boxing, war, etc.
Feint, v. i. To make a feint, or mock
attack.
\'d8Fei`tsui" (?), n.
(Min.) The Chinese name for a highly prized
variety of pale green jade. See Jade.
Feize (?), v. t. See
Feeze, v. t.
Fel"an*ders (?), n. pl. See
Filanders.
{ Feld"spar` (?), Feld"spath`
(?) }, n. [G.
feldspath; feld field + spath
spar.] (Min.) A name given to a group of
minerals, closely related in crystalline form, and all silicates
of alumina with either potash, soda, lime, or, in one case,
baryta. They occur in crystals and crystalline masses, vitreous
in luster, and breaking rather easily in two directions at right
angles to each other, or nearly so. The colors are usually white
or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or greenish.
orthoclastic) species orthoclase or common
potash feldspar, and the rare hyalophane or baryta
feldspar; also the triclinic species (called in general
plagioclase) microcline, like orthoclase a
potash feldspar; anorthite or lime feldspar;
albite or soda feldspar; also intermediate between the
last two species, labradorite, andesine,
oligoclase, containing both lime and soda in varying
amounts. The feldspars are essential constituents of nearly all
crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss, mica, slate, most kinds of
basalt and trachyte, etc. The decomposition of feldspar has
yielded a large part of the clay of the soil, also the mineral
kaolin, an essential material in the making of fine pottery.
Common feldspar is itself largely used for the same
purpose.
{ Feld*spath"ic (?),
Feld*spath"ose (?) }, a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, feldspar.
Fele (?), a. [AS.
fela, feola; akin to G. viel,
gr. /. See Full, a.] Many.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fe-lic"ify (?), v. t. [L.
felix happy = -fy.] To make
happy; to felicitate. [Obs.]
Quarles.
Fe*lic"i-tate (?), a. [L.
felicitatus, p.p. of felicitare to
felicitate, fr. felix, -icis, happy. See
felicity.] Made very happy.
[Archaic]
I am alone felicitate
In your dear highness' love.
Shak.
Fe*lic"i*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Felicitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
felicitating.] [Cf. F.
f\'82liciter.] 1. To make very
happy; to delight.
What a glorius entertainment and pleasure would fill and
felicitate his spirit.
I. Watts.
2. To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity
to; to call or consider (one's self) happy; to
congratulate.
Every true heart must felicitate itself that its
lot is cast in this kingdom.
W. Howitt.
Syn. -- See Congratulate.
Fe*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. f\'82licitation.] The act of
felicitating; a wishing of joy or happiness;
congratulation.
Fe*lic"i*tous (?), a.
Characterized by felicity; happy; prosperous; delightful;
skilful; successful; happily applied or expressed;
appropriate.
Felicitous words and images.
M. Arnold.
-- Fe*lic"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Fe*lic"i*tous*ness, n.
Fe*lic"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Felicities (#). [OE.
felicite, F. f\'82licit\'82, fr. L.
felicitas, fr. felix, -icis,
happy, fruitful; akin to fetus.] 1.
The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness;
enjoyment of good.
Our own felicity we make or find.
Johnson.
Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and
felicity.
Book of Common Prayer.
2. That which promotes happiness; a successful or
gratifying event; prosperity; blessing.
the felicities of her wonderful reign.
Atterbury.
3. A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; as,
felicity in painting portraits, or in writing or
talking. \'bdFelicity of expression.\'b8
Bp. Warburton.
Syn. -- Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness;
blissfulness. See Happiness.
Fe"line (?), a. [L.
felinus, fr. feles, felis, cat,
prob. orig., the fruitful: cf. F. f\'82lin. See
Fetus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family
Felid\'91; as, the feline race;
feline voracity.
2. Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy;
treacherous; as, a feline nature; feline
manners.
\'d8Fe"lis (?), n. [L.,
cat.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of carnivorous
mammals, including the domestic cat, the lion, tiger, panther,
and similar animals.
Fell (?), imp. of
Fall.
Fell, a. [OE. fel, OF.
fel cruel, fierce, perfidious; cf. AS. fel
(only in comp.) OF. fel, as a noun also accus.
felon, is fr. LL. felo, of unknown origin;
cf. Arm fall evil, Ir. feal, Arm.
falloni treachery, Ir. & Gael. feall to
betray; or cf. OHG. fillan to flay, torment, akin to
E. fell skin. Cf. Felon.] 1.
Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce; savage; ravenous.
While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.
Shak.
2. Eager; earnest; intent.
[Obs.]
I am so fell to my business.
Pepys.
Fell, n. [Cf. L. fel gall,
bile, or E. fell, a.] Gall;
anger; melancholy. [Obs.]
Untroubled of vile fear or bitter fell.
Spenser.
Fell, n. [AS. fell; akin to
D. vel, OHG. fel, G. fell, Icel.
fell (in comp.), Goth fill in
\'edrutsfill leprosy, L. pellis skin, G.
/. Cf. Film, Peel, Pell,
n.] A skin or hide of a beast with the wool
or hair on; a pelt; -- used chiefly in composition, as
woolfell.
We are still handling our ewes, and their fells,
you know, are greasy.
Shak.
Fell (?), n. [Icel.
fell, fjally; akin to Sw.
fj\'84ll a ridge or chain of mountains, Dan.
fjeld mountain, rock and prob. to G. fels
rock, or perh. to feld field, E.
field.] 1. A barren or rocky
hill.
T. Gray.
2. A wild field; a moor.
Dryton.
Fell, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Felled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Felling.] [AS. fellan, a
causative verb fr. feallan to fall; akin to D.
vellen, G. f\'84llen, Icel.
fella, Sw. f\'84lla, Dan.
f\'91lde. See Fall, v. i.]
To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the
ground; to cut down.
Stand, or I'll fell thee down.
Shak.
Fell, n. (Mining) The finer
portions of ore which go through the meshes, when the ore is
sorted by sifting.
Fell, v. t. [Cf. Gael. fill
to fold, plait, Sw. f\'86ll a hem.] To sew
or hem; -- said of seams.
Fell, n. 1. (Sewing)
A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the edges being
folded together and the stitches taken through both
thicknesses.
2. (Weaving) The end of a web, formed by
the last thread of the weft.
Fell"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be
felled.
\'d8Fel"lah (?), n.; pl. Ar.
Fellahin (#), E. Fellahs
(#). [Ar.] A peasant or cultivator
of the soil among the Egyptians, Syrians, etc.
W. M. Thomson.
Fell"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a machine for felling
trees.
Fell"er, n. An appliance to a sewing
machine for felling a seam.
Fell"tare` (?), n. [Cf. AS.
fealafor, and E. fieldfare.]
(Zo\'94l.) The fieldfare.
Fel-lif"lu-ous (?), a. [L.
fellifuus; fel gall + fluere to
flow.] Flowing with gall. [R.]
Johnson.
Fel*lin"ic (?), a. [L.
fel, fellis, gall.] Of, relating
to, or derived from, bile or gall; as, fellinic
acid.
Fell"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer
in fells or sheepskins, who separates the wool from the
pelts.
Fell"ness, n. [See Fell
cruel.] The quality or state of being fell or cruel;
fierce barbarity.
Spenser.
Fel"loe (?), n. See
Felly.
Fel"lon (?), n. Variant of
Felon. [Obs.]
Those two were foes the fellonest on ground.
Spenser.
Fel"low (?), n. [OE.
felawe, felaghe, Icel.
f\'c7lagi, fr. f\'c7lag companionship,
prop., a laying together of property; f\'c7 property +
lag a laying, pl. l\'94g law, akin to
liggja to lie. See Fee, and Law,
Lie to be low.] 1. A companion; a
comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.
The fellows of his crime.
Milton.
We are fellows still,
Serving alike in sorrow.
Shak.
That enormous engine was flanked by two fellows
almost of equal magnitude.
Gibbon.
Judges xi. 37.
2. A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble
or mean man.
Worth makes the man, and want of it, the
fellow.
Pope.
3. An equal in power, rank, character, etc.
It is impossible that ever Rome
Should breed thy fellow.
Shak.
4. One of a pair, or of two things used together or
suited to each other; a mate; the male.
When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to
the fellow and breed.
Holland.
This was my glove; here is the fellow of it.
Shak.
5. A person; an individual.
She seemed to be a good sort of fellow.
Dickens.
6. In the English universities, a scholar who is
appointed to a foundation called a fellowship, which
gives a title to certain perquisites and privileges.
7. In an American college or university, a member
of the corporation which manages its business interests; also, a
graduate appointed to a fellowship, who receives the income of
the foundation.
8. A member of a literary or scientific society;
as, a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Fellow is often used in compound words,
or adjectively, signifying associate,
companion, or sometimes equal. Usually,
such compounds or phrases are self-explanatory; as,
fellow-citizen, or fellow citizen;
fellow-student, or fellow student;
fellow-workman, or fellow workman;
fellow-mortal, or fellow mortal;
fellow-sufferer; bedfellow;
playfellow; workfellow.
Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up
My head to fellow pomp amongst his nobles.
Ford.
Fel"low (?), v. t. To suit
with; to pair with; to match. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fel"low-com"mon*er (?), n. A
student at Cambridge University, England, who commons,
or dines, at the Fellow's table.
Fel"low-crea"ture (?; 135), n.
One of the same race or kind; one made by the same
Creator.
Reason, by which we are raised above our
fellow-creatures, the brutes.
I. Watts.
Fel"low*feel" (?), v. t. To
share through sympathy; to participate in.
[R.]
D. Rodgers.
Fel"low-feel"ing, n. 1.
Sympathy; a like feeling.
2. Joint interest. [Obs.]
Arbuthnot.
Fel"low*less, a. Without fellow or
equal; peerless.
Whose well-built walls are rare and fellowless.
Chapman.
Fel"low*like` (?), a. Like a
companion; companionable; on equal terms; sympathetic.
[Obs.]
Udall.
Fel"low*ly, a. Fellowlike.
[Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 551 -->
Fel"low*ship (?), n. [Fellow +
-ship.] 1. The state or relation of being or
associate.
2. Companionship of persons on equal and friendly
terms; frequent and familiar intercourse.
In a great town, friends are scattered, so that there is not
that fellowship which is in less neighborhods.
Bacon.
Men are made for society and mutual fellowship.
Calamy.
<-- p. 551 -->
3. A state of being together; companionship;
partnership; association; hence, confederation; joint
interest.
The great contention of the sea and skies
Parted our fellowship.
Shak.
Fellowship in pain divides not smart
.
Milton.
Fellowship in woe doth woe assuage
.
Shak.
The goodliest fellowship of famous knights,
Whereof this world holds record.
Tennyson.
4. Those associated with one, as in a family, or a
society; a company.
The sorrow of Noah with his fellowship.
Chaucer.
With that a joyous fellowship issued
Of minstrels.
Spenser.
5. (Eng. & Amer. Universities) A foundation for the
maintenance, on certain conditions, of a scholar called a fellow,
who usually resides at the university.
<-- why "foundation"? stipend is more accurate now. This use is
sense 4 of this dictionary, an "endowment" -->
6. (Arith.) The rule for dividing profit and loss
among partners; -- called also partnership, company, and
distributive proportion.
Good fellowship, companionableness; the spirit and
disposition befitting comrades.
There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good
fellowship in thee.
Shak.
Fel"low*ship (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fellowshiped
(/); p. pr. & vb. n..
Fellowshiping.] (Eccl.) To acknowledge
as of good standing, or in communion according to standards of
faith and practice; to admit to Christian fellowship.
Fel"ly (?), adv. In a fell or cruel
manner; fiercely; barbarously; savagely.
Spenser.
Fel"ly, n.; pl. Fellies
(/). [OE. feli,
felwe, felow, AS. felg,
felge; akin to D. velg, G.
felge, OHG. felga felly (also, a harrow,
but prob. a different word), Dan. felge.]
The exterior wooden rim, or a segment of the rim, of a
wheel, supported by the spokes. [Written also
felloe.]
Break all the spokes and fellies from her
wheel.
Shak.
\'d8Fe"lo-de-se` (?), n.; pl.
Felos-de-se (#). [LL.
felo, E. felon + de of,
concerning + se self.] (Law) One
who deliberately puts an end to his own existence, or loses his
life while engaged in the commission of an unlawful or malicious
act; a suicide.
Burrill.
Fel"on (?), n. [OE., adj.,
cruel, n., villain, ruffian, traitor, whitlow, F.
f\'82lon traitor, in OF. also, villain, fr. LL.
felo. See Fell, a.] 1.
(Law) A person who has committed a felony.
2. A person guilty or capable of heinous
crime.
3. (Med.) A kind of whitlow; a painful
imflammation of the periosteum of a finger, usually of the last
joint.
Syn. -- Criminal; convict; malefactor; culprit.
Fel"on, a. Characteristic of a felon;
malignant; fierce; malicious; cruel; traitorous; disloyal.
Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.
Pope.
Fe*lo"ni-ous (?), a. Having the
quality of felony; malignant; malicious; villainous; traitorous;
perfidious; in a legal sense, done with intent to commit a crime;
as, felonious homicide.
O thievish Night,
Why should'st thou, but for some felonious end,
In thy dark lantern thus close up the stars?
Milton.
-- Fe*lo"ni-ous-ly, adv. --
Fe*lo"ni-ous*ness, n.
Fel"o*nous (?), a. [Cf. OF.
feloneus. Cf. Felonious.] Wicked;
felonious. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fel"on*ry (?), n. A body of
felons; specifically, the convict population of a penal
colony.
Howitt.
Fel"on*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) The bittersweet nightshade (Solanum
Dulcamara). See Bittersweet.
Fel"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Felonies (#). [OE.
felonie cruelty, OF. felonie, F.
f\'82lonie treachery, malice. See Felon,
n.] 1. (Feudal Law) An
act on the part of the vassal which cost him his fee by
forfeiture.
Burrill.
2. (O.Eng.Law) An offense which
occasions a total forfeiture either lands or goods, or both, at
the common law, and to which capital or other punishment may be
added, according to the degree of guilt.
3. A heinous crime; especially, a crime punishable
by death or imprisonment.
felony, in American
law, has lost this point of distinction; and its meaning, where
not fixed by statute, is somewhat vague and undefined; generally,
however, it is used to denote an offense of a high grade,
punishable either capitally or by a term of imprisonment. In
Massachusetts, by statute, any crime punishable by death or
imprisonment in the state prison, and no other, is a
felony; so in New York. the tendency now is to
obliterate the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors; and
this has been done partially in England, and completely in some
of the States of the Union. The distinction is purely arbitrary,
and its entire abolition is only a question of time.
felony is, otherwise than by enumerating the various
kinds of offenses which are so called. originally, the word
felony had a meaning: it denoted all offenses the
penalty of which included forfeiture of goods; but subsequent
acts of Parliament have declared various offenses to be felonies,
without enjoining that penalty, and have taken away the penalty
from others, which continue, nevertheless, to be called
felonies, insomuch that the acts so called have now no
property whatever in common, save that of being unlawful and
purnishable.
J. S. Mill.
To compound a felony. See under Compound,
v. t.
Fel"site (?), n. [Cf.
Feldspar.] (Min.) A finegrained
rock, flintlike in fracture, consisting essentially of orthoclase
feldspar with occasional grains of quartz.
Fel*sit"ic (?), a. relating to,
composed of, or containing, felsite.
{ Fel"spar` (?), Fel"spath`
(?) }, n. (Min.) See
Feldspar.
Fel*spath"ic (?), a. See
Feldspathic.
Fel"stone` (?), n. [From G.
feldstein, in analogy with E.
felspar.] (Min.) See
Felsite.
Felt (?), imp. & p. p.
from Feel.
Felt (?), n. [AS.
felt; akin to D. vilt, G. filz,
and possibly to Gr. / hair or wool wrought into felt, L.
pilus hair, pileus a felt cap or
hat.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of matted
fibers of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact
substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without
spinning or weaving.
It were a delicate stratagem to shoe
A troop of horse with felt.
Shak.
2. A hat made of felt.
Thynne.
3. A skin or hide; a fell; a pelt.
[Obs.]
To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the
felt be loose.
Mortimer.
Felt grain, the grain of timber which is transverse
to the annular rings or plates; the direction of the medullary
rays in oak and some other timber.
Knight.
Felt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Felted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Felting.] 1. To make into
felt, or a feltike substance; to cause to adhere and mat
together.
Sir M. Hale.
2. To cover with, or as with, felt; as, to
felt the cylinder of a steam emgine.
Felt"er (?), v. t. To clot or
mat together like felt.
His feltered locks that on his bosom fell.
Fairfax.
Felt"ing, n. 1. The material of
which felt is made; also, felted cloth; also, the process by
which it is made.
2. The act of splitting timber by the felt
grain.
Fel"try (?), n. [OF.
feltre.] See Felt,
n. [Obs.]
Fe*luc"ca (/), n. [It.
feluca (cf. Sp. faluca, Pg.
falua), fr. Ar. fulk ship, or
harr\'beqah a sort of ship.] (Naut.)
A small, swift-sailing vessel, propelled by oars and lateen
sails, -- once common in the Mediterranean. Sometimes
it is constructed so that the helm may be used at either
end.
Fel"wort` (?), n. [Probably a
corruption of fieldwort.] (Bot.)
A European herb (Swertia perennis) of the Gentian
family.
Fe"male (?), n. [OE.
femel, femal, F. femelle, fr. L.
femella, dim. of femina woman. See
Feminine.] 1. An individual of the
sex which conceives and brings forth young, or (in a wider sense)
which has an ovary and produces ova.
The male and female of each living thing.
Drayton.
2. (Bot.) A plant which produces only
that kind of reproductive organs which are capable of developing
into fruit after impregnation or fertilization; a pistillate
plant.
Fe"male, a. 1. Belonging to the
sex which conceives and gives birth to young, or (in a wider
sense) which produces ova; not male.
As patient as the female dove
When that her golden couplets are disclosed.
Shak.
2. Belonging to an individual of the female sex;
characteristic of woman; feminine; as, female
tenderness. \'bdFemale usurpation.'b8
Milton.
To the generous decision of a female mind, we owe
the discovery of America.
Belknap.
3. (Bot.) Having pistils and no stamens;
pistillate; or, in cryptogamous plants, capable of receiving
fertilization.
Female rhymes (Pros.), double rhymes, or
rhymes (called in French feminine rhymes because they
end in e weak, or feminine) in which two
syllables, an accented and an unaccented one, correspond at the
end of each line.
strain, complain) is called a male rhyme;
one in which the two final syllables of each verse agree, the
last being short (motion, ocean), is called
female.
Brande & C.
-- Female screw, the spiral-threaded cavity
into which another, or male, screw turns.
Nicholson.
Female fern (Bot.), a common species of
fern with large decompound fronds (Asplenium
Filixf\'91mina), growing in many countries; lady
fern.
male fern and female
fern were anciently given to two common ferns; but it is
now understood that neither has any sexual character.
Syn. -- Female, Feminine. We
apply female to the sex or individual, as opposed to
male; also, to the distinctive belongings of women;
as, female dress, female form,
female character, etc.; feminine, to things
appropriate to, or affected by, women; as, feminine
studies, employments, accomplishments, etc. \'bdFemale
applies to sex rather than gender, and is a physiological rather
than a grammatical term. Feminine applies to gender
rather than sex, and is grammatical rather than
physiological.\'b8
Latham.
Fe"mal-ist (?), n. A
gallant. [Obs.]
Courting her smoothly like a femalist.
Marston.
Fe"mal-ize (?), v. t. To make,
or to describe as, female or feminine.
Shaftesbury.
\'d8Feme (? , n. [OF.
feme, F. femme.] (Old Law) A
woman.
Burrill.
Feme covert (Law), a married
woman. See Covert, a., 3. -- Feme
sole (Law), a single or unmarried woman; a
woman who has never been married, or who has been divorced, or
whose husband is dead. -- Feme sole
trader (Eng. Law), a
married woman, by the custom of London, engages in business on
her own account, inpendently of her husband.
Fem"er*al (?), n. (Arch.)
See Femerell.
Fem"er-ell (?), n. [OF.
fumeraille part of a chimney. See
Fume.] (Arch.) A lantern, or
louver covering, placed on a roof, for ventilation or escape of
smoke.
Fem"i-nal (?), a.
Feminine. [Obs.]
West.
Fem`i*nal"i*ty (?), n.
Feminity.
Fem"i-nate (?), a. [L.
feminatus effeminate.] Feminine.
[Obs.]
Fem`i-ne"i-ty (?), n. [L.
femineus womanly.] Womanliness;
femininity.
C. Read/.
Fem"i*nine (?), a. [L.
femininus, fr. femina woman; prob. akin to
L. fetus, or to Gr. / to suck, / to suckle, Skr.
dh\'be to suck; cf. AS. f\'d6mme woman, maid: cf. F.
f\'82minin. See Fetus.] 1.
Of or pertaining to a woman, or to women; characteristic of
a woman; womanish; womanly.
Her letters are remarkably deficient in feminine
ease and grace.
Macaulay.
2. Having the qualities of a woman; becoming or
appropriate to the female sex; as, in a good sense, modest,
graceful, affectionate, confiding; or, in a bad sense, weak,
nerveless, timid, pleasure-loving, effeminate.
Her heavenly form
Angelic, but more soft and feminine.
Milton.
Ninus being esteemed no man of war at all, but altogether
feminine, and subject to ease and delicacy.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Feminine rhyme. (Pros.) See Female
rhyme, under Female, a.
Syn. -- See Female, a.
Fem"i*nine, n. 1. A
woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]
They guide the feminines toward the palace.
Hakluyt.
2. (Gram.) Any one of those words which
are the appellations of females, or which have the terminations
usually found in such words; as, actress,
songstress, abbess,
executrix.
There are but few true feminines in English.
Latham.
Fem"i*nine*ly, adv. In a feminine
manner.
Byron.
Fem"i*nine*ness, n. The quality of being
feminine; womanliness; womanishness.
Fem`i*nin"i*ty (?), n. 1.
The quality or nature of the female sex; womanliness.
2. The female form. [Obs.]
O serpent under femininitee.
Chaucer.
Fe*min"i*ty (?), n.
Womanliness; femininity. [Obs.]
\'bdTrained up in true feminity.\'b8
Spenser.
Fem`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. The
act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.
Fem"i*nize (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
f\'82miniser.] To make womanish or
effeminate.
Dr. H. More.
Fem"i*nye (?), n. [OF.
femenie, feminie, the female sex, realm of
women.] The people called Amazons.
[Obs.] \'bd[The reign of] feminye.\'b8
Chaucer.
\'d8Femme (? , n.
[F.] A woman. See Feme,
n.
Femme de chambre (?). [F.]
A lady's maid; a chambermaid.
Fem"o*ral (?), a. [L.
femur, femoris, thigh: cf. F.
f\'82moral.] Pertaining to the femur or
thigh; as, the femoral artery.
\'bdFemoral habiliments.\'b8 Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Fe"mur (?), n.; pl.
Femora (/). [L. thigh.]
(Anat.) (a) The thigh bone.
(b) The proximal segment of the hind limb
containing the thigh bone; the thigh. See Coxa.
Fen (?), n. [AS.
fen, fenn, marsh, mud, dirt; akin to D.
veen, OFries. fenne, fene, OHG.
fenna, G. fenn, Icel. fen, Goth.
fani mud.] Low land overflowed, or covered
wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse
grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; moor; marsh.
'Mid reedy fens wide spread.
Wordsworth.
Fen is used adjectively with the sense of
belonging to, or of the nature of, a
fen or fens.
Fen boat, a boat of light draught used in
marshes. -- Fen duck (Zo\'94l.), a
wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler. [Prov.
Eng.] -- Fen fowl (Zo\'94l.),
any water fowl that frequent fens. -- Fen
goose (Zo\'94l.), the graylag goose of
Europe. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fen land,
swamp land.
Fence (?), n. [Abbrev. from
defence.] 1. That which fends off attack or
danger; a defense; a protection; a cover; security; shield.
Let us be backed with God and with the seas,
Which he hath given for fence impregnable.
Shak.
A fence betwixt us and the victor's wrath.
Addison.
2. An inclosure about a field or other space, or
about any object; especially, an inclosing structure of wood,
iron, or other material, intended to prevent intrusion from
without or straying from within.
Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold.
Milton.
fence.
3. (Locks) A projection on the bolt,
which passes through the tumbler gates in locking and
unlocking.
4. Self-defense by the use of the sword; the art
and practice of fencing and sword play; hence, skill in debate
and repartee. See Fencing.
Enjoy your dear wit, and gay rhetoric,
That hath so well been taught her dazzing fence.
Milton.
Of dauntless courage and consummate skill in
fence.
Macaulay.
5. A receiver of stolen goods, or a place where
they are received. [Slang]
Mayhew.
Fence month (Forest Law), the month in
which female deer are fawning, when hunting is prohibited.
Bullokar.
-- Fence roof, a covering for defense.
\'bdThey fitted their shields close to one another in manner of a
fence roof.\'b8
Holland.
Fence time, the breeding time of fish or game,
when they should not be killed. -- Rail fence,
a fence made of rails, sometimes supported by posts. --
Ring fence, a fence which encircles a large area,
or a whole estate, within one inclosure. -- Worm
fence, a zigzag fence composed of rails crossing one
another at their ends; -- called also snake
fence, or Virginia rail fence.
-- To be on the fence, to be undecided or
uncommitted in respect to two opposing parties or policies.
[Colloq.]
<-- p. 552 -->
Fence, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Fenced (/); p. pr. & vb. n. Fencing
(?).] 1. To fend off danger
from; to give security to; to protect; to guard.
To fence my ear against thy sorceries.
Milton.
2. To inclose with a fence or other protection; to
secure by an inclosure.
O thou wall! . . . dive in the earth,
And fence not Athens.
Shak.
A sheepcote fenced about with olive trees.
Shak.
To fence the tables (Scot. Church),
to make a solemn address to those who present themselves to
commune at the Lord's supper, on the feelings appropriate to the
service, in order to hinder, so far as possible, those who are
unworthy from approaching the table. McCheyne.
Fence (?), v. i. 1. To
make a defense; to guard one's self of anything, as against an
attack; to give protection or security, as by a fence.
Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more dangerous evil,
and therefore, in the first place, to be fenced
against.
Locke.
2. To practice the art of attack and defense with
the sword or with the foil, esp. with the smallsword, using the
point only.
He will fence with his own shadow.
Shak.
3. Hence, to fight or dispute in the manner of
fencers, that is, by thrusting, guarding, parrying, etc.
They fence and push, and, pushing, loudly roar;
Their dewlaps and their sides are bat/ed in gore.
Dryden.
As when a billow, blown against,
Falls back, the voice with which I fenced
A little ceased, but recommenced.
Tennyson.
Fence"ful (?), a. Affording
defense; defensive. [Obs.]
Congreve.
Fence"less, a. Without a fence;
uninclosed; open; unguarded; defenseless.
Milton.
Fen"cer (?), n. One who fences;
one who teaches or practices the art of fencing with sword or
foil.
As blunt as the fencer's foils.
Shak.
Fen"ci-ble (?), a. Capable of
being defended, or of making or affording defense.
[Obs.]
No fort so fencible, nor walls so strong.
Spenser.
Fen"ci*ble, n. (Mil.) A
soldier enlisted for home service only; -- usually in the
pl.
Fen"cing (?), n. 1.
The art or practice of attack and defense with the sword,
esp. with the s,allword. See Fence, v. i.,
2.
2. Disputing or debating in a manner resembling the
art of fencers.
Shak.
3. The materials used for building fences.
[U.S.]
4. The act of building a fence.
5. To aggregate of the fences put up for inclosure
or protection; as, the fencing of a farm.
Fen" crick`et (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The mole cricket. [Prov. Eng.]
Fend (?), n. A fiend.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fend (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fended; p. pr.
& vb. n. Fending.] [Abbrev. fr.
defend.] To keep off; to prevent from
entering or hitting; to ward off; to shut out; -- often with
off; as, to fend off blows.
With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.
Dryden.
To fend off a boat (Naut.), to prevent its
running against anything with too much violence.
Fend, v. i. To act on the defensive, or
in opposition; to resist; to parry; to shift off.
The dexterous management of terms, and being able to
fend . . . with them, passes for a great part of
learning.
Locke.
Fen"der (?), n. [From
Fend, v. t. & i., cf.
Defender.] One who or that which defends or
protects by warding off harm; as: (a) A
screen to prevent coals or sparks of an open fire from escaping
to the floor. (b) Anything serving as a
cushion to lessen the shock when a vessel comes in contact with
another vessel or a wharf. (c) A screen to
protect a carriage from mud thrown off the wheels: also, a
splashboard. (d) Anything set up to protect
an exposed angle, as of a house, from damage by carriage
wheels.
Fend"liche (?), a.
Fiendlike. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fen"er*ate (?), v. i. [L.
faeneratus, p.p. of faenerari lend on
interest, fr. faenus interest.] To put
money to usury; to lend on interest. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Fen`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
faeneratio.] The act of fenerating;
interest. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Fen`es-tel"la (?), n. [L.,
dim. of fenestra / window.] (Arch.)
Any small windowlike opening or recess, esp. one to show the
relics within an altar, or the like.
\'d8Fe*nes"tra (?), n.; pl.
Fenestr\'91 (#). [L., a
window.] (Anat.) A small opening; esp., one
of the apertures, closed by membranes, between the tympanum and
internal ear.
Fe*nes"tral (?), a. [L.
fenestra a window.] 1.
(Arch.) Pertaining to a window or to
windows.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a
fenestra.
Fe*nes"tral, n. (Arch.) A
casement or window sash, closed with cloth or paper instead of
glass.
Weale.
Fe*nes"trate (?), a. [L.
fenestratus, p.p. of fenestrare to furnish
with openings and windows.] 1. Having
numerous openings; irregularly reticulated; as,
fenestrate membranes; fenestrate
fronds.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having transparent spots,
as the wings of certain butterflies.
Fe*nes"tra*ted (?), a. 1.
(Arch.) Having windows; characterized by
windows.
2. Same as Fenestrate.
Fen`es*tra"tion (?), n. 1.
(Arch.) The arrangement and proportioning of
windows; -- used by modern writers for the decorating of an
architectural composition by means of the window (and door)
openings, their ornaments, and proportions.
2. (Anat.) The state or condition of
being fenestrated.
Fe*nes"trule (?), n. [L.
fenestrula a little window, dim. of
fenestra a window.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the openings in a fenestrated structure.
Fen"gite (?), n. (Min.)
A kind of marble or alabaster, sometimes used for windows on
account of its transparency.
Fe"ni*an (?), n. [From the
Finians or Fenii, the old militia of
Ireland, who were so called from Fin or
Finn, Fionn, or Fingal, a
popular hero of Irish traditional history.] A member
of a secret organization, consisting mainly of Irishment, having
for its aim the overthrow of English rule in ireland.
Fe"ni-an (?), a. Pertaining to
Fenians or to Fenianism.
Fe"ni*an*ism (?), n. The
principles, purposes, and methods of the Fenians.
Fenks (?), n. The refuse whale
blubber, used as a manure, and in the manufacture of Prussian
blue.
Ure.
Fen"nec (?), n. [Ar.
fanek.] (Zo\'94l.) A small,
African, foxlike animal (Vulpes zerda) of a pale fawn
color, remarkable for the large size of its ears.
Fen"nel (?), n. [AS.
fenol, finol, from L. feniculum,
faeniculum, dim. of fenum,
faenum, hay: cf. F. fenouil. Cf.
Fenugreek. Finochio.] (Bot.)
A perennial plant of the genus F\'91niculum
(F.vulgare), having very finely divided leaves. It is
cultivated in gardens for the agreeable aromatic flavor of its
seeds.
Smell of sweetest fennel.
Milton.
A sprig of fennel was in fact the theological
smelling bottle of the tender sex.
S. G. Goodrich.
Azorean, ,
fennel, (F\'91niculum dulce). It
is a smaller and stouter plant than the common fennel, and is
used as a pot herb. -- Dog's fennel
(Anthemis Cotula), a foul-smelling European weed;
-- called also mayweed. -- Fennel
flower (Bot.), an herb (Nigella)
of the Buttercup family, having leaves finely divided, like those
of the fennel. N.Damascena is common in gardens.
N.sativa furnishes the fennel seed, used as a
condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the \'bdfitches\'b8
mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii. 25). -- Fennel water
(Med.), the distilled water of fennel seed. It is
stimulant and carminative. -- Giant fennel
(Ferula communis), has stems full of pith, which,
it is said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus.
-- Hog's fennel, a European plant (Peucedanum
officinale) looking something like fennel.
Fen"nish (?), a. Abounding in
fens; fenny.
Fen"ny (?), a. [AS.
fennig.] Pertaining to, or inhabiting, a
fen; abounding in fens; swampy; boggy. \'bdFenny
snake.\'b8
Shak.
Fen"owed (?), a. [AS.
fynig musty, fynegean to become musty or
filthy: cf. fennig fenny, muddy, dirty, fr.
fen fen. Cf. Finew.] Corrupted;
decayed; moldy. See Vinnewed. [Obs.]
Dr. Favour.
Fen"si-ble (?), a.
Fencible. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fen"-sucked` (?), a. Sucked out
of marches. \'bdFen-sucked fogs.\'b8
Shak.
Fen"u*greek (? , n. [L.
faenum Graecum, lit., Greek hay: cf. F.
fenugrec. Cf. Fennel.]
(Bot.) A plant (trigonella F\'d2num
Gr\'91cum) cultivated for its strong-smelling seeds, which
are \'bdnow only used for giving false importance to horse
medicine and damaged hay.\'b8 J. Smith (Pop. Names of
Plants, 1881).
Feod (?), n. A feud. See 2d
Feud.
Blackstone.
Feod"al (?), a. Feudal. See
Feudal.
Feo*dal"i*ty (?), n. Feudal
tenure; the feudal system. See Feudality.
Burke.
Feod"a*ry (?), n. 1.
An accomplice.
Art thou a feodary for this act?
Shak.
2. (Eng. Law) An ancient officer of the
court of wards.
Burrill.
Feod"a*to*ry (?), n. See
Feudatory.
Feoff (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Feoffed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n..
Feoffing.] [OE. feffen, OF.
feffer, fieffer, F. fieffer, fr.
fief fief; cf. LL. feoffare,
fefare. See Fief.] (Law)
To invest with a fee or feud; to give or grant a corporeal
hereditament to; to enfeoff.
Feoff, n. (Law) A fief. See
Fief.
Feof*fee" (?; 277), n. [OF.
feoff\'82.] (Law) The person to
whom a feoffment is made; the person enfeoffed.
Feoff"ment (?), n. [OF.
feoffement, fieffement; cf. LL.
feoffamentum.] (Law) (a)
The grant of a feud or fee. (b) (Eng.
Law) A gift or conveyance in fee of land or other
corporeal hereditaments, accompanied by actual delivery of
possession.
Burrill.
(c) The instrument or deed by which corporeal
hereditaments are conveyed. [Obs. in the U.S., Rare
in Eng.]
{ Feo"for (?), Feof"fer
(?) }, n. [OF.
feoour.] (Law) One who enfeoffs
or grants a fee.
Fer (?), a. & adv. Far.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fe*ra"cious (?), a. [L.
ferax, -acis, fr. ferre to
bear.] Fruitful; producing abudantly.
[R.]
Thomson.
Fe*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
feracitas.] The state of being feracious or
fruitful. [Obs.]
Beattie.
\'d8Fe"r\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.,
wild animals, fem. pl. of ferus wild.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of mammals which formerly
included the Carnivora, Insectivora, Marsupialia, and lemurs, but
is now often restricted to the Carnivora.
<-- no pos in original = adv. -->
\'d8Fe"r\'91 na*tu"r\'91 (?). [L.]
Of a wild nature; -- applied to animals, as foxes, wild
ducks, etc., in which no one can claim property.
Fe"ral (?), a. [L.
ferus. See Fierce.] (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Wild; untamed; ferine; not domesticated; --
said of beasts, birds, and plants.
<-- also feral child, not raised by humans -->
Fe"ral, a. [L. feralis,
belonging to the dead.] Funereal; deadly; fatal;
dangerous. [R.] \'bdFeral
accidents.\'b8
Burton.
Ferde (?), obs.
imp. of Fare.
Chaucer.
\'d8Fer`-de-lance" (?), n. [F.,
the iron of a lance, lance head.] (Zo\'94l.)
A large, venomous serpent (Trigonocephalus
lanceolatus<-- now Bothrops atrox-->) of Brazil and the
West Indies. It is allied to the rattlesnake, but has no
rattle.
<-- also in Central America. -->
Fer"ding (?), n. [See
Farthing.] A measure of land mentioned in
Domesday Book. It is supposed to have consisted of a few acres
only. [Obs.]
Ferd"ness (?), n. [OE.
ferd fear. See Fear.]
Fearfulness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fere (?), n. [OE.
fere companion, AS. gef, from
f to go, travel, faran to travel.
Fare.] A mate or companion; --
often used of a wife. [Obs.] [Written
also fear and feere.]
Chaucer.
And Cambel took Cambrina to his fere.
Spenser.
In fere, together; in company.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fere, a. [Cf. L. ferus
wild.] Fierce. [Obs.]
Fere, n. [See Fire.]
Fire. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fere, n. [See Fear.]
Fear. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fere, v. t. & i. To fear.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fer`e*to*ry (?), n. [L.
feretrum bier, Gr. /, fr. / to bear, akin to L.
ferre, E. bear to support.] A
portable bier or shrine, variously adorned, used for containing
relics of saints.
Mollett.
Fer"forth` (?), adv. Far
forth. [Obs.]
As ferforth as, as far as. -- So
ferforth, to such a degree.
Fer"forth`ly, adv. Ferforth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fer"gu*son*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A mineral of a brownish black color,
essentially a tantalo-niobate of yttrium, erbium, and cerium; --
so called after Robert Ferguson.
\'d8Fe"ri*a (?), n.; pl.
Feri\'91 (/). (Eccl.)
A week day, esp. a day which is neither a festival nor a
fast.
Shipley.
Fe"ri*al (?), n. Same as
Feria.
Fe"ri*al, a. [LL. ferialis,
fr. L. ferie holidays: cf. F. f\'82rial.
See 5th Fair.] 1. Of or pertaining
to holidays. [Obs.]
J. Gregory.
2. Belonging to any week day, esp. to a day that is
neither a festival nor a fast.
Fe`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L.
feriari to keep holiday, fr. ferie
holidays.] The act of keeping holiday; cessation from
work. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fe"rie (?), n. [OF.
ferie, fr. L. ferie holidays. See 5th
Fair.] A holiday. [Obs.]
Bullokar.
Fe"ri*er (?), a.,
compar. of Fere, fierce.
[Obs.]
Rhenus ferier than the cataract.
Marston.
Fe"rine (?), a. [L.
ferinus, fr. ferus wild. See
Fierce.] Wild; untamed; savage; as,
lions, tigers, wolves, and bears are ferine
beasts.
Sir M. Hale.
-- n. A wild beast; a beast of
prey. -- Fe"rine*ly,
adv. -- Fe"rine*ness,
n.
\'d8Fer*in"gee (?), n. [Per.
Farang\'c6, or Ar. Firanj\'c6, properly, a
Frank.] The name given to Europeans by the
Hindos. [Written also Feringhee.]
Fer"i*ty (?), n. [L.
feritas, from ferus wild.]
Wildness; savageness; fierceness. [Obs.]
Woodward.
Fer"ly (?), a. [AS.
f/rlic sudden, unexpected. See Fear,
n.] Singular; wonderful;
extraordinary. [Obs.] -- n.
A wonder; a marvel. [Obs.]
Who hearkened ever such a ferly thing.
Chaucer.
Fer"ma*cy (?), n. [OE. See
Pharmacy.] Medicine; pharmacy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Ferm, Ferme (?), n.
}[See Farm.] Rent for a farm; a
farm; also, an abode; a place of residence; as, he let his
land to ferm. [Obs.]
Out of her fleshy ferme fled to the place of
pain.
Spenser.
Fer"ment (?), n. [L.
fermentum ferment (in senses 1 & 2), perh. for
fervimentum, fr. fervere to be boiling hot,
boil, ferment: cf. F. ferment. Cf. 1st Barm,
Fervent.] 1. That which causes
fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer.
a) Formed
or organized ferments. (b) Unorganized or
structureless ferments. The latter are also called soluble
, and enzymes.
Ferments of the first class are as a rule simple microscopic
vegetable organisms, and the fermentations which they engender
are due to their growth and development; as, the acetic
ferment, the butyric ferment, etc. See
Fermentation. Ferments of the second class, on the other
hand, are chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and
precipitated by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and,
mainly, hydrolytic. Good examples are pepsin of the dastric
juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt. <-- by 1960
the term "ferment" to mean "enzyme" fell out of use. Enzymes are
now known to be globular proteins, capable of catalyzing
a wide variety of chemical reactions, not merely hydrolytic. The
full set of enzymes causing production of ethyl alcohol from
sugar has been identified and individually purified and studied.
See enzyme -->
2. Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation.
Subdue and cool the ferment of desire.
Rogers.
the nation is in a ferment.
Walpole.
<-- in a ferment in a state of agitation, applied
to human groups. -->
3. A gentle internal motion of the constituent
parts of a fluid; fermentation. [R.]
Down to the lowest lees the ferment ran.
Thomson.
ferment oils, volatile oils produced by the
fermentation of plants, and not originally contained in them.
These were the quintessences of the
alchenists.
Ure.
Fer*ment" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fermented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Fermenting.] [L.
fermentare, fermentatum: cf. F.
fermenter. See Ferment, n.]
To cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to
excite internal emotion in; to heat.
Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your
blood.
Pope.
Fer*ment", v. i. 1. To undergo
fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible
internal motion, as the constituent oarticles of an animal or
vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce.
2. To be agitated or excited by violent
emotions.
But finding no redress, ferment an rage.
Milton.
The intellect of the age was a fermenting
intellect.
De Quincey.
Fer*ment`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of fermentation.
Fer*ment"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
fermentable.] Capable of fermentation;
as, cider and other vegetable liquors are
fermentable.
Fer*ment"al (?), a.
Fermentative. [Obs.]
<-- p. 553 -->
Fer`men*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
fermentation.] 1. The process of
undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in
a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of
an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a
ferment, either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind
according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.
<-- in industrial microbiology -- = the production of chemical
substances by use of microorganisms -->
2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the
intellect or the feelings.
It puts the soul to fermentation and activity.
Jer. Taylor.
A univesal fermentation of human thought and
faith.
C. Kingsley.
Acetous, ,
fermentation, a form of oxidation in which
alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of
a specific fungus or ferment (Mycoderma aceti). The
process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of
the air is essential. An intermediate product, aldehyde, is
formed in the first process.
1.
C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O
Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde.
2.
C2H4O + O = C2H4O2
Aldehyde. Acetic acid.
-- Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which
saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast
plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or
indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action
being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul\'91
develop. -- Ammoniacal fermentation, the
conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate,
through the growth of the special urea ferment.
CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3
Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.
Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for
several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation. --
Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various
forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar
worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid.
It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively
constitute putrefaction. See Lactic
fermentation. -- Fermentation by an
unorganized ferment enzyme.
Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in
which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this
nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into
levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the
conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment,
the conversion of starch into like products by the action of
diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of
albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the
action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the
ferment of the pancreatic juice. -- Fermentation theory
of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory that
most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the
introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments,
or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which
processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See
Germ theory. -- Glycerin fermentation,
the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of
glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some
carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of
the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic
acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium
(Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are
mainly formed. -- Lactic fermentation, the
transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic
acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special
bacterium (Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change
the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid,
presumably passes through the stage of glucose.
C12H22O11.H2O = 4C3H6O3
Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.
In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the
lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric
fermentation after the manner indicated in the following
equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2 (butyric acid)
+ 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas). --
Putrefactive fermentation. See
Putrefaction.
Fer*ment"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
fermentatif.] Causing, or having power to
cause, fermentation; produced by fermentation; fermenting;
as, a fermentative process.
-- Fer*ment"a*tive*ly, adv. --
Fer*ment"a*tive*ness, n.
Fer"mer*ere (?), n. [OF.
enfermerier, fr. enfermerie infirmary. See
Infirmary.] The officer in a religious house
who had the care of the infirmary. [Obs.]
Fer"mil*let (?), n. [OF., dim.
of fermeil, fermail, clasp, prob. fr. OF. &
F. fermer to make fast, fr. ferme fast. See
Firm.] A buckle or clasp.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Fern (?), adv. Long ago.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fern, a. [AS. fyrn.]
Ancient; old. [Obs.] \'bdPilgrimages to . . .
ferne halwes.\'b8 [saints].
Chaucer.
Fern (?), n. [AS.
fearn; akin to D. varen, G.
farn, farnkraut; cf. Skr.
par\'c9a wing, feather, leaf, sort of plant, or Lith.
papartis fern.] (Bot.) An order
of cryptogamous plants, the Filices, which have their
fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are
usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on
trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic
size.
Christmas fern. See under
Christmas. -- Climbing fern
(Bot.), a delicate North American fern
(Lygodium palmatum), which climbs several feet high
over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of
decoration. -- Fern owl.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The European
goatsucker. (b) The short-eared owl.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Fern shaw, a
fern thicket. [Eng.] R. Browning.
Fern"er*y (?), n. A place for
rearing ferns.
Fern"ti*cle (?), n. A freckle
on the skin, resembling the seed of fern. [Prov.
Eng.]
Fern"y (?), a. Abounding in
ferns.
Fe*ro"cious (?), a. [L.
ferox, -ocis, fierce: cf. F.
f\'82roce. See Ferocity.] Fierce;
savage; wild; indicating cruelty; ravenous; rapacious; as,
ferocious look or features; a ferocious
lion.
The humbled power of a ferocious enemy.
Lowth.
Syn. -- Ferocious, Fierce,
Savage, Barbarous. When these
words are applied to human feelings or conduct,
ferocious describes the disposition;
fierce, the haste and violence of an act;
barbarous, the coarseness and brutality by which it
was marked; savage, the cruel and unfeeling spirit
which it showed. A man is ferocious in his temper,
fierce in his actions, barbarous in the
manner of carrying out his purposes, savage in the
spirit and feelings expressed in his words or deeds.
-- Fe*ro"cious*ly, adv. --
Fe*ro"cious*ness, n.
It [Christianity] has adapted the ferociousness of
war.
Blair.
Fe*roc"i*ty (?), n. [L.
ferocitas, fr. ferox, -ocis,
fierce, kin to ferus wild: cf. F.
ferocit\'82. See Fierce.] Savage
wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; as, ferocity
of countenance.
The pride and ferocity of a Highland chief.
Macaulay.
\'d8Fer*o"her (?), n.
(Arch\'91ol.) A symbol of the solar deity, found
on monuments exhumed in Babylon, Nineveh, etc.
Fe"rous (?), a. [L.
ferus. See Fierce.] Wild;
savage. [R.]
Arthur Wilson.
-fer*ous (?). [L. -fer. fr.
ferre to bear. See Bear to support.] A suffix
signifying bearing, producing,
yielding; as, auriferous, yielding gold;
chyliferous, producing chyle.
Fer*ran"dine (? , n.
[F.; cf. OF. ferrant iron-gray, from L.
ferrum iron.] A stuff made of silk and
wool.
I did buy a colored silk ferrandine.
Pepys.
Fer*ra"ra (?), n. A sword
bearing the mark of one of the Ferrara family of Italy. These
swords were highly esteemed in England and Scotland in the 16th
and 17th centuries.
Fer`ra*rese" (?), a. Pertaining
to Ferrara, in Italy. -- n., sing. & pl.
A citizen of Ferrara; collectively, the inhabitants of
Ferrara.
Fer"ra*ry (?), n. [L.
ferraria iron works. See Ferreous.]
The art of working in iron. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Fer"rate (?), n. [L.
ferrum iron.] (Chem.) A salt of
ferric acid.
{ Fer"re (?), Fer"rer
(?), a. & adv. } Obs.
compar. of Fer.
Fer"re*ous (?), a. [L.
ferreus, fr. ferrum iron. Cf.
Farrier, Ferrous.] Partaking of,
made of, or pertaining to, iron; like iron.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fer"rest (?), a. & adv.
Obs. superl. of Fer.
Chaucer.
Fer"ret (?), n. [F.
furet, cf. LL. furo; prob. fr. L.
fur thief (cf. Furtive); cf. Arm.
fur wise, sly.] (Zo\'94l.) An
animal of the Weasel family (Mustela ), about fourteen inches in length, of a pale yellow or
white color, with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has
been domesticated in Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits
and rats out of their holes.
Fer"ret, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ferreted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ferreting.] [Cf. F. fureter.
See Ferret, n.] To drive or hunt
out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the cony; to search out
by patient and sagacious efforts; -- often used with
out; as, to ferret out a
secret.
Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret
him.
Shak.
Fer"ret, n. [Ital. foretto,
dim. of fiore flower; or F. fleuret. Cf.
Floret.] A kind of narrow tape, usually made
of woolen; sometimes of cotton or silk; -- called also
ferreting.
Fer"ret, n. [F. feret, dim.
or fer iron, L. ferrum.] (Glass
Making) The iron used for trying the melted glass to
see if is fit to work, and for shaping the rings at the mouths of
bottles.
Fer"ret*er (?), n. One who
ferrets.
Johnson.
Fer"ret-eye` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The spur-winged goose; -- so called
from the red circle around the eyes.
Fer*ret"to (?), n. [It.
ferretto di Spagna, dim. of ferro iron, fr.
L. ferrum.] Copper sulphide, used to color
glass.
Hebert.
Fer"ri- (/). (Chem.) A
combining form indicating ferric iron as an
ingredient; as, ferricyanide.
Fer"ri*age (?; 48), n. [From
Ferry.] The price or fare to be paid for
passage at a ferry.
Fer"ric (?), a. [L.
ferrum iron: cf. F. ferrique. See
Ferrous.] Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing iron. Specifically (Chem.), denoting those
compounds in which iron has a higher valence than in the
ferrous compounds; as, ferric oxide;
ferric acid.
Ferric acid (Chem.), an acid,
H2FeO4, which is not known in the free state,
but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and
sulphates. -- Ferric oxide (Chem.),
sesquioxide of iron, Fe2O3; hematite. See
Hematite.
Fer`ri*cy"a*nat/ (?), n.
[Ferri- + cyanate.]
(Chem.) A salt of ferricyanic acid; a
ferricyanide.
Fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), a.
[Ferri- + cyanic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, a
ferricyanide.
Ferricyanic acid (Chem.), a brown
crystalline substance, H6(CN)12Fe2, obtained
from potassium ferricyanide, and regarded as the type of the
ferricyanides; -- called also hydro-ferricyanic
acid, hydrogen ferricyanide,
etc.
Fer`ri*cy"a*nide (?; 104), n.
[Ferri- + cyanide.]
(Chem.) One of a complex series of double
cyanides of ferric iron and some other base.
Potassium ferricyanide (Chem.), red
prussiate of potash; a dark, red, crystalline salt,
K6(CN)12Fe2, consisting of the double cyanide of
potassium and ferric iron. From it is derived the ferrous
ferricyanate, Turnbull's blue.
Fer"ri*er (?), n. A
ferryman.
Calthrop.
Fer*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
ferrum iron + -ferous: cf. F.
ferrif\'8are.] Producing or yielding
iron.
Fer`ri*prus"si*ate (? Prussiate, 277), n.
[Ferri- + prussiate.]
(Chem.) A ferricyanate; a ferricyanide.
[R.]
Fer`ri*prus"sic (? Prussik,
277), a. [Ferri- +
prussic.] (Chem.)
Ferricyanic. [R.]
Fer"ro- (/). (Chem.) A
prefix, or combining form, indicating ferrous iron as
an ingredient; as, ferrocyanide.
Fer`ro*cal"cite (?), n.
[Ferro- + calcite.]
Limestone containing a large percentage of iron carbonate,
and hence turning brown on exposure.
Fer`ro*cy"a*nate (?), n.
[Ferro- + cyanate: cf. F.
ferrocyanate.] (Chem.) A salt of
ferrocyanic acid; a ferrocyanide.
Fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a.
[Ferro- + cyanic: cf. F.
ferrocyanique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a
ferrocyanide.
ferrocyanic acid (Chem.), a white
crystalline substance, H4(CN)6Fe, of strong acid
properties, obtained from potassium ferrocyanide, and regarded as
the type of the ferrocyanides; -- called also
hydro-ferrocyanic acid, hydrogen
ferrocyanide. etc.
Fer`ro*cy"a*nide (? , n.
[Ferro- + cyanide.]
(Chem.) One of a series of complex double
cyanides of ferrous iron and some other base.
Potassium ferrocyanide (Chem.),
yellow prussiate of potash; a tough, yellow, crystalline
salt, K4(CN)6Fe, the starting point in the
manufacture of almost all cyanogen compounds, and the basis of
the ferric ferrocyanate, prussian blue. It is obtained
by strongly heating together potash, scrap iron, and animal
matter containing nitrogen, as horn, leather, blood, etc., in
iron pots.
Fer`ro*prus"si*ate (? Prussiate, 277), n. )
[Ferro- + prussiate.]
(Chem.) A ferrocyanate; a ferocyanide.
[R.]
Fer`ro*prus"sic (? Prussic,
277), a. [Ferro- +
prussic.] (Chem.)
Ferrocyanic.
Fer*ro"so- (/). (Chem.) See
Ferro-.
Fer"ro*type (?), n. [L.
ferrum iron + -type.] A
photographic picture taken on an iron plate by a collodion
process; -- familiarly called tintype.
Fer"rous (?), a. [Cf. F.
ferreux. See Ferreous.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, iron; --
especially used of compounds of iron in which the iron has its
lower valence; as, ferrous sulphate.
Fer*ru"gi*na`ted (?), a. [See
Ferrugo.] Having the color or properties of
the rust of iron.
Fer`ru*gin"e*ous (?), a.
Ferruginous. [R.]
Fer*ru"gi*nous (?), a. [L.
ferruginus, ferrugineus, fr.
ferrugo, -ginis, iron rust: cf. F.
ferrugineux. See Ferrugo.] 1.
Partaking of iron; containing particles of iron.
Boyle.
2. Resembling iron rust in appearance or color;
brownish red, or yellowish red.
\'d8Fer*ru"go (?), n. [L., iron
rust, fr. ferrum iron.] A disease of plants
caused by fungi, commonly called the rust, from its
resemblance to iron rust in color.
Fer"rule (? , n.
[Formerly verrel, F. virole, fr. L.
viriola little bracelet, dim. of viriae,
pl., bracelets; prob. akin to viere to twist, weave,
and E. withe. The spelling with f is due to
confusion with L. ferrum iron.] 1.
A ring or cap of metal put round a cane, tool, handle, or
other similar object, to strengthen it, or prevent splitting and
wearing.
2. (Steam Boilers) A bushing for
expanding the end of a flue to fasten it tightly in the tube
plate, or for partly filling up its mouth.
Fer*ru"mi*nate (?), v. t. [L.
ferruminatus, p.p. of ferruminare to
cement, solder, fr. ferrumen cement, fr.
ferrum iron.] To solder or unite, as
metals. [R.]
Coleridge.
Fer*ru`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L.
ferruminatio: cf. F. ferrumination.]
The soldering ir uniting of me/ als.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Fer"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ferried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ferrying.] [OE. ferien to
convey, AS. ferian, from faran to go; akin
to Icel. ferja to ferry, Goth. farjan to
sail. See Fare.] To carry or transport over a
river, strait, or other narrow water, in a boat.
Fer"ry, v. i. To pass over water in a
boat or by a ferry.
They ferry over this Lethean sound
Both to and fro.
Milton.
Fer"ry, n.; pl. Ferries
(#). [OE. feri; akin to Icel.
ferja, Sw. f\'84rja, Dan.
f\'91rge, G. f\'84hre. See Ferry,
v. t.] 1. A place where persons or
things are carried across a river, arm of the sea, etc., in a
ferryboat.
It can pass the ferry backward into light.
Milton.
To row me o'er the ferry.
Campbell.
2. A vessel in which passengers and goods are
conveyed over narrow waters; a ferryboat; a wherry.
3. A franchise or right to maintain a vessel for
carrying passengers and freight across a river, bay, etc.,
charging tolls.
Ferry bridge, a ferryboat adapted in its
structure for the transfer of railroad trains across a river or
bay. -- Ferry railway. See under
Railway.
Fer"ry*boat` (?), n. A vessel
for conveying passengers, merchandise, etc., across streams and
other narrow waters.
Fer"ry*man (?), n.; pl.
Ferrymen (/). One who maintains
or attends a ferry.
Fers (?), a. Fierce.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ferthe (?), a. Fourth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fer"tile (? , a.
[L. fertilis, fr. ferr/ to bear,
produce: cf. F. fertile. See Bear
to support.] 1. Producing fruit or vegetation
in abundance; fruitful; able to produce abundantly; prolific;
fecund; productive; rich; inventive; as, fertile
land or fields; a fertile mind or
imagination.
Though he in a fertile climate dwell.
Shak.
2. (Bot.) (a) Capable of
producing fruit; fruit-bearing; as, fertile
flowers. (b) Containing pollen; -- said
of anthers.
3. produced in abundance; plenteous; ample.
Henceforth, my early care . . .
Shall tend thee, and the fertile burden ease
Of thy full branches.
Milton.
Syn. -- Fertile, Fruitful.
Fertile implies the inherent power of production;
fruitful, the act. The prairies of the West are
fertile by nature, and are turned by cultivation into
fruitful fields. The same distinction prevails when
these words are used figuratively. A man of fertile
genius has by nature great readiness of invention; one whose mind
is fruitful has resources of thought and a readiness
of application which enable him to think and act
effectively.
<-- p. 554 -->
Fer"tile*ly (? , adv.
In a fertile or fruitful manner.
fer"tile*ness, n. Fertility.
Sir P. Sidney.
Fer*til"i*tate (?), v. t. To
fertilize; to fecundate.
Sir T. Browne.
Fer*til"i*ty (?), n. [L.
fertilitas: cf. F. fertilit\'82.]
The state or quality of being fertile or fruitful;
fruitfulness; productiveness; fecundity; richness; abundance of
resources; fertile invention; quickness; readiness; as, the
fertility of soil, or of imagination.
\'bdfertility of resource.\'b8
E. Everett.
And all her husbandry doth lie on heaps
Corrupting in its own fertility.
Shak.
Thy very weeds are beautiful; thy waste
More rich than other climes' fertility.
Byron.
Fer`ti*li*za"tion (?), n.
1. The act or process of rendering fertile.
2. (Biol.) The act of fecundating or
impregnating animal or vegetable germs; esp., the process by
which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, or an
analogous process in flowerless plants; fecundation;
impregnation.
Close fertilization (Bot.), the
fertilization of pistils by pollen derived from the stamens of
the same blossom. -- Cross fertilization,
fertilization by pollen from some other blossom. See under
Cross, a.
Fer"ti*lize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fertilized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fertilizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
fertiliser.] 1. To make fertile or
enrich; to supply with nourishment for plants; to make fruitful
or productive; as, to fertilize land, soil, ground,
and meadows.
And fertilize the field that each pretends to
gain.
Byron.
2. To fecundate; as, to fertilize
flower.
A. R. Wallace.
Fer"ti*lizer (?), n. 1.
One who fertilizes; the agent that carries the fertilizing
principle, as a moth to an orchid.
A. R. Wallace.
2. That which renders fertile; a general name for
commercial manures, as guano, phosphate of lime, etc.
\'d8Fer"u*la (?), n. [L.
ferula giant fennel (its stalks were used in punishing
schoolboys), rod, whip, fr. ferire to strike; akin to
OHG. berjan, Icel. berja. Cf.
Ferule.] 1. A ferule.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. The imperial scepter in the Byzantine or Eastern
Empire.
Fer`u*la"ceous (?), a. [L.
ferulaceus, fr. ferula rod: cf. F.
f\'82rulac\'82.] Pertaining to reeds and
canes; having a stalk like a reed; as, ferulaceous
plants.
Fer"u*lar (?), n. A
ferule. [Obs.]
Milton.
Fer"ule (? , n. [L.
ferula: cf. F. f\'82rule. See
Ferula.] A flat piece of wood, used for
striking, children, esp. on the hand, in punishment.
Fer"ule (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Feruled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Feruling.] To punish with a
ferule.
Fe*ru"lic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, asafetida (Ferula
asaf\'d2tida); as, ferulic acid.
[Written also ferulaic.]
Fer"vence (?), n. Heat;
fervency. [Obs.]
Fer"ven*cy (?), n. [Cf. OF.
fervence. See Fervent.] The state
of being fervent or warm; ardor; warmth of feeling or devotion;
eagerness.
When you pray, let it be with attention, with
fervency, and with perseverance.
Wake.
Fer"vent (?), a. [F.
fervent, L. fervens, -entis.
p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil,
glow.] 1. Hot; glowing; boiling; burning;
as, a fervent summer.
The elements shall melt with fervent heat.
2 Pet. iii. 10.
2. Warm in feeling; ardent in temperament; earnest;
full of fervor; zealous; glowing.
Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit.
Rom. iii. 11.
So spake the fervent angel.
Milton.
A fervent desire to promote the happiness of
mankind.
Macaulay.
-- Fer"vent*ly, adv. --
Fer"vent*ness, n.
Laboring fervently for you in prayers.
Col. iv. 12.
Fer*ves"cent (?), a. [L.
fervescens, p.pr. of fervescere to become
boiling hot, incho., fr. fervere. See
Fervent.] Growing hot.
Fer"vid (?), a. [L.
fervidus, fr. fervere. See
Fervent.] 1. Very hot; burning;
boiling.
The mounted sun
Shot down direct his fervid rays.
Milton.
2. Ardent; vehement; zealous.
The fervid wishes, holy fires.
Parnell.
-- Fer"vid*ly, adv. --
Fer"vid*ness, n.
Fer"vor (?), n. [Written also
fervour.] [OF. fervor,
fervour, F. ferveur, L. fervor,
fr. fervere. See Fervent.] 1.
Heat; excessive warmth.
The fevor of ensuing day.
Waller.
2. Intensity of feeling or expression; glowing
ardor; passion; holy zeal; earnestness.
Hooker.
Winged with fervor of her love.
Shak.
Syn. -- Fervor, Ardor.
Fervor is a boiling heat, and ardor is a
burning heat. Hence, in metaphor, we commonly use
fervor and its derivatives when we conceive of
thoughts or emotions under the image of ebullition, or as pouring
themselves forth. Thus we speak of the fervor of
passion, fervid declamation, fervid
importunity, fervent supplication, fervent
desires, etc. Ardent is used when we think of anything
as springing from a deepseated glow of soul; as,
ardent friendship, ardent zeal,
ardent devotedness; burning with ardor for
the fight.
Fes"cen*nine (?), a. [L.
Fescenninus, fr. Fescennia, a city of
Etruria.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the
Fescennines. -- n. A style of low,
scurrilous, obscene poetry originating in fescennia.
Fes"cue (?), n. [OE.
festu, OF. festu, F. f\'82tu,
fr. L. festuca stalk, straw.] 1. A
straw, wire, stick, etc., used chiefly to point out letters to
children when learning to read. \'bdPedantic
fescue.'
Sterne.
To come under the fescue of an imprimatur.
Milton.
2. An instrument for playing on the harp; a
plectrum. [Obs.]
Chapman.
3. The style of a dial. [Obs.]
4. (Bot.) A grass of the genus
Festuca.
Fescue grass (Bot.), a genus of
grasses (Festuca) containing several species of
importance in agriculture. Festuca ovina is
sheep's fescue; F. elatior is
meadow fescue.
Fes"cue (?), v. i. & t.
[imp. & p. p. Fescued
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fescuing.] To use a fescue, or teach
with a fescue.
Milton.
Fes"els (?), n. pl. [Written
also fasels.] See Phasel.
[Obs.]
May (Georgics).
{ Fess, Fesse } (?),
n. [OF. fesse, faisse, F.
fasce, fr. L. fascia band. See
Fascia.] (Her.) A band drawn
horizontally across the center of an escutcheon, and containing
in breadth the third part of it; one of the nine honorable
ordinaries.
Fess point (Her.), the exact center
of the escutcheon. See Escutcheon.
Fes"si*tude (?), n. [L.
fessus wearied, fatigued.] Weariness.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Fess"wise (?), adv. In the
manner of fess.
Fest (?), n. [See
Fist.] The fist. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Fest, Fes"te (?), n.
}A feast. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fes"tal (?), a. [L.
festum holiday, feast. See feast.]
Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous;
festive.
You bless with choicer wine the festal day.
Francis.
Fes"tal*ly, adv. Joyously; festively;
mirthfully.
Fes"ten*nine (?), n. A
fescennine.
Fes"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Festered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Festering.] [OE. festern,
fr. fester, n.; or fr.
OF. festrir, fr. festre,
n. See Fester, n.]
1. To generate pus; to become imflamed and
suppurate; as, a sore or a wound festers.
Wounds immedicable
Rankle, and fester, and gangrene.
Milton.
Unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart, but it
is treachery that makes it fester.
South.
Hatred . . . festered in the hearts of the children
of the soil.
Macaulay.
2. To be inflamed; to grow virulent, or malignant;
to grow in intensity; to rankle.
Fes`ter, v. t. To cause to fester or
rankle.
For which I burnt in inward, swelt'ring hate,
And fstered ranking malice in my breast.
Marston.
Fes"ter, n. [OF. festre, L.
fistula a sort of ulcer. Cf. Fistula.]
1. A small sore which becomes inflamed and
discharge corrupt matter; a pustule.
2. A festering or rankling.
The fester of the chain their necks.
I. Taylor.
Fes"ter*ment (?), n. A
festering. [R.]
Chalmers.
Fest"eye (?), v. t. [OF.
festier, festeer, F.
festoyer.] To feast; to entertain.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fes"ti*nate (?), a. [L.
festinatus, p.p. of festinare to
hasten.] Hasty; hurried. [Obs.] --
Fes"ti*nate*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fes`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L.
festinatio.] Haste; hurry.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fes"ti*val (?), a. [OF.
festival, fr. L. festivum festive jollity,
fr. festivus festive, gay. See
Festive.] Pertaining to a fest; festive;
festal; appropriate to a festival; joyous; mirthful.
I cannot woo in festival terms.
Shak.
Fes"ti-val, n. A time of feasting or
celebration; an anniversary day of joy, civil or religious.
The morning trumpets festival proclaimed.
Milton.
Syn. -- Feast; banquet; carousal. See Feast.
Fes"tive (?), a. [L.
festivus, fr. festum holiday, feast. See
feast, and cf. Festivous.]
Pertaining to, or becoming, a feast; festal; joyous; gay;
mirthful; sportive. -- Fes"tive*ly,
adv.
The glad circle round them yield their souls
To festive mirth and wit that knows no gall.
Thomson.
Fes*tiv"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Festivities (#). [L.
festivitas: cf. F. festivit\'82.]
1. The condition of being festive; social joy or
exhilaration of spirits at an entertaintment; joyfulness;
gayety.
The unrestrained festivity of the rustic youth.
Bp. Hurd.
2. A festival; a festive celebration.
Sir T. Browne.
Fes"ti*vous (?), a. [See
Festive.] Pertaining to a feast;
festive. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Fest"lich (?), a. [See
Feast, n.] Festive; fond of
festive occasions. [Obs.] \'bdA
festlich man.\'b8
Chaucer.
Fes*toon" (?), n. [F.
feston (cf. Sp. feston, It.
festone), prob. fr. L. festum festival. See
Feast.] 1. A garland or wreath
hanging in a depending curve, used in decoration for festivals,
etc.; anything arranged in this way.
2. (Arch. & Sculp.) A carved ornament
consisting of flowers, and leaves, intermixed or twisted
together, wound with a ribbon, and hanging or depending in a
natural curve. See Illust. of
Bucranium.
Fes*toon", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Festooned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Festooning.] To form in
festoons, or to adorn with festoons.
Fes*toon"y (?), a. Pertaining
to, consisting of, or resembling, festoons.
Sir J. Herschel.
Fes*tu*cine (? , a. [L.
festula stalk, straw. Cf. Fescue.]
Of a straw color; greenish yellow. [Obs.]
A little insect of a festucine or pale green.
Sir T. Browne.
Fes"tu*cous (?), a. Formed or
consisting of straw. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fes"tue (?), n. [See
Fescue.] A straw; a fescue.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Fet (?), n. [Cf.
feat, F. fait, and It. fett/
slice, G. fetzen rag, Icel. fat
garment.] A piece. [Obs.]
Dryton.
Fet, v. t. [OE. fetten,
feten, AS. fetian; akin to AS.
f\'91t a journey, and to E. foot; cf. G.
fassen to seize. Foot, and cf.
Fetch.] To fetch. [Obs.]
And from the other fifty soon the prisoner fet.
Spenser.
Fet, p. p. of Fette.
Fetched. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fe"tal (?), a. [From
Fetus.] Pertaining to, or connected with, a
fetus; as, fetal circulation; fetal
membranes.
Fe*ta"tion (?), n. The
formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy.
Fetch (?; 224), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fetched 2; p.
pr. & vb. n.. Fetching.] [OE.
fecchen, AS. feccan, perh. the same word as
fetian; or cf. facian to wish to get,
OFries. faka to prepare. Fet,
v. t.] 1. To bear toward the
person speaking, or the person or thing from whose point of view
the action is contemplated; to go and bring; to get.
Time will run back and fetch the age of gold.
Milton.
He called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee,
a little water in a vessel, that I may drink. And as she was
going to fetch it he called to her, and said, Bring
me, I pray thee, a morsel of bred in thine hand.
1 Kings xvii. 11, 12.
2. To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell
for.
Our native horses were held in small esteem, and
fetched low prices.
Macaulay.
3. To recall from a swoon; to revive; -- sometimes
with to; as, to fetch a man
to.
Fetching men again when they swoon.
Bacon.
4. To reduce; to throw.
The sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to
the ground.
South.
5. To bring to accomplishment; to achieve; to make;
to perform, with certain objects; as, to fetch a
compass; to fetch a leap; to fetch a
sigh.
I'll fetch a turn about the garden.
Shak.
He fetches his blow quick and sure.
South.
6. To bring or get within reach by going; to reach;
to arrive at; to attain; to reach by sailing.
Meantine flew our ships, and straight we fetched
The siren's isle.
Chapman.
7. To cause to come; to bring to a particular
state.
They could n't fetch the butter in the churn.
W. Barnes.
To fetch a compass (Naut.), to make
a sircuit; to take a circuitious route going to a place. --
To fetch a pump, to make it draw water by pouring
water into the top and working the handle. -- To
fetch headway
(Naut.), to move ahead or astern. -- To
fetch out, to develop. \'bdThe skill of the
polisher fetches out the colors [of marble]\'b8
Addison. -- To fetch up. (a) To
overtake. [Obs.] \'bdSays [the hare], I can
fetch up the tortoise when I please.\'b8
L'Estrange. (b) To stop suddenly.
fetch, v. i. To bring one's self; to
make headway; to veer; as, to fetch about; to
fetch to windward.
Totten.
To fetch away (Naut.), to break
loose; to roll slide to leeward. -- To fetch and
carry, to serve obsequiously, like a trained
spaniel.
Fetch, n. 1. A stratagem by
which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by which one
thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an
artifice.
Every little fetch of wit and criticism.
South.
2. The apparation of a living person; a
wraith.
The very fetch and ghost of Mrs. Gamp.
Dickens.
Fetch candle, a light seen at night,
superstitiously believed to portend a person's death.
Fethc"er (?), n. One wo fetches
or brings.
Fete (?), n. [See
feat.] A feat. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fete, n. pl. [See Foot.]
Feet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8F\'88te (?), n. [F. See
Feast.] A festival.
F\'88te champ\'88tre (/)
[F.], a festival or entertainment in the open air;
a rural festival.
F\'88te (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. F\'88ted; p.
pr. & vb. n. F\'88ting.] [Cf. F.
f\'88ter.] To feast; to honor with a
festival.
{ Fe"tich, Fe"tish (?),
n. }[F. f\'82tiche, from Pg.
feiti/o, adj., n., sorcery, charm, fr. L.
facticius made by art, artifical, factitious. See
Factitious.] 1. A material object
supposed among certain African tribes to represent in such a way,
or to be so connected with, a supernatural being, that the
possession of it gives to the possessor power to control that
being.
2. Any object to which one is excessively
devoted.
{ fe"tich*ism, Fe"tish*ism (? ; 277), n. }[Cf. F.
f\'82tichisme.] [Written also
feticism.] 1. The doctrine or
practice of belief in fetiches.
2. Excessive devotion to one object or one idea;
abject superstition; blind adoration.
The real and absolute worship of fire falls into two great
divisions, the first belonging rather to fetichism,
the second to polytheism proper.
Tylor.
{ Fe"tich*ist, Fe"tish*ist, n.
}A believer in fetiches.
He was by nature a fetichist.
H. Holbeach.
{ Fe`tich*is"tic (?),
Fe`tish*is"tic, a.} Pertaining to,
or involving, fetichism.
A man of the fifteenth century, inheriting its strange web of
belief and unbelief, of epicurean levity and
fetichistic dread.
G. Eliot.
Fe"ti*cide (? , n.
[Written also f\'d2ticide.]
[Fetus + L. caedere to kill.]
(Med. & Law) The act of killing the fetus in the
womb; the offense of procuring an abortion.
Fe"ti*cism (?), n. See
Fetichism.
Fet"id (? , a. [L.
fetidus, foetidus, fr. fetere,
foetere, to have an ill smell, to stink: cf. F.
f\'82tide.] Having an offensive smell;
stinking.
Most putrefactions . . . smell either fetid or
moldy.
Bacon.
Fet*id"i*ty (? , n.
Fetidness.
Fet"id*ness, n. The quality or state of
being fetid.
Fe*tif"er*ous (?), a.
[Fetus + -ferous.]
Producing young, as animals.
<-- p. 555 -->
Fe"tis (?), a. [OF.
fetis, faitis. Cf.
Factitious.] Neat; pretty; well made;
graceful. [Obs.]
Full fetis was her cloak, as I was ware.
Chaucer.
Fe"tise*ly (?), adv. Neatly;
gracefully; properly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fe"tish (?), n.,
Fe"tish*ism (/ , n.,
Fe`tish*is"tic (/), a.
See Fetich, n., Fetichism,
n., Fetichistic, a.
Fet"lock (?), n. [OE.
fetlak, fitlock, cf. Icel. fet
pace, step, fit webbed foot of water birds, akin to E.
foot. Foot.] The
cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the back
side of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals.
Also, the joint of the limb at this point (between the great
pastern bone and the metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.
Their wounded steeds
Fret fetlock deep in gore.
Shak.
Fe"tor (?), n. [L.
fetor, foetor. See Fetid.]
A strong, offensive smell; stench; fetidness.
Arbuthnot.
Fet"te (? , v.t.
[imp. Fette, p.p.
Fet.] [See Fet, v.
t.] To fetch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fet"ter (?), n. [AS.
fetor, feter; akin to OS.
feter/s, pl., OD. veter, OHG.
fezzera, Icel. fj\'94turr, L.
pedi/a, Gr. /, and to E. foot. Foot.] [Chiefly used in the plural,
fetters.] 1. A chain or shackle
for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined by the foot,
either made fast or disabled from free and rapid motion; a bond;
a shackle.
[They] bound him with fetters of brass.
Judg. xvi. 21.
2. Anything that confines or restrains; a
restraint.
Passion's too fierce to be in fetters bound.
Dryden.
Fet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.p.
Fettered (/); p.pr. & vb.n.
Fettering.] 1. To put fetters upon; to shakle
or confine the feet of with a chain; to bind.
My heels are fettered, but my fist is free.
Milton.
2. To reastrain from motion; to impose restrains
on; to confine; to enchain; as, fettered by
obligations.
My conscience! thou art fettered
More than my shanks and wrists.
Shak.
Fet"tered (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf
certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for
walking.
Fet"ter*er (?), n. One who
fetters.
Landor.
Fet"ter*less, a. Free from
fetters.
Marston.
Fet"tle (?), v. t. [OE. & Prov.
E., to fettle (in sense 1), fettle, n.,
order, repair, preparation, dress; prob. akin to E.
fit. See Fit, a.] 1. To
repair; to prepare; to put in order. [Prov.
Eng.]
Carlyle.
2. (Metal.) To cover or line with a
mixture of ore, cinders, etc., as the hearth of a puddling
furnace.
Fet"tle, v. i. To make preparations; to
put things in order; to do trifling business. [Prov.
Eng.]
Bp. Hall.
Fet"tle, n. The act of fettling.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
In fine fettle, in good spirits.
Fet"tling (?), n. 1.
(Metal.) A mixture of ore, cinders, etc., used to
line the hearth of a puddling furnace. [Eng.]
[It is commonly called fix in the United
States.]
2. (Pottery) The operation of shaving or
smoothing the surface of undried clay ware.
Fet"u*ous (?), a. Neat;
feat. [Obs.]
Herrick.
Fe"tus (?), n.; pl.
Fetuses (#). [L. fetus,
foetus, a bringing forth, brood, offspring, young
ones, cf. fetus fruitful, fructified, that is or was
filled with young; akin to E. fawn a deer,
fecundity, felicity, feminine,
female, and prob. to do, or according to others, to
be.] The young or embryo of an animal in
the womb, or in the egg; often restricted to the later stages in
the development of viviparous and oviparous animals,
embryo being applied to the earlier stages.
[Written also f\'d2tus.]
\'d8Fet"wah (?), n. [Ar.]
A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some point of
law.<-- written also fatwah -->
Whitworth.
Feu (?), n. [See 2d
Feud, and Fee.] (Scots Law)
A free and gratuitous right to lands made to one for service
to be performed by him; a tenure where the vassal, in place of
military services, makes a return in grain or in money.
Burrill.
Feu"ar (?), n. [From
Feu.] (Scots Law) One who holds a
feu.
Sir W. Scott.
Feud (?), n. [OE.
feide, AS. f/h/, fr. f\'beh
hostile; akin to OHG. f/hida, G. fehde,
Sw. fejd, D. feide; prob. akin to E.
fiend. See Foe.] 1. A combination
of kindred to avenge injuries or affronts, done or offered to any
of their blood, on the offender and all his race.
2. A contention or quarrel; especially, an
inveterate strife between families, clans, or parties; deadly
hatred; contention satisfied only by bloodshed.
Mutual feuds and battles betwixt their several
tribes and kindreds.
Purchas.
Syn. -- Affray; fray; broil; contest; dispute; strife.
Feud, n. [LL. feudum,
feodum prob. of same origin as E. fief. See
Fief, Fee.] (Law) A
stipendiary estate in land, held of superior, by service; the
right which a vassal or tenant had to the lands or other
immovable thing of his lord, to use the same and take the
profists thereof hereditarily, rendering to his superior such
duties and services as belong to military tenure, etc., the
property of the soil always remaining in the lord or superior; a
fief; a fee.
Feu"dal (?), a. [F.
f\'82odal, or LL. feudalis.]
1. Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or feels;
as, feudal rights or services; feudal
tenures.
2. Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs;
embracing tenures by military services; as, the
feudal system.
Feu"dal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
f\'82odalisme.] The feudal system; a system
by which the holding of estates in land is made dependent upon an
obligation to render military service to the kind or feudal
superior; feudal principles and usages.
Feu"dal*ist, n. An upholder of
feudalism.
Feu*dal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
f\'82odalit\'82.] The state or quality of
being feudal; feudal form or constitution.
Burke.
Fe`dal*i*za/tion (?), n. The
act of reducing to feudal tenure.
Feu"dal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Feudalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Feudalizing
(?).] To reduce toa feudal tenure; to
conform to feudalism.
Feu"dal*ly, adv. In a feudal
manner.
Feu"da*ry (?), a. [LL.
feudarius, fr. feudum. See 2d
Feud.] Held by, or pertaining to, feudal
tenure.
Feu"da*ry, n. 1. A tenant who
holds his lands by feudal service; a feudatory.
Foxe.
2. A feodary. See Feodary.
Feu"da*ta*ty (?), a. & n. [LL.
feudatarius: cf. F. feudataire.]
See Feudatory.
Feu"da*to*ry (?), n.; pl.
Feudatories (/). A tenant or
vassal who held his lands of a superior on condition of feudal
service; the tenant of a feud or fief.
The grantee . . . was styled the feudatory or
vassal.
Blackstone.
[He] had for feudatories great princes.
J. H. Newman.
Feu"dto*ry, a. Held from another on some
conditional tenure; as, a feudatory
title.
Bacon.
<-- no pos in original = n. -->
\'d8Feu` de joie" (?). [F., lit., fire of
joy.] A fire kindled in a public place in token of
joy; a bonfire; a firing of guns in token of joy.
Feud"ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
feudiste.] A writer on feuds; a person
versed in feudal law.
Spelman.
\'d8Feu`illants" (?), n. pl. A
reformed branch of the Bernardines, founded in 1577 at
Feuillans, near Toulouse, in France.
Feuille"mort` (?), a. [F.
feuille morte a dead leaf.] Having the
color of a faded leaf.
Locke.
\'d8Feu`ille*ton" (? , n.
[F., from feulle leaf.] A part of a
French newspaper (usually the bottom of the page), devoted to
light literature, criticism, etc.; also, the article or tale
itself, thus printed.
Feuill"ton*ist (?), n. [F.
feuilletoniste.] A writer of
feuilletons.
F. Harrison.
feu"ter (/), v. t. [OE.
feutre rest for a lance, OF. feutre,
fautre, feltre, felt, cushion, rest for a
lance, fr. LL. filtrum, feltrum; of German
origin, and akin to E. felt. See Felt, and
cf. Filter.] To set close; to fix in rest, as
a spear.
Spenser.
Feu"ter*er (?), n. [Either fr.
G. f\'81tterer feeder, or corrupted fr. OF.
vautrier, vaultrier; fr. vaultre, viautre,
a kind of hound, fr. L. vertragus,
vertraga, a greyhound. The last is of Celtic
origin.] A dog keeper. [Obs.]
Massinger.
Fe"ver (?), n. [OE.
fever, fefer, AS. fefer,
fefor, L. febris: cf. F.
fi\'8avre. Cf. Febrile.] 1.
(Med.) A diseased state of the system, marked by
increased heat, acceleration of the pulse, and a general
derangement of the functions, including usually, thirst and loss
of appetite. Many diseases, of which fever is the most prominent
symptom, are denominated fevers; as, typhoid
fever; yellow fever.
Remitting fevers subside or abate at
intervals; intermitting fevers intermit or entirely
cease at intervals; continued or continual
fevers neither remit nor intermit.
2. Excessive excitement of the passions in
consequence of strong emotion; a condition of great excitement;
as, this quarrel has set my blood in a
fever.
An envious fever
Of pale and bloodless emulation.
Shak.
After life's fitful fever he sleeps well.
Shak.
Brain fever, Continued
fever, etc. See under Brain,
Continued, etc. -- Fever and ague, a
form of fever recurring in paroxysms which are preceded by
chills. It is of malarial origin. -- Fever
blister (Med.), a blister or vesicle often
found about the mouth in febrile states; a variety of
herpes. -- Fever bush (Bot.), the
wild allspice or spice bush. See Spicewood. --
Fever powder. Same as Jame's powder.
-- Fever root (Bot.), an American herb
of the genus Triosteum (T. perfoliatum); --
called also feverwort amd horse
gentian. -- Fever sore, a carious
ulcer or necrosis. Miner.
Fe"ver, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fevered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fevering.] To put into a
fever; to affect with fever; as, a fevered
lip. [R.]
The white hand of a lady fever thee.
Shak.
Fe"ver*et (?), n. A slight
fever. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Fe"ver*few (?), n. [AS.
feferfuge, fr. L. febrifugia. See
fever, Fugitive, and cf.
Febrifuge.] (Bot.) A perennial
plant (Pyrethrum, )
allied to camomile, having finely divided leaves and white
blossoms; -- so named from its supposed febrifugal
qualities.
Fe"ver*ish, a. 1. Having a
fever; suffering from, or affected with, a moderate degree of
fever; showing increased heat and thirst; as, the patient is
feverish.
2. Indicating, or pertaining to, fever;
characteristic of a fever; as, feverish
symptoms.
3. Hot; sultry. \'bdThe feverish
north.\'b8
Dryden.
4. Disordered as by fever; excited; restless;
as, the feverish condition of the commercial
world.
Strive to keep up a frail and feverish bing.
Milton.
-- Fe"ver*ish*ly, adv. --
Fe"ver*ish*ness, n.
Fe"ver*ous (?), a. [Cf.F.
fi\'82vreux.] 1. Affected with
fever or ague; feverish.
His heart, love's feverous citadel.
Keats.
2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fever;
as, a feverous pulse.
All maladies . . . all feverous kinds.
Milton.
3. Having the tendency to produce fever; as, a
feverous disposition of the year.
[R.]
Bacon.
Fe"ver*ous*ly, adv. Feverishly.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Fe"ver*wort` (?), n. See
Fever root, under Fever.
Fe"ver*y (?), a.
Feverish. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Few (?), a.
[Compar. Fewer (?);
superl. Fewest.] [OE.
fewe, feawe, AS. fe\'a0, pl.
fe\'a0we; akin to OS. f\'beh, OHG.
f\'b5/ fao, Icel. f\'ber, Sw.
f\'86, pl., Dan. faa, pl., Goth.
faus, L. paucus, cf. Gr. /. Cf.
Paucity.] Not many; small, limited, or
confined in number; -- indicating a small portion of units or
individuals constituing a whole; often, by ellipsis of a noun, a
few people. \'bdAre not my days few?\'b8
Job x. 20.
Few know and fewer care.
Proverb.
Few is often used partitively; as,
few of them.
A few, a small number. -- In
few, in a few words; briefly.
Shak.
- No few, not few; more than a few;
many.
Cowper.
- The few, the minority; -- opposed to
the many or the majority.
Fe"wel (?), n. [See
Fuel.] Fuel. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Few"met (?), n. See
Fumet. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Few"ness, n. 1. The state of
being few; smallness of number; paucity.
Shak.
2. Brevity; conciseness. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fey (?), a. [AS.
f/ga, Icel. feigr, OHG.
feigi.] Fated; doomed. [Old
Eng. & Scot.]
Fey (?), n. [See Fay
faith.] Faith. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fey (?), v. t. [Cf.
Feague.] To cleanse; to clean out.
[Obs.]
Tusser.
Feyne (?), v. t. To
feign. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Feyre (?), n. A fair or
market. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fez (?), n. [F., fr. the town
of Fez in Morocco.] A felt or cloth cap,
usually red and having a tassel, -- a variety of the tarboosh.
See Tarboosh.
B. Taylor.
\'d8Fia"cre (?), n. [F.]
A kind of French hackney coach.
Fi"ance (?), v. t. [F.
fiancer. See Affiance.] To
betroth; to affiance. [Obs.]
Harmar.
\'d8Fi`an`c\'82" (?), n.
[F.] A betrothed man.
\'d8Fi`an`c\'82e" (?), n.
[F.] A betrothed woman.
Fi"ants (?), n. [F.
fiente dung.] The dung of the fox, wolf,
boar, or badger.
Fi"ar (? , n. [See
Feuar.] 1. (Scots Law)
One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to
the estate of a life renter.
I am fiar of the lands; she a life renter.
Sir W. Scott.
2. pl. The price of grain, as legally
fixed, in the counties of Scotland, for the current year.
\'d8Fi*as"co (?), n.; pl.
Fiascoes (#). [It.] A
complete or ridiculous failure, esp. of a musical performance, or
of any pretentious undertaking.
Fi"at (?), n. [L., let it be
done, 3d pers. sing., subj. pres., fr. fieri, used as
pass. of facere to make. Cf. Be.]
1. An authoritative command or order to do
something; an effectual decree.
His fiat laid the corner stone.
Willis.
2. (Eng. Law) (a) A warrant of
a judge for certain processes. (b) An
authority for certain proceedings given by the Lord Chancellor's
signature.
Fiat money, irredeemable paper currency, not
resting on a specie basis, but deriving its purchasing power from
the declaratory fiat of the government issuing it.
Fi*aunt" (?), n. Commission;
fiat; order; decree. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fib (?), n. [Prob. fr.
fable; cf. Prov. E. fibble-fabble
nonsense.] A falsehood; a lie; -- used
euphemistically.
They are very serious; they don't tell fibs.
H. James.
Fib, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fibbing (?).] To speak
falsely. [Colloq.]
Fib, v. t. To tell a fib to.
[R.]
De Quincey.
Fib"ber (?), n. One who tells
fibs.
{ Fi"ber, Fi"bre }, (/),
n. [F. fibre, L.
fibra.] 1. One of the delicate,
threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals
are in part constituted; as, the fiber of flax or of
muscle.
2. Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike
substance; as, a fiber of spun glass;
especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant.
3. Sinew; strength; toughness; as, a man of
real fiber.
Yet had no fibers in him, nor no force.
Chapman.
4. A general name for the raw material, such as
cotton, flax, hemp, etc., used in textile manufactures.
Fiber gun, a kind of steam gun for converting,
wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut up in the gun
with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which is
afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly
open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers. --
Fiber plants (Bot.), plants capable of
yielding fiber useful in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave,
etc.
{ Fi"bered, Fi"bred } (?),
a. Having fibers; made up of fibers.
{ Fi"ber-faced`, Fi"bre-faced` }
(?), a. Having a visible fiber embodied
in the surface of; -- applied esp. to a kind of paper for checks,
drafts, etc.
{ Fi"ber*less, Fi"bre*less },
a. Having no fibers; destitute of fibers or
fiber.
Fi"bri*form (? , a. [L.
fibra a fiber + -form.]
(Biol.) Having the form of a fiber or fibers;
resembling a fiber.
Fi"bril (?), n. [F.
fibrille, dim. of fibre, L.
fibra.] A small fiber; the branch of a
fiber; a very slender thread; a fibrilla.
Cheyne.
\'d8Fi*bril"la (?), n.; pl.
Fibrill\'92 (#). [NL. See
Fibril.] A minute thread of fiber, as one of
the fibrous elements of a muscular fiber; a fibril.
Fi"bril*lar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to fibrils or fibers; as, fibrillar
twitchings.
Fi"bril*la*ry (? , a. Of
of pertaining to fibrils.
Fi"bril*la`ted (? , a.
Furnished with fibrils; fringed.
Fi`bril*la"tion (?), n. The
state of being reduced to fibers.
Carpenter.
Fi*bril"lose (? , a.
Covered with hairlike appendages, as the under surface of
some lichens; also, composed of little strings or fibers; as,
fibrillose appendages.
<-- p. 556 -->
Fi*bril"lous (? , a.
[Cf. F. fibraleux.] Pertaining to, or
composed of, fibers.
Fi"brin (?), n. [Cf. F.
fibrine. See Fiber.] (Physiol.
Chem.) 1. A white, albuminous, fibrous
substance, formed in the coagulation of the blood either by
decomposition of fibrinogen, or from the union of fibrinogen and
paraglobulin which exist separately in the blood. It is insoluble
in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and pancreatic
juice.
2. The white, albuminous mass remaining after
washing lean beef or other meat with water until all coloring
matter is removed; the fibrous portion of the muscle tissue;
flesh fibrin.
3. An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in
composition, found in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable
fibrin.
Fibrin factors (Physiol.), the
albuminous bodies, paraglobulin and fibrinigen in the blood,
which, by the action of the fibrin ferment, are changed into
fibrin, in coagulation. -- Fibrin ferment
(Physiol. Chem.), a ferment which makes its
appearance in the blood shortly after it is shed, and is supposed
to be the active agent in causing coagulation of the blood, with
formation of fibrin.
Fi`bri*na"tion (?), n.
(Med.) The state of acquiring or having an excess
of fibrin.
Fi"brine (?), a. Belonging to
the fibers of plants.
Fi*brin"o*gen (?), n.
[Fibrin + -gen.] (Physiol.
Chem.) An albuminous substance existing in the blood,
and in other animal fluids, which either alone or with
fibrinoplastin or paraglobulin forms fibrin, and thus causes
coagulation.
Fi`bri*nog"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Possessed of properties similar
to fibrinogen; capable of forming fibrin.
Fi`bri*no*plas"tic (?), a.
(Physiol.Chem.) Like fibrinoplastin; capable of
forming fibrin when brought in contact with fibrinogen.
Fi`bri*no*plas"tin (?), n.
[Fibrin + Gr. / to form, mold.]
(Physiol.Chem.) An albuminous substance, existing
in the blood, which in combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin;
-- called also paraglobulin.
Fi"bri*nous (? , a.
Having, or partaking of the properties of, fibrin; as,
fibrious exudation.
Fi`bro*car"ti*lage (?), n. [L.
fibra a fiber + E. cartilage.]
(Anat.) A kind of cartilage with a fibrous matrix
and approaching fibrous connective tissue in structure. --
Fi`bro*car`ti*lag"i*nous (#),
a.
Fi`bro*chon*dros"te*al (?), a.
[L. fibra a fiber + gr. / cartilage + /
bone.] (Anat.) Partly fibrous, partly
cartilaginous, and partly osseous.
St. George Mivart.
Fi"broid (?), a. [L.
fibra a fiber + -oid.]
(Med.) Resembling or forming fibrous tissue; made
up of fibers; as, fibroid tumors. --
n. A fibroid tumor; a fibroma.
Fibroid degeneration, a form of degeneration
in which organs or tissues are converted into fibroid
tissue. -- Fibroid phthists, a form of
pulmonary consumption associated with the formation of fibrous
tissue in the lungs, and the gradual atrophy of the lungs, from
the pressure due to the contraction of this tissue.
Fi"bro*in (? , n. [L.
fibra a fiber.] (Chem.) A
variety of gelatin; the chief ingredient of raw silk, extracted
as a white amorphous mass.
Fi"bro*lite (? , n. [L.
fibra a fiber + -lite: cf. F.
fibrolithe.] (Min.) A silicate
of alumina, of fibrous or columnar structure. It is like
andalusite in composition; -- called also
sillimanite, and
bucholizite.
\'d8Fi*bro"ma (?), n. [NL. See
Fiber, and -oma.] (Med.)
A tumor consisting mainly of fibrous tissue, or of same
modification of such tissue.
\'d8Fi`bro*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. fibra a fiber + spongia a
sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges
having a fibrous skeleton, including the commercial
sponges.
Fi"brous (?), a. [Cf. F.
fibreux.] Containing, or consisting of,
fibers; as, the fibrous coat of the cocoanut; the
fibrous roots of grasses. --
Fi"brous*ness, n.
Fi`bro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
fibra a fiber + E. vascular.]
(Bot.) Containing woody fiber and ducts, as the
stems of all flowering plants and ferns; -- opposed to
cellular.
Fib"ster (?), n. One who tells
fibs. [Jocular]
\'d8Fib"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Fibul\'92 (#). [L., clasp,
buckle.] 1. A brooch, clasp, or buckle.
Mere fibul\'91, without a robe to clasp.
Wordsworth.
2. (Anat.) The outer and usually the
smaller of the two bones of the leg, or hind limb, below the
knee.
3. (Surg.) A needle for sewing up
wounds.
Fib"u-lar (?), a. Pertaining to
the fibula.
\'d8Fib`u*la"re (?), n.; pl.
Fibularia (#). [NL. See
Fibula.] (Anat.) The bone or
cartilage of the tarsus, which articulates with the fibula, and
corresponds to the calcaneum in man and most mammals.
Fice (?), n. A small dog; --
written also fise, fyce, fiste,
etc. [Southern U.S.]
Fi*ch\'82 (?), a. (Her.)
See Fitch\'90.
Fict"tel*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A white crystallized mineral resin from
the Fichtelgebirge, Bavaria.
Fich"u (?), n. [F.,
neckerchief.] A light cape, usually of lace, worn by
women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the
shoulders.
Fic"kle (?), a. [OE.
fikel untrustworthy, deceitful, AS. ficol,
fr. fic, gefic, fraud, deceit; cf.
f\'becen deceit, OS. f/kn, OHG.
feichan, Icel. feikn portent. Cf.
Fidget.] Not fixed or firm; liable to change;
unstable; of a changeable mind; not firm in opinion or purpose;
inconstant; capricious; as, Fortune's fickle
wheel.
Shak.
They know how fickle common lovers are.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating;
unstable; inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful;
capricious; veering; shifting.
Fic"kle*ness (?), n. The
quality of being fickle; instability; inconsonancy.
Shak.
Fic"kly (?), adv. In a fickle
manner. [Obs.]
Pepys.
\'d8Fi"co (?), n.; pl.
Ficoes (#). [It., a fig, fr.
L.ficus. See Fig.] A fig; an
insignificant trifle, no more than the snap of one's thumb; a
sign of contempt made by the fingers, expressing. A fig for
you.
Steal! foh, a fico for the phrase.
Shak.
Fic"tile (?), a. [L.
fictilis. See Fiction.] Molded, or
capable of being molded, into form by art; relating to pottery or
to molding in any soft material.
Fictile earth is more fragile than crude earth.
Bacon.
The earliest specimens of Italian fictile art.
C. Wordsworth.
Fictile ware, ware made of any material which
is molded or shaped while soft; hence, pottery of any
sort.
-- Fic"tile*ness, n. --
Fic*til"i*ty (#), n.
Fic"tion (?), n. [F.
fiction, L. fictio, fr. fingere,
fictum to form, shape, invent, feign. See
Feign.] 1. The act of feigning,
inventing, or imagining; as, by a mere fiction of
the mind.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. That which is feigned, invented, or imagined;
especially, a feigned or invented story, whether oral or written.
Hence: A story told in order to deceive; a fabrication; --
opposed to fact, or reality.
The fiction of those golden apples kept by a
dragon.
Sir W. Raleigh.
When it could no longer be denied that her flight had been
voluntary, numerous fictions were invented to account
for it.
Macaulay.
3. Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all
works of imagination; specifically, novels and romances.
The office of fiction as a vehicle of instruction
and moral elevation has been recognized by most if not all great
educators.
Dict. of Education.
4. (Law) An assumption of a possible
thing as a fact, irrespective of the question of its truth.
Wharton.
5. Any like assumption made for convenience, as for
passing more rapidly over what is not disputed, and arriving at
points really at issue.
Syn. -- Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood.
-- Fiction, Fabrication.
Fiction is opposed to what is real;
fabrication to what is true. Fiction is
designed commonly to amuse, and sometimes to instruct; a
fabrication is always intended to mislead and deceive.
In the novels of Sir Walter Scott we have fiction of
the highest order. The poems of Ossian, so called, were chiefly
fabrications by Macpherson.
Fic"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious;
romantic.\'bdFictional rather than
historical.\'b8
Latham.
Fic"tion*ist, n. A writer of
fiction. [R.]
Lamb.
Fic"tious (?), a.
Fictitious. [R.]
Prior.
Fic*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
fictitius. See Fiction.] Feigned;
imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine;
as, fictitious fame.
The human persons are as fictitious as the airy
ones.
Pope.
-- Fic*ti"tious*ly, adv. --
Fic*ti"tious*ness, n.
Fic"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
fictif.] Feigned; counterfeit.
\'bdThe fount of fictive tears.\'b8
Tennyson.
Fic"tor (?), n. [L.]
An artist who models or forms statues and reliefs in any
plastic material. [R.]
Elmes.
\'d8Fi"cus (?), n. [L., a
fig.] A genus of trees or shrubs, one species of which
(F. Carica) produces the figs of commerce; the fig
tree.
Ficus Indica is the banyan tree; F.
religiosa, the peepul tree; F. elastica, the
India-rubber tree.
Fid (?), n. [Prov. E.
fid a small, thick lump.] 1.
(Naut.) A square bar of wood or iron, used to
support the topmast, being passed through a hole or mortise at
its heel, and resting on the trestle trees.
2. A wooden or metal bar or pin, used to support or
steady anything.
3. A pin of hard wood, tapering to a point, used to
open the strands of a rope in splicing.
hand fids and standing
fids (which are larger than the others, and stand upon a
flat base). An iron implement for this purpose is called a
marline spike.
4. (Mil.) A block of wood used in
mounting and dismounting heavy guns.
Fi*dal"go (?), n. [Pg. See
Hidalgo.] The lowest title of nobility in
Portugal, corresponding to that of Hidalgo in
Spain.
Fid"dle (?), n. [OE.
fidele, fithele, AS. fi/ele;
akin to D. vedel, OHG. fidula, G.
fiedel, Icel. fi/la, and perh. to E.
viol. Cf. Viol.] 1.
(Mus.) A stringed instrument of music played with
a bow; a violin; a kit.
2. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex
pulcher) with fiddle-shaped leaves; -- called also
fiddle dock.
3. (Naut.) A rack or frame of bars
connected by strings, to keep table furniture in place on the
cabin table in bad weather.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Fiddle beetle (Zo\'94l.), a
Japanese carabid beetle (Damaster blaptoides); -- so
called from the form of the body. -- Fiddle block
(Naut.), a long tackle block having two sheaves of
different diameters in the same plane, instead of side by side as
in a common double block. Knight. -- Fiddle
bow, fiddlestick. -- Fiddle fish
(Zo\'94l.), the angel fish. -- Fiddle
head, an ornament on a ship's bow, curved like the
volute or scroll at the head of a violin. -- Fiddle
pattern, a form of the handles of spoons, forks, etc.,
somewhat like a violin. -- Scotch fiddle, the
itch. (Low) -- To play first,
, fiddle, to take a
leading or a subordinate part. [Colloq.]
Fid"dle, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fiddled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fiddling (?).] 1.
To play on a fiddle.
Themistocles . . . said he could not fiddle, but he
could make a small town a great city.
Bacon.
2. To keep the hands and fingers actively moving as
a fiddler does; to move the hands and fingers restlessy or in
busy idleness; to trifle.
Talking, and fiddling with their hats and
feathers.
Pepys.
Fid"dle (?), v. t. To play (a
tune) on a fiddle.
Fid"dle*dee*dee` (?), interj.
An exclamatory word or phrase, equivalent to
nonsense! [Colloq.]
Fod"dle-fad`dle (?), n. A
trifle; trifling talk; nonsense. [Colloq.]
Spectator.
Fid"dle-fad`dle, v. i. To talk
nonsense. [Colloq.]
Ford.
Fid"dler (?), n. [AS.
fi/elere.] 1. One who plays on a
fiddle or violin.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A burrowing crab of the
genus Gelasimus, of many species. The male has one
claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a position similar
to that in which a musician holds a fiddle, hence the name; --
called also calling crab, soldier
crab, and fighting crab.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The common European
sandpiper (Tringoides hypoleucus); -- so called
because it continually oscillates its body.
Fiddler crab. (Zo\'94l.) See
Fiddler, n., 2.
Fid"dle-shaped` (?), a.
(Bot.) Inversely ovate, with a deep hollow on
each side.
Gray.
Fid"dle*stick` (?), n. The bow,
strung with horsehair, used in playing the fiddle; a fiddle
bow.
Fid"dle*string` (?), n. One of
the catgut strings of a fiddle.
Fid"dle*wood` (?), n.
[Corrupted fr. F. bois-fid\'8ale, lit., faithful
wood; -- so called from its durability.] The wood of
several West Indian trees, mostly of the genus
Citharexylum.
Fi`de*jus"sion (?), n. [L.
fidejussio, from fidejubere to be surety or
bail; fides faith + jubere to order: cf. F.
fid\'82jussion.] (Civil Law) The
act or state of being bound as surety for another;
suretyship.
Fi`de*jus"sor (?), n. [L.: cf.
F. fid\'82jusseur.] (Civil Law)
A surety; one bound for another, conjointly with him; a
guarantor.
Blackstone.
Fi*del"i*ty (?), n. [L.
fidelitas: cf. F. fid\'82lit\'82. See
Fealty.] Faithfulness; adherence to right;
careful and exact observance of duty, or discharge of
obligations. Especially: (a) Adherence to a
person or party to which one is bound; loyalty.
Whose courageous fidelity was proof to all
danger.
Macaulay.
The best security for the fidelity of men is to
make interest coincide with duty.
A. Hamilton.
(b) Adherence to the marriage contract.
(c) Adherence to truth; veracity; honesty.
The principal thing required in a witness is
fidelity.
Hooker.
Syn. -- Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty;
fealty.
\'d8Fi"des (?), n. [L.,
faith.] (Roman Muth.) Faith personified as
a goddess; the goddess of faith.
Fidge (?), n. & i. See
Fidget. [R.]
Swift.
Fidg"et (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fidgeted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Fodgeting.] [From
Fidge; cf. OE. fiken to fidget, to flatter,
Icel. fika to hasten, Sw. fika to hunt
after, AS. befician to deceive. Cf.
Fickle.] To move uneasily one way and the
other; to move irregularly, or by fits and starts.
Moore.
Fidg"et, n. 1. Uneasiness;
restlessness.
Cowper.
2. pl. A general nervous restlessness,
manifested by incessant changes of position; dysphoria.
Dunglison.
Fidg"et*i*ness (?), n. Quality
of being fidgety.
Fidg"et*y (?), a. Restless;
uneasy.
Lowell.
\'d8Fid"i*a (?), n. [NL., prob.
fr. L. fidus trusty.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of small beetles, of which one species (the
grapevine Fidia, F. longipes) is very injurious to
vines in America.
Fi*dic"i*nal (?), a. [L.
fidicinus, fr. fidicen, -inis, a
lute player.] (Mus.) Of or pertaining to a
stringed instrument.
Fi*du"cial (?), a. [L.
fiducia trust, confidence; akin to fides
faith. See Faith.] 1. Having faith
or trust; confident; undoubting; firm.
\'bdFiducial reliance on the promises of God.\'b8
Hammond.
2. Having the nature of a trust; fiduciary; as,
fiducial power.
Spelman.
Fiducial edge (Astron. & Surv.),
the straight edge of the alidade or ruler along which a
straight line is to be drawn. -- Fiducial
line (Math. & Physics.),
a line or point of reference, as for setting a graduated
circle or scale used for measurments.
Fi*du"cial*ly, adv. With
confidence.
South.
Fi*di"ci*a*ry (? , a.
[L. fiduciarus, fr. fiducia: cf. F.
fiduciaire. See Fiducial.] 1.
Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting;
faithful; firm; as, in a fiduciary
capacity. \'bdFiduciary obedience.\'b8
Howell.
2. Holding, held, or founded, in trust.
Spelman.
Fi*du"ci*a*ry, n. 1. One who
holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.
Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose
fiduciaries they are.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Theol.) One who depends for
salvation on faith, without works; an Antinomian.
Hammond.
Fie (?), interj. [OE.
fi; cf. D. fif. G. pfui, Icel.
f/, Sw. & Dan. fy, F. fi, L.
fi, phy.] An exclamation
denoting contempt or dislike. See Fy.
Fuller.
Fief (?), n. [F.
fief; of German origin, and the same word as E.
fee. See Fee, and cf. Feud, a
tief.] (Law) An estate held of a superior
on condition of military service; a fee; a feud. See under
Benefice, n., 2.
<-- p. 557 -->
Field (?), n. [OE.
feld, fild, AS. feld; akin to D.
veld, G. feld, Sw. f\'84lt, Dan.
felt, Icel. fold field of grass, AS.
folde earth, land, ground, OS.
folda.] 1. Cleared land; land
suitable for tillage or pasture; cultivated ground; the open
country.
2. A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a
piece inclosed for tillage or pasture.
Fields which promise corn and wine.
Byron.
3. A place where a battle is fought; also, the
battle itself.
In this glorious and well-foughten field.
Shak.
What though the field be lost?
Milton.
4. An open space; an extent; an expanse.
Esp.: (a) Any blank space or ground on which
figures are drawn or projected. (b) The space
covered by an optical instrument at one view.
Without covering, save yon field of stars.
Shak.
Ask of yonder argent fields above.
Pope.
5. (Her.) The whole surface of an
escutcheon; also, so much of it is shown unconcealed by the
different bearings upon it. See Illust. of
Fess, where the field is represented as gules
(red), while the fess is argent (silver).
6. An unresticted or favorable opportunity for
action, operation, or achievement; province; room.
Afforded a clear field for moral experiments.
Macaulay.
7. A collective term for all the competitors in any
outdoor contest or trial, or for all except the favorites in the
betting.
8. (Baseball) That part of the grounds
reserved for the players which is outside of the diamond; --
called also outfield.
Field is often used adjectively in the
sense of belonging to, or used in, the
fields; especially with reference to the operations and
equipments of an army during a campaign away from permanent camps
and fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is
sufficiently clear; as, field battery;
field fortification; field gun;
field hospital, etc. A field geologist,
naturalist, etc., is one who makes investigations or collections
out of doors. A survey uses a field book for
recording field notes, i.e., measurment,
observations, etc., made in field work (outdoor
operations). A farmer or planter employs field hands,
and may use a field roller or a field
derrick. Field sports are hunting, fishing, athletic
games, etc.
Coal field (Geol.) See under
Coal. -- Field artillery, light
ordnance mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army.
-- Field basil (Bot.), a plant of the
Mint family (Calamintha Acinos); -- called also
basil thyme. -- Field colors
(Mil.), small flags for marking out the positions
for squadrons and battalions; camp colors. -- Field
cricket (Zo\'94l.), a large European cricket
(Gryllus campestric), remarkable for its loud
notes. -- Field day. (a) A day in
the fields. (b) (Mil.) A day when
troops are taken into the field for instruction in
evolutions. Farrow. (c) A day of
unusual exertion or display; a gala day. -- Field
driver, in New England, an officer charged with the
driving of stray cattle to the pound. -- Field
duck (Zo\'94l.), the little bustard
(Otis tetrax), found in Southern Europe. --
Field glass. (Optics) (a) A
binocular telescope of compact form; a lorgnette; a race
glass. (b) A small achromatic telescope, from
20 to 24 inches long, and having 3 to 6 draws. (c)
See Field lens. -- Field lark.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The skylark.
(b) The tree pipit. -- Field lens
(Optics), that one of the two lenses forming the
eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound microscope
which is nearer the object glass; -- called also field
glass. -- Field madder
(Bot.), a plant (Sherardia arvensis)
used in dyeing. -- Field marshal
(Mil.), the highest military rank conferred in the
British and other European armies. -- Field mouse
(Zo\'94l.), a mouse inhabiting fields, as the
campagnol and the deer mouse. See Campagnol, and
Deer mouse. -- Field officer
(Mil.), an officer above the rank of captain and
below that of general. -- Field officer's court
(U.S.Army), a court-martial consisting of one
field officer empowered to try all cases, in time of war, subject
to jurisdiction of garrison and regimental courts.
Farrow. -- Field plover
(Zo\'94l.), the black-bellied plover
(Charadrius squatarola); also sometimes applied to the
Bartramian sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda). --
Field spaniel (Zo\'94l.), a small
spaniel used in hunting small game. -- Field
sparrow. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
American sparrow (Spizella pusilla). (b)
The hedge sparrow. [Eng.] -- Field
staff> (Mil.), a staff formerly used by
gunners to hold a lighted match for discharging a gun. --
Field vole (Zo\'94l.), the European
meadow mouse. -- Field of ice, a large body
of floating ice; a pack. -- Field, Field of view, in a telescope or
microscope, the entire space within which objects are seen.
-- Field magnet. see under Magnet.
-- Magnetic field. See Magnetic. --
To back the field, To bet on the
field. See under Back, v. t.
-- To keep the field. (a)
(Mil.) To continue a campaign. (b)
To maintain one's ground against all comers. --
To lay, , against the
field, to bet on (a horse, etc.) against all
comers. -- To take the field (Mil.),
to enter upon a campaign.
Field (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fielded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Fielding.] 1.
To take the field. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Ball Playing) To stand out in the
field, ready to catch, stop, or throw the ball.
Field, v. t. (Ball Playing)
To catch, stop, throw, etc. (the ball), as a fielder.
Field"ed, a. Engaged in the field;
encamped. [Obs.]
To help fielded friends.
Shak.
Field"en (?), a. Consisting of
fields. [Obs.]
The fielden country also and plains.
Holland.
Field"er (?), n. (Ball
Playing) A ball payer who stands out in the field to
catch or stop balls.
Field"fare` (?; 277), n. [OE.
feldfare, AS. feldfare; field +
faran to travel.] (Zo\'94l.) a
small thrush (Turdus pilaris) which breeds in northern
Europe and winters in Great Britain. The head, nape, and lower
part of the back are ash-colored; the upper part of the back and
wing coverts, chestnut; -- called also
fellfare.
Field"ing, n. (Ball Playing)
The act of playing as a fielder.
Field"piece` (?), n. A cannon
mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army; a piece of
field artillery; -- called also field
gun.
Field"work` (?), n.
(Mil.) Any temporary fortification thrown up by
an army in the field; -- commonly in the plural.
All works which do not come under the head of permanent
fortification are called fieldworks.
Wilhelm.
Field"y (?), a. Open, like a
field. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Fiend (?), n. [OE.
fend, find, fiend,
feond, fiend, foe, AS. fe\'a2nd; akin to
OS. f\'c6ond, D. vijand enemy, OHG.
f\'c6ant, G. feind, Icel.
fj\'bend, Sw. & Dan. fiende, Goth.
fijands; orig. p.pr. of a verb meaning to
hate, AS. fe\'a2n, fe\'a2gan, OHG.
f\'c6/n, Goth. fijan, Skr.
p\'c6y to scorn; prob. akin to E. feud a
quarrel. \'fb81. Cf. Foe, Friend.]
An implacable or malicious foe; one who is diabolically
wicked or cruel; an infernal being; -- applied specifically to
the devil or a demon.
Into this wild abyss the wary fiend
Stood on the brink of Hell and looked a while.
Milton.
O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind
Is bent, all hell contains no fouler fiend.
Pope.
Fiend"ful (?), a. Full of
fiendish spirit or arts.
Marlowe.
-- Fiend"ful*ly, adv.
Fiend"ish (?), a. Like a fiend;
diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish;
hellish. -- Fiend"ish*ly,
adv. -- Fiend"ish*ness,
n.
Fiend"like` (?), a. Fiendish;
diabolical.
Longfellow.
Fiend"ly, a. [AS.
fe\'a2ndlic.] Fiendlike; monstrous;
devilish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Fi`e*ras"fer (?), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small,
slender fishes, remarkable for their habit of living as
commensals in other animals. One species inhabits the gill cavity
of the pearl oyster near Panama; another lives within an East
Indian holothurian.
Fierce (?), a.
[Compar. Fiercer (?);
superl. Fiercest (?).]
[OE. fers, fiers, OF. fier,
nom. fiers, fierce, savage, cruel, F. fier
proud, from L. ferus wild, savage, cruel; perh. akin
to E. bear the animal. Cf. Feral,
Ferocity.] 1. Furious; violent;
unrestrained; impetuous; as, a fierce
wind.
His fierce thunder drove us to the deep.
Milton.
2. Vehement in anger or cruelty; ready or eager to
kill or injure; of a nature to inspire terror; ferocious.
\'bdA fierce whisper.\'b8 Dickens. \'bdA
fierce tyrant.\'b8 Pope.
The fierce foe hung upon our broken rear.
Milton.
Thou huntest me as a fierce lion.
Job. x. 16.
3. Excessively earnest, eager, or ardent.
Syn. -- Ferocious; savage; cruel; vehement; impetuous;
barbarous; fell. See Ferocious.
-- Fierce"ly, adv. --
Fierce"ness, n.
\'d8Fi"e*ri fa"ci*as (?). [L., cause it to
be done.] (Law) A judicial writ that lies
for one who has recovered in debt or damages, commanding the
sheriff that he cause to be made of the goods, chattels, or real
estate of the defendant, the sum claimed.
Blackstone. Cowell.
Fi"er*i*ness (?), n. The
quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony; irritability; as, a
fieriness of temper.
Addison.
Fi"er*y (? , a.
[Formerly written firy, fr.
fire.] 1. Consisting of,
containing, or resembling, fire; as, the fiery gulf
of Etna; a fiery appearance.
And fiery billows roll below.
I. Watts.
2. Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous.
Hath thy fiery heart so parched thine entrails?
Shak.
The fiery spirit of his forefathers.
W. Irwing.
3. Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.
You kniw the fiery quality of the duke.
Shak.
4. Unrestrained; fierce; mettlesome;
spirited.
One curbed the fiery steed.
Dryden.
5. heated by fire, or as if by fire; burning hot;
parched; feverish.
Pope.
The sword which is made fiery.
Hooker.
Fiery cross, a cross constructed of two
firebrands, and pitched upon the point of a spear; formerly in
Scotland borne by a runner as a signal for the clan to take up
arms.
Sir W. Scott.
Fife (?), n. [F.
fifre, OHG. pf\'c6fa, LL. pipa
pipe, pipare to play on the pipe, fr. L.
pipire, pipare, to peep, pip, chirp, as a
chiken. See Pipe.] (Mus.) A small
shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to
accompany the drum in military music.
Fife major (Mil.), a
noncommissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a
regiment. -- Fife rail. (Naut.)
(a) A rail about the mast, at the deck, to hold
belaying pins, etc. (b) A railing around the
break of a poop deck.
Fife, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fifed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
fifing.] To play on a fife.
Fif"er (?), n. One who plays on
a fife.
Fif"teen` (?), a. [OE.
fiftene, AS. f\'c6ft/ne,
f\'c6ft/ne. See Five, and Ten, and
cf. Fifty.] Five and ten; one more than
fourteen.
Fif"teen`, n. 1. The sum of
five and ten; fifteen units or objects.
2. A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or
xv.
Fif"teenth` (?), a. [OE.
fiftenthe; cf. fiftethe, AS.
f\'c6fte//a. See Fifteen.]
1. Next in order after the fourteenth; -- the
ordinal of fifteen.
2. Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or
divisions of a thing.
Fif"teenth`, n. 1. One of
fifteen equal parts or divisions; the quotient of a unit divided
by fifteen.
2. A species of tax upon personal property formerly
laid on towns, boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth
part of what the personal property in each town, etc., had been
valued at.
Burrill.
3. (Mus.) (a) A stop in an
organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon. (b)
An interval consisting of two octaves.
Fifth (?), a. [OE.
fifte, fifthe, AS. f\'c6fta. See
Five.] 1. Next in order after the
fourth; -- the ordinal of five.
2. Consisting of one of five equal divisions of a
thing.
Fifth monarchy men (Hist.), a
fanatical sect in England, of the time of the commonwealth, who
maintained that there would be a fifth universal monarchy, during
which Christ would reign on earth a thousand years. --
Fifth wheel, a horizontal wheel or segment above
the fore axle of a carriage and beneath the body, forming an
extended support to prevent careening.
Fifth (?), n. 1. The
quotient of a unit divided by five; one of five equal parts; a
fifth part.<-- a fifth of whiskey = a fifth of a gallon -->
2. (Mus.) The interval of three tones
and a semitone, embracing five diatonic degrees of the scale; the
dominant of any key.
Fifth"ly, adv. In the fifth place; as
the fifth in order.
Fif"ti*eth (?), a. [AS.
f\'c6ftigo/a. See Fifty.] 1.
Next in order after the forty-ninth; -- the ordinal of
fifty.
2. Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or
divisions.
Fif"ti*eth, n. One of fifty equal parts;
the quotient of a unit divided by fifty.
Fif"ty (?), a. [AS.
f\'c6ftig; akin to OHG. finfzug,
fimfzug, G. f\'81nfzig, funfzig,
Goth. fimftigjus. See Five, and Ten,
and cf. Fifteen.] Five times ten; as,
fifty men.
Fif"ty, n.; pl. Fifties
(/). 1. The sum of five tens;
fifty units or objects.
2. A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or
l.
Fig (?), n. [F.
figue the fruit of the tree, Pr. figa, fr.
L. ficus fig tree, fig. Cf. Fico.]
1. (Bot.) A small fruit tree (Ficus
Carica) with large leaves, known from the remotest
antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to the
Canary Islands.
2. The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or
oblong shape, and of various colors.
Caprification.
3. A small piece of tobacco.
[U.S.]
4. The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico;
-- used in scorn or contempt. \'bdA fig for
Peter.\'b8
Shak.
Cochineal fig. See Conchineal
fig. -- Fig dust, a preparation of fine
oatmeal for feeding caged birds. -- Fig faun,
one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to live
on figs. \'bdTherefore shall dragons dwell there with the
fig fauns.\'b8 Jer. i. 39. (Douay
version). -- Fig gnat (Zo\'94l.),
a small fly said to be injurious to figs. -- Fig
leaf, the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first
clothing of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing
that ought to be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a
symbol for affected modesty. -- Fig marigold
(Bot.), the name of several plants of the genus
Mesembryanthemum, some of which are prized for the
brilliancy and beauty of their flowers. -- Fig
tree (Bot.), any tree of the genus
Ficus, but especially F. Carica which
produces the fig of commerce.
Fig, v. t. [See Fico,
Fig, n.] 1. To insult
with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See Fico.
[Obs.]
When Pistol lies, do this, and fig me like
The bragging Spaniard.
Shak.
2. To put into the head of, as something useless
o/ contemptible. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Fig, n. Figure; dress; array.
[Colloq.]
Were they all in full fig, the females with
feathers on their heads, the males with chapeaux bras?
Prof. Wilson.
\'d8Fi`ga`ro" (?), n. [From the
name of the barber in Beaumarchais' \'bdBarber of
Seville.\'b8] An adroi/ and unscrupulous
intriguer.
Fig"a*ry (?), n. [Corrupted fr.
vagary.] A frolic; a vagary; a whim.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Fig"eat`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A large beetle
(Allorhina nitida) which in the Southern United States
destroys figs. The elytra are velvety green with pale
borders. (b) A bird. See
Figpecker.
Fig"ent (?), a. Fidgety;
restless. [Obs.]
Such a little figent thing.
Beau. & Fl.
Fig"gum (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A juggler's trick; conjuring.
[Obs.]
The devil is the author of wicked figgum.
B. Jonson.
Fight (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fought (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fighting.]
[OE. fihten, fehten, AS.
feohtan; akin to D. vechten, OHG.
fehtan, G. fechten, Sw.
f\'84kta, Dan. fegte, and perh. to E.
fist; cf. L. pugnare to fight,
pugnus fist.] 1. To strive or
contened for victory, with armies or in single combat; to attempt
to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by blows or
weapons; to contend in arms; -- followed by with or
against.
You do fight against your country's foes.
Shak.
To fight with thee no man of arms will deign.
Milton.
2. To act in opposition to anything; to struggle
against; to contend; to strive; to make resistance.
To fight shy, to avoid meeting fairly or at
close quarters; to keep out of reach.
Fight, v. t. 1. To carry on, or
wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by struggle, as
one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause.
He had to fight his way through the world.
Macaulay.
I have fought a good fight.
2 Tim. iv. 7.
2. To contend with in battle; to war against;
as, they fought the enemy in two pitched battles;
the sloop fought the frigate for three hours.
3. To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a
fight; as, to fight cocks; to fight one's
ship.
To fight it out, to fight until a decisive and
conclusive result is reached.
<-- p. 558 -->
Fight, n. [OE. fight,
feht, AS. feoht. See Fight,
v. i.] 1. A battle; an engagement;
a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or struggle for
victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or navies,
etc.
Who now defies thee thrice to single fight.
Milton.
2. A struggle or contest of any kind.
3. Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity;
as, he has a great deal of fight in him.
[Colloq.]
4. A screen for the combatants in ships.
[Obs.]
Up with your fights, and your nettings prepare.
Dryden.
Running fight, a fight in which the enemy is
continually chased; also, one which continues without definite
end or result.
Syn. -- Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter;
fray; affray; action; conflict. See Battle.
Fight"er (?), n. [AS.
feohtere.] One who fights; a combatant; a
warrior.
Shak.
Fight"ing, a. 1. Qualified for
war; fit for battle.
An host of fighting men.
2 Chron. xxvi. 11.
2. Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle;
as, a fighting field.
Pope.
A fighting chance, one dependent upon the
issue of a struggle. [Colloq.] -- Fighting
crab (Zo\'94l.), the fiddler
crab. -- Fighting fish (Zo\'94l.),
a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish (Betta
pugnax), reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish
fights.
Fight"ing*ly, adv. Pugnaciously.
Fight"wite` (?), n.
[Fight + wite.] (O.Eng.
Law) A mulct or fine imposed on a person for making a
fight or quarrel to the disturbance of the peace.
Fig"ment (?), n. [L.
figmentum, fr. fingere to form, shape,
invent, feign. See Feign.] An invention; a
fiction; something feigned or imagined.
Social figments, feints, and formalism.
Mrs. Browning.
It carried rather an appearance of figment and
invention . . . than of truth and reality.
Woodward.
Pig"peck`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European garden warbler
(Sylvia, ); -- called also
beccafico and greater
pettychaps.
Fig"-shell` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A marine univalve shell of the genus
Pyrula, or Ficula, resembling a fig in
form.
{ Fig"u*late (?), Fig"u*la`ted
(?) }, a. [L.
figulatus, p.p. of figulare to shape, fr.
figulus potter, fr. fingere to
shape.] Made of potter's clay; molded; shaped.
[R.]
Johnson.
Fig"u*line (? , n. [F.,
fr. L. figulina pottery, fr. figulus. See
Figulate.] A piece of pottery ornamented with
representations of natural objects.
Whose figulines and rustic wares
Scarce find him bread from day to day.
Longfellow.
Fig`ur*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. figurabilit\'82.] The quality of being
figurable.
Johnson.
Fig`ur*a*ble (?), a. [L.
figurare to form, shape, fr. figura figure:
cf. F. figurable. See Figure.]
Capable of being brought to a fixed form or shape.
Lead is figurable, but water is not.
Johnson.
Fig"ur*al (?), a. [From
Figure.] 1. Represented by figure or
delineation; consisting of figures; as, figural
ornaments.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Mus.) Figurate. See
Figurate.
Figural numbers. See Figurate
numbers, under Figurate.
Fig"u*rant` (? , n. masc.
[F., prop. p.pr. of figurer figure, represent,
make a figure.] One who dances at the opera, not
singly, but in groups or figures; an accessory character on the
stage, who figures in its scenes, but has nothing to say; hence,
one who figures in any scene, without taking a prominent
part.
Fig"u*rante` (? , n. fem.
[F.] A female figurant; esp., a ballet
girl.
Fig"ur*ate (?), a. [L.
figuratus, p.p. of figurare. See
Figure.] 1. Of a definite form or
figure.
Plants are all figurate and determinate, which
inanimate bodies are not.
Bacon.
2. Figurative; metaphorical.
[Obs.]
Bale.
3. (Mus.) Florid; figurative; involving
passing discords by the freer melodic movement of one or more
parts or voices in the harmony; as, figurate
counterpoint or descant.
Figurate counterpoint descant (Mus.), that which is
not simple, or in which the parts do not move together tone for
tone, but in which freer movement of one or more parts mingles
passing discords with the harmony; -- called also
figural, figurative, and
figured counterpoint or
descant (although the term figured
is more commonly applied to a bass with numerals written above or
below to indicate the other notes of the harmony). --
Figurate numbers (Math.), numbers, or
series of numbers, formed from any arithmetical progression in
which the first term is a unit, and the difference a whole
number, by taking the first term, and the sums of the first two,
first three, first four, etc., as the successive terms of a new
series, from which another may be formed in the same manner, and
so on, the numbers in the resulting series being such that points
representing them are capable of symmetrical arrangement in
different geometrical figures, as triangles, squares, pentagons,
etc. In the following example, the two lower lines are
composed of figurate numbers, those in the second line
being triangular, and represented thus: --
. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
. . . 1, 3, 6, 10, etc.
. . . . . . . etc. 1, 4, 10, 20, etc
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Fig"ur*a`ted (?), a. Having a
determinate form.
Fig"ur*ate*ly (?), adv. In a
figurate manner.
Fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
figuratio.] 1. The act of giving
figure or determinate form; determination to a certain
form.
Bacon.
2. (Mus.) Mixture of concords and
discords.
Fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. [L.
figurativus: cf. F. figuratif. See
Figurative.] 1. Representing by a
figure, or by resemblance; typical; representative.
This, they will say, was figurative, and served, by
God's appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory
of a more divine sanctity.
Hooker.
2. Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor;
not literal; -- applied to words and expressions.
3. Ambounding in figures of speech; flowery;
florid; as, a highly figurative
description.
4. Relating to the representation of form or figure
by drawing, carving, etc. See Figure, n.,
2.
They belonged to a nation dedicated to the
figurative arts, and they wrote for a public familiar
with painted form.
J. A. Symonds.
Figurative counterpoint??/ descant. See under
Figurate.
-- Fig"ur*a*tive*ly, adv. --
Fig"ur*a*tive*ness, n.
Fig"ure (?; 135), n. [F.,
figure, L. figura; akin to
fingere to form, shape, feign. See
Feign.] 1. The form of anything;
shape; outline; appearance.
Flowers have all exquisite figures.
Bacon.
2. The representation of any form, as by drawing,
painting, modeling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a
representation of the human body; as, a figure in
bronze; a figure cut in marble.
A coin that bears the figure of an angel.
Shak.
3. A pattern in cloth, paper, or other manufactured
article; a design wrought out in a fabric; as, the muslin was
of a pretty figure.
4. (Geom.) A diagram or drawing; made to
represent a magnitude or the relation of two or more magnitudes;
a surface or space inclosed on all sides; -- called
superficial when inclosed by lines, and
solid when inclosed by surface; any arrangement made
up of points, lines, angles, surfaces, etc.
5. The appearance or impression made by the conduct
or carrer of a person; as, a sorry
figure.
I made some figure there.
Dryden.
Gentlemen of the best figure in the county.
Blackstone.
6. Distinguished appearance; magnificence;
conspicuous representation; splendor; show.
That he may live in figure and indulgence.
Law.
7. A character or symbol representing a number; a
numeral; a digit; as, 1, 2,3, etc.
8. Value, as expressed in numbers; price; as,
the goods are estimated or sold at a low
figure. [Colloq.]
With nineteen thousand a year at the very lowest
figure.
Thackeray.
9. A person, thing, or action, conceived of as
analogous to another person, thing, or action, of which it thus
becomes a type or representative.
Who is the figure of Him that was to come.
Rom. v. 14.
10. (Rhet.) A mode of expressing
abstract or immaterial ideas by words which suggest pictures or
images from the physical world; pictorial language; a trope;
hence, any deviation from the plainest form of statement.
To represent the imagination under the figure of a
wing.
Macaulay.
11. (Logic) The form of a syllogism with
respect to the relative position of the middle term.
12. (Dancing) Any one of the several
regular steps or movements made by a dancer.
13. (Astrol.) A horoscope; the diagram
of the aspects of the astrological houses.
Johnson.
14. (Music) (a) Any short
succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords,
which produce a single complete and distinct
impression.
Grove.
(b) A form of melody or accompaniment kept up
through a strain or passage; a musical or motive; a florid
embellishment.
2/4 signifies that the measure contains two
quarter notes. The following are the principal figures used for
this purpose: --
<-- the "figures" illustrated here have a bar through each number
and cannot be represented as simple fractions, thus the special
"musfig" field notation. The following numbers are contained in
a single line of large (ca. 14 pt.) bold type -->
2/22/42/8
4/22/44/8
3/23/43/8
6/46/46/8
Academy figure, Canceled figures,
Lay figure, etc. See under
Academy, Cancel, Lay, etc. --
Figure caster, Figure
flinger, an astrologer. This figure
caster.\'b8 Milton. -- Figure
flinging, the practice of astrology. --
Figure-of-eight knot, a knot shaped like the
figure 8. See Illust. under Knot. --
Figure painting, a picture of the human figure, or
the act or art of depicting the human figure. -- Figure
stone (Min.), agalmatolite. --
Figure weaving, the art or process of weaving
figured fabrics. -- To cut a figure, to make
a display. [Colloq.] Sir W.
Scott.
Fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Figured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Figuring.] [F.
figurer, L. figurare, fr.
figura. See Figure, n.]
1. To represent by a figure, as to form or mold; to
make an image of, either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into
a determinate form; to shape.
If love, alas! be pain I bear,
No thought can figure, and no tongue
declare.Prior.
2. To embellish with design; to adorn with
figures.
The vaulty top of heaven
Figured quite o'er with burning meteors.
Shak.
3. To indicate by numerals; also, to compute.
As through a crystal glass the figured hours are
seen.
Dryden.
4. To represent by a metaphor; to signify or
symbolize.
Whose white vestments figure innocence.
Shak.
5. To prefigure; to foreshow.
In this the heaven figures some event.
Shak.
6. (Mus.) (a) To write over or
under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to
indicate the accompanying chords. (b) To
embellish.
To figure out, to solve; to compute or find
the result of. -- To figure up, to add; to
reckon; to compute the amount of.
Fig"ure, v. t. 1. To make a
figure; to be distinguished or conspicious; as, the envoy
figured at court.
Sociable, hospitable, eloquent, admired, figuring
away brilliantly.
M. Arnold.
2. To calculate; to contrive; to scheme; as, he
is figuring to secure the nomination.
[Colloq.]
Fig"ured (?), a. 1.
Adorned with figures; marked with figures; as,
figured muslin.
2. Not literal; figurative.
[Obs.]
Locke.
3. (Mus.) (a) Free and florid;
as, a figured descant. See Figurate,
3. (b) Indicated or noted by figures.
Figured bass. See Continued bass,
under Continued.
Fig"ure*head` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) The figure, statue, or bust, on the prow
of a ship.
2. A person who allows his name to be used to give
standing to enterprises in which he has no responsible interest
or duties; a nominal, but not real, head or chief.
Fi*gu"ri*al (?), a. Represented
by figure or delineation. [R.]
Craig.
\'d8Fi`gu`rine" (? , n.
[F., dim. of figure.] A
very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially, one
in terra cotta or the like; -- distinguished from
statuette, which is applied to small figures in
bronze, marble, etc.
Fig"ur*ist (?), n. One who uses
or interprets figurative expressions.
Waterland.
Fig"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A genus of herbaceous plants (Scrophularia),
mostly found in the north temperate zones. See
Brownwort.
Fi"ji*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants. --
n. A native of the Fiji
islands. [Written also Feejeean,
Feejee.]
Fike (?), n. See
Fyke.
Fil (?), obs. imp.
of Fall, v. i. Fell.
Chaucer.
Fi*la"ceous (? , a. [L.
filum thread.] Composed of threads.
Bacon.
Fil"a*cer (?), n. [OE.
filace a file, or thread, on which the records of the
courts of justice were strung, F. filasse tow of flax
or hemp, fr. L. filum thread.] (Eng.
Law) A former officer in the English Court of Common
Pleas; -- so called because he filed the writs on
which he made out process. [Obs.]
Burrill.
Fil"a*ment (?), n. [F.
filament, fr. L. filum thread. See
File a row.] A thread or threadlike object or
appendage; a fiber; esp. (Bot.), the threadlike part
of the stamen supporting the anther.
Fil`a*men"ta*ry (?), a. Having
the character of, or formed by, a filament.
Fil"a*metoid` (?), a.
[Filament + -oid.] Like a
filament.
Fil`a*men"tous (?), a. [Cf. F.
filamenteux.] Like a thread; consisting of
threads or filaments.
Gray.
Fil"an*der (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A species of kangaroo (Macropus
Brunii), inhabiting New Guinea.
Fil"an*ders (?), n. pl. [F.
filandres, fr. L. filum thread.]
(Falconry) A disease in hawks, characterized by
the presence of small threadlike worms, also of filaments of
coagulated blood, from the rupture of a vein; -- called also
backworm.
Sir T. Browne.
Fi"lar (?), a. [L.
filum a thread.] Of or pertaining to a
thread or line; characterized by threads stretched across the
field of view; as, a filar microscope; a
filar micrometer.
\'d8Fi*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. filum a thread.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of slender, nematode worms of many species,
parasitic in various animals. See Guinea worm.
Fil"a*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
filatorium place for spinning, fr. filare
to spin, fr. L. filum a thread.] A machine
for forming threads. [Obs.]
W. Tooke.
Fil"a*ture (?; 135), n. [LL.
filatura, fr. filare to spin: cf. F.
filature. See Filatory.] 1.
A drawing out into threads; hence, the reeling of silk from
cocoons.
Ure.
2. A reel for drawing off silk from cocoons; also,
an establishment for reeling silk.
Fil"bert (?), n. [Perh. fr.
fill + bread, as filling the bread or husk; cf. G.
bartnuss (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named
from a St.Philibert, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in the
nutting season.] (Bot.) The fruit of the
Corylus Avellana or hazel. It is an oval nut,
containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste,
agreeable to the palate.
filberts are usually large
hazelnuts, especially the nuts from selected and cultivated
trees. The American hazelnuts are of two other species.
Filbert gall (Zo\'94l.), a gall
resembling a filbert in form, growing in clusters on grapevines.
It is produced by the larva of a gallfly
(Cecidomyia).
Filch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Filched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filching.] [Cf. AS. feol/n
to stick to, OHG. felhan, felahan, to hide,
Icel. fela, Goth. filhan to hide, bury,
Prov. E. feal to hide slyly, OE.
felen.] To steal or take privily (commonly,
that which is of little value); to pilfer.
Fain would they filch that little food away.
Dryden.
But he that filches from me my good name,
Robs me of that which not enriches him,
And makes me poor indeed.
Shak.
Filch"er (?), n. One who
filches; a thief.
Filch"ing*ly, adv. By pilfering or petty
stealing.
<-- p. 559 -->
File (?), n. [F.
file row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. fila),
LL. fila, fr. L. filum a thread. Cf.
Enfilade, Filament, Fillet.]
1. An orderly succession; a line; a row; as:
(a) (Mil) A row of soldiers ranged one
behind another; -- in contradistinction to rank,
which designates a row of soldiers standing abreast; a number
consisting the depth of a body of troops, which, in the ordinary
modern formation, consists of two men, the battalion standing two
deep, or in two ranks.
files in a company
describes its width, as the number of ranks does its depth; thus,
100 men in \'bdfours deep\'b8 would be spoken of as 25
files in 4 ranks.
Farrow.
(b) An orderly collection of papers, arranged in
sequence or classified for preservation and reference; as,
files of letters or of newspapers; this mail brings
English files to the 15th instant. (c)
The line, wire, or other contrivance, by which papers are
put and kept in order.
It is upon a file with the duke's other
letters.
Shak.
(d) A roll or list. \'bdA file of
all the gentry.\'b8
Shak.
<-- (e) (computer) a collection of data on a recording medium
treated as a unit for the purpose of recording or reading,
accesible by use of a file name. -->
2. Course of thought; thread of narration.
[Obs.]
Let me resume the file of my narration.
Sir H. Wotton.
File firing, the act of firing by file, or
each file independently of others. -- File
leader, the soldier at the front of any file, who
covers and leads those in rear of him. -- File
marching, the marching of a line two deep, when faced
to the right or left, so that the front and rear rank march side
by side. Brande & C. --Indian
file, Single file, a line of men
marching one behind another; a single row. -- On
file, preserved in an orderly collection. --
Rank and file. (a) The body of soldiers
constituing the mass of an army, including corporals and
privates. Wilhelm. (b) Those who
constitute the bulk or working members of a party, society, etc.,
in distinction from the leaders.
File (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Filed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Filing.]
1. To set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp.
as papers in a methodical manner for preservation and reverence;
to place on file; to insert in its proper place in an arranged
body of papers.
I would have my several courses and my dishes well
filed.
Beau. & Fl.
2. To bring before a court or legislative body by
presenting proper papers in a regular way; as, to
file a petition or bill.
Burrill.
3. (Law) To put upon the files or among
the records of a court; to note on (a paper) the fact date of its
reception in court.
To file a paper, on the part of a party, is to
place it in the official custody of the clerk. To
file, on the part of the clerk, is to indorse upon the
paper the date of its reception, and retain it in his office,
subject to inspection by whomsoever it may concern.
Burrill.
File, v. i. [Cf. F.
filer.] (Mil.) To march in a
file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another; --
generally with off.
To file with, to follow closely, as one
soldier after another in file; to keep pace.
My endeavors
Have ever come too short of my desires,
Yet filed with my abilities.
Shak.
File (?), n. [AS.
fe\'a2l; akin to D. viji, OHG.
f\'c6la, f\'c6hala, G. feile,
Sw. fil, Dan. fiil, cf. Icel.
//l, Russ. pila, and Skr.
pi/ to cut out, adorn; perh. akin to E.
paint.] 1. A steel instrument,
having cutting ridges or teeth, made by indentation with a
chisel, used for abrading or smoothing other substances, as
metals, wood, etc.
file differs from a rasp in
having the furrows made by straight cuts of a chisel, either
single or crossed, while the rasp has coarse, single teeth,
raised by the pyramidal end of a triangular punch.
2. Anything employed to smooth, polish, or rasp,
literally or figuratively.
Mock the nice touches of the critic's file.
Akenside.
3. A shrewd or artful person.
[Slang]
Fielding.
Will is an old file spite of his smooth face.
Thackeray.
Bastard file, Cross file,
etc. See under Bastard, Cross, etc. --
Cross-cut file, a file having two sets of teeth
crossing obliquely. -- File blank, a steel
blank shaped and ground ready for cutting to form a file. --
File cutter, a maker of files. --
Second-cut file, a file having teeth of a grade
next finer than bastard. -- Single-cut file,
a file having only one set of parallel teeth; a float.
-- Smooth file, a file having teeth so fine as to
make an almost smooth surface.
File, v. t. 1. To rub, smooth,
or cut away, with a file; to sharpen with a file; as, to
file a saw or a tooth.
2. To smooth or polish as with a file.
Shak.
File your tongue to a little more courtesy.Sir
W.Scott.
File, v. t. [OE. fulen,
filen, foulen, AS. f/lan, fr.
f/l foul. See Foul, and cf. Defile,
v.t.] To make f/ul; to
defile. [Obs.]
All his hairy breast with blood was
filed.Spenser.
For Banquo's issue have I filed mind.Shak.
File"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any plectognath fish of the genera
Monacanthus, Alutera, balistes,
and allied genera; -- so called on account of the roughly
granulated skin, which is sometimes used in place of
sandpaper.
Fil"e*mot (?), n. See
Feullemort.
Swift.
Fil"er (?), n. One who works
with a file.
Fil"ial (?), a. [L.
filialis, fr. filius son, filia
daughter; akin to e. female, feminine. Cf.
Fitz.] 1. Of or pertaining to a son
or daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents;
as, filial obedience.
2. Bearing the relation of a child.
And thus the filial Godhead answering spoke.
Milton.
Fil"ial*ly (?), adv. In a
filial manner.
Fil"i*ate (?), v. t. To adopt
as son or daughter; to establish filiation between.
[R.]
Southey.
Fil`i*a"tion (?), n. [LL.
filiatio, fr. L. filius son: cf. F.
filiation. See Filial.] 1.
The relationship of a son or child to a parent, esp. to a
father.
The relation of paternity and filiation.
Sir M. Hale.
2. (Law) The assignment of a bastard
child to some one as its ather; affiliation.
Smart.
Fil"i*beg (?), n. [Gael.
feileadhbeag, i.e., little kilt;
feileadh kilt + beag little, small; cf.
filleadh a plait, fold.] Same as
Kilt. [Written also
philibeg.]
Fil"i*bus`ter (?), n. [Sp.
flibuster, flibustero, corrupted fr. E.
freebooter. See Freebooter.] A
lawless military adventurer, especially one in quest of plunder;
a freebooter; -- originally applied to buccaneers infesting the
Spanish American coasts, but introduced into common English to
designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to Cuba in
1851, and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in
1855.
Fil"i*bus*ter, v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Fillibustered (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Filibustering.] 1.
To act as a filibuster, or military freebooter.
Bartlett.
2. To delay legislation, by dilatory motions or
other artifices. [political cant or slang,
U.S.]
Bartlett.
Fil"i*bus`ter*ism (?), n. The
characteristics or practices of a filibuster.
Bartlett.
Fil"i*cal (?), a. Belonging to
the Filices, r ferns.
Fi*lic"ic (?), a. [L.
filix, -icis, a fern.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, ferns;
as, filicic acid.
Fil"i*cide (?), n. [L.
filius son, filia daughter +
caedere to kill.] The act of murdering a
son or a daughter; also, parent who commits such a murder.
Fi*lic"i*form (?), a. [L.
filix, -icis, fern + -form: cf.
F. filiciforme] Shaped like a fern or like
the parts of a fern leaf.
Smart.
Fil"i*coid (?), a. [L.
filix, -icis, fern + -oid: cf.
F. filicoi\'8bde.] (Bot.)
Fernlike, either in form or in the nature of the method of
reproduction.
Fil"i*coid, n. (Bot.) A
fernlike plant.
Lindley.
Fi*li"e*ty (?), n. [L.
filietas.] The relation of a son to a
father; sonship; -- the correlative of
paternity.
J. S. Mill.
Fi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
filum a thread + -ferous.]
Producing threads.
Carpenter.
Fil"i*form (?), a. [L.
filum thread + -form: cf. F.
filiforme.] Having the shape of a thread or
filament; as, the filiform papill\'91 of the tongue;
a filiform style or peduncle. See Illust.
of Antenn\'92.
{ Fil"i*grain, Fil"i*grane }
(?), n. [Sp. filigrana (cf.
It. filigrana, E. filigrane), fr. L.
filuma thread + granum grain. See
File a row, and Grain, and cf.
Filigree.] Filigree.
[Archaic]
With her head . . . touches the crown of
filigrane.
Longfellow.
Fil"i*graned (?), a. See
Filigreed. [Archaic]
Fil"i*gree (?), n. [Corrupted
fr. filigrane.] Ornamental work, formerly
with grains or breads, but now composed of fine wire and used
chiefly in decorating gold and silver to which the wire is
soldered, being arranged in designs frequently of a delicate and
intricate arabesque pattern.
Fil"i*gree, a. Relating to, composed of,
or resembling, work in filigree; as, a filigree
basket. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely
decorative.
You ask for reality, not fiction and filigree
work.
J. C. Shairp.
Fil"i*greed (?), a. Adorned
with filigree.
Tatler.
Fil"ing (?), n. A fragment or
particle rubbed off by the act of filing; as, iron
filings.
Fil`i*pen"du*lous (?; 135), a.
[L. filum a thread + pendulus hanging,
fr. pend/re to hang.] (Bot.)
Suspended by, or strung upon, a thread; -- said of tuberous
swellings in the middle or at the extremities of slender,
threadlike rootlets.
Fill (?), n. [See
Thill.] One of the thills or shafts of a
carriage.
Mortimer.
Fill horse, a thill horse.
Shak.
Fill, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Filled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filling.] [OE. fillen,
fullen, AS. fyllan, fr. full
full; akin to D. vullen, G. f\'81llen,
Icel. fylla, Sw. fylla, Dan.
fylde, Goth. fulljan. See Full,
a.] 1. To make full; to supply
with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour into,
till no more can be received; to occupy the whole capacity
of.
The rain also filleth the pools.
Ps. lxxxiv. 6.
Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with
water. Anf they filled them up to the brim.
John ii. 7.
2. To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with
as mush as is desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to
swarm in or overrun.
And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and
fill the waters in the seas.
Gen. i. 22.
The Syrians filled the country.
1 Kings xx. 27.
3. To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to
satisfy.
Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to
fillso great a multitude?
Matt. xv. 33.
Things that are sweet and fat are more filling.
Bacon.
4. To possess and perform the duties of; to
officiate in, as an incumbent; to occupy; to hold; as, a king
fills a throne; the president fills the office
of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House fills the
chair.
5. To supply with an incumbent; as, to
fill an office or a vacancy.
A. Hamilton.
6. (Naut.) (a) To press and
dilate, as a sail; as, the wind filled the
sails. (b) To trim (a yard) so that the
wind shall blow on the after side of the sails.
7. (Civil Engineering) To make an
embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place), with earth or
gravel.
To fill in, to insert; as, he filled
in the figures. -- To fill out, to
extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to
fill out a bill. -- To fill up, to
make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely; to occupy
completely; to complete. \'bdThe bliss that fills
up all the mind.\'b8 Pope. \'bdAnd fill
up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ.\'b8
Col. i. 24.
Fill (?), v. i. 1. To
become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an
abundant supply; to be satiated; as, corn fills well
in a warm season; the sail fills with the
wind.
2. To fill a cup or glass for drinking.
Give me some wine; fill full.
Shak.
To back and fill. See under Back, v.
i. -- To fill up, to grow or become quite
full; as, the channel of the river fills up with
sand.
Fill, n. [AS. fyllo. See
Fill, v. t.] A full supply, as
much as supplies want; as much as gives complete
satisfaction. \'bdYe shall eat your fill.\'b8
Lev. xxv. 19.
I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill.
Shak.
Fill"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, fills; something used for filling.
'T is mere filer, to stop a vacancy in the
hexameter.
Dryden.
They have six diggers to four fillers, so as to
keep the fillers always at work.
Mortimer.
Fill"er, n. [From 1st
Fill.] A thill horse. [Prov.
Eng.]
Fil"let (?), n. [OE.
filet, felet, fr. OF. filet
thread, fillet of meat, dim. of fil a thread, fr. L.
filum. See Fille a row.] 1.
A little band, especially one intended to encircle the hair
of the head.
A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair.
Pope.
2. (Cooking) A piece of lean meat
without bone; sometimes, a long strip rolled together and
tied.
fillet of beef is the under side of the
sirlom; also called tenderloin. A fillet of
veal or mutton is the fleshy part of the thigh. A
fillet of fish is a slice of flat fish without bone.
\'bdFillet of a fenny snake.\'b8
Shak.
3. A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: (a) A
strip of metal from which coins are punched. (b) A strip
of card clothing. (c) A thin projecting band or
strip.
4. (Mach.) A concave filling in of a
re\'89ntrant angle where two surfaces meet, forming a rounded
corner.
5. (Arch.) A narrow flat member;
especially, a flat molding separating other moldings; a reglet;
also, the space between two flutings in a shaft. See
Illust. of Base, and Column.
6. (Her.) An ordinary equaling in
breadth one fourth of the chief, to the lowest portion of which
it corresponds in position.
7. (Mech.) The thread of a screw.
8. A border of broad or narrow lines of color or
gilt.
9. The raised molding about the muzzle of a
gun.
10. Any scantling smaller than a batten.
11. (Anat.) A fascia; a band of fibers;
applied esp. to certain bands of white matter in the brain.
12. (Man.) The loins of a horse,
beginning at the place where the hinder part of the saddle
rests.
Arris fillet. See under
Arris.
Fil"let, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Filleted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Filleting.] To bind, furnish, or adorn
with a fillet.
Fil"let*ing, n. 1.
(Arch.) The protecting of a joint, as between
roof and parapet wall, with mortar, or cement, where
flashing is employed in better work.
2. The material of which fillets are made; also,
fillets, collectively.
Fil"li*beg (?), n. A kilt. See
Filibeg.
Fil"li*bus`ter (?), n. See
Filibuster.
Fill"ing (?), n. 1.
That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty space, or
to supply a deficiency; as, filling for a cavity in
a tooth, a depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior
and interior walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood,
the space between the outer and inner planks of a vessel,
etc.
2. The woof in woven fabrics.
3. (Brewing) Prepared wort added to ale
to cleanse it.
Back filling. (Arch.) See under
Back, a.
Fil"lip (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Filliped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filliping.] [For filp,
flip. Cf. Flippant.] 1.
To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against
the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a
sudden spring; to snap with the finger. \'bdYou
filip me o' the head.\'b8
Shak.
2. To snap; to project quickly.
The use of the elastic switch to fillip small
missiles with.
Tylor.
Fil"lip, n. 1. A jerk of the
finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a smart blow.
2. Something serving to rouse or excite.
I take a glass of grog for a filip.
Dickens.
Fil"li*peen` (?), n. See
Philopena.
Fil"lis*ter (?), n. 1.
The rabbet on the outer edge of a sash bar to hold the glass
and the putty.
Knight.
2. A plane for making a rabbet.
Fillister screw had, a short cylindrical screw
head, having a convex top.
Fil"ly (?), n.; pl.
Fillies (#). [Cf. Icel.
fylia, fr. foli foal. See
Foal.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. Colt,
Foal.
Neighing in likeness of a filly foal.
Shak.
2. A lively, spirited young girl.
[Colloq.]
Addison.
Film (?), n. [AS.
film skin, fr. fell skin; akin to
fylmen membrane, OFries. filmene skin. See
Fell skin.] 1. A thin skin; a
pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity; hence, any
thin, slight covering.
He from thick films shall purge the visual ray.
Pope.
2. A slender thread, as that of a cobweb.
Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of film.
Shak.
Film, v. t. To cover with a thin skin or
pellicle.
It will but skin and film the ulcerous place.
Shak.
Film"i*ness (?), n. State of
being filmy.
Film"y (?), a. Composed of film
or films.
Whose filmy cord should bind the struggling
fly.
Dryden.
Fil`o*plu*ma"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the structure of a
filoplume.
Fil"o*plume (?), n. [L.
filum a thread / pluma a soft
feather.] (Zo\'94l.) A hairlike feather; a
father with a slender scape and without a web in most or all of
its length.
<-- p. 560 -->
Fi"lose` (?), a. [L.
filum a thread.] Terminating in a
threadlike process.
Fil"ter (?), n. [F.
filtre, the same word as feutre felt, LL.
filtrum, feltrum, felt, fulled wool, this
being used for straining liquors. See Feuter.]
Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal,
through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from
the solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or
device containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar
device for purifying air.
Filter bed, a pond, the bottom of which is a
filter composed of sand gravel. -- Filter
gallery, an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside of
a stream, to collect the water that filters through the
intervening sand and gravel; -- called also infiltration
gallery.
Fil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Filtered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Filtering] [Cf. F.
filter. See Filter, n., and cf.
Filtrate.] To purify or defecate, as water or
other liquid, by causing it to pass through a filter.
Filtering paper, Filter
paper, a porous unsized paper, for
filtering.
Fil"ter, v. i. To pass through a filter;
to percolate.
Fil"ter, n. Same as
Philter.
Filth (?), n. [OE.
filthe, ful\'ebe, AS. f/l\'eb,
fr. f\'d4l foul; akin to OHG. f\'d4lida.
See Foul, and cf. File.] 1.
Foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt;
nastiness.
2. Anything that sullies or defiles the moral
character; corruption; pollution.
To purify the soul from the dross and filth of
sensual delights.
Tillotson.
Filth disease (Med.), a disease
supposed to be due to pollution of the soil or water.
Filth"i*ly (?), adv. In a
filthy manner; foully.
Filth"i*ness, n. 1. The state
of being filthy.
Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the
flesh and spirit.
2 Cor. vii. 1.
2. That which is filthy, or makes filthy; foulness;
nastiness; corruption; pollution; impurity.
Carry forth the filthiness out of the holy
place.
2 Chron. xxix. 5.
Filth"y (?), a.
[Compar. Filthier (?);
superl. Filthiest.] Defiled
with filth, whether material or moral; nasty; dirty; polluted;
foul; impure; obscene. \'bdIn the filthy-mantled
pool.\'b8
Shak.
He which is filthy let him be filthy
still.
Rev. xxii. 11.
Syn. -- Nasty; foul; dirty; squalid; unclean; sluttish;
gross; vulgar; licentious. See Nasty.
Fil"trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Filtrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Filtrating.
(/)] [Cf. LL. filtrare.
See Filter.] To filter; to defecate; as
liquid, by straining or percolation.
Arbuthnot.
Fil"trate (?), n. That which
has been filtered; the liquid which has passed through the filter
in the process of filtration.
Fil*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
filtration.] The act or process of
filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the
undissolved particles floating in it.
{ Fin"ble, n., Fim"ble
hemp` (?). }[Corrupted from female
hemp.] Light summer hemp, that bears no
seed.
\'d8Fim"bri*a (?), n.; pl.
Fimbri\'91 (#). [L., fringe. See
Fringle.] (Anat.) (a)
pl. A fringe, or fringed border.
(b) A band of white matter bordering the
hippocampus in the brain. -- Fim"bri*al
(#), a.
Fim*bri*ate (?), a. [L.
fimbriatus fibrous, fringed, fr. fimbria
fiber, fringe. See Fringe.] Having the edge
or extremity bordered by filiform processes thicker than hairs;
fringed; as, the fimbriate petals of the pink; the
fimbriate end of the Fallopian tube.
Fim"bri*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fimbriated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Fimbriating.] To
hem; to fringe.
Fuller.
Fim"bri*a`ted (?), a. 1.
Having a fringed border; fimbriate.
2. (Her.) Having a very narrow border of
another tincture; -- said esp. of an ordinary or
subordinary.
Fim"bri*cate (?), a. 1.
Fringed; jagged; fimbriate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) fringed, on one side only,
by long, straight hairs, as the antenn\'91 of certain
insects.
Fin (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Finned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Finning.] [Cf. Fin of
a fish.] To carve or cut up, as a chub.
Fin, n. [See Fine,
n.] End; conclusion; object.
[Obs.] \'bdShe knew eke the fin of his
intent.\'b8
Chaucer.
Fin, n.[OE. finne,
fin, AS. finn; akin to D. vin,
G. & Dan. finne, Sw. fena, L.
pinna, penna, a wing, feather. cf.
pen a feather.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by
rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to
balance and propel it in the water.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A membranous, finlike,
swimming organ, as in pteropod and heteropod mollusks.
3. A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an
object or product which protrudes like a fin, as:
(a) The hand. [Slang]
(b) (Com.) A blade of whalebone.
[Eng.]
McElrath.
(c) (Mech.) A mark or ridge left on a
casting at the junction of the parts of a mold.
(d) (Mech.) The thin sheet of metal
squeezed out between the collars of the rolls in the process of
rolling.
Raymond.
(e) (Mech.) A feather; a spline.
4. A finlike appendage, as to submarine
boats.
Apidose fin. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Adipose, a. -- Fin ray
(Anat.), one of the hornlike, cartilaginous, or
bony, dermal rods which form the skeleton of the fins of
fishes. -- Fin whale (Zo\'94l.), a
finback. -- Paired fins (Zo\'94l.),
the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding to the fore and
hind legs of the higher animals. -- Unpaired,
, fins (Zo\'94l.),
the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins.
Fin"a*ble (?), a. [From
Fine.] Liable or subject to a fine; as, a
finable person or offense.
Bacon.
Fi"nal (?), a. [F., fr. L.
finalis, fr. finis boundary, limit, end. See
Finish.] 1. Pertaining to the end or
conclusion; last; terminating; ultimate; as, the
final day of a school term.
Yet despair not of his final pardon.
Milton.
2. Conclusive; decisive; as, a final
judgment; the battle of Waterloo brought the contest to a
final issue.
3. Respecting an end or object to be gained;
respecting the purpose or ultimate end in view.
Final cause. See under
Cause.
Syn. -- Final, Conclusive,
Ultimate. Final is now
appropriated to that which brings with it an end; as, a
final adjustment; the final judgment, etc.
Conclusive implies the closing of all discussion,
negotiation, etc.; as, a conclusive argument or fact;
a conclusive arrangement. In using
ultimate, we have always reference to something
earlier or proceeding; as when we say, a temporary reverse may
lead to an ultimate triumph. The statements which a
man finally makes at the close of a negotiation are
usually conclusive as to his ultimate
intentions and designs.
\'d8Fi*na"le (?), n. [It. See
Final.] Close; termination; as:
(a) (Mus.) The last movement of a
symphony, sonata, concerto, or any instrumental
composition. (b) The last composition
performed in any act of an opera. (c) The
closing part, piece, or scene in any public performance or
exhibition.
Fi*nal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Finalities (#). [L.
finalitas the being last.] 1. The
state of being final, finished, or complete; a final or
conclusive arrangement; a settlement.
Baxter.
2. The relation of end or purpose to its
means.
Janet.
Fi"nal*ly (?), adv. 1.
At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly; as, the
contest was long, but the Romans finally
conquered.
Whom patience finally must crown.
Milton.
2. Completely; beyond recovery.
Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly
destroyed or finally rooted out.
Sir J. Davies.
Fi*nance" (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
financia payment of money, money, fr.
finare to pay a fine or subsidy (cf. OF.
finer to finish, pay), fr. L. finis end.
See Fine, n., Finish.]
1. The income of a ruler or of a state; revennue;
public money; sometimes, the income of an individual; often used
in the plural for funds; available money; resources.
All the finances or revenues of the imperial
crown.
Bacon.
2. The science of raising and expending the public
revenue. \'bdVersed in the details of
finance.\'b8
Macaulay.
Fi*nan"cial (?), a. Pertaining
to finance. \'bdOur financial and commercial
system.\'b8
Macaulay.
Fi*nan"cial*ist, n. A financier.
Fi*nan"cial*ly, adv. In a dfinancial
manner.
Burke.
Fin`an*cier" (?; 277), n. [Cf.
F. financier.] 1. One charged with
the administration of finance; an officer who administers the
public revenue; a treasurer.
Burke.
2. One skilled in financial operations; one
acquainted with money matters.
Fin`an*cier", v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Financiered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Financiering.] To conduct
financial operations.
Fin"a*ry (?), n. (Iron
Works) See Finery.
Fi"na*tive (?), a. Conclusive;
decisive; definitive; final. [Obs.]
Greene (1593).
Fin"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any whale of the genera
Sibbaldius, Bal\'91noptera, and allied
genera, of the family Bal\'91nopterid\'91,
characterized by a prominent fin on the back. The common finbacks
of the New England coast are Sibbaldius tectirostris
and S. tuberosus.
Finch (?), n.; pl.
Fishes (#). [AS. finc;
akin to D. vink, OHG. fincho, G.
fink; cf. W. pinc a finch; also E.
spink.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to the family
Fringillid\'91.
finch, goldfinch,
grassfinch, pinefinch, etc.
Bramble finch. See Brambling. --
Canary finch, the canary bird. -- Copper
finch. See Chaffinch. -- Diamond
finch. See under Diamond. -- Finch
falcon (Zo\'94l.), one of several very small
East Indian falcons of the genus Hierax. --
To pull a finch, to swindle an ignorant or
unsuspecting person. [Obs.] \'bdPrivily a
finch eke could he pull.\'b8
Chaucer.
Finch"backed` (?), a. Streaked
or spotted on the back; -- said of cattle.
Finched (?), a. Same as
Finchbacked.
Find (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Found (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Finding.]
[AS. findan; akin to D. vinden, OS. &
OHG. findan, G. finden, Dan.
finde, icel. & Sw. finna, Goth.
fin/an; and perh. to L. petere to seek,
Gr. / to fall, Skr. pat to fall, fly, E.
petition.] 1. To meet with, or
light upon, accidentally; to gain the first sight or knowledge
of, as of something new, or unknown; hence, to fall in with, as a
person.
Searching the window for a flint, I found
This paper, thus sealed up.
Shak.
In woods and forests thou art found.
Cowley.
2. To learn by experience or trial; to perceive; to
experience; to discover by the intellect or the feelings; to
detect; to feel. \'bdI find you passing
gentle.\'b8
Shak.
The torrid zone is now found habitable.
Cowley.
3. To come upon by seeking; as, to
find something lost. (a) To
discover by sounding; as, to find bottom.
(b) To discover by study or experiment direct to an
object or end; as, water is found to be a compound
substance. (c) To gain, as the object of
desire or effort; as, to find leisure; to
find means. (d) To attain to;
to arrive at; to acquire.
Seek, and ye shall find.
Matt. vii. 7.
Every mountain now hath found a tongue.
Byron.
4. To provide for; to supply; to furnish; as,
to find food for workemen; he finds his nephew
in money.
Wages \'9c14 and all found.
London Times.
Nothing a day and find yourself.
Dickens.
<-- obsolete?? -->
5. To arrive at, as a conclusion; to determine as
true; to establish; as, to find a verdict; to
find a true bill (of indictment) against an accused
person.
To find his title with some shows of truth.
Shak.
To find out, to detect (a thief); to discover
(a secret) -- to solve or unriddle (a parable or enigma); to
understand. \'bdCanst thou by searching find out
God?\'b8 Job. xi. 7. \'bdWe do hope to find
out all your tricks.\'b8 Milton. -- To find
fault with, to blame; to censure. -- To find
one's self, to be; to fare; -- often used in speaking
of health; as, how do you find yourself this
morning?
Find (?), v. i. (Law)
To determine an issue of fact, and to declare such a
determination to a court; as, the jury find for the
plaintiff.
Burrill.
Find, n. Anything found; a discovery of
anything valuable; especially, a deposit, discovered by
arch\'91ologists, of objects of prehistoric or unknown
origin.
Find"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
beong found; discoverable.
Fuller.
Find"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, finds; specifically (Astron.), a small
telescope of low power and large field of view, attached to a
larger telescope, for the purpose of finding an object more
readily.
Find"fault` (?), n. A censurer
or caviler. [Obs.]
Find"fault`ing, a. Apt to censure or
cavil; faultfinding; captious. [Obs.]
Whitlock.
Find"ing, n. 1. That which is
found, come upon, or provided; esp. (pl.), that
which a journeyman artisan finds or provides for himself; as
tools, trimmings, etc.
When a man hath been laboring . . . in the deep mines of
knowledge, hath furnished out his findings in all
their equipage.
Milton.
2. Support; maintenance; that which is provided for
one; expence; provision.
3. (Law) The result of a judicial
examination or inquiry, especially into some matter of fact; a
verdict; as, the finding of a jury.
Burrill.
After his friends finding and his rent.
Chaucer.
Fin"dy (?), a. [AS.
finding heavy; cf. Dan. fyndig strong,
energetical, fynd strength, energy, emphasis.]
Full; heavy; firm; solid; substemtial.
[Obs.]
A cold May and a windy
Makes the barn fat amd findy.
Old Prover/.
Fine (?), a.
[Compar. Finer (?);
superl. Finest.] [F.
fin, LL. finus fine, pure, fr. L.
finire to finish; cf. finitus, p.p.,
finished, completed (hence the sense accomplished,
perfect.) See Finish, and cf.
Finite.] 1. Finished; brought to
perfection; refined; hence, free from impurity; excellent;
superior; elegant; worthy of admiration; accomplished;
beautiful.
The gain thereof [is better] than fine gold.
Prov. iii. 14.
A cup of wine that's brisk and fine.
Shak.
Not only the finest gentleman of his time, but one
of the finest scholars.
Felton.
To soothe the sick bed of so fine a being
[Keats].
Leigh Hunt.
2. Aiming at show or effect; loaded with ornament;
overdressed or overdecorated; showy.
He gratified them with occasional . . . fine
writing.
M. Arnold.
3. Nice; delicate; subtle; exquisite; artful;
skillful; dexterous.
The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine!
Pope.
The nicest and most delicate touches of satire consist in
fine raillery.
Dryden.
He has as fine a hand at picking a pocket as a
woman.
T. Gray.
4. Not coarse, gross, or heavy; as:
(a) Not gross; subtile; thin; tenous.
The eye standeth in the finer medium and the object
in the grosser.
Bacon.
(b) Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as,
fine sand or flour. (c) Not thick
or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a fine thread.
(d) Thin; attenuate; keen; as, a fine
edge. (e) Made of fine materials; light;
delicate; as, fine linen or silk.
5. Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its
composition; as, coins nine tenths fine.
6. (Used ironically.)
Ye have made a fine hand, fellows.
Shak.
Fine is often compounded with participles
and adjectives, modifying them adverbially; a,
fine-drawn, fine-featured,
fine-grained, fine-spoken,
fine-spun, etc.
Fine arch (Glass Making), the
smaller fritting furnace of a glasshouse. Knight.
-- Fine arts. See the Note under
Art. -- Fine cut, fine cut tobacco;
a kind of chewing tobacco cut up into shreds. -- Fine
goods, woven fabrics of fine texture and quality.
McElrath. -- Fine stuff, lime, or a
mixture of lime, plaster, etc., used as material for the
finishing coat in plastering. -- To sail fine
(Naut.), to sail as close to the wind as
possible.
Syn. -- Fine, Beautiful.
When used as a word of praise, fine (being opposed to
coarse) denotes no \'bdordinary thing of its kind.\'b8
It is not as strong as beautiful, in reference to the
single attribute implied in the latter term; but when we speak of
a fine woman, we include a greater variety of
particulars, viz., all the qualities which become a woman, --
breeding, sentiment, tact, etc. The term is equally comprehensive
when we speak of a fine garden, landscape, horse,
poem, etc.; and, though applied to a great variety of objects,
the word has still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree
of characteristic excellence.
<-- p. 561 -->
Fine, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fining.] [From Fine,
a.] 1. To make fine; to refine; to
purify, to clarify; as, to fine gold.
It hath been fined and refined by . . . learned
men.
Hobbes.
2. To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk,
texture, etc.; as. to fine the soil.
L. H. Bailey.
3. To change by fine gradations; as
(Naut.), to fine down a ship's lines, to
diminish her lines gradually.
I often sate at home
On evenings, watching how they fined themselves
With gradual conscience to a perfect night.
Browning.
Fine (?), n. [OE.
fin, L. finis end, also in LL., a
final agreement or concord between the lord and his
vassal; a sum of money paid at the end, so as to make
an end of a transaction, suit, or prosecution; mulct;
penalty; cf. OF. fin end, settlement, F.
fin end. See Finish, and cf.
Finance.] 1. End; conclusion;
termination; extinction. [Obs.] \'bdTo see
their fatal fine.\'b8
Spenser.
Is this the fine of his fines?
Shak.
2. A sum of money paid as the settlement of a
claim, or by way of terminating a matter in dispute; especially,
a payment of money imposed upon a party as a punishment for an
offense; a mulct.
3. (Law) (a) (Feudal Law)
A final agreement concerning lands or rents between persons,
as the lord and his vassal.
Spelman.
(b) (Eng. Law) A sum of money or price
paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or privilege, as for
admission to a copyhold, or for obtaining or renewing a
lease.
Fine for alienation (Feudal Law), a
sum of money paid to the lord by a tenant whenever he had
occasion to make over his land to another. Burrill.
-- Fine of lands, a species of conveyance in the
form of a fictitious suit compromised or terminated by the
acknowledgment of the previous owner that such land was the right
of the other party. Burrill. See Concord,
n., 4. -- In fine, in conclusion; by
way of termination or summing up.
Fine, v. t. [From Fine,
n.] To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for
an offense or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a
court; to punish by fine; to mulct; as, the trespassers were
fined ten dollars.
Fine, v. i. To pay a fine. See
Fine, n., 3 (b).
[R.]
Men fined for the king's good will; or that he
would remit his anger; women fined for leave to
marry.
Hallam.
Fine, v. t. & i. [OF. finer,
F. finir. See Finish, v. t.]
To finish; to cease; or to cause to cease.
[Obs.]
Fine"draw` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Finedrawn
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finedrawing.] To sew up, so nicely that
the seam is not perceived; to renter.
Marryat.
Fine"draw`er (?), n. One who
finedraws.
Fine"drawn` (?), a. Drawn out
with too much subtilty; overnice; as, finedrawn
speculations.
Fi*neer" (?), v. i. To run in
dept by getting goods made up in a way unsuitable for the use of
others, and then threatening not to take them except on
credit. [R.]
Goldsmith.
Fi*neer", v. t. To veneer.
Fine"less (?), a.
[Fine end + -less.]
Endless; boundless. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fine"ly, adv. In a fine or finished
manner.
Fine"ness, n. [From Fine,
a.] 1. The quality or condition of
being fine.
2. Freedom from foreign matter or alloy; clearness;
purity; as, the fineness of liquor.
The fineness of the gold, and chargeful
fashion.
Shak.
3. The proportion of pure silver or gold in
jewelry, bullion, or coins.
4. Keenness or sharpness; as, the
fineness of a needle's point, or of the edge of a
blade.
Fin"er (?), n. One who fines or
purifies.
Fin"er*y (?), n. 1.
Fineness; beauty. [Obs.]
Don't choose your place of study by the finery of
the prospects.
I. Watts.
2. Ornament; decoration; especially, excecially
decoration; showy clothes; jewels.
Her mistress' cast-off finery.
F. W. Robertson.
3. [Cf. Refinery.] (Iron
Works) A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion
of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for
puddling.
Fine"spun` (?), a. Spun so as
to be fine; drawn to a fine thread; attenuated; hence,
unsubstantial; visionary; as, finespun
theories.
Fi`nesse" (? , n. [F.,
fr. fin fine. See Fine, a.]
1. Subtilty of contrivance to gain a point;
artifice; stratagem.
This is the artificialest piece of finesse to
persuade men into slavery.
Milton.
2. (Whist Playing) The act of finessing.
See Finesse, v. i., 2.
Fi*nesse" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Finessed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finessing.] 1. To use artifice
or stratagem.
Goldsmith.
2. (Whist Playing) To attempt, when
second or third player, to make a lower card answer the purpose
of a higher, when an intermediate card is out, risking the chance
of its being held by the opponent yet to play.
Fine"still` (?), v. t. To
distill, as spirit from molasses or some saccharine
preparation.
Fine"still`er (?), n. One who
finestills.
Fin"ew (?), n. [See
Fenowed.] Moldiness. [R.]
Fin"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A finback whale.
(b) (pl.) True fish, as distinguished
from shellfish.
Fin"foot` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American bird (heliornis
fulica) allied to the grebes. The name is also applied to
several related species of the genus Podica.
Fin"-foot`ed, a. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Having palmate feet. (b)
Having lobate toes, as the coot and grebe.
Fin"ger (?), n. [AS.
finger; akin to D. vinger, OS. & OHG.
fingar, G. finger, Icel. fingr,
Sw. & Dan. finger, Goth. figgrs; of unknown
origin; perh. akin to E. fang.] 1.
One of the five terminating members of the hand; a digit;
esp., one of the four extermities of the hand, other than the
thumb.
2. Anything that does work of a finger; as, the
pointer of a clock, watch, or other registering machine;
especially (Mech.) a small projecting rod, wire, or
piece, which is brought into contact with an object to effect,
direct, or restrain a motion.
3. The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of
the hand; a measure of nearly an inch; also, the length of
finger, a measure in domestic use in the United States, of about
four and a half inches or one eighth of a yard.
A piece of steel three fingers thick.
Bp. Wilkins.
4. Skill in the use of the fingers, as in playing
upon a musical instrument. [R.]
She has a good finger.
Busby.
Ear finger, the little finger. --
Finger alphabet. See Dactylology. --
Finger bar, the horizontal bar, carrying slotted
spikes, or fingers, through which the vibratory knives of mowing
and reaping machines play. -- Finger board
(Mus.), the part of a stringed instrument against
which the fingers press the strings to vary the tone; the
keyboard of a piano, organ, etc.; manual. --
Finger bowl , a
bowl or glass to hold water for rinsing the fingers at
table. -- Finger flower (Bot.),
the foxglove. -- Finger grass
(Bot.), a kind of grass (Panicum
sanguinale) with slender radiating spikes; common crab
grass. See Crab grass, under Crab. --
Finger nut, a fly nut or thumb nut. --
Finger plate, a strip of metal, glass, etc., to
protect a painted or polished door from finger marks. --
Finger post, a guide post bearing an index
finger. -- Finger reading, reading printed in
relief so as to be sensible to the touch; -- so made for the
blind. -- Finger shell (Zo\'94l.),
a marine shell (Pholas dactylus) resembling a
finger in form. -- Finger sponge
(Zo\'94l.), a sponge having finger-shaped lobes,
or branches. -- Finger stall, a cover or
shield for a finger. -- Finger steel, a steel
instrument for whetting a currier's knife.
To burn one's fingers. See under
Burn. -- To have a finger in, to be
concerned in. [Colloq.] -- To have at
one's fingers' ends, to be thoroughly familiar
with. [Colloq.]
Fin"ger (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fingered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fingering.] 1. To touch with
the fingers; to handle; to meddle with.
Let the papers lie;
You would be fingering them to anger me.
Shak.
2. To touch lightly; to toy with.
3. (Mus.) (a) To perform on an
instrument of music. (b) To mark the notes of
(a piece of music) so as to guide the fingers in playing.
4. To take thievishly; to pilfer; to purloin.
Shak.
5. To execute, as any delicate work.
Fin"ger, v. i. (Mus.) To use
the fingers in playing on an instrument.
Busby.
Fin"gered (?), a. 1.
Having fingers.
2. (Bot.) Having leaflets like fingers;
digitate.
3. (Mus.) Marked with figures
designating which finger should be used for each note.
Fin"ger*er (?), n. One who
fingers; a pilferer.
Fin"ger*ing, n. 1. The act or
process of handling or touching with the fingers.
The mere sight and fingering of money.
Grew.
2. The manner of using the fingers in playing or
striking the keys of an instrument of music; movement or
management of the fingers in playing on a musical instrument, in
typewriting, etc.
3. The marking of the notes of a piece of music to
guide or regulate the action or use of the fingers.
4. Delicate work made with the fingers.
Spenser.
Fin"ger*ling (?), n.
[Finger + -ling.]
(Zo\'94l.) A young salmon. See
Parr.
Fin"gle-fan`gle (?), n. [From
fangle.] A trifle. [Low]
Hudibras.
\'d8Fin"gri*go (?), n.; pl.
Fingrigos (#). [So called in
Jamaica.] (Bot.) A prickly, climbing shrub
of the genus Pisonia. The fruit is a kind of
berry.
Fin"*i*al (?), n. [L.
finire to finish, end. See Finish.]
(Arch.) The knot or bunch of foliage, or foliated
ornament, that forms the upper extremity of a pinnacle in Gothic
architecture; sometimes, the pinnacle itself.
Fin"i*cal (?), a. [From
Fine, a.] Affectedly fine;
overnice; unduly particular; fastidious.
\'bdFinical taste.\'b8
Wordsworth.
The gross style consists in giving no detail, the
finical in giving nothing else.
Hazlitt.
Syn. -- Finical, Spruce,
Foppish. These words are applied to
persons who are studiously desirous to cultivate finery of
appearance. One who is spruce is elaborately nice in
dress; one who is finical shows his affectation in
language and manner as well as in dress; one who is
foppish distinguishes himself by going to the extreme
of the fashion in the cut of his clothes, by the tawdriness of
his ornaments, and by the ostentation of his manner. \'bdA
finical gentleman clips his words and screws his body
into as small a compass as possible, to give himself the air of a
delicate person; a spruce gentleman strives not to
have a fold wrong in his frill or cravat, nor a hair of his head
to lie amiss; a foppish gentleman seeks . . . to
render himself distinguished for finery.\'b8
Crabb.
-- Fin"i*cal*ly, adv. --
Fin"i*cal*ness, n.
Fin`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being finical; finicalness.
{ Fin"ick*ing (?), Fin"ick*y,
a. }Finical; unduly particular.
[Colloq.]
Fi*nif"ic (? , n. [L.
finis end + facere to make.] A
limiting element or quality. [R.]
The essential finific in the form of the
finite.
Coleridge.
Fin"i*fy (? , v. t.
[Fine, a. + -fy.]
To make fine; to dress finically. [Obs.]
Hath so pared and finified them [his feet.]
B. Jonson.
Fin"i*kin (?), a.
[Fine, a. + -kin.]
Precise in trifles; idly busy. [Colloq.]
Smart.
Fin"ing (?), n. 1. The
act of imposing a fin/.
2. The process of fining or refining;
clarification; also (Metal.), the conversion of cast
iron into suitable for puddling, in a hearth or charcoal
fire.
3. That which is used to refine; especially, a
preparation of isinglass, gelatin, etc., for clarifying
beer.
Fining pot, a vessel in which metals are
refined.
Prov. xvii. 3.
\'d8Fi"nis (?), n. [L.]
An end; conclusion. It is often placed at the end of a
book.
Fin"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Finished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finishing.] [F. finir (with
a stem finiss- in several forms, whence E.
-ish: see -ish.),fr. L. finire
to limit, finish, end, fr. finis boundary, limit, end;
perh. for fidnis, and akin findere to
cleave, E. fissure.] 1. To arrive
at the end of; to bring to an end; to put an end to; to make an
end of; to terminate.
And heroically hath finished
A life heroic.
Milton.
2. To bestow the last required labor upon; to
complete; to bestow the utmost possible labor upon; to perfect;
to accomplish; to polish.
Syn. -- To end; terminate; close; conclude; complete;
accomplish; perfect.
Fin"ish, v. i. 1. To come to an
end; to terminate.
His days may finish ere that hapless time.
Shak.
2. To end; to die. [R.]
Shak.
Fin"ish, n. 1. That which
finishes, puts an end to/ or perfects.
2. (Arch.) The joiner work and other
finer work required for the completion of a building, especially
of the interior. See Inside finish, and
Outside finish.
3. (Fine Arts) (a) The labor
required to give final completion to any work; hence, minute
detail, careful elaboration, or the like. (b)
See Finishing coat, under
Finishing.
4. The result of completed labor, as on the surface
of an object; manner or style of finishing; as, a rough,
dead, or glossy finish given to cloth, stone, metal,
etc.
5. Completion; -- opposed to start, or
beginning.
Fin"ished (?), a. Polished to
the highest degree of excellence; complete; perfect; as, a
finished poem; a finished education.
Finished work (Mach.), work that is
made smooth or polished, though not necessarily
completed.
Fin"ish*er (?), n. 1.
One who finishes, puts an end to, completes, or perfects;
esp. used in the trades, as in hatting, weaving, etc., for the
workman who gives a finishing touch to the work, or any part of
it, and brings it to perfection.
O prophet of glad tidings, finisher
Of utmost hope!
Milton.
2. Something that gives the finishing touch to, or
settles, anything. [Colloq.]
Fin"ish*ing, n. The act or process of
completing or perfecting; the final work upon or ornamentation of
a thing.
Fin"ish*ing, a. Tending to complete or
to render fit for the market or for use.
Finishing coat. (a)
(Plastering) the final coat of plastering applied
to walls and ceilings, usually white and rubbed smooth.
(b) (Painting) The final coat of paint,
usually differently mixed applied from the others. --
Finishing press, a machine for pressing
fabrics. -- Finishing rolls (Iron
Working), the rolls of a train which receive the bar
from roughing rolls, and reduce it to its finished
shape.
Raymond.
Fi"nite (?), a. [L.
finitus, p.p. of finire. See
Finish, and cf. Fine, a.]
Having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity;
bounded; -- opposed to infinite; as,
finite number; finite existence; a
finite being; a finite mind; finite
duration.
Fi"nite*less, a Infinite.
[Obs.]
Sir T. browne.
Fi"nite*ly, adv. In a finite manner or
degree.
Fi"nite*ness, n. The state of being
finite.
Fin"i*tude (?), n. [L.
finire. See Finish.]
Limitation.
Cheyne.
Fin"land*er (?), n. A native or
inhabitant of Finland.
Fin"less, a. (Zo\'94l.)
destitute of fins.
Fin"let (?), n. [Fin
+ -let.] A little fin; one of the parts of
a divided fin.
Fin"like` (?), a. Resembling a
fin.
Finn (?), a. A native of
Finland; one of the Finn/ in the ethnological sense. See
Finns.
Fin"nan had"die (?). [See
Haddock.] Haddock cured in peat smoke,
originally at Findon (pron. f\'ccn"an), Scotland. the
name is also applied to other kinds of smoked haddock.
[Written also finnan haddock.]
Finned (?), a. Having a fin, or
fins, or anything resembling a fin.
Mortimer.
Fin"ner (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A finback whale.
Finn"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Finns.
Fin"ni*kin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A variety of pigeon, with a crest
somewhat resembling the mane of a horse. [Written
also finikin.]
Finn"ish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their language.
-- n. A Northern Turanian group of
languages; the language of the Finns.
Finns (?), n. pl.; sing.
Finn. (Ethnol.) (a)
Natives of Finland; Finlanders. (b) A
branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and Eastern
Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and
Finlanders. [Written also Fins.]
Fin"ny (?), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Having, or abounding in, fins, as
fishes; pertaining to fishes.
2. Abounding in fishes.
With patient angle trolls the finny deep.
Goldsmoth.
\'d8Fi*no"chi*o (?; 277), n.
[It. finocchio fennel, LL. fenuclum.
See Fennel.] (Bot.) An
umbelliferous plant (F\'d2niculum dulce) having a
somewhat tuberous stem; sweet fennel. The blanched stems are used
in France and Italy as a culinary vegetable.
<-- p. 562 -->
\'d8Fi"nos (?), n. pl. [Sp.,
pl., fr. fino fine.] Second best wool from
Merino sheep.
Gardner.
Fin"pike` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The bichir. See
Crossopterygii.
Fint (?), 3d pers. sing. pr. of
Find, for findeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fin"-toed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having toes connected by a membrane;
palmiped; palmated; also, lobate.
\'d8Fiord (fy/rd; i or y
consonant, , n. [Dan. & Norw.
fiord. See Frith.] A narrow inlet
of the sea, penetrating between high banks or rocks, as on the
coasts of Norway and Alaska. [Written also
fjord.]
Fi"o*rin (?), n. [Cf. Ir.
fiothran a sort of grass.] (Bot.)
A species of creeping bent grass (Agrostis alba);
-- called also fiorin grass.
Fi"o*rite (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of volcanic tufa,
in smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses, having a
pearly luster; -- so called from Fiora, in
Ischia.
\'d8Fio`ri*tu"re (?), n. pl.
[It., pl. of fioritura a flowering.]
(Mus.) Little flowers of ornament introduced into
a melody by a singer or player.
<-- no pos in original. = n. -->
Fip"pen*ny bit` (? . [Corruption of
five penny bit.] The Spanish half real, or
one sixteenth of a dollar, -- so called in Pennsylvania and the
adjacent States. [Obs.]
fourpence
ha'penny or fourpence; in New York a
sixpence; in Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a
fip; and in Louisiana, a picayune.
Fip"ple (f, n. [perh.
fr. L. fibula a clasp, a pin; cf. Prov. E.
fible a stick used to stir pottage.] A
stopper, as in a wind instrument of music.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Fir (?), n. [Dan.
fyr, fyrr; akin to Sw. furu,
Icel. fura, AS. furh in furhwudu
fir wood, G. f\'94hre, OHG. forha pine,
vereheih a sort of oak, L. quercus
/ak.] (Bot.) A genus (Abies)
of coniferous trees, often of large size and elegant shape, some
of them valued for their timber and others for their resin. The
species are distinguished as the balsam fir, the
silver fir, the red fir, etc. The
Scoth fir is a Pinus.
Fir in the Bible means any one of several
coniferous trees, including, cedar, cypress, and probably three
species of pine.
J. D. Hooker.
Fire (?), n. [OE.
fir, fyr, fur AS.
f/r; akin to D. vuur, OS. &
OHG. fiur, G. feuer, Icel.
f/ri, f/rr, Gr. /, and perh. to L.
purus pure, E. pure Cf. Empyrean,
Pyre.] 1. The evolution of light and
heat in the combustion of bodies; combustion; state of
ignition.
fire exhibited in the
combustion of gases in an ascending stream or current is called
flame. Anciently, fire, air, earth, and
water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are
composed.
2. Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth,
or in / stove or a furnace.
3. The burning of a house or town; a
conflagration.
4. Anything which destroys or affects like
fire.
5. Ardor of passion, whether love or hate;
excessive warmth; consumingviolence of temper.
he had fire in his temper.Atterbury.
6. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual
and moral enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.
And bless their critic with a poet's
fire.Pope.
7. Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a
star.
Stars, hide your fires.Shak.
As in a zodiac
representing the heavenly
fires.Milton.
8. Torture by burning; severe trial or
affliction.
9. The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the
troops were exposed to a heavy fire.
Blue fire, Red fire, Green
fire (Pyrotech.), compositions of
various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack,
etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic salts,
as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc. -- Fire
alarm (a) A signal given on the breaking out
of a fire. (b) An apparatus for giving such an
alarm. -- Fire annihilator, a machine,
device, or preparation to be kept at hand for extinguishing fire
by smothering it with some incombustible vapor or gas, as
carbonic acid. -- Fire balloon. (a)
A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air heated by
a fire placed in the lower part<-- = hot-air balloon -->.
(b) A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which
ignite at a regulated height. Simmonds. --
Fire bar, a grate bar. -- Fire
basket, a portable grate; a cresset.
Knight. -- Fire beetle. (Zo\'94l.)
See in the Vocabulary. -- Fire blast, a
disease of plants which causes them to appear as if burnt by
fire. -- Fire box, the chamber of a furnace,
steam boiler, etc., for the fire. -- Fire brick,
a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense heat
without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous
material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire
boxes, etc. -- Fire brigade, an organized
body of men for extinguished fires. -- Fire
bucket. See under Bucket. -- Fire
bug, an incendiary; one who, from malice or through
mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac.
[U.S.] -- Fire clay. See under
Clay. -- Fire company, a company of
men managing an engine in extinguishing fires. -- Fire
cross. See Fiery cross.
[Obs.] Milton. -- Fire
damp. See under Damp. -- Fire
dog. See Firedog, in the Vocabulary. --
Fire drill. (a) A series of evolutions
performed by fireman for practice. (b) An
apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a
wooden pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos during all
historic time, and by many savage peoples. -- Fire
eater. (a) A juggler who pretends to eat
fire. (b) A quarrelsome person who seeks
affrays; a hotspur. [Colloq.] -- Fire
engine, a portable forcing pump, usually on
wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire. -- Fire
escape, a contrivance for facilitating escape from
burning buildings. -- Fire gilding (Fine
Arts), a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and
quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by
heat. -- Fire gilt (Fine Arts),
gold laid on by the process of fire gilding. --
Fire insurance, the act or system of insuring
against fire; also, a contract by which an insurance company
undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium or small
percentage -- usually made periodically -- to indemnify an owner
of property from loss by fire during a specified period. --
Fire irons, utensils for a fireplace or grate, as
tongs, poker, and shovel. -- Fire main, a
pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire. -- Fire
master (Mil), an artillery officer who
formerly supervised the composition of fireworks. --
Fire office, an office at which to effect
insurance against fire. -- Fire opal, a
variety of opal giving firelike reflections. -- Fire
ordeal, an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was
the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot
irons. Abbot. -- Fire pan, a pan for
holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the
priming of a gun. -- Fire plug, a plug or
hydrant for drawing water from the main pipes in a street,
building, etc., for extinguishing fires. -- Fire
policy, the writing or instrument expressing the
contract of insurance against loss by fire. -- Fire
pot. (a) (Mil.) A small earthen pot
filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war.
(b) The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or
fire in a furnace. (c) A crucible.
(d) A solderer's furnace. -- Fire
raft, a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting
fire to an enemy's ships. -- Fire roll, a
peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their quarters in case
of fire. -- Fire setting (Mining),
the process of softening or cracking the working face of a
lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to the action of
fire; -- now generally superseded by the use of explosives.
Raymond. -- Fire ship, a vessel filled
with combustibles, for setting fire to an enemy's ships. --
Fire shovel, a shovel for taking up coals of
fire. -- Fire stink, the stench from
decomposing iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphureted
hydrogen. Raymond. -- Fire surface,
the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to the
direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating
surface. -- Fire swab, a swab saturated with
water, for cooling a gun in action and clearing away particles of
powder, etc. Farrow. -- Fire teaser,
in England, the fireman of a steam emgine. -- Fire
water, ardent spirits; -- so called by the American
Indians. -- Fire worship, the worship of
fire, which prevails chiefly in Persia, among the followers of
Zoroaster, called Chebers, or Guebers, and
among the Parsees of India. -- Greek fire.
See under Greek. -- On fire,
burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous. --
Running fire, the rapid discharge of firearms in
succession by a line of troops. -- St. Anthony's
fire, erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which St.
Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously. Hoblyn.
-- St. Elmo's fire. See under Saint
Elmo. -- To set on fire, to inflame; to
kindle. -- To take fire, to begin to burn; to
fly into a passion.
Fire (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fired (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fring.]
1. To set on fire; to kindle; as, to
fire a house or chimney; to fire a
pile.
2. To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in
a kiln; as, to fire pottery.
3. To inflame; to irritate, as the passions;
as, to fire the soul with anger, pride, or
revenge.
Love had fired my mind.
Dryden.
4. To animate; to give life or spirit to; as,
to fire the genius of a young man.
5. To feed or serve the fire of; as, to
fire a boiler.
6. To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.
[The sun] fires the proud tops of the eastern
pines.
Shak.
7. To cause to explode; as, to fire a
torpedo; to disharge; as, to fire a musket or
cannon; to fire cannon balls, rockets,
etc.
8. To drive by fire. [Obs.]
Till my bad angel fire my good one out.
Shak.
9. (Far.) To cauterize.
To fire up, to light up the fires of, as of an
engine.<-- figuratively, to start up any machine -->
Fire, v. i. 1. To take fire; to
be kindled; to kindle.
2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion.
3. To discharge artillery or firearms; as, they
fired on the town.
To fire up, to grow irritated or angry. \'bdHe
. . . fired up, and stood vigorously on his
defense.\'b8
Macaulay.
Fire"arm` (?), n. A gun,
pistol, or any weapon from a shot is discharged by the force of
an explosive substance, as gunpowder.
Fire"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of pheasants of
the genus Euplocamus, having the lower back a bright,
fiery red. They inhabit Southern Asia and the East Indies.
Fire"ball` (?), n. (a)
(Mil.) A ball filled with powder or other
combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure
by explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up,
so that movements may be seen. (b) A luminous
meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly through the
air, and sometimes exploding.<-- large mass of fire caused
by a large explosion, as of inflammable liquids or a nuclear
explosion -->
Fire"bare` (?), n. A
beacon. [Obs.]
Burrill.
Fire" bee`tle (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
very brilliantly luminous beetle (Pyrophorus
noctilucus), one of the elaters, found in Central and South
America; -- called also cucujo. The name is
also applied to other species. See Firefly.
Fire"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Baltimore oriole.
Fire"board` (?), n. A chimney
board or screen to close a fireplace when not in use.
Fire"bote` (?), n.
(O.Eng.Law) An allowance of fuel. See
Bote.
Fire"brand` (?), n. 1.
A piece of burning wood.
L'Estrange.
2. One who inflames factions, or causes contention
and mischief; an incendiary.
Bacon.
Fire"crack`er (?), n. See
Cracker., n., 3.
Fire"crest` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European kinglet (Regulus
ignicapillus), having a bright red crest; -- called also
fire-crested wren.
Fire"dog` (?), n. A support for
wood in a fireplace; an andiron.
Fire"drake` (?), n. [AS.
f/rdraca; f/r fire + draca a
dragon. See Fire, and Drake a dragon.]
[Obs.] 1. A fiery dragon.
Beau. & Fl.
2. A fiery meteor; an ignis fatuus; a rocket.
3. A worker at a furnace or fire.
B. Jonson.
Fire"-fanged` (?), a.
[Fire + fanged seized.]
Injured as by fire; burned; -- said of manure which has lost
its goodness and acquired an ashy hue in consequence of heat
generated by decomposition.
Fire"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A singular marine fish of the genus
Pterois, family Scorp\'91nid\'91, of
several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They are
usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and dorsal
fins.
Fire"flaire` (?), n.
[Fire + Prov. E. flaire a ray.]
(Zo\'94l.) A European sting ray of the genus
Trygon (T. pastinaca); -- called also
fireflare and fiery
flaw.
Fire"flame` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European band fish (Cepola
rubescens).
Fire"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Fireflies (/). (Zo\'94l.)
Any luminous winged insect, esp. luminous beetles of the
family Lampyrid\'91.
Photinus and Photuris, in which both sexes
are winged. The name is also applied to luminous species of
Elaterid\'91. See Fire beetle.
Fire"less, a. Destitute of fire.
Fire"lock`, n. An old form of gunlock,
as the flintlock, which ignites the priming by a spark; perhaps
originally, a matchlock. Hence, a gun having such a lock.
Fire"man (?), n.; pl.
Firemen (-men). 1.
A man whose business is to extinguish fires in towns; a
member of a fire company.
2. A man who tends the fires, as of a steam engine;
a stocker.
Fire"-new` (?), a. Fresh from
the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new.
Charles reade.
Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current.
Shak.
Fire"place` (?), n. The part a
chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth; -- usually an open
recess in a wall, in which a fire may be built.
Fire"proof` (?), a. Proof
against fire; incombustible.
Fire"prrof`ing (?), n. The act
or process of rendering anything incombustible; also, the
materials used in the process.
Fir"er (?), n. One who fires or
sets fire to anything; an incendiary. [R.]
R. Carew.
Fire"-set` (?), n. A set of
fire irons, including, commonly, tongs, shovel, and poker.
Fire"side` (?), n. A place near
the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.
Fire"stone` (?; 110), n. [AS.
f/rst\'ben flint; f/r fire +
st\'ben stone.] 1. Iron pyrites,
formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.
2. A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace
without injury; -- especially applied to the sandstone at the top
of the upper greensand in the south of England, used for lining
kilns and furnaces.
Ure.
Fire"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European redstart; -- called also
fireflirt. [prov. Eng.]
Fire"ward`en (?), n. An officer
who has authority to direct in the extinguishing of fires, or to
order what precautions shall be taken against fires; -- called
also fireward.
Fire"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) An American plant (Erechthites
hiercifolia), very troublesome in spots where brushwood has
been burned. (b) The great willow-herb
(Epilobium spicatum).
Fire"wood` (?), n. Wood for
fuel.
Fire"work` (?), n. 1.
A device for producing a striking display of light, or a
figure or figures in plain or colored fire, by the combustion of
materials that burn in some peculiar manner, as gunpowder,
sulphur, metallic filings, and various salts. The most common
feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube filled with
the combustible material. A number of these tubes or cases are
often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of
figures in fire, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a
common form of firework. The name is also given to
various combustible preparations used in war.
2. pl. A pyrotechnic exhibition.
[Obs. in the sing.]
Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a
firework.
Walpole.
Fire"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of a small tortricid moth
which eats the leaves of the cranberry, so that the vines look as
if burned; -- called also cranberry
worm.
Fir"ing, n. 1. The act of
disharging firearms.
2. The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace
and working it.
Knight.
3. The application of fire, or of a cautery.
Dunglison.
4. The process of partly vitrifying pottery by
exposing it to intense heat in a kiln.
5. Fuel; firewood or coal.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Firing iron, an instrument used in
cauterizing.
<-- p. 563 -->
Firk (?), v. t. [Cf. OE.
ferken to proceed, hasten, AS. fercian to
bring, assist; perh. akin to faran to go, E.
fare.] To beat; to strike; to
chastise. [Obs.]
I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him.
Shak.
Firk, v. i. To fly out; to turn out; to
go off. [Obs.]
A wench is a rare bait, with which a man
No sooner's taken but he straight firks
mad.B.Jonson.
Firk, n. A freak; trick; quirk.
[Obs.]
Ford.
Fir"kin (?), n. [From AS.
fe\'a2wer four (or an allied word, perh. Dutch or
Danish) + -kin. See Four.] 1.
A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part
of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial
gallons. [Eng.]
2. A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate
size, -- used for butter, lard, etc. [U.S.]
Fir"lot (?), n. [Scot., the
fourth part of a boll of grain, from a word equiv. to E.
four + lot part, portion. See Firkin.]
A dry measure formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of
a boll of grain or meal. The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the
imperial bushel as 998 to 1000; the barley firlot as 1456 to
1000.
Brande & C.
Firm (?), a.
[Compar. Firmer (?);
superl. Firmest.] [OE.
ferme, F. ferme, fr.L. firmus;
cf. Skr. dharman support, law, order, dh/
to hold fast, carry. Cf. Farm, Throne.]
1. Fixed; hence, closely compressed; compact;
substantial; hard; solid; -- applied to the matter of bodies;
as, firm flesh; firm muscles, firm
wood.
2. Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in
purpose; fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily
changed in feelings or will; strong; as, a firm
believer; a firm friend; a firm
adherent.
Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow
But firm battalion.
Milton.
By one man's firm obediency fully tried.
Milton.
3. Solid; -- opposed to fluid; as,
firm land.
4. Indicating firmness; as, a firm
tread; a firm countenance.
Syn. -- Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong;
sturdly; fixed; steady; resolute; constant.
Firm, n. [It. firma the
(firm, sure, or confirming) signature or subscription, or Pg.
firma signature, firm, cf. Sp. firma
signature; all fr. L. firmus, adj., firm. See
Firm, a] The name, title, or
style, under which a company transacts business; a partnership of
two or more persons; a commercial house; as, the
firm of Hope & Co.
Firm, v. t. [OE. fermen to
make firm, F. fermer, fr. L. firmare to
make firm. See Firm, a.] 1.
To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish.
[Obs.]
And Jove has firmed it with an awful nod.
Dryden.
2. To fix or direct with firmness.
[Obs.]
He on his card and compass firms his eye.
Spenser.
Fir"ma*ment (?), n. [L.
firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf.
F. firmament. See Firm, v. &
a.] 1. Fixed foundation;
established basis. [Obs.]
Custom is the . . . firmament of the law.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The region of the air; the sky or heavens.
And God said, Let there be a firmament in the
mi/st of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the
waters.
Gen. i. 6.
And God said, Let there be lights in the
firmament.
Gen. i. 14.
appear to be placed, and are really
seen.
3. (Old Astron.) The orb of the fixed
stars; the most rmote of the celestial spheres.
Fir`ma*men"tal (?), a.
Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper
regions.
Dryden.
Fir"man (? , n.; pl.
Firmans (#) or (#).
[Pers. ferm\'ben.] In Turkey and some
other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the
sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally given for special
objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and
assistance. [Written also
firmaun.]
Firm"er-chis"el (?), n. A
chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It has a tang to enter
the handle instead of a socket for receiving it.
Knight.
Firm"i*tude (?), n. [L.
firmitudo. See Firm.] Strength;
stability. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Firm"i*ty (?), n. [L.
firmitas.] Strength; firmness;
stability. [Obs.]
Chillingworth.
Firm"less, a. 1. Detached from
substance. [Obs.]
Does passion still the firmless mind control?
Pope.
2. Infirm; unstable. \'bdFirmless
sands.\'b8
Sylvester.
Firm"ly, adv. In a firm manner.
Firm"ness, n. The state or quality of
being firm.
Syn. -- Firmness, Constancy.
Firmness belongs to the will, and constancy
to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from
yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without
firmness a man has no character; \'bdwithout
constancy,\'b8 says Addison, \'bdthere is neither
love, friendship, nor virtue in the world.\'b8
Firms (?), n. pl. [From
Firm, a.] (Arch.) The
principal rafters of a roof, especially a pair of rafters taken
together. [Obs.]
Fir"ring (?), n. (Arch.)
See Furring.
Fir"ry (?), a. Made of fir;
abounding in firs.
In firry woodlands making moan.
Tennyson.
First (?), a. [OE.
first, furst, AS. fyrst; akin to
Icel. fyrstr, Sw. & Dan. f\'94rste, OHG.
furist, G. f\'81rst prince; a superlatiye
form of E. for, fore. See For,
Fore, and cf. Formeer,
Foremost.] 1. Preceding all others
of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; as, the
first day of a month; the first year of a
reign.
2. Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all
others.
3. Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief;
highest; as, Demosthenes was the first orator of
Greece.
At first blush. See under Blush.
-- At first hand, from the first or original
source; without the intervention of any agent.
It is the intention of the person to reveal it at first
hand, by way of mouth, to yourself.
Dickens.
-- First coat (Plastering), the solid
foundation of coarse stuff, on which the rest is placed; it is
thick, and crossed with lines, so as to give a bond for the next
coat. -- First day, Sunday; -- so called by
the Friends. -- First floor. (a) The
ground floor. [U.S.] (b) The floor
next above the ground floor. [Eng.] --
First fruit .
(a) The fruits of the season earliest gathered.
(b) (Feudal Law) One year's profits of
lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who held
directly from him. (c) (Eng. Eccl. Law)
The first year's whole profits of a benefice or spiritual
living. (d) The earliest effects or
results.
See, Father, what first fruits on earth are sprung
From thy implanted grace in man!
Milton.
-- First mate, an officer in a merchant vessel
next in rank to the captain. -- First name,
same as Christian name. See under Name,
n. -- First officer
(Naut.), in the merchant service, same as
First mate (above). -- First sergeant
(Mil.), the ranking non-commissioned officer in a
company; the orderly sergeant. Farrow. --
First watch (Naut.), the watch from
eight to twelve at midnight; also, the men on duty during that
time. -- First water, the highest quality or
purest luster; -- said of gems, especially of diamond and
pearls.
Syn. -- Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine;
highest; chief; principal; foremost.
First (?), adv. Before any
other person or thing in time, space, rank, etc.; -- much used in
composition with adjectives and participles.
Adam was first formed, then Eve.
1 Tim. ii. 13.
At first, At the first,
at the beginning or origin. -- First or last,
at one time or another; at the beginning or end.
And all are fools and lovers first or last.
Dryden.
First, n. (Mus.) The upper
part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or instrumental; -- so
called because it generally expresses the air, and has a
pre\'89minence in the combined effect.
First"born` (?), a. First
brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest; hence,
most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.
First"-class` (?), a. Of the
best class; of the highest rank; in the first division; of the
best quality; first-rate; as, a first-class
telescope.
First-class car First-class
railway carriage, any passenger car of the
highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the
highest regular rate; -- distinguished from a second-class
car.
First"-hand` (?), a. Obtained
directly from the first or original source; hence, without the
intervention of an agent.
One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is
first-hand and direct; and that is the sphere of our
own mind.
J. Martineau.
First"ling (?), n.
[First + -ling.] 1.
The first produce or offspring; -- said of animals,
especially domestic animals; as, the firstlings of
his flock.
Milton.
2. The thing first thought or done.
The very firstlings of my heart shall be
The firstlings of my hand.
Shak.
First"ling, a. Firstborn.
All the firstling males.
Deut. xv. 19.
First"ly, adv. In the first place;
before anything else; -- sometimes improperly used for
first.
First"-rate` (?), a. Of the
highest excellence; pre\'89minent in quality, size, or
estimation.
Our only first-rate body of contemporary poetry is
the German.
M. Arnold.
Hermocrates . . . a man of first-rate ability.
Jowett (Thucyd).
First"-rate`, n. (Naut.) A
war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.
Firth (?), n. [Scot. See
Frith.] (geog.) An arm of the sea;
a frith.
Fir" tree` (?). See Fir.
Fisc (?), n. [F.
fisc, fr. L. fiscus basket, money basket,
treasury; prob. akin to fascis bundle. See
Fasces.] A public or state treasury.
Burke.
Fis"cal (?), a. [F.
fiscal, L. fiscalis, fr. fiscus.
See Fisc.] Pertaining to the public treasury
or revenue.
The fiscal arreangements of government.
A\'3eHamilton.
Fis"cal, n. 1. The income of a
prince or a state; revenue; exhequer. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. A treasurer.
H. Swinburne.
3. A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in
petty criminal cases; -- called also procurator
fiscal.
4. The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the
attorney-general.
Fi*set"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.
Fis"e*tin (?), n. [G.
fisettholz a species of fustic.]
(Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance extracted
from fustet, and regarded as its essential coloring principle; --
called also fisetic acid.
Fish (?), n. [F.
fiche peg, mark, fr. fisher to fix.]
A counter, used in various games.
Fish, n.; pl. Fishes
(#), or collectively, Fish.
[OE. fisch, fisc, fis, AS.
fisc; akin to D. visch, OS. & OHG.
fisk, G. fisch, Icel. fiskr, Sw.
& Dan. fisk, Goth. fisks, L.
piscis, Ir. iasg. Cf. Piscatorial.
In some cases, such as fish joint, fish
plate, this word has prob. been confused with fish,
fr. F. fichea peg.] 1. A name
loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse
characteristics, living in the water.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An oviparous, vertebrate
animal usually having fins and a covering scales or plates. It
breathes by means of gills, and lives almost entirely in the
water. See Pisces.
3. pl. The twelfth sign of the zodiac;
Pisces.
4. The flesh of fish, used as food.
5. (Naut.) (a) A purchase used
to fish the anchor. (b) A piece of timber,
somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or
yard.
Fish is used adjectively or as part of a
compound word; as, fish line, fish pole,
fish spear, fish-bellied.
Age of Fishes. See under Age,
n., 8. -- Fish ball, fish (usually
salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made
into the form of a small, round cake. [U.S.] --
Fish bar. Same as Fish plate
(below). -- Fish beam (Mech.), a
beam one of whose sides (commonly the under one) swells out like
the belly of a fish. Francis. -- Fish
crow (Zo\'94l.), a species of crow
(Corvus ossifragus), found on the Atlantic coast of
the United States. It feeds largely on fish. -- Fish
culture, the artifical breeding and rearing of fish;
pisciculture. -- Fish davit. See
Davit. -- Fish day, a day on which
fish is eaten; a fast day. -- Fish duck
(Zo\'94l.), any species of merganser. --
Fish fall, the tackle depending from the fish
davit, used in hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a
ship. -- Fish garth, a dam or weir in a river
for keeping fish or taking them easily. -- Fish
glue. See Isinglass. -- Fish
joint, a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates
fastened upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction;
-- used largely in connecting the rails of railroads. --
Fish kettle, a long kettle for boiling fish
whole. -- Fish ladder, a dam with a series of
steps which fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a
river. -- Fish line, Fishing
line, a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc.,
used in angling. -- Fish louse
(Zo\'94l.), any crustacean parasitic on fishes,
esp. the parasitic Copepoda, belonging to Caligus,
Argulus, and other related genera. See
Branchiura. -- Fish maw
(Zo\'94l.), the stomach of a fish; also, the air
bladder, or sound. -- Fish meal, fish
desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups, etc. --
Fish oil, oil obtained from the bodies of fish and
marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers,
etc. -- Fish owl (Zo\'94l.), a
fish-eating owl of the Old World genera Scotopelia and
Ketupa, esp. a large East Indian species (K.
Ceylonensis). -- Fish plate, one of the
plates of a fish joint. -- Fish pot, a wicker
basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs,
lobsters, etc. -- Fish pound, a net attached
to stakes, for entrapping and catching fish; a weir.
[Local, U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish
slice, a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish
trowel. -- Fish slide, an inclined box set in
a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch fish descending the
current. Knight. -- Fish sound, the
air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used
as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of
isinglass. -- Fish story, a story which taxes
credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration. [Colloq.
U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish
strainer. (a) A metal colander, with handles,
for taking fish from a boiler. (b) A perforated
earthenware slab at the bottom of a dish, to drain the water from
a boiled fish. -- Fish trowel, a fish
slice. -- Fish weir , a weir set in a stream, for catching
fish. -- Neither fish nor flesh
(Fig.), neither one thing nor the
other.
Fish (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fished (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fishing.]
1. To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in
taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing a net.
2. To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to
seek to draw forth; as, to fish for
compliments.
Any other fishing question.
Sir W. Scott.
Fish, v. t. [OE. fischen,
fisken, fissen, AS. fiscian;
akin to G. fischen, OHG. fisc/n, Goth.
fisk/n. See Fish the animal.]
1. To catch; to draw out or up; as, to
fish up an anchor.
2. To search by raking or sweeping.
Swift.
3. To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in;
as, to fish a stream.
Thackeray.
4. To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end
to end (two timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank,
timber, or plate to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one
or both sides. See Fish joint, under Fish,
n.
To fish the anchor. (Naut.) See
under Anchor.
Fish"-bel`lied (?), a. Bellying
or swelling out on the under side; as, a
fish-bellied rail.
Knight.
Fish"-block` (?), n. See
Fish-tackle.
Fish"er (?), n. [AS.
fiscere.] 1. One who fishes.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal of
the Weasel family (Mustela Canadensis); the pekan; the
\'bdblack cat.\'b8
Fish"er*man (?), n.; pl.
Fishermen (/). 1. One
whose occupation is to catch fish.
2. (Naut.) A ship or vessel employed in
the business of taking fish, as in the cod fishery.
Fish"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Fisheries (/). 1. The
business or practice of catching fish; fishing.
Addison.
2. A place for catching fish.
3. (Law) The right to take fish at a
certain place, or in particular waters.
Abbott.
Fish"ful (?), a. Abounding with
fish. [R.] \'bdMy fishful pond.\'b8
R. Carew.
Fish"gig` (?), n. A spear with
barbed prongs used for harpooning fish.
Knight.
Fish"hawk` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The osprey (Pandion
halia\'89tus), found both in Europe and America; -- so
called because it plunges into the water and seizes fishes in its
talons. Called also fishing eagle, and
bald buzzard.
Fish"hook` (?), n. 1.
A hook for catching fish.
2. (Naut.) A hook with a pendant, to the
end of which the fish-tackle is hooked.
Dana.
Fish"i*fy (?), v. t. To change
to fish. [R.]
Shak.
Fish"i*ness, n. The state or quality of
being fishy or fishlike.
Pennant.
Fish"ing, n. 1. The act,
practice, or art of one who fishes.
2. A fishery.
Spenser.
Fish"ing, a. [From Fishing,
n.] Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery;
engaged in fishing; as, fishing boat;
fishing tackle; fishing village.
Fishing fly, an artificial fly for
fishing. -- Fishing line, a line used in
catching fish. -- Fishing net, a net of
various kinds for catching fish; including the bag net, casting
net, drag net, landing net, seine, shrimping net, trawl,
etc. -- Fishing rod, a long slender rod, to
which is attached the line for angling. -- Fishing
smack, a sloop or other small vessel used in sea
fishing. -- Fishing tackle, apparatus used in
fishing, as hook, line, rod, etc. -- Fishing tube
(Micros.), a glass tube for selecting a
microscopic object in a fluid.<-- fishing expedition
(metaphorical usage). an investigation searching for evidence of
wrongdoing, without specifying in advance the wrongdoing to be
proven, and often with no evidence of such wrongdoing available
at the outset of the investigation -->
<-- p. 564 -->
Fish"like (?), a. Like fish;
suggestive of fish; having some of the qualities of fish.
A very ancient and fishlike smell.
Shak.
Fish"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer
in fish.
Fish"skin` (?), n. 1.
The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)
2. (Med.) See Ichthyosis.
Fish"-tac`kle (?), n. A tackle
or purchase used to raise the flukes of the anchor up to the
gunwale. The block used is called the
fish-block.
Fish"-tail` (?), a. Like the of
a fish; acting, or producing something, like the tail of a
fish.
Fish-tail burner, a gas burner that gives a
spreading flame shaped somewhat like the tail of a fish. --
Fish-tail propeller (Steamship), a
propeller with a single blade that oscillates like the tail of a
fish when swimming.
Fish"wife` (?), n. A
fishwoman.
Fish"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Fishwomen (/). A woman who
retails fish.
Fish"y (?), a. 1.
Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste
of fish; abounding in fish.
Pope.
2. Extravagant, like some stories about catching
fish; improbable; also, rank or foul.
[Colloq.]
<--3. creating suspicion that the surface appearances are
misleading -->
Fisk (?), v. i. [Cf. Sw.
fjeska to bustle about.] To run about; to
frisk; to whisk. [Obs.]
He fisks abroad, and stirreth up erroneous
opinions.
Latimer.
Fis`si*gem*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
fissus (p.p. of findere to split) + E.
gemmation.] (Biol.) A process of
reproduction intermediate between fission and gemmation.
Fis"sile (?), a. [L.
fissilis, fr. fissus, p.p. of
findere to split. See Fissure.]
Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction
of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage,
like crystals.
This crystal is a pellucid, fissile stone.
Sir I. Newton.
Fis`si*lin"gual (?), a. [L.
fissus (p.p. of findere to split) + E.
lingual.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the
tongue forked.
\'d8Fis`si*lin"gui*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. fissus (p.p. o f findere
to split) + lingua tongue.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Lacertilia having the
tongue forked, including the common lizards.
[Written also Fissilingues.]
Fis*sil"i*ty (?), n. Quality of
being fissile.
Fis"sion (?), n. [L.
fissio. See Fissure.] 1.
A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts.
2. (Biol.) A method of asexual
reproduction among the lowest (unicellular) organisms by means of
a process of self-division, consisting of gradual division or
cleavage of the into two parts, each of which then becomes a
separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in an animal
or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division, and the
parts again subdivide. See Segmentation, and Cell
division, under Division.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A process by which certain
coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids, etc., spontaneously
subdivide, each individual thus forming two or more new ones. See
Strobilation.
Fis`si*pal"mate (?), a. [L.
fissus (p.p. of findere to split) +
palma palm.] (Zo\'94l.)
Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See
Illust. under Aves.
\'d8Fis*sip"a*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Fissiparous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Animals which reproduce by fission.
Fis*sip"a*rism (?), n. [See
Fissiparous.] (Biol.) Reproduction
by spontaneous fission.
Fis`si*par"i*ty (?), n.
(Biol.) Quality of being fissiparous;
fissiparism.
Fis*sip"a*rous (?), a. [L.
fissus (p.p. of findere to split) +
parere to bring forth: cf. F.
fissipare.] (Biol.) Reproducing
by spontaneous fission. See Fission. --
Fis*sip"a*rous*ly,
adv.
Fis`si*pa"tion (?), n.
(Biol.) Reproduction by fission;
fissiparism.
{ Fis"si*ped (?), Fis*sip"e*dal
(?) }, a. [Cf. F.
fissip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the toes separated to the base. [See Aves.]
Fis"si*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Fissipedia.
\'d8Fis`si*pe"di*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. fissus (p.p. of findere
to cleave) + pes, pedis, a foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of the Carnivora, including
the dogs, cats, and bears, in which the feet are not webbed; --
opposed to Pinnipedia.
Fis`si*ros"tral (?), a. [Cf. F.
fissirostre.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the bill cleft beyond the horny part, as in the case of swallows
and goatsuckers.
\'d8Fis`si*ros"tres (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. fissus (p.p. of findere
to cleave) + rostrum beak.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of birds having the bill
deeply cleft.
Fis"sur*al (?), a. Pertaining
to a fissure or fissures; as, the fissural pattern
of a brain.
Fis`su*ra"tion (?), n.
(Anat.) The act of dividing or opening; the state
of being fissured.
Fis"sure (?), n. [L.
fissura, fr. findere, fissum, to
cleave, split; akin to E. bite: cf. F.
fissure.] A narrow opening, made by the
parting of any substance; a cleft; as, the fissure
of a rock.
Cerebral fissures (Anat.), the
furrows or clefts by which the surface of the cerebrum is
divided; esp., the furrows first formed by the infolding of the
whole wall of the cerebrum. -- Fissure needle
(Surg.), a spiral needle for catching together the
gaping lips of wounds. Knight. -- Fissure of
rolando (Anat.), the furrow separating the
frontal from the parietal lobe in the cerebrum. --
Fissure of Sylvius (Anat.), a deep
cerebral fissure separating the frontal from the temporal lobe.
See Illust. under Brain. -- Fissure
vein (Mining), a crack in the earth's
surface filled with mineral matter. Raymond.
Fis"sure (?), v. t. To cleave;
to divide; to crack or fracture.
\'d8Fis`su*rel"la (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of L. fissura a fissure.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropod mollusks,
having a conical or limpetlike shell, with an opening at the
apex; -- called also keyhole limpet.
Fist (?), n. [OE.
fist, fust, AS. f/st; akin to
D. vuist, OHG. f/st, G. faust,
and prob. to L. pugnus, Gr. / fist, / with the
fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Pigmy.] 1.
The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; the closed
hand, especially as clinched tightly for the purpose of striking
a blow.
Who grasp the earth and heaven with my fist.
Herbert.
2. The talons of a bird of prey.
[Obs.]
More light than culver in the falcon's fist.
Spenser.
3. (print.) the index mark [
Hand over fist (Naut.), rapidly;
hand over hand.
Fist, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fisting.] 1. To strike with
the fist.
Dryden.
2. To gripe with the fist.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fist"ic (?), a. [From
Fist.] Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters
with the fists; puglistic; as, fistic exploits;
fistic heroes. [Colloq.]
Fist"i*cuff (?), n. A cuff or
blow with the fist or hand; (pl.) a
fight with the fists; boxing.
Swift.
Fis"ti*nut (?), n. [Cf. Fr.
fistinq, fistuq. See
Pistachio.] A pistachio nut.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
\'d8Fis*tu"ca (?), n.
[L.] An instrument used by the ancients in
driving piles.
\'d8Fis"tu*la (?; 135), n.; pl.
Fistul\'91 (#). [L.]
1. A reed; a pipe.
2. A pipe for convejing water.
[Obs.]
Knight.
3. (Med.) A permanent abnormal opening
into the soft parts with a constant discharge; a deep, narrow,
chronic abscess; an abnormal opening between an internal cavity
and another cavity or the surface; as, a salivary
fistula; an anal fistula; a recto-vaginal
fistula.
Incomplete fistula (Med.), a
fistula open at one end only.
Fis"tu*lar (?), a. [L.
fistularis: cf. F. fistulaire.]
Hollow and cylindrical, like a pipe or reed.
Johnson.
\'d8Fis`tu*la"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. fistula pipe.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, having the head
prolonged into a tube, with the mouth at the extremity.
Fis`tu*la"ri*oid (?), a.
[Fistularia + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus
Fistularia.
Fis"tu*late (?; 135), v. t. & i.
[Cf. L. fistulatus furnished with pipes.]
To make hollow or become hollow like a fistula, or
pipe. [Obs.] \'bdA fistulated
ulcer.\'b8
Fuller.
Fis"tule (?; 135), n. A
fistula.
Fis"tu*li*form (? , a.
[Fistula + -form.] Of a
fistular form; tubular; pipe-shaped.
Stalactite often occurs fistuliform.
W. Philips.
Fis"tu*lose` (?; 135), a. [L.
fistulosus.] Formed like a fistula; hollow;
reedlike.
Craig.
Fis"tu*lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
fistuleux.] 1. Having the form or
nature of a fistula; as, a fistulous
ulcer.
2. Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose.
Lindley.
Fit (?), imp. & p. p. of
Fight. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Fit, n. [AS. fitt a
song.] In Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or
portion of a ballad; a passus. [Written also
fitte, fytte, etc.]
To play some pleasant fit.
Spenser.
Fit, a. [Compar.
Fitter (?); superl. Fittest
(?).] [OE. fit,
fyt; cf. E. feat neat, elegant, well made,
or icel. fitja to web, knit, OD. vitten to
suit, square, Goth. f/tjan to adorn. / 77.]
1. Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable
by nature or by art; suited by character, qualitties,
circumstances, education, etc.; qualified; competent;
worthy.
That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified
in.
Shak.
Fit audience find, though few.
Milton.
2. Prepared; ready. [Obs.]
So fit to shoot, she singled forth among
her foes who first her quarry's strength should feel.
Fairfax.
3. Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or
taste; convenient; meet; becoming; proper.
Is it fit to say a king, Thou art wicked?
Job xxxiv. 18.
Syn. -- Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming;
expedient; congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted;
prepared; qualified; competent; adequate.
Fit (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Fitted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fitting (?).] 1.
To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended;
to qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or
preparation.
The time is fitted for the duty.
Burke.
The very situation for which he was peculiarly
fitted by nature.
Macaulay.
2. To bring to a required form and size; to shape
aright; to adapt to a model; to adjust; -- said especially of the
work of a carpenter, machinist, tailor, etc.
The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he
fitteth it with planes.
Is. xliv. 13.
3. To supply with something that is suitable or
fit, or that is shaped and adjusted to the use required.
No milliner can so fit his customers with
gloves.
Shak.
4. To be suitable to; to answer the requirements
of; to be correctly shaped and adjusted to; as, if the coat
fits you, put it on.
That's a bountiful answer that fits all
questions.
Shak.
That time best fits the work.
Shak.
To fit out, to supply with necessaries or
means; to furnish; to equip; as, to fit out a
privateer. -- To fit up, to firnish with
things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any
person; to prepare; as, to fit up a room for a
guest.
Fit (?), v. i. 1. To
be proper or becoming.
Nor fits it to prolong the feast.
Pope.
2. To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to
suit; to be adapted; as, his coat fits very
well.
Fit, n. 1. The quality of being
fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of dress to the person of the
wearer.
2. (Mach.) (a) The coincidence
of parts that come in contact. (b) The part
of an object upon which anything fits tightly.
Fit rod (Shipbuilding), a gauge rod
used to try the depth of a bolt hole in order to determine the
length of the bolt required. Knight.
Fit, n. [AS. fit strife,
fight; of uncertain origin. 1. A
stroke or blow. [Obs. or R.]
Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin,
That keeps thy body from the bitter fit.
Spenser.
2. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a
stroke of disease, as of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces
convulsions or unconsciousness; a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence,
a period of exacerbation of a disease; in general, an attack of
disease; as, a fit of sickness.
And when the fit was on him, I did mark
How he did shake.
Shak.
3. A mood of any kind which masters or possesses
one for a time; a temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm;
as, a fit melancholy, of passion, or of
laughter.
All fits of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree
of pain.
Swift.
The English, however, were on this subject prone to
fits of jealously.
Macaulay.
4. A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual
effort, activity, or motion, followed by relaxation or insction;
an impulse and irregular action.
The fits of the season.
Shak.
5. A darting point; a sudden emission.
[R.]
A tongue of light, a fit of flame.
Coleridge.
By fits, By fits and
starts, by intervals of action and re/pose;
impulsively and irregularly; intermittently.
Fitch (?; 224), n.; pl.
Fitches (#). [See
Vetch.] 1. (Bot.) A
vetch. [Obs.]
2. pl. (Bot.) A word found
in the Authorized Version of the Bible, representing different
Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it means the black
aromatic seeds of Nigella sativa, still used as a
flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now
reads spelt.
Fitch, n. [Contr. of fitched.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European polecat; also, its
fur.
Fitch"\'82 (?), a. [Cf. F.
fich\'82, lit. p.p. of ficher to fasten,
OF. fichier to pierce. Cf. 1st Fish.]
(Her.) Sharpened to a point; pointed.
Cross fitch\'82, a cross having the lower arm
pointed.
Fitched (?), a. (her.)
Fitch\'82. [Also fiched.]
{ Fitch"et (?), Fitch"ew
(?) }, n. [Cf. OF.
fisseau, fissel, OD. fisse,
visse, vitsche, D. vies nasty,
loathsome, E. fizz.] (Zo\'94l.)
The European polecat (Putorius f\'d2tidus). See
Polecat.
Fitch"y (?), a. Having fitches
or vetches.
Fitch"y, a. [See
Fitch\'82.] (Her.)
Fitch\'82.
Fit"ful (?), a. [From 7th
Fit.] Full of fits; irregularly variable;
impulsive and unstable.
After life's fitful fever, he sleeps well.
Shak.
-- Fit"ful*ly, adv. --
Fit"ful*ness, n.
The victorius trumpet peal
Dies fitfully away.
Macaulay.
{ Fith"el (?), Fith"ul
(?) }, n. [OE. See
Fiddle.] A fiddle [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fit"ly (?), adv. In a fit
manner; suitably; properly; conveniently; as, a maxim
fitly applied.
Fit"ment (?), n. The act of
fitting; that which is proper or becoming; equipment.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fit"ness, n. The state or quality of
being fit; as, the fitness of measures or laws; a
person's fitness for office.
Fitt (?), n. See 2d
Fit.
Fit"ta*ble (?), a. Suitable;
fit. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Fit"ted*ness (?), n. The state
or quality of being fitted; adaptation. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Fit"ter (?), n. 1. One
who fits or makes to fit; esp.: (a) One who tries on,
and adjusts, articles of dress. (b) One who fits or
adjusts the different parts of machinery to each other.
2. A coal broker who conducts the sales between the
owner of a coal pit and the shipper. [Eng.]
Simmonds.
Fit"ter, n. A little piece; a flitter; a
flinder. [Obs.]
Where's the Frenchman? Alas, he's all fitters.
Beau. & Fl.
Fit"ting (?), n. Anything used
in fitting up; especially (pl.),
necessary fixtures or apparatus; as, the
fittings of a church or study; gas
fittings.
Fit"ting, a. Fit; appropriate; suitable;
proper. -- Fit"ting*ly, adv.
-- Fit"ting*ness, n.
Jer. Taylor.
Fit"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant (Eryngium f\'d2tidum) supposed to be a
remedy for fits.
Fitz (?), n. [OF.
fils, filz, fiz, son, F.
fils, L. filius. See
Filial.] A son; -- used in compound names, to
indicate paternity, esp. of the illegitimate sons of kings and
princes of the blood; as, Fitzroy, the son of the
king; Fitzclarence, the son of the duke of
Clarence.
Five (?), a. [OE.
fif, five, AS. f\'c6f,
f\'c6fe; akin to D. vijf, OS.
f\'c6f, OHG. finf, funf, G.
f\'81nf, Icel. fimm, Sw. & Sw. Dan.
fem, Goth. fimf, Lith. penki,
W. pump, OIr. c\'a2ic, L.
quinque, Gr. /, \'92ol. /, Skr.
pa/can. / 303. Cf. Fifth,
Cinque, Pentagon, Punch the drink,
Quinary.] Four and one added; one more than
four.
<-- p. 565 -->
Five nations (Ethnol.), a
confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians, consisting of five
tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and Senecas. They
inhabited the region which is now the State of new
York.
Five (?), n. 1. The
number next greater than four, and less than six; five units or
objects.
Five of them were wise, and five were
foolish.
Matt. xxv. 2.
2. A symbol representing this number, as 5, or
V.
Five"-fin`ger (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) See Cinquefoil.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A starfish with five rays,
esp. Asterias rubens.
Five"fold` (?), a. & adv. In
fives; consisting of five in one; five repeated; quintuple.
Five"-leaf` (?), n. Cinquefoil;
five-finger.
{ Five"-leafed` (?),
Five"-leaved` (?) }, a.
(Bot.) Having five leaflets, as the Virginia
creeper.
Five"ling (?), n. (Min.)
A compound or twin crystal consisting of five
individuals.
Fives (?), n. pl. A kind of
play with a ball against a wall, resembling tennis; -- so named
because three fives, or fifteen, are
counted to the game.
Smart.
Fives court, a place for playing
fives.
Fives, n. [See Vives.]
A disease of the glands under the ear in horses; the
vives.
Shak.
Five`-twen"ties (?), n. pl.
Five-twenty bonds of the United States (bearing six per cent
interest), issued in 1862, '64, and '65, redeemable after
five and payable in twenty years.
Fix (?), a. [OE., fr. L.
fixus, p.p. of figere to fix; cf. F.
fixe.] Fixed; solidified.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fix, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fixing.] [Cf. F.
fixer.] 1. To make firm, stable,
or fast; to set or place permanently; to fasten immovably; to
establish; to implant; to secure; to make efinite.
An ass's nole I fixed on his head.
Shak.
O, fix thy chair of grace, that all my powers
May also fix their reverence.
Herbert.
His heart is fixed, trusting in the Lord.
Ps. cxii. 7.
And fix far deeper in his head their stings.
Milton.
2. To hold steadily; to direct unwaveringly; to
fasten, as the eye on an object, the attention on a
speaker.
Sat fixed in thought the mighty Stagirite.
Pope.
One eye on death, and one full fix'd on heaven.
Young.
3. To transfix; to pierce.
[Obs.]
Sandys.
4. (Photog.) To render (an impression)
permanent by treating with such applications a will make it
insensible to the action of light.
Abney.
5. To put in prder; to arrange; to dispose of; to
adjust; to set to rights; to set or place in the manner desired
or most suitable; hence, to repair; as, to fix the
clothes; to fix the furniture of a room.
[Colloq. U.S.]
6. (Iron Manuf.) To line the hearth of
(a puddling furnace) with fettling.
Syn. -- To arrange; prepare; adjust; place; establis;
settle; determine.
Fix, v. i. 1. To become fixed;
to settle or remain permanently; to cease from wandering; to
rest.
Your kindness banishes your fear,
Resolved to fix forever here.
Waller.
2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization;
to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and
malleable, as a metallic substance.
Bacon.
To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution
about; to determine regarding; as, the contracting parties have
fixed on certain leading points.
Fix, n. 1. A position of
difficulty or embarassment; predicament; dillema.
[Colloq.]
Is he not living, then? No. is he dead, then? No, nor dead
either. Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he
is in an almighty fix.
De Quincey.
2. (Iron Manuf.) fettling.
[U.S.]
Fix"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being fixed.
Fix*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
fixation.] 1. The act of fixing,
or the state of being fixed.
An unalterable fixation of resolution.
Killingbeck.
To light, created in the first day, God gave no proper place
or fixation.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Marked stiffness or absolute fixation of a
joint.
Quain.
A fixation and confinement of thought to a few
objects.
Watts.
2. The act of uniting chemically with a solid
substance or in a solid form; reduction to a non-volatile
condition; -- said of gaseous elements.
3. The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and
becoming firm.
Glanvill.
4. A state of resistance to evaporation or
volatilization by heat; -- said of metals.
Bacon.
Fix"a*tive (?), n. That which
serves to set or fix colors or drawings, as a mordant.
Fixed (?), a. 1.
Securely placed or fastened; settled; established; firm;
imovable; unalterable.
2. (Chem.) Stable; non-volatile.
Fixed air (Old Chem.), carbonic
acid or carbon dioxide; -- so called by Dr. Black because it can
be absorbed or fixed by strong bases. See
Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. --
Fixed alkali (Old Chem.), a
non-volatile base, as soda, or potash, in distinction from the
volatile alkali ammonia. -- Fixed ammunition
(Mil.), a projectile and powder inclosed together
in a case ready for loading. -- Fixed battery
(Mil.), a battery which contains heavy guns and
mortars intended to remain stationary; -- distinguished from
movable battery. -- Fixed bodies,
those which can not be volatilized or separated by a common
menstruum, without great difficulty, as gold, platinum, lime,
etc. -- Fixed capital. See the Note under
Capital, n., 4. -- Fixed
fact, a well established fact.
[Colloq.] -- Fixed light, one which
emits constant beams; -- distinguished from a flashing,
revolving, or intermittent light. -- Fixed oils
(Chem.), non-volatile, oily substances, as
stearine and olein, which leave a permanent greasy stain, and
which can not be distilled unchanged; -- distinguished from
volatile or essential oils. --
Fixed pivot (Mil.), the fixed point
about which any line of troops wheels. -- Fixed
stars (Astron.), such stars as always retain
nearly the same apparent position and distance with respect to
each other, thus distinguished from planets and comets.
Fix"ed*ly (?), adv. In a fixed,
stable, or constant manner.
Fix"ed*ness, n. 1. The state or
quality of being fixed; stability; steadfastness.
2. The quality of a body which resists evaporation
or volatilization by heat; solidity; cohesion of parts; as,
the fixedness of gold.
Fix*id"i*ty (?), n.
Fixedness. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Fix"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of making fixed.
2. That which is fixed; a fixture.
3. pl. Arrangements; embellishments;
trimmings; accompaniments. [Colloq. U.S.]
Fix"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
fixit\'82.] 1. Fixedness; as,
fixity of tenure; also, that which is fixed.
2. Coherence of parts.
Sir I. Newton.
Fix"ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
Fixture.] 1. That which is fixed or
attached to something as a permanent appendage; as, the
fixtures of a pump; the fixtures of a farm or
of a dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take
away.
2. State of being fixed; fixedness.
The firm fixture of thy foot.
Shak.
3. (Law) Anything of an accessory
character annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part
of them. This term is, however, quite frequently used in the
peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to lands and
tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his
personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things
may be fixtures under some circumstances, and not
fixtures under others.
Wharton (Law Dict. ). Bouvier.
fixure (formerly the word in common use) in new
editions of old works.
Fix"ure (?), n. [L.
fixura a fastening, fr. figere to fix. See
Fix, and cf. Fixture.] Fixed
position; stable condition; firmness. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fix"gig` (?), n. A
fishing. [Obs.]
Sandys.
Fiz"gig`, n. [Fizz +
gig whirling thing.] A firework, made of
damp powder, which makes a fizzing or hissing noise when it
explodes.
Fiz"gig`, n. [See Gig a
flirt.] A gadding, flirting girl.
Gosson.
Fizz (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fizzed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fizzing.]
[Cf. Icel. f\'c6sa to break wind, Dan.
fise to foist, fizzle, OSw. fisa, G.
fisten, feisten. Cf. Foist.]
To make a hissing sound, as a burning fuse.
Fizz, n. A hising sound; as, the
fizz of a fly.
Fiz"zle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fizzled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fizzling
(?).] [See Fizz.]
1. To make a hissing sound.
It is the eas/est thinng, sir, to be done,
As plain as fizzling.
B. Jonson.
2. To make a ridiculous failure in an
undertaking. [Colloq. or Low]
To fizzle out, to burn with a hissing noise
and then go out, like wet gunpowder; hence, to fail completely
and ridicuously; to prove a failure.
[Colloq.]
Fiz"zle, n. A failure or abortive
effort. [Colloq.]
\'d8Fjord (?), n. See
Fiord.
Flab"ber*gast (?), v. t. [Cf.
Flap, and Aghast.] To astonish; to
strike with wonder, esp. by extraordinary statements.
[Jocular]
Beaconsfield.
Flab`ber*gas*ta"tion (?), n.
The state of being flabbergasted.
[Jocular]
London Punch.
Flab"bi*ly (?), adv. In a
flabby manner.
Flab"bi*ness, n. Quality or state of
being flabby.
Flab"by (?), a. [See
Flap.] Yielding to the touch, and easily
moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; wanting
firmness; flaccid; as, flabby flesh.
Fla"bel (?), n. [L.
flabellum a fan, dim. of flabrum a breeze,
fr. flare to blow.] A fan.
[Obs.]
Huloet.
Fla*bel"late (?), a. [L.
flabellatus, p.p. of flabellare to fan, fr.
flabellum. See Flabbel.]
(Bot.) Flabelliform.
Flab`el*la"tion (?), n. The act
of keeping fractured limbs cool by the use of a fan or some other
contrivance.
Dunglison.
Fla*bel"li*form (?), a. [L.
flabellum a fan + -fform: cf. F.
flabeliforme.] Having the form of a fan;
fan-shaped; flabellate.
Fla*bel"li*nerved` (?), a. [L.
flabellum a fan + E. nerve.]
(Bot.) Having many nerves diverging radiately
from the base; -- said of a leaf.
\'d8Fla*bel"lum (?), n. [L.
See Flabel.] (Eccl.) A
fan; especially, the fan carried before the pope on state
occasions, made in ostrich and peacock feathers.
Shipley.
Flab"ile (?), a. [L.
flabilis.] Liable to be blown about.
Bailey.
Flac"cid (?), a. [L.
flaccidus, fr. flaccus flabby: cf. OF.
flaccide.] Yielding to pressure for want of
firmness and stiffness; soft and weak; limber; lax; drooping;
flabby; as, a flaccid muscle; flaccid
flesh.
Religious profession . . . has become flacced.
I. Taylor.
-- Flac"cid*ly (#), adv.
-- Flac"cid*ness, n.
Flac*cid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
flaccidit\'82.] The state of being
flaccid.
Flack"er (?), v. i. [OE.
flakeren, fr. flacken to move quickly to
and fro; cf. icel. flakka to rove about, AS.
flacor fluttering, flying, G. flackern to
flare, flicker.] To flutter, as a bird.
[Prov. Eng.]
Grose.
Flack"et (?), n. [OF.
flasquet little flask, dim. of flasque a
flask.] A barrel-shaped bottle; a flagon.
Flag (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flagged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flagging
(?).] [Cf. Icel. flaka to
droop, hang loosely. Cf. Flacker, Flag an
ensign.] 1. To hang loose without stiffness;
to bend down, as flexible bodies; to be loose, yielding,
limp.
As loose it [the sail] flagged around the mast.
T. Moore.
2. To droop; to grow spiritless; to lose vigor; to
languish; as, the spirits flag; the streugth
flags.
The pleasures of the town begin to flag.
Swift.
Syn. -- To droop; decline; fail; languish; pine.
Flag (?), v. t. 1. To
let droop; to suffer to fall, or let fall, into feebleness;
as, to flag the wings.
prior.
2. To enervate; to exhaust the vigor or elasticity
of.
Nothing so flags the spirits.
Echard.
Flag, n. [Cf. LG. & G.
flagge, Sw. flagg, Dan. flag, D.
vlag. See Flag to hang loose.]
1. That which flags or hangs down loosely.
2. A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and
used to indicate nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask
information; -- commonly attached to a staff to be waved by the
wind; a standard; a banner; an ensign; the colors; as, the
national flag; a military or a naval
flag.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A group of
feathers on the lower part of the legs of certain hawks, owls,
etc. (b) A group of elongated wing feathers
in certain hawks. (c) The bushy tail of a
dog, as of a setter.
Black flag. See under Black. --
Flag captain, Flag leutenant,
etc., special officers attached to the flagship, as aids to
the flag officer. -- Flag officer, the
commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral, or commodore.
-- Flag of truse, a white flag carried or
displayed to an enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the
purpose of making some communication not hostile. --
Flag share, the flag officer's share of prize
money. -- Flag station (Railroad),
a station at which trains do not stop unless signaled to do
so, by a flag hung out or waved. -- National
flag, a flag of a particular country, on which some
national emblem or device, is emblazoned. -- Red
flag, a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of
danger or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists. --
To dip, the flag, to mlower it and quickly restore
it to its place; -- done as a mark of respect. -- To
hang out the white flag, to ask truce or quarter, or,
in some cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a
white flag. -- To hang the flag
half-mast high , to raise it
only half way to the mast or staff, as a token or sign
of mourning. -- To strike, , the flag, to haul it down, in
token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of
surrender. -- Yellow flag, the quarantine
flag of all nations; also carried at a vessel's fore, to denote
that an infectious disease is on board.
Flag, v. t. [From Flag an
ensign.] 1. To signal to with a flag; as,
to flag a train.
2. To convey, as a message, by means of flag
signals; as, to flag an order to troops or vessels
at a distance.
Flag, n. [From Flag to hang
loose, to bend down.] (Bot.) An aquatic
plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to either of the
genera Iris and Acorus.
Cooper's flag, the cat-tail (Typha
latifolia), the long leaves of which are placed between the
staves of barrels to make the latter water-tight. --
Corn flag. See under 2d Corn. --
Flag broom, a coarse of broom, originally made of
flags or rushes. -- Flag root, the root of
the sweet flag. -- Sweet flag. See
Calamus, n., 2.
Flag, v. t. To furnish or deck out with
flags.
Flag, n. [Icel. flaga, cf.
Icel. flag spot where a turf has been cut out, and E.
flake layer, scale. Cf. Floe.]
1. A flat stone used for paving.
Woodward.
2. (Geol.) Any hard, evenly stratified
sandstone, which splits into layers suitable for
flagstones.
Flag, v. t. To lay with flags of flat
stones.
The sides and floor are all flagged with . . .
marble.
Sandys.
Flag"el*lant (?), n. [L.
flagellans, p.p. of flagellare: cf.F.
flagellant. See Flagellate.]
(Eccl. Hist.) One of a fanatical sect which
flourished in Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and
maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and
the sacrament; -- called also
disciplinant.
\'d8Flag`el*la"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr.L. flagellatus, p. p.
See Flagellate, v. t.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Infusoria, having one or
two long, whiplike cilia, at the anterior end. It includes
monads. See Infusoria, and Monad.
Flag"el*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flagellated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flagellating
(?).] [L. flagellatus, p.p.
of flagellare to scoure, fr. flagellum
whip, dim. of flagrum whip, scoure; cf.
fligere to strike. Cf. Flall.] To
whip; to scourge; to flog.
Fla*gel"late (?), a. 1.
Flagelliform.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Flagellata.
Flag`el*la"tion (?), n. [L.
flagellatio: cf. F. flagellation.]
A beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging.
Garth.
Flag"el*la`tor (?), n. One who
practices flagellation; one who whips or scourges.
Fla*gel"li*form (?), a. [L.
flagellum a whip + -form.]
Shaped like a whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and
(comming) tapering.
\'d8Fla*gel"lum (?), n.; pl. E.
Flagellums (#), L. Flagella
(#). [L., a whip. See Flagellate,
v. t.] 1. (Bot.) A
young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing branch
of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A long,
whiplike cilium. See Flagellata. (b)
An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the
snail. (c) A lashlike appendage of a
crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antenn\'91 and the
epipodite of the maxilipeds. See Maxilliped.
<-- p. 566 -->
Flag"eo*let` (?), n. [F.
flageolet, dim. of OF. flaj/l (as if fr.
a LL. flautio;us), of fla\'81te,
flahute, F. fl/te. See
Flute.] (Mus.) A small wooden
pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted at one
end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo
flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.
Flageolet tones (Mus.), the naturel
harmonics or overtones of stringed instruments.
Flag"gi*ness (?), n. The
condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness.
Johnson.
Flag"ging (?), n. A pavement or
sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones, collectively.
Flag"ging, a. Growing languid, weak, or
spiritless; weakening; delaying. --
Flag"ging*ly, adv.
Flag"gy (?), a. 1.
Weak; flexible; limber. \'bdFlaggy
wings.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Tasteless; insipid; as, a flaggy
apple. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Flag"gy, a. [From 5th
Flag.] Abounding with the plant called
flag; as, a flaggy marsh.
Flag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L.
flagitatus, p.p. of flagitare to demand.
See Flagitious.] To importune; to demand
fiercely or with passion. [Archaic]
Carcyle.
Flag`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
flagitatio.] Importunity; urgent
demand. [Archaic]
Carlyle.
Fla*gi"tious (?), a. [L.
flagitiosus, fr. flagitium a shameful or
disgraceful act, orig., a burning desire, heat of passion, from
flagitare to demand hotly, fiercely; cf.
flagrare to burn, E. flagrant.]
1. Disgracefully or shamefully criminal; grossly
wicked; scandalous; shameful; -- said of acts, crimes, etc.
Debauched principles and flagitious practices.
I. Taylor.
2. Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; profligate;
-- said of persons.
Pope.
3. Characterized by scandalous crimes or vices;
as, flagitious times.
Pope.
Syn. -- Atrocious; villainous; flagrant; heinous; corrupt;
profligate; abandoned. See Atracious. --
Fla*gi"tious*ly, adv. --
Fla*gi"tious*ness, n.
A sentence so flagitiously unjust.
Macaulay.
Flag"man (?), n.; pl.
Flagmen (/). One who makes
signals with a flag.
Flag"on (?), n. [F.
flacon, for flascon, fr. OF.
flasche, from LL. flasco. See
Flask.] A vessel with a narrow mouth, used
for holding and conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a
bottle, and of leather or stoneware rather than of glass.
A trencher of mutton chops, and a flagon of
ale.
Macaulay.
Fla"grance (?), n.
Flagrancy.
Bp. Hall.
Fla"gran*cy (?), n.; pl.
Flagrancies (#). [L.
flagrantia a burning. See Flagrant.]
1. A burning; great heat; inflammation.
[Obs.]
Lust causeth a flagrancy in the eyes.
Bacon.
2. The condition or quality of being flagrant;
atrocity; heiniousness; enormity; excess.
Steele.
Fla"grant (?), a. [L.
flagrans, -antis, p.pr. of
flagrate to burn, akin to Gr. /: cf. F.
flagrant. Cf. Flame, Phlox.]
1. Flaming; inflamed; glowing; burning;
ardent.
The beadle's lash still flagrant on their back.
Prior.
A young man yet flagrant from the lash of the
executioner or the beadle.
De Quincey.
Flagrant desires and affections.
Hooker.
2. Actually in preparation, execution, or
performance; carried on hotly; raging.
A war the most powerful of the native tribes was
flagrant.
Palfrey.
3. Flaming into notice; notorious; enormous;
heinous; glaringly wicked.
Syn. -- Atrocious; flagitious; glaring. See
Atrocious.
Fla"grant*ly, adv. In a flagrant
manner.
Fla"grate (?), v. t. [L.
flagrare, flagratum, v.i. & t., to
burn.] To burn. [Obs.]
Greenhill.
Fla*gra"tion (?), n. A
conflagration. [Obs.]
Flag"ship` (?), n.
(Naut.) The vessel which carries the commanding
officer of a fleet or squadron and flies his distinctive flag or
pennant.
Flag"staff` (?), n.; pl.
-staves (/) or -staffs
(/). A staff on which a flag is
hoisted.
Flag"stone` (?), n. A flat
stone used in paving, or any rock which will split into such
stones. See Flag, a stone.
Flag"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A worm or grub found among flags and
sedge.
Flail (?), n. [L.
flagellum whip, scourge, in LL., a threshing flail:
cf. OF. flael, flaiel, F.
fl\'82au. See Flagellum.] 1.
An instrument for threshing or beating grain from the ear by
hand, consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which
a stouter and shorter pole or club, called a swipe, is so hung as
to swing freely.
His shadowy flail hath threshed the corn.
Milton.
2. An ancient military weapon, like the common
flail, often having the striking part armed with rows of spikes,
or loaded.
Fairholt.
No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his
coat a small flail, loaded with lead, to brain the
Popish assassins.
Macaulay.
Flail"y (?), a. Acting like a
flail. [Obs.]
Vicars.
Flain (?), obs. p.
p. of Flay.
Chaucer.
Flake (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
flaki, fleki, Dan. flage, D.
vlaak.] 1. A paling; a
hurdle. [prov. Eng.]
2. A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast
or interwoven, supported by stanchions, for drying codfish and
other things.
You shall also, after they be ripe, neither suffer them to
have straw nor fern under them, but lay them either upon some
smooth table, boards, or flakes of wands, and they
will last the longer.
English Husbandman.
3. (Naut.) A small stage hung over a
vessel's side, for workmen to stand on in calking, etc.
Flake (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
flakna to flake off, split, flagna to flake
off, Sw. flaga flaw, flake, flake plate,
Dan. flage snowflake. Cf. Flag a flat
stone.] 1. A loose filmy mass or a thin
chiplike layer of anything; a film; flock; lamina; layer; scale;
as, a flake of snow, tallow, or fish.
\'bdLottle flakes of scurf.\'b8
Addison.
Great flakes of ice encompassing our boat.
Evelyn.
2. A little particle of lighted or incandescent
matter, darted from a fire; a flash.
With flakes of ruddy fire.
Somerville.
3. (Bot.) A sort of carnation with only
two colors in the flower, the petals having large stripes.
<-- 4. a flaky{2} person -->
Flake knife (Arch\'91ol.), a
cutting instrument used by savage tribes, made of a flake or chip
of hard stone. Tylor. -- Flake stand,
the cooling tub or vessel of a still worm.
Knight. -- Flake white. (Paint.)
(a) The purest white lead, in the form of flakes or
scales. (b) The trisnitrate of bismuth.
Ure.
Flake, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flaking.] To form into flakes.
Pope.
Flake, v. i. To separate in flakes; to
peel or scale off.
Flak"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being flaky.
Flak"y (?), a. Consisting of
flakes or of small, loose masses; lying, or cleaving off, in
flakes or layers; flakelike.
<--2. (of persons) = prone to strange behavior; (of actions) odd
or unconventional = offbeat, whacky -->
What showers of mortal hail, what flaky fires!
Watts.
A flaky weight of winter's purest snows.
Wordsworth.
Flam (?), n. [Cf. AS.
fle\'a0m, fl/m, floght. Flimflam.] A freak or whim; also, a
falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext; deception; delusion.
[Obs.]
A perpetual abuse and flam upon posterity.
South.
Flam, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flammed ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flamming.] To deceive with a
falsehood. [Obs.]
God is not to be flammed off with lies.
South.
Flam"beau (?); n.; pl.
Flambeaux (#) or Flambeaus
(#). [F., fr. OF. flambe flame,
for flamble, from L. flammula a little
flame, dim. of flamma flame. See
Flame.] A flaming torch, esp. one made by
combining together a number of thick wicks invested with a
quick-burning substance (anciently, perhaps, wax; in modern
times, pitch or the like); hence, any torch.
Flam*boy"ant (?), a. [F.]
(Arch.) Characterized by waving or flamelike
curves, as in the tracery of windows, etc.; -- said of the later
(15th century) French Gothic style.
Flam*boy"er (?), n. [F.
flamboyer to be bright.] (Bot.)
A name given in the East and West Indies to certain trees
with brilliant blossoms, probably species of
C\'91salpinia.
Flame (?), n. [OE.
flame, flaume, flaumbe, OF.
flame, flambe, F. flamme, fr. L.
flamma, fr. flamma, fr. flagrare
to burn. See Flagrant, and cf. Flamneau,
Flamingo.] 1. A stream of burning
vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; darting or streaming fire;
a blaze; a fire.
2. Burning zeal or passion; elevated and noble
enthusiasm; glowing imagination; passionate excitement or
anger. \'bdIn a flame of zeal severe.\'b8
Milton.
Where flames refin'd in breasts seraphic glow.
Pope.
Smit with the love of sister arts we came,
And met congenial, mingling flame with
flame.
Pope.
3. Ardor of affection; the passion of love.
Coleridge.
4. A person beloved; a sweetheart.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- Blaze; brightness; ardor. See Blaze.
Flame bridge, a bridge wall. See
Bridge, n., 5. -- Flame
color, brilliant orange or yellow. B.
Jonson. -- Flame engine, an early name for
the gas engine. -- Flame manometer, an
instrument, invented by Koenig, to obtain graphic representation
of the action of the human vocal organs. See
Manometer. -- Flame reaction
(Chem.), a method of testing for the presence of
certain elements by the characteristic color imparted to a flame;
as, sodium colors a flame yellow, potassium violet, lithium
crimson, boracic acid green, etc. Cf. Spectrum
analysis, under Spectrum. -- Flame
tree (Bot.), a tree with showy scarlet
flowers, as the Rhododendron arboreum in India, and
the Brachychiton acerifolium of Australia.
Flame, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Flamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flaming.] [OE. flamen,
flaumben, F. flamber, OF. also,
flamer. See Flame, n.]
1. To burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas
emitted from bodies in combustion; to blaze.
The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it
flame again.
Shak.
2. To burst forth like flame; to break out in
violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardor.
He flamed with indignation.
Macaulay.
Flame, v. t. To kindle; to inflame; to
excite.
And flamed with zeal of vengeance inwardly.
Spenser.
Flame"-col`ored (?), a. Of the
color of flame; of a bright orange yellow color.
Shak.
Flame"less, a. Destitute of flame.
Sandys.
Flame"let (?), n.
[Flame + -let.] A small
flame.
The flamelets gleamed and flickered.
Longfellow.
Fla"men (?), n.; pl. E.
Flammens (#), L. Flamines
(#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)
A priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from
whom he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were
those of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively
Flamen Dialis, Flamen Martialis, and
Flamen Quirinalis.
Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.
Milton.
Fla*min"e*ous (?), a.
Pertaining to a flamen; flaminical.
Flam"ing (?), a. 1.
Emitting flames; afire; blazing; consuming;
illuminating.
2. Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant;
dazzling. \'bdIn flaming yellow bright.\'b8
Prior.
3. Ardent; passionate; burning with zeal;
irrepressibly earnest; as, a flaming proclomation or
harangue.
Flam"ing*ly, adv. In a flaming
manner.
Fla*min"go (?), n.; pl.
Flamingoes (#). [Sp.
flamenco, cf. Pg. flamingo, Prov.
flammant, F. flamant; prop. a p.pr. meaning
flaming. So called in allusion to its color. See
Flame.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the
genus Ph\'d2nicopterus. The flamingoes have webbed
feet, very long legs, and a beak bent down as if broken. Their
color is usually red or pink. The American flamingo is P.
ruber; the European is P. antiquorum.
Fla*min"i*cal (?), a.
Pertaining to a flamen.
Milton.
Flam`ma*bil"ity (?), n. The
quality of being flammable; inflammability.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Flam"ma*ble (?), a.
Inflammable. [Obs.]
Flam*ma"tion (?), n. The act of
setting in a flame or blaze. [Obs.]
Sir. T. Browne.
Flam"me*ous (?), a. [L.
flammeus from flamma flame.]
Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, flame.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Flam*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
flammifer; flamma flame + ferre
to bear.] Producing flame.
Flam*miv"o*mous (?), a. [L.
flammivomus; flamma flame +
vomere to vomit.] Vomiting flames, as a
volcano.
W. Thompson. (1745).
Flam"mu*la`ted (?), a. [L.
flammula little flame, dim. fr. flamma
flame.] Of a reddish color.
Flam"y (?), a. [From
Flame.] Flaming; blazing; flamelike;
flame-colored; composed of flame.
Pope.
Flanch (?), n.; pl.
Flanches (#). [Prov. E., a
projection, OF. flanche flank. See
Flank.] 1. A flange.
[R.]. (Her.) A bearing
consisting of a segment of a circle encroaching on the field from
the side.
Flanches are always in pairs. A pair of
flanches is considered one of the
subordinaries.
Flanched (?), a. (Her.)
Having flanches; -- said of an escutcheon with those
bearings.
Flan`co*nade" (?), n.
[F.] (Fencing) A thrust in the
side.
\'d8Fla`neur" (?), n. [F., fr.
fl\'83ner to stroll.] One who strolls about
aimlessly; a lounger; a loafer.
Flang (?), n. A miner's
two-pointed pick.
Flange (?), n. [Prov. E.
flange to project, flanch a projection. See
Flanch, Flank.] 1. An
external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the
flange of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the
flange of a car wheel (see Car wheel.); or
for attachment to another object, as the flange on the
end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc.
Knight.
2. A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a
pipe when fastened to the pipe.
Blind flange, a plate for covering or closing
the end of a pipe. -- Flange joint, a joint,
as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by
which the parts are bolted together.
Knight.
- Flange rail, a rail with a flange on one
side, to keep wheels, etc. from running off. -- Flange
turning, the process of forming a flange on a wrought
iron plate by bending and hammering it wh/n hot.
Flange, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flanged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flanging (?).]
(Mach.) To make a flange on; to furnish with a
flange.
Flange, v. i. To be bent into a
flange.
Flanged (?), a. Having a flange
or flanges; as, a flanged wheel.
Flank (?), n. [F.
flanc, prob. fr. L. flaccus flabby, with
n inserted. Cf. Flaccid, Flanch,
Flange.] 1. The fleshy or muscular
part of the side of an animal, between the rids and the hip. See
Illust. of Beef.
2. (Mil.) (a) The side of an
army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment,
or battalion; the extreme right or left; as, to attack an
enemy in flank is to attack him on the side.
When to right and left the front
Divided, and to either flank retired.
Milton.
(b) (Fort.) That part of a bastion which
reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the curtain,
the flank and face of the opposite bastion; any part of a work
defending another by a fire along the outside of its
parapet. See Illust. of Bastion.
3. (Arch.) The side of any
building.
Brands.
4. That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel
tooth that lies within the pitch line.
Flank attack (Mil.), an attack upon
the side of an army or body of troops, distinguished from one
upon its front or rear. -- Flank company
(Mil.), a certain number of troops drawn up on the
right or left of a battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry,
or riflemen. -- Flank defense (Fort.),
protection of a work against undue exposure to an enemy's
direct fire, by means of the fire from other works, sweeping the
ground in its front. -- Flank en potence
(Mil.), any part of the right or left wing formed
at a projecting angle with the line. -- Flank
files, the first men on the right, and the last on the
left, of a company, battalion, etc. -- Flank
march, a march made parallel or obliquely to an enemy's
position, in order to turn it or to attack him on the flank.
-- Flank movement, a change of march by an army,
or portion of one, in order to turn one or both wings of the
enemy, or to take up a new position. -- Flanks of a
frontier, salient points in a national boundary,
strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile
incursion. -- Flank patrol, detachments
acting independently of the column of an army, but patrolling
along its flanks, to secure it against surprise and to observe
the movements of the enemy.
<-- p. 567 -->
Flank (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flanked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flanking.] [Cf. F. flanquer.
See Flank, n., and cf. Flanker,
v. t.] 1. To stand at the flank or
side of; to border upon.
Stately colonnades are flanked with trees.
Pitt.
2. To overlook or command the flank of; to secure
or guard the flank of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to
attack, or threaten to attack; the flank of.
Flank, v. i. 1. To border; to
touch.
Bp. Butler.
2. To be posted on the side.
Flank"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a body of troops sent out
upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of march, or a fort
projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body.
They threw out flankers, and endeavored to dislodge
their assailants.
W. Irwing.
Flank"er, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flankered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flankering.] [See
Flank, v. t.] 1. To
defend by lateral fortifications. [Obs.]
Sir T. Herbert.
2. To attack sideways. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Fla"nel (?), n. [F.
flanelle, cf. OF. flaine a pillowcase, a
mattress (?); fr. W. gwlanen flannel, fr.
gwlan wool; prob. akin to E. wool. Cf.
Wool.] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose
texture.
Shak.
Adam's flannel. (Bot.) See under
Adam. -- Canton flannel,
Cotton flannel. See Cotton
flannel, under Cotton.
Flan"neled (?), a. Covered or
wrapped in flannel.
Flan"nen (?), a. Made or
consisting of flannel. [Obs.]
\'bdFlannen robes.\'b8
Dryden.
Flap (?), n. [OE.
flappe, flap, blow, bly-flap; cf. D.
flap, and E. flap, v.]
Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is
attached by one side or end and is easily moved; as, the
flap of a garment.
A cartilaginous flap upon the opening of the
larynx.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A hinged leaf, as of a table or shutter.
3. The motion of anything broad and loose, or a
stroke or sound made with it; as, the flap of a sail
or of a wing.
4. pl. (Far.) A disease in
the lips of horses.
Flap tile, a tile with a bent up portion, to
turn a corner or catch a drip. -- Flap valve
(Mech.), a valve which opens and shuts upon one
hinged side; a clack valve.
Flap, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flapped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flapping (?).] [Prob.
of imitative origin; cf. D. flappen, E.
flap, n., flop, flippant, fillip.]
1. To beat with a flap; to strike.
Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings.
Pope.
2. To move, as something broad and flaplike;
as, to flap the wings; to let fall, as the brim
of a hat.
To flap in the mouth, to taunt.
[Obs.]
W. Cartwright.
Flap, v. i. 1. To move as do
wings, or as something broad or loose; to fly with wings beating
the air.
The crows flapped over by twos and threes.
Lowell.
2. To fall and hang like a flap, as the brim of a
hat, or other broad thing.
Gay.
Flap"drag`on (?), n. 1.
A game in which the players catch raisins out burning
brandy, and swallow them blazing.
Johnson.
2. The thing thus caught abd eaten.
Johnson.
Cakes and ale, and flapdragtons and mummer's plays,
and all the happy sports of Christians night.
C. Kingsley.
Flap"drag`on, v. t. To swallow whole, as
a flapdragon; to devour. [Obs.]
See how the sea flapdragoned it.
Shak.
Flap"-eared` (?), a. Having
broad, loose, dependent ears.
Shak.
Flap"jack` (?), n. 1.
A fklat cake turned on the griddle while cooking; a
griddlecake or pacake.
2. A fried dough cake containing fruit; a
turnover. [Prov. Eng.]
Flap"-mouthed` (?), a. Having
broad, hangling lips. [R.]
Shak.
Flap"per (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, flaps.
2. See Flipper. \'bdThe
flapper of a porpoise.\'b8
Buckley.
Flapper skate (Zo\'94l.), a
European skate (Raia intermedia).
Flare (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flared (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Flaring.]
[Cf. Norw. flara to blaze, flame, adorn with
tinsel, dial. Sw. flasa upp, and E. flash,
or flacker.] 1. To burn with an
unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle
flares.
2. To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light;
to emit a dazzling or painfully bright light.
3. To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be
offensively bright or showy.
With ribbons pendant, flaring about her head.
Shak.
4. To be exosed to too much light.
[Obs.]
Flaring in sunshine all the day.
Prior.
5. To open or spread outwards; to project beyond
the perpendicular; as, the sides of a bowl flare;
the bows of a ship flare.
To flare up, to become suddenly heated or
excited; to burst into a passion.
[Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Flare, n. 1. An unsteady,
broad, offensive light.
2. A spreading outward; as, the flare
of a fireplace.
Flare, n. Leaf of lard. \'bdPig's
flare.\'b8
Dunglison.
Flare"-up` (?), n. A sudden
burst of anger or passion; an angry dispute.
[Colloq.]
Flar"ing (?), a. 1.
That flares; flaming or blazing unsteadily; shining out with
a dazzling light.
His [the sun's] flaring beams.
Milton.
2. Opening or speading outwards.
Flar"ing*ly, adv. In a flaring
manner.
Flash (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flashed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flashing.] [Cf. OE.
flaskien, vlaskien to pour, sprinkle, dial.
Sw. flasa to blaze, E. flush,
flare.] 1. To burst or break forth
with a sudden and transient flood of flame and light; as, the
lighting flashes vividly; the powder
flashed.
2. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to
burst instantly and brightly on the sight; to show a momentary
brilliancy; to come or pass like a flash.
Names which have flashed and thundered as the watch
words of unumbered struggles.
Talfourd.
The object is made to flash upon the eye of the
mind.
M. Arnold.
A thought floashed through me, which I clothed in
act.
Tennyson.
3. To burst forth like a sudden flame; to break out
violently; to rush hastily.
Every hour
He flashes into one gross crime or other.
Shak.
To flash in the pan, to fail of success.
[Colloq.] See under Flash, a burst of
light.
Bartlett.
Syn. -- Flash, Glitter, Gleam,
Glisten, Glister.
Flash differs from glitter and
gleam, denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The
latter words may express the issuing of light from a small
object, or from a pencil of rays. Flash differs from
other words, also, in denoting suddenness of appearance and
disappearance. Flashing differs from
exploding or disploding in not being
accompanied with a loud report. To glisten, or
glister, is to shine with a soft and fitful luster, as
eyes suffused with tears, or flowers wet with dew.
Flash (?), v. t. 1. To
send out in flashes; to cause to burst forth with sudden flame or
light.
The chariot of paternal Deity,
Flashing thick flames.
Milton.
2. To convey as by a flash; to light up, as by a
sudden flame or light; as, to flash a message along
the wires; to flash conviction on the mind.
3. (Glass Making) To cover with a thin
layer, as objects of glass with glass of a different color. See
Flashing, n., 3 (b).
4. To trick up in a showy manner.
Limning and flashing it with various dyes.
A. Brewer.
5. [Perh. due to confusion between flash
of light and plash, splash.] To
strike and throw up large bodies of water from the surface; to
splash. [Obs.]
He rudely flashed the waves about.
Spenser.
Flashed glass. See Flashing,
n., 3.
Flash, n.; pl. Flashes
(/). 1. A sudden burst of light; a
flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a
momentary blaze; as, a flash of
lightning.
2. A sudden and brilliant burst, as of wit or
genius; a momentary brightness or show.
The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind.
Shak.
No striking sentiment, no flash of fancy.
Wirt.
3. The time during which a flash is visible; an
instant; a very brief period.
The Persians and Macedonians had it for a
flash.
Bacon.
4. A preparation of capsicum, burnt sugar, etc.,
for coloring and giving a fictious strength to liquors.
Flash light, Flashing
light, a kind of light shown by lighthouses,
produced by the revolution of reflectors, so as to show a flash
of light every few seconds, alternating with periods of
dimness. Knight. -- Flash in the pan,
the flashing of the priming in the pan of a flintlock musket
without discharging the piece; hence, sudden, spasmodic effort
that accomplishes nothing.
Flash, a. 1. Showy, but
counterfeit; cheap, pretentious, and vulgar; as,
flash jewelry; flash finery.
<-- different from flashy[3]? Not much used late 1900's. Perh.
because of sense 2? -->
2. Wearing showy, counterfeit ornaments; vulgarly
pretentious; as, flash people; flash men or
women; -- applied especially to thieves, gamblers, and
prostitutes that dress in a showy way and wear much cheap
jewelry.
Flash house, a house frequented by flash
people, as thieves and whores; hence, a brothel. \'bdA gang of
footpads, reveling with their favorite beauties at a flash
house.\'b8
Macaulay.
Flash, n. Slang or cant of thieves and
prostitutes.
Flash, n. [OE. flasche,
flaske; cf. OF. flache, F.
flaque.] 1. A pool.
[Prov. Eng.]
Haliwell.
2. (Engineering) A reservoir and
sluiceway beside a navigable stream, just above a shoal, so that
the stream may pour in water as boats pass, and thus bear them
over the shoal.
Flash wheel (Mech.), a paddle wheel
made to revolve in a breast or curved water way, by which water
is lifted from the lower to the higher level.
Flash"board` (?), n. A board
placed temporarily upon a milldam, to raise the water in the pond
above its usual level; a flushboard. [U.S.]
Flash"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, flashes.
2. A man of more appearance of wit than
reality.
<-- 3. an exhibitionist -->
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large
sparoid fish of the Atlantic coast and all tropical seas
(Lobotes Surinamensis). (b) The
European red-backed shrile (Lanius collurio); --
called also flusher.
Flash"i*ly (?), adv. In a
flashy manner; with empty show.
Flash"i*ness, n. The quality of being
flashy.
Flash"ing, n. 1.
(Engineering) The creation of an artifical flood
by the sudden letting in of a body of water; -- called also
flushing.
2. (Arch.) Pieces of metal, built into
the joints of a wall, so as to lap over the edge of the gutters
or to cover the edge of the roofing; also, similar pieces used to
cover the valleys of roofs of slate, shingles, or the like. By
extension, the metal covering of ridges and hips of roofs; also,
in the United States, the protecting of angles and breaks in
walls of frame houses with waterproof material, tarred paper, or
the like. Cf. Filleting.
3. (Glass Making) (a) The
reheating of an article at the furnace aperture during
manufacture to restore its plastic condition; esp., the reheating
of a globe of crown glass to allow it to assume a flat shape as
it is rotated. (b) A mode of covering
transparent white glass with a film of colored glass.
Knight.
Flashing point (Chem.), that degree
of temperature at which a volatile oil gives off vapor in
sufficient quantity to burn, or flash, on the approach of a
flame, used as a test of the comparative safety of oils, esp.
kerosene; a flashing point of 100
Flash"y (?), a. 1.
Dazzling for a moment; making a momentary show of
brilliancy; transitorily bright.
A little flashy and transient pleasure.
Barrow.
2. Fiery; vehement; impetuous.
A temper always flashy.
Burke.
3. Showy; gay; gaudy; as, a flashy
dress.
4. Without taste or spirit.
Lean and flashy songs.
Milton.
Flask (?), n. [AS.
flasce, flaxe; akin to D.
flesch, OHG. flasca, G. flasche,
Icel. & Sw. flaska, Dan. flaske, OF.
flasche, LL. flasca, flasco; of
uncertain origin; cf. L. vasculum, dim. of
vas a vessel, Gr. /, /, /. Cf. Flagon,
Flasket.] 1. A small bottle-shaped
vessel for holding fluids; as, a flask of oil or
wine.
2. A narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass, used
for various purposes; as of sheet metal, to carry gunpowder in;
or of wrought iron, to contain quicksilver; or of glass, to heat
water in, etc.
3. A bed in a gun carriage.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
4. (Founding) The wooden or iron frame
which holds the sand, etc., forming the mold used in a foundry;
it consists of two or more parts; viz., the cope or
top; sometimes, the cheeks, or middle part; and the
drag, or bottom part. When there are one or more
cheeks, the flask is called a three part flask,
four part flask, etc.
Erlenmeyer flask, a thin glass flask,
flat-bottomed and cone-shaped to allow of safely shaking its
contents laterally without danger of spilling; -- so called from
Erlenmeyer, a German chemist who invented it. --
Florence flask. [From Florence in
Italy.] (a) Same as Betty,
n., 3. (b) A glass flask, round or
pear-shaped, with round or flat bottom, and usually very thin to
allow of heating solutions. -- Pocket flask,
a kind of pocket dram bottle, often covered with metal or
leather to protect it from breaking.
Flask"et (?), n. [Cf. W.
fflasged a vessel of straw or wickerwork,
fflasg flask, basket, and E. flask.]
1. A long, shallow basket, with two handles.
[Eng.]
In which they gathered flowers to fill their
flasket.
Spenser.
2. A small flask.
3. A vessel in which viands are served.
[Obs.]
Pope.
Flat (?), a.
[Compar. Flatter (?);
superl. Flattest (?).]
[Akin to Icel. flatr, Sw. flat, Dan.
flad, OHG. flaz, and AS. flet
floor, G. fl\'94tz stratum, layer.] 1.
Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without
prominences or depressions; level without inclination;
plane.
Though sun and moon
Were in the flat sea sunk.
Milton.
2. Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the
ground; level with the ground or earth; prostrate; as, to lie
flat on the ground; hence, fallen; laid low;
ruined; destroyed.
What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat!
Milton.
I feel . . . my hopes all flat.
Milton.
3. (Fine Arts) Wanting relief; destitute
of variety; without points of prominence and striking
interest.
A large part of the work is, to me, very flat.
Coleridge.
4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as,
fruit or drink flat to the taste.
5. Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point
or spirit; monotonous; as, a flat speech or
composition.
How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable
Seem to me all the uses of this world.
Shak.
6. Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and
dealings; depressed; dull; as, the market is
flat.
7. Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute;
positive; downright.
Flat burglary as ever was committed.
Shak.
A great tobacco taker too, -- that's flat.
Marston.
8. (Mus.) (a) Below the true
pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half
step; as, a flat seventh; A
flat. (b) Not sharp or shrill;
not acute; as, a flat sound.
9. (Phonetics) Sonant; vocal; -- applied
to any one of the sonant or vocal consonants, as distinguished
from a nonsonant (or sharp) consonant.
Flat arch. (Arch.) See under
Arch, n., 2. (b). -- Flat
cap, cap paper, not folded. See under
Paper. -- Flat chasing, in fine art
metal working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing
figures by dots and lines made with a punching tool.
Knight. -- Flat chisel, a sculptor's
chisel for smoothing. -- Flat file, a file
wider than its thickness, and of rectangular section. See
File. -- Flat nail, a small,
sharp-pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than
a tack. Knight. -- Flat paper, paper
which has not been folded. -- Flat rail, a
railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a
longitudinal sleeper. -- Flat rods
(Mining), horizontal or inclined connecting rods,
for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance.
Raymond. -- Flat rope, a rope made by
plaiting instead of twisting; gasket; sennit. Some
flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by sewing
together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band.
Knight. -- Flat space. (Geom.)
See Euclidian space. -- Flat
stitch, the process of wood engraving.
[Obs.] -- Flat tint
(Painting), a coat of water color of one uniform
shade. -- To fall flat (Fig.),
to produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his
speech fell flat.
Of all who fell by saber or by shot,
Not one fell half so flat as Walter
Scott.
Lord Erskine.
Flat (?), adv. 1. In a
flat manner; directly; flatly.
Sin is flat opposite to the Almighty.
Herbert.
2. (Stock Exchange) Without allowance
for accrued interest. [Broker's Cant]
<-- p. 568 -->
Flat, n. 1. A level surface,
without elevation, relief, or prominences; an extended plain;
specifically, in the United States, a level tract along the along
the banks of a river; as, the Mohawk
Flats.
Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep
rising ground, than upon a flat.
Bacon.
<-- p. 568 -->
2. A level tract lying at little depth below the
surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the
tide; a shoal; a shallow; a strand.
Half my power, this night
Passing these flats, are taken by the tide.
Shak.
3. Something broad and flat in form; as:
(a) A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of
small draught. (b) A straw hat, broad-brimmed
and low-crowned. (c) (Railroad Mach.)
A car without a roof, the body of which is a platform
without sides; a platform car. (d) A platform
on wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are carried in
processions.
4. The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the
broad side of a blade, as distinguished from its edge.
5. (Arch.) A floor, loft, or story in a
building; especially, a floor of a house, which forms a complete
residence in itself<-- an apartment taking up a whole floor
-->.
6. (Mining) A horizontal vein or ore
deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also, any horizontal portion of
a vein not elsewhere horizontal.
Raymond.
7. A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull.
[Colloq.]
Or if you can not make a speech,
Because you are a flat.
Holmes.
8. (Mus.) A character [
9. (Geom.) A homaloid space or
extension.
Flat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flatted
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flatting
(?).] 1. To make flat; to
flatten; to level.
2. To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to
depress.
Passions are allayed, appetites are flatted.
Barrow.
3. To depress in tone, as a musical note;
especially, to lower in pitch by half a tone.
Flat, v. i. 1. To become flat,
or flattened; to sink or fal to an even surface.
Sir W. Temple.
2. (Mus.) To fall form the pitch.
To flat out, to fail from a promising
beginning; to make a bad ending; to disappoint expectations.
[Colloq.]<-- = to fall flat -->
Flat"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus
Flatyrynchus. They belong to the family of
flycatchers.
Flat"boat` (?), n. A boat with
a flat bottom and square ends; -- used for the transportation of
bulky freight, especially in shallow waters.
Flat"-bot`tomed (?), a. Having
an even lower surface or bottom; as, a flat-bottomed
boat.
Flat"-cap` (?), n. A kind of
low-crowned cap formerly worn by all classes in England, and
continued in London after disuse elsewhere; -- hence, a citizen
of London.
Marston.
Flat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the family
Pleuronectid\'91; esp., the winter flounder
(Pleuronectes Americanus). The flatfishes have the
body flattened, swim on the side, and have eyes on one side, as
the flounder, turbot, and halibut. See Flounder.
Flat" foot` (?). (Med.) A foot
in which the arch of the instep is flattened so that the entire
sole of the foot rests upon the ground; also, the deformity,
usually congential, exhibited by such a foot; splayfoot.
Flat"-foot`ed, a. 1. Having a
flat foot, with little or no arch of the instep.
2. Firm-footed; determined. [Slang,
U.S.]
<-- catch flat-footed = catch unprepared -->
Flat"head` (?), a.
Characterized by flatness of head, especially that produced
by artificial means, as a certain tribe of American
Indians.
Flat"head`, n. (Ethnol.) A
Chinook Indian. See Chinook, n., 1.
Flat"-heat`ed (?), a. Having a
head with a flattened top; as, a flat-headed
nail.
Flat"i`ron (?), n. An iron with
a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.
Fla"tive (?), a. [L.
flare, flatum to blow.]
Producing wind; flatulent. [Obs.]
A. Brewer.
Flat"ing (?), adv.
[Flat, a. + adverbial suff.
-ing.] With the flat side, as of a sword;
flatlong; in a prostrate position. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Flat"long (?); 115), adv. With
the flat side downward; not edgewise.
Shak.
Flat"ly, adv. In a flat manner; evenly;
horizontally; without spirit; dully; frigidly; peremptori;y;
positively, plainly. \'bdHe flatly refused his
aid.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
He that does the works of religion slowly, flatly,
and without appetite.
Jer. Taylor.
Flat"ness, n. 1. The quality or
state of being flat.
2. Eveness of surface; want of relief or
prominence; the state of being plane or level.
3. Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration;
dejection; depression.
4. Want of variety or flavor; dullness;
inspidity.
5. Depression of tone; the state of being below the
true pitch; -- opposed to sharpness or
acuteness.
Fla*tour" (?), n. [OF.]
A flatterer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flat"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flattened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flattening.] [From Flat,
a.] 1. To reduce to an even
surface or one approaching evenness; to make flat; to level; to
make plane.
2. To throw down; to bring to the ground; to
prostrate; hence, to depress; to deject; to dispirit.
3. To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.
4. (Mus.) To lower the pitch of; to
cause to sound less sharp; to let fall from the pitch.
To flatten a sail (Naut.), to set
it more nearly fore-and-aft of the vessel. --
Flattening oven, in glass making, a heated chamber
in which split glass cylinders are flattened for window
glass.
Flat"ten, v. i. To become or grow flat,
even, depressed dull, vapid, spiritless, or depressed below
pitch.
Flat"ter (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, makes flat or flattens.
2. (Metal Working) (a) A
flat-faced fulling hammer. (b) A drawplate
with a narrow, rectangular orifice, for drawing flat strips, as
watch springs, etc.
Flat"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flattering.] [OE. flateren,
cf. OD. flatteren; akin to G. flattern to
flutter, Icel. fla/ra to fawn, flatter: cf. F.
flatter. Cf. Flitter, Flutter,
Flattery.] 1. To treat with praise
or blandishments; to gratify or attempt to gratify the self-love
or vanity of, esp. by artful and interested commendation or
attentions; to blandish; to cajole; to wheedle.
When I tell him he hates flatterers,
He says he does, being then most flattered.
Shak.
A man that flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net
for his feet.
Prov. xxix. 5.
Others he flattered by asking their advice.
Prescott.
2. To raise hopes in; to encourage or favorable,
but sometimes unfounded or deceitful, representations.
3. To portray too favorably; to give a too
favorable idea of; as, his portrait flatters
him.
Flat"ter, v. i. To use flattery or
insincere praise.
If it may stand him more in stead to lie,
Say and unsay, feign, flatter, or adjure.
Milton.
Flat"ter*er (?), n. One who
flatters.
The most abject flaterers degenerate into the
greatest tyrants.
Addison.
Flat"ter*ing, a. That flatters (in the
various senses of the verb); as, a flattering
speech.
Lay not that flattering unction to your soul.
Shak.
A flattering painter, who made it his care,
To draw men as they ought be, not as they are.
Goldsmith.
Flat"ter*ing*ly, adv. With
flattery.
Flat"ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Flatteries (#). [OE.
flaterie, OF. flaterie, F.
flaterie, fr. flater to flatter, F.
flatter; of uncertain origin. See Flatter,
v. t.] The act or practice of flattering;
the act of pleasing by artiful commendation or compliments;
adulation; false, insincere, or excessive praise.
Just praise is only a debt, but flattery is a
present.
Rambler.
Flattery corrupts both the receiver and the
giver.
Burke.
Syn. -- Adulation; compliment; obsequiousness. See
Adulation.
Flat"ting (?), n. 1.
The process or operation of making flat, as a cylinder of
glass by opening it out.
2. A mode of painting,in which the paint, being
mixed with turpentine, leaves the work without gloss.
Gwilt.
3. A method of preserving gilding unburnished, by
touching with size.
Knolles.
4. The process of forming metal into sheets by
passing it between rolls.
Flatting coat, a coat of paint so put on as to
have no gloss. -- Flatting furnace. Same as
Flattening oven, under Flatten. --
Flatting mill. (a) A rolling mill
producing sheet metal; esp., in mints, the ribbon from which the
planchets are punched. (b) A mill in which
grains of metal are flatted by steel rolls, and reduced to
metallic dust, used for purposes of ornamentation.
Flat"tish (?), a. Somewhat
flat.
Woodward.
{ Flat"u*lence (?), Flat"*len*cy
(?) }, n. [Cf. F.
flatulence.] The state or quality of being
flatulent.
Flat"u*lent (?), a. [L.
flatus a blowing, flatus ventris windiness,
flatulence, fr. flare to blow: cf. F.
flatulent. See Blow.] 1.
Affected with flatus or gases generated in the alimentary
canal; windy.
2. Generating, or tending to generate, wind in the
stomach.
Vegetables abound more with a\'89rial particles than animal
substances, and therefore are more flatulent.
Arbuthnot.
3. Turgid with flatus; as, a flatulent
tumor.
Quincy.
4. Pretentious without substance or reality; puffy;
empty; vain; as, a flatulent vanity.
He is too flatulent sometimes, and sometimes too
dry.
Dryden.
Flat"u*lent*ly, adv. In a flatulent
manner; with flatulence.
Flat`u*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
flatuosit\'82.] Flatulence.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Flat"u*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
flatueux.] Windy; generating wind.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
\'d8Fla"tus (?), n.; pl. E.
Flatuses (#), L. Flatus.
[L., fr. flare to blow.] 1. A
breath; a puff of wind.
Clarke.
2. Wind or gas generated in the stomach or other
cavities of the body.
Quincy.
Flat"wise` (?), a.
With the flat side downward, or next to another object; not
edgewise.
Flat"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any worm belonging to the
Plathelminthes; also, sometimes applied to the planarians.
Flaun"drish (? , a.
Flemish. [Obs.]
Flaunt (? , v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flaunted; p.
pr. & vb. n.. Flaunting.] [Cf.
dial. G. flandern to flutter, wave; perh. akin to E.
flatter, flutter.] To throw or
spread out; to flutter; to move ostentatiously; as, a
flaunting show.
You flaunt about the streets in your new gilt
chariot.
Arbuthnot.
One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade.
Pope.
Flaunt, v. t. To display ostentatiously;
to make an impudent show of.
Flaunt, n. Anything displayed for
show. [Obs.]
In these my borrowed flaunts.
Shak.
Flaunt"ing*ly, adv. In a flaunting
way.
Flau"tist (?), n. [It.
flauto a flute See Flute.] A
player on the flute; a flutist.
\'d8Flau"to (?), n. [It.]
A flute.
Flaute piccolo (/) [It., little
flute], an octave flute. -- Flauto
traverso (/) [It., transverse flute],
the German flute, held laterally, instead of being played,
like the old fl\'96te a bec, with a mouth piece at the
end.
Fla*van"i*line (? , n.
[L. flavus yellow + E. aniline.]
(Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, organic dyestuff,
C16H14N2, of artifical production. It is a
strong base, and is a complex derivative of aniline and
quinoline.
Fla*ves"cent (?), a. [L.
flavescens, p.pr. of flavescere to turn
yellow.] Turning yellow; yellowish.
Fla*vic"o*mous (?), a. [L.
flavicomus; flavus yellow + coma
hair.] Having yellow hair. [R.]
Fla"vin (?), n. [L.
flavus yellow.] (Chem.) A
yellow, vegetable dyestuff, resembling quercitron.
Fla"vine (?; 104), n.
(Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, organic base,
C13H12N2O, obtained artificially.
Fla"vol (?), n. [L.
flavus yellow + -oil.]
(Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, obtained
from anthraquinone, and regarded as a hydroxyl derivative of
it.
Fla"vor (?), n. [OF.
fleur, flaur (two syllables), odor, cf. F.
fleurer to emit an odor, It. flatore a bad
odor, prob. fr. L. flare to bow, whence the sense of
exhalation. Cf. Blow.] [Written
also flavour.] 1. That quality
of anything which affects the smell; odor; fragrances; as,
the flavor of a rose.
2. That quality of anything which affects the
taste; that quality which gratifies the palate; relish; zest;
savor; as, the flavor of food or drink.
3. That which imparts to anything a peculiar odor
or taste, gratifying to the sense of smell, or the nicer
perceptions of the palate; a substance which flavors.
4. That quality which gives character to any of the
productions of literature or the fine arts.
Fla"vor, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flavored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flavoring.] To give flavor to;
to add something (as salt or a spice) to, to give character or
zest.
Fla"vored (?), a. Having a
distinct flavor; as, high-flavored wine.
Fla"vor*les (?), a. Without
flavor; tasteless.
Fla"vor*ous (?), a. Imparting
flavor; pleasant to the taste or smell; sapid.
Dryden.
Fla"vous (?), a. [L.
flavus.] Yellow. [Obs.]
Flaw (?), n. [OE.
flai, flaw flake; cf. Sw. flaga
flaw, crack, breach, flake, D. vlaag gust of wind,
Norw. flage, flaag, and E. flag
a flat stone.] 1. A crack or breach; a gap or
fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion; as, a
flaw in a knife or a vase.
This heart
Shall break into a hundered thousand flaws.
Shak.
2. A defect; a fault; as, a flaw in
reputation; a flaw in a will, in a deed, or in a
statute.
Has not this also its flaws and its dark side?
South.
3. A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult;
uproar; a quarrel. [Obs.]
And deluges of armies from the town
Came pouring in; I heard the mighty flaw.
Dryden.
4. A sudden burst or gust of wind of short
duration.
Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and flaw.
Milton.
Like flaws in summer laying lusty corn.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Blemish; fault; imoerfection; spot; speck.
Flaw, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flawing.] 1. To crack; to make
flaws in.
The brazen caldrons with the frosts are flawed.
Dryden.
2. To break; to violate; to make of no
effect. [Obs.]
France hath flawed the league.
Shak.
Flaw"less, a. Free from flaws.
Boyle.
Flawn (?), n. [OF.
flaon, F. flan, LL. flado, fr.
OHG. flado, G. fladen, a sort of pancake;
cf. Gr. / broad. See Place.] A sort of flat
custard or pie. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Flaw"ter (?), v. t. [Cf.
Flay.] To scrape o/ pare, as a skin.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Flaw"y (?), a. 1. Full
of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty.
Johnson.
2. Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind.
Flax (?), n. [AS.
fleax; akin to D. vlas, OHG.
flahs, G. flachs, and prob. to
flechten to braid, plait,m twist, L.
plectere to weave, plicare to fold, Gr. /
to weave, plait. See Ply.] 1.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Linum,
esp. the L. usitatissimum, which has a single, slender
stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue flowers. The fiber
of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called
linen, cambric, lawn,
lace, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from the
seed.
2. The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when
broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing.
Earth flax (Min.), amianthus.
-- Flax brake, a machine for removing the woody
portion of flax from the fibrous. -- Flax comb,
a hatchel, hackle, or heckle. -- Flax cotton,
the fiber of flax, reduced by steeping in bicarbinate of soda
and acidulated liquids, and prepared for bleaching and spinning
like cotton. Knight. -- Flax dresser,
one who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it for the
spinner. -- Flax mill, a mill or factory
where flax is spun or linen manufactured. -- Flax
puller, a machine for pulling flax plants in the
field. -- Flax wench. (a) A woman
who spins flax. [Obs.] (b) A
prostitute. [Obs.] Shak. --
Mountain flax (Min.), amianthus.
-- New Zealand flax (Bot.) See
Flax-plant.
Flax"en (?), a. Made of flax;
resembling flax or its fibers; of the color of flax; of a light
soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax or tow; as,
flaxen thread; flaxen hair.
Flax"-plant` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant in new Zealand (Phormium
tenax), allied to the lilies and aloes. The leaves are two
inches wide and several feet long, and furnish a fiber which is
used for making ropes, mats, and coarse cloth.
Flax"seed` (?), n. The seed of
the flax; linseed.
Flax"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
See Toadflax.
Flax"y (?), a. Like flax;
flaxen.
Sir M. Sandys.
Flay (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flayed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Flaying.]
[OE. flean, flan, AS.
fle\'a0n; akin to D. vlaen, Icel.
fl\'be, Sw. fl\'86, Dan. flaae,
cf. Lith. ples/ to tear, plyszti, v.i.,
to burst tear; perh. akin to E. flag to flat stone,
flaw.] To skin; to strip off the skin or
surface of; as, to flay an ox; to flay the
green earth.
With her nails
She 'll flay thy wolfish visage.
Shak.
<-- p. 569 -->
Flay"er (?), n. One who strips
off the skin.
Flea (?), v. t. [See
Flay.] To flay. [Obs.]
He will be fleaced first
And horse collars made of's skin.
J. Fletcher.
Flea, n. [OE. fle,
flee, AS. fle\'a0, fle\'a0h;
akin to D. /, OHG. fl/h, G. floh, Icel.
fl/, Russ. blocha; prob. from the root of
E. flee. / 84. See Flee.]
(Zo\'94l.) An insect belonging to the genus
Pulex, of the order Aphaniptera. Fleas are destitute of wings,
but have the power of leaping energetically. The bite is
poisonous to most persons. The human flea (Pulex
irritans), abundant in Europe, is rare in America, where
the dog flea (P. canis) takes its place. See
Aphaniptera, and Dog flea. See
Illustration in Appendix.
A flea in the ear, an unwelcome hint or
unexpected reply, annoying like a flea; an irritating repulse;
as, to put a flea in one's ear; to go away with a
flea in one's ear. -- Beach flea,
Black flea, etc. See under Beach,
etc.
Flea"bane` (?), n. (Bot.)
One of various plants, supposed to have efficacy in driving
away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the genera
Conyza, Erigeron, and
Pulicaria.
Flea"-bee`tle (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small beetle of the family
Halticid\'91, of many species. They have strong
posterior legs and leap like fleas. The turnip flea-beetle
(Phyllotreta vittata) and that of the grapevine
(Graptodera chalybea) are common injurious
species.
Flea"-bite` (?), n. 1.
The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the
bite.
2. A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite
of a flea.
Harvey.
Flea"-bit`ten (?), a. 1.
Bitten by a flea; as, a flea-bitten
face.
2. White, flecked with minute dots of bay or
sorrel; -- said of the color of a horse.
Fleagh (?), obs.
imp. of Fly.
Fleak (?), n. A flake; a thread
or twist. [Obs.]
Little long fleaks or threads of hemp.
Dr. H. More.
Fleak"ing, n. A light covering of reeds,
over which the main covering is laid, in thatching houses.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Flea"-louse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A jumping plant louse of the family
Psyllid\'91, of many species. That of the pear tree is
Psylla pyri.
Fleam (?), n. [F.
flamme, OF. flieme, fr. LL.
flevotomum, phlebotomum; cf. D.
vlijm. See Phlebotomy.] (Surg. &
Far.) A sharp instrument used for opening veins,
lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.
Fleam tooth, a tooth of a saw shaped like an
isosceles triangle; a peg tooth.
Knight.
Fleam"y (?), a. Bloody;
clotted. [Obs. or Prov.]
Foamy bubbling of a fleamy brain.
Marston.
Flear (?), v. t. & i. See
Fleer.
Flea"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
An herb used in medicine (Plantago Psyllium),
named from the shape of its seeds.
Loudon.
\'d8Fl\'8ache (?), n. [F.
fl\'8ache, prop., an arrow.] (Fort.)
A simple fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a
salient angle pointing outward and open at the gorge.
Fleck (?), n. A flake; also, a
lock, as of wool. [Obs.]
J. Martin.
Fleck (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
flekkr; akin to Sw. fl\'84ck, D.
vlek, G. fleck, and perh. to E.
flitch.] A spot; a streak; a speckle.
\'bdA sunny fleck.\'b8
Longfellow.
Life is dashed with flecks of sin.
tennyson.
Fleck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flecked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flecking.] [Cf. Icel.
flekka, Sw. fl\'84cka, D.
vlekken, vlakken, G. flecken.
See Fleck, n.] To spot; to streak
or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.
Both flecked with white, the true Arcadian
strain.
Dryden.
A bird, a cloud, flecking the sunny air.
Trench.
Fleck"er (?), v. t. To
fleck.
Johnson.
Fleck"less, a. Without spot or
blame. [R.]
My consnience will not count me fleckless.
Tennyson.
Flec"tion (?), n. [See
Flexion.] 1. The act of bending, or
state of being bent.
2. The variation of words by declension,
comparison, or conjugation; inflection.
Flec"tion*al (?), a. Capable
of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.
A flectional word is a phrase in the bud.
Earle.
Flec"tor (?), n. A
flexor.
Fled (?), imp. & p. p. of
Flee.
Fledge (?), a. [OE.
flegge, flygge; akin to D. vlug,
G. fl\'81gge, fl\'81cke, OHG.
flucchi, Icel. fleygr, and to E.
fly. / 84. See Fly, v. i.]
Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to
fly.
H/ shoulders, fledge with wings.
Milton.
Fledge, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Fledged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fledging.] 1. To
furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary for
flight.
The birds were not as yet fledged enough to shift
for themselves.
L'Estrange.
2. To furnish or adorn with any soft
covering.
Your master, whose chin is not yet fledged.
Shak.
Fledge"ling (?), n. A young
bird just fledged.
Flee (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fleeing.]
[OE. fleon, fleen, AS.
fle\'a2n (imperf. fle\'a0h);
akin to D. vlieden, OHG. & OS.
fliohan, G. fliehen, Icel.
fl/ja (imperf. fl//i), Dan.
flye, Sw. fly (imperf. flydde),
Goth. pliuhan. (/) 84. Cf. Flight.]
To run away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed
or cowardly manner; to hasten off; -- usually with
from. This is sometimes omitted, making the verb
transitive.
[He] cowardly fled, not having struck one
stroke.
Shak.
Flee fornication.
1 Cor. vi. 18.
So fled his enemies my warlike father.
Shak.
fly, not flee; as, fly hence to
France with the utmost speed. \'bdWhither shall I fly
to 'scape their hands?\'b8 Shak. See Fly,
v. i., 5.
Fleece (?), n. [OE.
flees, AS. fle\'a2s; akin to D.
flies, vlies .] 1. The
entire coat of wood that covers a sheep or other similar animal;
also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one
time.
Who shore me
Like a tame wether, all my precious fleece.
Milton.
2. Any soft woolly covering resembling a
fleece.
3. (Manuf.) The fine web of cotton or
wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding
machine.
Fleece wool, wool shorn from the sheep.
-- Golden fleece. See under
Golden.
Fleece, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fleeced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fleecing.] 1. To
deprive of a fleece, or natural covering of wool.
2. To strip of money or other property unjustly,
especially by trickery or frand; to bring to straits by
oppressions and exactions.
Whilst pope and prince shared the wool betwixt them, the
people were finely fleeced.
Fuller.
3. To spread over as with wool.
[R.]
Thomson.
Fleeced (?), a. 1.
Furnished with a fleece; as, a sheep is well
fleeced.
Spenser.
2. Stripped of a fleece; plundered; robbed.
Fleece"less (?), a. Without a
fleece.
Flee"cer (?), n. One who
fleeces or strips unjustly, especially by trickery or
fraund.
Prynne.
Flee"cy (?), a. Covered with,
made of, or resembling, a fleece. \'bdFleecy
flocks.\'b8
Prior.
Fleen (?), n. pl. Obs.
pl. of Flea.
Chaucer.
Fle"er (?), n. One who
flees.
Ld. Berners.
Fleer (?), [imp. & p. p.
Fleered (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fleering.] [OE. flerien; cf.
Scot. fleyr, Norw. flira to titter, giggle,
laugh at nothing, MHG. vlerre, vlarre, a
wide wound.] 1. To make a wry face in
contempt, or to grin in scorn; to deride; to sneer; to mock; to
gibe; as, to fleer and flout.
To fleer and scorn at our solemnity.
Shak.
2. To grin with an air of civility; to leer.
[Obs.]
Grinning and fleering as though they went to a bear
baiting.
Latimer.
Fleer, v. t. To mock; to flout at.
Beau. & Fl.
Flear, n. 1. A word or look of
derision or mockery.
And mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable
scorn.
Shak.
2. A grin of civility; a leer.
[Obs.]
A sly, treacherous fleer on the face of
deceivers.
South.
Fleer"er (?), n. One who
fleers.
Beau. & Fl.
Fleer"ing*ly, adv. In a fleering
manner.
Fleet (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fleeted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Fleeting.] [OE.
fleten, fleoten, to swim, AS.
fle\'a2tan to swim, float; akin to D.
vlieten to flow, OS. fliotan, OHG.
fliozzan, G. fliessen, Icel.
flj to float, flow, Sw. flyta, D.
flyde, L. pluere to rain, Gr. / to sail,
swim, float, Skr. plu to swim, sail. Fleet, n. & a., Float,
Pluvial, Flow.] 1. To sail;
to float. [Obs.]
And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth fleet.
Spenser.
2. To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten;
to flit as a light substance.
All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . .
Dissolved on earth, fleet hither.
Milton.
3. (Naut.) To slip on the whelps or the
barrel of a capstan or windlass; -- said of a cable or
hawser.
Fleet, v. t. 1. To pass over
rapidly; to skin the surface of; as, a ship that
fleets the gulf.
Spenser.
2. To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or
in mirth and joy.
Many young gentlemen flock to him, and fleet the
time carelessly.
Shak.
3. (Naut.) (a) To draw apart
the blocks of; -- said of a tackle.
Totten.
(b) To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan
or windlass, as a rope or chain.
Fleet, a. [Compar.
Fleeter (?); superl.
Fleetest.] [Cf. Icel.
flj/tr quick. See Fleet, v.
i.] 1. Swift in motion; moving with
velocity; light and quick in going from place to place;
nimble.
In mail their horses clad, yet fleet and
strong.
Milton.
2. Light; superficially thin; not penetring deep,
as soil. [Prov. Eng.]
Mortimer.
Fleet, n. [OE. flete,
fleote, AS. fle\'a2t ship, fr.
fle\'a2tan to float, swim. See Fleet, v.
i. and cf. Float.] A number of vessels
in company, especially war vessels; also, the collective naval
force of a country, etc.
Fleet captain, the senior aid of the admiral
of a fleet, when a captain.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Fleet, n. [AS. fle\'a2t a
place where vessels float, bay, river; akin to D.
vliet rill, brook, G. fliess. See
Fleet, v. i.] 1. A flood;
a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete, except
as a place name, -- as Fleet Street in London.
Together wove we nets to entrap the fish
In floods and sedgy fleets.
Matthewes.
2. A former prison in London, which originally
stood near a stream, the Fleet (now filled up).
Fleet parson, a clergyman of low character,
in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready to
unite persons in marriage (called Fleet marriage) at
any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or consent of
parents.
Fleet (?), v. t. [AS.
fl cream, fr. fle\'a2tan to float.
See Fleet, v. i.] To take the
cream from; to skim. [Prov. Eng.]
Johnson.
Fleet"en (?), n. Fleeted or
skimmed milk. [Obs.]
Fleeten face, a face of the color of fleeten,
i. e., blanched; hence, a coward. \'bdYou know where you
are, you fleeten face.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Fleet"-foot` (?), a. Swift of
foot.
Shak.
Fleet"ing, a. Passing swiftly away; not
durable; transient; transitory; as, the fleeting
hours or moments.
Syn. -- Evanescent; ephemeral. See Transient.
Fleet"ing*ly, adv. In a fleeting manner;
swiftly.
Fleet"ings (?), n. pl. A
mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds. [prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Fleet"ly, adv. In a fleet manner;
rapidly.
Fleet"ness, n. Swiftness; rapidity;
velocity; celerity; speed; as, the fleetness of a
horse or of time.
Fleigh (?), obs.
imp. of Fly.
Chaucer.
Fleme (?), v. t. [AS.
fl, fl.] To
banish; to drive out; to expel. [Obs.]
\'bdAppetite flemeth discretion.\'b8
Chaucer.
Flem"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, banishes or expels. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flem"ing (?), n. A native or
inhabitant of Flanders.
Flem"ish (?), a. Pertaining to
Flanders, or the Flemings. -- n. The
language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively,
the people of Flanders.
Flemish accounts (Naut.), short or
deficient accounts. [Humorous]Ham. Nav.
Encyc. -- Flemish beauty (Bot.), a
well known pear. It is one of few kinds which have a red color on
one side. -- Flemish bond. (Arch.)
See Bond, n., 8. -- Flemish
brick, a hard yellow paving brick. -- Flemish
coil, a flat coil of rope with the end in the center
and the turns lying against, without riding over, each
other. -- Flemish eye (Naut.), an
eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and lying
them over each other. -- Flemish horse
(Naut.), an additional footrope at the end of a
yard.
Flench (?), v. t. Same as
Flence.
Flense (?), v. t. [Cf. Dan.
flense, D. vlensen, vlenzen,
Scot. flinch.] To strip the blubber or skin
from, as from a whale, seal, etc.
the flensed carcass of a fur seal.
U. S. Census (1880).
Flesh (?), n. [OE.
flesch, flesc, AS. fl/sc; akin
to OFries. fl\'besk, D. vleesch, OS.
fl/sk, OHG. fleisc, G.
fleisch, Icel. & Dan. flesk lard, bacon,
pork, Sw. fl\'84sk.] 1. The
aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover the
framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the
muscles.
, but contains in adition a large number of
crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin,
carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.
2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable;
meat; especially, the body of beasts and birds used as food, as
distinguished from fish.
With roasted flesh, or milk, and wastel bread.
Chaucer.
3. The human body, as distinguished from the soul;
the corporeal person.
As if this flesh, which walls about our life,
Were brass impregnable.
Shak.
4. The human eace; mankind; humanity.
All flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth.
Gen. vi. 12.
5. Human nature: (a) In a good
sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness.
There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart.
Cowper.
(b) In a bad sense, tendency to transient or
physical pleasure; desire for sensual gratification;
carnality. (c) (Theol.) The
character under the influence of animal propensities or selfish
passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences.
6. Kindred; stock; race.
He is our brother and our flesh.
Gen. xxxvii. 27.
7. The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that
part of a root, fruit, and the like, which is fit to be
eaten.
Flesh is often used adjectively or
self-explaining compounds; as, flesh broth or
flesh-broth; flesh brush or
fleshbrush; flesh tint or
flesh-tint; flesh wound.
After the flesh, after the manner of man; in a
gross or earthly manner. \'bdYe judge after the
flesh.\'b8 John viii. 15. -- An arm of
flesh, human strength or aid. -- Flesh and
blood. See under Blood. -- Flesh
broth, broth made by boiling flesh in water. --
Flesh fly (Zo\'94l.), one of several
species of flies whose larv\'91 or maggots feed upon flesh, as
the bluebottle fly; -- called also meat fly,
carrion fly, and blowfly.
See Blowly. -- Flesh meat, animal
food. Swift. -- Flesh side, the side
of a skin or hide which was next to the flesh; -- opposed to
grain side. -- Flesh tint
(Painting), a color used in painting to imitate
the hue of the living body. -- Flesh worm
(Zo\'94l.), any insect larva of a flesh fly. See
Flesh fly (above). -- Proud flesh.
See under Proud. -- To be one flesh,
to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one
person. Gen. ii. 24.
Flesh, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fleshed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fleshing.] 1. To feed
with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate; --
from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with
the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon
flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for
the first time.
Full bravely hast thou fleshed
Thy maiden sword.
Shak.
The wild dog
Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent.
Shak.
2. To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to
accustom. \'bdFleshed in triumphs.\'b8
Glanvill.
Old soldiers
Fleshed in the spoils of Germany and France.
Beau. & Fl.
3. (Leather Manufacture) To remove
flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.
<-- p. 570 -->
Fleshed (?), a. 1.
Corpulent; fat; having flesh.
2. Glutted; satiated; initiated.
Fleshed with slaughter.
Dryden.
Flesh"er (?), n. 1. A
butcher.
A flesher on a block had laid his whittle down.
Macaulay.
2. A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for
scraping hides; a fleshing knife.
Flesh"hood (?), n. The state or
condition of having a form of flesh; incarnation.
[R.]
Thou, who hast thyself
Endured this fleshhood.
Mrs. Browning.
Flesh"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence; grossness.
Milton.
Flesh"ings (?), n. pl.
Flesh-colored tights, worn by actors dancers.
D. Jerrold.
Flesh"less, a. Destitute of flesh;
lean.
Carlyle.
Flesh"li*ness (?), n. The state
of being fleshly; carnal passions and appetites.
Spenser.
Flesh"ing (?), n. A person
devoted to fleshly things. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Flesh"ly (?), a. [AS.
/.] 1. Of or pertaining to the flesh;
corporeal. \'bdFleshly bondage.\'b8
Denham.
2. Animal; not/vegetable.
Dryden.
3. Human; not celestial; not spiritual or
divine. \'bdFleshly wisdom.\'b8
2 Cor. i. 12.
Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm
And fragile arms.
Milton.
4. Carnal; wordly; lascivious.
Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul.
1 Pet. ii. 11.
Flesh"ly, adv. In a fleshly manner;
carnally; lasciviously. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flesh"ment (?), n. The act of
fleshing, or the excitement attending a successful
beginning. [R.]
Shak.
Flesh"mon`ger (?), n. [AS.
/ mangere.] One who deals in flesh;
hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander. [R.]
Shak.
Flesh"pot` (?), n. A pot or
vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence
(pl.), plenty; high living.
In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the fleshpots,
and . . . did eat bread to the full.
Ex. xvi. 3.
Flesh"quake` (?), n. A quaking
or trembling of the flesh; a quiver. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Flesh"y (?), a.
[Compar. Fleshier (?);
superl. Fleshiest (?).]
1. Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump;
corpulent; fat; gross.
The sole of his foot is fleshy.
Ray.
2. Human. [Obs.]
\'bdFleshy tabernacle.\'b8
Milton.
3. (Bot.) Composed of firm pulp;
succulent; as, the houseleek, cactus, and agave are
fleshy plants.
Flet (?), p. p. of
Fleet. Skimmed. [Obs.]
Fletch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fletched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fletching.] [F. fl\'8ache
arrow.] To feather, as an arrow.
Bp. Warburton.
[Congress] fletched their complaint, by adding:
\'bdAmerica loved his brother.\'b8
Bancroft.
Fletch"er (?), n. [OF.
flechier.] One who fletches of feathers
arrows; a manufacturer of bows and arrows.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Flete (?), v. i. [See
Fleet, v. i.] To float; to
swim. [Obs.] \'bdWhether I sink or
flete.\'b8
Chaucer.
Fle*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
fletifer; fletus a weeping (from
flere, fletum, to weep) + ferre
to bear.] Producing tears. [Obs.]
Blount.
\'d8Fleur`-de-lis` (?), n.; pl.
Fleurs-de-lis (#). [F., flower of
the lily. Cf. Flower-de-luce, Lily.]
1. (Bot.) The iris. See
Flower-de-luce.
2. A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and
having a form which fits it for the terminal decoration of a
scepter, the ornaments of a crown, etc. It is also a heraldic
bearing, and is identified with the royal arms and adornments of
France.
Fleur"y (?), a. [F.
fleuri covered with flowers, p.p. of
fleurir. See Flourish.]
(Her.) Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis;
-- said esp. a cross so decorated.
Flew (?), imp. of
Fly.
Flewed (?), a. Having large
flews.
Shak.
Flews (?), n. pl. The pendulous
or overhanging lateral parts of the upper lip of dogs, especially
prominent in hounds; -- called also chaps. See
Illust. of Bloodhound.
Flex (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flexed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Flexing.]
[L. flexus, p.p. of flectere to bend,
perh. flectere and akin to falx sickle, E.
falchion. Cf. Flinch.] To bend;
as, to flex the arm.
Flex, n. Flax. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flex*an"i*mous (?), a. [L.
flexanimus; flectere, flexum, to
bend + animus mind.] Having power to change
the mind. [Obs.]
Howell.
Flex`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
flexibilitas: cf. F. flexibilite.]
The state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness;
pliancy; pliability; as, the flexibility of strips
of hemlock, hickory, whalebone or metal, or of rays of
light.
Sir I. Newton.
All the flexibility of a veteran courtier.
Macaulay.
Flex"i*ble (?), a. [L.
flexibilis: cf. F. flexible.]
1. Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of
being turned, bowed, or twisted, without breaking; pliable;
yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.
When the splitting wind
Makes flexible the knees of knotted oaks.
Shak.
2. Willing or ready to yield to the influence of
others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable;
ductile; easy and compliant; wavering.
Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways
flexible to the will of the people.
Bacon.
Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible.
Shak.
3. Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,;
as, a flexible language.
This was a principle more flexible to their
purpose.
Rogers.
Syn. -- Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable;
ductile; obsequious; inconstant; wavering.
-- Flex"i*ble*ness, n. --
Flex"i*bly, adv.
Flex`i*cos"tate (?), a. [L.
flexus bent + E. costate.]
(Anat.) Having bent or curved ribs.
Flex"ile (?), a. [L.
flexilis.] Flexible; pliant; pliable;
easily bent; plastic; tractable.
Wordsworth.
Flex"ion (?), n. [L.
flexio: cf. F. flexion.] 1.
The act of flexing or bending; a turning.
2. A bending; a part bent; a fold.
Bacon.
3. (Gram.) Syntactical change of form of
words, as by declension or conjugation; inflection.
Express the syntactical relations by flexion.
Sir W. Hamilton.
4. (Physiol.) The bending of a limb or
joint; that motion of a joint which gives the distal member a
continually decreasing angle with the axis of the proximal part;
-- distinguished from extension.
Flex"or (?), n. [NL.]
(Anat.) A muscle which bends or flexes any part;
as, the flexors of the arm or the hand; --
opposed to extensor.
Flex"u*ose` (?; 135), a.
Flexuous.
Flex"u*ous (?), a. [L.
flexuosus, fr. flexus a bending,
turning.] 1. Having turns, windings, or
flexures.
2. (Bot.) Having alternate curvatures in
opposite directions; bent in a zigzag manner.
3. Wavering; not steady; flickering.
Bacon.
Flex"u*ral (?), a. [From
Flexure.] Of, pertaining to, or resulting
from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure;
as, flexural elasticity.
Flex"ure (?; 135), n. [L.
flexura.] 1. The act of flexing or
bending; a turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing
or bending.
Will it give place to flexure and low bending?
Shak.
2. A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.
Varying with the flexures of the valley through
which it meandered.
British Quart. Rev.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The last joint, or bend,
of the wing of a bird.
4. (Astron.) The small distortion of an
astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the
amount to be added or substracted from the observed readings of
the instrument to correct them for this distortion.
The flexure of a curve (Math.), the
bending of a curve towards or from a straight line.
Flib"ber*gib (?), n. A
sycophant. [Obs. & Humorous.] \'bdFlatterers
and flibbergibs.\'b8
Latimer.
Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet (?), n. An
imp.
Shak.
\'d8Fli`bus`tier" (?), n.
[F.] A buccaneer; an American pirate. See
Flibuster. [Obs.]
Flick (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flicked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flicking.] [Cf.
Flicker.] To whip lightly or with a quick
jerk; to flap; as, to flick a horse; to
flick the dirt from boots.
Thackeray.
Flick, n. A flitch; as, a
flick of bacon.
Flick"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flickered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flickering.] [OE. flikeren,
flekeren, to flutter, AS. flicerian,
flicorian, cf. D. flikkeren to sparkle. /
84. Cf. Flacker.] 1. To flutter;
to flap the wings without flying.
And flickering on her nest made short essays to
sing.
Dryden.
2. To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current
of air, or when about to expire; as, the flickering
light.
The shadows flicker to fro.
Tennyson.
Flick"er, n. 1. The act of
wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden and brief increase
of brightness; as, the last flicker of the dying
flame.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The golden-winged
woodpecker (Colaptes aurutus); -- so called from its
spring note. Called also yellow-hammer,
high-holder, pigeon
woodpecker, and yucca.
The cackle of the flicker among the oaks.
Thoureau.
Flick"ering*ly, adv. In a flickering
manner.
Flick"er*mouse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Flittermouse.
Flidge (?), a. Fledged;
fledge. [Obs.]
Holland.
Flidge, v. i. To become fledged; to
fledge. [Obs.]
Every day build their nests, every hour flidge.
R. Greene.
Fli"er (?), n. [Form
Fly, v.; cf. Flyer]
1. One who flies or flees; a runaway; a
fugitive.
Shak.
2. (Mach.) A fly. See Fly,
n., 9, and 13 (b).
3. (Spinning) See Flyer,
n., 5.
4. (Arch.) See Flyer,
n., 4.
Flight (?), n. [AS.
fliht, flyht, a flying, fr.
fle\'a2gan to fly; cf. flyht a fleeing, fr.
fle\'a2n to flee, G. flucht a fleeing, Sw.
flykt, G. flug a flying, Sw.
flygt, D. vlugt a fleeing or flying, Dan.
flugt. Flee,
Fly.] 1. The act or flying; a
passing through the air by the help of wings; volitation; mode or
style of flying.
Like the night owl's lazy flight.
Shak.
2. The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to
escape or expected evil; hasty departure.
Pray ye that your flight be not in the winter.
Matt. xxiv. 20.
Fain by flight to save themselves.
Shak.
3. Lofty elevation and excursion;a mounting; a
soa/ing; as, a flight of imagination, ambition,
folly.
Could he have kept his spirit to that flight,
He had been happy.
Byron.
His highest flights were indeed far below those of
Taylor.
Macaulay.
4. A number of beings or things passing through the
air together; especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the
birds that fly or migrate together; the birds produced in one
season; as, a flight of arrows.
Swift.
Swift flights of angels ministrant.
Milton.
Like a flight of fowl
Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts.
Shak.
5. A series of steps or stairs from one landing to
another.
Parker.
6. A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport
of shooting with it. See Shaft.
[Obs.]
Challenged Cupid at the flight.
Shak.
Not a flight drawn home
E'er made that haste that they have.
Beau. & Fl.
7. The husk or glume of oats. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
<-- 8. a trip made by or in a flying vehicle, as an airplane,
spacecraft, or aeronautical balloon. 9. A scheduled flight{8} --
to take a flight{9}. -->
Flight feathers (Zo\'94l.), the
wing feathers of a bird, including the quills, coverts, and
bastard wing. See Bird. -- To put to
flight, To turn to flight, to compel
to run away; to force to flee; to rout.
Syn. -- Pair; set. See Pair.
Flight"ed (?), a. 1.
Taking flight; flying; -- used in composition.
\'bdDrowsy-flighted steeds.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Her.) Feathered; -- said of
arrows.
Flight"er (?), n.
(Brewing) A horizontal vane revolving over the
surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the
liquor.
Knight.
Flight"i*ly (?), adv. In a
flighty manner.
Flight"i*ness, n. The state or quality
of being flighty.
The flightness of her temper.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness;
eccentricity. See Levity.
Flight"-shot` (?), n. The
distance to which an arrow or flight may be shot; bowshot, --
about the fifth of a mile. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Within a flight-shot it inthe valley.
Evelyn.
Half a flight-shot from the king's oak.
Sir W. Scott.
Flight"y (?), a. 1.
Fleeting; swift; transient.
The flighty purpose never is o'ertook,
Unless the deed go with it.
Shak.
2. Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained
sallies, of imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to
disorder/ fancies and extravagant conduct; volatile / giddy;
eccentric; slighty delirious.
Proofs of my flighty and paradoxical turn of
mind.
Coleridge.
A harsh disciplinarian and a flighty
enthusiast.
J. S. Har/ord.
Flim"flam (?), n. [Cf.
Flam.] A freak; a trick; a lie.
Beau. & Fl.
Flim"si*ly (?), adv. In a
flimsy manner.
Flim"si*ness, n. The state or quality of
being flimsy.
Flim"sy (?), a.
[Compar. Flimsier (?);
superl. Flimsiest.] [Cf. W.
llumsi naked, bare, empty, slouggish, spiritless. Cf.
Limsy.] Weak; feeble; limp; slight; vain;
without strength or solidity; of loose and unsubstantial
structure; without reason or plausibility;
as, a flimsy argument, excuse,
objection.
Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines.
Pope.
All the flimsy furniture of a country miss's
brain.
Sheridan.
Syn. -- Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.
Flim"sy, n. 1. Thin or transfer
paper.
2. A bank note. [Slang, Eng.]
Flinch (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flinched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flinching.] [Prob. fr. OE.
flecchen to waver, give way, F. fl\'82chir,
fr. L. flectere to bend; but prob. influenced by E.
blench. Cf. Flex.] 1. To
withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger;
to fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or of
suffering; to shrink; to wince; as, one of the parties
flinched from the combat.
A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed
to bear very rough usage without flinching or
complaining.
Locke.
2. (Croquet) To let the foot slip from a
ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.
Flinch, n. The act of flinching.
Flinch"er (?), n.One who
flinches or fails.
Flinch"ing*ly, adv. In a flinching
manner.
Flin"der*mouse` (?), n.[OE.
vlindre moth (cf. D. vlinder butterfly) +
E. mouse. Cf. Flittermouse,
Flinders.] (Zo\'94l.) A bat; a
flittermouse.
Flin"ders (?), n. pl. [Scot.
flenders, flendris; perh. akin to E.
flutter; cf. D. flenters rags, broken
pieces.] Small pieces or splinters; fragments.
The tough ash spear, so stout and true,
Into a thousand flinders flew.
Sir W. Scott.
Fling (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flung (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Flinging.]
[OE. flingen, flengen, to rush, hurl;
cf. Icel. flengia to whip, ride furiously, OSw.
flenga to strike, Sw. fl\'84nga to romp,
Dan. flenge to slash.] 1. To cast,
send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit with
violence as if thrown from the hand; as, to fing a
stone into the pond.
'T is Fate that flings the dice: and, as she
flings,
Of kings makes peasants, and of peasants kings.
Dryden.
He . . . like Jove, his lighting flung.
Dryden.
I know thy generous temper well.
Fling but the appearance of dishonor on it,
It straight takes fire.
Addison.
2. To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.
The sun begins to fling
His flaring beams.
Milton.
Every beam new transient colors flings.
Pope.
3. To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to
prostrate; hence, to baffle; to defeat; as, to fling
a party in litigation.
His horse started, flung him, and fell upon
him.
Walpole.
<-- p. 571 -->
To fling about, to throw on all sides; to
scatter. -- To fling away, to reject; to
discard.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition.
Shak.
--To fling down. (a) To throw to the
ground; esp., to throw in defiance, as formerly knights cast a
glove into the arena as a challenge.
This question so flung down before the guests, . .
.
Was handed over by consent of all
To me who had not spoken.
Tennyson.
(b) To overturn; to demolish; to ruin. --
To fling in, to throw in; not to charge in an
account; as, in settling accounts, one party flings in
a small sum, or a few days' work. -- To fling
off, to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey; also,
to get rid of. Addison. -- To fling
open, to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence;
as, to fling open a door. -- To fling
out, to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh manner;
as, to fling out hard words against another. --
To fling up, to relinquish; to abandon; as,
to fling up a design.
Fling (?), v. i. 1. To
throw; to wince; to flounce; as, the horse began to kick and
fling.
2. To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language;
to sneer; as, the scold began to flout and
fling.
3. To throw one's self in a violent or hasty
manner; to rush or spring with violence or haste.
And crop-full, out of doors he flings.
Milton.
I flung closer to his breast,
As sword that, after battle, flings to sheath.
Mrs. Browning.
To fling out, to become ugly and intractable;
to utter sneers and insinuations.
Fling, n. 1. A cast from the
hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick; as, the
fling of a horse.
2. A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression
of sarcastic scorn; a gibe; a sarcasm.
I, who love to have a fling,
Both at senate house and king.
Swift.
3. A kind of dance; as, the Highland
fling.
4. A trifing matter; an object of contempt.
[Obs.]
England were but a fling
Save for the crooked stick and the gray goose wing.
Old Proverb.
To have one's fling, to enjoy one's self to
the full; to have a season of dissipation. J. H.
Newman. \'bdWhen I was as young as you, I had my
fling. I led a life of pleasure.\'b8 D.
Jerrold.
Fling"dust` (?), n. One who
kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low manner.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Fling"er (?), n. One who
flings; one who jeers.
Flint (?), n. [AS.
flint, akin to Sw. flinta, Dan.
flint; cf. OHG. flins flint, G.
flinte gun (cf. E. flintlock), perh. akin
to Gr. / brick. Cf. Plinth.] 1.
(Min.) A massive, somewhat impure variety of
quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black,
breaking with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very
hard, and strikes fire with steel.
2. A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly
much used, esp. in the hammers of gun locks.
3. Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and
unyielding, like flint. \'bdA heart of
flint.\'b8
Spenser.
Flint age. (Geol.) Same as
Stone age, under Stone. -- Flint
brick, a fire made principially of powdered silex.
-- Flint glass. See in the Vocabulary. --
Flint implements (Arch\'91ol.), tools,
etc., employed by men before the use of metals, such as axes,
arrows, spears, knives, wedges, etc., which were commonly made of
flint, but also of granite, jade, jasper, and other hard
stones. -- Flint mill. (a)
(Pottery) A mill in which flints are ground.
(b) (Mining) An obsolete appliance for
lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving
wheel were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light,
but did not inflame the fire damp. Knight. --
Flint stone, a hard, siliceous stone; a
flint. -- Flint wall, a kind of wall, common
in England, on the face of which are exposed the black surfaces
of broken flints set in the mortar, with quions of masonry.
-- Liquor of flints, a solution of silica, or
flints, in potash. -- To skin a flint, to be
capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for
making money. [Colloq.]
Flint" glass` (?). (Chem.) A
soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting essentially of a
silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for tableware, and for
optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a high degree
of dispersive power; -- so called, because formerly the silica
was obtained from pulverized flints. Called also crystal
glass. Cf. Glass.
flint glass.
Flint"-heart`ed (?), a.
Hard-hearted.
Shak.
Flint"i*ness (?), n. The state
or quality of being flinty; hardness; cruelty.
Beau. & Fl.
Flint"lock` (?), n. 1.
A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the
hammer, which on stricking the steel ignites the priming.
2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp.,
the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.
Flint"ware` (?), n. A superior
kind of earthenware into whose composition flint enters
largely.
Knight.
Flint"wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) An Australian name for the very hard wood
of the Eucalyptus piluralis.
Flint"y (?), a.
[Compar. Flintier (?);
superl. Flintiest.]
Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling,
flint; as, a flinty rock; flinty ground; a
flinty heart.
Flinty rock??/, Flinty
state, a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here
included. See Basanite.
Flip (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E.
flip nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow. Cf.
Flippant.] A mixture of beer, spirit, etc.,
stirred and heated by a hot iron.
Flip dog, an iron used, when heated, to warm
flip.
Flip, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flipped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flipping.] To toss or fillip;
as, to flip up a cent.
As when your little ones
Do 'twixt their fingers flip their cherry stones.
W. Browne.
Flipe (?), v. t. To turn inside
out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as a stocking in
pulling off or for putting on. [Scot.]
Flip"-flap` (?), n. [See
Flip, and Flap.] The repeated stroke
of something long and loose.
Johnson.
Flip"-flap`, adv. With repeated strokes
and noise, as of something long and loose.
Ash.
Flip"pan*cy (?), n.[See
Flippant.] The state or quality of being
flippant.
This flippancy of language.
Bp. Hurd.
Flip"pant (?), a. [Prov. E.
flip to move nimbly; cf. W. llipa soft,
limber, pliant, or Icel. fleipa to babble, prattle.
Cf. Flip, Fillip, Flap,
Flipper.] 1. Of smooth, fluent, and
rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble
tongue; talkative.
It becometh good men, in such cases, to be flippant
and free in their speech.
Barrow.
2. Speaking fluently and confidently, without
knowledge or consideration; empty; trifling; inconsederate; pert;
petulant. \'bdFlippant epilogous.\'b8
Thomson.
To put flippant scorn to the blush.
I. Taylor.
A sort of flippant, vain discourse.
Burke.
Flip"pant, n. A flippant person.
[R.]
Tennyson.
Flip"pant*ly, adv. In a flippant
manner.
Flip"pant*ness, n. State or quality of
being flippant.
Flip"per (?), n. [Cf.
Flip, Flippant.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A broad flat limb used for swimming,
as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.
2. (Naut.) The hand.
[Slang]
Flirt (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flirted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Flirting.] [Cf. AS.
fleard trifle, folly, fleardian to
trifle.] 1. To throw with a jerk or quick
effort; to fling suddenly; as, they flirt water in
each other's faces; he flirted a glove, or a
handkerchief.
2. To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and
fro; as, to flirt a fan.
3. To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to
mock. [Obs.]
I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am flirted.
Beau. & Fl.
Flirt, v. i. 1. To run and dart
about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice;
especially, to play the coquette; to play at courtship; to
coquet; as, they flirt with the young
men.
2. To utter contemptious language, with an air of
disdain; to jeer or gibe. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Flirt, n. 1. A sudden jerk; a
quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a jeer.
Several little flirts and vibrations.
Addison.
With many a flirt and flutter.
E. A. Poe.
2. [Cf. LG. flirtje, G.
flirtchen. See Flirt, v. t.]
One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or
plays at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.
Several young flirts about town had a design to
cast us out of the fashionable world.
Addison.
Flirt, a. Pert; wanton.
[Obs.]
Flir*ta"tion (?), n. 1.
Playing at courtship; coquerty.
The flirtations and jealousies of our ball
rooms.
Macaulay.
Flirt"-gill` (?), n. A woman of
light behavior; a gill-flirt. [Obs.]
Shak.
You heard him take me up like a flirt-gill.
Beau. & Fl.
Flirt"i*gig (?), n. A wanton,
pert girl. [Obs.]
Flirt"ing*ly, adv. In a flirting
manner.
Flisk (?), v. i. To frisk; to
skip; to caper. [Obs. Scot.] \'bdThe
flisking flies.\'b8
Gosson.
Flisk, n. A caper; a spring; a
whim. [Scot.]
Flit (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flitted
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flitting
(?).] [OE. flitten,
flutten, to carry away; cf. Icel. flytja,
Sw. flytta, Dan. flytte. / 84. Cf.
Fleet, v. i.] 1. To move
with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion;
to dart along; to fleet; as, a bird flits away; a
cloud flits along.
A shadow flits before me.
Tennyson.
2. To flutter; to rove on the wing.
Dryden.
3. To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one
place to another; to remove; to migrate.
It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing
this life, did flit out of one body into some
other.
Hooker.
4. To remove from one place or habitation to
another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Wright. Jamieson.
5. To be unstable; to be easily or often
moved.
And the free soul to flitting air resigned.
Dryden.
Flit, a. Nimble; quick; swift.
[Obs.] See Fleet.
Flitch (?), n.; pl.
Flitches (#). [OE.
flicche, flikke, AS. flicce,
akin to Icel. flikki; cf. Icel. fl\'c6k
flap, tatter; perh. akin to E. fleck. Cf.
Flick, n.] 1. The side of
a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon.
Swift.
2. One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron
plates, which are secured together, side by side, to make a large
girder or built beam.
3. The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab.
[Eng.]
Flite (?), v. i. [AS.
fl\'c6tan to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to G.
fleiss industry.] To scold; to
quarrel. [Prov. Eng.]
Grose.
Flit"ter (?), v. i. To
flutter. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flit"ter, v. t. To flutter; to move
quickly; as, to flitter the cards.
[R.]
Lowell.
Flit"ter, n. [Cf. G. flitter
spangle, tinsel, flittern to make a tremulous motion,
to glitter. Cf. Flitter, v. i.] A
rag; a tatter; a small piece or fragment.
Flit"ter*mouse` (?), n.
[Flitter, v.i. + mouse; cf. G.
fledermaus, OHG. fledarm/s. Cf.
Flickermouse, Flindermouse.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bat; -- called also
flickermouse, flindermouse,
and flintymouse.
Flit"tern (?), a.A term applied
to the bark obtained from young oak trees.
McElrath.
Flit"ti*ness (?), n. [From
Flitty.] Unsteadiness; levity;
lightness. [Obs.]
Bp. Hopkins.
Flit"ting (?), n. 1. A
flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.
2. A removal from one habitation to another.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
A neighbor had lent his cart for the flitting, and
it was now standing loaded at the door, ready to move away.
Jeffrey.
Flit"ting*ly, adv.In a flitting
manner.
Flit"ty (?), a. [From
Flit.] Unstable; fluttering.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Flix (?), n. [Cf.
Flax.] Down; fur. [Obs. or
Eng.]
J. Dyer.
Flix, n.The flux; dysentery.
[Obs.]
Udall.
Flix weed (Bot.), the
Sisymbrium Sophia, a kind of hedge mustard, formerly
used as a remedy for dysentery.
Flo (?), n.; pl.
Flon (#). [AS. fl\'be,
fl\'ben.] An arrow.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Float (?), n.[OE.
flote ship, boat, fleet, AS. flota ship,
fr. fle\'a2tan to float; akin to D. vloot
fleet, G. floss raft, Icel. floti float,
raft, fleet, Sw. flotta. Fleet, v. i., and cf. Flotilla,
Flotsam, Plover.] 1.
Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as
to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or
mark the place of, something. Specifically: (a)
A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed
down a stream by the current; a raft. (b) The
hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats upon
the water in a cistern or boiler. (c) The
cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and
indicate the bite of a fish. (d) Anything
used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated bag or
pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver.
This reform bill . . . had been used as a float by
the conservative ministry.
J. P. Peters.
2. A float board. See Float board
(below).
3. (Tempering) A contrivance for
affording a copious stream of water to the heated surface of an
object of large bulk, as an anvil or die.
Knight.
4. The act of flowing; flux; flow.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
5. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and
one foot deep. [Obs.]
Mortimer.
6. (Plastering) The trowel or tool with
which the floated coat of plastering is leveled and
smoothed.
7. A polishing block used in marble working; a
runner.
Knight.
8. A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by
shoemakers for rasping off pegs inside a shoe.
9. A coal cart. [Eng.]
Simmonds.
10. The sea; a wave. See Flote,
n.
Float board, one of the boards fixed radially
to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle
wheel; -- a vane. -- Float case
(Naut.), a caisson used for lifting a ship.
-- Float copper
(Mining), fine particles of metallic copper or of
gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost. --
Float ore, water-worn particles of ore; fragments
of vein material found on the surface, away from the vein
outcrop. Raymond. -- Float stone
(Arch.), a siliceous stone used to rub stonework
or brickwork to a smooth surface. -- Float valve,
a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See Float, 1
(b).
Float, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Floated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Floating.] [OE. flotien,
flotten, AS. flotian to float, swim, fr.
fle\'a2tan. See Float, n.]
1. To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to
be buoyed up.
The ark no more now floats, but seems on
ground.
Milton.
Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast,
I floated.
Dryden.
2. To move quietly or gently on the water, as a
raft; to drift along; to move or glide without effort or impulse
on the surface of a fluid, or through the air.
They stretch their broad plumes and float upon the
wind.
Pope.
There seems a floating whisper on the hills.
Byron.
Float, v. t. 1. To cause to
float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid;
as, the tide floated the ship into the
harbor.
Had floated that bell on the Inchcape rock.
Southey.
2. To flood; to overflow; to cover with
water.
Proud Pactolus floats the fruitful lands.
Dryden.
3. (Plastering) To pass over and level
the surface of with a float while the plastering is kept
wet.
4. To support and sustain the credit of, as a
commercial scheme or a joint-stock company, so as to enable /
it to go into, or continue in, operation.
Float"a*ble (?), a. That may be
floated.
Float"age (?; 48), n. Same as
Flotage.
Float*a"tion (?), n.See
Flotation.
Float"er (?), n. 1.
One who floats or swims.
2. A float for indicating the height of a liquid
surface.
Float"ing, a. 1. Buoyed upon or
in a fluid; a, the floating timbers of a wreck;
floating motes in the air.
2. Free or lose from the usual attachment; as,
the floating ribs in man and some other
animals.
3. Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined;
as, floating capital; a floating
debt.
Trade was at an end. Floating capital had been
withdrawn in great masses from the island.
Macaulay.
Floating anchor (Naut.), a drag or
sea anchor; drag sail. -- Floating battery
(Mil.), a battery erected on rafts or the hulls of
ships, chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a
place. -- Floating bridge. (a) A
bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with a floor of plank,
supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge. See
Bateau. (b) (Mil.) A kind of
double bridge, the upper one projecting beyond the lower one, and
capable of being moved forward by pulleys; -- used for carrying
troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of a
fort. (c) A kind of ferryboat which is guided
and impelled by means of chains which are anchored on each side
of a stream, and pass over wheels on the vessel, the wheels being
driven by stream power. (d) The landing
platform of a ferry dock. -- Floating cartilage
(Med.), a cartilage which moves freely in the
cavity of a joint, and often interferes with the functions of the
latter. -- Floating dam. (a) An
anchored dam. (b) A caisson used as a gate for
a dry dock. -- Floating derrick, a derrick on
a float for river and harbor use, in raising vessels, moving
stone for harbor improvements, etc. -- Floating
dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.
-- Floating harbor, a breakwater of cages or
booms, anchored and fastened together, and used as a protection
to ships riding at anchor to leeward. Knight. --
Floating heart (Bot.), a small aquatic
plant (Limnanthemum lacunosum) whose heart-shaped
leaves float on the water of American ponds. --
Floating island, a dish for dessert, consisting of
custard with floating masses of whipped cream or white of
eggs. -- Floating kidney. (Med.)
See Wandering kidney, under
Wandering. -- Floating light, a
light shown at the masthead of a vessel moored over sunken rocks,
shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a light-ship; also, a
light erected on a buoy or floating stage. -- Floating
liver. (Med.) See Wandering
liver, under Wandering. -- Floating
pier, a landing stage or pier which rises and falls
with the tide. -- Floating ribs
(Anat.), the lower or posterior ribs which are not
connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two
pairs. -- Floating screed
(Plastering), a strip of plastering first laid on,
to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat. --
Floating threads (Weaving), threads
which span several other threads without being interwoven with
them, in a woven fabric.
<-- p. 572 -->
Float"ing (?), n. 1.
(Weaving) Floating threads. See Floating
threads, above.
2. The second coat of three-coat plastering.
Knight.
Float"ing*ly, adv. In a floating
manner.
Float"y (?), a. Swimming on the
surface; buoyant; light.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Flo"bert (?), n. (Gun.)
A small cartridge designed for target shooting; -- sometimes
called ball cap.
Flobert rifle, a rifle adapted to the use of
floberts.
Floc`cil*la"tion (?), n. [L.
floccus a flock of wool. Cf. Flock of
wool.] (Med.) A delirious picking of
bedclothes by a sick person, as if to pick off flocks of wool;
carphology; -- an alarming symptom in acute diseases.
Dunglison.
Floc/cose" (?), a. [L.
floccosus. Cf. 2d Flock, n.]
1. Spotted with small tufts like wool.
Wright.
2. (Bot.) Having tufts of soft hairs,
which are often deciduous.
Floc"cu*lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the flocculus.
Floc"cu*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flocculated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Flocculating.]
(Geol.) To aggregate into small lumps.
Floc"cu*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Furnished with tufts of curly hairs,
as some insects.
Floc`cu*la"tion (?), n.
(Geol.) The process by which small particles of
fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.
Floc"cu*lence (?), n. The state
of being flocculent.
Floc"cu*lent (?), a. [See
Flock of wool.] 1. Clothed with
small flocks or flakes; woolly.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Applied to the down of
newly hatched or unfledged birds.
\'d8Floc"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Flocculi (#). [NL., dim. of L.
floccus a lock or flock of wool.]
(Anat.) A small lobe in the under surface of the
cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular
lobe.
\'d8Floc"cus (?), n.; pl.
Flocci (#). [L., a flock of
wool.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals.
(b) A tuft of feathers on the head of young
birds.
2. (Bot.) A woolly filament sometimes
occuring with the sporules of certain fungi.
Flock (?), n. [AS.
flocc flock, company; akin to Icel. flokkr
crowd, Sw. flock, Dan. flok; prob. orig.
used of flows, and akin to E. fly. See
Fly.] 1. A company or collection of
living creatures; -- especially applied to sheep and birds,
rarely to persons or (except in the plural) to cattle and other
large animals; as, a flock of ravenous
fowl.
Milton.
The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by flocks.
2 Macc. xiv. 14.
2. A Christian church or congregation; considered
in their relation to the pastor, or minister in charge.
As half amazed, half frighted all his flock.
Tennyson.
Flock, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Flocked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flocking.] To gather in
companies or crowds.
Friends daily flock.
Dryden.
Flocking fowl (Zo\'94l.), the
greater scaup duck.
Flock, v. t. To flock to; to
crowd. [Obs.]
Good fellows, trooping, flocked me so.
Taylor (1609).
Flock, n. [OE. flokke; cf. D.
vlok, G. flocke, OHG. floccho,
Icel. fl/ki, perh. akin to E. flicker,
flacker, or cf. L. floccus, F.
floc.] 1. A lock of wool or
hair.
I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks
in the point [pommel].
Shak.
2. Woolen or cotton refuse (sing. ), old rags, etc., reduced to a degree of fineness by
machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered furniture.
3. Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially
that from shearing the nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall
paper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the
dust of vegetable fiber used for a similar purpose.
Flock bed, a bed filled with flocks or locks
of coarse wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine. \'bdOnce a
flock bed, but repaired with straw.\'b8
Pope. -- Flock paper, paper coated with
flock fixed with glue or size.
Flock, v. t. To coat with flock, as wall
paper; to roughen the surface of (as glass) so as to give an
appearance of being covered with fine flock.
Flock"ling, n. A lamb.
[Obs.]
Brome (1659).
Flock"ly, adv. In flocks; in
crowds. [Obs.]
Flock"mel (?), adv. [AS.
flocm/lum. See Meal part.] In a
flock; in a body. [Obs.]
That flockmel on a day they to him went.
Chaucer.
Flock"y, a. Abounding with flocks;
floccose.
Floe (?), n. [Cf. Dan.
flag af iis, iisflage, Sw.
flaga, flake, isflaga,
isflake. See Flag a flat stone.] A
low, flat mass of floating ice.
Floe rat (Zo\'94l.), a seal
(Phoca f\'d2tida).
Flog (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flogged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flogging
(?).] [Cf. Scot. fleg blow,
stroke, kick, AS. flocan to strike, or perh. fr. L.
flagellare to whip. Cf. Flagellate.]
To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to
chastise with repeated blows.
Flog"ger (?), n. 1.
One who flogs.
2. A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a
cask to start the bung.
Knight.
Flog"ging (?), a. & n. from
Flog, v. t.
Flogging chisel (Mach.), a large
cold chisel, used in chipping castings. -- Flogging
hammer, a small sledge hammer used for striking a
flogging chisel.
Flon (?), n. pl. See
Flo. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flong (? , obs.
imp. & p. p. of Fling.
Flood (?), n. [OE.
flod a flowing, stream, flood, AS.
fl; akin to D. vloed, OS.
fl, OHG. fluot, G. flut,
Icel. fl, Sw. & Dan. flod, Goth.
fl; from the root of E. flow.
Flow, v. i.] 1.
A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing
stream, as of a river; especially, a body of water, rising,
swelling, and overflowing land not usually thus covered; a
deluge; a freshet; an inundation.
A covenant never to destroy
The earth again by flood.
Milton.
2. The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal
swell or rise of water in the ocean; -- opposed to
ebb; as, young flood; high
flood.
There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.
Shak.
3. A great flow or stream of any fluid substance;
as, a flood of light; a flood of
lava; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an
overflowing; a superabundance; as, a flood of bank
notes; a flood of paper currency.
4. Menstrual disharge; menses.
Harvey.
Flood anchor (Naut.) , the anchor
by which a ship is held while the tide is rising. --
Flood fence, a fence so secured that it will not
be swept away by a flood. -- Flood gate, a
gate for shutting out, admitting, or releasing, a body of water;
a tide gate. -- Flood mark, the mark or line
to which the tide, or a flood, rises; high-water mark. --
Flood tide, the rising tide; -- opposed to
ebb tide. -- The Flood, the deluge
in the days of Noah.
Flood, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flooded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flooding.] 1. To overflow; to
inundate; to deluge; as, the swollen river flooded
the valley.
2. To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or
cover with water or other fluid; as, to flood arable
land for irrigation; to fill to excess or to its full
capacity; as, to flood a country with a depreciated
currency.
Flood"age (?; 48), n.
Inundation. [R.]
Carlyle.
Flood"er (?), n. One who floods
anything.
Flood"ing, n. The filling or covering
with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling
anything to excess.
2. (Med.) An abnormal or excessive
discharge of blood from the uterus.
Dunglison.
Flook (?), n. A fluke of an
anchor.
{ Flook"an (?), Flu"kan
(?) }, n. (Mining) See
Flucan.
Flook"y (?), a. Fluky.
Floor (?), n. [AS.
fl/r; akin to D. vloer, G.
flur field, floor, entrance hall, Icel.
fl/r floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael.
lar floor, ground, earth, W. llawr, perh.
akin to L. planus level. Cf. Plain
smooth.] 1. The bottom or lower part of any
room; the part upon which we stand and upon which the movables in
the room are supported.
2. The structure formed of beams, girders, etc.,
with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into
stories. Floor in sense 1 is, then, the upper surface
of floor in sense 2.
3. The surface, or the platform, of a structure on
which we walk or travel; as, the floor of a
bridge.
4. A story of a building. See Story.
5. (Legislative Assemblies) (a)
The part of the house assigned to the members.
(b) The right to speak. [U.S.]
he has the floor, the English
say, he is in possession of the house.
6. (Naut.) That part of the bottom of a
vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly
horizontal.
7. (Mining) (a) The rock
underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit.
(b) A horizontal, flat ore body.
Raymond.
Floor cloth, a heavy fabric, painted,
varnished, or saturated, with waterproof material, for covering
floors; oilcloth. -- Floor cramp, an
implement for tightening the seams of floor boards before nailing
them in position. -- Floor light, a frame
with glass panes in a floor. -- Floor plan.
(a) (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal
section, showing a ship as divided at the water line.
(b) (Arch.) A horizontal section, showing
the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of
passages, apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a
house.
Floor, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Floored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flooring.] 1. To
cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to
floor a house with pine boards.
2. To strike down or lay level with the floor; to
knock down; hence, to silence by a conclusive answer or retort;
as, to floor an opponent.
Floored or crushed by him.
Coleridge.
3. To finish or make an end of; as, to
floor a college examination.
[Colloq.]
I've floored my little-go work.
T. Hughes.
Floor"age (?; 48), n. Floor
space.
Floor"er (?), n. Anything that
floors or upsets a person, as a blow that knocks him down; a
conclusive answer or retort; a task that exceeds one's
abilities. [Colloq.]
Floor"heads`, n. pl. (Naut.)
The upper extermities of the floor of a vessel.
Floor"ing, n. A platform; the bottom of
a room; a floor; pavement. See Floor,
n.
Addison.
2. Material for the construction of a floor or
floors.
Floor"less, a. Having no floor.
Floor"walk`er (?), n. One who
walks about in a large retail store as an overseer and
director. [U.S.]
Flop (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flopped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flopping.] [A variant of
flap.] 1. To clap or strike, as a
bird its wings, a fish its tail, etc.; to flap.
2. To turn suddenly, as something broad and
flat. [Colloq.]
Fielding.
Flop (?), v. i. 1. To
strike about with something broad abd flat, as a fish with its
tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; as, the
brim of a hat flops.
2. To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily,
clumsily, and unexpectedly on the ground.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
Flop, n. Act of flopping.
[Colloq.]
W. H. Russell.
Flop"py (?), n. Having a
tendency to flop or flap; as, a floppy hat
brim.
G. Eliot.
Flop"wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The lapwing.
Flo"ra (?), n. [L., the goddess
of flowers, from flos, floris, flower. See
Flower.] 1. (Rom. Myth.)
The goddess of flowers and spring.
2. (Bot.) The complete system of
vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given
locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or
treatise on, such plants.
Flo"ral (?), a. [L.
Floralis belonging to Flora: cf. F.
floral. See Flora.] 1.
Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as,
floral games, wreaths.
2. (Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, a
flower; as, a floral bud; a floral leaf;
floral characters.
Martyn.
Floral envelope (Bot.), the calyx
and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may
be wanting.
Flo"ral*ly, adv. In a floral
manner.
Flo"ra*mour (?), n.[L.
flos, floris, flower +
amorlove.] The plant
love-lies-bleeding. [Obs.]
Prior.
Flo"ran (?), n. (Mining)
Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin ore stamped
very fine.
Pryce.
\'d8Flo`r\'82al" (?), n. [F.
flor\'82al, fr. L. flos, floris,
flower.] The eight month of the French republican
calendar. It began April 20, and ended May 19. See
Vend\'82miare.
Flor"en (?), n. [LL.
florenus. See Florin.] A cerain
gold coin; a Florence. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Flor"ence (?), n. [From the
city of Florence: cf. F. florence a kind of
cloth, OF. florin.] 1. An ancient
gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings sterling
value.
Camden.
2. A kind of cloth.
Johnson.
Florence flask. See under Flask.
-- Florence oil, olive oil prepared in
Florence.
Flor"en*tine (? , a.
[L. Florentinus, fr. Florentia
Florence: cf. F. florentin.] Belonging or
relating to Florence, in Italy.
Florentine mosaic, a mosaic of hard or
semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged that their
natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like, inlaid in
a background, usually of black or white marble.
Flor"en*tine, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy.
2. A kind of silk.
Knight.
3. A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat
pie. [Obs.]
Stealing custards, tarts, and florentines.
Beau. & Fl.
Flo*res"cence (?), n. [See
Florescent.] (Bot.) A bursting
into flower; a blossoming.
Martyn.
Flo*res"cent (?), a. [L.
florescens, p.pr. of florescere begin to
blossom, incho. fr. florere to blossom, fr.
flos, floris, flower. See
Flower.] Expanding into flowers;
blossoming.
Flo"ret (?), n. [OF.
florete, F. fleurette, dim. of OF.
lor, F. fleur. See Flower, and cf.
Floweret, 3d Ferret.] 1.
(Bot.) A little flower; one of the numerous
little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such
flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.
Gray.
2. [F. fleuret.] A foil; a
blunt sword used in fencing. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Flo"ri*age (?), n. [L.
flos, flori/, flower.] Bloom;
blossom. [Obs.]
J. Scott.
Flo"ri*a`ted (?), a.
(Arch.) Having floral ornaments; as,
floriated capitals of Gothic pillars.
Flo*ric"mous (?), a. [L.
flos, floris, flower + coma
hair.] Having the head adorned with flowers.
[R.]
Flo`ri*cul"tur*al (? ,
a. Pertaining to the cultivation of flowering
plants.
Flo"ri*cul`ture (? ,
n. [L. flos, floris, flower
+ cultura culture.] The cultivation of
flowering plants.
Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One
skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a florist.
Flor"id (?), a. [L.
floridus, fr. flos, floris,
flower. See Flower.] 1. Covered with
flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery. [R.]
Fruit from a pleasant and florid tree.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively
reddish color; as, a florid countenance.
3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched
to excess with figures; excessively ornate; as, a
florid style; florid eloquence.
4. (Mus.) Flowery; ornamental; running
in rapid melodic figures, divisions, or passages, as in
variations; full of fioriture or little ornamentations.
Flor"i*da bean" (?). (Bot.)
(a) The large, roundish, flattened seed of
Mucuna urens. See under Bean.
(b) One of the very large seeds of the Entada
scandens.
\'d8Flo*rid"e*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., from L. flos, floris, a
flower.] (Bot.) A subclass of alg\'91
including all the red or purplish seaweeds; the
Rhodosperme\'91 of many authors; -- so called from the
rosy or florid color of most of the species.
Flo*rid"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being florid; floridness.
Floyer.
Flor"id*ly (?), adv. In a
florid manner.
Flor"id*ness, n. The quality of being
florid.
Boyle.
Flo*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
florifer; flos, floris, flower +
ferre to bear; cf. F. florif\'8are.]
Producing flowers.
Blount.
<-- p. 573 -->
Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
flos, floris, flower + facere to
make.] The act, process, or time of flowering;
florescence.
Flo"ri*form (? , a. [L.
flos, floris, flower + -form:
cf. F. floriforme.] Having the form of a
flower; flower-shaped.
Flo"ri*ken (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Indian bustard (Otis
aurita). The Bengal floriken is Sypheotides
Bengalensis. [Written also
florikan, floriken,
florican.]
Flo"ri*lege (?), n. [L.
florilegus flower-culling; flos,
floris, flower + legere to gather: cf. F.
floril\'8age.] The act of gathering
flowers.
Flo"ri*mer (?), n. (Bot.)
See Floramour. [Obs.]
Flor"in (?), n. [F.
florin, It. florino, orig., a Florentine
coin, with a lily on it, fr. flore a flower, fr. L.
flos. See Flower, and cf.
Floren.] A silver coin of Florence, first
struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name
is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of
England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about
48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of
Austria, about 36 cents.
Flo"rist (? , n.
[Cf. F. fleuriste, floriste, fr. F.
fleur flower. See Flower.] 1.
A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.
2. One who writes a flora, or an account of
plants.
Flo*roon" (?), n. [F.
fleuron. See Flower.] A border
worked with flowers.
Wright.
Flor"u*lent (?), a. [L.
florulentus, fr. flos, floris,
flower.] Flowery; blossoming.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Flos"cu*lar (?), a.
(Bot.) Flosculous.
Flos`cu*la"ri*an (?), n. [From
L. flosculus a floweret.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated
tentacles around the lobed disk.
Flos*cule (?), n. [L.
flosculus, dim. of flos flower: cf. F.
floscule.] (Bot.) A
floret.
Flos"cu*lous (?), a.
(Bot.) Consisting of many gamopetalous
florets.
\'d8Flos`-fer"ri (?), n.[L.,
flower of iron.] (Min.) A variety of
aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal forms; --
common in beds of iron ore.
Flosh (?), n. [Cf. G.
fl\'94sse a trough in which tin ore is washed.]
(Metallurgy) A hopper-shaped box or /nortar in
which ore is placed for the action of the stamps.
Knight.
Floss (?; 195), n. [It.
floscio flabby, soft, fr. L. fluxus
flowing, loose, slack. See Flux, n.]
1. (Bot.) The slender styles of the
pistillate flowers of maize; also called
silk.
2. Untwisted filaments of silk, used in
embroidering.
Floss silk, silk that has been twisted, and
which retains its loose and downy character. It is much used in
embroidery. Called also floxed silk. --
Floss thread, a kind of soft flaxen yarn or
thread, used for embroidery; -- called also linen
floss, and floss yarn.
McElrath.
Floss, n. [Cf. G. floss a
float.] 1. A small stream of water.
[Eng.]
2. Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling
furnace, produced by the vitrification of oxides and earths which
are present.
Floss hole. (a) A hole at the back of
a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass out.
(b) The tap hole of a melting furnace.
Knight.
Flos`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
Florification.] A flowering;
florification. [R.]
Craig.
Floss"y (?; 115), a. Pertaining
to, made of, or resembling, floss; hence, light; downy.
\'d8Flo"ta (?), n. [Sp. See
Flotilla.] A fleet; especially, a /eet of
Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera
Cruz, in Mexico, to transport to Spain the production of Spanish
America.
Flo"tage (?), n. [OF.
flotage, F. flottage, fr.
flotter to float.] 1. The state of
floating.
2. That which floats on the sea or in rivers.
[Written also floatage.]
Flo"tant (?), a. [OF.
flotant, F. flottant, p.pr. of
flotter to float.] (Her.)
Represented as flying or streaming in the air; as, a
banner flotant.
Flo*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
flottation a floating, flottaison water
line, fr. flotter to float. See
Flotilla.] 1. The act, process, or
state of floating.
2. The science of floating bodies.
Center of flotation. (Shipbuilding)
(a) The center of any given plane of flotation.
(b) More commonly, the middle of the length of the
load water line. Rankine. -- Plane, , of flotation, the plane or line
in which the horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating
in it. See Bearing, n., 9 (c).
-- Surface of flotation (Shipbuilding),
the imaginary surface which all the planes of flotation touch
when a vessel rolls or pitches; the envelope of all such
planes.
Flote (?), v. t. To fleet; to
skim. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Flote, n. [Cf. F. flot, L.
fluctus; also cf. Float, n.]
A wave. [Obs.] \'bdThe Mediterranean
flote.\'b8
Shak.
Flot"er*y (?), a. Wavy;
flowing. [Obs.]
With flotery beard.
Chaucer.
Flo*til"la (?), n. [Sp.
flotilla, dim. of flota fleet; akin to F.
flotte, It. flotta, and F. flot
wave, fr. L. fluctus, but prob. influenced by words
akin to E. float. See Fluctuate, and cf.
Float, n.] A little fleet, or a
fleet of small vessels.
{ Flot"sam (?), Flot"son
(?) }, n. [F. flotter
to float. See FFlotilla, and cf. Jetsam.]
(Law) Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on
the sea; -- in distinction from jetsam or
jetson.
Blackstone.
Flot"ten (?), p. p. of
Flote, v. t. Skimmed.
[Obs.]
Flounce (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flounced
(flounst); p. pr. & vb. n. Flouncing
(?).] [Cf. OSw. flunsa to
immerge.] To throw the limbs and body one way and the
other; to spring, turn, or twist with sudden effort or violence;
to struggle, as a horse in mire; to flounder; to throw one's self
with a jerk or spasm, often as in displeasure.
To flutter and flounce will do nothing but batter
and bruise us.
Barrow.
With his broad fins and forky tail he laves
The rising sirge, and flounces in the waves.
Addison.
Flounce (?), n. The act of
floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the body.
Flounce, n. [Cf. G. flaus,
flausch, a tuft of wool or hair; akin to
vliess, E. fleece; or perh. corrupted fr.
rounce.] An ornamental appendage to the
skirt of a woman's dress, consisting of a strip gathered and
sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left
hanging.
Flounce, v. t. To deck with a flounce or
flounces; as, to flounce a petticoat or a
frock.
Floun"der (?), n. [Cf. Sw.
flundra; akin to Dan. flynder, Icel.
fly/ra, G. flunder, and perh. to E.
flounder, v.i.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A flatfish of the family
Pleuronectid\'91, of many species.
Pleuronectes
flesus. There are several common American species used as
food; as the smooth flounder (P. glabra); the rough or
winter flounder (P. Americanus); the summer flounder,
or plaice (Paralichthys dentatus), Atlantic coast; and
the starry flounder (Pleuronectes stellatus).
2. (Bootmaking) A tool used in crimping
boot fronts.
Floun"der, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Floundered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Floundering.] [Cf. D.
flodderen to flap, splash through mire, E.
flounce, v.i., and flounder the
fish.] To fling the limbs and body, as in making
efforts to move; to struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a
fish on land; to roll, toss, and tumble; to flounce.
They have floundered on from blunder to
blunder.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Floun"der, n.The act of
floundering.
Flour (?), n. [F. fleur de
farine the flower (i.e., the best) of meal, cf.
Sp. flor de la harina superfine flour, Icel.
fl\'81r flower, flour. See Flower.]
The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain;
especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence,
the fine and soft powder of any substance; as, flour
of emery; flour of mustard.
Flour bolt, in milling, a gauze-covered,
revolving, cylindrical frame or reel, for sifting the flour from
the refuse contained in the meal yielded by the stones. --
Flour box a tin box for scattering flour; a
dredging box. -- Flour dredge , a flour box. -- Flour
dresser, a mashine for sorting and distributing flour
according to grades of fineness. -- Flour mill,
a mill for grinding and sifting flour.
Flour, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Floured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flouring.] 1. To
grind and bolt; to convert into flour; as, to flour
wheat.
2. To sprinkle with flour.
Floured (?), p. a. Finely
granulated; -- said of quicksilver which has been granulated by
agitation during the amalgamation process.
Raymond.
Flour"ish (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flourished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flourishing.] [OE.
florisshen, flurisshen, OF.
flurir, F. fleurir, fr. L.
florere to bloom, fr. flos,
floris, flower. See Flower, and
-ish.] 1. To grow luxuriantly; to
increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant; a thrive.
A tree thrives and flourishes in a kindly . . .
soil.
Bp. Horne.
2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor,
comfort, happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be
prominent and influental; specifically, of authors, painters,
etc., to be in a state of activity or production.
When all the workers of iniquity do flourish.
Ps. xcii 7
Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and
that by the means of their wickedness.
Nelson.
We say
Of those that held their heads above the crowd,
They flourished then or then.
Tennyson.
3. To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical
figures and lofty expressions; to be flowery.
They dilate . . . and flourish long on little
incidents.
J. Watts.
4. To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton
movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play
with fantastic and irregular motion.
Impetuous spread
The stream, and smoking flourished o'er his head.
Pope.
5. To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to
write graceful, decorative figures.
6. To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of
music, by way of ornament or prelude.
Why do the emperor's trumpets flourish thus?
Shak.
7. To boast; to vaunt; to brag.
Pope.
Flour"ish, v. t. 1. To adorn
with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or artificial;
to ornament with anything showy; to embellish.
[Obs.]
Fenton.
2. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to
adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious
eloquence; to set off with a parade of words.
[Obs.]
Sith that the justice of your title to him
Doth flourish the deceit.
Shak.
3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing
about in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to
brandish.
And flourishes his blade in spite of me.
Shak.
4. To develop; to make thrive; to expand.
[Obs.]
Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps /
may be flourished into large works.
Bacon.
Flour"ish (?), n.; pl.
Flourishes (/). 1. A
flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor.
[Archaic]
The Roman monarchy, in her highest flourish, never
had the like.
Howell.
2. Decoration; ornament; beauty.
The flourish of his sober youth
Was the pride of naked truth.
Crashaw.
3. Something made or performed in a fanciful,
wanton, or vaunting manner, by way of ostentation, to excite
admiration, etc.; ostentatious embellishment; ambitious
copiousness or amplification; parade of word/ and figures;
show; as, a flourish of rhetoric or of
wit.
He lards with flourishes his long harangue.
Dryden.
4. A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely
decorative figure.
The neat characters and flourishes of a Bible
curiously printed.
Boyle.
5. A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a
strain of triumph or bravado, not forming part of a regular
musical composition; a cal; a fanfare.
A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!
Shak.
6. The waving of a weapon or other thing; a
brandishing; as, the fluorish of a sword.
Flour"ish*er (?), n. One who
flourishes.
Flour"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a flourishing manner;
ostentatiously.
Flour"y (?), a. Of or
resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour.
Dickens.
Flout (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flouted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Flouting.] [OD.
fluyten to play the flute, to jeer, D.
fluiten, fr. fluit, fr. French. See
Flute.] To mock or insult; to treat with
contempt.
Phillida flouts me.
Walton.
Three gaudy standarts lout the pale blue sky.
Byron.
Flout, v. i. To practice mocking; to
behave with contempt; to sneer; to fleer; -- often with
at.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.
Swift.
Flout, n. A mock; an insult.
Who put your beauty to this flout and scorn.
Tennyson.
Flout"er (?), n. One who
flouts; a mocker.
Flout"ing*ly, adv. With flouting;
insultingly; as, to treat a lover
floutingly.
Flow (?), obs. imp.
sing. of Fly, v. i.
Chaucer.
Flow (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. FFlowed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flowing.] [AS. fl\'d3wan;
akin to D. vloeijen, OHG. flawen to wash,
Icel. fl\'d3a to deluge, Gr. / to float, sail, and
prob. ultimately to E. float, fleet.
\'fb80. Cf. Flood.] 1. To move with
a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a
fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; as, rivers
flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from
the eyes.
2. To become liquid; to melt.
The mountains flowed down at thy presence.
Is. lxiv. 3.
3. To pproceed; to issue forth; as, wealth
flows from industry and economy.
Those thousand decencies that daily flow
From all her words and actions.
Milton.
4. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or
asperties; as, a flowing period; flowing
numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered
easily.
Virgil is sweet and flowingin his hexameters.
Dryden.
5. To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full,
so as to run or flow over; to be copious.
In that day . . . the hills shall flow with
milk.
Joel iii. 18.
The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of
the flowing bowl.
Prof. Wilson.
6. To hang loose and waving; as, a
flowing mantle; flowing locks.
The imperial purple flowing in his train.
A. Hamilton.
7. To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to
ebb; as, the tide flows twice in
twenty-four hours.
The river hath thrice flowed, no ebb between.
Shak.
8. To discharge blood in excess from the
uterus.
Flow, v. t. 1. To cover with
water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to flood.
2. To cover with varnish.
Flow, n. 1. A stream of water
or other fluid; a current; as, a flow of water; a
flow of blood.
2. A continuous movement of something abundant;
as, a flow of words.
3. Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of
thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet,
steady movement of a river; a stream.
The feast of reason and the flow of soul.
Pope.
4. The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean
to the shore. See Ebb and flow, under
Ebb.
5. A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also
flow moss and flow
bog. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Flow"age (?; 48), n. An
overflowing with water; also, the water which thus
overflows.
Flow"en (?), obs. imp.
pl. of Fly, v. i.
Chaucer.
Flow"er (?), n. [OE.
flour, OF. flour, flur,
flor, F. fleur, fr. L. flos,
floris. Cf. Blossom, Effloresce,
Floret, Florid, Florin,
Flour, Flourish.] 1. In the
popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the showy
portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture from
the foliage.
2. (Bot.) That part of a plant destined
to produce seed, and hence including one or both of the sexual
organs; an organ or combination of the organs of reproduction,
whether inclosed by a circle of foliar parts or not. A complete
flower consists of two essential parts, the stamens
and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and callyx.
In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves surrounding
or subtending organs called archegonia. See Blossom, and
Corolla.
<-- p. 574 -->
calyx, sometimes tubular, sometimes
consisting of separate leaves called sepals; secondly,
an inner envelope or corolla, which is generally more
or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes tubular,
sometimes composed of separate leaves called petals;
thirdly, one or more stamens, consisting of a stalk or
filament and a head or anther, in which the
pollen is produced; and fourthly, a pistil,
which is situated in the center of the flower, and consists
generally of three principal parts; one or more compartments at
the base, each containing one or more seeds; the stalk
or style; and the stigma, which in many
familiar instances forms a small head, at the top of the style or
ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way in order to
fertilize the flower.
Sir J. Lubbock.
3. The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of
anything; as, the flower of an army, or of a
family; the state or time of freshness and bloom; as,
the flower of life, that is, youth.
The choice and flower of all things profitable the
Psalms do more briefly contain.
Hooker.
The flower of the chivalry of all Spain.
Southey.
A simple maiden in her flower
Is worth a hundred coats of arms.
Tennyson.
4. Grain pulverized; meal; flour.
[Obs.]
The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will make
a sort of glue.
Arbuthnot.
5. pl. (Old. Chem.) A
substance in the form of a powder, especially when condensed from
sublimation; as, the flowers of sulphur.
6. A figure of speech; an ornament of style.
7. pl. (Print.) Ornamental
type used chiefly for borders around pages, cards, etc.
W. Savage.
8. pl. Menstrual discharges.
Lev. xv. 24.
Animal flower (Zo\'94l.) See under
Animal. -- Cut flowers, flowers cut
from the stalk, as for making a bouquet. -- Flower
bed, a plat in a garden for the cultivation of
flowers. -- Flower beetle (Zo\'94l.),
any beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. any one of numerous
small species of the genus Meligethes, family
Nitidulid\'91, some of which are injurious to
crops. -- Flower bird (Zo\'94l.),
an Australian bird of the genus Anthornis, allied
to the honey eaters. -- Flower bud, an
unopened flower. -- Flower clock, an
assemblage of flowers which open and close at different hours of
the day, thus indicating the time. -- Flower head
(Bot.), a compound flower in which all the florets
are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of the
daisy. -- Flower pecker (Zo\'94l.),
one of a family (Dic\'91id\'91) of small Indian
and Australian birds. They resemble humming birds in habits.
-- Flower piece. (a) A table ornament
made of cut flowers. (b) (Fine Arts)
A picture of flowers. -- Flower stalk
(Bot.), the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that
supports the flower or fructification.
Flow"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flowered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flowering.] [From the noun. Cf.
Flourish.] 1. To blossom; to bloom;
to expand the petals, as a plant; to produce flowers; as,
this plant flowers in June.
2. To come into the finest or fairest
condition.
Their lusty and flowering age.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
When flowered my youthful spring.
Spenser.
3. To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.
That beer did flower a little.
Bacon.
4. To come off as flowers by sublimation.
[Obs.]
Observations which have flowered off.
Milton.
Flow"er, v. t. To embellish with
flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers; as,
flowered silk.
Flow"er*age (?; 48), n. State
of flowers; flowers, collectively or in general.
Tennyson.
Flow"er-de-luce" (?), n.
[Corrupted fr. fleur-de-lis.]
(Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs
(Iris) with swordlike leaves and large three-petaled
flowers often of very gay colors, but probably white in the plant
first chosen for the royal French emblem.
Iris
Germanica, I. Florentina, I. Persica,
I. sambucina, and the American I.
versicolor, I. prismatica, etc.
Flow"er/er (?), n. A plant
which flowers or blossoms.
Many hybrids are profuse and persistent
flowerers.
Darwin.
Flow"er*et (?), n.A small
flower; a floret.
Shak.
Flow"er-fence` (?), n.
(Bot.) A tropical leguminous bush
(Poinciana, ) with
prickly branches, and showy yellow or red flowers; -- so named
from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the West
Indies.
Baird.
Flow"er*ful (?), a. Abounding
with flowers.
Craig.
Flow"er-gen`tle (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of amaranth (Amarantus
melancholicus).
Flow"er*i*ness (?), n. The
state of being flowery.
Flow"er*ing, a. (Bot.) Having
conspicuous flowers; -- used as an epithet with many names of
plants; as, flowering ash; flowering
dogwood; flowering almond, etc.
Flowering fern, a genus of showy ferns
(Osmunda), with conspicuous bivalvular sporangia. They
usually grow in wet places. -- Flowering plants,
plants which have stamens and pistils, and produce true
seeds; phenogamous plants; -- distinguished from flowerless
plants. -- Flowering rush, a European
rushlike plant (Butomus umbellatus), with an umbel of
rosy blossoms.
Flow"er*ing, n. 1. The act of
blossoming, or the season when plants blossom;
florification.
2. The act of adorning with flowers.
Flow"er*less, a. Having no
flowers.
Flowerless plants, plants which have no true
flowers, and produce no seeds; cryptigamous plants.
Flow"er*less*ness, n. State of being
without flowers.
Flow"er*pot` (?), n. A vessel,
commonly or earthenware, for earth in which plants are
grown.
Flow"er*y (?), a. 1.
Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.
2. Highly embellished with figurative language;
florid; as, a flowery style.
Milton.
The flowery kingdom, China.
Flow"er*y-kir`tled (?), a.
Dressed with garlands of flowers. [Poetic &
Rare]
Milton.
Flow"ing, a. That flows or for flowing
(in various sense of the verb); gliding along smoothly;
copious.
Flowing battery (Elec.), a battery
which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid
through the cell or cells. Knight. -- Flowing
furnace, a furnace from which molten metal, can be
drawn, as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola. --
Flowing sheet (Naut.), a sheet when
eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the
beam.
Totten.
Flow"ing (?), a. & n. from
Flow, v. i. & t.
Flow"ing*ly, adv. In a flowing
manner.
Flow"ing*ness, n. Flowing tendency or
quality; fluency. [R.]
W. Nichols.
Flowk (? , n.
(Zo\'94l.) See 1st Fluke.
Flown (?), p. p. of
Fly; -- often used with the auxiliary verb to
be; as, the birds are flown.
Flown, a. Flushed, inflated.
[Supposed by some to be a mistake for blown or
swoln.]
Pope.
Then wander forth the sons
Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.
Milton.
Floxed" silk` (?). See Floss
silk, under Floss.
Floyte (?), n. & v. A variant
of Flute. [Obs.]
Flu"ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
fluate. See Fluor.] (Chem.)
A fluoride. [Obs.]
Flu"a*vil (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon extracted
from gutta-percha, as a yellow, resinous substance; -- called
also fluanil.
Flu"can (?), n. (Mining)
Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding it.
[Written also flookan, flukan, and
fluccan.]
Fluc*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
fluctus wave + -ferous.] Tending
to produce waves.
Blount.
Fluc*tis"o*nous (?), a. [L.
fluctisonus; fluctus wave +
sonus sound.] Sounding like waves.
Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty (?; 135), n.
The capacity or ability to fluctuate.
[R.]
H. Walpole.
Fluc"tu*ant (?; 135), a. [L.
fluctuans, p.pr. of fluctuare. See
Fluctuate.] 1. Moving like a wave;
wavering; (Med.) showing undulation
or fluctuation; as, a fluctuant
tumor.
2. Floating on the waves. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Fluc"tu*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fluctuated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluctuating
(?).] [L. fluctuatus, p.p.
of fluctuare, to wave, fr. fluctus wave,
fr. fluere, fluctum, to flow. See
Fluent, and cf. Flotilla.] 1.
To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to
float backward and forward, as on waves; as, a
fluctuating field of air.
Blackmore.
2. To move now in one direction and now in another;
to be wavering or unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to
vacillate.
Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple.
-- To Fluctuate, Vacillate,
Waver. -- Fluctuate is applied both to things
and persons and denotes that they move as they are acted upon.
The stocks fluctuate; a man fluctuates.
between conflicting influences. Vacillate and
waver are applied to persons to represent them as
acting themselves. A man vacillates when he goes
backward and forward in his opinions and purposes, without any
fixity of mind or principles. A man wavers when he
shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty or
danger. One who is fluctuating in his feelings is
usually vacillating in resolve, and
wavering in execution.
Fluc"tu*ate, v. t. To cause to move as a
wave; to put in motion. [R.]
And fluctuate all the still perfume.
Tennyson.
Fluc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L.
fluctuatio; cf. F. fluctuation.]
1. A motion like that of waves; a moving in this
and that direction; as, the fluctuations of the
sea.
2. A wavering; unsteadiness; as,
fluctuations of opinion; fluctuations of
prices.
3. (Med.) The motion or undulation of a
fluid collected in a natural or artifical cavity, which is felt
when it is subjected to pressure or percussion.
Dunglison.
Flue (?), n. [Cf. OF.
flue a flowing, fr. fluer to flow, fr. L.
fluere (cf. Fluent); a perh. a corruption of
E. flute.] An inclosed passage way for
establishing and directing a current of air, gases, etc.; an air
passage; esp.: (a) A compartment or division
of a chimney for conveying flame and smoke to the outer
air. (b) A passage way for conducting a
current of fresh, foul, or heated air from one place to
another. (c) (Steam Boiler) A pipe
or passage for conveying flame and hot gases through surrounding
water in a boiler; -- distinguished from a tube which holds water
and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are called fire
tubes or simply tubes.
Flue boiler. See under Boiler.
-- Flue bridge, the separating low wall between
the flues and the laboratory of a reverberatory furnace. --
Flue plate (Steam Boiler), a plate to
which the ends of the flues are fastened; -- called also
flue sheet, tube sheet, and
tube plate. -- Flue surface
(Steam Boiler), the aggregate surface of flues
exposed to flame or the hot gases.
Flue (?), n. [Cf. F.
flou light, tender, G. flau weak, W.
llwch dust. Light down, such as
rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine lint or hair.
Dickens.
Flu"ence (?), n. Fluency.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Flu"en*cy (?), n. [L.
fluentia: cf. F. fluence. See
Fluent.] The quality of being fluent;
smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility.
The art of expressing with fluency and
perspicuity.
Macaulay.
Flu"ent (?), a. [L.
fluens, -entis, p.pr. of fluere
to flow; cf. Gr. / to boil over. Cf. Fluctuate,
Flux.] 1. Flowing or capable of
flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.
2. Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious;
having words at command; and uttering them with facility and
smoothness; as, a fluent speaker; hence,
flowing; voluble; smooth; -- said of language; as,
fluent speech.
With most fluent utterance.
Denham.
Fluent as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's
letter.
De Quincey.
Flu"ent, n. 1. A current of
water; a stream. [Obs.]
2. [Cf. F. fluente.]
(Math.) A variable quantity, considered as
increasing or diminishing; -- called, in the modern calculus, the
function or integral.
Flu"ent*ly, adv. In a fluent
manner.
Flu"ent*ness, n. The quality of being
fluent.
Flue"work` (?), n. (Mus.)
A general name for organ stops in which the sound is caused
by wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking an edge
above; -- in distinction from reedwork.
Flue"y (?), a. [2d
Flue.] Downy; fluffy. [R.]
Fluff (?), n. [Cf. 2d
Flue. / 84.] Nap or down; flue; soft, downy
feathers.
Fluff"y (?), a.
[Compar. Fluffier (?);
superl. Fluffiest.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and
downy. \'bdThe carpets were fluffy.\'b8
Thackeray.
The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the
fluffiest little whisker, perhaps, that ever was
seen.
Dickens.
-- Fluff"i*ness, n.
\'d8Fl\'81"gel (?), n. [G., a
wing.] (Mus.) A grand piano or a
harpsichord, both being wing-shaped.
Flu"gel*man (?), n. [G.
fl\'81gelman.] (Mil.) Same as
Fugleman.
Flu"id (?), a. [L.
fluidus, fr. fluere to flow: cf. F.
fluide. See Fluent.] Having
particles which easily move and change their relative position
without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to
pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.
Flu"id, n. A fluid substance; a body
whose particles move easily among themselves.
Fluid is a generic term, including
liquids and gases as species. Water, air, and steam are
fluids. By analogy, the term is sometimes applied to
electricity and magnetism, as in phrases electric
fluid, magnetic fluid, though not strictly
appropriate.
Fluid dram, Fluid
drachm, a measure of capacity equal to one
eighth of a fluid ounce. -- Fluid ounce.
(a) In the United States, a measure of capacity, in
apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth of a pint
or 29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158
ounces avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains. (b) In
England, a measure of capacity equal to the twentieth part of an
imperial pint. For water, this is the weight of the avoirdupois
ounce, or 437.5 grains. -- Fluids of the body.
(Physiol.) The circulating blood and lymph, the
chyle, the gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the
saliva, bile, urine, aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more
important fluids of the body. The tissues themselves
contain a large amount of combined water, so much, that an entire
human body dried in vacuo with a very moderate degree
of heat gives about 66 per cent of water. --
Burning fluid, Elastic fluid,
Electric fluid, Magnetic fluid, etc.
See under Burning, Elastic, etc.
Flu"id*al (?), a. Pertaining to
a fluid, or to its flowing motion.
Fluidal structure (Geol.), the
structure characteristic of certain volcanic rocks in which the
arrangement of the minute crystals shows the lines of flow of
thew molten material before solidification; -- also called
fluxion structure.
Flu*in"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
fluidit\'82.] The quality of being fluid or
capable of flowing; a liquid, a\'89riform. or gaseous state; --
opposed to solidity.
It was this want of organization, this looseness and
fluidity of the new movement, that made it penetrate
through every class of society.
J. R. Green.
Flu"id*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fluidized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluidizing.] To render fluid.
Flu"id*ness, n. The state of being
flluid; fluidity.
Flu"id*ounce`, n. See Fluid
ounce, under Fluid.
Flu"i*drachm` (?), n. See
Fluid dram, under Fluid.
Pharm. of the U. S.
Flu"kan (?), n. (Mining)
Flucan.
<-- p. 575 -->
Fluke (?), n. [Cf. LG.
flunk, flunka wing, the palm of an anchor;
perh. akin to E. fly.] 1. The part
of an anchor which fastens in the ground; a flook. See
Anchor.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the lobes of a
whale's tail, so called from the resemblance to the fluke of an
anchor.
3. An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in
stone for blasting.
4. An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards
(called a scratch in the United States); hence, any
accidental or unexpected advantage; as, he won by a
fluke. [Cant, Eng.]
A. Trollope.
Fluke"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as 1st Fluke, 2.
Fluk"y (?), a. Formed like, or
having, a fluke.
Flume (?), n. [Cf. OE.
flum river, OF, flum, fr. L.
flumen, fr. fluere to flow. \'fb84. See
Fluent.] A stream; especially, a passage
channel, or conduit for the water that drives a mill wheel; or an
artifical channel of water for hydraulic or placer mining; also,
a chute for conveying logs or lumber down a declivity.
Flu"mi*nous (?), a. [L.
flumen, fluminis, river.]
Pertaining to rivers; abounding in streama.
Flum"mer*y (?), n. [W.
llumru, or llumruwd, a kind of food made of
oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr.
llumrig harsh, raw, crude, fr. llum sharp,
severe.] 1. A light kind of food, formerly
made of flour or meal; a sort of pap.
Milk and flummery are very fit for children.
Locke.
2. Something insipid, or not worth having; empty
compliment; trash; unsubstantial talk of writing.
The flummery of modern criticism.
J. Morley.
Flung (?), imp. & p. p. of
Fling.
Flunk (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flunked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flunking.] [Cf. Funk.]
To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an
undertaking, through fear.
Flunk, v. t. To fail in; to shirk, as a
task or duty. [Colloq. U.S.]
Flunk, n. A failure or backing
out; specifically (College cant), a total
failure in a recitation. [U.S.]
Flun"ky (?), n.; pl.
Flunkies (#). [Prob. fr. or akin
to flank.] [Written also
flunkey.] 1. A contemptuous name
for a liveried servant or a footman.
2. One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.
3. One easily deceived in buying stocks; an
inexperienced and unwary jobber. [Cant, U.S.]
Flun"ky*dom (?), n. The place
or region of flunkies.
C. Kingsley.
Flun"ly*ism (?), n. The quality
or characteristics of a flunky; readiness to cringe to those who
are superior in wealth or position; toadyism.
Thackeray.
Flu"o- (/). (Chem.) A
combining form indicating fluorine as an ingredient;
as in fluosilicate, fluobenzene.
Flu`o*bo"rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
fluoborate.] (Chem.) A salt of
fluoboric acid; a fluoboride.
Flu`o*bo"ric (?), a.
[Fluo- boric: cf. F.
fluoborique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and boron.
Fluoridic acid (Chem.), a double
fluoride, consisting essentially of a solution of boron fluoride,
in hydrofluoric acid. It has strong acid properties, and is the
type of the borofluorides. Called also borofluoric
acid.
Flu`o*bo"ride (?), n.
(Chem.) See Borofluoride.
{ Flu`o*ce"rine (?),
Flu`o*ce"rite (?) }, n.
[Fluo- + cerium.]
(Min.) A fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun
in Sweden. Tynosite, from Colorado, is probably the same
mineral.
Flu`o*hy"dric (?), a.
[Fluo- + hydrogen.]
(Chem.) See Hydrofluoric.
Flu`o*phos"phate (?), n.
[Fluo- + phosphate.]
(Chem.) A double salt of fluoric and phosphoric
acids.
\'d8Flu"or (?), n. [L., a
flowing, fr. fluere to flow. See
Fluent.] 1. A fluid state.
[Obs.]
Sir I. Newton.
2. Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses.
[Obs.]
3. (Min.) See Fluorite.
\'d8Flu"or albus (?). [L., white
flow.] (Med.) The whites;
leucorrh\'91a.
Flu`or*an"thene (?), n.
[Fluorene + anthra/ene.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon C/H/,
of a complex structure, found as one ingrdient of the higher
boiling portion of coal tar.
Flu"or*a`ted (?), a.
(Chem.) Combined with fluorine; subjected to the
action of fluoride. [R.]
Flu`or*ene (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon,
C13H10 having a beautiful violet
fluorescence; whence its name. It occurs in the higher
boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.
Flu`o*res"ce*in (?), n.
(Chem.) A yellowish red, crystalline substance,
C20H12O5, produced by heating together phthalic
anhydride and resorcin; -- so called, from the very brilliant
yellowish green fluorescence of its alkaline
solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies
are known to the trade under the name of uranin.
Flu`o*res"cence (?), n. [From
Fluor.] (Opt.) That property which
some transparent bodies have of producing at their surface, or
within their substance, light different in color from the mass of
the material, as when green crystals of fluor spar afford blue
reflections. It is due not to the difference in the color of a
distinct surface layer, but to the power which the substance has
of modifying the light incident upon it. The light emitted by
fluorescent substances is in general of lower refrangibility than
the incident light.
Stockes.
Flu`o*res"cent (?), a. Having
the property of fluorescence.
Flu`o*res"cin (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless, amorphous substance which is
produced by the reduction of fluoresce\'8bn, and from which the
latter may be formed by oxidation.
Flu*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
fluorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, obtained from, or containing, fluorine.
Flu"or*ide (? , n.
[Cf. F. fluoride.] (Chem.)
A binary compound of fluorine with another element or
radical.
Calcium fluoride (Min.), fluorite,
CaF2. See Fluorite.
Flu"or*ine (? , n.
[NL. fluorina: cf. G. fluorin, F.
fluorine. So called from its occurrence in the mineral
fluorite.] (Chem.) A
non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, or
associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen
group of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined,
is very active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most
elements, and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared
nor kept in glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the
containing material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It
is a pungent, corrosive, colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight
19.
Fluorine unites with hydrogen to form
hydrofluoric acid, which is the agent employed in etching glass.
It occurs naturally, principally combined as calcium fluoride in
fluorite, and as a double fluoride of aluminium and
sodium in cryolite.
Flu"or*ite (?), n. (Min.)
Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different colors, white,
yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful,
crystallizing commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage;
also massive. It is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for
ornamental vessels. Also called fluor spar, or
simply fluor.
Flu"or*oid (?), n.
[Fluor + -oid.]
(Crystallog.) A tetrahexahedron; -- so called
because it is a common form of fluorite.
Flu*or"o*scope (?), n.
[Fluorescence + -scope.]
(Phys.) An instrument for observing or exhibiting
fluorescence.
Flu"or*ous (?), a. Pertaining
to fluor.
Flu"or spar` (?). (Min.) See
Fluorite.
Flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Cf.
F. fluosilicate.] (Chem.) A
double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element
or radical, regarded as a salt of fluosilicic acid; --
called also silicofluoride.
Flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a.
[Fluo- + silicic: cf. F.
fluosilicique.] (Chem.) Composed
of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine.
Fluosilicic acid, a double fluoride of
hydrogen and silicon, H2F6Si, obtained in
solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as the
type of the fluosilicates; -- called also silicofluoric
acid, and hydrofluosilicic
acid.
Flur"ried (?), a. Agitated;
excited. -- Flur"ried*ly
adv.
Flur"ry (?), n.; pl.
Flurries (#). [Prov. E.
flur to ruffle.] 1. A sudden and
brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; as, a
flurry of wind.
2. A light shower or snowfall accompanied with
wind.
Like a flurry of snow on the whistling wind.
Longfellow.
3. Violent agitation; commotion; bustle;
hurry.
The racket and flurry of London.
Blakw. Mag.
4. The violent spasms of a dying whale.
Flur"ry, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Flurried (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Flurrying.] To put in a state
of agitation; to excite or alarm.
H. Swinburne.
Flurt (?), n. A flirt.
[Obs.]
Quarles.
Flush (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Flushed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flushing.] [Cf. OE. fluschen
to fly up, penetrate, F. fluz a flowing, E.
flux, dial. Sw. flossa to blaze, and E.
flash; perh. influenced by blush.
\'fb84.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly; to
rush; as, blood flushes into the face.
The flushing noise of many waters.
Boyle.
It flushes violently out of the cock.
Mortimer.
2. To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to
turn red; to blush.
3. To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.
In her cheek, distemper flushing glowed.
Milton.
4. To star/ up suddenly; to take wing as a
bird.
Flushing from one spray unto another.
W. Browne.
Flush, v. t. 1. To cause to be
full; to flood; to overflow; to overwhelm with water; as, to
flush the meadows; to flood for the purpose of
cleaning; as, to flush a sewer.
2. To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to
put to the blush, or to cause to glow with excitement.
Nor flush with shame the passing virgin's
cheek.
Gay.
Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose,
Flushing his brow.
Keats.
3. To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as
if suffused with blood.
How faintly flushed. how phantom fair,
Was Monte Rosa, hanging there!
Tennyson.
4. To excite; to animate; to stir.
Such things as can only feed his pride and flush
his ambition.
South.
5. To cause to start, as a hunter a bird.
Nares.
To flush a joints (Masonry), to
fill them in; to point the level; to make them flush.
Flush, n. 1. A sudden flowing;
a rush which fills or overflows, as of water for cleansing
purposes.
In manner of a wave or flush.
Ray.
2. A suffusion of the face with blood, as from
fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a
blush; a glow.
The flush of angered shame.
Tennyson.
3. Any tinge of red color like that produced on the
cheeks by a sudden rush of blood; as, the flush on
the side of a peach; the flush on the clouds at
sunset.
4. A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of
excitement. animation, etc.; as, a flush of
joy.
5. A flock of birds suddenly started up or
flushed.
6. [From F. or Sp. flux. Cf.
Flux.] A hand of cards of the same
suit.<-- other than poker? -->
Flush, a. 1. Full of vigor;
fresh; glowing; bright.
With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as
May.
Shak.
2. Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled;
hence, liberal; prodigal.
Lord Strut was not very flush in ready.
Arbuthnot.
3. (Arch. & Mech.) Unbroken or even in
surface; on a level with the adjacent surface; forming a
continuous surface; as, a flush panel; a
flush joint.
4. (Card Playing) Consisting of cards of
one suit.
Flush bolt. (a) A screw bolt whose
head is countersunk, so as to be flush with a surface.
(b) A sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a
door, so as to be flush therewith. -- Flush deck.
(Naut.) See under Deck, n.,
1. -- Flush tank, a water tank which can be
emptied rapidly for flushing drainpipes, etc.
Flush (?), adv. So as to be
level or even.
Flush"board` (?), n. Same as
Flashboard.
Flush"er (?), n. 1. A
workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing them with
water.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The red-backed shrike. See
Flasher.
Flush"ing, n. 1. A heavy,
coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; -- commonly in the
/ [Eng.]
2. (Weaving) A surface formed of
floating threads.
Flush"ing*ly, adv. In a flushing
manner.
Flush"ness, n. The state of being flush;
abundance.
Flus"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Flustered; p.
pr. & vb. n. Flustering.] [Cf.
Icel. flaustra to be flustered, flaustr a
fluster.] To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to
heat; hence, to throw into agitation and confusion; to confuse;
to muddle.
His habit or flustering himself daily with
claret.
Macaulay.
Flus"ter, v. i. To be in a heat or
bustle; to be agitated and confused.
The flstering, vainglorious Greeks.
South.
Flus"ter, n. Heat or glow, as from
drinking; agitation mingled with confusion; disorder.
Flus`ter*a"tion (?), n. The act
of flustering, or the state of being flustered; fluster.
[Colloq.]
Flus"trate (?), v. t. [See
Fluster, v. t.] To fluster.
[Colloq.]
Spectator.
Flus*tra"tion (?), n. The act
of flustrating; confusion; flurry. [Colloq.]
Richardson.
Flute (?), n. [OE.
floute, floite, fr. OF.
fla\'81te, flahute, flahuste, F.
fl/te; cf. LL. flauta, D.
fluit. See Flute, v. i.]
1. A musical wind instrument, consisting of a
hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by
the fingers or by keys which are opened by the fingers. The
modern flute is closed at the upper end, and blown with the mouth
at a lateral hole.
The breathing flute's soft notes are heard
around.
Pope.
2. (Arch.) A channel of curved section;
-- usually applied to one of a vertical series of such channels
used to decorate columns and pilasters in classical architecture.
See Illust. under Base, n.
3. A similar channel or groove made in wood or
other material, esp. in plaited cloth, as in a lady's
ruffle.
4. A long French breakfast roll.
Simonds.
5. A stop in an organ, having a flutelike
sound.
Flute bit, a boring tool for piercing ebony,
rosewood, and other hard woods. -- Flute pipe,
an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter which imparts
vibrations to / column of air in the pipe.
Knight.
Flute (?), n. [Cf. F.
fl/te a transport, D. fluit.]
A kindof flyboat; a storeship.
Armed en fl\'96te (/)
(Nav.), partially armed.
Flute (?), v. i. [OE.
flouten, floiten, OF.
fla\'81ter, fle\'81ter,
flouster, F. fl\'96ter, cf. D.
fluiten; ascribed to an assumed LL.
flautare, flatuare, fr. L.
flatus a blowing, fr. flare to blow. Cf.
Flout, Flageolet, Flatulent.]
To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a flutelike
sound.
Flute, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fluted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluting (?).] 1. To
play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a
flute.
Knaves are men,
That lute and flute fantastic tenderness.
Tennyson.
The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.
Emerson.
2. To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a
ruffle, etc.
\'d8Fl\'96te` \'85 bec" (?). [F.]
(Mus.) A beak flute, an older form of the flute,
played with a mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a
flageolet.
Flut"ed (?), a. 1.
Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; as,
fluted notes.
Busby.
2. Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved;
as, a fluted column; a fluted ruffle; a
fluted spectrum.
Flute"mouth` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus
Aulostoma, having a much elongated tubular
snout.
Flut"er (?), n. 1. One
who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.
2. One who makes grooves or flutings.
Flut"ing, n. Decoration by means of
flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes collectively; as, the
fluting of a column or pilaster; the fluting of
a lady's ruffle.
Fluting iron, a laundry iron for fluting
ruffles; -- called also Italian iron, or
gaufering iron. Knight. --
Fluting lathe, a machine for forming spiral
flutes, as on balusters, table legs, etc.
Flut"ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
fl\'96tiste.] A performer on the flute; a
flautist.
Busby.
<-- p. 576 -->
2. To move with quick vibrations or undulations;
as, a sail flutters in the wind; a
fluttering fan.
3. To move about briskly, irregularly, or with
great bustle and show, without much result.
No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit,
That once so fluttered, and that once so writ.
Pope.
4. To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to
flucttuate; to be uncertainty.
Long we fluttered on the wings of doubtful
success.
Howell.
His thoughts are very fluttering and
wandering.
I. Watts.
Flut"ter (?), v. t. 1.
To vibrate or move quickly; as, a bird flutters
its wings.
2. To drive in disorder; to throw into
confusion.
Like an eagle in a dovecote, I
Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli.
Shak.
Flut"ter, n. 1. The act of
fluttering; quick and irregular motion; vibration; as, the
flutter of a fan.
The chirp and flutter of some single bird
Milnes. .
2. Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion;
disorder.
Pope.
Flutter wheel, a water wheel placed below a
fall or in a chute where rapidly moving water strikes the tips of
the floats; -- so called from the spattering, and the fluttering
noise it makes.
Flut"ter*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, flutters.
Flut"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a fluttering
manner.
Flut"y (?), a. Soft and clear
in tone, like a flute.
Flu"vi*al (?), a. [L.
fluvialis, from fluvius river, fr.
fluere to flow: cf.F. fluvial. See
Fluent.] Belonging to rivers; growing or
living in streams or ponds; as, a fluvial
plant.
Flu"vi*al*ist, n. One who exlpains
geological phenomena by the action of streams.
[R.]
Flu`vi*at"ic (?), a. [L.
fluviaticus. See Fluvial.]
Belonging to rivers or streams; fluviatile.
Johnson.
Flu"vi*a*tile (?), a. [L.
fluviatilis, fr. fluvius river: cf. F.
fluviatile.] Belonging to rivers or
streams; existing in or about rivers; produced by river action;
fluvial; as, fluviatile starta, plants.
Lyell.
Flu`vi*o-ma*rine" (?), a. [L.
fluvius river + E. marine.]
(Geol.) Formed by the joint action of a river and
the sea, as deposits at the mouths of rivers.
Flux (?), n. [L.
fluxus, fr. fluere, fluxum,to
flow: cf.F. flux. See Fluent, and cf. 1st &
2d Floss, Flush, n., 6.]
1. The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or
passing by, as of a flowing stream; constant succession;
change.
By the perpetual flux of the liquids, a great part
of them is thrown out of the body.
Arbuthnot.
Her image has escaped the flux of things,
And that same infant beauty that she wore
Is fixed upon her now forevermore.
Trench.
Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual
flux.
Felton.
2. The setting in of the tide toward the shore, --
the (/)bb being called the reflux.
3. The state of beinng liquid through heat;
fusion.
4. (Chem.& Metal.) Any substance or
mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as
alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.
White flux is the residuum of the
combustion of a mixture of equal parts of niter and tartar. It
consists chiefly of the carbonate of potassium, and is white.-
Black flux is the ressiduum of the combustion of one
part of niter and two of tartar, and consists essentially of a
mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.
5. (Med.) (a) A fluid discharge
from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and
morbid discharge; as, the bloody flux or
dysentery. See Bloody flux. (b)
The matter thus discharged.
6. (Physics) The quantity of a fluid
that crosses a unit area of a given surface in a unit of
time.
Flux, a. [L. fluxus, p. p. of
fluere. See Flux, n.]
Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.
The flux nature of all things here.
Barrow.
Flux, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fluxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluxing.] 1. To affect, or
bring to a certain state, by flux.
He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or
fluxed into another world.
South.
2. To cause to become fluid; to fuse.
Kirwan.
3. (Med.) To cause a discharge from; to
purge.
Flux*a"tion (?), n. The act of
fluxing.
Flux`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
LL. fluxibilitas fluidity.] The quality of
being fluxible.
Hammond.
Flux"i*ble (?), a. [Cf.LL.
fluxibilis fluid, OF. fluxible.]
Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral.
Holland.
-- Flux"i*ble*ness, n.
Flux"ile (?), a. [L.
fluxilis, a., fluid.]
Fluxible. [R.]
Flux*il"i*ty (?), n. State of
being fluxible.[Obs.]
Flux"ion (?), n. [Cf. F.
fluxion.] The act of flowing.
Cotgrave.
2. The matter that flows.
Wiseman.
3. Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid
state.
4. (Med.) An unnatural or excessive flow
of blood or fluid toward any organ; a determination.
5. A constantly varying indication.
Less to be counted than the fluxions of sun
dials.
De Quincey.
6. (Math.) (a) The infinitely
small increase or decrease of a variable or flowing quantity in a
certain infinitely small and constant period of time; the rate of
variation of a fluent; an incerement; a differential.
(b) pl. A method of analysis developed
by Newton, and based on the conception of all magnitudes as
generated by motion, and involving in their changes the notion of
velocity or rate of change. Its results are the same as those of
the differential and integral calculus, from which it differs
little except in notation and logical method.
Flux"ion*al (?), a. Pertaining
to, or having the nature of, fluxion or fluxions; variable;
inconstant.
The merely human,the temporary and fluxional.
Coleridge.
Fluxional structure (Geol.),
fluidal structure.
Flux"ion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Fluxional.
Berkeley.
2. (Med.) Pertaining to, or caused by,
an increased flow of blood to a part; congestive; as, a
fluxionary hemorrhage.
Flux"ion*ist, n. One skilled in
fluxions.
Berkeley.
Flux"ions (?), n. pl.
(Math.) See Fluxion,
6(b).
Flux"ive (?), a. Flowing; also,
wanting solidity.
B. Jonson.
Flux"ure (?; 138), n. [L.
fluxura a flowing.] 1. The quality
of being fluid. [Obs.]
Fielding.
2. Fluid matter. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Fly (?), v. i.
[imp. Flew (?); p.
p. Flown (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flying.] [OE. fleen,
fleen, fleyen, flegen, AS.
fle\'a2gan; akin to D. vliegen, ONG.
fliogan, G. fliegen, Icel.
flj/ga, Sw. flyga, Dan. flyve,
Goth. us-flaugjan to cause to fly away, blow about,
and perh. to L. pluma feather, E. plume.
/ 84. Cf. Fledge, Flight, Flock of
animals.] 1. To move in or pass thorugh the
air with wings, as a bird.
2. To move through the air or before the wind;
esp., to pass or be driven rapidly through the air by any
impulse.
3. To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or
a flag.
Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly
upward.
Job v. 7.
4. To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to
circulate rapidly; as, a ship flies on the deep; a
top flies around; rumor flies.
Fly, envious Time, till thou run out thy race.
Milton.
The dark waves murmured as the ships flew on.
Bryant.
5. To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to
flee; as, an enemy or a coward flies. See Note
under Flee.
Fly, ere evil intercept thy flight.
Milton.
Whither shall I fly to escape their hands ?
Shak.
6. To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act
suddenly or swiftly; -- usually with a qualifying word; as, a
door flies open; a bomb flies apart.
To fly about (Naut.), to change
frequently in a short time; -- said of the wind. -- To
fly around, to move about in haste.
[Colloq.] -- To fly at, to spring
toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly. -- To fly in
the face of, to insult; to assail; to set at defiance;
to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition to; to
resist. -- To fly off, to separate, or become
detached suddenly; to revolt. -- To fly on,
to attack. -- To fly open, to open
suddenly, or with violence. -- To fly out.
(a) To rush out. (b) To burst into
a passion; to break out into license. -- To let
fly. (a) To throw or drive with
violence; to discharge. \'bdA man lets fly his
arrow without taking any aim.\'b8 Addison.
(b) (Naut.) To let go suddenly and
entirely; as, to let fly the sheets.
Fly, v. t. 1. To cause to fly
or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag, etc.
The brave black flag I fly.
W. S. Gilbert.
2. To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.
Sleep flies the wretch.
Dryden.
To fly the favors of so good a king.
Shak.
3. To hunt with a hawk. [Obs.]
Bacon.
To fly a kite (Com.), to raise
money on commercial notes. [Cant or Slang]
Fly, n.; pl. Flies
(#). [OE. flie, flege,
AS. fl?ge, fle\'a2ge, fr.
fle\'a2gan to fly; akin to D. vlieg, OHG.
flioga, G. fliege, Icel. & Sw.
fluga, Dan. flue. / 84. See Fly,
v. i.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any winged insect; esp., one with transparent
wings; as, the Spanish fly; firefly; gall
fly; dragon fly. (b)
Any dipterous insect; as, the house fly; flesh
fly; black fly. See Diptera, and
Illust. in Append.
2. A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, --
used for fishing. \'bdThe fur-wrought fly.\'b8
Gay.
<-- fly fishing, fly fisherman. -->
3. A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant.
[Obs.]
A trifling fly, none of your great familiars.
B. Jonson.
4. A parasite. [Obs.]
Massinger.
5. A kind of light carriage for rapid transit,
plying for hire and usually drawn by one horse.
[Eng.]
6. The length of an extended flag from its staff;
sometimes, the length from the \'bdunion\'b8 to the extreme
end.
7. The part of a vane pointing the direction from
which the wind blows.
8. (Naut.) That part of a compass on
which the points are marked; the compass card.
Totten.
9. (Mech.) (a) Two or more
vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or to equalize
or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of the air,
as in the striking part of a clock. (b) A
heavy wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a
revolving axis, to regulate or equalize the motion of machinery
by means of its inertia, where the power communicated, or the
resistance to be overcome, is variable, as in the steam engine or
the coining press. See Fly wheel (below).
10. (Knitting Machine) The piece hinged
to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in position while the
needle is penetrating another loop; a latch.
Knight.
11. The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin,
in a spinning wheel or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.
12. (Weaving) A shuttle driven through
the shed by a blow or jerk.
Knight.
13. (a) Formerly, the person who took the
printed sheets from the press. (b) A
vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a power
printing press for doing the same work.
14. The outer canvas of a tent with double top,
usually drawn over the ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the
roof of the tent at no other place.
15. One of the upper screens of a stage in a
theater.
16. The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on
trousers, overcoats, etc., to conceal a row of buttons.
17. (Baseball) A batted ball that flies
to a considerable distance, usually high in the air; also, the
flight of a ball so struck; as, it was caught on the
fly.
Black fly, Cheese fly,
Dragon fly, etc. See under Black,
Cheese, etc. -- Fly agaric
(Bot.), a mushroom (Agaricus
muscarius), having a narcotic juice which, in sufficient
quantities, is poisonous. -- Fly block
(Naut.), a pulley whose position shifts to suit
the working of the tackle with which it is connected; -- used in
the hoisting tackle of yards. -- Fly board
(Printing Press), the board on which printed
sheets are deposited by the fly. -- Fly book,
a case in the form of a book for anglers' flies.
Kingsley. -- Fly cap, a cap with wings,
formerly worn by women. -- Fly drill, a drill
having a reciprocating motion controlled by a fly wheel, the
driving power being applied by the hand through a cord winding in
reverse directions upon the spindle as it rotates backward and
forward. Knight. -- Fly fishing, the
act or art of angling with a bait of natural or artificial
flies. Walton. -- Fly flap, an
implement for killing flies. -- Fly governor,
a governor for regulating the speed of an engine, etc., by
the resistance of vanes revolving in the air. -- Fly
honeysuckle (Bot.), a plant of the
honeysuckle genus (Lonicera), having a bushy stem and
the flowers in pairs, as L. ciliata and L.
Xylosteum. -- Fly hook, a fishhook
supplied with an artificial fly. -- Fly leaf,
an unprinted leaf at the beginning or end of a book,
circular, programme, etc. -- Fly maggot,
a maggot bred from the egg of a fly. Ray. --
Fly net, a screen to exclude insects. --
Fly nut (Mach.), a nut with wings; a
thumb nut; a finger nut. -- Fly orchis
(Bot.), a plant (Ophrys muscifera),
whose flowers resemble flies. -- Fly paper,
poisoned or sticky paper for killing flies that feed upon or
are entangled by it. -- Fly powder, an
arsenical powder used to poison flies. -- Fly
press, a screw press for punching, embossing, etc.,
operated by hand and having a heavy fly. -- Fly
rail, a bracket which turns out to support the hinged
leaf of a table. -- Fly rod, a light fishing
rod used in angling with a fly. -- Fly sheet,
a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill. -- Fly
snapper (Zo\'94l.), an American bird
(Phainopepla nitens), allied to the chatterers and
shrikes. The male is glossy blue-black; the female brownish
gray. -- Fly wheel (Mach.), a heavy
wheel attached to machinery to equalize the movement (opposing
any sudden acceleration by its inertia and any retardation by its
momentum), and to accumulate or give out energy for a variable or
intermitting resistance. See Fly, n., 9.
-- On the fly (Baseball), still
in the air; -- said of a batted ball caught before touching the
ground.<-- (b) at the moment needed, without prior
preparation. -- said of objects created as needed in the course
of some activity, rather than having been prepared before the
activity began. A term Much used in computer programming. (c)
busy; in motion.-->.
Fly (?), a. Knowing; wide
awake; fully understanding another's meaning.
[Slang]
Dickens.
Fly"bane` (?), n. (Bot.)
A kind of catchfly of the genus Silene; also, a
poisonous mushroom (Agaricus muscarius); fly
agaric.
Fly"-bit`ten (?), a. Marked by,
or as if by, the bite of flies.
Shak.
Fly"blow` (?), v. t. To deposit
eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat; to cause to be maggoty;
hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with flyblows.
Bp. Srillingfleet.
Fly"blow`, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of the eggs or young larv\'91 deposited by a flesh fly, or
blowfly.
Fly"blown` (?), a. Tainted or
contaminated with flyblows; damaged; foul.
Wherever flyblown reputations were assembled.
Thackeray.
Fly"boat` (?), n.
[Fly + boat: cf. D.
vlieboot.] 1. (Naut.) A
large Dutch coasting vessel.
Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the
northwest with two flyboats.
Purchas.
2. A kind of passenger boat formerly used on
canals.
Fly"-case` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The covering of an insect, esp. the
elytra of beetles.
Fly"catch`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of birds that
feed upon insects, which they take on the wing.
Muscicapid\'91, as the
spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola). The American
flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are Clamatores, and belong to
the family Tyrannid\'91, as the kingbird, pewee,
crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), and the
vermilion flycatcher or churinche (Pyrocephalus
rubineus). Certain American flycatching warblers of the
family Sylvicolid\'91 are also called flycatchers, as
the Canadian flycatcher (Sylvania Canadensis), and the
hooded flycatcher (S. mitrata). See Tyrant
flycatcher.
Fly"-catch`ing, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Having the habit of catching insects on the wing.
Fly"er (?), n. [See
Flier.] 1. One that uses
wings.
2. The fly of a flag: See Fly,
n., 6.
3. Anything that is scattered abroad in great
numbers as a theatrical programme, an advertising leaf,
etc.
4. (Arch.) One in a flight of steps
which are parallel to each other(as in ordinary stairs), as
distinguished from a winder.
5. The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a
spinning frame, over which the thread passes to the bobbin; -- so
called from their swift revolution. See Fly,
n., 11.
6. The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill
as the wind veers.
Internat. Cyc.
7. (Stock Jobbing) A small operation not
involving ? considerable part of one's capital, or not in the
line of one's ordinary business; a venture.
[Cant]
Bartlett.
Fly"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A California scorp\'91noid fish
(Sebastichthys rhodochloris), having brilliant
colors.
Fly"-fish, v. i. To angle, using flies
for bait.
Walton.
Fly"ing (?), a. [From
Fly, v. i.] Moving in the air
with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for
rapid movement.
<-- p. 577 -->
Flying army (Mil.) a body of
cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons
and to keep the enemy in continual alarm. Farrow.
--Flying artillery (Mil.), artillery
trained to rapid evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or
trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change
position. -- Flying bridge, Flying
camp. See under Bridge, and
Camp. -- Flying buttress
(Arch.), a contrivance for taking up the thrust of
a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary
buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually
sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress
sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied
only to the straight bar with supporting arch. --
Flying colors, flags unfurled and waving in the
air; hence: To come off with flying colors,
to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an
undertaking. -- Flying doe (Zo\'94l.),
a young female kangaroo. -- Flying dragon.
(a) (Zo\'94l.) See Dragon,
6. (b) A meteor. See under
Dragon. -- Flying Dutchman. (a)
A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the
seas till the day of judgment. (b) A spectral
ship. -- Flying fish. (Zo\'94l.)
See Flying fish, in the Vocabulary. --
Flying fox (Zo\'94l.), the colugo.
-- Flying frog (Zo\'94l.), an East
Indian tree frog of the genus Rhacophorus, having very
large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and
enable it to make very long leaps. -- Flying
gurnard (Zo\'94l.), a species of gurnard of
the genus Cephalacanthus or Dactylopterus,
with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the
flying fish, but not for so great a distance. Three
species are known; that of the Atlantic is Cephalacanthus
volitans. -- Flying jib
(Naut.), a sail extended outside of the standing
jib, on the flying-jib boom. -- Flying-jib boom
(Naut.), an extension of the jib boom. --
Flying kites (Naut.), light sails
carried only in fine weather. -- Flying lemur.
(Zo\'94l.) See Colugo. --
Flying level (Civil Engin.), a
reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal,
etc. -- Flying lizard. (Zo\'94l.)
See Dragon, n, 6. --
Flying machine, an apparatus for navigating
the air; a form of balloon. -- Flying mouse
(Zo\'94l.), the opossum mouse (Acrobates
pygm\'91us), of Australia. It has lateral folds
of skin, like the flying squirrels. -- Flying
party (Mil.), a body of soldiers detailed to
hover about an enemy. -- Flying phalanger
(Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small
marsuupials of the genera Petaurus and
Belideus, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral
folds like those of the flying squirrels. The sugar squirrel
(B. sciureus), and the ariel (B. ariel),
are the best known; -- called also squirrel
petaurus and flying squirrel. See
Sugar squirrel. -- Flying pinion,
the fly of a clock. -- Flying sap
(Mil.), the rapid construction of trenches (when
the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple
trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and
filled with earth. -- Flying shot, a shot
fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing. --
Flying spider. (Zo\'94l.) See
Ballooning spider. -- Flying squid
(Zo\'94l.), an oceanic squid (Ommastrephes,
), abundant in the Gulf
Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force
that it often falls on the deck of a vessel. -- Flying
squirrel (Zo\'94l.) See Flying
squirrel, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying
start, a start in a sailing race in which the signal is
given while the vessels are under way. -- Flying
torch (Mil.), a torch attached to a
long staff and used for signaling at night.
Fly"ing fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
fish which is able to leap from the water, and fly a considerable
distance by means of its large and long pectoral fins. These
fishes belong to several species of the genus
Exoc\'d2tus, and are found in the warmer parts of all
the oceans.
Fly"ing squir"rel (? or ?).
(Zo\'94l.) One of a group of squirrels, of the
genera Pteromus and Sciuropterus, having
parachute-like folds of skin extending from the fore to the hind
legs, which enable them to make very long leaps.
(Sciuropterus volucella) is also called Assapan. The
Australian flying squrrels, or flying phalangers, are marsupials.
See Flying phalanger (above).
Fly"man (?), n.; pl.
Flymen (-m?n). The driver of a
fly, or light public carriage.
Flysch (fl?sh), n. [A Swiss
word, fr. G. fliessen to flow, melt.]
(Geol.) A name given to the series of sandstones
and schists overlying the true nummulitic formation in the Alps,
and included in the Eocene Tertiary.
Fly"speck (fl?'sp?k), n. A
speck or stain made by the excrement of a fly; hence, any
insignificant dot.
Fly"speck (?), v. t. To soil
with flyspecks.
Fly"trap (?), n. 1 . A
trap for catching flies. 2. (Bot.)
A plant (Dion\'91a muscipula), called also
Venus's flytrap, the leaves of which are fringed with stiff
bristles, and fold together when certain hairs on their upper
surface are touched, thus seizing insects that light on them. The
insects so caught are afterwards digested by a secretion from the
upper surface of the leaves.
Fnese (?), v. i. [AS.
fn?san, gefn?san.] To breathe
heavily; to snort. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fo (?), n. The Chinese name of
Buddha.
Foal (?), n. [OE.
fole, AS. fola; akin to OHG.
folo, G. fohlen, Goth. fula,
Icel. foli, Sw Lf?le, Gr.?????, L.
pullus a young animal. Cf. Filly,
Poultry, Pullet.] (Zo\'94.)
The young of any animal of the Horse family
(Equid\'91); a colt; a filly.
Foal teeth (Zo\'94l.), the first
set of teeth of a horse. -- In foal,
With foal, being with young; pregnant; --
said of a mare or she ass.
Foal (?), v.t.
[imp.& p.p. Foaled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Foaling.] To
bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.
Foal (?), v.i. To bring forth
young, as an animal of the horse kind.
Foal"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) See
Coltsfoot.
Foam (?), n. [OE. fam,
fom, AS. f?m; akin to OHG. & G.
feim.] The white substance, consisting of
an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of
liquids,or in the mouth of an animal, by violent agitation or
fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as, the foam of the
sea.
Foam cock, in steam boilers, a cock at the
water level, to blow off impurities.
Foam (?), v.i. [imp.&
p.p. Foamed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.pos>
Foaming.] [AS. f?man. See Foam,
n.] 1. To gather foam; to froth; as, the
billows foam.
He foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth.
Mark ix. 18.
2. To form foam, or become filled with foam; --
said of a steam boiler when the water is unduly agitated and
frothy, as because of chemical action.
Foam (?), v.t. To cause to
foam; as,to foam the goblet; also (with out), to throw out with
rage or violence, as foam. "Foaming out their own shame."
Jude 13.
Foam"ing*ly (?), adv. With
foam; frothily.
Foam"less (?), a. Having no
foam.
Foam"y (?), a. Covered with
foam; frothy; spumy.
Behold how high the foamy billows ride!
Dryden.
Fob (?), n. [Cf.Prov. G. fuppe
pocket.] A little pocket for a watch.
Fob chain, a short watch chain worn a watch
carried in the fob.
Fob (?), v.t. [imp.
& p. p. Fobbed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fobbing.] [Cf.Fop.]
1. To beat; to maul. [Obs.]
2. To cheat; to trick; to impose on.
Shak.
To fob off, to shift off by an artifice; to
put aside; to delude with a trick."A conspiracy of bishops could
prostrate and fob off the right of the people."
Milton.
Fo"cal (?), a. [Cf.F.
focal. See Focus.] Belonging to,or
concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.
Focal distance, or length,of a lens or mirror
(Opt.), the distance of the focus from the surface
of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the case of a lens,
from its optical center. --Focal distance of a
telescope, the distance of the image of an object from
the object glass.
Fo`cal*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of focalizing or bringing to a focus, or the state of being
focalized.
Fo"cal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp.& p. p. Focalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Focalizing
(?).] To bring to a focus; to focus; to
concentrate.
Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear.
De Quincey.
Foc"il*late (?), v. t. [L.
focilatus,p.p. of focillare.] To nourish.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Foc`il*la"tion (?), n. Comfort;
support. [Obs.]
Fo*cim"e*ter (?), n.
[Focus + -meter.] (Photog.)
An assisting instrument for focusing an object in or before a
camera.
Knight.
Fo"cus (?), n.; pl. E.
Focuses (#), L. Foci
(#). [L. focus hearth, fireplace; perh. akin
to E. bake. Cf. Curfew, Fuel, Fusil
the firearm.] 1. (Opt.) A point in
which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refrcted,
and at which the image is formed; as, the focus of a
lens or mirror.
2. (Geom.) A point so related to a conic section
and certain straight line called the directrix that
the ratio of the distace between any point of the curve and the
focus to the distance of the same point from the directrix is
constant.
sum of the two lines from any
point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is:
AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the difference of the
corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which passes
through the foci of the ellipse is the major axis.
The diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the
hyperbola is the transverse axis. The middle point of
the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve.
Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals,
have points called foci, possessing properties similar
to those of the foci of conic sections.
In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and
reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed
toward the other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed
from the other; in a parabola, rays from the focus,
after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel to the
axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays
from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from
B.
3. A central point; a point of concentration.
Aplanatic focus. (Opt.) See under
Aplanatic. -- Conjugate focus
(Opt.), the focus for rays which have a sensible
divergence, as from a near object; -- so called because the
positions of the object and its image are interchangeable.
-- Focus tube (Phys.), a vacuum tube
for R\'d2ntgen rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon
the anticathode, for intensifying the effect. --
Principal, , focus
(Opt.), the focus for parallel rays.
Fo"cus (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Focused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Focusing.] To bring to a focus; to
focalize; as, to focus a camera.
R. Hunt.
Fod"der (?), n. [See 1st
Fother.] A weight by which lead and some
other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from
19 [Obs.]
Fod"der (?), n. [AS.
f?dder, f?ddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr.
f?da food; akin to D. voeder, OHG. fuotar,
G. futter, Icel. f??r, Sw. & Dan.
foder. Forage,
Fur.] That which is fed out to cattle horses,
and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.
Fod"der (?), v.t.
[imp.& p.p. Foddered
(-d?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foddering.] To feed, as cattle, with
dry food or cut grass, etc.;to furnish with hay, straw, oats,
etc.
Fod"der*er (?), n. One who
fodders cattle.
Fo"di*ent (?), a. [L.
fodiens, p. pr. of fodere to dig.]
Fitted for, or pertaining to, digging.
Fo"di*ent (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Fodientia.
Fo`di*en"ti*a (?), n.pl. [NL.,
fr. L. fodiens p. pr., digging.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of African edentates including
the aard-vark.
Foe (?), n. [OE. fo,
fa, AS. f?h hostile; prob. akin to E.
fiend. See Fiend, and
cf. Feud a quarrel.
1. One who entertains personal enmity, hatred,
grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy.
A man's foes shall be they of his own
household.
Matt. x. 36
2. An enemy in war; a hostile army.
3. One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an
adversary; an ill-wisher; as, a foe to religion.
A foe to received doctrines.
I. Watts
Foe (?), v. t. To treat as an
enemy. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Foe"hood (?), n. Enmity.
Br. Bedell.
Foe"man (?), n.; pl.
Foemen (-men). [AS.
f?hman.] An enemy in war.
And the stern joy which warriors feel
In foemen worthy of their steel.
Sir W. Scott
F\'d2"tal (?), a. Same as
Fetal.
F\'d2*ta"tion (?), n. Same as
Fetation.
F\'d2"ti*cide (?), n. Same as
Feticide.
F\'d2"tor (?), n. Same as
Fetor.
F\'d2"tus (?), n. Same as
Fetus.
Fog (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
fog, fouge, moss, foggag? rank
grass, LL. fogagium, W. ffug dry
grass.] (Agric.) (a) A second
growth of grass; aftergrass. (b) Dead or
decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; -- called
also foggage. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.
Sometimes called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland,
fog is a general name for moss.
Fog (?), v. t. (Agric.) To
pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog
from.
Fog (?), v. i. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To practice in a small or mean way; to
pettifog. [Obs.]
Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?
Dryden.
Fog (?), n. [Dan.
sneefog snow falling thick, drift of snow, driving
snow, cf. Icel. fok spray, snowdrift, fj??
snowstorm, fj?ka to drift.] 1.
Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere
and disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in
being near the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly
to fine rain. See Cloud.
2. A state of mental confusion.
Fog alarm, Fog bell, Fog
horn, etc., a bell, horn, whistle or other
contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near
places of danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick
weather. -- Fog bank, a mass of fog resting
upon the sea, and resembling distant land. -- Fog
ring, a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, --
often seen on the coast of Newfoundland.
Fog (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Fogged (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fogging (#).] To
envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to
obscure.
Fog (?), v. i. (Photog.)
To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on
a negative sometimes does in the process of development.
Foge (?), n. The Cornish name
for a forge used for smelting tin.
Raymond
Fo'gey (?), n. See
Fogy.
Fog'gage (?; 48), n.
(Agric.) See 1st Fog.
Fog'ger (?), n. One who fogs; a
pettifogger. [Obs.]
A beggarly fogger.
Terence in English(1614)
Fog"gi*ly (?), adv. In a foggy
manner; obscurely.
Johnson.
Fog"gi*ness (?), n. The state
of being foggy.
Johnson.
Fog"gy (?), a.
[Compar. Foggier (?);
superl. Foggiest.] [From 4th
Fog.] 1. Filled or abounding with
fog, or watery exhalations; misty; as, a foggy
atmosphere; a foggy morning.
Shak.
<-- p. 578 -->
2. Beclouded; dull; obscure; as, foggy
ideas.
Your coarse, foggy, drowsy conceit.
Hayward.
Fo"gie (?), n. See
Fogy.
Fog"less (?), a. Without fog;
clear.
Kane.
Fo"gy (?), n.; pl.
Fogies (/). A dull old fellow; a
person behind the times, over-conservative, or slow; -- usually
preceded by old. [Written also
fogie and fogey.]
[Colloq.]
Notorious old bore; regular old fogy.
Thackeray.
vogt, a guard or protector. By others it is regareded
as a diminutive of folk (cf. D. volkje). It
is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as \'bdan
invalid or garrison soldier,\'b8 and is applied to the old
soldiers of the Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the
Fogies' Hospital. In the fixed habits of such persons
we see the origin of the present use of the term.
Sir F. Head.
Fo"gy*ism (?), n. The
principles and conduct of a fogy. [Colloq.]
Foh (?), interj. [Cf.
Faugh.] An exclamation of abhorrence or
contempt; poh; fle.
Shak.
Fo"hist (?), n. A Buddhist
priest. See Fo.
Foi"ble (?), a. [OF.
foible. See Feeble.] Weak;
feeble. [Obs.]
Lord Herbert.
Foi"ble (?), n. 1. A
moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a frailty.
A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and
overshadowed by superficial foibles.
De Quincey.
2. The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest
the point; -- opposed to forte. [Written
also faible.]
Syn. -- Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity;
frailty; defect. See Fault.
Foil (foil), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Foiled
(foild); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foiling.] [F. fouler to
tread or trample under one's feet, to press, oppress. See
Full, v. t.] 1. To tread
under foot; to trample.
King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled
down and foiled under foot.
Knoless.
Whom he did all to pieces breake and foyle,
In filthy durt, and left so in the loathely soyle.
Spenser.
2. To render (an effort or attempt) vain or
nugatory; to baffle; to outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to
defeat.
And by / mortal man at length am
foiled.
Dryden.
Her long locks that foil the painter's
power.
Byron.
3. To blunt; to dull; to spoil; as, to
foil the scent in chase.
Addison.
Foil, v. t. [See 6th
File.] To defile; to soil.
[Obs.]
Foil, n. 1. Failure of success
when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration;
miscarriage.
Milton.
Nor e'er was fate so near a foil.
Dryden.
2. A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a
smallsword in the main, but usually lighter and having a button
at the point.
Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but
hurt not.
Shak.
?socrates contended with a foil against
Demosthenes with a word.
Mitford.
3. The track or trail of an animal.
To run a foil,to lead astray; to puzzle; --
alluding to the habits of some animals of running back over the
same track to mislead their pursuers.
Brewer.
Foil, n. [OE. foil leaf, OF.
foil, fuil, fueil,
foille, fueille, F. feuille, fr.
L. folium, pl. folia; akin to Gr./ , and
perh. to E. blade. Cf. Foliage,
Folio.] 1. A leaf or very thin sheet
of metal; as, brass foil; tin foil; gold
foil.
2. (Jewelry) A thin leaf of sheet copper
silvered and burnished, and afterwards coated with transparent
colors mixed with isinglass; -- employed by jewelers to give
color or brilliancy to pastes and inferior stones.
Ure.
3. Anything that serves by contrast of color or
quality to adorn or set off another thing to advantage.
As she a black silk cap on him began
To set, for foil of his milk-white to serve.
Sir P. Sidney.
Hector has a foil to set him off.
Broome.
4. A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on
the back of a looking-glass, to cause reflection.
5. (Arch.) The space between the cusps
in Gothic architecture; a rounded or leaflike ornament, in
windows, niches, etc. A group of foils is called trefoil,
quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the number of arcs of
which it is composed.
Foil stone, an imitation of a jewel or
precious stone.
Foil"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being foiled.
Foil"er (?), n. One who foils
or frustrates.
Johnson.
Foil"ing, n. (Arch.) A
foil.
Simmonds.
Foil"ing, n. [Cf. F.
foul\'82es. See 1st Foil.]
(Hunting) The track of game (as deer) in the
grass.
Foin (foin), n. [F.
fouine a marten.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The beech marten (Mustela
foina). See Marten.
2. A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish
ground, taken from the ferret or weasel of the same
name.[Obs.]
He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced
with foins.
Fuller.
Foin, v. i. [OE. foinen,
foignen; of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F.
fouiner to push for eels with a spear, fr. F.
fouine an eelspear, perh. fr. L. fodere to
dig, thrust.] To thrust with a sword or spear; to
lunge. [Obs.]
He stroke, he soused, he foynd, he hewed, he
lashed.
Spenser.
They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to
bore
Their corselets, and the thinnest parts explore.
Dryden.
Foin, v. t. To prick; to st?ng.
[Obs.]
Huloet.
Foin, n. A pass in fencing; a
lunge. [Obs.]
Shak.
Foin"er*y (?), n. Thrusting
with the foil; fencing with the point, as distinguished from
broadsword play. [Obs.]
Marston.
Foin"ing*ly (?), adv. With a
push or thrust. [Obs.]
Foi"son (?), n. [F.
foison, fr. L. fusio a pouring, effusion.
See Fusion.] Rich harvest; plenty;
abundance. [Archaic]
Lowell.
That from the seedness the bare fallow brings
To teeming foison.
Shak.
Foist (foist), n. [OF.
fuste stick, boat, fr. L. fustis cudgel.
Cf. 1st Fust.] A light and fast-sailing
ship. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Foist, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Foisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foisting.] [Cf. OD. vysten
to fizzle, D. veesten, E. fizz,
fitchet, bullfist.] To insert
surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate;
to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true,
or worthy; -- usually followed by in.
Lest negligence or partiality might admit or fois?
in abuses corruption.
R. Carew.
When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious
foisting of some words in.
South.
Foist, n. 1. A foister; a
sharper. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. A trick or fraud; a swindle.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Foist"er (?), n. One who foists
something surreptitiously; a falsitier.
Mir. for Mag.
Foist"ied (?), a. [See 2d
Fust.] Fusty. [Obs.]
Foist"i*ness (?), n. Fustiness;
mustiness. [Obs.]
Foist"y (?), a. Fusty;
musty. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Fold (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Folded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Folding.] [OE.
folden, falden, AS. fealdan;
akin to OHG. faltan, faldan, G.
falten, Icel. falda, Dan. folde,
Sw. f\'86lla, Goth. fal/an, cf. Gr./
twofold, Skr. pu/a a fold. Cf.
Fauteuil.] 1. To lap or lay in
plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double;
as, to fold cloth; to fold a
letter.
As a vesture shalt thou fold them up.
Heb. i. 12.
2. To double or lay together, as the arms or the
hands; as, he folds his arms in despair.
3. To inclose within folds or plaitings; to
envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.
A face folded in sorrow.
J. Webster.
We will descend and fold him in our arms.
Shak.
4. To cover or wrap up; to conceal.
Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses.
Shak.
Fold, v. i. To become folded, plaited,
or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double
together; as, the leaves of the door
fold.
1 Kings vi. 34.
Fold, n. [From Fold,
v. In sense 2 AS. -feald, akin to
fealdan to fold.] 1. A
doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on
another part; a plait; a plication.
Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of folds of
linen.
Bacon.
Folds are most common in the rocks of mountainous
regions.
J. D. Dana.
2. Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals,
chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a
geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything;
as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple
ratio, multiplied by four.
3. That which is folded together, or which infolds
or envelops; embrace.
Shall from your neck unloose his amorous fold.
Shak.
Fold net, a kind of net used in catching
birds.
Fold, n. [OE. fald,
fold, AS. fald, falod.]
1. An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.
Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the
fold.
Milton.
2. A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a
church; as, Christ's fold.
There shall be one fold and one shepherd.
John x. 16.
The very whitest lamb in all my fold.
Tennyson.
3. A boundary; a limit. [Obs.]
Creech.
Fold yard, an inclosure for sheep or
cattle.
Fold, v. t. To confine in a fold, as
sheep.
Fold, v. i. To confine sheep in a
fold. [R.]
The star that bids the shepherd fold.
Milton.
Fold"age, (/) n. [See
Fold inclosure, Faldage.]
(O.Eng.Law.) See Faldage.
Fold"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike instrument used for
folding paper.
Fol"de*rol` (?), n.
Nonsense. [Colloq.]
Fold"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a doubling;
a plication.
The lower foldings of the vest.
Addison.
2. (Agric.) The keepig of sheep in
inclosures on arable land, etc.
Folding boat, a portable boat made by
stretching canvas, etc., over jointed framework, used in
campaigning, and by tourists, etc.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Folding chair??/, a chair which may be
shut up compactly for carriage or stowage; a camp chair. --
Folding door, one of two or more doors
filling a single and hung upon hinges.
Fold"less, a. Having no fold.
Milman.
Fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
foliaceus, fr. folium leaf.]
1. (Bot.) Belonging to, or having the
texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves intermixed with
flowers; as, a foliaceous spike.
2. (Min.) Consisting of leaves or thin
lamin\'91; having the form of a leaf or plate; as,
foliaceous spar.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Leaflike in form or mode
of growth; as, a foliaceous coral.
Fo"li*age (?), n. [OF.
foillage, fueillage, F.
feuillage, fr. OF. foille,
fueille, fueil, F. feulle, leaf,
L. folium. See 3d Foil, and cf.
Foliation, Filemot.]
1. Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by
nature; leafage; as, a tree or forest of beautiful
foliage.
2. A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches;
especially, the representation of leaves, flowers, and branches,
in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals,
friezes, pediments, etc.
Foliage plant (Bot.), any plant
cultivated for the beauty of its leaves, as many kinds of
Begonia and Coleus.
Fo"li*age (?), v. t. To adorn
with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the
representation of leaves. [R.]
Drummond.
Fo"li*aged (?), a. Furnished
with foliage; leaved; as, the variously foliaged
mulberry.
Fo"li*ar (?), a. (Bot.)
Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; as,
foliar appendages.
Foliar gap (Bot.), an opening in
the fibrovascular system of a stem at the point of origin of a
leaf. -- Foliar trace (Bot.), a
particular fibrovascular bundle passing down into the stem from a
leaf.
Fo"li*ate (/), a. [L.
foliatus leaved, leafy, fr. folium leaf.
See Foliage.] (Bot.) Furnished
with leaves; leafy; as, a foliate stalk.
Foliate curve. (Geom.) Same as
Folium.
Fo"li*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Foliated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foliating
(?).] 1. To beat into a leaf,
or thin plate.
Bacon.
2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and
quicksilver; as, to foliate a
looking-glass.
Fo"li*a`ted (?), a. 1.
Having leaves, or leaflike projections; as, a
foliated shell.
2. (Arch.) Containing, or consisting of,
foils; as, a foliated arch.
3. (Min.) Characterized by being
separable into thin plates or folia; as, graphite has a
foliated structure.
4. (Geol.) Laminated, but restricted to
the variety of laminated structure found in crystalline schist,
as mica schist, etc.; schistose.
5. Spread over with an amalgam of tin and
quicksilver.
Foliated telluium. (Min.) See
Nagyagite.
Fo"li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
foliation.] 1. The process of
forming into a leaf or leaves.
2. The manner in which the young leaves are
dispo/ed within the bud.
The . . . foliation must be in relation to the
stem.
De Quincey.
3. The act of beating a metal into a thin plate,
leaf, foil, or lamina.
4. The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil
and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses.
5. (Arch.) The enrichment of an opening
by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also,
one of the ornaments. See Tracery.
6. (Geol.) The property, possessed by
some crystalline rocks, of dividing into plates or slabs, which
is due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as
mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or
cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral
constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been
produced by pressure.
Fo"li*a*ture (?), n. [L.
foliatura foliage.] 1. Foliage;
leafage. [Obs.]
Shuckford.
2. The state of being beaten into foil.
Johnson.
Fo"li*er (?), n. Goldsmith's
foil. [R.]
Sprat.
Fo*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
folium leaf+ -ferous: cf. F.
foliif\'8are.] Producing leaves.
[Written also foliiferous.]
Fol"i*ly (?), a.
Foolishly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fol"io (?), n.; pl.
Folios (#). [Ablative of L.
folium leaf. See 4th Foil.] 1.
A leaf of a book or manuscript.
2. A sheet of paper once folded.
3. A book made of sheets of paper each folded once
(four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See
Note under Paper.
4. (Print.) The page number. The even
folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the
right-hand.
5. A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a
page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing
the same serial number.
6. (Law) A leaf containing a certain
number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing,
as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New
York, 100 words.
Folio post, a flat writing paper, usually 17
by 24 inches.
Fol'io, v. t. To put a serial number on
each folio or page of (a book); to page.
Fol'io, a. Formed of sheets each folded
once, making two leaves, or four pages; as, a folio
volume. See Folio, n., 3.
Fo"'li*o*late (?), a. Of or
pertaining to leaflets; -- used in composition; as,
bi-foliolate.
Gray.
Fo"li*ole (?), n. [Dim. of L.
folium leaf: cf. F. foliole.]
(Bot.) One of the distinct parts of a compound
leaf; a leaflet.
Fo`li*o*mort" (?), a. See
Feuillemort.
Fo`li*ose" (?), a. [L.
foliosus, fr. folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Having many leaves; leafy.
Fo`li*os"i*ty (?), n. The
ponderousness or bulk of a folio; voluminousness.
[R.]
De Quincey.
Fo"li*ous (/), a. [See
Foliose.] 1. Like a leaf; thin;
unsubstantial. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Bot.) Foliose.
[R.]
Fo"li*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Foliums (#), L. Folia
(#). [L., a leaf.] 1. A
leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.
2. (Geom.) A curve of the third order,
consisting of two infinite branches, which have a common
asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop;
whence the name. Its equation is x3 +
y3 = axy.
<-- p. 579 -->
{ Folk (?), Folks (?)
}, n. collect. & pl. [AS. folc;
akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G.
volk, Icel. f/lk, Sw. & Dan.
folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E.
follow.] 1. (Eng. Hist.)
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or
villages; a community; a tribe. [Obs.]
The organization of each folk, as such, sprang
mainly from war.
J. R. Green.
2. People in general, or a separate class of
people; -- generally used in the plural form, and often with a
qualifying adjective; as, the old folks; poor
folks. [Colloq.]
In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire
With good old folks, and let them tell thee tales.
Shak.
3. The persons of one's own family; as, our
folks are all well. [Colloq. New
Eng.]
Bartlett.
Folk song, one of a class of songs long
popular with the common people. -- Folk speech,
the speech of the common people, as distinguished from that
of the educated class.
Folk"land` (?), n. [AS.
folcland.] (O.Eng. Law) Land
held in villenage, being distributed among the folk,
or people, at the pleasure of the lord of the manor, and resumed
at his discretion. Not being held by any assurance in writing, it
was opposed to bookland or charter land,
which was held by deed.
Mozley & W.
{ Folk"lore` (?), n., Folk" lore` }. Tales, legends, or
superstitions long current among the people.
Trench.
Folk"mote` (?), n. [AS.
folcm/t folk meeting.] An assembly of the
people; esp. (Sax. Law), a general assembly
of the people to consider and order matters of the commonwealth;
also, a local court. [Hist.]
To which folkmote they all with one consent
Agreed to travel.
Spenser.
Folk"mot`er (?), n. One who
takes part in a folkmote, or local court.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Fol"li*cle (?), n. [L.
folliculus a small bag, husk, pod, dim of
follis bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money
bag, perh. akin to E. bellows: cf. F.
follicule. Cf. 2d Fool.] 1.
(Bot.) A simple podlike pericarp which contains
several seeds and opens along the inner or ventral suture, as in
the peony, larkspur and milkweed.
2. (Anat.) (a) A small cavity,
tubular depression, or sac; as, a hair
follicle. (b) A simple gland or
glandular cavity; a crypt. (c) A small mass
of adenoid tissue; as, a lymphatic
follicle.
Fol*lic"u*lar (?), a. 1.
Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a follicles or
follicles.
2. (Med.) Affecting the follicles;
as, follicular pharyngitis.
Fol*lic"u*la`ted (?), a. Having
follicles.
Fol*lic"u*lous (?), a. [L.
folliculosus full of husks: cf. F.
folliculeux.] Having or producing
follicles.
Fol"li*ful (?), a. Full of
folly. [Obs.]
Fol"low (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Followed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Following.][OE. foluwen,
folwen, folgen, AS. folgian,
fylgean, fylgan; akin to D.
volgen, OHG. folg/n, G.
folgen, Icel. fylgja, Sw.
f\'94lja, Dan. f\'94lge, and perh. to E.
folk.] 1. To go or come after; to
move behind in the same path or direction; hence, to go with (a
leader, guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.
It waves me forth again; I'll follow
it.
Shak.
2. To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to
chase; to pursue; to prosecute.
I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall
follow them.
Ex. xiv. 17.
3. To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions
of; to obey; to yield to; to take as a rule of action; as, to
follow good advice.
Approve the best, and follow what I approve
.
Milton.
Follow peace with all men.
Heb. xii. 14.
It is most agreeable to some men to follow their
reason; and to others to follow their appetites.
J. Edwards.
4. To copy after; to take as an example.
We had rather follow the perfections of them whom
we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love.
Hooker.
5. To succeed in order of time, rank, or
office.
6. To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an
inference from a premise.
7. To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes
fixed upon while in motion; to keep the mind upon while in
progress, as a speech, musical performance, etc.; also, to keep
up with; to understand the meaning, connection, or force of, as
of a course of thought or argument.
He followed with his eyes the flitting
shade.
Dryden.
8. To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon
closely, as a profession or calling.
O, had I but followed the arts!
Shak.
O Antony! I have followed thee to this.
Shak.
Follow board (Founding), a board on
which the pattern and the flask lie while the sand is rammed into
the flask. Knight. -- To follow the
hounds, to hunt with dogs. -- To follow
suit (Card Playing), to play a card of the
same suit as the leading card; hence, colloquially, to follow an
example set. -- To follow up, to pursue
indefatigably.
Syn.- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany;
succeed; imitate; copy; embrace; maintain. - To
Follow, Pursue. To follow (v.t.)
denotes simply to go after; to pursue denotes to
follow with earnestness, and with a view to attain some definite
object; as, a hound pursues the deer. So a
person follows a companion whom he wishes to overtake
on a journey; the officers of justice pursue a felon
who has escaped from prison.
Fol"low, v. i. To go or come after; --
used in the various senses of the transitive verb: To pursue; to
attend; to accompany; to be a result; to imitate.
Syn.- To Follow, Succeed,
Ensue. To follow (v.i.) means
simply to come after; as, a crowd followed.
To succeed means to come after in some regular series
or succession; as, day succeeds to day, and night to
night. To ensue means to follow by some
established connection or principle of sequence. As wave
follows wave, revolution succeeds to
revolution; and nothing ensues but accumulated
wretchedness.
Fol"low*er (?), n. [OE.
folwere, AS. folgere.] 1. One
who follows; a pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a dependent
associate; a retainer.
2. A sweetheart; a beau.
[Colloq.]
A. Trollope.
3. (Steam Engine) (a) The
removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See Illust.
of Piston. (b) A gland. See
Illust. of Stuffing box.
4. (Mach.) The part of a machine that
receives motion from another part. See Driver.
5. Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or
paper which is added to the first sheet of an indenture or other
deed.
Syn. -- Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan;
dependent; attendant.
Fol"low*ing (?), n. 1.
One's followers, adherents, or dependents,
collectively.
Macaulay.
2. Vocation; business; profession.
Fol"low*ing, a. 1. Next after;
succeeding; ensuing; as, the assembly was held on the
following day.
2. (Astron.) (In the field of a
telescope) In the direction from which stars are apparently
moving (in consequence of the erth's rotation); as, a small
star, north following or south following.
In the direction toward which stars appear to move is called
preceding.
north, south,
following, preceding.
Fol"ly (?), n.; pl.
Follies (#). [OE.
folie, foli, F. folie, fr.
fol, fou, foolish, mad. See
Fool.] 1. The state of being
foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of
mind.
2. A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless
procedure; weak or light-minded conduct; foolery.
What folly 'tis to hazard life for
ill.
Shak.
3. Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied
to a woman, wantonness.
[Achan] wrought folly in Israel.
Josh. vii. 15.
When lovely woman stoops to folly.
Goldsmith.
4. The result of a foolish action or
enterprise.
It is called this man's or that man's
\'bdfolly,\'b8 and name of the foolish builder is thus
kept alive for long after years.
Trench.
Fol"we (?), v. t. To
follow. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fo"mal*haut` (?), n.
[A/.,prop., mouth of the large fish: cf. F.
Fomalhaut.] (Astron.) A star of
the first magnitude, in the constellation Piscis
Australis, or Southern Fish.
Fo*ment" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fomented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Fomenting.] [F.
fomenter, fr. L. fomentare, fr.
fomentum (for fovimentum) a warm
application or lotion, fr. fovere to warm or keep
warm; perh. akin to Gr. / to roast, and E.
bake.] 1. To apply a warm lotion
to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or
medicated liquid.
2. To cherish with heat; to foster.
[Obs.]
Which these soft fires . . . foment and warm.
Milton.
3. To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and
promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; --
used often in a bad sense; as, to foment ill
humors.
Locke.
But quench the choler you foment in
vain.
Dryden.
Exciting and fomenting a religious
rebellion.
Southey.
Fo`men*ta"tion (?), n. [/.
fomentatio: cf. F. fomentation.]
1. (Med.) (a) The act of
fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances,
as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of
discussing tumors. (b) The lotion applied to
a diseased part.
2. Excitation; instigation; encouragement.
Dishonest fomentation of your pride.
Young.
Fo*ment"er (?), n. One who
foments; one who encourages or instigates; as, a
fomenter of sedition.
\'d8Fo"mes (?), n.; pl.
Fomites (#). [L. fomes,
-itis, touch-wood, tinder.] (Med.)
Any substance supposed to be capable of absorbing,
retaining, and transporting contagious or infectious germs;
as, woolen clothes are said to be active
fomites.
Fon (?), n. [Of Scand. origin;
cf. Icel. f\'beni silly, f\'bena to act
silly, Sw. f\'86ne fool. Cf. Fond,
a.] A fool; an idiot.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fond (?), obs.
imp. of Find. Found.
Chaucer.
Fond, a. [Compar.
Fonder (?); superl.
Fondest.] [For fonned, p. p.
of OE. fonnen to be foolish. See Fon.]
1. Foolish; silly; simple; weak.
[Archaic]
Grant I may never prove so fond
To trust man on his oath or bond.
Shak.
2. Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent;
over-affectionate.
3. Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good
sense; as, a fond mother or wife.
Addison.
4. Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful,
indulgent, or desirous; longing or yearning; -- followed by
of (formerly also by on).
More fond on her than she upon her
love.
Shak.
You are as fond of grief as of your
child.
Shak.
A great traveler, and fond of telling his
adventures.
Irving.
5. Doted on; regarded with affection.
[R.]
Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy
prayer.
Byron.
6. Trifling; valued by folly; trivial.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fond, v. t. To caress; to fondle.
[Obs.]
The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her
breast.
Dryden.
Fond, v. i. To be fond; to dote.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Fond"e (?), v. t. & i. [AS.
fandian to try.] To endeavor; to strive; to
try. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fon"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fondled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fondling
(?).] [From Fond,
v.] To treat or handle with tenderness or
in a loving manner; to caress; as, a nurse fondles a
child.
Syn.- See Caress.
Fon"dler (?), n. One who
fondles.
Johnson.
Fon"dling (?), n. [From
Fondle.] The act of caressing; manifestation
of tenderness.
Cyrus made no . . . amorous fondling
To fan her pride, or melt her guardless heart.
Mickle.
Fond"ling (?), n.
[Fond + -ling.] 1.
A person or thing fondled or caressed; one treated with
foolish or doting affection.
Fondlings are in danger to be made fools.
L'Estrange.
2. A fool; a simpleton; a ninny.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
Fond"ly (?), adv. 1.
Foolishly. [Archaic]
Verstegan (1673).
Make him speak fondly like a frantic
man.
Shak.
2. In a fond manner; affectionately;
tenderly.
My heart, untarveled, fondly turns to
thee.
Goldsmith.
Fond"ness, n. 1. The quality or
state of being fond; foolishness. [Obs.]
Fondness it were for any, being
free,
To covet fetters, though they golden be.
Spenser.
2. Doting affection; tender liking; strong
appetite, propensity, or relish; as, he had a
fondness for truffles.
My heart had still some foolish fondness for
thee.
Addison.
Syn.- Attachment; affection; love; kindness.
Fon"don (?), n. [Cf. F.
fondant flux.] (Metal.) A large
copper vessel used for hot amalgamation.
\'d8Fon`dus" (?), n. [F.
fondu, prop. p.p. of fondre to melt, blend.
See Found to cast.] A style of printing
calico, paper hangings, etc., in which the colors are in bands
and graduated into each other.
Ure.
Fone (?), n.; pl. of
Foe. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fong"e (?), v. t. [See
Fang, v. t.] To take; to
receive. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fon"ly (?), adv. [See
Fon.] Foolishly; fondly.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Fon"ne (?), n. A fon.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Font (?), n. [F.
fonte, fr. fondre to melt or cast. See
Found to cast, and cf. Fount a font.]
(Print.) A complete assortment of printing type
of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the
alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is
necessary for printing with that variety of types; a fount.
Font, n. [AS. font,
fant, fr. L. fons, fontis,
spring, fountain; cf. OF. font, funt, F.
fonts, fonts baptismaux, pl. See
Fount.] 1. A fountain; a spring; a
source.
Bathing forever in the font of bliss.
Young.
2. A basin or stone vessel in which water is
contained for baptizing.
That name was given me at the font.
Shak.
Font"al (?), a. Pertaining to a
font, fountain, source, or origin; original; primitive.
[R.]
From the fontal light of ideas only can a
man draw intellectual power.
Coleridge.
Fon"ta*nel` (?), n. [F.
fontanelle, prop., a little fountain, fr.
fontaine fountain. See Fountain.]
1. (Med.) An issue or artificial ulcer
for the discharge of humors from the
body.[Obs.]
Wiseman.
2. (Anat.) One of the membranous
intervals between the incompleted angles of the parietal and
neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; -- so called because
it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.
\'d8Fon`ta`nelle" (?), n.
[F.] (Anat.) Same as
Fontanel, 2.
\'d8Fon`tange" (?), n. [F.,
from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de Fontanges,
about 1679.] A kind of tall headdress formerly
worn.
Addison.
Food (?), n. [OE.
fode, AS. f\'d3da; akin to Icel.
f\'91\'eba, f\'91\'ebi, Sw.
f\'94da, Dan. & LG. f\'94de, OHG.
fatunga, Gr. patei^sthai to eat, and perh.
to Skr. p\'be to protect, L. pascere to
feed, pasture, pabulum food, E. pasture.
\'fb75. Cf. Feed, Fodder food, Foster
to cherish.] 1. What is fed upon; that which
goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated
by, the organism of an animal or a plant; nutriment; aliment;
especially, what is eaten by animals for nourishment.
nitrogenous, or proteid, foods,
i.e., those which contain nitrogen, and
nonnitrogenous, i.e., those which do not
contain nitrogen. The latter group embraces the fats and
carbohydrates, which collectively are sometimes termed heat
producers or respiratory foods, since by
oxidation in the body they especially subserve the production of
heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are known as plastic
foods or tissue formers, since no tissue can be
formed without them. These latter terms, however, are
misleading, since proteid foods may also give rise to heat both
directly and indirectly, and the fats and carbohydrates are
useful in other ways than in producing heat.
2. Anything that instructs the intellect, excites
the feelings, or molds habits of character; that which
nourishes.
This may prove food to my displeasure.
Shak.
In this moment there is life and food
For future years.
Wordsworth.
Food is often used adjectively or in
self-explaining compounds, as in food fish or
food-fish, food supply.
Food vacuole (Zo\'94l.), one of the
spaces in the interior of a protozoan in which food is contained,
during digestion. -- Food yolk.
(Biol.) See under Yolk.
Syn. -- Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare;
victuals; provisions; meat.
Food, v. t. To supply with food.
[Obs.]
Baret.
<-- p. 580 -->
Food"ful (?), a. Full of food;
supplying food; fruitful; fertile. \'bdThe
foodful earth.\'b8
Dryden.
Bent by its foodful burden [the corn].
Glover.
Food"less, a. Without food;
barren.
Sandys.
Food"y (?), a. Eatable;
fruitful. [R.]
Chapman.
Fool (?), n. [Cf. F.
fouler to tread, crush. Cf. 1st Foil.]
A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream;
-- commonly called gooseberry fool.
Fool, n. [OE. fol,
n. & adj., F. fol, fou, foolish,
mad; a fool, prob. fr. L. follis a bellows, wind bag,
an inflated ball; perh. akin to E. bellows. Cf.
Folly, Follicle.] 1. One
destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding; an
idiot; a natural.
2. A person deficient in intellect; one who acts
absurdly, or pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom;
one without judgment; a simpleton; a dolt.
Extol not riches, then, the toil of
fools.
Milton.
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will
learn in no other.
Franklin.
3. (Script.) One who acts contrary to
moral and religious wisdom; a wicked person.
The fool hath said in his heart, There is no
God.
Ps. xiv. 1.
4. One who counterfeits folly; a professional
jester or buffoon; a retainer formerly kept to make sport,
dressed fantastically in motley, with ridiculous
accouterments.
Can they think me . . . their fool or
jester?
Milton.
April fool, Court fool,
etc. See under April, Court,
etc. -- Fool's cap, a cap or hood to which
bells were usually attached, formerly worn by professional
jesters. -- Fool's errand, an unreasonable,
silly, profitless adventure or undertaking. -- Fool's
gold, iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in
color. -- Fool's paradise, a name applied to
a limbo (see under Limbo) popularly believed to be the
region of vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or
condition of vain self-satistaction. -- Fool's
parsley (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous
plant (\'92thusa Cynapium) resembling parsley, but
nauseous and poisonous. -- To make a fool of,
to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame.
[Colloq.] -- To play the fool, to act
the buffoon; to act a foolish part. \'bdI have played the
fool, and have erred exceedingly.\'b8 1 Sam. xxvi.
21.
Fool, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fooling.] To play the fool; to trifle;
to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth.
<-- = to fool around -->
Is this a time for fooling?
Dryden.
Fool, v. t. 1. To infatuate; to
make foolish.
Shak.
For, fooled with hope, men favor the deceit.
Dryden.
2. To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or
mortifying manner; to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish
confidence; as, to fool one out of his
money.
You are fooled, discarded, and shook off
By him for whom these shames ye underwent.
Shak.
To fool away, to get rid of foolishly; to
spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without
advantage.
Foo"lahs` (?), n. pl.; sing.
Foolah. (Ethnol.) Same as
Fulahs.
Fool"-born` (?), a. Begotten by
a fool.
Shak.
Fool"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Fooleries (/). 1. The
practice of folly; the behavior of a fool; absurdity.
Folly in fools bears not so strong a note,
As foolery in the wise, when wit doth dote.
Shak.
2. An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice;
something absurd or nonsensical.
That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these
fooleries, it can not be suspected.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Fool"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The orange
filefish<--clownfish?-->. See Filefish.
(b) The winter flounder. See
Flounder.
Fool"-hap`py (?), a. Lucky,
without judgment or contrivance. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fool"har`di*hood (?), n. The
state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.
Fool"har`di*ly, adv. In a foolhardy
manner.
Fool"har`di*ness, n. Courage without
sense or judgment; foolish rashness; recklessness.
Dryden.
Fool"har`dise (?), n.
[Fool, F. fol, fou + F.
hardiesse boldness.] Foolhardiness.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Fool"har`dy (?), a. [OF.
folhardi. See Fool idiot, and
Hardy.] Daring without judgment; foolishly
adventurous and bold.
Howell.
Syn. -- Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless;
headlong; incautious. See Rash.
Fool"-has`ty (?), a. Foolishly
hasty. [R.]
Fool"i*fy (?), v. t.
[Fool + -fy.] To make a
fool of; to befool. [R.]
Holland.
Fool"ish, a. 1. Marked with, or
exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect;
without judgment or discretion; silly; unwise.
I am a very foolish fond old man.
Shak.
2. Such as a fool would do; proceeding from
weakness of mind or silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or
discretion; as, a foolish act.
3. Absurd; ridiculous; despicable;
contemptible.
A foolish figure he must make.
Prior.
Syn. -- Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple;
irrational; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly;
ridiculous; vain; trifling; contemptible. See
Absurd.
Fool"ish*ly, adv. In a foolish
manner.
Fool"ish*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being foolish.
2. A foolish practice; an absurdity.
The preaching of the cross is to them that perish
foolishness.
1 Cor. i. 18.
Fool"-large` (?), a. [OF.
follarge. See Fool, and
Large.] Foolishly liberal.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fool"-lar*gesse` (?), n. [See
Fool-large, Largess.] Foolish
expenditure; waste. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fools"cap` (?), n. [So called
from the watermark of a fool's cap and bells used by
old paper makers. See Fool's cap, under
Fool.] A writing paper made in sheets,
ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8
inches. See Paper.
Foot (?), n.; pl.
Feet (#). [OE. fot,
foot, pl. / feet. AS. f/t,
pl. f/t; akin to D. voet, OHG.
fuoz, G. fuss, Icel. f/ir, Sw.
fot, Dan. fod, Goth. f/tus, L.
pes, Gr. /, Skr. p\'bed, Icel.
fet step, pace measure of a foot, feta to
step, find one's way. \'fb77, 250. Cf. Antipodes,
Cap-a-pie, Expedient, Fet to fetch,
Fetlock, Fetter, Pawn a piece in
chess, Pedal.] 1. (Anat.)
The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the
part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which
it rests when standing, or moves. See Manus, and
Pes.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The muscular locomotive
organ of a mollusk. It is a median organ arising from the ventral
region of body, often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails.
See Illust. of Buccinum.
3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or
animal; as, the foot of a table; the foot
of a stocking.
4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the
bottom, as of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or
series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with
inferiority; as, the foot of a hill; the
foot of the procession; the foot of a class;
the foot of the bed.
And now at foot
Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet.
Milton.
5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only
in the singular.
Answer directly upon the foot of dry
reason.
Berkeley.
6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used
only in the singular. [R.]
As to his being on the foot of a
servant.
Walpole.
7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches;
one third of a yard. See Yard.
8. (Mil.) Soldiers who march and fight
on foot; the infantry, usually designated as the foot,
in distinction from the cavalry. \'bdBoth horse and
foot.\'b8
Milton.
9. (Pros.) A combination of syllables
consisting a metrical element of a verse, the syllables being
formerly distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern
poetry by the accent.
10. (Naut.) The lower edge of a
sail.
Foot is often used adjectively,
signifying of or pertaining to a foot or the feet,
or to the base or lower part. It is also much used as
the first of compounds.
Foot artillery. (Mil.) (a)
Artillery soldiers serving in foot. (b)
Heavy artillery. Farrow. -- Foot
bank (Fort.), a raised way within a
parapet. -- Foot barracks (Mil.),
barracks for infantery. -- Foot bellows,
a bellows worked by a treadle. Knight. --
Foot company (Mil.), a company of
infantry. Milton. -- Foot gear,
covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots. --
Foot hammer (Mach.), a small tilt
hammer moved by a treadle. -- Foot iron.
(a) The step of a carriage. (b) A
fetter. -- Foot jaw. (Zo\'94l.)
See Maxilliped. -- Foot key
(Mus.), an organ pedal. -- Foot
level (Gunnery), a form of level used in
giving any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of
ordnance. Farrow. -- Foot mantle, a
long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt.
[Obs.] -- Foot page, an errand boy;
an attendant. [Obs.] -- Foot
passenger, one who passes on foot, as over a road or
bridge. -- Foot pavement, a paved way for
foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir. -- Foot
poet, an inferior poet; a poetaster.
[R.] Dryden. -- Foot post.
(a) A letter carrier who travels on foot.
(b) A mail delivery by means of such carriers.
-- Fot pound, Foot
poundal. (Mech.) See Foot
pound and Foot poundal, in the Vocabulary. --
Foot press (Mach.), a cutting,
embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle. --
Foot race, a race run by persons on foot.
Cowper. -- Foot rail, a railroad rail,
with a wide flat flange on the lower side. -- Foot
rot, an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.
-- Foot rule, a rule or measure twelve inches
long. -- Foot screw, an adjusting screw which
forms a foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level
standing on an uneven place. -- Foot secretion.
(Zo\'94l.) See Sclerobase. --
Foot soldier, a soldier who serves on foot.
-- Foot stick (Printing), a beveled
piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold
the type in place. -- Foot stove, a small
box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the
feet. -- Foot tubercle. (Zo\'94l.)
See Parapodium. -- Foot valve
(Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the air
pump from the condenser. -- Foot vise, a kind
of vise the jaws of which are operated by a treadle. --
Foot waling (Naut.), the inside planks
or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers.
Totten. -- Foot wall (Mining),
the under wall of an inclosed vein.
By foot, On foot,
by walking; as, to pass a stream on foot. --
Cubic foot. See under Cubic. --
Foot and mouth disease, a contagious disease
(Eczema epizo\'94tica) of cattle, sheep, swine, etc.,
characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in the
mouth and about the hoofs. -- Foot of the fine
(Law), the concluding portion of an acknowledgment
in court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See
Fine of land, under Fine, n.;
also Chirograph. (b). -- Square foot.
See under Square. -- To be on foot,
to be in motion, action, or process of execution. --
To keep the foot (Script.), to preserve
decorum. \'bdKeep thy foot when thou goest to the house
of God.\'b8 Eccl. v. 1. -- To put one's foot
down, to take a resolute stand; to be determined.
[Colloq.] -- To put the best foot
foremost, to make a good appearance; to do one's
best. [Colloq.] -- To set on foot,
to put in motion; to originate; as, to set on foot
a subscription. -- To put, , one on his feet, to put one in a
position to go on; to assist to start. -- Under
foot. (a) Under the feet; (Fig.)
at one's mercy; as, to trample under foot.
Gibbon. (b) Below par.
[Obs.] \'bdThey would be forced to sell . . . far
under foot.\'b8 Bacon.
Foot (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Footed; p. pr.
& vb. n. Footing.] 1. To
tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip.
Dryden.
2. To walk; -- opposed to ride or
fly.
Shak.
Foot, v. t. 1. To kick with the
foot; to spurn.
Shak.
2. To set on foot; to establish; to land.
[Obs.]
What confederacy have you with the traitors
Late footed in the kingdom?
Shak.
3. To tread; as, to foot the
green.
Tickell.
4. To sum up, as the numbers in a column; --
sometimes with up; as, to foot (or
foot up) an account.
5. The size or strike with the talon.
[Poet.]
Shak.
6. To renew the foot of, as of stocking.
Shak.
To foot a bill, to pay it.
[Colloq.] -- To foot it, to
walk; also, to dance.<-- = to hoof it (to walk) -->
If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can
foot it farthest.
Dryden.
Foot"ball` (?), n. An inflated
ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India rubber, or a
bladder incased in Leather.
Waller.
2. The game of kicking the football by opposing
parties of players between goals.
Arbuthnot.
Foot"band` (?), n. A band of
foot soldiers. [Obs.]
Foot"bath` (?), n. A bath for
the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing the feet.
Foot"board` (?), n. 1.
A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may stand or brace
his feet; as: (a) The platform for the
engineer and fireman of a locomotive. (b) The
foot-rest of a coachman's box.
2. A board forming the foot of a bedstead.
3. A treadle.
Foot"boy` (?), n. A page; an
attendant in livery; a lackey.
Shak.
Foot"breadth` (?), n. The
breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure.
Longfellow.
Not so much as a footbreadth.
Deut. ii. 5.
Foot"bridge` (?), n. A narrow
bridge for foot passengers only.
Foot"cloth` (?), n. Formerly, a
housing or caparison for a horse.
Sir W. Scott.
Foot"ed, a. 1. Having a foot or
feet; shaped in the foot. \'bdFooted like a
goat.\'b8
Grew.
Footed is often used in composition in
the sense of having (such or so
many) feet; as, fourfooted
beasts.
2. Having a foothold; established.
Our king . . . is footed in this land already.
Shak.
Foot"fall` (?), n.A setting
down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a footstep.
Shak.
Seraphim, whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted
floor.
Poe/.
Foot"fight` (?), n. A conflict
by persons on foot; -- distinguished from a fight on
horseback.
Sir P. Sidney.
Foot"glove` (?), n. A kind of
stocking. [Obs.]
Foot" Guards` (?), pl. Infantry
soldiers belonging to select regiments called the Guards.
[Eng.]
Foot"halt` (?), n. A disease
affecting the feet of sheep.
Foot"hill` (?), n. A low hill
at the foot of highe/ hills or mountains.
Foot"hold` (?), n. A holding
with the feet; firm/ standing; that on which one may treead or
rest securely; footing.
L'Estrange.
Foot"hook` (?), n.
(Naut.) See Futtock.
Foot"hot` (?), adv. Hastily;
immediately; instantly; on the spot; hotfloot.
Gower.
Custance have they taken anon, foothot.
Chaucer.
Foot"ing, n. 1. Ground for the
foot; place for the foot to rest on; firm foundation to stand
on.
In ascent, every st/p gained is a footing and
help to the next.
Holder.
2. Standing; position; established place; basis for
operation; permanent settlement; foothold.
As soon as he had obtained a footing at court, the
charms of his manner . . . made him a favorite.
Macaulay.
3. Relative condition; state.
Lived on a footing of equality with nobles.
Macaulay.
4. Tread; step; especially, measured tread.
Hark, I hear the footing of a man.
Shak.
5. The act of adding up a column of figures; the
amount or sum total of such a column.
6. The act of putting a foot to anything; also,
that which is added as a foot; as, the footing of a
stocking.
7. A narrow cotton lace, without figures.
8. The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not
wholly deprived of oil.
Simmonds.
9. (Arch. & Enging.) The thickened or
sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment at its foot.
Footing course (Arch.), one of the
courses of masonry at the foot of a wall, broader than the
courses above. -- To pay one's footing, to
pay a fee on first doing anything, as working at a trade or in a
shop. Wright. -- Footing beam, the
tie beam of a roof.
Foot"less, a. Having no feet.
Foot"lick`er (?), n. A
sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. Bootlick.
Shak.
Foot"light` (?), n.One of a row
of lights in the front of the stage in a theater, etc., and on a
level therewith.
Before the footlights, upon the stage; --
hence, in the capacity of an actor.
Foot"man (?), n.; pl.
Footmen (/). 1. A soldier who
marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.
2. A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties
are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.
3. Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his
master's carriage; a runner.
Prior.
4. A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping
anything warm before a fire.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A moth of the family
Lithosid\'91; -- so called from its livery-like
colors.
Foot"man*ship, n. Art or skill of a
footman.
Foot"mark` (?), n. A footprint;
a track or vestige.
Coleridge.
Foot"note` (?), n. A note of
reference or comment at the foot of a page.
Foot"pace` (?), n. 1.
A walking pace or step.
2. A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step
of the altar; a landing in a staircase.
Shipley.
Foot"pad` (?), n. A highwayman
or robber on foot.
Foot"path` (?), n.; pl.
Footpaths (/). A narrow path or
way for pedestrains only; a footway.
Foot"plate` (?), n.
(Locomotives) See Footboard
(a).
Foot" pound` (?). (Mech.) A
unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in raising
one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity the height of
one foot.
<-- p. 581 -->
Foot" pound`al (?). (Mech.) A
unit of energy or work, equal to the work done in moving a body
through one foot against the force of one poundal.
Foot"print` (?), n. The
impression of the foot; a trace or footmark; as,
\'bdFootprints of the Creator.\'b8
Foot"rope` (?), n. (Aut.)
(a) The rope rigged below a yard, upon which men
stand when reefing or furling; -- formerly called a
horse. (b) That part of the
boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed.
Foots (?), n. pl. The settlings
of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom of a barrel or
hogshead.
Simmonds.
Foot"-sore` (?), a. Having sore
or tender feet, as by reason of much walking; as,
foot-sore cattle.
Foot"stalk` (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a
petiole, pedicel, or reduncle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The peduncle
or stem by which various marine animals are attached, as certain
brachiopods and goose barnacles. (b) The stem
which supports which supports the eye in decapod Crustacea;
eyestalk.
3. (Mach.) The lower part of a millstone
spindle. It rests in a step.
Knight.
Foot"stall` (?), n. [Cf.
Pedestal.] 1. The stirrup of a
woman's saddle.
2. (Arch.) The plinth or base of a
pillar.
Foot"step` (?), n. 1.
The mark or impression of the foot; a track; hence, visible
sign of a course pursued; token; mark; as, the
footsteps of divine wisdom.
How on the faltering footsteps of decay
Youth presses.
Bryant.
2. An inclined plane under a hand printing
press.
Foot"stone` (?; 110), n. The
stone at the foot of a grave; -- opposed to
headstone.
Foot"stool` (?), n. A low stool
to support the feet of one when sitting.
Foot"way` (?), n. A passage for
pedestrians only.
Foot"worn` (?), a. Worn by, or
weared in, the feet; as, a footworn path; a
footworn traveler.
Foot"y (?), a. 1.
Having foots, or settlings; as,
footy oil, molasses, etc. [Eng.]
2. Poor; mean. [Prov. Eng.]
C. Kingsley.
Fop (?), n. [OE.
foppe, fop, fool; cf. E. fob to
cheat, G. foppen to make a fool of one, jeer, D.
foppen.] One whose ambition it is to gain
admiration by showy dress; a coxcomb; an inferior dandy.
Fop"-doo`dle (?), n. A stupid
or insignaficant fellow; a fool; a simpleton.
[R.]
Hudibras.
Fop"ling (?), n. A petty
fop.
Landor.
Fop"per*y (?), n.; pl.
Fopperies (#). [From
Fop.] 1. The behavior, dress, or
other indication of a fop; coxcombry; affectation of show; showy
folly.
2. Folly; foolery.
Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter
My sober house.
Shak.
Fop"pish (?), a. Foplike;
characteristic of a top in dress or manners; making an
ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners.
Syn. -- Finical; spruce; dandyish. See
Finical.
-- Fop"pish*ly, adv. --
Fop"pish*ness, n.
For- (/). [AS. for-; akin to
D. & G. ver-, OHG. fir-, Icel.
for-, Goth. fra-, cf. Skr.
par\'be- away, Gr. / beside, and E. far,
adj. Cf. Fret to rub.] A prefix to verbs,
having usually the force of a negative or privative. It often
implies also loss, detriment, or
destruction, and sometimes it is intensive, meaning
utterly, quite thoroughly, as in
forbathe.
For (?), prep. [AS.
for, fore; akin to OS. for,
fora, furi, D. voor, OHG.
fora, G. vor, OHG. furi, G.
f\'81r, Icel. fyrir, Sw. f\'94r,
Dan. for, adv. f\'94r, Goth.
fa\'a3r, fa\'a3ra, L. pro, Gr.
/, Skr. pra-. Fore,
First, Foremost, Forth,
Pro-.] In the most general sense, indicating
that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which
anything is done or takes place.
1. Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of
an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to
an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which
a thing is or is done.
With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath.
Shak.
How to choose dogs for scent or speed.
Waller.
Now, for so many glorious actions done,
For peace at home, and for the public
wealth,
I mean to crown a bowl for C\'91sar's health.
Dryden.
That which we, for our unworthiness, are afraid to
crave, our prayer is, that God, for the worthiness of
his Son, would, notwithstanding, vouchsafe to grant.
Hooker.
2. Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an
act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is,
acts, serves, or is done.
The oak for nothing ill,
The osier good for twigs, the poplar for
the mill.
Spenser.
It was young counsel for the persons, and violent
counsel for the matters.
Bacon.
Shall I think the worls was made for one,
And men are born for kings, as beasts for
men,
Not for protection, but to be devoured?
Dryden.
For he writes not for money, nor for
praise.
Denham.
3. Indicating that in favor of which, or in
promoting which, anything is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in
favor of; on the side of; -- opposed to against.
We can do nothing against the truth, but for the
truth.
2 Cor. xiii. 8.
It is for the general good of human society, and
consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it
is for men's health to be temperate.
Tillotson.
Aristotle is for poetical justice.
Dennis.
4. Indicating that toward which the action of
anything is directed, or the point toward which motion is made;
/ntending to go to.
We sailed from Peru for China and Japan.
Bacon.
5. Indicating that on place of or instead of which
anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an
equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made;
instead of, or place of.
And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life
for life, eye for eye, tooth for
tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
Ex. xxi. 23, 24.
6. Indicating that in the character of or as being
which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.
We take a falling meteor for a star.
Cowley.
If a man can be fully assured of anything for a
truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not
embrace for tru/?
Locke.
Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried-up
English poet for their model.
Dryden.
But let her go for an ungrateful woman.
Philips.
7. Indicating that instead of which something else
controls in the performing of an action, or that in spite of
which anything is done, occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to
notwithstanding, in spite of; -- generally
followed by all, aught,
anything, etc.
The writer will do what she please for all me.
Spectator.
God's desertion shall, for aught he knows, the next
minute supervene.
Dr. H. More.
For anything that legally appears to the contrary,
it may be a contrivance to fright us.
Swift.
8. Indicating the space or time through which an
action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space
or time of.
For many miles about
There 's scarce a bush.
Shak.
Since, hired for life, thy servile muse sing.
prior.
To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day.
Garth.
9. Indicating that in prevention of which, or
through fear of which, anything is done.
[Obs.]
We 'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet.
Beau. & Fl.
For, As for, so
far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; -- used
parenthetically or independently. See under As.
As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.
Josh. xxiv. 15.
For me, my stormy voyage at an end,
I to the port of death securely tend.
Dryden.
-- For all that, notwithstanding; in spite
of. -- For all the world, wholly; exactly.
\'bdWhose posy was, for all the world, like cutlers'
poetry.\'b8 Shak. -- For as much
as, Forasmuch as, in
consideration that; seeing that; since. -- For
by. See Forby, adv. --
For ever, eternally; at all times. See
Forever. -- For me, For
all me, as far as regards me. --
For my life, For the life of
me, if my life depended on it.
[Colloq.] T. Hook. -- For
that, For the reason that, because;
since. [Obs.] \'bdFor that I love your
daughter.\'b8 Shak. -- For thy,
Forthy [AS.
for//], for this; on this account.
[Obs.] \'bdThomalin, have no care for
thy.\'b8 Spenser. -- For to, as
sign of infinitive, in order to; to the end of. [Obs.,
except as sometimes heard in illiterate speech.] --
\'bdWhat went ye out for to see?\'b8 Luke vii.
25. See To, prep., 4. -- O
for, would that I had; may there be granted; --
elliptically expressing desire or prayer. \'bdO
for a muse of fire.\'b8 Shak. -- Were
it not for, If it were not for,
leaving out of account; but for the presence or action of.
\'bdMoral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite,
were it not for the will.\'b8 Sir M.
Hale.
For (?), conj. 1.
Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old
English, the reason of anything.
And for of long that way had walk\'82d none,
The vault was hid with plants and bushes hoar.
Fairfax.
And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think
I will your serious and great business scant,
For she with me.
Shak.
2. Since; because; introducing a reason of
something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation,
justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement
made. It is logically nearly equivalent to since, or
because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes
used as a very general introduction to something suggested by
what has gone before.
Give thanks unto the Lord; for he is good;
for his mercy endureth forever.
Ps. cxxxvi. 1.
Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,
Not light them for themselves; for if our virtues
Did not go forth of us, 't were all alike
As if we had them not.
Shak.
For because, because. [Obs.]
\'bdNor for because they set less store by their own
citizens.\'b8 Robynson (More's Utopia). -- For
why. (a) Why; for that reason; wherefore.
[Obs.] (b) Because.
[Obs.] See Forwhy.
Syn. -- See Because.
For, n. One who takes, or that which is
said on, the affrimative side; that which is said in favor of
some one or something; -- the antithesis of against,
and commonly used in connection with it.
The fors and against. those in favor and those
opposed; the pros and the cons; the advantages and the
disadvantages.
Jane Austen.
For"age (?; 48), n. [OF.
fourage, F. fourrage, fr. forre,
fuerre, fodder, straw, F. feurre, fr. LL.
foderum, fodrum, of German or Scand,
origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, G. futter. See
Fodder food, and cf. Foray.] 1.
The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.
He [the lion] from forage will incline to play.
Shak.
One way a band select from forage drives
A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine.
Milton.
Mawhood completed his forage unmolested.
Marshall.
2. Food of any kind for animals, especially for
horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats.
Dryden.
Forage cap. See under Cap. --
Forage master (Mil.), a person charged
with providing forage and the means of transporting it.
Farrow.
For"age, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Foraged ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foraging (?).] To wander or
rove in search of food; to collect food, esp. forage, for horses
and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country; to ravage; to
feed on spoil.
His most mighty father on a hill
Stood smiling to behold his lion's whelp
Forage in blood of French nobility.
Shak.
Foraging ant (Zo\'94l.), one of
several species of ants of the genus Eciton, very
abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in vast
armies in search of food. -- Foraging cap, a
forage cap. -- Foraging party, a party sent
out after forage.
For"age (?), v. t. To strip of
provisions; to supply with forage; as, to forage
steeds.
Pope.
For"a*ger (?), n. One who
forages.
For"a*lite (?), n. [L.
forare to bore + -lite.]
(Geol.) A tubelike marking, occuring in sandstone
and other strata.
\'d8Fo*ra"men (?), n.; pl. L.
Foramina (#), E. Foramines
(#). [L., fr. forare to bore,
pierce.] A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a
fenestra.
Foramen of Monro (Anat.), the
opening from each lateral into the third ventricle of the
brain. -- Foramen of Winslow (Anat.),
the opening connecting the sac of the omentum with the
general cavity of the peritoneum.
Fo*ram"i*na`ted (?), a. [L.
foraminatus.] Having small opening, or
foramina.
For`a*min"i*fer (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the foraminifera.
\'d8Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. foramen, -aminis, a
foramen + ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.)
An extensive order of rhizopods which generally have a
chambered calcareous shell formed by several united zooids. Many
of them have perforated walls, whence the name. Some species are
covered with sand. See Rhizophoda.
Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous (?), a.
1. Having small openings, or foramina.
2. Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera;
as, foraminiferous mud.
Fo*ram"i*nous (?), a. [L.
foraminosus.] Having foramina; full of
holes; porous.
Bacon.
For`as*much" (?), comj. In
consideration that; seeing that; since; because that; -- followed
by as. See under For,
prep.
For"ay (?; 277), n. [Another
form of forahe. Cf. Forray.] A
sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any
irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.
Spenser.
The huge Earl Doorm, . . .
Bound on a foray, rolling eyes of prey.
Tennyson.
For"ay, v. t. To pillage; to
ravage.
He might foray our lands.
Sir W. Scott.
For"ay*er (? , n. One
who makes or joins in a foray.
They might not choose the lowand road,
For the Merse forayers were abroad.
Sir W. Scott.
For*bade" (?), imp. of
Forbid.
For*bathe", v. t. To bathe.
[Obs.]
For*bear" (?), n. [See
Fore, and Bear to produce.] An
ancestor; a forefather; -- usually in the plural.
[Scot.] \'bdYour forbears of old.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
For*bear" (?), v. i.
[imp. Forbore (?)
(Forbare (/), [Obs.]); p.
p. Forborne (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Forbearing.] [OE.
forberen, AS. forberan; pref.
for- + beran to bear. See Bear to
support.] 1. To refrain from proceeding; to
pause; to delay.
Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I
forbear?
1 Kinds xxii. 6.
2. To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.
Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear,
or whether they will forbear.
Ezek. ii. 7.
3. To control one's self when provoked.
The kindest and the happiest pair
Will find occasion to forbear.
Cowper.
Both bear and forbear.
Old Proverb.
For*bear", v. t. 1. To keep
away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; as, to
forbear the use of a word of doubdtful
propriety.
But let me that plunder forbear.
Shenstone.
The King
In open battle or the tilting field
Forbore his own advantage.
Tennyson.
2. To treat with consideration or indulgence.
Forbearing one another in love.
Eph. iv. 2.
3. To cease from bearing. [Obs.]
Whenas my womb her burden would forbear.
Spenser.
For*bear"ance (?), n. The act
of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience.
He soon shall findForbearance no acquittance ere
day end.
Milton.
2. The quality of being forbearing; indulgence
toward offenders or enemies; long-suffering.
Have a continent forbearance, till the speed of his
rage goe/ slower.
Shak.
Syn. -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.
For*bear"ant (?), a.
Forbearing. [R.]
Carlyle.
For*bear"er (?), n. One who
forbears.
Tusser.
For*bear"ing, a. Disposed or accustomed
to forbear; patient; long-suffering. --
For*bear"ing*ly, adv.
<-- p. 582 -->
For*bid", v. t. [imp.
Forbade (?); p. p.
Forbidden (?) (Forbid,
[Obs.]); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forbidding (?).] [OE.
forbeden, AS. forbe\'a2dan; pref.
for- + be\'a2dan to bid; akin to D.
verbieden, G. verbieten, Icel.,
fyrirbj, forbo, Sw.
f\'94rbjuda, Dan. forbyde. See
Bid, v. t.] 1. To command
against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict.
More than I have said . . .
The leisure and enforcement of the time
Forbids to dwell upon.
Shak.
2. To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express
command; to command not to enter.
Have I not forbid her my house?
Shak.
3. To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an
effectual command; as, an impassable river forbids
the approach of the army.
A blaze of glory that forbids the sight.
Dryden.
4. To accurse; to blast. [Obs.]
He shall live a man forbid.
Shak.
5. To defy; to challenge. [Obs.]
L. Andrews.
Syn. -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withold;
restrain; prevent. See Prohibit.
For*bid" (?), v. i. To utter a
prohibition; to prevent; to hinder. \'bdI did not or
forbid.\'b8
Milton.
For*bid"dance (?), n. The act
of forbidding; prohibition; command or edict against a
thing. [Obs.]
ow hast thou yield to transgress
The strict forbiddance.
Milton.
For*bid"den (?), a. Prohibited;
interdicted.
I kniw no spells, use no forbidden arts.
Milton.
Forbidden fruit. (a) Any coveted
unlawful pleasure, -- so called with reference to the forbidden
fruit of the Garden of Eden. (b) (Bot.)
A small variety of shaddock (Citrus decumana). The
name is given in different places to several varieties of Citrus
fruits.
For*bid"den*ly, adv. In a forbidden or
unlawful manner.
Shak.
For*bid"der (?), n. One who
forbids.
Milton.
For*bid"ding (?), a. Repelling
approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike;
disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; as, a
forbidding aspect; a forbidding formality; a
forbidding air.
Syn. -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive;
repulsive; odious; abhorrent.
-- For*bid"ding*ly, adv. --
For*bid"ding*ness, n.
For*black" (?), a. Very
black. [Obs.]
As any raven's feathers it shone forblack.
Chaucer.
For*bo"den (?), obs. p.
p. of Forbid.
Chaucer.
For*bore" (?), imp. of
Forbear.
For*borne" (?), p. p. of
Forbear.
For*bruise" (?), v. t. To
bruise sorely or exceedingly. [Obs.]
All forbrosed, both back and side.
Chaucer.
For*by" (?), adv. & prep. [See
Foreby.] Near; hard by; along; past.
[Obs.]
To tell her if her child went ought forby.
Chaucer.
To the intent that ships may pass along forby all
the sides of the city without let.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
For*carve" (?), v. t. To cut
completely; to cut off. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Force (?), v. t. [See
Farce to stuff.] To stuff; to lard; to
farce. [R.]
Wit larded with malice, and malice forced with
wit.
Shak.
Force, n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
fors, foss, Dan. fos.]
A waterfall; a cascade. [Prov. Eng.]
To see the falls for force of the river Kent.
T. Gray.
Force, n. [F. force, LL.
forcia, fortia, fr. L. fortis
strong. See Fort, n.] 1.
Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor;
might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity
of exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially,
power to persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency;
validity; special signification; as, the force of an
appeal, an argument, a contract, or a term.
He was, in the full force of the words, a good
man.
Macaulay.
2. Power exerted against will or consent;
compulsory power; violence; coercion.
Which now they hold by force, and not by right.
Shak.
3. Strength or power war; hence, a body of land or
naval combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; --
an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the plural;
hence, a body of men prepared for action in other ways; as,
the laboring force of a plantation.
Is Lucius general of the forces?
Shak.
4. (Law) (a) Strength or power
exercised without law, or contrary to law, upon persons or
things; violence. (b) Validity;
efficacy.
Burrill.
5. (Physics) Any action between two
bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative
condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which
changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them,
whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or
of any other kind; as, the force of gravity;
cohesive force; centrifugal force.
Animal force (Physiol.), muscular
force or energy. -- Catabiotic force [Gr.
/ down (intens.) + / life.] (Biol.), the
influence exerted by living structures on adjoining cells, by
which the latter are developed in harmony with the primary
structures. -- Centrifugal force,
Centripetal force, Coercive force,
etc. See under Centrifugal,
Centripetal, etc. -- Composition of
forces, Correlation of forces, etc.
See under Composition, Correlation,
etc. -- Force and arms [trans. of L. vi
et armis] (Law), an expression in old
indictments, signifying violence. -- In
force, Of force, of unimpaired
efficacy; valid; of full virtue; not suspended or reversed.
\'bdA testament is of force after men are dead.\'b8
Heb. ix. 17. -- Metabolic force
(Physiol.), the influence which causes and
controls the metabolism of the body. -- No force,
no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence,
to do no force, to make no account of; not to heed.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Of
force, of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively.
\'bdGood reasons must, of force, give place to
better.\'b8 Shak. -- Plastic force
(Physiol.), the force which presumably acts in the
growth and repair of the tissues. -- Vital force
(Physiol.), that force or power which is inherent
in organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the
vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the
physical forces generally known.
Syn. -- Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence;
violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion. --
Force, Strength. Strength
looks rather to power as an inward capability or
energy. Thus we speak of the strength of timber,
bodily strength, mental strength,
strength of emotion, etc. Force, on the
other hand, looks more to the outward; as, the
force of gravitation, force of
circumstances, force of habit, etc. We do, indeed,
speak of strength of will and force of
will; but even here the former may lean toward the internal
tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the outward expression
of it in action. But, though the two words do in a few cases
touch thus closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a
marked distinction in our use of force and
strength. \'bdForce is the name given, in
mechanical science, to whatever produces, or can produce,
motion.\'b8
Nichol.
Thy tears are of no force to mollify
This flinty man.
Heywood.
More huge in strength than wise in works he
was.
Spenser.
Adam and first matron Eve
Had ended now their orisons, and found
Strength added from above, new hope to spring
Out of despair.
Milton.
Force (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Forced (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Forcing
(?).] [OF. forcier, F.
forcer, fr. LL. forciare,
fortiare. See Force, n.]
1. To constrain to do or to forbear, by the
exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral,
or intellectual means; to coerce; as, masters force
slaves to labor.
2. To compel, as by strength of evidence; as,
to force conviction on the mind.
3. To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by
violence to one;s will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to
commit rape upon.
To force their monarch and insult the court.
Dryden.
I should have forced thee soon wish other arms.
Milton.
To force a spotless virgin's chastity.
Shak.
4. To obtain or win by strength; to take by
violence or struggle; specifically, to capture by assault; to
storm, as a fortress.
5. To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by
main strength or violence; -- with a following adverb, as
along, away, from, into,
through, out, etc.
It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay
That scarce the victor forced the steel away.
Dryden.
To force the tyrant from his seat by war.
Sahk.
Ethelbert ordered that none should be forced into
religion.
Fuller.
6. To put in force; to cause to be executed; to
make binding; to enforce. [Obs.]
What can the church force more?
J. Webster.
7. To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to
strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to
produce by unnatural effort; as, to force a consient
or metaphor; to force a laugh; to force
fruits.
High on a mounting wave my head I bore,
Forcing my strength, and gathering to the shore.
Dryden.
8. (Whist) To compel (an adversary or
partner) to trump a trick by leading a suit of which he has
none.
9. To provide with forces; to re\'89nforce; to
strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.
[Obs.]
Shak.
10. To allow the force of; to value; to care
for. [Obs.]
For me, I force not argument a straw.
Shak.
Syn. -- To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce;
drive; press; impel.
Force, v. i. [Obs. in all the
senses.] 1. To use violence; to make violent
effort; to strive; to endeavor.
Forcing with gifts to win his wanton heart.
Spenser.
2. To make a difficult matter of anything; to
labor; to hesitate; hence, to force of, to make much
account of; to regard.
Your oath once broke, you force not to
forswear.
Shak.
I force not of such fooleries.
Camden.
3. To be of force, importance, or weight; to
matter.
It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of
a shepherd, not forcing how.
Udall.
Forced (?), a. Done or produced
with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried;
strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; as, a
forced style; a forced laugh.
Forced draught. See under
Draught. -- Forced march
(Mil.), a march of one or more days made with all
possible speed.
-- For"ced*ly (#), adv.
-- For"ced*ness, n.
Force"ful (?), a. Full of or
processing force; exerting force; mighty. --
Force"ful*ly, adv.
Against the steed he threw
His forceful spear.
Dryden.
Force"less, a. Having little or no
force; feeble.
These forceless flowers like sturdy trees support
me.
Shak.
Force"meat` (?), n. [Corrupt.
for farce-meat, fr. F. farce stuffing. See
Farce, n.] (Cookery)
Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up
alone, or used as a stuffing. [Written also
forced meat.]
Force"ment (?), n. The act of
forcing; compulsion. [Obs.]
It was imposed upon us by constraint;
And will you count such forcement treachery?
J. Webster.
For"ceps (?), n. [L.
forceps, -cipis, from the root of
formus Hot + capere to take; akin to E.
heave. Cf. Furnace.]
1. A pair of pinchers, or tongs; an instrument for
grasping, holding firmly, or exerting traction upon, bodies which
it would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize with the
fingers, especially one for delicate operations, as those of
watchmakers, surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The caudal forceps-shaped
appendage of earwigs and some other insects. See
Earwig.
Dressing forceps. See under
Dressing.
Force" pump` (?). (Mach.)
(a) A pump having a solid piston, or plunger, for
drawing and forcing a liquid, as water, through the valves; in
distinction from a pump having a bucket, or valved piston.
(b) A pump adapted for delivering water at a
considerable height above the pump, or under a considerable
pressure; in distinction from one which lifts the water only to
the top of the pump or delivers it through a spout. See
Illust. of Plunger pump, under
Plunger.
For"cer (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, forces or drives.
2. (Mech.) (a) The solid piston
of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a
pump. (b) A small hand pump for sinking pits,
draining cellars, etc.
For"ci*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF.
forcible forcible, forceable that may be
forced.] 1. Possessing force; characterized
by force, efficiency, or energy; powerful; efficacious;
impressive; influential.
How forcible are right words!
Job. vi. 2/.
Sweet smells are most forcible in dry substances,
when broken.
Bacon.
But I have reasons strong and forcible.
Shak.
That punishment which hath been sometimes forcible
to bridle sin.
Hooker.
He is at once elegant and sublime, forcible and
ornamented.
Lowth (Transl. )
2. Violent; impetuous.
Like mingled streams, more forcible when
joined.
Prior.
3. Using force against opposition or resistance;
obtained by compulsion; effected by force; as,
forcible entry or abduction.
In embraces of King James . . . forcible and
unjust.
Swift.
Forcible entry and detainer (Law),
the entering upon and taking and withholding of land and
tenements by actual force and violence, and with a strong hand,
to the hindrance of the person having the right to
enter.
Syn. -- Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty;
potent; weighty; impressive; cogent; influential.
For"ci*ble-fee`ble (?), a.
[From Feeble, a character in the Second Part of
Shakespeare's \'bdKing Henry IV.,\'b8 to whom Falstaff derisively
applies the epithet \'bdforcible.\'b8]
Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or insipid.
He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive
matter, if he struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of
the forcible-feeble school.
N. Brit. Review.
For"ci*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
forcible.
For"ci*bly, adv. In a forcible
manner.
For"cing (?), n. 1.
The accomplishing of any purpose violently, precipitately,
prematurely, or with unusual expedition.
2. (Gardening) The art of raising
plants, flowers, and fruits at an earlier season than the natural
one, as in a hitbed or by the use of artificial heat.
Forcing bed ,
a plant bed having an under layer of fermenting manure, the
fermentation yielding bottom heat for forcing plants; a
hotbed. -- Forcing engine, a fire
engine. -- Forcing fit (Mech.), a
tight fit, as of one part into a hole in another part, which
makes it necessary to use considerable force in putting the two
parts together. -- Forcing house, a
greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit trees, etc. --
Forcing machine, a powerful press for putting
together or separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into
another, as for forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a
car wheel from the axle. -- Forcing pump. See
Force pump (b).
For"ci*pal (?), a. Forked or
branched like a pair of forceps; constructed so as to open and
shut like a pair of forceps.
Sir T. Browne.
{ For"ci*pate (?), For"ci*pa`ted
(?) }, a. Like a pair of forceps;
as, a forcipated mouth.
For`ci*pa"tion (?), n. Torture
by pinching with forceps or pinchers.
Bacon.
For*cut" (?), v. t. To cut
completely; to cut off. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ford (?), n. [AS.
ford; akin to G. furt, Icel.
f/\'94r/r bay, and to E. fare. / 78.
See Fare, v. i., and cf. Frith arm
of the sea.] 1. A place in a river, or other
water, where it may passed by man or beast on foot, by
wading.
He swam the Esk river where ford there was
none.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A stream; a current.
With water of the ford
Or of the clouds.
Spenser.
Permit my ghost to pass the Styg/an ford.
Dryden.
Ford, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Forded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fording.] To pass or cross, as a river
or other water, by wading; to wade through.
His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be
forted.
Milton.
Ford"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being forded. -- Ford"a*ble*ness,
n.
Ford"less, a. Without a ford.
A deep and fordless river.
Mallock.
For*do" (?), v. t. [OE.
fordon, AS. ford/n; pref. for-
+ d/n to do. See For-, and Do,
v. i.] 1. To destroy; to undo; to
ruin. [Obs.]
This is the night
That either makes me or fordoes me quite.
Shak.
2. To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust.
M. Arnold.
All with weary task fordone.
Shak.
For*done" (?), a. [See
Fordo.] Undone; ruined.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
For*drive" (?), v. t. To drive
about; to drive here and there. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
For*drunk"en (?), a. Utterly
drunk; very drunk. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*dry" (?), a. Entirely dry;
withered. [Obs.] \'bdA tree
fordry.\'b8
Chaucer.
For*dwine" (?), v. i. To
dwindle away; to disappear. [Obs.]
Rom of R.
Fore, n. [AS. f/r, fr.
faran to go. See Fare, v.
i.] Journey; way; method of proceeding.
[Obs.] \'bdFollow him and his fore.\'b8
Chaucer.
<-- p. 583 -->
Fore, adv. [AS. fore, adv. &
prep., another form of for. See For, and cf.
Former, Foremost.] 1. In
the part that precedes or goes first; -- opposed to
aft, after, back,
behind, etc.
2. Formerly; previously; afore. [Obs.
or Colloq.]
The eyes, fore duteous, now converted are.
Shak.
3. (Naut.) In or towards the bows of a
ship.
Fore and aft (Naut.), from stem to
stern; lengthwise of the vessel; -- in distinction from
athwart. R. H. Dana, Jr. --
Fore-and-aft rigged (Naut.), not rigged
with square sails attached to yards, but with sails bent to gaffs
or set on stays in the midship line of the vessel. See
Schooner, Sloop, Cutter.
Fore (?), a. [See
Fore, advv.] Advanced, as compared
with something else; toward the front; being or coming first, in
time, place, order, or importance; preceding; anterior;
antecedent; earlier; forward; -- opposed to back or
behind; as, the fore part of a garment;
the fore part of the day; the fore and of a
wagon.
The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is
directed by the fore purpose of the state.
Southey.
Fore is much used adjectively or in
composition.
Fore bay, a reservoir or canal between a mill
race and a water wheel; the discharging end of a pond or mill
race. -- Fore body (Shipbuilding),
the part of a ship forward of the largest cross-section,
distinguisched from middle body abd after
body. -- Fore boot, a receptacle in the
front of a vehicle, for stowing baggage, etc. -- Fore
bow, the pommel of a saddle. Knight. --
Fore cabin, a cabin in the fore part of a ship,
usually with inferior accommodations. -- Fore
carriage. (a) The forward part of the running
gear of a four-wheeled vehicle. (b) A small
carriage at the front end of a plow beam. -- Fore
course (Naut.), the lowermost sail on the
foremost of a square-rigged vessel; the foresail. See
Illust. under Sail. -- Fore
door. Same as Front door. -- Fore
edge, the front edge of a book or folded sheet,
etc. -- Fore elder, an ancestor.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Fore end. (a)
The end which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the
beginning.
I have . . . paid
More pious debts to heaven, than in all
The fore end of my time.
Shak.
(b) In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel,
forward of the trigger guard, or breech frame. -- Fore
girth, a girth for the fore part (of a horse, etc.); a
martingale. -- Fore hammer, a sledge hammer,
working alternately, or in time, with the hand hammer. --
Fore leg, one of the front legs of a quadruped, or
multiped, or of a chair, settee, etc. -- Fore
peak (Naut.), the angle within a ship's
bows; the portion of the hold which is farthest forward. --
Fore piece, a front piece, as the flap in the fore
part of a sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress. --
Fore plane, a carpenter's plane, in size and use
between a jack plane and a smoothing plane. Knight.
-- Fore reading, previous perusal.
[Obs.] Hales. -- Fore
rent, in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is
gathered. -- Fore sheets (Naut.),
the forward portion of a rowboat; the space beyond the front
thwart. See Stern sheets. -- Fore shore.
(a) A bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the
force of the surf. (b) The seaward projecting,
slightly inclined portion of a breakwater. Knight.
(c) The part of the shore between high and low water
marks. -- Fore sight, that one of the two
sights of a gun which is near the muzzle. -- Fore
tackle (Naut.), the tackle on the foremast
of a ship. -- Fore topmast. (Naut.)
See Fore-topmast, in the Vocabulary. --
Fore wind, a favorable wind.
[Obs.]
Sailed on smooth seas, by fore winds borne.
Sandys.
-- Fore world, the antediluvian world.
[R.] Southey.
Fore, n. The front; hence, that which is
in front; the future.
At the fore (Naut.), at the fore
royal masthead; -- said of a flag, so raised as a signal for
sailing, etc. -- To the fore. (a) In
advance; to the front; to a prominent position; in plain sight;
in readiness for use. (b) In existence; alive;
not worn out, lost, or spent, as money, etc.
[Irish] \'bdWhile I am to the
fore.\'b8 W. Collins. \'bdHow many captains in the
regiment had two thousand pounds to the fore?\'b8
Thackeray.
Fore, prep. Before; -- sometimes written
'fore as if a contraction of afore or
before. [Obs.]
Fore`ad*mon"ish (?), v. t. To
admonish beforehand, or before the act or event.
Bp. Hall.
Fore`ad*vise" (?), v. t. To
advise or counsel before the time of action, or before the
event.
Shak.
Fore`al*lege" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Forealleged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forealleging
(?).] To allege or cite before.
Fotherby.
Fore`ap*point" (?), v. t. To
set, order, or appoint, beforehand.
Sherwood.
Fore`ap*point"ment (?), n.
Previous appointment; preordinantion.
Sherwood.
Fore*arm" (?), v. t. To arm or
prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need.
South.
Fore"arm` (?), n. (Anat.)
That part of the arm or fore limb between the elbow and
wrist; the antibrachium.
Fore"beam` (?), n. The breast
beam of a loom.
Fore*bear" (?), n. An ancestor.
See Forbear.
Fore*bode" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Foreboded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Foreboding.] [AS.
forebodian; fore + bodian to announce. See
Bode v. t.] 1. To
foretell.
2. To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to
have an inward conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to
happen; to augur despondingly.
His heart forebodes a mystery.
Tennyson.
Sullen, desponding, and foreboding nothing but wars
and desolation, as the certain consequence of C\'91sar's
death.
Middleton.
I have a sort of foreboding about him.
H. James.
Syn. -- To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage;
portend; betoken.
Fore*bode", v. i. To fortell; to
presage; to augur.
If I forebode aright.
Hawthorne.
Fore*bode", n. Prognostication;
presage. [Obs.]
Fore*bode"ment (?), n. The act
of foreboding; the thing foreboded.
Fore*bod"er (?), n. One who
forebodes.
Fore*bod"ing, n. Presage of coming ill;
expectation of misfortune.
Fore*bod"ing*ly, adv. In a foreboding
manner.
Fore"brace` (?), n.
(Naut.) A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to
change the position of the foresail.
Fore"brain` (?), n.
(Anat.) The anterior of the three principal
divisions of the brain, including the prosencephalon and
thalamencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the prosencephalon
only. See Brain.
Fore*by" (?), prep.
[Fore + by.] Near; hard by;
along; past. See Forby.
Spenser.
Fore*cast" (?), v. t. 1.
To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.
He shall forecast his devices against the
strongholds.
Dan. xi. 24.
2. To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to
provide for.
It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark,
and to forecast consequences.
L'Estrange.
Fore*cast", v. i. To contrive or plan
beforehand.
If it happen as I did forecast.
Milton.
Fore"cast (?), n. Previous
contrivance or determination; predetermination.
He makes this difference to arise from the forecast
and predetermination of the gods themselves.
Addison.
2. Foresight of consequences, and provision against
them; prevision; premeditation.
His calm, deliberate forecast better fitted him for
the council than the camp.
Prescott.
Fore*cast"er (?), n. One who
forecast.
Johnson.
Fore"cas`tle (?; sailors say /),
n. (Naut.) (a) A short upper
deck forward, formerly raised like a castle, to command an
enemy's decks. (b) That part of the upper
deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the after part of
the fore channels. (c) In merchant vessels,
the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors
live.
Fore`cho"sen (?), a. Chosen
beforehand.
Fore"cit`ed (?), a. Cited or
quoted before or above.
Arbuthnot.
Fore*close" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Foreclosed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foreclosing
(?).] [F. forclos, p.p. of
forclore to exclude; OF. fors, F.
hors, except, outside (fr. L. foris
outside) + F. clore to close. See Foreign,
and Close, v. t.] To shut up or
out; to preclude; to stop; to prevent; to bar; to exclude.
The embargo with Spain foreclosed this trade.
Carew.
To foreclose a mortgager (Law), to
cut him off by a judgment of court from the power of redeeming
the mortgaged premises, termed his equity of
redemption. -- To foreclose a mortgage,
(not technically correct, but often used to signify) the
obtaining a judgment for the payment of an overdue mortgage, and
the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale to meet the
mortgage debt.
Wharton.
Fore*clo"sure (?; 135), n. The
act or process of foreclosing; a proceeding which bars or
extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged
estate.
Fore`con*ceive" (?), v. t. To
preconceive; to imagine beforehand. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Fore*date" (?), v. t. To date
before the true time; to antendate.
Fore"deck` (?), n.
(Naut.) The fore part of a deck, or of a
ship.
Fore*deem" (?), v. t. To
recognize or judge in advance; to forebode.
[Obs.]
Udall.
Laugh at your misery, as foredeeming you
An idle meteor.
J. Webster.
Fore*deem", v. i. [Cf.
Foredoom.] To know or discover beforehand; to
foretell. [Obs.]
Which [maid] could guess and foredeem of things
past, present, and to come.
Genevan Test.
Fore`de*sign" (? , v. t.
To plan beforehand; to intend previously.
Cheyne.
Fore`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. To
determine or decree beforehand.
Bp. Hopkins.
Fore`dis*pose" (?), v. t. To
bestow beforehand. [R.]
King James had by promise foredisposed the place on
the Bishop of Meath.
Fuller.
Fore*doom" (?), v. t. [Cf.
Foredeem.] To doom beforehand; to
predestinate.
Thou art foredomed to view the Stygian state.
Dryden.
Fore"doom` (?), n. Doom or
sentence decreed in advance. \'bdA dread
foredoom ringing in the ears of the guilty adult.\'b8
Southey.
Fore"fa`ther (?; 277), n. One
who precedes another in the line of genealogy in any degree, but
usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.
Respecting your forefathers, you would have been
taught to respect yourselves.
Burke.
Forefathers' Day, the anniversary of the day
(December 21) on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth,
Massachusetts (1620). On account of a mistake in reckoning the
change from Old Style to New Style, it has generally been
celebrated on the 22d.
Fore*feel" (?), v. t. To feel
beforehand; to have a presentiment of. [Obs.]
As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea
forefeels winds.
Chapman.
Fore`fence" (?), n. Defense in
front. [Obs.]
Fore*fend" (?), v. t. [OE.
forfenden; pref. for- + fenden
to fend. See Fend, v. t.] To
hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach of; to
forbid or prohibit. See Forfend.
God forefend it should ever be recorded in our
history.
Landor.
It would be a far better work . . . to forefend the
cruelty.
I. Taylor.
Fore"fin`ger (?), n. The finger
next to the thumb; the index.
Fore*flow" (?), v. t. To flow
before. [Obs.]
Fore"foot` (?), n. 1.
One of the anterior feet of a quardruped or multiped; --
usually written fore foot.
2. (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber
which terminates the keel at the fore end, connecting it with the
lower end of the stem.
Foree"front` (?), n. Foremost
part or place.
Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest
battle.
2 Sam. xi. 15.
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the
forefront for all time, the masters of those who
know.
J. C. Shairp.
Fore"game` (?), n. A first
game; first plan. [Obs.]
Whitlock.
Fore"gang`er (?), n. [Prop., a
goer before cf. G. voreg\'84nger. See Fore,
and Gang.] (Naut.) A short rope
grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer lin/ may be
attached.
Totten.
Fore*gath"er (?), v. i. Same as
Forgather.
Fore"gift` (?), n. (Law)
A premium paid by / lessee when taking his lease.
Fore"gleam` (?), n. An
antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning light.
The foregleams of wisdom.
Whittier.
Fore*go" (?), v. t.
[imp. Forewent 2; p. p.
Foregone (?; 115); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foregoing.] [See Forgo.]
1. To quit; to relinquish; to leave.
Stay at the third cup, or forego the place.
Herbert.
2. To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to
give up; to resign; to renounce; -- said of a thing already
enjoyed, or of one within reach, or anticipated.
All my patrimony,,
If need be, I am ready to forego.
Milton.
Thy lovers must their promised heaven forego.
Keble.
[He] never forewent an opportunity of honest
profit.
R. L. Stevenson.
Forgo is the better spelling
etymologically, but the word has been confused with
Forego, to go before.
Fore*go", v. t. [AS.
foreg\'ben; fore + g\'ben to go; akin to G.
vorgehen to go before, precede. See GO,
v. i.] To go before; to precede; -- used
especially in the present and past participles.
Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone.
Wordsworth.
For which the very mother's face forewent
The mother's special patience.
Mrs. Browning.
Foregone conclusion, one which has preceded
argument or examination; one predetermined.
Fore*go"er (?), n. 1.
One who goes before another; a predecessor; hence, an
ancestor' a progenitor.
2. A purveyor of the king; -- so called, formerly,
from going before to provide for his household.
[Obs.]
Fore*go"er, n. [Etymologically
forgoer.] One who forbears to enjoy.
Fore"ground` (?), n. On a
painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief, mosaic picture, or the
like, that part of the scene represented, which is nearest to the
spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of the work of
art itself. Cf. Distance, n., 6.
Fore*guess" (?), v. t. To
conjecture. [Obs.]
Fore"gut` (?), n. (Anat.)
The anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to
the intestine, o/ to the entrance of the bile duct.
Fore"hand` (?), n. 1.
All that part of a horse which is before the rider.
Johnson.
2. The chief or most important part.
Shak.
3. Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.
And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . .
Had the forehand and vantage of a king.
Shak.
Fore"hand`, a. Done beforehand;
anticipative.
And so extenuate the forehand sin.
Shak.
Fore"hand`ed, a. 1. Early;
timely; seasonable. \'bdForehanded care.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
2. Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources
in advance of one's necessities; in easy circumstances; as, a
forehanded farmer. [U.S.]
3. Formed in the forehand or fore parts.
A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely
forehanded.
Dryden.
Fore"head (?; 277), n. 1.
The front of that part of the head which incloses the brain;
that part of the face above the eyes; the brow.
2. The aspect or countenance; assurance.
To look with forehead bold and big enough
Upon the power and puissance of the king.
Shak.
3. The front or fore part of anything.
Flames in the forehead of the morning sky.
Milton.
So rich advantage of a promised glory
As smiles upon the forehead of this action.
Shak.
Fore*hear" (?), v. i. & t. To
hear beforehand.
Fore"hearth` (?), n.
(Metal.) The forward extension of the hearth of a
blast furnace under the tymp.
Fore*hend" (?), v. t. See
Forhend. [Obs.]
Fore*hew" (?), v. t. To hew or
cut in front. [Obs.]
Sackville.
Fore"hold` (?), n.
(Naut.) The forward part of the hold of a
ship.
Fore*hold"ing (?), n. Ominous
foreboding; superstitious prognostication.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Fore"hook` (?), n.
(Naut.) A piece of timber placed across the stem,
to unite the bows and strengthen the fore part of the ship; a
breast hook.
For"eign (?), a. [OE.
forein, F. forain, LL. foraneus,
fr. L. foras, foris, out of doors, abroad,
without; akin to fores doors, and E. door.
See Door, and cf. Foreclose, Forfeit,
Forest, Forum.] 1. Outside;
extraneous; separated; alien; as, a foreign country;
a foreign government. \'bdForeign
worlds.\'b8
Milton.
2. Not native or belonging to a certain country;
born in or belonging to another country, nation, sovereignty, or
locality; as, a foreign language; foreign
fruits. \'bdDomestic and foreign
writers.\'b8
Atterbury.
Hail, foreign wonder!
Whom certain these rough shades did never breed.
Milton.
3. Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not
connected; not pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not
harmonious; not agreeable; not congenial; -- with to
or from; as, foreign to the purpose;
foreign to one's nature.
This design is not foreign from some people's
thoughts.
Swift.
4. Held at a distance; excluded; exiled.
[Obs.]
Kept him a foreign man still; which so grieved him,
That he ran mad and died.
Shak.
Foreign attachment (Law), a process
by which the property of a foreign or absent debtor is attached
for the satisfaction of a debt due from him to the plaintiff; an
attachment of the goods, effects, or credits of a debtor in the
hands of a third person; -- called in some States
trustee, in others factorizing, and in others
garnishee process. Kent. Tomlins.
Cowell. -- Foreign bill, a bill
drawn in one country, and payable in another, as distinguished
from an inland bill, which is one drawn and payable in the same
country. In this latter, as well as in several other points of
view, the different States of the United States are foreign to
each other. See Exchange, n., 4.
Kent. Story. -- Foreign body
(Med.), a substance occurring in any part of the
body where it does not belong, and usually introduced from
without. -- Foreign office, that department
of the government of Great Britain which has charge British
interests in foreign countries.
<-- p. 584 -->
Syn. -- Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant;
extraneous; extrinsic.
For"eign*er (?), n. A person
belonging to or owning allegiance to a foreign country; one not
native in the country or jurisdiction under consideration, or not
naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.
Joy is such a foreigner,
So mere a stranger to my thoughts.
Denham.
Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater
luster, either to foreigners or subjects.
Swift.
For"eign*ism (?), n. Anything
peculiar to a foreign language or people; a foreign idiom or
custom.
It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so-called
liberal professions distigured by foreignisms.
Fitzed. Hall.
For"eign*ness, n. The quality of being
foreign; remoteness; want of relation or appropriateness.
Let not the foreignness of the subject hinder you
from endeavoring to set me right.
Locke.
A foreignness of complexion.
G. Eliot.
For"ein (?), a. Foreign.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fore*judge" (?), v. t.
[Fore + judge.] To judge
beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof; to
prejudge.
Fore*judge", v. t. [For
forjudge, fr. F. forjuger; OF.
fors outside, except + F. juger to
judge.] (O. Eng. Law) To expel from court
for some offense or misconduct, as an attorney or officer; to
deprive or put out of a thing by the judgment of a court.
Burrill.
Fore*judg"er (?), n. (Eng.
Law) A judgment by which one is deprived or put of a
right or thing in question.
Fore*judg"ment (?), n.
Prejudgment. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fore*know" (?), v. t.
[imp. Foreknew (?);
p. p. Foreknown (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Foreknowing.] To have
previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.
Who would the miseries of man foreknow?
Dryden.
Fore*know"a-ble (?), a. That
may be foreknown.
Dr. H. More.
Fore*know"er (?), n. One who
foreknows.
Fore*know"ing*ly, adv. With
foreknowledge.
He who . . . foreknowingly loses his life.
Jer. Taylor.
Fore*knowl"edge (?), n.
Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of whatever is to
happen; prescience.
If I foreknew,
Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault.
Milton.
For"el (?), n. [OE.
forelcase, sheath, OF. forel,
fourel, F. fourreau, LL.
forellus, fr. OF. forre, fuerre,
sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, akin
to Goth. f\'d3dr; prob. not the same word as E.
fodder food. Cf. Fur, Fodder
food.] A kind of parchment for book covers. See
Forrill.
For"el, v. t. To bind with a
forel. [R.]
Fuller.
Fore"land` (?), n. 1.
A promontory or cape; a headland; as, the North and
South Foreland in Kent, England.
2. (Fort.) A piece of ground between the
wall of a place and the moat.
Farrow.
3. (Hydraul. Engin.) That portion of the
natural shore on the outside of the embankment which receives the
stock of waves and deadens their force.
Knight.
Fore*lay" (?), v. t. 1.
To lay down beforehand.
These grounds being forelaid and understood.
Mede.
2. To waylay. See Forlay.
[Obs.]
Fore*lead"er (?), n. One who
leads others by his example; aguide.
Fore*lend" (?), v. t. See
Forlend. [Obs.]
As if that life to losse they had forelent.
Spenser.
Fore*let" (?), v. t. See
Forlet. [Obs.]
Holland.
Fore*lie" (?), v. i. To lie in
front of. [Obs.]
Which forelay
Athwart her snowy breast.
Spenser.
Fore*lift" (?), v. t. To lift
up in front. [Obs.]
Fore"lock` (?), n. 1.
The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the
head.
2. (Mech.) A cotter or split pin, as in
a slot in a bolt, to prevent retraction; a linchpin; a pin
fastening the cap-square of a gun.
Forelock bolt, a bolt retained by a key, gib,
or cotter passing through a slot. -- Forelock
hook (Rope Making), a winch or whirl by
which a bunch of three yarns is twisted into a standard.
Knight. -- To take time, , by the forelock, to make
prompt use of anything; not to let slip an opportunity.
Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying
thereby that we must take time by the forelock; for
when it is once past, there is no recalling it.
Swift.
On occasion's forelock watchful wait.
Milton.
Fore*look" (?), v. i. To look
beforehand or forward. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fore"man (?), n.; pl.
Foremen (/). The first or chief
man; as: (a) The chief man of a jury, who
acts as their speaker. (b) The chief of a set
of hands employed in a shop, or on works of any kind, who
superintends the rest; an overseer.
Fore"mast` (?), n.
(Naut.) The mast nearest the bow.
Foremast hand
(Naut.), a common sailor; also, a man stationed to
attend to the gear of the foremast.
Fore*meant" (?), a. Intended
beforehand; premeditated. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fore"men`tioned (?), a.
Mentioned before; already cited; aforementioned.
Addison.
Fore"milk` (?), n.
(Physiol.) The milk secreted just before, or
directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an
animal; colostrum.
Fore"most` (?), a. [OE.
formest first, AS. formest,
fyrmest, superl. of forma first, which is a
superl. fr. fore fore; cf. Goth. frumist,
fruma, first. See Fore, adv., and
cf. First, Former, Frame, v.
t., Prime, a.] First in time
or place; most advanced; chief in rank or dignity; as, the
foremost troops of an army.
THat struck the foremost man of all this world.
Shak.
Fore"most`ly, adv. In the foremost place
or order; among the foremost.
J. Webster.
Fore"moth`er (?), n. A female
ancestor.
Fore"name` (?), n. A name that
precedes the family name or surname; a first name.
Selden.
Fore"name`, v. t. To name or mention
before.
Shak.
Fore"named` (?), a. Named
before; aforenamed.
Fore*nenst" (?), prep. [See
Fore, and Anent.] Over against;
opposite to. [Now dialectic]
The land forenenst the Greekish shore.
Fairfax.
Fore"-night` (?), n. The
evening between twilight and bedtime. [Scot.]
Fore"noon" (?), n. The early
part of the day, from morning to meridian, or noon.
Fore"no`tice (?), n. Notice or
information of an event before it happens; forewarning.
[R.]
Rymer.
Fo*ren"sal (?), a.
Forensic. [R.]
Fo*ren"sic (?), a. [L.
forensis, fr. forum a public place, market
place. See Forum.] Belonging to courts of
judicature or to public discussion and debate; used in legal
proceedings, or in public discussions; argumentative; rhetorical;
as, forensic eloquence or disputes.
Forensic medicine, medical jurisprudence;
medicine in its relations to law.
Fo*ren"sic, n. (Amer. Colleges)
An exercise in debate; a forensic contest; an argumentative
thesis.
Fo*ren"sic*al (?), a.
Forensic.
Berkley.
Fore`or*dain" (?), v. t. To
ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate; to
predetermine.
Hooker.
Fore*or"di*nate (?), v. t. To
foreordain.
Fore*or`di*na"tion (?), n.
Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination;
predestination.
{ Fore" part` (?), Fore"part` }, n. The part most
advanced, or first in time or in place; the beginning.
Fore"past` (?), a.
Bygone. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fore`pos*sessed" (?), a. 1.
Holding or held formerly in possession.
[Obs.]
2. Preoccupied; prepossessed; pre\'89ngaged.
[Obs.]
Not extremely forepossessed with prejudice.
Bp. Sanderson.
Fore*prize" (?), v. t. To prize
or rate beforehand. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Fore`prom"ised (?), a. Promised
beforehand; pre\'89ngaged.
Bp. Hall.
Fore"quot`ed (?), a. Cited
before; quoted in a foregoing part of the treatise or
essay.
Fore*ran" (?), imp. of
Forerun.
Fore"rank` (?), n. The first
rank; the front.
Fore*reach" (?), v. t.
(Naut.) To advance or gain upon; -- said of a
vessel that gains upon another when sailing closehauled.
Fore*reach", v. i. (Naut.) To
shoot ahead, especially when going in stays.
R. H. Dana, Jr.
Fore*read" (?), v. t. To tell
beforehand; to signify by tokens; to predestine.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Fore`re*cit"ed (?), a. Named or
recited before. \'bdThe forerecited
practices.\'b8
Shak.
Fore`re*mem"bered (?), a.
Called to mind previously.
Bp. Montagu.
Fore"right` (?), a. Ready;
directly forward; going before. [Obs.] \'bdA
foreright wind.\'b8
Chapman.
Fore"right`, adv. Right forward;
onward. [Obs.]
Fore*run" (?), v. t. 1.
To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something
following).
2. To come before as an earnest of something to
follow; to introduce as a harbinger; to announce.
These signs forerun the death or fall of kings.
Shak.
Fore*run"ner (?), n. 1.
A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of
others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic;
as, the forerunner of a fever.
Whither the forerunner in for us entered, even
Jesus.
Heb. vi. 20.
My elder brothers, my forerunners, came.
Dryden.
2. A predecessor; an ancestor.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. (Naut.) A piece of rag terminating
the log line.
Fore"said` (?), a. Mentioned
before; aforesaid.
Fore"sail` (?), n.
(Naut.) (a) The sail bent to the
foreyard of a square-rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the
foremast. (b) The gaff sail set on the
foremast of a schooner. (c) The fore staysail
of a sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the
mast.
Fore*say" (?), v. t. [AS.
foresecgan; fore + secgan to say. See
Say, v. t.] To foretell.
[Obs.]
Her danger nigh that sudden change foresaid.
Fairfax.
Fore*see" (?), v. t. [AS.
forese\'a2n; fore + se\'a2n to see. See
See, v. t.] 1. To see
beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.
A prudent man foreseeth the evil.
Prov. xxii. 3.
2. To provide. [Obs.]
Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without
foreseeing means of life.
Bacon.
Fore*see", v. i. To have or exercise
foresight. [Obs.]
Fore*seen" (?), conj., or
(strictly) p. p. Provided; in case that; on condition
that. [Obs.]
One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion,
foreseen that it be alway most commonly in conformity
of qualities, with the person that eateth.
Sir T. Elyot.
Fore*se"er (?), n. One who
foresees or foreknows.
Fore*seize" (?), v. t. To seize
beforehand.
Fore*shad"ow (?), v. t. To
shadow or typi/y beforehand; to prefigure.
Dryden.
Fore*shew" (?), v. t. See
Foreshow.
Fore"ship` (?), n. The fore
part of a ship. [Obs.]
Fore*short"en (?), v. t. 1.
(Fine Art) To represent on a plane surface, as if
extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to
shorten by drawing in perspective.
2. Fig.: To represent pictorially to the
imagination.
Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie
Foreshortened in the tract of time.
Tennyson.
Fore*short"en*ing, n. (Fine Arts)
Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.
Fore"shot` (?), n. In
distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that comes
over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil.
Knight.
Fore*show" (?), v. t. [AS.
foresce\'a0wian to foresee, provide; fore +
sce\'a0wian to see. See Show, v.
t.] To show or exhibit beforehand; to give
foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.
Your looks foreshow
You have a gentle heart.
Shak.
Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose,
Whose purple blush the day foreshows.
Denham.
Fore*show"er (?), n. One who
predicts.
Fore"side (?), n. 1.
The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country
fronting the sea.
2. The outside or external covering.
Spenser.
Fore"sight` (?), n. 1.
The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience;
foreknowledge.
Milton.
2. Action in reference to the future; provident
care; prudence; wise forethought.
This seems an unseasonable foresight.
Milton.
A random expense, without plan or foresight.
Burke.
3. (Surv.) Any sight or reading of the
leveling staff, except the backsight; any sight or bearing taken
by a compass or theodolite in a forward direction.
4. (Gun.) Muzzle sight. See Fore
sight, under Fore, a.
Fore"sight`ed (?), a.
Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future.
Bartram.
Fore"sight`ful (?), a.
Foresighted. [Obs.]
Fore*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. To
signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify.
Milton.
Fore"skin (?), n. (Anat.)
The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the
prepuce.
Fore"skirt` (?), n. The front
skirt of a garment, in distinction from the
train.
Honor's train
Is longer than his foreskirt.
Shak.
Fore*slack" (?), v. t.
[Obs.] See Forslack.
Fore"sleeve` (?), n. The sleeve
below the elbow.
Fore*slow" (?), v. t. [See
Forslow.] To make slow; to hinder; to
obstruct. [Obs.] See Forslow, v.
t.
No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreslow
Their hasty pace.
Fairfax.
Fore*slow", v. i. To loiter.
[Obs.] See Forslow, v. i.
Fore*speak" (?), v. t.
[Obs.] See Forspeak.
Fore*speak", v. t. To foretell; to
predict. [Obs.]
My mother was half a witch; never anything that she
forespake but came to pass.
Beau. & Fl.
Fore"speak`ing, n. A prediction; also, a
preface. [Obs.]
Camden. Huloet.
Fore"speech` (?), n. A
preface. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Fore*spent" (?), a.
[Fore + spent.] Already
spent; gone by; past. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fore*spent", a. [Obs.] See
Forspent.
Fore*spur"rer (?), n. One who
rides before; a harbinger. [Obs.]
Shak.
For"est (?), n. [OF.
forest, F. for\'88t, LL.
forestis, also, forestus,
forestum, foresta, prop., open ground
reserved for the chase, fr. L. foris,
foras, out of doors, abroad. See
Foreign.] 1. An extensive wood; a
large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a
wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never
been cultivated.
2. (Eng. Law) A large extent or precinct
of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the
sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not
inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by
certain laws, courts, and officers of its own.
Burrill.
For"est, a. Of or pertaining to a
forest; sylvan.
Forest fly. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family
Tabanid\'91, which attack both men and beasts. See
Horse fly. (b) A fly of the genus
Hippobosca, esp. H. equina. See Horse
tick. -- Forest glade, a grassy space in
a forest. Thomson. -- Forest laws,
laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber,
etc., in forests. -- Forest tree, a tree of
the forest, especially a timber tree, as distinguished from a
fruit tree.
For"est, v. t. To cover with trees or
wood.
Fore"staff` (?), n.
(Naut.) An instrument formerly used at sea for
taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the
sextant; -- called also cross-staff.
Brande & C.
For"est*age (?), n. [Cf. F.
forestage.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A duty or tribute payable to the king's
foresters. (b) A service paid by foresters to
the king.
For"est*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to forests; as, forestal
rights.
Fore*stall" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Forestalled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forestalling.] [OE.
forstallen to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on
the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from
forstal obstruction, AS. forsteal,
foresteall, prop., a placing one's self before
another. See Fore, and Stall.]
1. To take beforehand, or in advance; to
anticipate.
What need a man forestall his date of grief,
And run to meet what he would most avoid?
Milton.
2. To take possession of, in advance of some one or
something else, to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to
get ahead of; to preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent,
by prior occupation, or by measures taken in advance.
<-- p. 585 -->
An ugly serpent which forestalled their way.
Fairfax.
But evermore those damsels did forestall
Their furious encounter.
Spenser.
To be forestalled ere we come to fall.
Shak.
Habit is a forestalled and obstinate judge.
Rush.
3. To deprive; -- with of.
[R.]
All the better; may
This night forestall him of the coming day!
Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) To obstruct or stop up, as
a way; to stop the passage of on highway; to intercept on the
road, as goods on the way to market.
To forestall the market, to buy or contract
for merchandise or provision on its way to market, with the
intention of selling it again at a higher price; to dissuade
persons from bringing their goods or provisions there; or to
persuade them to enhance the price when there. This was an
offense at law in England until 1844.
Burrill.
Syn. -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.
Fore*stall"er (?), n. One who
forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market.
Locke.
Fore"stay` (?), n.
(Naut.) A large, strong rope, reaching from the
foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See
Illust. under Ship.
For"est*er (?), n. [F.
forestier, LL. forestarius.]
1. One who has charge of the growing timber on an
estate; an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the
game.
2. An inhabitant of a forest.
Wordsworth.
3. A forest tree. [R.]
Evelyn.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A lepidopterous insect
belonging to Alypia and allied genera; as, the
eight-spotted forester (A.
octomaculata), which in the larval state is injurious
to the grapevine.
Fore"stick` (?), n. Front stick
of a hearth fire.
For"est*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
foresterie.] The art of forming or of
cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.
{ Fore"swart` (?), Fore"swart`
(?), } a. [Obs.] See
Forswat.
Fore"taste` (?), n. A taste
beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.
Fore*taste" (?), v. t. 1.
To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment
or experience of; to anticipate.
2. To taste before another.
\'bdForetasted fruit.\'b8
Milton.
Fore"tast`er (? , n. One
who tastes beforehand, or before another.
Fore*teach" (?), v. t. To teach
beforehand. [Obs.]
Fore*tell" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Foretold
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foretelling.] To predict; to tell
before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.
Deeds then undone my faithful tongue foretold.
Pope.
Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and
luster of his character.
C. Middleton.
Syn. -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.
Fore*tell", v. i. To utter
predictions.
Acts iii. 24.
Fore*tell"er (?), n. One who
predicts.
Boyle.
Fore*think" (?), v. t. 1.
To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to
prognosticate. [Obs.]
The soul of every man
Prophetically doth forethink thy fall.
Shak.
2. To contrive (something) beforehend.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Fore*think", v. i. To contrive
beforehand. [Obs.]
Fore"thought` (?), a. Thought
of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence,
deliberate. \'bdForethought malice.\'b8
Bacon.
Fore"thought`, n. A thinking or planning
beforehand; prescience; premeditation; forecast; provident
care.
A sphere that will demand from him forethought,
courage, and wisdom.
I. Taylor.
Fore"thought`ful (?), a. Having
forethought. [R.]
Fore"time` (?), n. The past;
the time before the present. \'bdA very dim
foretime.\'b8
J. C. Shairp.
Fore"to`ken (?), n. [AS.
foret\'becen. See Token.]
Prognostic; previous omen.
Sir P. Sidney.
Fore*to"ken (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Foretokened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foretokening
(?).] [AS. foret\'becnian;
fore + t\'becnian.] To foreshow; to
presignify; to prognosticate.
Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken
blood.
Daniel.
Fore" tooth` (?), pl. Fore
teeth (/). (Anat.) One of
the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.
Fore"top` (?), n. 1.
The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock
of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.
2. That part of a headdress that is in front; the
top of a periwig.
3. (Naut.) The platform at the head of
the foremast.
Fore`-top*gal"lant (? , a.
(Naut.) Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc.,
above the topmast; as, the fore-topgallant
sail. See Sail.
Fore`-top"mast (?), n.
(Naut.) The mast erected at the head of the
foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant
mast. See Ship.
Fore`-top"sail (? , n.
(Naut.) See Sail.
For*ev"er (?), adv.
[For, prep. + ever.] 1.
Through eternity; through endless ages, eternally.
2. At all times; always.
for and ever are
usually written and printed as two separate words; but, in the
United States, the general practice is to make but a single word
of them.
Forever and ever, an emphatic
\'bdforever.\'b8
Syn. -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably;
incessantly; always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly;
interminably; everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.
Fore*vouched" (?), a. Formerly
vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance. [R.]
Shak.
Fore"ward` (?), n. The van; the
front. [Obs.]
My foreward shall be drawn out all in length,
Consisting equally of horse and foot.
Shak.
Fore*warn" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Forewarned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forewarning.] To warn beforehand; to
give previous warning, admonition, information, or notice to; to
caution in advance.
We were forewarned of your coming.
Shak.
Fore*waste" (?), v. t. See
Forewaste.
Gascoigne.
Fore*wend" (?), v. t.
[Fore + wend.] To go
before. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fore*wish" (?), v. t. To wish
beforehand.
Fore"wit` (?), n. 1. A
leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or
taste. [Obs.]
Nor that the forewits, that would draw the rest
unto their liking, always like the best.
B. Jonson.
2. Foresight; prudence.
Let this forewit guide thy thought.
Southwell.
Fore*wite" (?), v. t.
[pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers.
Forewot (?), 2d person
Forewost (/), pl.
Forewiten (/); imp. sing.
Forewiste (?), pl.
Forewisten (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forewiting (?).] [AS.
forewitan. See Wit to know.] To
foreknow. [Obs.] [Written also
forwete.]
Chaucer.
Fore"wom`en (?), n.; pl.
Forewomen (/). A woman who is
chief; a woman who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or
other place; a head woman.
Tatler. W. Besant.
Fore"word` (?), n. A
preface.
Furnvall.
Fore*worn" (?), a. [See
Forworn.] Worn out; wasted; used up.
[Archaic]
Old foreworn stories almost forgotten.
Brydges.
Fore*wot" (?), pres. indic.,
1st & 3d pers. sing. of
Forewite. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fore"yard` (?), n.
(Naut.) The lowermost yard on the foremast.
[See Illust. of Ship.]
For"fal*ture (?), n.
Forfeiture. [Obs.]
For"feit (?), n. [OE.
forfet crime, penalty, F. forfait crime
(LL. forefactum, forifactum), prop. p.p. of
forfaire to forfeit, transgress, fr. LL.
forifacere, prop., to act beyond; L. foris
out of doors, abroad, beyond + facere to do. See
Foreign, and FAct.] 1.
Injury; wrong; mischief. [Obs. & R.]
To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any
forfeit.
Ld. Berners.
2. A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be
taken from one in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is
lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense,
neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a
penalty; as, he who murders pays the forfeit of his
life.
Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal
Remit thy other forfeits.
Shak.
3. Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive
fine; -- whence the game of forfeits.
Country dances and forfeits shortened the rest of
the day.
Goldsmith.
For"feit, a. [F. forfait,
p.p. of forfaire. See Forfeit,
n.] Lost or alienated for an offense or
crime; liable to penal seizure.
Thy wealth being forfeit to the state.
Shak.
To tread the forfeit paradise.
Emerson.
For"feit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Forfeited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forfeiting.] [OE. forfeten.
See Forfeit, n.] To lose, or lose
the right to, by some error, fault, offense, or crime; to render
one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of; to alienate the
right to possess, by some neglect or crime; as, to
forfeit an estate by treason; to forfeit
reputation by a breach of promise; -- with to
before the one acquiring what is forfeited.
[They] had forfeited their property by their
crimes.
Burke.
Undone and forfeited to cares forever!
Shak.
For"feit, v. i. 1. To be guilty
of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress.
[Obs.]
2. To fail to keep an obligation.
[Obs.]
I will have the heart of him if he forfeit.
Shak.
For"feit, p. p. In the condition
of being forfeited; subject to alienation.
Shak.
Once more I will renew
His laps\'8ad powers, though forfeite.
Milton.
Four"feit*a*ble (?), a. Liable
to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.
For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of
mortmain, and forfeitable, like the lands
themselves.
Blackstone.
For"feit*er (?), n. One who
incurs a penalty of forfeiture.
For"fei*ture (?; 135), n. [F.
forfeiture, LL. forisfactura.]
1. The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right,
privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense,
crime, breach of condition, or other act.
Under pain of foreiture of the said goods.
Hakluyt.
2. That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or
mulct.
What should I gain
By the exaction of the forfeiture?
Shak.
Syn. -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.
For*fend" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + fend. See Forewend.]
To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.
[Archaic]
Which peril heaven forefend!
Shak.
For*fer"ed (?), p. p. & a. [See
For-, and Fear.] Excessively
alarmed; in great fear. [Obs.]
\'bdForfered of his death.\'b8
Chaucer.
For"fete (?), v. i. [See
Forfeit.] To incur a penalty; to
transgress. [Obs.]
And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never
forfeted.
Chaucer.
\'d8For"fex (?), n. [L.]
A pair of shears.
Pope.
For"fi*cate (?), a. [L.
forfex, forficis, shears.]
(Zo\'94l.) Deeply forked, as the tail of certain
birds.
\'d8For*fic"u*la (?), n. [L.,
small shears, scissors, dim. of forfex shears.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects including the
earwigs. See Earwig, 1.
For*gath"er (?), v. i. To
convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Within that circle he forgathered with many a
fool.
Wilson.
For*gave" (?), imp. of
Forgive.
Forge (?), n. [F.
forge, fr. L. fabrica the workshop of an
artisan who works in hard materials, fr. faber
artisan, smith, as adj., skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. / soft,
tender. Cf. Fabric.] 1. A place or
establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating
and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace,
etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.
In the quick forge and working house of
thought.
Shak.
2. The works where wrought iron is produced
directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by
puddling and shingling; a shingling mill.
3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the
manufacture of metalic bodies. [Obs.]
In the greater bodies the forge was easy.
Bacon.
American forge, a forge for the direct
production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge
mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously.
Raymond. -- Catalan forge.
(Metal.) See under Catalan. --
Forge cinder, the dross or slag form a forge or
bloomary. -- Forge rolls, Forge
train, the train of rolls by which a bloom is
converted into puddle bars. -- Forge wagon
(Mil.), a wagon fitted up for transporting a
blackmith's forge and tools. -- Portable forge,
a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc.,
that may be moved from place to place.
Forge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Forged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forging (?).] [F.
forger, OF. forgier, fr. L.
fabricare, fabricari, to form, frame,
fashion, from fabrica. See Forge,
n., and cf. Fabricate.] 1.
To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any
particular shape, as a metal.
Mars's armor forged for proof eterne.
Shak.
2. To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to
frame; to invent.
Those names that the schools forged, and put into
the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common
use.
Locke.
Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves.
Tennyson.
3. To coin. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is
untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a
signature, or a signed document.
That paltry story is untrue,
And forged to cheat such gulls as you.
Hudibras.
Forged certificates of his . . . moral
character.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.
Forge, v. i. [See Forge,
v. t., and for sense 2, cf. Forge
compel.] 1. To commit forgery.
2. (Naut.) To move heavily and slowly,
as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one
ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase
to forge ahead.
Totten.
And off she [a ship] forged without a shock.
De Quincey.
Forge, v. t. (Naut.) To impel
forward slowly; as, to forge a ship
forward.
Forge"man (?), n.; pl.
Forgemen (/). A skilled smith,
who has a hammerer to assist him.
For"ger (?), n.[Cf. F.
forgeur metal worker, L. fabricator
artificer. See Forge, n. & v. t., and cf.
Fabricator.] One who forges, makes, of forms;
a fabricator; a falsifier.
2. Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes
or issues a counterfeit document.
For"ger*y (?), n.; pl.
Forgeries (#). [Cf. F.
forgerie.] 1. The act of forging
metal into shape. [Obs.]
Useless the forgery
Of brazen shield and spear.
Milton.
2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing
falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a
writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false
making or material alteration of or addition to a written
instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; as, the
forgery of a bond.
Bouvier.
3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely
devised, or counterfeited.
These are the forgeries of jealously.
Shak.
The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a
forgery of the second century.
Waterland.
Syn. -- Counterfeit; Forgery.
Counterfeit is chiefly used of imitations of
coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon
pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance
of genuineness. Forgery is more properly applied to
making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures
to show genuineness and validity.
Abbott.
<-- p. 586 -->
For*get" (?), v. t.
[imp. Forgot (?)
(Forgat (/), Obs.); p.
p. Forgotten (?), Forgot;
p. pr. & vb. n. Forgetting.]
[OE. forgeten, foryeten, AS.
forgietan, forgitan; pref. for-
+ gietan, gitan (only in comp.), to get;
cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw.
f\'94rg\'84ta, Dan. forgiette. See
For-, and Get, v. t.]
1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the
memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose
the power of; to cease from doing.
Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his
benefits.
Ps. ciii. 2.
Let y right hand forget her cunning.
Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
Hath thy knee forget to bow?
Shak.
2. To treat with inattention or disregard; to
slight; to neglect.
Can a woman forget her sucking child? . . . Yes,
they may forget, yet will I not forget
thee.
Is. xlix. 15.
To forget one's self. (a) To become
unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought.
(b) To be entirely unselfish. (c)
To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's
dignity, temper, or self-control.
For*get"ful (?), a. 1.
Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a
forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his
memory.
2. Heedless; careless; neglectful;
inattentive.
Be not forgetful to entertain strangers.
Heb. xiii. 2.
3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion;
oblivious. [Archaic or Poetic] \'bdThe
forgetful wine.\'b8
J. Webster.
For*get"ful*ly, adv. In a forgetful
manner.
For*get"ful*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the
mind.
2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing
to remember; oblivion.
A sweet forgetfulness of human care.
Pope.
3. Failure to bear in mind; careless omission;
inattention; as, forgetfulness of duty.
Syn. -- Forgetfulnes, Oblivion.
Forgetfulness is Anglo-Saxon, and
oblivion is Latin. The former commonly has reference
to persons, and marks a state of mind, and marks a state of mind;
the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a
condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his
forgetfulness; we speak of some old custom as buried
in oblivion. But this discrimination is not strictly
adhered to.
For"ge*tive (?), a. [From
Forge.] Inventive; productive; capable.
[Obs.]
Shak.
For*get"-me-not` (?), n. [Cf.
G. vergissmeinnicht.] (Bot.) A
small herb, of the genus Myosotis (M.
palustris, incespitosa, etc.), bearing a
beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of
fidelity.
Ajuga
Cham\'91pitus.
For*get"ta*ble (?), a. Liable
to be, or that may be, forgotten.
Carlyle.
For*get"ter (?), n. One who
forgets; a heedless person.
Johnson.
For*get"ting*ly, adv. By
forgetting.
For"ging (?), n. 1.
The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.
2. The act of counterfeiting.
3. (Mach.) A piece of forged work in
metal; -- a general name for a piece of hammered iron or
steel.
There are very few yards in the world at which such
forgings could be turned out.
London Times.
For*giv"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being forgiven; pardonable; venial.
Sherwood.
For*give" (?), v. t.
[imp. Forgave (?);
p. p. Forgiven (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forgiving] [OE.
forgiven, foryiven, foryeven,
AS. forgiefan, forgifan; perh.
for- + giefan, gifan to give;
cf. D. vergeven, G. vergeben, Icel.
fyrirgefa, Sw. f/rgifva, Goth.
fragiban to give, grant. See For-, and
Give, v. t.] 1. To give
wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.
To them that list the world's gay shows I leave,
And to great ones such folly do forgive.
Spenser.
2. To give up resentment or claim to requital on
account of (an offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to
pardon; -- said in reference to the act forgiven.
And their sins should be forgiven them.
Mark iv. 12.
He forgive injures so readily that he might be said
to invite them.
Macaulay.
3. To cease to feel resentment against, on account
of wrong committed; to give up claim to requital from or
retribution upon (an offender); to absolve; to pardon; -- said of
the person offending.
Father, forgive them; for they know not what they
do.
Luke xxiii. 34.
I as free forgive you, as I would be
fforgiven.
Shak.
Forgive us our debts as we
forgive our debtors.\'b8 Matt. vi. 12. \'bdBe
of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee.\'b8
Matt. ix. 2.
Syn. -- See excuse.
For*give"ness, n. [AS.
forgifnes.] 1. The act of
forgiving; the state of being forgiven; as, the
forgiveness of sin or of injuries.
To the Lord our God belong mercies and
forgivenesses.
Dan. ix. 9.
In whom we have . . . the forgiveness of sin.
Eph. i. 7.
2. Disposition to pardon; willingness to
forgive.
If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall
stand? But there is forgiveness with thee, that thou
mayest be feared.
Ps. cxxx. 3, 4.
Syn. -- Pardon, remission.
-- Forgiveness, Pardon. Forgiveness
is Anglo-Saxon, and pardon Norman French, both
implying a giving back. The word pardon,
being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the
same sense as forgiveness; but in the language of
common life there is a difference between them, such as we often
find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words.
Forgive points to inward feeling, and suppose
alienated affection; when we ask forgiveness, we
primarily seek the removal of anger. Pardon looks more
to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to
trifling matters, as when we beg pardon for
interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil
magistrate also grants a pardon, and not
forgiveness. The two words are, therefore, very
clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate
to the common concerns of life.
For*giv"er (?), n. One who
forgives.
Johnson.
For*giv"ing, a. Disposed to forgive;
inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate;
placable; as, a forgiving temper.
-- For*giv"ing*ly, adv. --
For*giv"ing*ness, n.
J. C. Shairp.
For*go" (?), v. t.
[imp. Forwent; p. p.
Forgone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forgoing.] [OE. forgan,
forgon, forgoon, AS. forg\'ben, prop., to
go past, hence, to abstain from; pref. for- +
g\'ben to go; akin to G. vergehen to pass
away, to transgress. See Go, v. i.]
To pass by; to leave. See 1st Forego.
For sith [since] I shall forgoon my liberty
At your request.
Chaucer.
And four [days] since Florimell the court
forwent.
Spenser.
forego to go before.
Etymologically the form forgo is correct.
For*got" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Forget.
For*got"ten (?), p. p. of
Forget.
For*hall" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + hale to draw.] To harass;
to torment; to distress. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For*hend" (?), v. t. To seize
upon. [Obs.]
Fo*rin"se*cal (?), a. [L.
forinsecus from without.] Foreign;
alien. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Forisfamiliated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forisfamiliating (?).] [LL.
forisfamiliatus, p.p. of forisfamiliater to
forisfamiliate; L. foris abroad, without +
familia family.] (LAw)
Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion off, so
as to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a
with his own consent) from paternal authority.
Blackstone.
Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate, v. i. (Law)
To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal
inheritance.
Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion (?), n.
(Law) The act of forisfamiliating.
Fork (?), n. [AS.
forc, fr. L. furca. Cf. Fourch/,
Furcate.] 1. An instrument
consisting consisting of a handle with a shank terminating in two
or more prongs or tines, which are usually of metal, parallel and
slightly curved; -- used from piercing, holding, taking up, or
pitching anything.
2. Anything furcate or like of a fork in shape, or
furcate at the extremity; as, a tuning
fork.
3. One of the parts into which anything is furcated
or divided; a prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed
point, as of an arrow.
Let it fall . . . though the fork invade
The region of my heart.
Shak.
A thunderbolt with three forks.
Addison.
4. The place where a division or a union occurs;
the angle or opening between two branches or limbs; as, the
fork of a river, a tree, or a road.
5. The gibbet. [Obs.]
Bp. Butler.
Fork beam (Shipbuilding), a half
beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur. -- Fork
chuck (Wood Turning), a lathe center having
two prongs for driving the work. -- Fork head.
(a) The barbed head of an arrow. (b)
The forked end of a rod which forms part of a knuckle
joint. -- In fork. (Mining) A mine
is said to be in fork, or an engine to \'bdhave the
water in fork,\'b8 when all the water is drawn out of
the mine. Ure. -- The forks of a
river a road, the branches into
which it divides, or which come together to form it; the place
where separation or union takes place.
Fork, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Forked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forking.] 1. To shoot into
blades, as corn.
The corn beginneth to fork.
Mortimer. 1
2. To divide into two or more branches; as, a
road, a tree, or a stream forks.
Fork, v. t. To raise, or pitch with a
fork, as hay; to dig or turn over with a fork, as the soil.
Forking the sheaves on the high-laden cart.
Prof. Wilson.
To fork over ,
to hand or pay over, as money. [Slang]
G. Eliot.
Fork"beard` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish
(Raniceps raninus), having a large flat head; -- also
called tadpole fish, and lesser
forked beard. (b) The European
forked hake or hake's-dame (Phycis blennoides); --
also called great forked beard.
Forked (?), a. 1.
Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into
two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag;
as, the forked lighting.
A serpent seen, with forked tongue.
Shak.
2. Having a double meaning; ambiguous;
equivocal.
Cross forked (Her.), a cross, the
ends of whose arms are divided into two sharp points; -- called
also cross double fitch\'82. A cross
forked of three points is a cross, each of whose arms
terminates in three sharp points. -- Forked
counsel, advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous
advice. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
-- Fork"ed*ly (#), adv.
-- Fork"ed*ness, n.
For*kerve (?), v. t.
[Obs.] See Forcarve, v.
t.
Fork"i*ness (?), n. The quality
or state or dividing in a forklike manner.
Fork"less, a. Having no fork.
Fork"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several Asiatic
and East Indian passerine birds, belonging to
Enucurus, and allied genera. The tail is deeply
forking. (b) A salmon in its fourth year's
growth. [Prov. Eng.]
Fork"-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the outer tail feathers longer
than the median ones; swallow-tailed; -- said of many
birds.
Fork-tailed flycatcher (Zo\'94l.),
a tropical American flycatcher (Milvulus
tyrannus). -- Fork-tailed gull
(Zo\'94l.), a gull of the genus Xema,
of two species, esp. X. Sabinii of the Arctic
Ocean. -- Fork-tailed kite (Zo\'94l.),
a graceful American kite (Elanoides forficatus);
-- called also swallow-tailed kite.
Fork"y (?), a. Opening into two
or more parts or shoots; forked; furcated.
\'bdForky tongues.\'b8
Pope.
For*laft" (?), obs. p.
p. of Forleave.
Chaucer.
For*lay" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + lay.] To lie in wait for;
to ambush.
An ambushed thief forlays a traveler.
Dryden.
For*leave" (?), v. t. [OE.
forleven; pref. for- + leven to
leave.] To leave off wholly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*lend" (?), v. t. To give up
wholly. [Obs.]
For*lese" (?), v. t.
[p. p. Forlore (?),
Forlorn (/).] [OE.
forlesen. See Forlorn.] To lose
utterly. [Obs.]
haucer.
For*let", v. t. [OE.
forleten, AS. forl/tan; pref.
for- + l/tan to allow; akin to G.
verlassen to leave. See Let to allow.]
To give up; to leave; to abandon. [Obs.]
\'bdTo forlet sin.\'b8
Chaucer.
For*lie" (?), v. i. See
Forlie.
For*lore" (?), imp. pl. & p. p.
o/ Forlese. [Obs.]
The beasts their caves, the birds their ne/ts
forlore.
Fairfax.
For*lorn" (?), a. [OE., p.p. of
forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forle\'a2san
(p.p. forloren); pref. for- +
le\'a2san (in comp.) to lose; cf. D.
verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw.
f\'94rlora, Dan. forloren, Goth.
fraliusan to lose. See For-, and
Lorn, a., Lose, v.
t.] 1. Deserted abandoned; lost.
Of fortune and of hope at once forlorn.
Spenser.
Some say that ravens foster forlorn children.
Shak.
2. Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight;
wretched; miserable; almost hopeless; desperate.
For here forlorn and lost I tread.
Goldsmith.
The condition of the besieged in the mean time was
forlorn in the extreme.
Prescott.
She cherished the forlorn hope that he was still
living.
Thomson.
A forlorn hope [D. verloren hoop,
prop., a lost band or troop; verloren, p.p. of
verliezen to lose + hoop band; akin to E.
heap. See For-, and Heap.]
(Mil.), a body of men (called in F. enfants
perdus, in G. verloren posten) selected, usually
from volunteers, to attempt a breach, scale the wall of a
fortress, or perform other extraordinarily perilous service;
also, a desperate case or enterprise.
Syn. -- Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary;
helpless; friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable;
pitiable.
For*lorn", n. 1. A lost,
forsaken, or solitary person.
Forced to live in Scotland a forlorn.
Shak.
2. A forlorn hope; a vanguard.
[Obs.]
Our forlorn of horse marched within a mile of the
enemy.
Oliver Cromvell.
For*lorn"ly, adv. In a forlorn
manner.
Pollok.
For*lorn"ness, n. State of being
forlorn.
Boyle.
For*lye" (?), v. i. Same as
Forlie. [Obs.]
form (/). [See Form,
n.] A suffix used to denote in the
form , resembling, etc.; as,
valiform; oviform.
Form (f\'d3rm; in senses 8 & 9,
often f\'d3rm in England),
n. [OE. & F. forme, fr. L.
forma; cf. Skr. dhariman. Cf.
Firm.] 1. The shape and structure of
anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is
composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving
it individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure;
external appearance.
The form of his visage was changed.
Dan. iii. 19.
And woven close close, both matter, form, and
style.
Milton.
2. Constitution; mode of construction,
organization, etc.; system; as, a republican form of
government.
3. Established method of expression or practice;
fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula;
as, a form of prayer.
Those whom form of laws
Condemned to die.
Dryden.
4. Show without substance; empty, outside
appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony;
conventionality; formality; as, a matter of mere
form.
Though well we may not pass upon his life
Without the form of justice.
Shak.
5. Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also,
comeliness; elegance; beauty.
The earth was without form and void.
Gen. i. 2.
He hath no form nor comeliness.
Is. liii. 2.
6. A shape; an image; a phantom.
7. That by which shape is given or determined;
mold; pattern; model.
8. A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students
in a school; a class; also, a class or rank in society.
\'bdLadies of a high form.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
9. The seat or bed of a hare.
As in a form sitteth a weary hare.
Chaucer.
10. (Print.) The type or other matter
from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in
a chase.
11. (Fine Arts) The boundary line of a
material object. In painting, more generally, the
human body.
12. (Gram.) The particular shape or
structure of a word or part of speech; as, participial
forms; verbal forms.
13. (Crystallog.) The combination of
planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is
not necessarily a closed solid.
14. (Metaph.) That assemblage or
disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that
internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it
is; -- called essential or substantial
form, and contradistinguished from matter;
hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity;
subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.
15. Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses,
or the intellect; as, water assumes the form of ice
or snow. In modern usage, the elements of a conception
furnished by the mind's own activity, as contrasted with its
object or condition, which is called the matter;
subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as
dependent on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal
and necessary accompaniments or elements of every object known or
thought of.
16. (Biol.) The peculiar characteristics
of an organism as a type of others; also, the structure of the
parts of an animal or plant.
<-- p. 587 -->
Good form Bad form,
the general appearance, condition or action, originally of
horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat crew are
said to be in good form when they pull together
uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in
description of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not
good form to smoke in the presence of a lady.
Form (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Formed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Forming.]
[F. former, L. formare, fr.
forma. See Form, n.]
1. To give form or shape to; to frame; to
construct; to make; to fashion.
God formed man of the dust of the ground.
Gen. ii. 7.
The thought that labors in my forming brain.
Rowe.
2. To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold,
or fashion into a certain state or condition; to arrange; to
adjust; also, to model by instruction and discipline; to mold by
influence, etc.; to train.
'T is education forms the common mind.
Pope.
Thus formed for speed, he challenges the wind.
Dryden.
3. To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to
be the essential or constitutive elements of; to answer for; to
make the shape of; -- said of that out of which anything is
formed or constituted, in whole or in part.
The diplomatic politicians . . . who formed by far
the majority.
Burke.
4. To provide with a form, as a hare. See
Form, n., 9.
The melancholy hare is formed in brakes and
briers.
Drayton.
5. (Gram.) To derive by grammatical
rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.
Form, v. i. 1. To take a form,
definite shape, or arrangement; as, the infantry should
form in column.
2. To run to a form, as a hare.
B. Jonson.
To form on (Mil.), to form a
lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a
basis.
For"mal (?), a. [L.
formalis: cf. F. formel.] 1.
Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or
organization of a thing.
2. Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as
distinguished from the matter composing it; having the power of
making a thing what it is; constituent; essential; pertaining to
oe depending on the forms, so called of the human
intellect.
Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is
breath and voice; the formal is constituted by the
motion and figure of the organs of speech.
Holder.
3. Done is due form, or with solemnity; according
to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular; express;
as, he gave his formal consent.
His obscure funeral . . .
No noble rite nor formal ostentation.
Shak.
4. Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or
rules; punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed
form; exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; as, a man
formal in his dress, his gait, his
conversation.
A cold-looking, formal garden, cut into angles and
rhomboids.
W. Irwing.
She took off the formal cap that confined her
hair.
Hawthorne.
5. Having the form or appearance without the
substance or essence; external; as, formal duty;
formal worship; formal courtesy,
etc.
6. Dependent in form; conventional.
Still in constraint your suffering sex remains,
Or bound in formal or in real chains.
Pope.
7. Sound; normal. [Obs.]
To make of him a formal man again.
Shak.
Formal cause. See under
Cause.
Syn. -- Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected;
ritual; ceremonial; external; outward. --
Formal, Ceremonious. When applied to things,
these words usually denote a mere accordance with the rules of
form or ceremony; as, to make a formal call; to take a
ceremonious leave. When applied to a person or his
manners, they are used in a bad sense; a person being called
formal who shapes himself too much by some pattern or
set form, and ceremonious when he lays too much stress
on the conventional laws of social intercourse. Formal
manners render a man stiff or ridiculous; a
ceremonious carriage puts a stop to the ease and
freedom of social intercourse.
For*mal"de*hyde (?), n.
[Formic + aldehyde.]
(Chem.) A colorless, volatile liquid,
H2CO, resembling acetic or ethyl aldehyde, and
chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and formic
acid.
Form"al*ism (?), n. The
practice or the doctrine of strict adherence to, or dependence
on, external forms, esp. in matters of religion.
Official formalism.
Sir H. Rawlinson.
Form"al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
formaliste.] One overattentive to forms, or
too much confined to them; esp., one who rests in external
religious forms, or observes strictly the outward forms of
worship, without possessing the life and spirit of
religion.
As far a formalist from wisdom sits,
In judging eyes, as libertines from wits.
Young.
For*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Formalities (#). [Cf. F.
formalit\'82.] 1. The condition or
quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious, precise,
etc.
2. Form without substance.
Such [books] as are mere pieces of formality, so
that if you look on them, you look though them.
Fuller.
3. Compliance with formal or conventional rules;
ceremony; conventionality.
Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of
formality and custom, but of conscience.
Atterbury.
4. An established order; conventional rule of
procedure; usual method; habitual mode.
He was installed with all the usual
formalities.
C. Middleton.
5. pl. The dress prescribed for any
body of men, academical, municipal, or sacerdotal.
[Obs.]
The doctors attending her in their formalities as
far as Shotover.
Fuller.
6. That which is formal; the formal part.
It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to
keep fast the outward formality.
Milton.
7. The quality which makes a thing what it is;
essence.
The material part of the evil came from our father upon us,
but the formality of it, the sting and the curse, is
only by ourselves.
Jer. Taylor.
The formality of the vow lies in the promise made
to God.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
8. (Scholastic. Philos.) The manner in
which a thing is conceived or constituted by an act of human
thinking; the result of such an act; as, animality and
rationality are formalities.
Form"al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Formalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Formalizing
(?).] 1. To give form, or a
certain form, to; to model. [R.]
2. To render formal.
Form"al*ize, v. i. To affect
formality. [Obs.]
ales.
Form"al*ly, adv. In a formal manner;
essentially; characteristically; expressly; regularly;
ceremoniously; precisely.
That which formally makes this [charity] a
Christian grace, is the spring from which it flows.
Smalridge.
You and your followers do stand formally divided
against the authorized guides of the church and rest of the
people.
Hooker.
For"mate (?), n. [See
Formic.] (Chem.) A salt of formic
acid. [Written also formiate.]
For*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
formatio: cf. F. formation.]
1. The act of giving form or shape to anything; a
forming; a shaping.
Beattie.
2. The manner in which a thing is formed;
structure; construction; conformation; form; as, the peculiar
formation of the heart.
3. A substance formed or deposited.
4. (Geol.) (a) Mineral deposits
and rock masses designated with reference to their origin;
as, the siliceous formation about geysers; alluvial
formations; marine formations.
(b) A group of beds of the same age or period;
as, the Eocene formation.
5. (Mil.) The arrangement of a body of
troops, as in a square, column, etc.
Farrow.
Form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
formatif.] 1. Giving form; having
the power of giving form; plastic; as, the formative
arts.
The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any
formative residing in the soil.
Bentley.
2. (Gram.) Serving to form; derivative;
not radical; as, a termination merely
formative.
3. (Biol.) Capable of growth and
development; germinal; as, living or formative
matter.
Form"a*tive, n. (Gram.)
(a) That which serves merely to give form, and is
no part of the radical, as the prefix or the termination of a
word. (b) A word formed in accordance with
some rule or usage, as from a root.
For`m\'82" (?), a. (Her.)
Same as Pat\'82 or Patt\'82.
For"me (?), a. [OE., fr. AS.
forma. See Foremost.] First.
[Obs.] \'bdAdam our forme father.\'b8
Chaucer.
Formed (?), a. 1.
(Astron.) Arranged, as stars in a constellation;
as, formed stars. [R.]
2. (Biol.) Having structure; capable of
growth and development; organized; as, the formed or
organized ferments. See Ferment,
n.
Formed material (Biol.), a term
employed by Beale to denote the lifeless matter of a cell, that
which is physiologically dead, in distinction from the truly
germinal or living matter.
For"me*don (?), n. [OF., fr.
Latin. So called because the plaintiff claimed \'bdby the form of
the gift,: L. per formam doni.] (O. Eng.
Law) A writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a
discontinuance of the estate tail. This writ has been
abolished.
For"mell (?), n. [Dim. of F.
forme the female of a bird of prey.]
(Zo\'94l.) The female of a hawk or falcon.
Form"er (?), n. 1. One
who forms; a maker; a creator.
2. (Mech.) (a) A shape around
which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted,
or otherwise constructed. (b) A templet,
pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped.
(c) A cutting die.
For"mer (?), a. [A compar. due
to OE. formest. See Foremost.]
1. Preceding in order of time; antecedent;
previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past.
For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age.
Job. viii. 8.
The latter and former rain.
Hosea vi. 3.
3. Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the
former part of a discourse or argument.
3. Earlier, as between two things mentioned
together; first mentioned.
A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man
may be the former merely through the misfortune of an
ill judgment; but he can not be latter without both that and an
ill temper.
Pope.
Syn. -- Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding;
foregoing.
\'d8For`me*ret" (?), n.
[F.] (Arch.) One of the half ribs
against the walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs.
For"mer*ly (?), adv. In time
past, either in time immediately preceding or at any indefinite
distance; of old; heretofore.
Form"ful (?), a. Creative;
imaginative. [R.] \'bdThe formful
brain.\'b8
Thomson.
For"mic (?), a. [L.
formica an ant: cf. F. formique.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, ants;
as, formic acid; in an extended sense,
pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as,
formic ether.
Amido formic acid, carbamic acid. --
Formic acid, a colorless, mobile liquid,
HCO.OH, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring
naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced
artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl alcohol,
by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive distillation
of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty acids in the
paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.
\'d8For*mi"ca (?), n. [L., an
ant.] (Zo\'94l.) A Linn\'91an genus of
hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See
Ant.
For`mi*ca"roid (?), a. [NL.
Formicarius, the typical genus +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the family Formicarid\'91 or ant
thrushes.
For"mi*ca*ry (?), n. [LL.
formicarium, fr. L. formica an ant.]
(Zo\'94l.) The nest or dwelling of a swarm of
ants; an ant-hill.
For"mi*cate (?), a. [L.
formica an ant.] (Zo\'94l.)
Resembling, or pertaining to, an ant or ants.
For`mi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
formicatio, fr. formicare to creep like an
ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr.
formica ant: cf. F. formication.]
(Med.) A sensation resembling that made by the
creeping of ants on the skin.
Dunglison.
For"mi*cid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the ants. --
n. One of the family
Formicid\'91, or ants.
For`mi*da*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Formidableness.
Walpole.
For"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L.
formidabilis, fr. formidare to fear, dread:
cf. F. formidable.] Exciting fear or
apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter
from approach, encounter, or undertaking; alarming.
They seemed to fear the formodable sight.
Dryden.
I swell my preface into a volume, and make it
formidable, when you see so many pages behind.
Drydn.
Syn. -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking;
horrible; terrific; tremendous.
For"mi*da*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being formidable, or adapted to excite dread.
Boyle.
For"mi*da*bly, adv. In a formidable
manner.
For*mid"o*lose (?), a. [L.
formidolosus, fr. formido fear.]
Very much afraid. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Form"ing (?), n. The act or
process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in shipbuilding,
the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.
Form"less, a. Shapeless; without a
determinate form; wanting regularity of shape. --
Form"less*ly, adv. --
Form"less*ness, n.
For"mu*la (?), n.; pl. E.
Formulas (#), L. Formul\'91
(#). [L., dim. of forma form,
model. SeeForm, n.] 1. A
prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or
conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or
said.
2. (Eccl.) A written confession of
faith; a formal statement of foctrines.
3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed
in algebraic language; as, the binominal
formula.
4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for
the preparation of a medicinal compound.
5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by
means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or
constitution of a compound.
Chemical formul\'91 consist of the
abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure
at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each
element contained.
Empirical formula (Chem.), an
expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents;
as, the empirical formula of acetic acid is
C2H4O2. -- Graphic
formula, Rational formula
(Chem.), an expression of the constitution, and in
a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping
of its atoms or radicals; as, a rational formula of
acetic acid is CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also
structural formula, constitutional
formula, etc. See also the formula of Benzene
nucleus, under Benzene. -- Molecular
formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the
supposed molecular constitution of a compound.
For`mu*la*ris"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or exhibiting, formularization.
Emerson.
For`mu*lar*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated
statement or exhibition.
C. Kingsley.
For"mu*lar*ize (?), v. t. To
reduce to a forula; to formulate.
For"mu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
formulaire. See Formula.] Stated;
prescribed; ritual.
For"mu*la*ry, n.; pl.
Formularies (#). [Cf. F.
formulaire.] 1. A book containing
stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers,
medical formula\'91, etc.; a book of precedents.
2. Prescribed form or model; formula.
For"mu*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Formulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Formulating
(?).] To reduce to, or express in, a
formula; to put in a clear and definite form of statement or
expression.
G. P. Marsh.
For`mu*la"tion (?), n. The act,
process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.
For"mule (?), n. [F.]
A set or prescribed model; a formula.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
For`mu*li*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of reducing to a formula; the state of being
formulized.
For"mu*lize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Formulized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Formulizing
(?).] To reduce to a formula; to
formulate.
Emerson.
For"myl (?), n.
[Formic + -yl.]
(Chem.) (a) A univalent radical,
H.C:O, regarded as the essential residue of
formic acid and aldehyde. (b)
Formerly, the radical methyl, CH3.
Forn*cast" (?), p. p. [OE.
foren + cast. See Forecast.]
Predestined. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For"ni*cal (?), a. Relating to
a fornix.
{ For"ni*cate (?), For"ni*ca`ted
(?) }, a. [L.
fornicatus, fr. fornix, -icis,
an arch, vault.] 1. Vaulted like an oven or
furnace; arched.
2. (Bot.) Arching over;
overarched.
Gray.
<-- p. 588 -->
For"ni*cate (?), v. i. [L.
fornicatus, p. p. of fornicari to
fornicate, fr. fornix, -icis, a vault, a
brothel in an underground vault.] To commit
fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.
For`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [F.
fornication, L. fornicatio.]
1. Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an
unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse
between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to
adultery.
Whartyon.
2. (Script.) (a)
Adultery. (b) Incest. (c)
Idolatry.
For"ni*ca`tor (?), n. [F.
fornicateur, OF. fornicator, from L.
fornicator.] An unmarried person, male or
female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one
guilty of fornication.
For"ni*ca`tress (?), n. [Cf. F.
fornicatrice, L. fornicatrix.] A
woman guilty of fornication.
Shak.
\'d8For"nix (?), n.; pl.
Fornices (#). [L., an arch.]
(Anat.) (a) An arch or fold; as, the
fornix, or vault, of the cranium; the fornix,
or reflection, of the conjuctiva. (b)
Esp., two longitudinal bands of white nervous tissue beneath
the lateral ventricles of the brain.
For*old" (?), a. Very
old. [Obs.]
A bear's skin, coal-black, forold.
Chaucer.
For*pass" (?), v. t. & i. To
pass by or along; to pass over. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For*pine" (?), v. t. To waste
away completely by suffering or torment.
[Archaic] \'bdPale as a forpined
ghost.\'b8
Chaucer.
For"ray (? , v. t. [OE.
forrayen. See Foray.] To foray; to
ravage; to pillage.
For they that morn had forrayed all the land.
Fairfax.
For"ray, n. The act of ravaging; a
ravaging; a predatory excursion. See Foray.
For"rill (?), n. [See
Forel.] Lambskin parchment; vellum;
forel.
McElrath.
For*sake" (?), v. t.
[imp. Forsook (?);
p. p. Forsaken (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forsaking.] [AS.
forsacan to oppose, refuse; for- +
sacan to contend, strive; akin to Goth.
sakan. See For-, and Sake.]
1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to
abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; as, false
friends and flatterers forsake us in
adversity.
If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my
judgments.
Ps. lxxxix. 30.
2. To renounce; to reject; to refuse.
If you forsake the offer of their love.
Shak.
Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up;
renounce; reject. See Abandon.
For*sak"er (?), n. One who
forsakes or deserts.
For*say" (?), v. t. [AS.
forsecgan to accuse; pref. for- +
secgan to say.] To forbid; to renounce; to
forsake; to deny. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For*shape" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + shape, v.t.] To render
misshapen. [Obs.]
Gower.
For*slack" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + slack to neglect.] To
neglect by idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
For*slouth"e (?), v. t. [See
For-, and Slouth.] To lose by sloth
or negligence. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*slow" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + slow.] To delay; to
hinder; to neglect; to put off. [Obs.]
Bacon.
For*slow", v. i. To loiter.
[Obs.]
Shak.
For*slug"ge (?), v. t. [See
Slug to be idle.] To lsoe by idleness or
slotch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*sooth" (?), adv. [AS.
fors\'d3\'eb; for, prep. +
s\'d3\'eb sooth, truth. See For,
prep., and Sooth.] In truth; in
fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly used as an expression of
deference or respect, especially to woman; now used ironically or
contemptuously.
A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm!
Hayward.
Our old English word forsooth has been changed for
the French madam.
Guardian.
For*sooth", v. t. To address
respectfully with the term forsooth.
[Obs.]
The captain of the \'bdCharles\'b8 had forsoothed
her, though he knew her well enough and she him.
Pepys.
For*sooth", n. A person who used
forsooth much; a very ceremonious and deferential
person. [R.]
You sip so like a forsooth of the city.
B. Jonson.
For*speak" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + speak.] 1. To
forbid; to prohibit.
Shak.
2. To bewitch. [Obs.]
Drayton.
For*spent" (?), a. [AS.
forspendan to consume; pref. for- +
spendan to spend.] Wasted in strength;
tired; exhausted. [Archaic]
A gentleman almost forspent with speed.
Shak.
For*stall" (?), v. t. To
forestall. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fors"ter (?), n. A
forester. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*straught" (?), p. p. & a.
[Pref. for- + straught; cf.
distraught.] Distracted.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*swat" (?), a. [See
Sweat.] Spent with heat; covered with
sweat. [Obs.]
P. Sidney.
For*swear" (?), v. t.
[imp. Forswore (?);
p. p. Forsworn (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forswearing.] [OE.
forsweren, forswerien, AS.
forswerian; pref. for- + swerian
to swear. See For-, and Swear, v.
i.] 1. To reject or renounce upon oath;
hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with
protestations.
I . . . do forswear her.
Shak.
2. To deny upon oath.
Like innocence, and as serenely bold
As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold!
Dryden.
To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to
pe/ure one's self. \'bdThou shalt not forswear
thyself.\'b8
/tt. v. 33.
Syn. -- See Perjure.
For*swear", v. i. To swear falsely; to
commit perjury.
Shak.
For*swear"er (?), n. One who
rejects of renounces upon oath; one who swears a false
oath.
For*swonk" (?), a. [Pref.
for- + swonk, p.p. of swinkto
labor. See Swink.] Overlabored; exhausted;
worn out. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For*swore" (?), imp. of
Forswear.
For*sworn" (?), p. p. of
Forswear.
For*sworn"ness, n. State of being
forsworn. [R.]
\'d8For*syth"i*a (?), a. [NL.
Named after William Forsyth, who brought in from
China.] (Bot.) A shrub of the Olive family,
with yellow blossoms.
Fort (?), n. [F., from
fort strong, L. fortis; perh. akin to Skr.
darh to fix, make firm, and to E. firm Cf.
Forte, Force, Fortalice,
Comfort, Effort.] (Mil.)
A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified
place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart,
and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of
defense; a fortification.
Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong
to the class of works termed forts.
Farrow.
Fort"a*lice (?), n. [LL.
fortalitia, or OF. fortelesce. See
Fortress.] (Mil.) A small outwork
of a fortification; a fortilage; -- called also
fortelace.
Forte (f, n. [IT.
forte: cf. F. fort. See
Fort.] 1. The strong point; that in
which one excels.
<-- sense 2 is often pronounced f -->
The construction of a fable seems by no means the
forte of our modern poetical writers.
Jeffrey.
2. The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the
part of half nearest the hilt; -- opposed to
foible.
\'d8For"te (f, adv. [It.
forte, a. & adv., fr. L. fortis
strong.] (Mus.) Loudly; strongly;
powerfully.
Fort"ed (?), a. Furnished with,
or guarded by, forts; strengthened or defended, as by
forts. [R.]
Shak.
Forth (?), v.[AS.
for, fr. for akin to D.
voort, G. fort Fore,
For, and cf. Afford, Further,
adv.] 1. Forward; onward in time,
place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end;
as, from that day forth; one, two, three, and so
forth.
Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth
of the Acts forth.
Tyndale.
From this time forth, I never will speak
word.
Shak.
I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say
forth; I said I was taught no more.
Strype.
2. Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement,
confinement, nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or
view; as, the plants in spring put forth
leaves.
When winter past, and summer scarce begun,
Invites them forth to labor in the sun.
Dryden.
3. Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad;
out.
I have no mind of feasting forth to-night.
Shak.
4. Throughly; from beginning to end.
[Obs.]
Shak.
And so forth, Back and forth,
From forth. See under And,
Back, and From. -- Forth
of, Forth from, out of
[Obs.] Shak. -- To bring
forth. See under Bring.
Forth, prep. Forth from; out of.
[Archaic]
Some forth their cabins peep.
Donne.
Forth, n. [OE., a ford. / 78. See
Frith.] A way; a passage or ford.
[Obs.]
Todd.
Forth`by" (?), adv.
[Obs.] See Forby.
Forth"com`ing (? , a.
Ready or about to appear; making appearance.
Forth"go`ing (? , n. A
going forth; an utterance.
A. Chalmers.
Forth"go`ing, a. Going forth.
For*think" (?), v. t. To
repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause regret.
[Obs.] \'bdLet it forthink you.\'b8
Tyndale.
That me forthinketh, quod this January.
Chaucer.
Forth"put`ing (? , a.
Bold; forward; aggressive.
Forth"right` (? , adv.
[Forth, adv. + right,
adv.] Straight forward; in a straight
direction. [Archaic]
Sir P. Sidney.
Forth"right`, a. Direct;
straightforward; as, a forthright man.
[Archaic]
Lowell.
They were Night and Day, and Day and Night,
Piligrims wight with steps forthright.
Emerson.
Forth"right`, n. A straight path.
[Archaic]
Here's a maze trod, indeed,
Through forthrights and meanders!
Shak.
Forth"right`ness, n.
Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness.
[Archaic]
Dante's concise forthrightness of phrase.
Hawthorne.
Forth"ward (?), adv.
[Forth, adv. + -ward.]
Forward. [Obs.]
Bp. Fisher.
Forth`with" (? With),
adv. 1. Immediately; without delay;
directly.
Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales;
and he received sight forthwith.
Acts ix. 18.
2. (Law) As soon as the thing required
may be done by reasonable exertion confined to that object.
Bouvier.
For*thy" (?), adv. [AS.
for; for, prep. +
, instrumental neut. of se,
se\'a2, , pron. demonstrative and
article. See The.] Therefore.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
For"ties (?), n. pl. See
Forty.
For"ti*eth (?), a. [AS.
fe\'a2wertigo/a. See Forty.]
1. Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by
thirty-nine units, things, or parts.
2. Constituting one of forty equal parts into which
anything is divided.
For"ti*eth, n. One of forty equal parts
into which one whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided
by forty; one next in order after the thirty-ninth.
For"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
OF. fortifiable.] Capable of being
fortified.
Johnson.
For`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
fortificatio : cf. F. fortification.]
1. The act of fortifying; the art or science of
fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy.
2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or
works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified
place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.
Fortification agate, Scotch pebble.
Syn. -- Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See
Fortress.
For"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who,
or that which, fortifies, strengthens, supports, or
upholds.
For"ti*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fortified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fortifying.] [F. fortifier,
L. fortificare; fortis strong +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Fort, and
-fy.] 1. To add strength to; to
strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with power to resist
attack.
Timidity was fortified by pride.
Gibbon.
Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to
fortify his resolution.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries,
or by surrounding with a wall or ditch or other military works;
to render defensible against an attack by hostile forces.
For"ti*fy, v. i. To raise defensive
works.
Milton.
For"ti*lage (?; 48), n. [Cf.
Fortalice.] A little fort; a
blockhouse. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fort"in (?), n. [F. See
Fort, n.] A little fort; a
fortlet. [Obs.]
\'d8For*tis"si*mo (? , adv.
[It., superl. of forte, adv. See Forte,
adv.] (Mus.) Very loud; with the
utmost strength or loudness.
For*ti"tion (?), n. [See
Fortuitous.] Casual choice; fortuitous
selection; hazard. [R.]
No mode of election operating in the spirit of
fortition or rotation can be generally good.
Burke.
For"ti*tude (?), n. [L.
fortitudo, fr. fortis strong. See
Fort.] 1. Power to resist attack;
strength; firmness. [Obs.]
The fortitude of the place is best known to
you.
Shak.
2. That strength or firmness of mind which enables
a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to
bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression, or
despondency; passive courage; resolute endurance; firmness in
confronting or bearing up against danger or enduring
trouble.
Extolling patience as the truest fortitude.
Milton.
Fortitude is the guard and support of the other
virtues.
Locke.
Syn. -- Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance;
bravery. See Courage, and Heroism.
For`ti*tu"di*nous (?), a.
Having fortitude; courageous. [R.]
Gibbon.
Fort"let (?), n. A little
fort. [R.]
Bailey.
Fort"night` (?; in U.S. often ?;
277), n. [Contr. fr. fourteen
nights, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters;
so, also, seven nights, sennight, a
week.] The space of fourteen days; two weeks.
Fort"night`ly (?), a. Occurring
or appearing once in a fortnight; as, a fortnightly
meeting of a club; a fortnightly magazine, or other
publication. -- adv. Once in a
fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.
For*tread" (?), v. t. To tread
down; to trample upon. [Obs.]
In hell shall they be all fortroden of devils.
Chaucer.
For"tress (?), n.; pl.
Fortresses (#). [F.
forteresse, OF. forteresce,
fortelesce, LL. foralitia, fr. L.
fortis strong. See Fort, and cf.
Fortalice.] A fortified place; a large and
permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; a fort; a
castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.
Syn. -- Fortress, Fortification,
Castle, Citadel. A
fortress is constructed for military purposes only,
and is permanently garrisoned; a fortification is
built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a castle is a
fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling;
a citadel is the stronghold of a fortress or city,
etc.
For"tress, v. t. To furnish with a
fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to fortify.
Shak.
For*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L.
fortuitus; akin to forte, adv., by chance,
prop. abl. of fors, fortis, chance. See
Fortune.] 1. Happening by chance;
coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without any known cause;
chance; as, the fortuitous concourse of
atoms.
It was from causes seemingly fortuitous . . . that
all the mighty effects of the Reformation flowed.
Robertson.
So as to throw a glancing and fortuitous light upon
the whole.
Hazlitt.
2. (LAw) Happening independently of
human will or means of foresight; resulting from unavoidable
physical causes.
Abbott.
Syn. -- Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See
Accidental.
-- For*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. --
For*tu"i*tous*ness, n.
For*tu"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
fortuit\'82.] Accident; chance;
casualty.
D. Forbes (1750).
For"tu*nate (?; 135), a. [L.
fortunatus, p.p. of fortunare to make
fortunate or prosperous, fr. fortuna. See
Fortune, n.] 1. Coming by
good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing not
foreseen as certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; as, a
fortunate event; a fortunate concurrence of
circumstances; a fortunate investment.
2. Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or
some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts;
favored with good forune; lucky.
Syn. -- Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored;
happy. -- Fortunate, Successful,
Prosperous. A man is fortunate, when he is
favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot;
successful when he gains what he aims at;
prosperous when he succeeds in those things which men
commonly desire. One may be fortunate, in some cases,
where he is not successful; he may be
successful, but, if he has been mistaken in the value
of what he has aimed at, he may for that reason fail to be
prosperous.
For"tu*nate*ly, adv. In a fortunate
manner; luckily; successfully; happily.
For"tu*nate*ness, n. The condition or
quality of being fortunate; good luck; success; happiness.
<-- p. 589 -->
For"tune (?; 135), n. [F.
fortune, L. fortuna; akin to
fors, fortis, chance, prob. fr.
ferre to bear, bring. See Bear to support,
and cf. Fortuitous.] 1. The arrival
of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident;
luck; hap; also, the personified or deified power regarded as
determining human success, apportioning happiness and
unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the
lots of life.
'T is more by fortune, lady, than by merit.
Shak.
O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee
fickle.
Shak.
2. That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in
life, or event in any particular undertaking; fate; destiny;
as, to tell one's fortune.
You, who men's fortunes in their faces read.
Cowley.
3. That which comes as the result of an undertaking
or of a course of action; good or ill success; especially,
favorable issue; happy event; success; prosperity as reached
partly by chance and partly by effort.
Our equal crimes shall equal fortune give.
Dryden.
There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.
Shak.
His father dying, he was driven to seek his
fortune.
Swift.
4. Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches;
as, a gentleman of fortune.
Syn. -- Chance; accident; luck; fate.
Fortune book, a book supposed to reveal future
events to those who consult it.
Crashaw.
- Fortune hunter, one who seeks to acquire
wealth by marriage. -- Fortune teller, one
who professes to tell future events in the life of another.
-- Fortune telling, the practice or art of
professing to reveal future events in the life of
another.
For"tune, v. t. [OF.
fortuner, L. fortunare. See
Fortune, n.] 1. To make
fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To provide with a fortune.
Richardson.
3. To presage; to tell the fortune of.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
For"tune, v. i. To fall out; to
happen.
It fortuned the same night that a Christian,
serving a Turk in the camp, secretely gave the watchmen
warning.
Knolles.
For"tune*less, a. Luckless; also,
destitute of a fortune or portion.
Spenser.
For"tun*ize (?), v. t. To
regulate the fortune of; to make happy. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For"ty (?), a. [OE.
forti, fourti, fowerty, AS.
fe\'a2wertig; fe\'a2wer four + suff.
-tig ten; akin to OS. fiwartig,
fiartig, D. veertig, G. vierzig,
Icel. fj\'94rut\'c6u, Sw. fyratio, Dan.
fyrretyve, Goth. fidw/r tigjus. See
Four, and Ten, and cf.
Fourteen.] Four times ten; thirtynine and one
more.
For"ty, n.; pl. Forties
(/). 1. The sum of four tens;
forty units or objects.
2. A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or
xl.
For"ty-spot` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond
bird (Pardalotus quadragintus).
Fo"rum (?), n.; pl. E.
Forums (#), L. Fora
(#). [L.; akin to foris,
foras, out of doors. See Foreign.]
1. A market place or public place in Rome, where
causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the
people.
2. A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to
hear and decide causes.
He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in
the forum.
Brougham.
For*waked" (? , p. p. & a.
Tired out with excessive waking or watching.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*wan"der (?), v. i. To
wander away; to go astray; to wander far and to weariness.
[Obs.]<-- sic. ? -->
For"ward (?), n. [OE., fr. AS.
foreweard; fore before + weard a
ward. See Ward, n.] An agreement;
a covenant; a promise. [Obs.]
Tell us a tale anon, as forward is.
Chaucer.
{ For"ward (?), For"wards
(?) }, adv. [AS.
forweard, foreweard; for,
fore + -weardes; akin to G.
vorw\'84rts. The s is properly a genitive
ending. See For, Fore, and -ward,
-wards.] Toward a part or place before or in
front; onward; in advance; progressively; -- opposed to
backward.
For"ward, a. 1. Near, or at the
fore part; in advance of something else; as, the
forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a
fleet.
2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill
sense, overready; to hasty.
Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same
which I also was forward to do.
Gal. ii. 10.
Nor do we find him forward to be sounded.
Shak.
3. Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less
reserved or modest than is proper; bold; confident; as, the
boy is too forward for his years.
I have known men disagreeably forward from their
shyness.
T. Arnold.
4. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for
season; as, the grass is forward, or
forward for the season; we have a forward
spring.
<-- the latter sense is now early. -->
The most forward bud
Is eaten by the canker ere it blow.
Shak.
For"ward (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Forwarded;
p.pr. & vb.n. Forwarding.]
1. To help onward; to advance; to promote; to
accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; as, to forward
the growth of a plant; to forward one in
improvement.
2. To send forward; to send toward the place of
destination; to transmit; as, to forward a
letter.
For"ward*er (?), n. 1.
One who forwards or promotes; a promoter.
Udall.
2. One who sends forward anything;
(Com.) one who transmits goods; a forwarding
merchant.
<-- e.g. freight forwarder -->
3. (Bookbinding) One employed in
forwarding.
For"ward*ing, n. 1. The act of
one who forwards; the act or occupation of transmitting
merchandise or other property for others.
2. (Bookbinding) The process of putting
a book into its cover, and making it ready for the
finisher.
For"ward*ly (?), adv. Eagerly;
hastily; obtrusively.
For"ward*ness, n. The quality of being
forward; cheerful readiness; promtness; as, the
forwardness of Christians in propagating the
gospel.
2. An advanced stage of progress or of preparation;
advancement; as, his measures were in great
forwardness.
Robertson.
3. Eagerness; ardor; as, it is difficult to
restrain the forwardness of youth.
3. Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due
reserve or modesty.
In France it is usual to bring children into company, and
cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of
forwardness and assurance.
Addison.
5. A state of advance beyond the usual degree;
prematureness; precocity; as, the forwardnessof
spring or of corn; the forwardness of a
pupil.
He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain
to restrain his forwardness.
Sir H. Wotton.
Syn. -- Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal;
assurance; confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.
For"wards (?), adv. Same as
Forward.
For*waste" (?), v. t. [Pref.
for- + waste.] To desolate or
lay waste utterly. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For*wwea"ry (?), v. t. To weary
extremely; to dispirit. [Obs.]
Spenser.
For*weep" (?), v. i. To weep
much. [Obs.]
For*wete" (?), v. t. See
Forewite. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*why" (?), conj.
[For + why, AS. hw/,
instrumental case of hw\'be who.]
Wherefore; because. [Obs.]
For*worn" (?), a. Much
worn. [Obs.]
A silly man, in simple weeds forworn.
Spenser.
For*wot" (?), pres. indic. 1st & 3d
pers. sing. of Forwete. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*wrap" (?), v. t. To wrap
up; to conceal. [Obs.]
All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor
forwrapped.
Chaucer.
For*yelde" (?), v. t. [AS.
forgieldan.] To repay; to requite.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*yete" (?), v. t. To
forget. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
For*yet"ten (?), obs. p.
p. of Foryete.
Chaucer.
\'d8For*zan"do (?), adv. [It.,
prop. p.p. of forzare to force.]
(Mus.) See Sforzato.
\'d8Fos"sa (?), n.; pl.
Foss\'92 (#). [L., a ditch. See
Fosse.] (Anat.) A pit, groove,
cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; as, the
temporal fossa on the side of the skull; the nasal
foss\'91 containing the nostrils in most
birds.
Fos"sane` (?), n. [Cf. F.
fossane.] (Zo\'94l.) A species
of civet (Viverra fossa) resembling the genet.
Fosse (?), n. [F., fr. L.
fossa, fr. fodere, fossum, to
dig.] 1. (Fort.) A ditch or
moat.
2. (Anat.) See Fossa.
Fosse road. See Fosseway.
Fos"set (?), n. A faucet.
[Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Fos`sette" (? , n.
[F., dim. of fosse a fosse.] 1.
A little hollow; hence, a dimple.
2. (Med.) A small, deep-centered ulcer
of the transparent cornea.
Fosse"way` (?), n. One of the
great military roads constructed by the Romans in England and
other parts of Europe; -- so called from the fosse or
ditch on each side for keeping it dry.
Fos"sil (?), a. [L.
fossilis, fr. fodere to dig: cf. F.
fossile. See Fosse.] 1.
Dug out of the eart; as, fossil coal;
fossil salt.
2. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to
fossils; contained in rocks. whether petrified or not; as,
fossil plants, shells.
Fossil copal, a resinous substance, first
found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a
vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth.
-- Fossil cork, flax,
paper, wood, varieties of
amianthus. -- Fossil farina, a soft carbonate
of lime. -- Fossil ore, fossiliferous red
hematite.
Raymond.
Fos"sil, n. 1. A substance dug
from the earth. [Obs.]
fossils, but the word is now restricted to express the
remains of animals and plants found buried in the earth.
Ure.
2. (Paleon.) The remains of an animal or
plant found in stratified rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct
species, but many of the later ones belong to species still
living.
3. A person whose views and opinions are extremely
antiquated; one whose sympathies are with a former time rather
than with the present. [Colloq.]
Fos`sil*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Fossil + -ferous.]
(Paleon.) Containing or composed of
fossils.
Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Fossil + L. facere to make.]
The process of becoming fossil.
Fos"sil*ism (?), n. 1.
The science or state of fossils.
Coleridge.
2. The state of being extremely antiquated in views
and opinions.
Fos"sil*ist, n. One who is versed in the
science of fossils; a paleontologist.
Joseph Black.
Fos`sil*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. fossilisation.] The process of
converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.
Fos"sil*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fossilized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fossilizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
fossiliser.] 1. To convert into a
fossil; to petrify; as, to fossilize bones or
wood.
2. To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed,
as by fossilization; to mummify; to deaden.
Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head
Are apt to fossilize her girlish mirth.
Mrs. Browning.
Fos"sil*ize, v. i. 1. To become
fossil.
2. To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond
the influence of change or progress.
Fos"sil*ized (?), a. Converted
into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed in views or
opinions.
A fossilized sample of confused provincialism.
Earle.
\'d8Fos*so"res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. fossor/ digger, fr.
fodere to dig.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of hymenopterous insects including the sand wasps. They
excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs, with the
bodies of other insects for the food of the young when
hatched. [Written also Fossoria.]
\'d8Fos*so"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Fossores.
Fos*so"ri*al (?), a. [L.
fossor a digger.] Fitted for digging,
adapted for burrowing or digging; as, a fossorial
foot; a fossorial animal.
Fos*so"ri*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Adapted for digging; -- said of the
legs of certain insects.
Fos"su*late (?), a. [L.
fossula little ditch, dim. of fossa. See
Fosse.] Having, or surrounded by, long,
narrow depressions or furrows.
Fos"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fostered
(?), p. pr. & vb. n.
Fostering.] [OE. fostren,
fr. AS. f\'d3ster, f\'d3stor, food,
nourishment, fr. f\'d3da food. \'fb75. See
Food.] 1. To feed; to nourish; to
support; to bring up.
Some say that ravens foster forlorn children.
Shak.
2. To cherish; to promote the growth of; to
encourage; to sustain and promote; as, to foster
genius.
Fos"ter, v. i. To be nourished or
trained up together. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fos"ter, a. [AS. f\'d3ster,
f\'d3stor, nourishment. See Foster, v.
t.] Relating to nourishment; affording,
receiving, or sharing nourishment or nurture; -- applied to
father, mother, child, brother, etc., to indicate that the person
so called stands in the relation of parent, child, brother, etc.,
as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie of blood.
Foster babe, ,
an infant of child nursed by a woman not its mother, or bred
by a man not its father. -- Foster brother,
Foster sister, one who is, or has been,
nursed at the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as
another, but is not of the same parentage. -- Foster
dam, one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse.
Dryden. -- Foster earth, earth by which a
plant is nourished, though not its native soil. J.
Philips. -- Foster father, a man who takes
the place of a father in caring for a child. Bacon.
-- Foster land. (a) Land allotted for the
maintenance of any one. [Obs.] (b)
One's adopted country. -- Foster lean
[foster + AS. l\'91n a loan See
Loan.], remuneration fixed for the rearing of
a foster child; also, the jointure of a wife.
[Obs.] Wharton. -- Foster
mother, a woman who takes a mother's place in the
nurture and care of a child; a nurse. -- Foster
nurse, a nurse; a nourisher. [R.]
Shak. -- Foster parent, a foster mother
or foster father. -- Foster son, a male
foster child.
Fos"ter, n. A forester.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Fos"ter*age (?; 48), n. The
care of a foster child; the charge of nursing.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Fos"ter (?), n. One who, or
that which, fosters.
Fos"ter*ling, n. [AS.
f\'d3storling.] A foster child.
Fos"ter*ment (?), n. Food;
nourishment. [Obs.]
Fos"tress (?), n. [For
fosteress.] A woman who feeds and
cherishes; a nurse.
B. Jonson.
Foth"er (?), n. [OE.
fother, foder, AS. f\'d3/er a
cartload; akin to G. fuder a cartload, a unit of
measure, OHG. fuodar, D. voeder, and perh.
to E. fathom, or cf. Skr. p\'betr\'be
vessel, dish. Cf. Fodder a fother.] 1.
A wagonload; a load of any sort. [Obs.]
Of dung full many a fother.
Chaucer.
2. See Fodder, a unit of weight.
Foth"er, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fothered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fothering.] [Cf.
Fodder food, and G. f\'81ttern,
futtern, to cover within or without, to line.
\'fb75.] To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing
under its bottom a thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the
water may force it into the crack.
Totten.
Fo"tive (?), a. [L.
fovere, fotum, to keep warm, to
cherish.] Nourishing. [Obs.]
T. Carew (1633).
Fot"mal (?), n. (Com.)
Seventy pounds of lead.
{ \'d8Fou`gade" (?),
\'d8Fou`gasse" (?) }, n.
(Mil.) A small mine, in the form of a well sunk
from the surface of the ground, charged with explosive and
projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be occupied by
the enemy.
Fought (?), imp. & p. p. of
Fight.
Fought"en (?), p. p. of
Fight. [Archaic]
Foul (?), n. [See
Fowl.] A bird. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Foul (?), a.
[Compar. Fouler (-;
superl. Foulest.] [OE.
foul, ful, AS. f; akin to
D. vuil, G. faul rotten, OHG.
f, Icel. f foul, fetid; Dan.
fuul, Sw. ful foul, Goth.
f fetid, Lith. puti to be putrid,
L. putere to stink, be putrid, pus pus, Gr.
py`on pus, to cause to rot, Skr. p
to stink. \'fb82. Cf. Defile to foul, File to
foul, Filth, Pus, Putrid.]
1. Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter
which is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy;
dirty; not clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; as, a
foul cloth; foul hands; a foul
chimney; foul air; a ship's bottom is foul when
overgrown with barnacles; a gun becomes foul from
repeated firing; a well is foul with polluted
water.
My face is foul with weeping.
Job. xvi. 16.
2. Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as,
foul words; foul language.
3. Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious;
wretched. \'bdThe foul with Sycorax.\'b8
Shak.
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
Milton.
4. Loathsome; disgusting; as, a foul
disease.
5. Ugly; homely; poor. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares.
Shak.
6. Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or
advantageous; as, a foul wind; a foul
road; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the
weather, sky, etc.
So foul a sky clears not without a storm.
Shak.
7. Not conformed to the established rules and
customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest;
dishonorable; cheating; as, foul play.
8. Having freedom of motion interfered with by
collision or entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to
clear; as, a rope or cable may get foul
while paying it out.
<-- p. 590 -->
Foul anchor. (Naut.) See under
Anchor. -- Foul ball
(Baseball), a ball that first strikes the ground
outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain
limits. -- Foul ball lines (Baseball),
lines from the home base, through the first and third bases,
to the boundary of the field. -- Foul berth
(Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger of
fouling another vesel. -- Foul bill, Foul bill of health, a certificate, duly
authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a
contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are
infected. -- Foul copy, a rough draught, with
erasures and corrections; -- opposed to fair or
clean copy. \'bdSome writers boast of negligence,
and others would be ashamed to show their foul
copies.\'b8 Cowper. -- Foul proof,
an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive
quantity of errors. -- Foul strike
(Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any part
of his person is outside of the lines of his position. --
To fall foul, to fall out; to quarrel.
[Obs.] \'bdIf they be any ways offended, they
fall foul.\'b8 Burton. -- To
fall, , foul of. See
under Fall. -- To make foul water,
to sail in such shallow water that the ship's keel stirs the
mud at the bottom.
Foul (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fouled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Fouling.]
1. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to
soil; as, to foul the face or hands with
mire.
2. (Mil.) To incrust (the bore of a gun)
with burnt powder in the process of firing.
3. To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that
impered its sailing; as, a bottom fouled with
barnacles.
4. To entangle, so as to impede motion; as, to
foul a rope or cable in paying it out; to come into
collision with; as, one boat fouled the other in a
race.
Foul, v. i. 1. To become
clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a
gun.
2. To become entagled, as ropes; to come into
collision with something; as, the two boats
fouled.
Foul, n. 1. An entanglement; a
collision, as in a boat race.
2. (Baseball) See Foul
ball, under Foul, a.
\'d8Fou`lard" (?), n.
[F.] A thin, washable material of silk, or silk
and cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made
elsewhere.
Foul"der (?), v. i. [OE.
fouldre lightning, fr. F. foudre, OF. also
fouldre, fr. L. fulgur. See
Fulgor.] To flash, as lightning; to lighten;
to gleam; to thunder. [Obs.] \'bdFlames of
fouldering heat.\'b8
Spenser.
Foul"e (?), adv. Foully.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Foul"ly (?), v.In a foul
manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly;
dishonorably.
I foully wronged him; do forgive me, do.
Gay.
Foul"-mouthed` (?), a. Using
language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane;
abusive.
So foul-mouthed a witness never appeared in any
cause.
Addison.
Foul"ness, n. [AS.
f/lnes.] The quality or condition of
being foul.
Foul"-spo`ken (?), a. Using
profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language.
Shak.
Fou"mart` (?), n. [OE.
folmard, fulmard; AS. f/l foul
+ mear/, meard, marten: cf. F.
marte, martre. See Foul,
a., and Marten the quadruped.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European polecat; -- called also
European ferret, and
fitchew. See Polecat.
[Written also foulmart, foulimart,
and fulimart.]
Found (?), imp. & p. p. of
Find.
Found, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Founding.] [F. fondre, L.
fundere to found, pour.] To form by melting
a metal, and pouring it into a mold; to cast. \'bdWhereof
to found their engines.\'b8
Milton.
Found, n. A thin, single-cut file for
combmakers.
Found, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Founding.] [F. fonder, L.
fundare, fr. fundus bottom. See 1st
Bottom, and cf. Founder, v. i.,
Fund.] 1. To lay the basis of; to
set, or place, as on something solid, for support; to ground; to
establish upon a basis, literal or figurative; to fix
firmly.
I had else been perfect,
Whole as the marble, founded as the rock.
Shak.
A man that all his time
Hath founded his good fortunes on your love.
Shak.
It fell not, for it was founded on a rock.
Matt. vii. 25.
2. To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting
or building up; to furnish the materials for beginning; to begin
to raise; to originate; as, to found a college; to
found a family.
There they shall found
Their government, and their great senate choose.
Milton.
Syn. -- To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See
Predicate.
Foun*da"tion (?), n. [F.
fondation, L. fundatio. See Found
to establish.] 1. The act of founding,
fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.
2. That upon which anything is founded; that on
which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest
and supporting layer of a superstructure; groundwork;
basis.
Behold, I lay in Zion, for a foundation, a stone .
. . a precious corner stone, a sure foundation.
Is. xxviii. 16.
The foundation of a free common wealth.
Motley.
3. (Arch.) The lowest and supporting
part or member of a wall, including the base course (see
Base course (a), under Base,
n.) and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole
substructure of masonry.
4. A donation or legacy appropriated to support a
charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund;
endowment.
He was entered on the foundation of
Westminster.
Macaulay.
5. That which is founded, or established by
endowment; an endowed institution or charity.
Against the canon laws of our foundation.
Milton.
Foundation course. See Base
course, under Base, n. --
Foundation muslin, an open-worked gummed fabric
used for stiffening dresses, bonnets, etc. --
Foundation school, in England, an endowed
school. -- To be on a foundation, to be
entitled to a support from the proceeds of an endowment, as a
scholar or a fellow of a college.
Foun*da"tion*er (?), n. One who
derives support from the funds or foundation of a college or
school. [Eng.]
Foun*da"tion*less, a. Having no
foundation.
Found"er (?), n. [Cf. OF.
fondeor, F. fondateur, L.
fundator.] One who founds, establishes, and
erects; one who lays a foundation; an author; one from whom
anything originates; one who endows.
Found"er, n. [From Found to
cast.] One who founds; one who casts metals in various
forms; a caster; as, a founder of cannon, bells,
hardware, or types.
Fonder's dust. Same as Facing,
4. -- Founder's sand, a kind of sand suitable
for purposes of molding.
Found"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Foundered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foundering.] [OF. fondrer to
fall in, cf. F. s'effondrer, fr. fond
bottom, L. fundus. See Found to
establish.] 1. (Naut.) To become
filled with water, and sink, as a ship.
2. To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a
horse.
For which his horse fear\'82 gan to turn,
And leep aside, and foundrede as he leep.
Chaucer.
3. To fail; to miscarry. \'bdAll his tricks
founder.\'b8
Shak.
Found"er, v. t. To cause internal
inflammation and soreness in the feet or limbs of (a horse), so
as to disable or lame him.
Found"er, n. (Far.) (a)
A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by
inflammation; closh. (b) An inflammatory
fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; as, chest
founder. See Chest ffounder.
James White.
Foun"der*ous (?), a. Difficult
to travel; likely to trip one up; as, a founderous
road. [R.]
Burke.
Found"er*shaft` (?), n.
(Mining) The first shaft sunk.
Raymond.
Found"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Founderies (#). [F.
fonderie, fr. fondre. See Found to
cast, and cf. Foundry.] Same as
Foundry.
Found"ing, n. The art of smelting and
casting metals.
Found"ling (?), n. [OE.
foundling, fundling; finden to
find + -ling; cf. f\'81ndling,
findling. See Find, v. t., and
-ling.] A deserted or exposed infant; a child
found without a parent or owner.
Foundling hospital, a hospital for
foundlings.
Found"ress (?), n. A female
founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a
fund.
Found"ry (?), n.; pl.
Foundries (#). [See
Foundery.] 1. The act, process, or
art of casting metals.
2. The buildings and works for casting
metals.
Foundry ladle, a vessel for holding molten
metal and conveying it from cupola to the molds.
Fount (?), n. [See
Font.] (Print.) A font.
Fount, n. [OF. font,
funt, fr. L. fons, fontis, a
fountain; of uncertain origin, perh. akin to fundere
to pour, E. found to cast. Cf. Font.]
A fountain.
Fount"tain (?), n. [F.
fontaine, LL. fontana, fr. L.
fons, fontis. See 2d Fount.]
1. A spring of water issuing from the earth.
2. An artificially produced jet or stream of water;
also, the structure or works in which such a jet or stream rises
or flows; a basin built and constantly supplied with pure water
for drinking and other useful purposes, or for ornament.
3. A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which
can be conducted or drawn off as needed for use; as, the ink
fountain in a printing press, etc.
4. The source from which anything proceeds, or from
which anything is supplied continuously; origin; source.
Judea, the fountain of the gospel.
Fuller.
Author of all being,
Fountain of light, thyself invisible.
Milton.
Air fountain. See under Air. --
Fountain heead, primary source; original; first
principle. Young. -- Fountain inkstand,
an inkstand having a continual supply of ink, as from
elevated reservoir. -- Fountain lamp, a lamp
fed with oil from an elevated reservoir. -- Fountain
pen, a pen with a reservoir in the handle which
furnishes a supply of ink. -- Fountain pump.
(a) A structure for a fountain, having the form of a
pump. (b) A portable garden pump which throws a
jet, for watering plants, etc. -- Fountain shell
(Zo\'94l.), the large West Indian conch shell
(Strombus gigas). -- Fountain of
youth, a mythical fountain whose waters were fabled to
have the property of renewing youth.
Foun"tain*less, a. Having no fountain;
destitute of springs or sources of water.
Barren desert, fountainless and dry.
Milton.
Fount"ful (?), a. Full of
fountains.
Pope.
Four (?), a. [OE.
four, fower, feower, AS.
fe\'a2wer; akin to OS. fiwar, D. & G.
vier, OHG. fior, Icel. fj/rir,
Sw. fyra, Dan. fire, Goth.
fidw/r, Russ. chetuire,
chetvero, W. pedwar, L. quatuor,
Gr. /, /, /, Skr. catur. / 302. Cf.
Farthing, Firkin, Forty,
Cater four, Quater-cousin, Quatuor,
Quire of paper, tetrarch.] One more
than three; twice two.
Four, n. 1. The sum of four
units; four units or objects.
2. A symbol representing four units, as 4 or
iv.
3. Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses;
as, a chariot and four.
All fours. See All fours, in the
Vocabulary.
{ Fourb, Fourbe (?) },
n. [F.] A trickly fellow; a
cheat. [Obs.]
Evelyn. Denham.
\'d8Four`ch\'82" (?), a. [F.
See Fo/.] (Her.) Having the ends
forked or branched, and the ends of the branches terminating
abruptly as if cut off; -- said of an ordinary, especially of a
cross.
\'d8Four`chette" (?), n. [F.,
dim. of fourche. See Fork.] 1.
A table fork.
2. (Anat.) (a) A small fold of
membrane, connecting the labia in the posterior part of the
vulva. (b) The wishbone or furculum of
birds. (c) The frog of the hoof of the horse
and allied animals.
3. (Surg.) An instrument used to raise
and support the tongue during the cutting of the fr\'91num.
4. (Glove Making) The forked piece
between two adjacent fingers, to which the front and back
portions are sewed.
Knight.
Four"-cor`nered (?), a. Having
four corners or angles.
Four`dri`nier" (?), n. A
machine used in making paper; -- so named from an early inventor
of improvements in this class of machinery.
Four"fold` (?), a. & adv. [AS.
fe\'a2werfeold.] Four times; quadruple;
as, a fourfold division.
He snall restore the lamb fourfold.
2 Sam. xii. 6.
Four"fold`, n. Four times as many or as
much.
Four"fold`, v. t. To make four times as
much or as many, as an assessment,; to quadruple.
Four"foot`ed (?), a. Having
four feet; quadruped; as, fourfooted
beasts.
\'d8Four`gon" (?), n.
[F.] (Mil.) (a)An ammunition
wagon. (b) A French baggage wagon.
Four"hand`ed (?), a. 1.
Having four hands; quadrumanous.
Goldsmith.
2. Requiring four \'bdhands\'b8 or players; as,
a fourhanded game at cards.
Fou"ri*er*ism (?), n. The
co\'94perative socialistic system of Charles Fourier,
a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into
small communities, living in common.
{ Fou"ri*er*ist, Fou"ri*er*ite
(?) }, n. One who adopts the views
of Fourier.
Four"-in-hand (?), a.
Consisting of four horses controlled by one person; as,
a four-in-hand team; drawn by four horses driven by one
person; as, a four-in-hand coach. --
n. A team of four horses driven by one
person; also, a vehicle drawn by such a team.
As quaint a four-in-hand
As you shall see.
Tennyson.
Four"ling, n. 1. One of four
children born at the same time.
2. (Crystallog.) A compound or twin
crystal consisting of four individuals.
\'d8Four`neau" (?), n.
[F.] (Mil.) The chamber of a mine in
which the powder is placed.
Four"-o'clock` (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Mirabilis.
There are about half a dozen species, natives of the warmer parts
of America. The common four-o'clock is M.
Jalapa. Its flowers are white, yellow, and red, and open
toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence the name. It
is also called marvel of Peru, and
afternoon lady.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The friar bird; -- so
called from its cry, which resembles these words.
Four"pence (?), n. 1.
A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.
2. A name formerly given in New England to the
Spanish half real, a silver coin worth six and a quarter
cents.
Four"-post`er (?), n. A large
bedstead with tall posts at the corners to support
curtains. [Colloq.]
Four"rier (?; F. /), n. [F.,
fr. OF. forre. See Forage,
n.] A harbinger. [Obs.]
Four"score` (?), a.
[Four + core, n.]
Four times twenty; eighty.
Four"score`, n. The product of four
times twenty; eighty units or objects.
Four"square` (?), a. Having
four sides and four equal angles.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Four"teen` (?), a. [OE.
fourtene, feowertene, AS.
fe\'a2wert/ne, fe\'a2wert/ne. See
Four, and Ten, and cf. Forty.]
Four and ten more; twice seven.
Four"teen`, n. 1. The sum of
ten and four; forteen units or objects.
2. A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or
xiv.
Four"teenth` (?), a. [Cf. OE.
fourtende, fourtethe, AS.
fe\'a2werteo.] 1. Next in
order after the thirteenth; as, the fourteenth day
of the month.
2. Making or constituting one of fourteen equal
parts into which anything may be derived.
Four"teenth`, n. 1. One of
fourteen equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the
quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next after the
thirteenth.
2. (Mus.) The octave of the
seventh.
Fourth (?), a. [OE.
fourthe, ferthe, feorthe, AS.
fe\'a2r, fr. fe\'a2wer four.]
1. Next in order after the third; the ordinal of
four.
2. Forming one of four equal parts into which
anything may be divided.
Fourth, n. 1. One of four equal
parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit
divided by four; one coming next in order after the third.
2. (Mus.) The interval of two tones and
a semitone, embracing four diatonic degrees of the scale; the
subdominant of any key.
The Fourth, specifically, un the United
States, the fourth day of July, the anniversary of the
declaration of American independence; as, to celebrate the
Fourth.
Fourth"ly, adv. In the fourth
place.
Four"-way` (?), a. Allowing
passage in either of four directions; as, a four-way
cock, or valve.
Francis.
Four-way cock, a cock connected with four
pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by
which the adjacent pipes or ports may be made to communicate;
formerly used as a valve in the steam engine, and now for various
other purposes. In the illustration, a leads to the
upper end of a steam engine cylinder, and b to the
lower end; c is the steam pipe, and d the
exhaust pipe.
<-- p. 591 -->
Four"-wheeled` (?), a. Having
four wheels.
Four"-wheel`er (?), n. A
vehicle having four wheels. [Colloq.]
\'d8Fous"sa (?), n. [Natibe
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A viverrine animal of
Madagascar (Cryptoprocta ferox). It resembles a cat in
size and form, and has retractile claws.
Fou"ter (?), n. [F.
foutre to lecher, L. futuere. Cf.
Fouty.] A despicable fellow.
[Prov. Eng.]
Brockett.
Fou"tra (?), n. [See
Fouter.] A fig; -- a word of contempt.
[Obs.]
A foutra for the world and wordlings base!
Shak.
Fou"ty (?), a. [Cf. F.
foutu, p.p. of foutre; OF. foutu
scoundrel. See Fouter.] Despicable.
[Obs.]
\'d8Fo"ve*a (?), n.; pl.
Fove\'91 (#). [L., a small
pit.] A slight depression or pit; a fossa.
Fo"ve*ate (?), a. [L.
fovea a pit.] Having pits or depressions;
pitted.
\'d8Fo*ve"o*la (?), n.; pl.
Foveol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L.
fovea.] A small depression or pit; a
fovea.
Fo"ve*o*late (? , a.
Having small pits or depression, as the receptacle in some
composite flowers.
Fo"ve*o*la`ted (?), a.
Foveolate.
Fo*vil"la (?), n.; pl.
Fovill\'91 (#). [Dim. fr. L.
fovere to cherish.] (Bot.) One
of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen
grain.
Fowl (?), n. Instead of
the pl. Fowls the singular is often used
collectively. [OE. foul,
fowel, foghel, fuhel,
fugel, AS. fugol; akin to OS.
fugal D. & G. vogel, OHG. fogal,
Icel. & Dan. fugl, Sw. fogel,
f\'86gel, Goth. fugls; of unknown origin,
possibly by loss of l, from the root of E.
fly, or akin to E. fox, as being a tailed
animal.] 1. Any bird; esp., any large edible
bird.
Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the
fowl of the air.
Gen. i. 26.
Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not.
Matt. vi. 26.
Like a flight of fowl
Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts.
Shak.
2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen,
turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic
cock or hen (Gallus domesticus).
Barndoor fowl, Barnyard
fowl, a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the
common domestic cock or hen.
Fowl, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fowling.] To catch or kill wild fowl,
for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc.
Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or
fowl.
Blackstone.
Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore,
adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small
quadrupeds.
Fowl"er (?), n. A sportsman who
pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.
Fow"ler*ite (?), n. [From Dr.
Samuel Fowler.] (Min.) A variety
of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some
zinc.
Fow"ler's so*lu"tion (?). An /quenous
solution of arsenite of potassium, of such strength that one
hundred parts represent one part of arsenious acid, or white
arsenic; -- named from Fowler, an English physician
who first brought it into use.
Fox (?), n.; pl.
Foxes (#). [AS. fox;
akin to D. vos, G. fuchs, OHG.
fuhs, foha, Goth. fa\'a3h/,
Icel. f/a fox, fox fraud; of unknown
origin, cf. Skr. puccha tail. Cf.
Vixen.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
carnivorous animal of the genus Vulpes, family
Canid\'91, of many species. The European fox (V.
vulgaris or V. vulpes), the American red fox
(V. fulvus), the American gray fox (V.
Virginianus), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (V.
lagopus) are well-known species.
black or silver-gray fox
is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great
value; the cross-gray and woods-gray foxes
are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The
common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are
celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds,
poultry, and various small animals.
Subtle as the fox for prey.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The European
dragonet.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The fox shark or thrasher
shark; -- called also sea fox. See
Thrasher shark, under Shark.
4. A sly, cunning fellow.
[Colloq.]
We call a crafty and cruel man a fox.
Beattie.
5. (Naut.) Rope yarn twisted together,
and rubbed with tar; -- used for seizings or mats.
6. A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a
fox on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a
fox. [Obs.]
Thou diest on point of fox.
Shak.
7. pl. (Enthnol.) A tribe
of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region
about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also
Outagamies.
Fox and geese. (a) A boy's game, in
which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to
another. (b) A game with sixteen checkers, or
some substitute for them, one of which is called the
fox, and the rest the geese; the
fox, whose first position is in the middle of the
board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the
geese to pen up the fox. -- Fox bat
(Zo\'94l.), a large fruit bat of the genus
Pteropus, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa,
and the East Indies, esp. P. medius of India. Some of
the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings.
See Fruit bat. -- Fox bolt, a bolt
having a split end to receive a fox wedge. -- Fox
brush (Zo\'94l.), the tail of a fox. --
Fox evil, a disease in which the hair falls off;
alopecy. -- Fox grape (Bot.), the
name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape
(Vitis Labrusca) is the origin of the varieties called
Isabella, Concord, Hartford, etc.,
and the southern fox grape (Vitis vulpina) has
produced the Scuppernong, and probably the
Catawba. -- Fox hunter. (a)
One who pursues foxes with hounds. (b) A
horse ridden in a fox chase. -- Fox shark
(Zo\'94l.), the thrasher shark. See Thrasher
shark, under Thrasher. -- Fox
sleep, pretended sleep. -- Fox sparrow
(Zo\'94l.), a large American sparrow
(Passerella iliaca); -- so called on account of its
reddish color. -- Fox squirrel
(Zo\'94l.), a large North American squirrel
(Sciurus niger, or S. cinereus). In the
Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the
fulvous and gray variety, called the cat squirrel, is
more common. -- Fox terrier
(Zo\'94l.), one of a peculiar breed of terriers,
used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other
purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties. --
Fox trot, a pace like that which is adopted for a
few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a
trot into a walk. -- Fox wedge (Mach. &
Carpentry), a wedge for expanding the split end of a
bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in
a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the
bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it.
Fastening by fox wedges is called foxtail wedging.
-- Fox wolf (Zo\'94l.), one of several
South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus
Canis. They have long, bushy tails like a
fox.
Fox (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Foxed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Foxing.] [See Fox,
n., cf. Icel. fox imposture.]
1. To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.
I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost
foxed.
Pepys.
2. To make sour, as beer, by causing it to
ferment.
3. To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new
front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.
Fox, v. i. To turn sour; -- said of
beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.
Fox"earth` (?), n. A hole in
the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.
Fra"cas (?; F. /; 277), n.
[F., crash, din, tumult, It. fracasso, fr.
fracassare to break in pieces, perh. fr.
fra within, among (L. infra) +
cassare to annul, cashier. Cf. Cashier,
v. t.] An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a
disturbance; a brawl.
Fracho (?), n. A shallow iron
pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.
Frac"id (?), a. [L.
fracidus mellow, soft.] Rotten from being
too ripe; overripe. [Obs.]
Blount.
Fract (?), v. t. [L.
fractus, p.p. of frangere to break.]
To break; to violate. [Obs.]
Shak.
Frac"ted, a. (Her.) Having a
part displaced, as if broken; -- said of an ordinary.
Macaulay.
Foxed (?), a. 1.
Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of the
paper of books or engravings.
2. Repaired by foxing; as, foxed
boots.
Fox"e*ry (?), n. Behavior like
that of a fox; /unning. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fox"es (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) See Fox, n.,
7.
Fox"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The fox shark; -- called
also sea fox. See Thrasher shark,
under Shark. (b) The european
dragonet. See Dragonet.
Fox"glove` (?), n.
[AS. foxes-gl/fa,
foxes-clife.] (Bot.) Any plant
of the genus Digitalis. The common English foxglove
(Digitalis purpurea) is a handsome perennial or
biennial plant, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine,
both as a sedative and diuretic. See Digitalis.
Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run
To pluck the speckled foxgloves from their stem.
W. Browne.
Fox"hound` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of a special breed of hounds used
for chasing foxes.
Fox"-hunt`ing (?), a.
Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of
hunting foxes.
Fox"i*neess (?), n. 1.
The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness;
shrewdness.
2. The state of being foxed or discolored, as
books; decay; deterioration.
3. A coarse and sour taste in grapes.
Fox"ish, a. Foxlike.
[Obs.]
Fox"like` (?), a. Resembling a
fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning; artful; foxy.
Fox"ly, a. Foxlike.
[Obs.] \'bdFoxly craft.\'b8
Latimer.
Fox"ship, n. Foxiness; craftiness.
[R.]
Shak.
Fox"tail` (?), n. 1.
The tail or brush of a fox.
2. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of
grass having a soft dense head of flowers, mostly the species of
Alopecurus and Setaria.
3. (Metal.) The last cinders obtained in
the fining process.
Raymond.
Foxtail saw, a dovetail saw. --
Foxtail wedging. See Fox wedge, under
Fox.
Fox"y (?), a. 1. Like
or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks;
wily.
Modred's narrow, foxy face.
Tennyson.
2. Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or
reddish brown color; -- applied sometimes to paintings when they
have too much of this color.
3. Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong
smeelling.
4. Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine,
beer, etc., not properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have
the coarse flavor of the fox grape.
Foy (?), n. [F. foi,
old spelling foy, faith. See Faith.]
1. Faith; allegiance; fealty.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A feast given by one about to leave a
place. [Obs.]
He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his
foy, he being to set sail to-day.
Pepys.
\'d8Foy`er" (?), n. [F., fr.
LL. focarium fireplace. See Focus,
n.] 1. A lobby in a theater; a
greenroom.
2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which
receives the molten metal.
Knight.
Foy"son (?), n. [Obs.]
See Foison.
Fo"zi*ness (?), n. The state of
being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness. [Scot.]
[The Whigs'] foziness can no longer be
concealed.
Blackwood's.
Fo"zy (?), a. Spongy; soft; fat
and puffy. [Scot.]
Fra (?), adv. & prep.
[OE.] Fro. [Old Eng. & Scot.]
Fra (?), n. [It., for
frate. See Friar.] Brother; -- a
title of a monk of friar; as, Fra Angelo.
Longfellow.
Frab (?), v. i. & t. To scold;
to nag. [Prov. Eng.]
Frab"bit (?), a. Crabbed;
peevish. [Prov. Eng.]
Frac"tion (?), n. [F.
fraction, L. fractio a breaking, fr.
frangere, fractum, to break. See
Break.] 1. The act of breaking, or
state of being broken, especially by violence.
[Obs.]
Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any
fraction or breaking up.
Foxe.
2. A portion; a fragment.
Some niggard fractions of an hour.
Tennyson.
3. (Arith. or Alg.) One or more aliquot
parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite
portion of a unit or magnitude.
Common, ,
fraction, a fraction in which the number of
equal parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is
indicated by figures or letters, called the
denominator, written below a line, over which is the
numerator, indicating the number of these parts
included in the fraction; as -- Complex fraction, a fraction
having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or
denominator, or in both. Davies & Peck. --
Compound fraction, a fraction of a fraction; two
or more fractions connected by of. --
Continued fraction, Decimal fraction,
Partial fraction, etc. See under
Continued, Decimal, Partial, etc.
-- Improper fraction, a fraction in which the
numerator is greater than the denominator. -- Proper
fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is less
than the denominator.
Frac"tion, v. t. (Chem.) To
separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation
or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with
out; as, to fraction out a certain grade
of oil from pretroleum.
Frac"tion*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a
fraction; as, fractional numbers.
2. Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant;
as, a fractional part of the population.
Fractional crystallization (Chem.),
a process of gradual and approximate purification and
separation, by means of repeated solution and crystallization
therefrom. -- Fractional currency, small
coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the
monetary unit. -- Fractional distillation
(Chem.), a process of distillation so conducted
that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other
in their boiling points, can be separated into its
constituents.
Frac"tion*al*ly, adv. By fractions or
separate portions; as, to distill a liquid
fractionally, that is, so as to separate different
portions.
Frac"tion*a*ry (?), a.
Fractional. [Obs.]
Frac"tion*ate (?), v. t. To
separate into different portions or fractions, as in the
distillation of liquids.
Frac"tious (?), a. [Cf. Prov.
E. frack forward, eager, E. freak,
fridge; or Prov. E. fratch to squabble,
quarrel.] Apt to break out into a passion; apt to
scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; as, a
fractious man; a fractious horse.
Syn. -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable;
perverse; pettish.
-- Frac"tious*ly, v. --
Frac"tious*ness, n.
Frac"tur*al (?; 135), a.
Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture.
[R.]
Frac"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
fractura, fr. frangere, fractum,
to break: cf. F. fracture. See
Fraction.] 1. The act of breaking or
snapping asunder; rupture; breach.
2. (Surg.) The breaking of a bone.
3. (Min.) The texture of a freshly
broken surface; as, a compact fracture; an even,
hackly, or conchoidal fracture.
Comminuted fracture (Surg.), a
fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts. --
Complicated fracture (Surg.), a
fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery,
nervous trunk, or joint. -- Compound fracture
(Surg.), a fracture in which there is an open
wound from the surface down to the fracture. -- Simple
fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the
bone only is ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface
by an open wound.
Syn. -- Fracture, Rupture.
These words denote different kinds of breaking,
according to the objects to which they are applied.
Fracture is applied to hard substances; as, the
fracture of a bone. Rupture is oftener
applied to soft substances; as, the rupture of a blood
vessel. It is also used figuratively. \'bdTo be an enemy and once
to have been a friend, does it not embitter the
rupture?\'b8
South.
<-- p. 592 -->
Frac"ture (?; 135), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fractured (#;
135); p. pr. & vb. n..
Fracturing.] [Cf. F.
fracturer.] To cause a fracture or
fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate
the continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to
fracture the skull.
\'d8Fr\'91n"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Fr\'91nula (#). [NL., dim. of L.
fraenum a bridle.] (Anat.) A
fr\'91num.
{ Fr\'91"num (?), Fre"num
}, n.; pl. E. Fr\'91nums
(#), L. Fr\'91na (#).
[L., a bridle.] (Anat.) A connecting
fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; as,
the fr\'91num of the tongue.
Frag"ile (?), a. [L.
fragilis, from frangere to break; cf. F.
fragile. See Break, v. t., and cf.
Frail, a.] Easily broken; brittle;
frail; delicate; easily destroyed.
The state of ivy is tough, and not fragile.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible;
slight.
-- Frag"ile*ly, adv.
Fra*gil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
fragilitas: cf. F. fragilit\'82. Cf.
Frailty.] 1. The condition or
quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.
Bacon.
2. Weakness; feebleness.
An appearance of delicacy, and even of fragility,
is almost essential to it [beauty].
Burke.
3. Liability to error and sin; frailty.
[Obs.]
The fragility and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius.
Holland.
Frag"ment (?), n. [L.
fragmentum, fr. frangere to break: cf. F.
fragment. See Break, v. t.]
A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect
part; as, a fragment of an ancient
writing.
Gather up the fragments that remain.
John vi. 12.
Frag*men"tak (?), a. 1.
Fragmentary.
2. (Geol.) Consisting of the pulverized
or fragmentary material of rock, as conglomerate, shale,
etc.
Frag*men"tal, n. (Geol.) A
fragmentary rock.
Frag"men*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In
a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.
Frag"men*ta*ri*ness, n. The quality or
property of being in fragnebts, or broken pieces, incompleteness;
want of continuity.
G. Eliot.
Frag"men*ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
fragmentaire.] 1. Composed of
fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or
entire.
Donne.
2. (Geol.) Composed of the fragments of
other rocks.
Frag"ment*ed (?), a. Broken
into fragments.
Frag"ment*ist, n. A writer of fragments;
as, the fragmentist of Wolfenb\'81ttel.
[R.]
\'d8Fra"gor (/), n. [L., a
breaking to pieces, fr. frangere to break.]
1. A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything
bursting; a crash.
I. Watts.
2. [Due to confusion with
fragrant.] A strong or sweet scent.
[Obs. & Illegitimate.]
Sir T. Herbert.
{ Fra"grance (?), Fra"gran*cy
(?) }, n. [L.
fragrantia: cf. OF. fragrance.]
The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet
smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.
Eve separate he spies,
Veiled in a cloud of fragrance.
Milton.
The goblet crowned,
Breathed aromatic fragrancies around.
Pope.
Fra"grant (?), a. [??/L.
fragrans. -antis, p.pr. of
fragrare to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF.
fragrant. Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably;
sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable
perfume.
Fragrant the fertile earth
After soft showers.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented;
redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic. --
Fra"grant*ly,
adv.
Fraight (?), a. Same as
Fraught. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Frail (?), n. [OE.
fraiel, fraile, OF. fraiel,
freel, frael, fr. LL.
fraellum.] A basket made of rushes, used
chiefly for containing figs and raisins.
2. The quantity of raisins -- about thirty-two,
fifty-six, or seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.
3. A rush for weaving baskets.
Johnson.
Frail, a. [Compar.
Frailer (?); superl.
Frailest.] [OE. frele,
freile, OF. fraile, frele, F.
fr\'88le, fr. L. fragilis. See
Fragile.] 1. Easily broken; fragile;
not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily destroyed;
not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.
That I may know how frail I am.
Ps. xxxix. 4.
An old bent man, worn and frail.
Lowell.
2. Tender. [Obs.]
Deep indignation and compassion.
Spenser.
3. Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin;
not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; also,
unchaste; -- often applied to fallen women.
Man is frail, and prone to evil.
Jer. Taylor.
Frail"ly, adv. Weakly; infirmly.
Frail"ness, n. Frailty.
Frail"ty (?), n.; pl.
Frailties (#). [OE.
frelete, freilte, OF.
frailet\'82, fr. L. fragilitas. See
Frail, a., and cf. Fragility.]
1. The condition quality of being frail,
physically, mentally, or morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness
of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced.
God knows our frailty, [and] pities our
weakness.
Locke.
2. A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of
infirmity.
Syn. -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.
\'d8Frai"scheur (?), n. [OF.; F
fraicheur, fr. frais, fem.
fra/che, fresh; of German origin. See
Frash, a.] Freshness;
coolness. [R.]
Dryden.
Fraise (?), n. [See
Froise.] A large and thick pancake, with
slices of bacon in it. [Obs.]
Johnson.
\'d8Fraise (?), n. [F.
fraise, orig., a ruff, cf. F. frise frieze,
E. frieze a coarse stuff.] 1.
(Fort.) A defense consisting of pointed stakes
driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined
position.
2. (Mech.) A fluted reamer for enlarging
holes in stone; a small milling cutter.
Fraise, v. t. (Mil.) To
protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry, by
opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward.
Wilhelm.
Fraised (?), a. Fortified with
a fraise.
Frak"en (?), n. A
freckle. [Obs.]
A few fraknes in his face.
Chaucer.
Fram"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being framed.
\'d8Fram*b\'91"si*a (?), n. [F.
& NL., fr. F. framboise raspberry.]
(Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.
Frame (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Framed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Framing.]
[OE. framen, fremen, to execute,
build, AS. fremman to further, perform, effect, fr.
fram strong, valiant; akin to E. foremost,
and prob. to AS. fram from, Icel. fremja,
frama, to further, framr forward, G.
fromm worthy, excellent, pious. See Foremost,
From, and cf. Furnish.] 1.
(Arch. & Engin.) To construct by fitting and
uniting the several parts of the skeleton of any structure;
specifically, in woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of
one member to fit parts of another. See Dovetail,
Halve, v. t., Miter, Tenon,
Tooth, Tusk, Scarf, and
Splice.
2. To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive;
to compose; in a bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something
false.
How many excellent reasonings are framed in the
mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years.
I. Watts.
3. To fit to something else, or for some specific
end; to adjust; to regulate; to shape; to conform.
And frame my face to all occasions.
Shak.
We may in some measure frame our minds for the
reception of happiness.
Landor.
The human mind is framed to be influenced.
I. Taylor.
4. To cause; to bring about; to produce.
[Obs.]
Fear frames disorder, and disorder wounds.
Shak.
5. To support. [Obs. & R.]
That on a staff his feeble steps did frame.
Spenser.
6. To provide with a frame, as a picture.
Frame, v. i. 1. To shape; to
arrange, as the organs of speech. [Obs.]
Judg. xii. 6.
2. To proceed; to go. [Obs.]
The bauty of this sinful dame
Made many princes thither frame.
Shak.
Frame, n. 1. Anything composed
of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a structure; esp.,
the constructional system, whether of timber or metal, that gives
to a building, vessel, etc., its model and strength; the skeleton
of a structure.
These are thy glorius works, Parent of good,
Almighty! thine this universal frame.
Milton.
2. The bodily structure; physical constitution;
make or build of a person.
Some bloody passion shakes your very frame.
Shak.
No frames could be strong enough to endure it.
Prescott.
3. A kind of open case or structure made for
admitting, inclosing, or supporting things, as that which
incloses or contains a window, door, picture, etc.; that on which
anything is held or stretched; as: (a) The
skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a
locomotive upon its wheels. (b)
(Founding) A molding box or flask, which being
filled with sand serves as a mold for castings.
(c) The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other
structure with a fabric covering. (d) A
structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth, etc.,
is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc. (e)
(Hort.) A glazed portable structure for
protecting young plants from frost. (f)
(Print.) A stand to support the type cases for
use by the compositor.
4. (Mach.) A term applied, especially in
England, to certain machines built upon or within framework;
as, a stocking frame; lace frame; spinning
frame, etc.
5. Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure;
constitution; system; as, a frameof
government.
She that hath a heart of that fine frame
To pay this debt of love but to a brother.
Shak.
Put your discourse into some frame.
Shak.
6. Particular state or disposition, as of the mind;
humor; temper; mood; as, to be always in a happy
frame.
7. Contrivance; the act of devising or
scheming. [Obs.]
John the bastard
Whose spirits toil in frame of villainies.
Shak.
Balloon frame, Cant
frames, etc. See under Balloon,
Cant, etc. -- Frame building
, a building of which the form and support is
made of framed timbers. [U.S.] -- Frame
level, a mason's level. -- Frame
saw, a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it
rigidity.
Fram"er (?), n. One who frames;
as, the framer of a building; the framers
of the Constitution.
Frame"work` (?), n. 1.
The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or
constructional part of anything; as, the framework
of society.
A staunch and solid piece of framework.
Milton.
2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or
loom.
Fram"ing, n. 1. The act,
process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing
anything; a frame; that which frames.
2. (Arch. & Engin.) A framework, or a
sy/ of frames.
Framing chisel (Carp.), a heavy
chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.
{ Fram"pel (?), Fram"poid
(?) }, a. [Also written
frampul, frampled,
framfold.] [Cf. W. fframfol
passionate, ffrom angry, fretting; or perh. akin to E.
frump.] Peevish; cross; vexatious;
quarrelsome. [Obs.]
Shak.
Is Pompey grown so malapert, so frampel?
Beau. & Fl.
Franc (?), n. [F., fr.
franc a Franc. See Frank,
a.] A silver coin of France, and since 1795
the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by
Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents,
or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.
Fran"chise (? , n.
[F., fr. franc, fem. franche, free.
See Frank, a.] 1.
Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom;
liberty. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (LAw) A particular privilege
conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested
in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary
jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege,
esp. the right to vote.
Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the
Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the
American people.
W. H. Seward.
3. The district or jurisdiction to which a
particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence,
an asylum or sanctuary.
Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises
for criminals.
London Encyc.
4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness;
nobility. \'bdFranchise in woman.\'b8
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Elective franchise, the privilege or right of
voting in an election of public officers.
Fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Franchised (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Franchising.] [Cf. OF.
franchir to free, F., to cross.] To make
free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to.
Shak.
Fran"chise*ment (?), n. [Cf.
OF. franchissement.] Release; deliverance;
freedom.
Spenser.
Fran"cic (?), a. [See
Frank, a.] Pertaining to the
Franks, or their language; Frankish.
Fran*cis"can (?), a. [LL.
Franciscus Francis: cf. F.
franciscain.] (R. C. Ch.)
Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the
Franciscans.
Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote
themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and
other educational institutions; -- called also Brothers
of the Third Order of St. Francis. --
Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of t.
Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called
also Poor Clares or
Minoresses. -- Franciscan
Tertiaries, the Third Order of St. Francis.
Fran*cis"can, n. (R.C.Ch.) A
monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous
order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of
Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and
in England, Gray Friars, because they wear a
gray habit.
Fran"co*lin (?), n. [F.; cf.
It. francolino, Sp. francolin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A spurred partidge of the genus
Francolinus and allied genera, of Asia and Africa. The
common species (F. vulgaris) was formerly common in
southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.
Fran"co*lite (?), n.
(Min.) A variety of apatite from Wheal
Franco in Devonshire.
Fran"gent (?), a. [L.
frangens, p.pr. of frangere. See
Fraction.] Causing fracture; breaking.
[R.]
H. Walpole.
Fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. frangibilit\'82.] The state or quality
of being frangible.
Fox.
Fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
frangible.] Capable of being broken;
brittle; fragile; easily broken.
\'d8Fran"gi*pane (?), n. [F.
frangipane; supposed to be called so from the
inventor, the Marquis Frangipani, major general under
Louis XIV.] 1. A perfume of jasmine;
frangipani.
2. A species of pastry, containing cream and
almonds.
{ Fran`gi*pan"i (?),
Fran`gi*pan"ni (?) }, n.
[Another spelling of frangipane.] A
perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of the
red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus
Plumeria.
{ Fran*gu"lic (?), Fran`gu*lin"ic
(?) }, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species
(Rhamnus Frangula) of the buckthorn.
Frangulinic acid (Chem.), a yellow
crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the
decomposition of frangulin.
Fran"gu*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded
as a glucoside, extracted from a species (Rhamnus
Frangula) of the buckthorn; -- called also
rhamnoxanthin.
Fran"ion (?), n. [Perh. from F.
fain\'82ant an idler.] A paramour; a loose
woman; also, a gay, idle fellow. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Frank (?), n. [OF.
franc.] A pigsty. [Obs.]
Frank, v. t. To shut up in a frank or
sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Frank, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov.
Eng.]
<-- p. 593 -->
Frank (?), a.
[Compar Franker (?);
superl. Frankest.] [F.
franc free, frank, L. Francus a Frank, fr.
OHG. Franko the name of a Germanic people on the
Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS.
franca javelin, Icel. frakka. Cf.
Franc, French, a.,
Franchise, n.] 1.
Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free.
[R.] \'bdIt is of frank gift.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not
reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a
frank nature, conversation, manner, etc.
3. Liberal; generous; profuse.
[Obs.]
Frank of civilities that cost them nothing.
L'Estrange.
4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a
bad sense.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved;
undisguised; sincere. See Candid,
Ingenuous.
Frank (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Franked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Franking.] 1. To send by
public conveyance free of expense.
Dickens.
2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter,
package, or packet, etc.
Frank, n. [See Frank,
a.] The privilege of sending letters or
other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the
sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail
matter is to free of postage.
<-- = franking privelege -->
I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I
must burn my letter and begin again.
Cowper.
Frank, n. [Cf. F. franc. See
Frank, a.] 1.
(Ethnol.) A member of one of the German tribes
that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and
established the kingdom of France.
2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a
European; -- a term used in the Levant.
3. A French coin. See Franc.
Frank`al*moigne" (?), n. [F.
franc free + Norm. F. almoigne alma, for
almosne, F. aum\'93ne. See Frank,
a., and Almoner.] (Eng. Law)
A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given
to them and their successors forever, usually on condition of
praying for the soul of the donor and his heirs; -- called also
tenure by free alms.
Burrill.
Frank"-chase` (?), n.
[Frank free + chase.] (Eng.
Law) The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free
chase.
Burrill.
Frank"-fee` (?), n.
[Frank free + fee.] (Eng.
Law) A species of tenure in fee simple, being the
opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold.
Burrill.
Frank"fort black` (?). A black pigment
used in copperplate printing, prepared by burning vine twigs, the
lees of wine, etc.
McElrath.
Frank"in*cense (?), n. [OF.
franc free, pure + encens incense.]
A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an
incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best
kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus
Boswellia; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce
(Abies excelsa) and other coniferous trees. The
frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.
Frank"ing (?), n. (Carp.)
A method of forming a joint at the intersection of
window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a
miter.
Frank"ish, a. Like, or pertaining to,
the Franks.
Frank"-law` (?), n.
[Frank free + law.] (Eng.
Law) The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror
or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and
common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially
the same as the American expression civil
rights.
Abbot.
Frank"lin (?), n. [OE.
frankelein; cf. LL. franchilanus. See
Frank, a.] An English freeholder,
or substantial householder. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
The franklin, a small landholder of those days.
Sir J. Stephen.
Frank*lin"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Benjamin Franklin.
Franklinic electricity, electricity produced
by friction; called also statical
electricity.
Frank"lin*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A kind of mineral of the spinel
group.
Frank"lin stove` (?). A kind of open stove
introduced by Benjamin Franklin, the peculiar feature
of which was that a current of heated air was directly supplied
to the room from an air box; -- now applied to other varieties of
open stoves.
Frank"ly, adv. In a frank manner;
freely.
Very frankly he confessed his treasons.
Shak.
Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly;
undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily;
unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.
Frank"-mar"riage (?), n.
[Frank free + marriage.]
(Eng. Law) A certain tenure in tail special; an
estate of inheritance given to a man his wife (the wife being of
the blood of the donor), and descendible to the heirs of their
two bodies begotten. [Obs.]
Blackstone.
Frank"ness, n. The quality of being
frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness;
liberality.
Frank"pledge` (?), n.
[Frank free + pledge.] (O.
Eng. Law) (a) A pledge or surety for the good
behavior of freemen, -- each freeman who was a member of an
ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being a
pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation
of the public peace; a free surety. (b) The
tithing itself.
Bouvier.
The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in
frankpledge for each other.
Macaulay.
Fran"tic (?), a. [OE.
frentik, frenetik, F. frentique,
L. phreneticus, from Gr. /. See Frenzy, and
cf. Frenetic, Phrenetic.] Mad;
raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.
Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed!
Shak.
Torrents of frantic abuse.
Macaulay.
-- Fran"tic*al*ly (#),
adv. -- Fran"tic*ly (#),
adv.
Shak.
-- Fran"tic*ness, n.
Johnson.
Frap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frapped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frapping.] [Cf. F. frapper
to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. Affrap.]
1. (Naut.) To draw together; to bind
with a view to secure and strengthen, as a vessel by passing
cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing the lines
together.
Tottem.
2. To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a
drum.
Knoght.
Frape (?), n. [Cf.
frap, and Prov. E. frape to scold.]
A crowd, a rabble. [Obs.]
ares.
Frap"ler (?), n. A blusterer; a
rowdy. [Obs.]
Unpolished, a frapler, and base.
B. Jonson.
\'d8Fra"ter, n. [L., a brother.]
(Eccl.) A monk; also, a frater house.
[R.]
Shipley.
Frater house, an apartament in a convent used
as an eating room; a refectory; -- called also a
fratery.
Fra*ter"nal (?), a.[F.
fraternel, LL. fraternalis, fr. L.
fraternus, fr. frater brother. See
Brother.] Pf, pertaining to, or involving,
brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as,
fraternal affection; a fraternal
embrace. -- Fra*ter"nal*ly,
adv.
An abhorred, a cursed, a fraternal war.
Milton.
Fraternal love and friendship.
Addison.
Fra*ter"nate (?), v. i. To
fraternize; to hold fellowship.
Jefferson.
{ Fra`ter*na"tion (?),
Fra"ter*nism (?) }, n.
Fraternization. [R.]
Jefferson.
Fra*ter"ni*ty (?), n.; pl.
Fraternities (#). [F.
fraternit\'82, L. fraternitas.]
1. The state or quality of being fraternal or
brotherly; brotherhood.
2. A body of men associated for their common
interest, business, or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a
society; in the Roman Catholic Chucrch, an association for
special religious purposes, for relieving the sick and destitute,
etc.
3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation,
character, or tastes.
With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their
own fraternity!
South.
Fra`ter*ni*za"tion (? , n.
The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.
I hope that no French fraternization . . . could so
change the hearts of Englishmen.
Burke.
Fra"ter*nize (? , v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fraternized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.. Fraternizing
(#).] [Cf. F.
fraterniser.] To associate or hold
fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or
character; to have brotherly feelings.
Fra"ter*nize, v. t. To bring into
fellowship or brotherly sympathy.
Correspondence for fraternizing the two
nations.
Burke.
Frat"er*ni`zer (?; 277), n. One
who fraternizes.
Burke.
Fra"ter*y (? , n. [L.
frater brother: cf. It. frateria a
brotherhood of monks. See Friar.] A frater
house. See under Frater.
<-- Frat house. Short for fraternity house, a building owned by
a college fraternity in which members may live. -->
Fra"trage (? , n.
[L. frater a brother.] (Law)
A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin.
[Obs.]
Crabb.
\'d8Fra`tri*cel"li (?), n. pl.
[It. fraticelli, lit., little brothers, dim. fr.
frate brother, L. frater.]
(Eccl. Hist.) (a) The name which St.
Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th
century. (b) A sect which seceded from the
Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy and Sicily, in 1294,
repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining the duty of
celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called also
Fratricellians and
Fraticelli.
Frat"ri*ci`dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.
Frat"ri*cide (?), n. [L.
fratricidium a brother's murder, fr.
fratricida a brother's murderer; frater,
fratris, brother + caedere to kill: cf. F.
fratricide.] 1. The act of one who
murders or kills his own brother.
2. [L. fratricida: cf. F.
fratricide.] One who murders or kills his
own brother.
Fraud (?), n. [F.
fraude, L. fraus, fraudis; prob.
akin to Skr. dh/rv to injure, dhv/ to
cause to fall, and E. dull.] 1.
Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an
unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or
interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit;
trick.
If success a lover's toil attends,
Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends.
Pope.
2. (Law) An intentional perversion of
truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise
from another.
3. A trap or snare. [Obs.]
To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud.
Milton.
Constructive fraud (Law), an act,
statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although
perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley & W. --
Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud
contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some
good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means.
-- Statute of frauds (Law), an English
statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the
legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing
with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is
required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of
property.
Wharton.
Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife;
circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See
Deception.
Fraud"ful (?), a. Full of
fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent;
-- applied to persons or things.
I. Taylor.
-- Fraud"ful*ly, adv.
Fraud"less, a. Free from fraud. --
Fraud"less*ly, adv. --
Fraud"less*ness, n.
{ Fraud"u*lence (?; 135),
Fraud"u*len*cy (?) }, n.
[L. fraudulentia.] The quality of
being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness.
Hooker.
Fraud"u*lent (?), a. [L.
fraudulentus, fr. fraus,
fraudis, frand: cf. F. fraudulent.]
1. Using fraud; trickly; deceitful;
dishonest.
2. Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding
from, fraund; as, a fraudulent bargain.
He, with serpent tongue, . . .
His fraudulent temptation thus began.
Milton.
3. Obtained or performed by artifice; as,
fraudulent conquest.
Milton.
Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily;
cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious;
treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.
Frau"u*lent*ly (?), adv. In a
fraudulent manner.
Fraught (?), n.
[OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan.
fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G.
fracht, cf. OHG. fr/ht merit, reward;
perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E.
own. Cf. Freight.] A freight; a
cargo. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fraught, a. Freighted; laden; filled;
stored; charged.
A vessel of our country richly fraught.
Shak.
A discourse fraught with all the commending
excellences o/speech.
South.
Enterprises fraught with world-wide benefits.
I. Taylor.
Fraught, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fraughted or Fraught; p. pr. &
vb. n. Fraughting.] [Akin to Dan.
fragte, Sw. frakta, D.
bevrachten, G. frachten, cf. OHG.
fr to deserve. See Fraught,
n.] To freight; to load; to burden; to
fill; to crowd. [Obs.]
Upon the tumbling billows fraughted ride
The armed ships.
Fairfax.
Fraught"age (?; 48), n.
Freight; loading; cargo. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fraught"ing, a. Constituting the freight
or cargo. [Obs.] \'bdThe fraughting
souls within her.\'b8
Shak.
Fraun"ho*fer lines` (?). (Physics.)
The lines of the spectrun; especially and properly, the dark
lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately
observed and interpreted by Fraunhofer, a German
physicist.
Frax"in (?), n. [From
Fraxinus.] (Chem.) A colorless
crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the
bark of the ash (Fraxinus) and along with esculin in
the bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence
in alkaline solutions; -- called also
paviin.
\'d8Frax"i*nus (?), n. [L., the
ash tree.] (Bot.) A genus of deciduous
forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including
the true ash trees.
Fraxinus excelsior is the European ash;
F. Americana, the white ash; F.
sambucifolia, the black ash or water ash.
Fray (?), n. [Abbreviated from
affray.] Affray; broil; contest;
combat.
Who began this bloody fray?
Shak.
Fray, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Frayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fraying.] [See 1st Fray, and
cf. Affray.] To frighten; to terrify; to
alarm.
I. Taylor.
What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me
affrayed?
Spenser.
Fray, v. t. [Cf. OF. fraier.
See Defray, v. t.] To bear the
expense of; to defray. [Obs.]
The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients
frayed, I shall acknowledge myself amply
satisfied.
Massinger.
Fray, v. t. [OF. freier,
fraier, froier, to rub. L.
fricare; cf. friare to crumble, E.
friable; perh. akin to Gr. / to anoint, / an
anointing, Skr. gh/sh to rub, scratch. Cf.
Friction.] To rub; to wear off, or wear into
shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is said to
fray her head.
Fray, v. i. 1. To rub.
We can show the marks he made
When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury
by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear
off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the
cloth frays badly.
A suit of frayed magnificience.
tennyson.
Fray, n. A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a
place injured by rubbing.
Fray"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
skin which a deer frays from his horns.
B. Jonson.
Freak (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Freaked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freaking.] [Akin to OE.
frakin, freken, freckle, Icel.
freknur, pl., Sw. fr\'84kne, Dan.
fregne, Gr. / dark-colored, Skr.
p variegated. Cf. Freckle,
Freck.] To variegate; to checker; to
streak. [R.]
Freaked with many a mingled hue.
Thomson.
Freak, n. [Prob. from OE.
frek bold, AS. frec bold, greedly; akin to
OHG. freh greedly, G. frech insolent, Icel.
frekr greedly, Goth. fa\'a1hufriks
avaricious.] A sudden causeless change or turn of the
mind; a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or
caprice.
She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a
freak will instantly change her habitation.
Spectator.
Syn. -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See
Whim.
Freak"ing, a. Freakish.
[Obs.]
Pepys.
Freak"ish, a. Apt to change the mind
suddenly; whimsical; capricious.
It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the
more freakish of the two.
L'Estrange.
Freakish when well, and fretful when she's
sick.
Pope.
-- Freak"ish*ly, adv. --
Freak"ish*ness, n.
Freck (?), v. t. [Cf.
Freak, v. t., Freckle.]
To checker; to diversify. [R. & Poet.]
The painted windows, frecking gloom with glow.
Lowell.
Freck"le (?), n. [Dim., from
the same root as freak, v. t.]
1. A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin,
particularly on the face, neck, or hands.
2. Any small spot or discoloration.
Frec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Freckled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Freckling (?).] To
spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to
spot.
<-- p. 594 -->
Frec"kle (?), v. i. To become
covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.
Frac"kled (?), a. Marked with
freckles; spotted. \'bdThe freckled trout.\'b8
Dryden.
The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover.
Shak.
Frec"kled*ness (?), n. The
state of being freckled.
Frec"kly (?), a. Full of or
marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.
Fred (?), n. [AS.
fri/ peace. See Frith inclosure.]
Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper
names; as, Alfred; Frederic.
Fred"stole` (?), n.
[Obs.] See Fridstol.
Fuller.
Free (?), a.
[Compar. Freer (?);
superl. Freest (?).]
[OE. fre, freo, AS.
fre\'a2, fr\'c6; akin to D.
vrij, OS. & OHG. fr\'c6, G.
frei, Icel. fr\'c6, Sw. & Dan.
fri, Goth. freis, and also to Skr.
prija beloved, dear, fr. pr\'c6 to love,
Goth. frij/n. Cf. Affray, Belfry,
Friday, Friend, Frith
inclosure.] 1. Exempt from subjection to the
will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able
to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations;
determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at
liberty.
That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is
that alone which is or is not free.
Locke.
2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government;
subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and
defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired
rights; enjoying political liberty.
3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from
the control of parents, guardian, or master.
4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from
arrest; liberated; at liberty to go.
Set an unhappy prisoner free.
Prior.
5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity;
capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; --
said of the will.
Not free, what proof could they have given sincere
Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love.
Milton.
6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless;
innocent.
My hands are guilty, but my heart is free.
Dryden.
7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust;
unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative.
He was free only with a few.
Milward.
8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; --
used in a bad sense.
The critics have been very free in their
censures.
Felton.
A man may live a free life as to wine or women.
Shelley.
9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed;
lavish; as, free with his money.
10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not
encumbered or troubled with; as, free from pain;
free from a burden; -- followed by from,
or, rarely, by of.
Princes declaring themselves free from the
obligations of their treaties.
Bp. Burnet.
11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint;
charming; easy.
12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or
whipping; spirited; as, a free horse.
13. Invested with a particular freedom or
franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to
special rights; -- followed by of.
He therefore makes all birds, of every sect,
Free of his farm.
Dryden.
14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be
enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed,
engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be
possessed or enjoyed; as, a free school.
Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free
For me as for you?
Shak.
15. Not gained by importunity or purchase;
gratuitous; spontaneous; as, free admission; a
free gift.
16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty;
defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or
class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government,
institutions, etc.
17. (O. Eng. Law) Certain or honorable;
the opposite of base; as, free service;
free socage.
Burrill.
18. (Law) Privileged or individual; the
opposite of common; as, a free fishery; a
free warren.
Burrill.
19. Not united or combined with anything else;
separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as,
free carbonic acid gas; free cells.
Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing
or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the
will. -- Free bench (Eng. Law), a
widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding
to dower in freeholds. -- Free board
(Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and
gunwale. -- Free bond (Chem.), an
unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence,
of an atom or radical. -- Free-borough men
(O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. --
Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not
subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded
by the king or by a subject specially authorized.
[Eng.] Bouvier. -- Free charge
(Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or
statical condition; free electricity. -- Free
church. (a) A church whose sittings are for
all and without charge. (b) An ecclesiastical
body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from
control by the government in spiritual matters. --
Free city, Free town,
a city or town independent in its government and franchises,
as formerly those of the Hanseatic league. -- Free
cost, freedom from charges or expenses.
South. -- Free and easy, unconventional;
unrestrained; regardless of formalities.
[Colloq.] \'bdSal and her free and easy
ways.\'b8 W. Black. -- Free goods, goods
admitted into a country free of duty. -- Free
labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that
of slaves. -- Free port. (Com.)
(a) A port where goods may be received and shipped
free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of
all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates
of duty. -- Free public house, in England, a
tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to
brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses.
Simmonds. -- Free school. (a) A
school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on
an equal footing. (b) A school supported by
general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing
for tuition; a public school. -- Free services
(O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not
unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform;
as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money,
etc. Burrill. -- Free ships, ships
of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture
even though carrying enemy's goods. -- Free
socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by
certain services which, though honorable, were not military.
Abbott. -- Free States, those of the
United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased
to exist, or had never existed. -- Free stuff
(Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff.
-- Free thought, that which is thought
independently of the authority of others. -- Free
trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff
regulations. -- Free trader, one who believes
in free trade. -- To make free with, to take
liberties with; to help one's self to.
[Colloq.] -- To sail free
(Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in as
sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the
wind.
Free (?), adv. 1.
Freely; willingly. [Obs.]
I as free forgive you
As I would be forgiven.
Shak.
2. Without charge; as, children admitted
free.
Free, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Freed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freeing.] [OE. freen,
freoien, AS. fre\'a2gan. See Free,
a.] 1. To make free; to set at
liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses,
oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed
by from, and sometimes by off; as, to
free a captive or a slave; to be freed of these
inconveniences.
Clarendon.
Our land is from the rage of tigers freed.
Dryden.
Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke.
Milton.
2. To remove, as something that confines or bars;
to relieve from the constraint of.
This master key
Frees every lock, and leads us to his person.
Dryden.
3. To frank. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Free"boot`er (?), n. [D.
vrijbuiter, fr. vrijbuiten to plunder;
vrij free + buit booty, akin to E.
booty. See Free, and Booty, and cf.
Filibuster.] One who plunders or pillages
without the authority of national warfare; a member of a
predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber.
Bacon.
Free"boot`er*y (?), n. The act,
practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting.
Booth.
Free"boot`ing, n. Robbery; plunder; a
pillaging.
Free"boot`ing, a. Acting the freebooter;
practicing freebootery; robbing.
Your freebooting acquaintance.
Sir W. Scott.
Free"boot`y (?), n.
Freebootery. [Obs.]
Free"born` (?), a. Born free;
not born in vasssalage; inheriting freedom.
Free"-den`i*zen (?), v. t. To
make free. [R.]
Freed"man (?), n.; pl.
Freedmen (/). A man who has been
a slave, and has been set free.
Free"dom (?), n. [AS.
fre\'a2d/m; fre\'a2free +
-dom. See Free, and -dom.]
1. The state of being free; exemption from the
power and control of another; liberty; independence.
Made captive, yet deserving freedom more.
Milton.
2. Privileges; franchises; immunities.
Your charter and your caty's freedom.
Shak.
3. Exemption from necessity, in choise and action;
as, the freedom of the will.
4. Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with
freedom.
5. Frankness; openness; unreservedness.
I emboldened spake and freedom used.
Milton.
6. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of
decorum; license.
7. Generosity; liberality.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Freedom fine, a sum paid on entry to
incorporations of trades. -- Freedom of the city,
the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of
the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one
not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public
services.
Syn. -- See Liberty.
Freed"stool` (?), n.
[Obs.] See Fridstol.
Free"-hand` (?), a. Done by the
hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; as,
free-hand drawing. See under
Drawing.
Free"-hand`ed, a. Open-handed;
liberal.
Free"-heart`ed (?), a. Open;
frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as,
free-hearted mirth. --
Free"-heart`ed*ly, adv. --
Free"-heart`ed*ness, n.
Free"hold` (?), n. (LAw)
An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or
fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is
held.
Kent. Burrill.
To abate into a freehold. See under
Abate.
Free"hold`er (?), n.
(Law) The possessor of a freehold.
Free"-liv`er (?), n. One who
gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in
eating and drinking.
Free"-liv`ing, n. Unrestrained
indulgence of the appetites.
Free"-love` (?), n. The
doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at
pleasure, without marriage.
Free"-lov`er, n. One who believes in or
practices free-love.
Freel"te (?), n. Frailty.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Free"ly, adv. [AS.
fre\'a2lice.] In a free manner; without
restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.
Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely
eat.
Gen. ii. 16.
Freely ye have received, freely
give.
Matt. x. 8.
Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.
Milton.
Freely we serve
Because we freely love.
Milton.
Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously;
unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally;
generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly;
largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.
Free"man (?), n.; pl.
Freemen (#). [AS.
fre\'a2man; fre\'a2free + mann
man.] 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is
not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or
vassal.
2. A member of a corporation, company, or city,
possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or
State, who has the right to vote at elections. See
Liveryman.
Burrill.
Both having been made freemen on the same day.
Addison.
Free"-mar`tin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An imperfect female calf, twinborn
with a male.
Free"ma`son (?), n. One of an
ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been
at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now
consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and
mutual assistance.
Free`ma*son"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the
practices of freemasons; as, a freemasonic
signal.
Free"ma`son*ry (?), n. The
institutions or the practices of freemasons.
Free"-mill`ing (?), a. Yielding
free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can be reduced
by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical
treatment.
Raymond.
Free"-mind`ed (?), a. Not
perplexed; having a mind free from care.
Bacon.
Free"ness, n. The state or quality of
being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality;
gratuitousness.
Fre"er (?), n. One who frees,
or sets free.
Free"-soil` (?), a. Pertaining
to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; -- esp. applied
to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856.
[U.S.] -- Free"soil`er
(#), n. [U.S.] --
Free"-soil`ism (#), n.
[U.S.]
Free"-spo`ken (?), a.
Accustomed to speak without reserve.
Bacon.
-- Free"-spo`ken-ness,
n.
Free"stone` (?), n. A stone
composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is easily cut
or wrought.
Free"stone`, a. Having the flesh readily
separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.
Free"-swim`ming (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Swimming in the open sea; -- said of
certain marine animals.
Free"think`er (?), n. One who
speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of
others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions
independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an
unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the
eighteenth century.
Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a
freethinker, child.
Addison.
Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See
Infidel.
Free"think`ing, n. Undue boldness of
speculation; unbelief. Berkeley.
-- a. Exhibiting undue boldness of
speculation; skeptical.
Free"-tongued` (?), a. Speaking
without reserve.
Bp. Hall.
Free will (?). 1. A will free
from improper coercion or restraint.
To come thus was I not constrained, but did
On my free will.
Shak.
2. The power asserted of moral beings of willing or
choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute
necessity.
Free"will` (?), a. Of or
pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a
freewill offering.
Frewill Baptists. See under
Baptist.
Freez"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being frozen.
Freeze (?), n. (Arch.)
A frieze. [Obs.]
Freeze, v. i. [imp.
Froze (?); p. p. Frozen
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freezing.] [OE. fresen,
freosen, AS. fre\'a2san; akin to D.
vriezen, OHG. iosan, G. frieren,
Icel. frjsa, Sw. frysa, Dan.
fryse, Goth. frius cold, frost, and prob.
to L. prurire to itch, E. prurient, cf. L.
prna a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr.
prushv\'be ice, prush to spirt. / 18. Cf.
Frost.] 1. To become congealed by
cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the
abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid
body.
freezes at 32freezes at 40
2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to
suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the
blood freezes in the veins.
To freeze up (Fig.), to become
formal and cold in demeanor. [Colloq.]
Freeze, v. t. 1. To congeal; to
harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold,
or abstraction of heat.
2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack
of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.
A faint, cold fear runs through my veins,
That almost freezes up the heat of life.
Shak.
Freeze, n. The act of congealing, or the
state of being congealed. [Colloq.]
Freez"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and
can used in the process of freezing ice cream.
Freez"ing, a. Tending to freeze; for
freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner. --
Frrez"ing*ly, adv.
Freezing machine. See Ice
machine, under Ice. -- Freezing
mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical
salts) for producing intense cold. -- Freezing
point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid
begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose
freezing point is at 32
Frei"es*le`ben*ite (?), n.
[Named after the German chemist
Freiesleben.] A sulphide of antimony, lead,
and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.
Freight (?), n. [F.
fret, OHG. fr/ht merit, reward. See
Fraught, n.] 1. That with
which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading;
cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.;
as, a freight of cotton; a full
freight.
<-- p. 595 -->
2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a
party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus
hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier
for the carriage of goods.
Wharton.
3. Freight transportation, or freight line.
Freight (?), a. Employed in the
transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a
freight car.
Freight agent, a person employed by a
transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver
goods. -- Freight car. See under
Car. -- Freight train, a railroad
train made up of freight cars; -- called in England goods
train.
Freight, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Freighting.] [Cf. F.
freter.] To load with goods, as a ship, or
vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to
another; to furnish with freight; as, to freight a
ship; to freight a car.
Freight"age (?), n. 1.
Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.
2. The transportation of freight.
3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.
Freight"er (?), n. 1.
One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a
ship.
2. One employed in receiving and forwarding
freight.
3. One for whom freight is transported.
4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.
Freight"less, a. Destitute of
freight.
Frel"te (?), n. Frailty.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Fremd (?), Frem"ed (?)
} a. [OE., from AS. fremede,
fremde; akin to G. fremd.]
Strange; foreign. [Old Eng. & Scot.]
Chaucer.
Fren (?), n. [OE.
frenne, contr. fr. forrene foreign. See
Foreign, a.] A stranger.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
French (?), a. [AS.
frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L.
Francus a Frank: cf. OF. franceis,
franchois, fran/ois, F. fran/ais. See
Frank, a., and cf. Frankish.]
Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants.
French bean (Bot.), the common
kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). -- French
berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of
buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a
saffron, green or purple pigment. -- French
casement (Arch.) See French
window, under Window. -- French
chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; --
used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under
Chalk. -- French cowslip
(Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See
Bear's-ear. -- French fake
(Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it
backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run
freely. -- French honeysuckle (Bot.)
a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H.
coronarium); -- called also garland
honeysuckle. -- French horn, a
metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into
circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the
end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor
de chasse. -- French leave, an
informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place
without paying one's debts. -- French pie
[French (here used in sense of \'bdforeign\'b8) +
pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white
color)] (Zo\'94l.), the European great
spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also
wood pie. -- French polish.
(a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork,
consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or
shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy
surface produced by the application of the above. --
French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens
and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid
of mordants. Ure. -- French red
rouge. -- French rice, amelcorn. --
French roof (Arch.), a modified form of
mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope.
-- French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride
of tin and logwood; -- called also plum
tub. Ure. -- French window.
See under Window.
French, n. 1. The language
spoken in France.
2. Collectively, the people of France.
French"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frenchified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frenchifying.] [French +
-fy.] To make French; to infect or imbue
with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize.
Burke.
French"ism (?), n. A French
mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French
language.
Earle.
French"man (?), n.; pl.
Frenchmen (/). A native or one
of the people of France.
Fre*net"ir (?), a. [See
Frantic, a.] Distracted; mad;
frantic; phrenetic.
Milton.
Fre*net"ic*al (?), a. Frenetic;
frantic; frenzied. -- Frenet"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Fre"num (?), n.; pl. E.
Frenums (#), L. Frena
(#). [L., a bridle.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A cheek stripe of color.
2. (Anat.) Same as
Fr\'91num.
Fren"zi*cal (?), a.
Frantic. [Obs.]
Orrery.
Fren"zied (?), p. p. & a.
Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened. --
Fren"zied-ly, adv.
The people frenzied by centuries of oppression.
Buckle.
Up starting with a frenzied look.
Sir W Scott.
Fren"zy (?), n.; pl.
Frenzies (#). [OE.
frenesie, fransey, F.
fr\'82n\'82sie, L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. /
for / disease of the mind, phrenitis, fr. / mind. Cf.
Frantic, Phrenitis.] Any violent
agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and
temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness;
rage.
All else is towering frenzy and distraction.
Addison.
The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation;
aberration; delirium. See Insanity.
Fren"zy, a. Mad; frantic.
[R.]
They thought that some frenzy distemper had got
into his head.
Bunyan.
Fren"zy, v. t. To affect with frenzy; to
drive to madness [R.] \'bdFrenzying
anguish.\'b8
Southey.
Fre"quence (?), n. [See
Frequency.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a
concourse. [Archaic.]
Tennyson.
2. Frequency; abundance. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Fre"quen*cy (?), n.; pl.
Frequencies (#). [L.
frequentia numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F.
fr\'82quence. See Frequent.]
1. The condition of returning frequently;
occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the
frequency of crimes; the frequency of
miracles.
The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a
place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the
frequencies of ladies' visits.
Fuller.
2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Fre"quent (?), a. [L.
frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin
to farcire to stuff: cf. F. fr\'82quent.
Cf. Farce, n.] 1. Often
to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or
occurring; as, frequent visits.
\'bdFrequent feudal towers.\'b8
Byron.
2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to
indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.
He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself
hearty for the government.
Swift.
3. Full; crowded; thronged.
[Obs.]
'T is C\'91sar's will to have a frequent
senate.
B. Jonson.
4. Often or commonly reported.
[Obs.]
'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued
The Catti and the Daci.
Massinger.
Fre*quent" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frequented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Frequenting.] [L.
frequentare: cf. F. fr\'82quenter. See
Frequent, a.] 1. To visit
often; to resort to often or habitually.
He frequented the court of Augustus.
Dryden.
2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.]
With their sighs the air
Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.
Milton.
Fre*quent"a*ble (?), a.
Accessible. [R.]
Sidney.
Fre*quent"age (?), n. The
practice or habit of frequenting. [R.]
Southey.
Fre"quen*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
frequentatio a crowding together,
frequency: cf. F. fr\'82quentation.]
The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often;
resort.
Chesterfield.
Fre*quent"a*tive (?), a. [L.
frequentativus: cf. F.
fr\'82quentatif.] (Gram.)
Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action;
as, a frequentative verb. --
n. A frequentative verb.
Fre*quent*er (?), n. One who
frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.
Fre*quent*ly (?), adv. At
frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly;
commonly.
Fre"quent*ness, n. The quality of being
frequent.
\'d8Fr\'8are (?), n. [F. See
Friar.] A friar.
Chaucer.
Fres"cade (?), n. [See
Fresco, Fresh, a.] A cool
walk; shady place. [R.]
Maunder.
Fres"co (?), n.; pl.
Frescoes or Frescos (#).
[It., fr. fresco fresh; of German origin. See
Fresh, a.]
1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness;
coolness; shade. [R.]
Prior.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) The art of
painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries.
(b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to
painting on plaster in any manner. (c) A
painting on plaster in either of senses a and
b.
Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Frescoed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Frescoing.] To paint in
fresco, as walls.
Fresh (?), a.
[Compar. Fresher (/);
superl. Freshest.] [OE.
fresch, AS. fersc; akin to D.
versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc,
Sw. frisk, Dan. frisk, fersk,
Icel. fr/skr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh;
cf. It. fresco, OF. fres, freis,
fem. freske, fresche, F. frais,
fem. fra/che, which are of German origin. Cf.
Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.]
1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and
strong; unimpaired; sound.
2. New; original; additional. \'bdFear of
fresh mistakes.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the
limbs.
Landor.
3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for
market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or
tainted; in good condition; as, fresh vegetables,
flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made or obtained;
occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of
goods; fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or
made public; as, fresh news; recently taken
from a well or spring; as, fresh water.
4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh
nymphs.
Shak.
5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated;
uncultured; unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a
ship.
6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for
action; as, fresh for a combat; hence, tending
to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a
fresh wind.
7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in
distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish;
fresh meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or
salted.
Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze
between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty
miles an hour. -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing
about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh
way (Naut.), increased
speed.
Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid;
sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively;
vigorous; strong.
Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes
(/). 1. A stream or spring of
fresh water.
He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where
the quick freshes are.
Shak.
2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers
or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or
into the sea.
Beverly.
Fresh, v. t. To refresh; to
freshen. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Fresh"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Freshened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening
(?)] 1. To make fresh; to
separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt;
as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh.
<-- "less *salt*" is in original; also, below "to lose saltness"
-->
2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. (Naut.) To relieve, as a rope, by
change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the
material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a
hawse.
Totten.
To freshen ballast (Naut.), to
shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the hawse,
to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on
another part. -- To freshen the way, to
increase the speed of a vessel.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Fresh"en (?), v. i. 1.
To grow fresh; to lose saltness.
2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind
freshens.
Fresh"et (?), n. [OE.
fresche flood + -et. See Fresh,
a.] 1. A stream of fresh
water. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by
heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.
Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers
When the freshet is at highest.
Longfellow.
Fresh"ly, adv. In a fresh manner;
vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as,
freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind
blows freshly.
Looks he as freshly as he did?
Shak.
Fresh"man (?), n.; pl.
Freshmen (/). novice; one in the
rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his fist
year in a college or university.
He drank his glass and cracked his joke,
And freshmen wondered as he spoke.
Goldsmith.
Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes
in an American college. [ U. S.]
Fresh"man*ship, n. The state of being a
freshman.
Fresh"ment (?), n.
Refreshment. [Obs.]
Fresh"ness, n. The state of being
fresh.
The Scots had the advantage both for number and
freshness
of men.
Hayward.
And breathe the freshness of the open air.
Dryden.
Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted
grace.
Granville.
Fresh"-new` (?), a.
Unpracticed. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fresh"-wa`ter (?), a. 1.
Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as,
fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh-water
fish; fresh-water mussels.
2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only;
unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh-water
sailor.
3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.]
\'bdFresh-water soldiers.\'b8
Knolles.
{ Fres`nel" lamp" (?), Fres'nel'
lan'tern (?).} [From Fresnel
the inventor, a French physicist.] A lantern having a
lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.
Fres`nel" lens" (?). [See Fresnel
lamp.] (Optics) See under
Lens.
Fret (?), n. [Obs.]
See 1st Frith.
Fret (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Fretting.] [OE.
freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for
foretan; pref. for- + etan to
eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G.
fressen, Sw. fr\'84ta, Goth.
fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v.
t.] 1. To devour.
[Obs.]
The sow frete the child right in the cradle.
Chaucer.
2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to
gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret
cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm
frets the plants of a ship.
With many a curve my banks I fret.
Tennyson.
3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.
By starts
His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear.
Shak.
4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to
ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.
5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.
Fret not thyself because of evil doers.
Ps. xxxvii. 1.
Fret, v. i. 1. To be worn away;
to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the
edges.
2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.
Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another
with great excoriation.
Wiseman.
3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to
rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant
breast.
4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be
angry; to utter peevish expressions.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the
ground.
Dryden.
Fret, n. 1. The agitation of
the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling
on the surface of water.
Addison.
2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and
impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps
his mind in a continual fret.
Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret.
Pope.
3. Herpes; tetter.
Dunglison.
4. pl. (Mining) The worn
sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them,
accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate
to the miners the locality of the veins.
Fret, v. t. [OE. fretten to
adorn, AS. fr\'91twan, fr\'91twian; akin to
OS. fratah/n, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to
make wise, also AS. fr\'91twe ornaments, OS.
fratah\'c6 adornment.] To ornament with
raised work; to variegate; to diversify.
Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about.
Spenser.
Yon gray lines,
That fret the clouds, are messengers of day.
Shak.
Fret, n. 1. Ornamental work in
relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork.
2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of
smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right
angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often
in Oriental art.
His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret,
ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving.
Evelyn.
<-- p. 596 -->
3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold
or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their
hair.
A fret of gold she had next her hair.
Chaucer.
Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade,
used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole
saw; a compass saw.
Fret (?), n. [F.
frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim.
of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E.
fret to rub.] 1. (Her.)
A saltire interlaced with a mascle.
2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or
other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a
similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be
placed.
Fret, v. t. To furnish with frets, as an
instrument of music.
Fret"ful (?), a. [See 2d
Fret.] Disposed to fret; ill-humored;
peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a
fretful temper. --
Fret"ful-ly, adv. --
Fret"ful-ness, n.
Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable;
waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate;
angry. -- Fretful, Peevish,
Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and
expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the
inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find
fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and
marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be
fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled
with vexation or anger.
Frett (?), n. [See 2d
Fret.] (Mining) The worn side of
the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n.,
4.
Frett, n. [See Frit.] A
vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of
lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.
Fret"ted (?), p. p. & a. [From
2d Fret.]
1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.
2. Agitated; vexed; worried.
Fret"ted, p. p. & a. [See 5th
Fret.] 1. Ornamented with fretwork;
furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the
surface.
2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another;
-- said of charges and ordinaries.
Fret"ten (?), a. [The old p. p.
of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as,
pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox.
[Obs.]
Wright.
Fret"ter (?), n. One who, or
that which, frets.
Fret"ty, a. [See 5th
Fret.] Adorned with fretwork.
\'d8Fre"tum (?), n.; pl.
Freta (#). [L.]
A strait, or arm of the sea.
Fret"work (?), n. [6th
fret + work.] Work adorned with frets;
ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and
minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade,
dark and light, or the like.
Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and
sunshine.
Macaulay.
Frey"a (?), n. [Icel.
Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.) The
daughter of Nj\'94rd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the
Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga,
but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also
Frea, Fraying, and
Ereyja.]
Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
friabilit\'82.] The quality of being
friable; friableness.
Locke.
Fri"a*ble (?), a. [??/L.
friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or
crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E.
fray. cf. F. friable.) Easily crumbled,
pulverized, or reduced to powder. \'bdFriable ground.\'b8
Evelyn. \'bdSoft and friable texture.\'b8
Paley. -- Fri'a-ble-ness,
n.
Fri"ar (?), n. [OR.
frere, F. fr\'8are brother,
friar, fr. L. frater brother. See
Brother.] 1. (R. C. Ch.)
A brother or member of any religious order, but especially
of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a)
Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b)
Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black
Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites.
See these names in the Vocabulary.
2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a
printed page.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the
silversides.
Friar bird (Zo\'94l.), an
Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having
the head destitute of feathers; -- called also
coldong, leatherhead,
pimlico; poor soldier, and
four-o'clock. The name is also applied to
several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's
balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for
wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin,
styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of
benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap
(Bot.), the monkshood. -- Friar's
cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant
(Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf
resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the
ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. --
Friar skate (Zo\'94l.), the European
white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also
Burton skate, border ray,
scad, and doctor.
Fri"ar*ly, a. Like a friar;
inexperienced.
Bacon.
Fri"ar*y (?), a. [From
Friar, n.] Like a friar;
pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.]
Camden.
Fri"ar*y, n. [OF. frerie,
frairie, fr. fr\'8are. See
Friar.] 1. A monastery; a convent of
friars.
Drugdale.
2. The institution or praactices of friars.
Fuller.
Fri*a"tion (?), n. [See
Friable.] The act of breaking up or
pulverizing.
Frib"le (?), a. [Cf. F.
frivole, L. frivolus, or E.
frippery.] Frivolous; trifling; sily.
Frib"ble, n. A frivolous, contemptible
fellow; a fop.
A pert fribble of a peer.
Thackeray.
Frib"ble, v. i. 1. To act in a
trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.
The fools that are fribbling round about you.
Thackeray.
2. To totter. [Obs.]
Frib"bler (?), n. A trifler; a
fribble.
Frib"bling (?), a. Frivolous;
trining; toolishly captious.
{ Fri"borg , Fri"borgh }
(?), n. [AS. fri/borh,
lit., peace PLAGE; fri/ peace + borh,
borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the
word was confused with free, the last part, with
borough.] (Old Eng. Law) The pledge and
tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge.
See Frankpledge. [Written also
friburgh and fribourg.]
Burril.
Fric"ace (?), n. [See
Fricassee.] 1. Meat sliced and
dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.]
King.
2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the
unguent.
\'d8Fri"can`deau` (?),
\'d8Fric"*an*do (/), n.
[F. fricandeau; cf. Sp.
fricand\'a2.] A ragout or fricassee of
veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an
entr\'82e, -- called also
fricandel.
A. J. Cooley.
Fric"as*see` (?), n. [F.
fricass\'82e, fr. fricasser to
fry, fricassee; cf. LL. fricare,
perh. for frictare, fricare,
frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry,
Friction.] A dish made of fowls, veal, or
other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a
gravy.<-- (cooking) -->
Frlc"as*see`, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Fricassed (?); p. pr. &. vb.
n. Fricasseeing.] To dress like a
fricassee.
Fri*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum,
to rub. ] Friction. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Fric"a*tive (?), a. [See
Frication.] (Phon.) Produced by
the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated,
through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered
through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the
organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or
prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as
f, v, s, z,
etc. -- n. A fricative consonant
letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation,
Fric"a*trice (?), n. [Cf. L.
frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.] A
lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Fric"kle (?), n. A bushel
basket. [Obs.]
Ftic"tion (?), n. [L.
frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to
rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid
cf. Dentifrice.] 1. The act of
rubbing the surface of one body against that of another;
attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand,
with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy
action.
2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body
meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be
resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.
3. A clashing between two persons or parties in
opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard
progress.
Angle of friction (Mech.), the
angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a
horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the
plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for
planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction
wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on
small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their
circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to
relieve it of friction; -- called also friction
wheels. -- Friction balls, or
Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to
receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve
friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction
brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for
measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving
shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its
friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing
the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the
shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks,
brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of
guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when
the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back.
Earrow. -- Friction clutch,
Friction coupling, an engaging and
disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by
friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece
on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on
another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the
illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust
forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the
other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold
the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b)
A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made
fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping,
under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop
hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking
by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer
rod. -- Friction gear. See
Frictional gearing, under Frictional.
-- Friction machine, an electrical machine,
generating electricity by friction. -- Friction
meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in
testing lubricants. -- Friction powder,
Friction composition, a composition of
chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily
ignites by friction. -- Friction primer,
Friction tube, a tube used for firing
cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the
friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled --
Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the
wheels in frictional gearing. See under
Frictional.
Fric"tion*al (?), a. Relating
to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as,
frictional electricity.
Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit
motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are
sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease
friction, as required.
Fric"tion*less, a. Having no
friction.
Fri"day (?), n. [AS.
friged\'91g, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of
marriage; friqu love + d\'91g day; cf.
Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or
Wodan, OHG. Fr\'c6atag, Isel. Frj\'bedagr.
AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E.
friend, free. See Free, and
Day.] The sixth day of the week, following
Thursday and preceding Saturday.
Fridge (?), v. t. [AS.
frician to dance, from free bold. Cf.
Freak, n.] To rub; to fray.
[Obs.]
Sterne.
{ Frid"stol` (?), Frith`stool"
(?) }, n. [AS.
fri/st/l. See Fred, and
Stool.] A seat in churches near the altar, to
which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary.
[Written variously fridstool,
freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]
Fried (?), imp. & p. p. of
Fry.
Friend (?), n. [OR.
frend, freond, AS. fre\'a2nd,
prop. p. pr. of fre\'a2n, fre\'a2gan, to
love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund
friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt
friend, G. freund, Icel. fr\'91ndi kinsman,
Sw. fr\'84nde. Goth. frij/nds friend,
frij/n to love. Free, and cf.
Fiend.] 1. One who entertains for
another suo??/] sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection
that he scens hie society aud welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate
associate; sometimes, an attendant.
Want gives to know the flatterer from the
friend.
Dryden.
A friend that sticketh closer than a brother.
Prov. xviii. 24.
2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or
enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose
friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as
a term of friendly address.
Friend, how camest thou in hither?
Matt. xxii. 12.
3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an
institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter;
as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an
institution.
4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse
of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress
and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at
peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.
America was first visited by Friends in 1656.
T. Chase.
5. A paramour of either sex.
[Obs.]
Shak.
A friend at court ,
one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special
opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with,
to have friendly relations with. \'bdHe's . . . friends
with C\'91sar.\'b8 Shak. -- To make friends
with, to become reconciled to or on friendly terms
with. \'bdHaving now made friends with the
Athenians.\'b8 Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Friend, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Friended; p. pr, & vb. n.
Friending.] To act as the friend of; to
favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.]
Fortune friends the bold.
Spenser.
Friend"ed, a. 1. Having
friends; [Obs.]
2. Iuclined to love; well-disposed.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Friend"ing, n. Friendliness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Friend"less, a. [AS.
fre\'a2ndle\'a0s.] Destitute of friends;
forsaken. -- Friend"less*ness,
n.
Friend"li*ly (?), adv. In a
friendly manner.
Pope.
Friend"li*ness, n. The condition or
quality of being friendly.
Sir P. Sidney.
Friend"ly, a. [AS.
fre\'82ndl.] 1. Having the
temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good
of another; kind; favorable.
2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship;
befitting friends; amicable.
In friendly relations with his moderate
opponents.
Macaulay.
3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power
or state.
4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable;
propitious; serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or
gale.
On the first friendly bank he throws him down.
Addison.
Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable.
See Amicable.
Friend"ly, adv. In the manner of
friends; amicably; like friends. [Obs.]
Shak.
In whom all graces that can perfect beauty
Are friendly met.
Beau. & Fl.
Friend"ship, n. [AS.
fre\'a2ndscipe. See Friend, and
-ship.] 1. The state of being
friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or
between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good
will; friendliness; amity; good will.
There is little friendship in the world.
Bacon.
There can be no friendship without confidence, and
no confidence without integrity.
Rambler.
Preferred by friendship, and not chosen by
sufficiency.
Spenser.
2. Kindly aid; help; assistance,
[Obs.]
Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst
the tempest.
Shak.
3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony;
correspondence. [Obs.]
Those colors . . . have a friendship with each
other.
Dryden.
Fri"er (?), n. One who
fries.
Friese (?), n. Same as
Friesic, n.
Fries"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the
Netherlands.
Fries"ic, n. The language of the
Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of
the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern
dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of
Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany
and Denmark.
Fries"ish, a. Friesic.
[R.]
Frieze (?), n. [Perh. the same
word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. Friz.]
(Arch.) (a) That part of the entablature
of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a
flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and
often enriched with figures and other ornaments of
sculpture. (b) Any sculptured or richly
ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of
furniture. See Illust. of Column.
Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven.
Milton.
Frieze (?), n. [F.
frise, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from
Friesland (F. Frise); cf. LL. frisii
panni and frissatus pannus, a shaggy woolen
cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf.
Friz.] A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff
with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.
\'bdRobes of frieze.\'b8
Goldsmith.
Frieze, v. t. To make a nap on (cloth);
to friz. See Friz, v. t., 2.
Friezing machine, a machine for friezing
cloth; a friezing machine.
<-- p. 597 -->
Friezed (?), a. Gathered, or
having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or
protuberances. Cf. Frieze, v. t., and
Friz, v. t., 2.
Frie"zer (?), n. One who, or
that which, friezes or frizzes.
Frig"ate (?), n. [F.
fr\'82gate, It. fregata, prob. contracted
fr. L. fabricata something constructed or. built. See
Fabricate.] 1. Originally, a vessel
of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French,
about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750
it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate
between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about
1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck
with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty
guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam
frigates of largely increased size and power were built,
and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about
1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them.
[Formerly spelled frigat and
friggot.]
2. Any small vessel on the water.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Frigate bird (Zo\'94l.), a
web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; --
called also man-of-war bird, and
frigate pelican. Two species are known; that
of the Southern United States and West Indies is F.
aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and
powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by
robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are
related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel
(Zo\'94l.), an oceanic fish (Auxis
Rochei) of little or no value as food, often very abundant
off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate
pelican. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Frigate
bird.
Frig"ate-built" (?), a.
(Naut.) Built like a frigate with a raised
quarter-deck and forecastle.
Frig"a*toon` (?), n. [It.
fregatone: cf. F.fr\'82gaton. See
Frigate.] (Naut.) A Venetian
vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast,
and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.
Frig"e*fac`tion (?), n. [L.
frigere to be cold + facere to make.]
The act of making cold. [Obs.]
Frig"e*fac`tive (?), a.
Cooling. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Frig"er*ate (?), e. t. [L.
frigerare, fr. frigus cold.] To
make cool. [Obs.]
Blount.
{ Frigg (?), Frig"ga (?)
} n. [Icel. Frigg. See
Friday.] (Scand. Myth.) The wife
of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of
the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.
Fright (?), n. [OE.
frigt, freyht, AS. fyrhto,
fyrhtu; akin to OS. forhta, OHG.
forhta, forahta, G. furcht, Dan.
frygt, Sw. fruktan, Goth.
fa\'a3rhtei fear, fa\'a3rhts timid.]
1. A state of terror excited by the sudden
appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short
duration; a sudden alarm.
2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a
feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See
Alarm.
Fright (?), v. t.
[imp. Frighted; p. pr. & vb.
n.. Frighting.] [OE.
frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to
frighten, forhtian to fear; akin to OS.
forhtian, OHG. furihten,
forahtan, G. f\'81rchten, Sw.
frukta, Dan. frygte, Goth.
faurhtjan. See Fright, n., and cf.
Frighten.] To alarm suddenly; to shock by
causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.
Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.
Fright"en (?), v. t.
[>imp.pos> Frightened (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening
(#).] [See Fright, v.
t.] To disturb with fear; to throw into a state
of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.
More frightened than hurt.
Old Proverb.
Fright"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of fright; affrighted; frightened.
[Obs.]
See how the frightful herds run from the wood.
W. Browne.
2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting
alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a frightful
chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance.
Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific;
awful; horrid; horrible; shocking. --
Frightful, Dreadful, Awful. These
words all express fear. In frightful, it is a sudden
emotion; in dreadful, it is deeper and more prolonged;
in awful, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe,
which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An
accident may be frightful; the approach of death is
dreadful to most men; the convulsions of the
earthquake are awful.
Fright"ful*ly (?), adv. In a
frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.
Fright"ful*ness, n. The quality of being
frightful.
Fright"less, a. Free from fright;
fearless. [Obs.]
Fright"ment (?), n. Fear;
terror. [Obs.]
Frig"id (?), a. [L.
frigidus, fr. frigere to be cold; prob.
akin to Gr. / to shudder, or perh. to / cold. Cf.
Frill.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or
warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate.
2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity,
etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff
and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a
frigid style; a frigid look or manner;
frigid obedience or service.
3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to
excite the generative power; impotent.
Johnson.
Frigid zone, that part of the earth which lies
between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23/ 28/
from the pole. See the Note under Arctic.
\'d8Frig"i*da`ri*um (?), n.;
pl. Frigidaria (#). [L.,
neut. of frigidarium cooling.] The cooling
room of the Roman therm\'91, furnished with a cold bath.
Pri*gid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
frigiditas: cf. F. frigidit\'82.]
1. The condition or quality of being frigid;
coldness; want of warmth.
Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the
air.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.;
coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and
formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow,
etc.
3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the
frigidity of old age.
Frig"id*ly (?), adv. In a
frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.
Frig"id*ness, n. The state of being
frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness;
dullness.
{ Frig"o*rif"ic (?),
Frig"o*rif`ic*al (?) } a.
[L. frigorificus; frigus,
frigoris, cold + facere to make: cf. F.
frigorifique.] Causing cold; producing or
generating cold.
Quincy.
Frill (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Frilled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frilling.] [OF. friller, fr.
L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of
frigidus cold; akin to F. frileux
chilly.] 1. To shake or shiver as with cold;
as, the hawk frills.
Johnson.
2. (Photog.) To wrinkle; -- said of the
gelatin film.
Frill, v. t. To provide or decorate with
a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; as, to
frill a cap.
Frill, n. [See Frill, v.
i.]. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold. (b) A
ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of
feathers, around the neck of an animal. See Frilled
lizard (below). (c) A similar ruffle around
the legs or other appendages of animals. (d)
A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.
2. A border or edging secured at one edge and left
free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow
flounce.
Frilled (?), a. Furnished with
a frill or frills.
Frilled lizard (Zo\'94l.), a large
Australian lizard (Chlamydosaurus Kingii) about three
feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the
neck.
Frim (?), a. [Cf. AS.
freme good, bold, and E. frame.]
Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous.
[Obs.] \'bdFrim pastures.\'b8
Drayton.
\'d8Fri"maire` (?), n. [F., fr.
frimas hoarfrost.] The third month of the
French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended
December 20., See Vend\'82miaire.
Fringe (?), n. [OF,
fringe, F. frange, prob. fr. L.
fimbria fiber, thread, fringe, cf. fibra
fiber, E. fiber, fimbriate.]
1. An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece
of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp,
projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made
separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends,
twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of
wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the
like.
2. Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a
line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a
margin; a confine.
The confines of grace and the fringes of
repentance.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Opt.) One of a number of light or
dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction
band; -- called also interference fringe.
4. (Bot.) The peristome or fringelike
appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See
Peristome.
Fringe tree (Bot.), a small tree
(Chionanthus Virginica), growing in the Southern
United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long pendulous
petals.
Fringe, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fringed (?); p. pr. & vb.
a. Fringing.] To adorn the edge
of with a fringe or as with a fringe.
Precipices fringed with grass.
Bryant.
Fringing reef. See Coral reefs,
under Coral.
Fringed (?), a. Furnished with
a fringe.
Fringed lear (Bot.), a leaf edged
with soft parallel hairs.
Fringe"less, a. Having no fringe.
Frin"gent (?), a. Encircling
like a fringe; bordering. [R.] \'bdThe
fringent air.\'b8
Emerson.
\'d8Frin*gil"la (?), a. [NL.,
fr. L. fringilla a chaffinch.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, with a short,
conical, pointed bill. It formerly included all the sparrows and
finches, but is now restricted to certain European finches, like
the chaffinch and brambling.
Frin`gil*la"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Fringilline.
Frin*gil"line (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the family
Fringillid\'91; characteristic of finches;
sparrowlike.
Frin"gy (?), a. Aborned with
fringes.
Shak.
Frip"per (?), n. [F.
fripier, fr. friper to rumple, fumble,
waste.] One who deals in frippery or in old
clothes. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Frip"per*er (?), n. A
fripper. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Frip"per*y (?), n. [F.
friperie, fr. fruper. See
Fripper.] 1. Coast-off
clothes. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry
decoration; affected elegance.
Fond of gauze and French frippery.
Goldsmith.
The gauzy frippery of a French translation.
Sir W. Scott.
3. A place where old clothes are sold.
Shak.
4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.
Frip"per*y (?), a. Trifling;
contemptible.
\'d8Fri"seur' (?), n. [F., fr.
friser to curl, frizzle. See Frizzle.]
A hairdresser.
Fri"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands;
Friesic.
Fri"sian, n. A native or inhabitant of
Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See
Friesic, n.
Frisk (?), a. [OF.
frieque, cf. OHG. frise lively, brisk,
fresh, Dan. & Sw. frisk, Icel. friskr. See
Fresh, a.] Lively; brisk;
frolicsome; frisky. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Frisk, a. A frolic; a fit of wanton
gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap.
Johnson.
Frisk, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Frisked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Frisking.] To leap, skip,
dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.
The frisking satyrs on the summits danced.
Addison.
Frisk"al (?), n. A leap or
caper. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Frisker (?), n. One who frisks;
one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or
unsettled person.
Camden.
Fris"ket (?), n. [F.
frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity or
frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.]
(Print.) The light frame which holds the sheet of
paper to the tympan in printing.
Frisk"ful (?), a. Brisk;
lively; frolicsome.
Frisk"i*ly' (?), adv. In a
frisky manner.
Frisk"i*ness, n. State or quality of
being frisky.
Frisk"y, a. Inclined to frisk;
frolicsome; gay.
He is too frisky for an old man.
Jeffrey.
Fris"let (?), n. [??/Cf.
Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.) A kind of
small ruffle.
Halliwell.
Frist (?), v. t. [OE.
fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite,
postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to
first time, G. frist, Icel. frest
delay.] To sell upon credit, as goods.
[R.]
Crabb.
\'d8Fri"sure` (?), n.
[F.] The dressing of the hair by crisping or
curling.
Smollett.
Frit (?), n. [F.
fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of
frire to fry. See Far, v.
t.] 1. (Glass Making) The
material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or
partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a
composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other
ingredients.
Ure.
2. (Ceramics) The material for glaze of
pottery.
Frit brick, a lump of calcined glass
materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory
furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting
pot.
Frit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fritting.] To prepare by heat (the
materials for making glass); to fuse partially.
Ure.
Frit, v. t. To fritter; -- with
away. [R.]
Ld. Lytton.
Frith (?), n. [OE.
firth, Icel. fj\'94r/r; akin to Sw.
fj\'84rd, Dan. fiord, E. ford.
Ford, n., and cf.
Firth, Fiord, Fret a frith,
Port a harbor.]
1. (Geog.) A narrow arm of the sea; an
estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the
Frith of Forth.
2. A kind of weir for catching fish.
[Eng.]
Carew.
Frith, n. [OE. frith peace,
protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS.
fri/ peace; akin to freno/ peace,
protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel.
fri/r, and from the root of E. free, friend. See
Free, a., and cf. Affray,
Defray.] 1. A forest; a woody
place. [Obs.]
Drayton.
2. A small field taken out of a common, by
inclosing it; an inclosure. [Obs.]
Sir J. Wynne.
Frith"y (?), a. Woody.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
\'d8Frit"il*la`ri*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F.
fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of
the petals.] (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous
plants, of which the crown-imperial (Fritillaria
imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower
(F. Meleagris) another. See
Crown-imperial.
Frit"il*la*ry (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) A plant with checkered petals, of the
genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See
Fritillaria.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of
butterflies belonging to Argynnis and allied genera;
-- so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that
of the common Fritillaria. See
Aphrodite.
Frit"i*nan*cy (?), n. [L.
fritinnire to twitter.] A chirping or creaking,
as of a cricket. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Frit"ter (?), n. [OR.
fritour, friture, pancake, F.
friture frying, a thing fried, from frire
to fry. See Far, v. t.] 1.
A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a
frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the
substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple
fritters, clam fritters, oyster
fritters.
2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.
And cut whole giants into fritters.
Hudibras.
Corn fritter. See under
Corn.
Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Frittered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Frittering.] 1. To
cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.
2. To break into small pieces or fragments.
Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense.
Pope.
To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to
reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to
waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength,
credit, etc.
Frit"ting (?), n. [See
Frit to expose to heat.] The formation of
frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.
Friv"o*lism (?), n.
Frivolity. [R.]
Pristley.
Fri*vol"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Frivolities (#). [Cg. F.
frivolit\'82. See Frivolous.] The
condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of
trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.
<-- p. 598 -->
Friv"o*lous (?), a. [L.
frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub,
crumble, E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]
1. Of little weight or importance; not worth
notice; slight; as, a frivolous argument.
Swift.
2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming
levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters.
His personal tastes were low and frivolous.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.
-- Friv"o*lous*ly, adv. --
Friv"o*lous*ness, n.
Friz (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frizzed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing
(?).] [Cf. F. friser to
curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on certain
stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head.
Cf. Frieze kind of cloth.] [Written also
frizz.] 1. To curl or form into
small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.
With her hair frizzed short up to her ears.
Pepys.
2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or
tufts, as the nap of cloth.
3. (Leather Manufacture) To soften and
make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a
blunt instrument.
Frizzing machine. (a)
(Fabrics) A machine for frizzing the surface of
cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench
with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its
surface, for dressing boards.
Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes
(/). That which is frizzed; anything
crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle. [Written
also frizz.]
He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his
face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed,
well-curled friz of words would be no less becoming to
his thoughts.
Hare.
Frize (?), n. (Arch.)
See 1st Frieze.
Friz"el (?), a.
(Firearms) A movable furrowed piece of steel
struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early
form of flintlock.
Knight.
Fri*zette" (?), n. [F.
frisette curl.] A curl of hair or silk; a
pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff
it out.
Frizz (?), v. t. & n. See
Friz, v. t. & n.
Friz"zle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frizzled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzling
(?).] [Dim. of friz.]
To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle.
Gay.
To frizzle up, to crinkle or crisp
excessively.
Friz"zle, n. A curl; a lock of hair
crisped.
Milton.
Friz"zlez` (?), n. One who
frizzles.
{ Friz"zly (?), Friz"zy
(?), } a. Curled or crisped;
as, frizzly, hair.
Fro (?), adv. [OE.
fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel.
fr/, akin to Dan. fra from, E.
from. See From.] From; away; back
or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto the word
to, in the phrase to and fro, that is,
to and from. See To and fro under
To.
Millon.
Fro, prep. From.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Frock (?), n. [F.
froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL.
frocus, froccus, flocus,
floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool;
hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. flaccus
flabby, E. flaccid.] 1. A loose
outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European
modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike
garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock
frock; as, a marketman's frock.
2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and
supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments.
It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and
is girded by a cord.
Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually
doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body,
but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. -- Smock
frock. See in the Vocabulary.
Frock, v. t. 1. To clothe in a
frock.
2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.
Frocked (?), a. Clothed in a
frock.
Frock"less (?), a. Destitute of
a frock.
Froe (?), n. [See
Frow.] A dirty woman; a slattern; a
frow. [Obs.] \'bdRaging frantic
froes.\'b8
Draylon.
Froe, n. [See Frow the
tool] An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow.
[U. S.]
Bartlett.
Frog (?), n. [AS.
froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to
D. vorsch, OHG. frosk, G.
frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr,
Sw. & Dan. fr\'94.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) An amphibious animal of the genus
Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim
rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter
loud notes in the springtime.
Rana
esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American
bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great
size and loud voice.
2. [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf.
frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.)
The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the
sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the
fourchette.
3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having
raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the
wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.
4. [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L.
floccus, E. frock.] An oblong
cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a
loop instead of a button hole.
5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or
sword.
Cross frog (Railroads), a frog
adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog
cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. --
Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of
contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of
English. -- Frog fly. (Zo\'94l.)
See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper
(Zo\'94l.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect
living on plants. The larv\'91 are inclosed are frothy liquid
called cuckoo spit or frog spit. --
Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily
(Nuphar). -- Frog spit
(Zo\'94l.), the frothy exudation of the frog
hopper; -- called also frog spittle.
See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
Frog (?), v. t. To ornament or
fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog,
n., 4.
Frog"bit` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) A European plant (Hydrocharis
Morsus-ran\'91), floating on still water and propagating
itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white
flowers. (b) An American plant
(Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.
Frog"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) See Angler,
n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish of the
genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; --
called also mousefish and toadfish.
Frogged (?), a. Provided or
ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See
Frog, n., 4.
Ld. Lytton.
Frog"gy (?), a. Abounding in
frogs.
Sherwood.
Frog"mouth` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of Asiatic and
East Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family
Podargid\'91); -- so called from their very broad,
flat bills.
Frog"s`-bit" (?), n.
(Bot.) Frogbit.
Frog"shell` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of marine
gastropod shells, belonging to Ranella and allied
genera.
Froise (?), n. [OE.
froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E.
frush to bruise,] A kind of pancake. See
1st Fraise. [Written also
fraise.]
Frol"ic (?), a. [D.
vroolijk; akin to G. fr\'94lich, fr.
froh, OHG. fr/, Dan. fro, OS.
fr/h, cf. Icel. fr/r swift; all perh.
akin to Skr. pru to spring up.] Full of
levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks;
frolicsome; gay; merry.
The frolic wind that breathes the spring.
Milton.
The gay, the frolic, and the loud.
Waller.
Frol"ic, n. 1. A wild prank; a
flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.
He would be at his frolic once again.
Roscommon.
2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play,
or in dancing; a merrymaking.
Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Frolicked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Frolicking.] To play wild
pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge
in frolicsome play; to sport.
Hither, come hither, and frolic and play.
Tennyson.
Frol"ic*ful (?), a.
Frolicsome. [R.]
Frol"ick*y (?), a.
Frolicsome. [Obs.]
Richardson.
Frol"ic*ly, adv. In a frolicsome manner;
with mirth and gayety. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Frol"ic*some (?), a. Full of
gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.
Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever
once every two or three years, for the benefit of her
doctors.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. --
Frol"ic*some*ness, n.
From (?), prep. [AS.
fram, from; akin to OS. fram
out, OHG. & Icel. fram forward, Sw. fram,
Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to
E. forth. /202. Cf. Fro,
Foremost.] Out of the neighborhood of;
lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of;
out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out,
commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or
procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be
expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of
space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as
setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the
cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the
aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one
hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his
sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun;
separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all
sprung from Adam, and often go from good to
bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action
depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men
judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from
testimony.
Experience from the time past to the time
present.
Bacon.
The song began from Jove.
Drpden.
From high M\'91onia's rocky shores I came.
Addison.
If the wind blow any way from shore.
Shak.
From sometimes denotes away
from, remote from, inconsistent with.
\'bdAnything so overdone is from the purpose of
playing.\'b8 Shak. From, when joined with
another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for
abbreviating the sentence. \'bdThere followed him great
multitudes of people . . . from [the land]
beyond Jordan.\'b8 Math. iv. 25. In certain
constructions, as from forth, from out,
etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the
sense being more distinctly forth from, out
from -- from being virtually the governing
preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off,
under Off, adv., and From afar,
under Afar, adv.
Sudden partings such as press
The life from out young hearts.
Byron.
{ From"ward (?), From"wards
(?), } prep. [AS.
framweard about to depart. Cf. Froward]
A way from; -- the contrary of toward.
[Obs.]
Towards or fromwards the zenith.
Cheyne.
Frond (?), n. [L.
frons, frondis, a leafy branch,
foliage.] (Bot.) The organ formed by the
combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often
bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern
or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm
tree.
Fron*da"tion (?), n. [L.
frondatio, from frons. See
Frond.] The act of stripping, as trees, of
leaves or branches; a kind of pruning.
Evelyn.
\'d8Fronde (?), n. [F.]
(F. Hist.) A political party in France, during
the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made
war upon the court party.
Frond"ed (?), a. Furnished with
fronds. \'bdFronded palms.\'b8
Whittier.
Fron"dent (?), a. [L.
frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth
leaves. See Frond.] Covered with leaves;
leafy; as, a frondent tree.
[R.]
Fron*desce" (?), v. i. [L.
frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere. See
Frondent.] To unfold leaves, as plants.
Fron*des"cence (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) The time at which each
species of plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The
act of bursting into leaf.
Milne. Martyn.
\'d8Fron"deur` (?), n.
[F.] (F. Hist.) A member of the
Fronde.
Fron*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F.
frondifere.] Producing fronds.
Frond"let (?), n. (Bot.)
A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound
frond.
Fron*dose" (?), a. [L.
frondosus leafy.] (Bot.) (a)
Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion
not separable into stem and leaves. (b)
Leafy.
Gray.
Fron"dous (?), a. (Bot.)
Frondose. [R.]
\'d8Frons (?), n. [L.,
front.] (Anal.) The forehead;
the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.
Front (?), n. [F.
frant forehead, L. frons,
frontis; perh. akin to E. brow.]
1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above
the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.
Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's
tongue.
Pope.
Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled
front.
Shak.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns
command.
Prior.
2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence,
as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness
of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold
front; a hardened front.
With smiling fronts encountering.
Shak.
The inhabitants showed a bold front.
Macaulay.
3. The part or surface of anything which seems to
look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part;
the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear;
as, the front of a house; the front of an
army.
Had he his hurts before?
Ay, on the front.
Shak.
4. A position directly before the face of a person,
or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in front
of un person, of the troops, or of a house.
5. The most conspicuous part.
The very head and front of my offending.
Shak.
6. That which covers the foremost part of the head:
a front piece of false hair worn by women.
Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front.
Mrs. Browning.
7. The beginning. \'bdSummer's
front.\'b8
Shak.
Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain
connerting two half bastions. -- Front door,
the door in the front wall of a building, usually the
principal entrance. -- Front of fortification,
the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon.
Farrow. -- Front of operations, all that
part of the field of operations in front of the successive
positions occupied by the army as it moves forward.
Farrow. -- To come to the front, to
attain prominence or leadership.
Front, a. Of or relating to the front or
forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a
front view.
Front, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fronting.] 1. To oppose face
to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.
You four shall front them in the narrow lane.
Shak.
2. To appear before; to meet.
[Enid] daily fronted him
In some fresh splendor.
Tennyson.
3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to
confront; as, the house fronts the
street.
And then suddenly front the changed reality.
J. Morley.
4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against
as, his house fronts the church.
5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as,
to front a house with marble; to front a head
with laurel.
Yonder walls, that pertly front your town.
Shak.
Front, v. t. To have or turn the face or
front in any direction; as, the house fronts toward
the east.
Front"age (?), n. The front
part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.
Fron"tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
frontal.] Belonging to the front part;
being in front; esp. (Anat.), Of or
pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of
the brain case; as, the frontal bones.
Fron"tal, n. [F. frontal,
fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal,
L. frontale an ornament for the forehead, frontlet.
See Front.] 1. Something worn on the
forehead or face; a frontlet; as: (a) An
ornamental band for the hair. (b)
(Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.
<-- p. 599 -->
2. (Arch.) A little pediment over a door
or window.
3. (Eccl.) A movable, decorative member
in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in
embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually
changed according to the different ceremonies.
4. (Med.) A medicament or application
for the forehead. [Obs.]
Quincy.
5. (Anat.) The frontal bone, or one of
the two frontal bones, of the cranium.
Frontal hammer ,
a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a \'bdtongue\'b8
immediately in front of the hammer head.
Raymond.
{ Fron"tate (?), Fron'ta*ted
(?), } a. Growing broader and
broader, as a leaf; truncate.
Front"ed (?), a. Formed with a
front; drawn up in line. \'bdFronted brigades.\'b8
Milton.
Fron"tier (?), n. [F.
fronti\'8are, LL. frontaria. See
Front.] 1. That part of a country
which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the
marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country,
bordering on another country; the border of the settled and
cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of
civilization.
2. (Fort.) An outwork.
[Obs.]
Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets.
Shak.
Fron"tier, a. 1. Lying on the
exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a
frontier town.
2. Of or relating to a frontier. \'bdFrontier
experience.\'b8
W. Irving.
Fron"tier, v. i. To constitute or form a
frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.
Fron"tiered (?), p. a. Placed
on the frontiers. [R.]
Floa"tiers*man (?), n.; pl.
Frontiersmen (/). A man living
on the frontier.
\'d8Fron`ti*gnac" (?),
Fron`ti`gnan" (/), n.
[So called from Frontignan, a town in Southern
France.] 1. A sweet muscadine wine made in
Frontignan (Languedoc), France.
2. (Bot.) A grape of many varieties and
colors.
Front"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
fronting or facing position; opposingly.
Fron`tin*iac" (?), n. See
Frontignac.
Fron"tis*piece (?), n. [F.
frontispice, LL. frontispicium beginning,
front of a church, fr. L. frons front +
spicere, specere, to look at, view: cf. It.
frontispizio. See Front and
Spy.] The part which first meets the
eye; as: (a) (Arch.) The principal
front of a building. [Obs. or R.] (b)
An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first
page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage
itself.
Front"less (?), a. Without face
or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent.
[Obs.] \'bdFrontless vice.\'b8
Dryden. \'bdFrontless flattery.\'b8
Pope.
Front"less*ly, adv. Shamelessly;
impudently. [Obs.]
Front"let (?), n. [OF.
frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel,
frontal. See Frontal, n.]
1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on
the forehead.
They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes.
Deut. vi. 8.
2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R.
& Poetic]
What makes that frontlet on? Methinks you are too
much of late i' the frown.
Shak.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The margin of the head,
behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.
Fron"to- (?). [L. frons,
frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.)
A combining form signifying relating to the
forehead or the frontal bone; as,
fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the
parietal bones; fronto-nasal, etc.
\'d8Fron`ton" (?), n. [F., a
pediment. See Front.] (Arch.) Same
as Frontal, 2.
<--2. a jai-alai fronton -->
Frop"pish (?), a. [Cf.
Frap, Frape.] Peevish;
froward. [Obs.]
Clarendon.
Frore (?), adv. [See
Frorn.] Frostily. [Obs.]
The parching air
Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
Milton.
Frorn (?), p. a. [AS.
froren, p. p. of fre\'a2sun to freeze. See
Freeze.] Frozen. [Obs.]
Well nigh frorn I feel.
Spenser.
Fro"ry (?), a. [AS.
fre\'a2rig. See Frorn.] 1.
Frozen; stiff with cold. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost.
[Archaic]
The foaming steed with frory bit to steer.
Fairfax.
Frost (?), n. [OE.
frost, forst, AS. forst,
frost. fr. fre\'a2san to freeze; akin to D.
varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost.
\'fb18. See Freeze, v. i.] 1.
The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation
of water; congelation of fluids.
2. The state or temperature of the air which
occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or
freezing weather.
The third bay comes a frost, a killing
frost.
Shak.
3. Frozen dew; -- called also
hoarfrost or white
frost.
He scattereth the frost like ashes.
Ps. cxlvii. 16.
4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity
of character. [R.]
It was of those moments of intense feeling when the
frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow
wreath.
Sir W. Scott.
Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze
vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of
hoarfrost. -- Frost bearer (Physics),
a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water
in a vacuum; a cryophous. -- Frost grape
(Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid
berries. -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed below
the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold
nights; -- used especially in lighthouses. Knight.
-- Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven
into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping. -- Frost
smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by
congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe
cold.
The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black
obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic
winters.
Kane.
-- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a
pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to
freeze. -- Jack Frost, a popular
personification of frost.
Frost (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frostted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Frosting.] 1.
To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.
2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface
resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.
While with a hoary light she frosts the ground.
Wordsworth.
3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or
calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.
Frost"bird (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The golden plover.
Frost"bite (?), n. The
freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as
the ears or nose.
Kane.
Frost`bite", v. t. To expose to the
effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with
frost.
My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to
frostbite themselves.
Pepys.
Frost`-bit"ten (?), p. a.
Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.
Frost`-blite" (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus
Atriplex; orache. Gray. (b)
The lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album).
Dr. Prior.
Frost"ed, a. Covered with hoarfrost or
anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also,
frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake; frosted
glass.
Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to
burnished work.
Knight.
Frost`fish" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The tomcod; -- so called
because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at
about the commencement of frost. See Tomcod.
(b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.]
(c) A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard
fish (Lepidotus) valued as a food fish.
Frost"i*ly (?), adv. In a
frosty manner.
Frost"i*ness, n. State or quality of
being frosty.
Frost"ing, n. 1. A composition
of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding,
etc.
2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the
process of producing such a finish.
Frost"less, a. Free from frost; as,
a frostless winter.
Frost"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) An American species of rockrose
(Helianthemum Canadense), sometimes used in medicine
as an astringent or aromatic tonic.
Frost`work" (?), n. The
figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture
sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a
flagstone.
Frost`wort" (?), n.
(Bot.) Same as Frostweed.
Frost"y (?), a. [Cf. AS.
fyrstig.] 1. Attended with, or
producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing;
as, a frosty night.
2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is
frosty.
3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection
or courage.
Johnson.
4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white;
gray-haired; as, a frosty head.
Shak.
Frote (?), v. t. [F.
frotter.] To rub or wear by rubbing; to
chafe. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Fro"ter*er (?), n. One who
frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.]
Marston.
Froth (?), n. [OE.
frothe, Icel. fro\'eba; akin to Dan.
fraade, Sw. fradga, AS.
\'befreo\'eban to froth.]
1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by
fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva
caused by disease or nervous excitement.
2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence;
rhetoric without thought.
Johnson.
It was a long speech, but all froth.
L'Estrange.
3. Light, unsubstantial matter.
Tusser.
Froth insect (Zo\'94l.), the cuckoo
spit or frog hopper; -- called also froth
spit, froth worm, and froth
fly. -- Froth spit. See
Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
Froth, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Frothed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n.. Frothing.] 1. To
cause to foam.
2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.
He . . . froths treason at his mouth.
Dryden.
Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more?
Tennyson.
3. To cover with froth; as, a horse
froths his chain.
Froth, v. i. To throw up or out spume,
foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer froths; a horse
froths.
Froth"i*ly (?), adv. In a
frothy manner.
Froth"i*ness, n. State or quality of
being frothy.
Froth"ing, n. Exaggerated declamation;
rant.
Froth"less, a. Free from froth.
Froth"y (?), a.
[Compar. Frothier (?);
superl. Frothiest.] 1.
Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light
bubbles; spumous; foamy.
2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable.
Bacon.
3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty;
unsubstantial; as, a frothy speaker or
harangue.
Tillotson.
Frounce (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Frounced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frouncing
(?).] [OE. frouncen,
fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier, F.
froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare
to wrinkle the forehead, L. frons forehead. See
Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.]
To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form
wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.
Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont.
Milton.
Frounce, v. i. To form wrinkles in the
forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown.
[Obs.]
The Commons frounced and stormed.
Holland.
Frounce, n. 1. A wrinkle,
plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle
gathers about the hawk's bill.
Booth.
Frounce"less, a. Without frounces.
Rom. of R.
Frou"zy (?), a. [Prov. E.
frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or
smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple,
frouze to curl, and E. frounce,
frowy.] Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and
offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See
Frowzy. \'bdPetticoats in frouzy
heaps.\'b8
Swift.
Frow (?), n. [D.
vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth,
fr\'a0uja master, lord, AS. fre\'a0.]
1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German
woman.
Beau. & Fl.
2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Frow (?), n. [Cf.
Frower.] A cleaving tool with handle at right
angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from
the block; a frower.
Frow (?), a. Brittle.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
Fro"ward (?), a.
[Fro + -ward. See Fro, and
cf. Fromward.] Not willing to yield or compIy
with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient;
peevish; as, a froward child.
A froward man soweth strife.
Prov. xvi. 28.
A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a
thing as innovation.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable:
refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See
Perverse.
-- Fro"ward*ly, adv. --
Fro"ward*ness, n.
Frow"er (?), n. [Cf.
frow a frower, and Prov. E,
frommard.] A tool. See 2d
Frow.
Tusser.
Frow"ey (?), a. [See
Frow, a.] (Carp.)
Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of
timber.
Frown (?), v. i.
[imp. &, p. p. Frowned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frowning.] [OF. froignier,
F. frogner, in se refrogner, se
renfrogner, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic
origin; cf. It. in frigno wrinkled, frowning, Prov.
It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a wry face,
dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,] 1.
To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness;
to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.
The frowning wrinkle of her brow.
Shak.
2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to
look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; as, polite
society frowns upon rudeness.
The sky doth frown and lower upon our army.
Shak.
Frown, v. t. To repress or repel by
expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look;
as, frown the impudent fellow into
silence.
Frown, n. 1. A wrinkling of the
face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look;
a scowl.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns
command.
Prior.
Her very frowns are fairer far
Than smiles of other maidens are.
H. Coleridge.
2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the
frowns of Providence; the frowns of
Fortune.
Frown"ing*ly, adv. In a frowning
manner.
Frown"y (?), a. Frowning;
scowling. [Obs.]
Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder.
Sir F. Palgrave.
Frow"y (?), a. [Cf.
Frowzy, Frouzy.] Musty. rancid;
as, frowy butter. \'bdFrowy
feed.\'b8
Spenser
Frow"zy (?), a. [See
Frouzy.] Slovenly; unkempt; untidy;
frouzy. \'bdWith head all frowzy.\'b8
Spenser.
The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes.
W. D. Howells.
Froze (?), imp. of
Freeze.
Fro"zen (?), a. 1.
Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a
frozen brook.
They warmed their frozen feet.
Dryden.
2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold;
chilly; as, the frozen north; the frozen
zones.
3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding.
[R.]
Be not ever frozen, coy.
T. Carew.
Fro"zen*ness, n. A state of being
frozen.
Frub"ish (?), v. t. [See
Furbish.] To rub up: to furbish.
[Obs.]
Beau. c& Et.
Fruc"ted (?), a. [L.
fructus fruit. See Fruit.]
(Her.) Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant
so represented upon an escutcheon.
Cussans.
Fruc*tes"cence (?), n. [L.
fructus fruit.] (Bot.) The
maturing or ripening of fruit. [R.]
Martyn.
Fruc*tic"u*lose` (?), a.
Fruitful; full of fruit.
\'d8Fruc`ti`dor" (?), n. [F.,
fr. L. fructus fruit.] The twelfth month of
the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and
ending September 16. See Vend\'82miaire.
\'d8Fruc*tif"er*uos (?), a. [L.
fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre
to bear; cf. F. fructif\'8are.] Bearing or
producing fruit.
Boyle.
\'d8Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[L. fructificatio: cf. F.
fructification.] 1. The act of
forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering
productive of fruit; fecundation.
The prevalent fructification of plants.
Sir T. Brown.
2. (Bot.) (a) The collective
organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or
reproductive spores. (b) The process of
producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.
<-- p. 600 -->
<--p. 600 -->
Fruc"ti*fy (?), v. i. [F.
fructifier, L. fructificare;
fructus fruit + ficare (only in comp.),
akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit, and
Fact.] To bear fruit. \'bdCauseth the
earth to fructify.\'b8
Beveridge.
Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fructified (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Fructifying.] To make
fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to
fructify the earth.
Fruc*tose" (?), n. [L.
fructus fruit.] (Chem.) Fruit
sugar; levulose. [R.]
Fruc"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Fructuaries (#). [L.
fructuarius.] One who enjoys the profits,
income, or increase of anything.
Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries.
Prynne.
Fruc"tu*a`tion (?), n. Produce;
fruit, [R.]
Fruc"tu*ous (?), a. [L.
fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.]
Fruitful; productive; profitable. [Obs.]
Nothing fructuous or profitable.
Chaucer.
-- Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv. --
Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Fruc"ture (?), n. [L.
frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See
Fruit, n.] Use; fruition;
enjoyment. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Frue" van"ner (?). [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Mining) A moving, inclined,
endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water;
a kind of buddle.
Fru"gal (?), a. [L.
frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for
fruit; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate,
the dative of frux, frugis, fruit, akin to
E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See
Fruit, n.] 1. Economical
in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish;
wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time,
etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving;
as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of
time.
I oft admire
How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit
Such disproportions.
Milton.
2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as,
a frugal fortune. \'bdFrugal fare.\'b8
Dryden.
Fru*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Frugalities (#). [L.
frugalitas: cf. F. frugalit\'82.]
1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy;
that careful management of anything valuable which expends
nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable
purpose; thrift; --- opposed to extravagance.
Frugality is founded on the principle that all
riches have
limits.
Burke.
2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of
praise.
Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See Economy.
Fru"gal*ly (?), adv. Thriftily;
prudently.
Fru"gal*ness, n. Quality of being
frugal; frugality.
Fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit +
ferre to bear: cf. F. frugifere.]
Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous.
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Fru*giv"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zo\'94l.)
The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the
bats which live on fruits. See Eruit bat, under
Fruit.
Fru*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to
devour.: cf. F. frugivore.] Feeding on
fruit, as birds and other animals.
Pennant.
Fruit (?), n. [OE.
fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L.
fructus enjoyment, product, fruit, from
frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin to E.
brook, v. t. See Broook, v.
t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.]
1. Whatever is produced for the nourishment or
enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth,
as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the
plural.
Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the
fruits thereof.
Ex. xxiii. 10.
2. (Hort.) The pulpy, edible seed
vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches
above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc.
See 3.
3. (Bot.) The ripened ovary of a
flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are
consolidated with it.
fleshy,
drupaceous, and -dry. Fleshy
fruits include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike
fruita and pomes; drupaceous fruits are stony within
and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and chercies;and dry
fruits are further divided into achenes,
follicles, legumes, capsules,
nuts, and several other kinds.
4. (Bot.) The spore cases or
conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae,
etc., with the spores contained in them.
6. The produce of animals; offspring; young;
as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the
body.
King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English
crown.
Shak.
6. That which is produced; the effect or
consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or
result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; as,
the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance.
The fruit of rashness.
Shak.
What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain.
Burke.
They shall eat the fruit of their doings.
Is. iii 10.
The fruits of this education became visible.
Macaulay.
Fruit is frequently used adjectively,
signifying of, for, or pertaining
to a fruit or fruits; as,
fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit
jar; fruit knife; fruit loft;
fruit show; fruit stall; fruit
tree; etc.
Fruit bat (Zo\'94l.), one of the
Frugivora; -- called also fruit-eating
bat. -- Fruit bud (Bot.),
a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants the same as the
power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a
collection of fruit cases, as in ferns. See Sorus.
-- Fruit fly (Zo\'94l.), a small
dipterous insect of the genus Drosophila, which lives
in fruit, in the larval state. -- Fruit jar,
a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or
earthenware. -- Fruit pigeon
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of pigeons of
the family Carpophagid\'91, inhabiting India,
Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit.
and are noted for their beautiful colors. -- Fruit
sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar occurring,
naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose.
The name is also, though rarely, applied to invert
sugar, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose
resembling it, and found in fruits and honey. -- Fruit
tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for its
edible fruit. -- Fruit worm
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of insect
larv\'91: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly
small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera. -- Small
fruits (Hort.), currants, raspberries,
strawberries, etc.
Fruit (?), v. i. To bear
fruit.
Chesterfield.
Fruit"age (?), n. [F.
fruitage.] 1. Fruit, collectively;
fruit, in general; fruitery.
The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear.
Milton.
2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or
ill.
Fruit"er (?), a. A ship for
carrying fruit.
Fruit"er*er (?), n. [Cf. F.
fruitier.] One who deals in fruit; a seller
of fruits.
Fruit"er*ess, n. A woman who sells
fruit.
Fruit"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Fruiteries (#). [F.
fruiterie place where fruit is kept, in OF. also,
fruitage.]
1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage.
J. Philips.
2. A repository for fruit.
Johnson.
Fruit"es*tere (?), n. A
fruiteress. [Obs.]
Ftuit"ful (?), a. Full of
fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific;
fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or
season, or soil; a fruitful wife. --
Fruit"ful*ly, adv. --
Fruit"ful*ness, n.
Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the
earth.
Gen. i. 28.
[Nature] By disburdening grows
More fruitful.
Milton.
The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy.
Addison.
Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful;
rich; abundant; plenteous. See Fertile.
Fruit"ing, a. Pertaining to, or
producing, fruit.
Fruit"ing, n. The bearing of
fruit.
Fru*i"tion (?), n. [OF.
fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L.
frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See
Fruit, n.] Use or possession of
anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or
satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use.
\'bdCapacity of fruition.\'b8 Rogers.
\'bdGodlike fruition.\'b8 Milton.
Where I may have fruition of her love.
Shak.
Fru"i*tive (?), a. [See
Fruition.] Eujoying; possessing.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Fruit"less (?), a. 1.
Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of
offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a
fruitless marriage.
Shak.
2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain;
idle; useless; unprofitable; as, a fruitless
attempt; a fruitless controversy.
They in mutual accusation spent
The fruitless hours.
Milton.
Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive;
ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See Useless.
-- Fruit"less*ly, adv. --
Fruit"lness*ness, n.
Fruit'y (?), a. Having the
odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful.
Dickens.
Fru"men*ta"ceous (?), a. [L.
frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or grain,
from the root of frux fruit: cf. F.
frumentac\'82. See Frugal.] Made
of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.
Fru`men*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
frumentarius.] Of or pertaining to wheat or
grain. [R.]
Coles.
Fru`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.) A
largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when
uneasy.
Fru"men*ty (?), n. [OF.
froment\'82e, fr. L. frumentum. See
Frumentaceous.] Food made of hulled wheat
boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc. [Written
also furmenty and furmity.]
Halliwell.
Frump (?), v. t. [Cf. Prov. E.
frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D.
frommelen.] To insult; to flout; to mock;
to snub. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Frump, n. 1. A contemptuous
speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old
woman; a gossip. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.
Frump"er (?), n. A
mocker. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Frump"ish, a. 1.
Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]
2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.
Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish.
Foote.
Frush (?), v. t. [F.
froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.]
To batter; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
I like thine armor well;
I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all.
Shak.
Frush, a. Easily broken; brittle;
crisp.
Frush, n. Noise; clatter; crash.
[R.]
Southey.
Frush, n. [Cf. OE. frosch,
frosk, a frog (the animal), G. frosch frog
(the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See
Frog, n., 2.] 1.
(Far.) The frog of a horse's foot.
2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from
the frog of a horse's foot; -- also caled
thrush.
Frus"tra*ble (?), a. [L.
frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.]
Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.
Frus*tra"ne*ous (?), a. [See
Frustrate, a.] Vain; useless;
unprofitable. [Obs.]
South.
Frus"trate (?), a. [L.
frustratus, p. p. of frustrare,
frustrari, to deceive, frustrate, fr.
frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for
frudtra and akin to fraus, E.
fraud.] Vain; ineffectual; useless;
unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. \'bdOur
frustrate search.\'b8
Shak.
Frus"trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Frustrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frustrating.] 1. To bring to
nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to
defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design,
or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.
Shall the adversary thus obtain
His end and frustrate thine ?
Milton.
2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or
of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or
deed.
Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.
Frus"trate*ly (?), adv. In
vain. [Obs.]
Vicars.
Frus*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.]
The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the
frustration of one's designs
Frus"tra*tive (?), a. Tending
to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Frus"tra*to*ry (?), a. [L.
frustrotorius: cf. F. frustratoire.]
Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory
appeal. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Frus"tule (?), n. [L.
frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F.
frustule.] (Bot.) The siliceous
shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping
the other, like a pill box and its cover.
Frus"tu*lent (?), a. [L.
frustulentus. See Frustule.]
Abounding in fragments. [R.]
\'d8Frus"tum (?), n.; pl. L.
Frusta (#), E. Frustums
(#). [L. fruslum piece,
bit.]
1. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the
base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid,
as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be
either parallel or inclined to each other.
2. (Arch.) One of the drums of the shaft
of a column.
Frut"age (?), n. [Cf.
Fruitage.] 1. A picture of fruit;
decoration by representation of fruit.
The cornices consist of frutages and festoons.
Evelyn.
2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.]
Nares.
Fru*tes"cent (?), a. [L.
frulex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F.
frutescent, L. fruticescens, p.
pr.] (Bot.) Somewhat shrubby in
character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of
Wistaria.
\'d8Fru"tex (?), n. [L.]
(Bot.) A plant having a woody, durable stem, but
less than a tree; a shrub.
Fru"ti*cant (?), a. [L.
fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare,
to become bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.]
Full of shoots. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Fru"ti*cose` (?), a. [L.
fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis,
shrub] (Bot.) Pertaining to a shrub or
shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; as, a
fruticose stem.
Gray.
Fru"ti*cous (?), a.
(Bot.) Fruticose. [R.]
Fru*tic"u*lose` (?), a. [Dim.
fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F.
fruticuleux.] (Bot.) Like, or
pertaining to, a small shrub.
Gray.
Fry (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Fried (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Frying.] [OE.
frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast,
parch, fry, cf. Gr. /, Skr. bhrajj. Cf.
Fritter.] To cook in a pan or on a griddle
(esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over
a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry
fish; to fry doughnuts.
Fry, v. i. 1. To undergo the
process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a
frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.
2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.]
With crackling flames a caldron fries.
Dryden
The frothy billows fry.
Spenser.
3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action
accompanied with a sensation of heat.
To keep the oil from frying in the stomach.
Bacon.
4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved.
[Obs.]
What kindling motions in their breasts do fry.
Fairfax.
Ery, n. 1. A dish of anything
fried.
2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a
fry. [Colloq.]
Fry, n. [OE. fri,
fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye
spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L.
fricare tosub (see Friction), but cf. also
Icel. fr\'91, frj\'d3, seed, Sw. & Dan.
fr\'94, Goth. fraiw seed,
descendants.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The young of any
fish.
2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes;
young or small things in general.
The fry of children young.
Spenser.
To sever . . . the good fish from the other
fry.
Milton.
We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small
fry.
Walpole.
Fry"ing, n. The process denoted by the
verb fry.
Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle,
used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.
Fu"age (?), n. Same as
Fumage.
Fu"ar (?), n. Same as
Feuar.
Fub (?), Fubs
(/), n. [Cf. Fob a
pocket.] A plump young person or child.
[Obs.]
Smart.
Fub, v. t. [The same word as
fob to cheat.] To put off by trickery; to
cheat. [Obs.]
I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off,
and fabbed off, from this day to that day.
Shak.
Fub"ber*y (?), n. Cheating;
deception.
Marston.
{ Fub"by (?), Fub"sy (?)
} a. Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a
fubsy sofa. [Eng.]
A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid.
Mme. D'Arblay.
{ Fu"cate (?), Fu"ca*ted
(?) } a. [L. fucatus,
p. p. of fucare to color, paint, fr.
fucus.] Painted; disguised with paint, or
with false show.
\'d8Fuchs (?), n. [G., prop., a
fox.] (German Univ.) A student of the first
year.
Fuch"si*a (?), n.; pl. E.
Fuchsias (#), L. Fuchsl\'91
(#). [NL. Named after Leonard
Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers,
with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single
pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America.
Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.
<-- p. 601 -->
Fuch"sine (?), n. [Named by the
French inventor, from Fuchs a fox, the German
equivalent of his own name, Renard.]
(Chem.) Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar
dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling
cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It
consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See
Rosaniline.
Fu*civ"o*rous (?), a.
[Fucus + L. vorare to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Eating fucus or other seaweeds.
Fu"coid (?), a.
[Fucus + -oid.]
(Bot.) (a) Properly, belonging to an
order of alga: (Fucoide\'91) which are blackish in
color, and produce o\'94spores which are not fertilized until
they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and
the gulfweed (Sargassum) are fucoid in
character. (b) In a vague sense, resembling
seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.
Fu"coid, n. (Bot.) A plant,
whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See
Fucoid, a.
Fu*coid"al (?), a. 1.
(Bot.) Fucoid.
2. (Geol.) Containing impressions of
fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as, fucoidal
sandstone.
Fu"cus (?), n.; pl.
Fuci (#). [L. rock lichen, orchil,
used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]
1. A paint; a dye; also, false show.
[Obs.]
2. (Bot.) A genus of tough, leathery
seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.
fuci.
Fu"cu*sol (?), n.
[Fucus + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.) An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly
identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other
seaweeds.
Fud (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin.] 1. The tail of a hare, coney,
etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Burns.
2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and
shoddy.
Fud"der (?), n. See
Fodder, a weight.
Fuad"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p., Fuddled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling
(?).] [Perh. formed as a kind of dim.
of full. Cf. Fuzzle.] To make foolish by
drink; to cause to become intoxicated.
[Colloq.]
I am too fuddled to take care to observe your
orders.
Steele.
Fud"dle, v. i. To drink to excess.
[Colloq.]
Fud"dler (?), n. A
drunkard. [Colloq.]
Baxter.
Fudge (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F.
fuche, feuche, an interj. of
contempt.] A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug;
-- often an exclamation of contempt.
Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fudging.] 1. To make up; to
devise; to contrive; to fabricate.
Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness.
N. Fairfax.
2. To foist; to interpolate.
That last \'bdsuppose\'b8 is fudged in.
Foote.
Fudge" wheel" (?). (Shoemaking)
A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.
Fu*e"gi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Terra del Fuego. -- n.
A native of Terra del Fuego.
Fu"el (?), n. [OF.
fouail, fuail, or fouaille,
fuaille, LL. focalium, focale,
fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See
Focus.] [Formerly written also
fewel.] 1. Any matter used to produce
heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used
for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.
2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion
or excitement.
Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small
particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps
or blocks.
Fa"el, v. t. 1. To feed with
fuel. [Obs.]
Never, alas I the dreadful name,
That fuels the infernal flame.
Cowley.
2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing.
[Obs.]
Well watered and well fueled.
Sir H. Wotton.
Fu"el*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, supplies fuel. [R.]
[Written also fueller.]
Donne.
\'d8Fu*e"ro (?), n. [Sp., fr.
L. forum.] (Sp. Law) (a)
A code; a charter; a grant of privileges. (b)
A custom having the force of law. (c) A
declaration by a magistrate. (d) A place
where justice is administered. (e) The
jurisdiction of a tribunal.
Burrill.
Fuff (?), v. t. & i. [Of
imitative origin. Cf. Puff.] To puff.
[Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.]
Halliwel.
Fuff"y, a. Light; puffy.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]
\'d8Fu"ga (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) A fugue.
Fu*ga"cious (?), a. [L.
fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf.
F. fugace. See Fugitive.] 1.
Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a
short time; volatile.
Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so
uncertain purchase.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Biol.) Fleeting; lasting but a short
time; -- applied particularly to organs or parts which are
short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.
Fu*ga"cious*ness, n. Fugacity.
[Obs.]
Fu*gac"i*ty (?), a. [L
fugacitas: cf. F. fugacit\'82.]
1. The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness;
volatility; as, fugacity of spirits.
Boyle.
2. Uncertainty; instability.
Johnson.
Fu"ga*cy (?), n.
Banishment. [Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Fu*ga"to (?), a.
(Mus.) in the gugue style, but not strictly like
a fugue. -- n. A composition
resembling a fugue.
Fugh (?), interj. An
exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh.
Dryden.
\'d8Fu*ghet"ta (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) a short, condensed
fugue.
Grove.
Fu"gi*tive (?), a. [OE.
fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L.
fugitivus, fr. fugere to flee. See
Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.]
1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc.,
escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive
solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive
debtor.
The fugitive Parthians follow.
Shak.
Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her
parents are in tear?
Richardson
A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or
fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; --
applied to material and immaterial things; as,
fugitive colors; a fugitive idea.
The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of
vegatables.
Woodward.
Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and
occasional, and so published that they quickly escape
notice.
Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile;
fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.
Fu"gi*tive (?), n. 1.
One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service,
duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from
justice.
2. Something hard to be caught or detained.
Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit.
Harte.
Fugitive from justice (Law), one
who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or
escapes into another to avoid punishment.
Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv. In a fugitive
manner.
Fu"gi*tive*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity;
instability.
Fu"gle (?), v. i. To maneuver;
to move hither and thither. [Colloq.]
Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling
in the
air.
Carlyle.
Fu"gle*man (?), n.; pl.
Fuglemen (#). [G.
fl\'81gelmann file leader; fl\'81gel wing
(akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf.
Flugrelman.] 1. (Mil.) A
soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place
in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in
their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of
the right wing. [Written also
flugelman.]
2. Hence, one who leads the way.
[Jocose]
Fugue (?), n. [F., fr. It.
fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight, akin
to fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.]
(Mus.) A polyphonic composition, developed from a
given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules.
The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then,
while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the
interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts
have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and
interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the
theme is often lost and reappears.
All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like
the parts of a fugue.
Jer. Taylor.
Fu"guist (?), n. (Mus.)
A musician who composes or performs fugues.
Busby.
-ful (?). [See Full,
a.] A suffix signifying full of,
abounding with; as, boastful,
harmful, woeful.
Fu"lahs`, Foo"lahs` (/),
n. pl.; sing. Fulah,
Foolan (/). (Ethnol.)
A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from
the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western
Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are
Mohammedans. Called also Fellatahs,
Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah
is also used adjectively; as, Fulah empire, tribes,
language.
Ful"be (?), n. (Ethnol.)
Same as Fulahs.
Ful"d*ble (?), a. [L.
fulcire to prop.] Capable of being propped
up. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Ful"ci*ment (?), n. [L.
fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.]
A prop; a fulcrum. [Obs.]
Bp. Wilkins.
Ful"cra (?), n. pl. See
Fulcrum.
Ful"crate (?), a. [See
Fulcrum.] 1. (Bot.)
Propped; supported by accessory organs.
[R.]
Gray.
2. Furnished with fulcrums.
Ful"crum (?), n.; pl. L.
Fulcra (#), E. Fulcrums
(#). [L., bedpost, fr. fulcire to
prop.]
1. A prop or support.
2. (Mech.) That by which a lever is
sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a
body.
3. (Bot.) An accessory organ such as a
tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.]
Gray.
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The horny
inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects.
(b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the
front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid
fishes.
5. (Anat.) The connective tissue
supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.
Ful*fill" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fulfilled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulfilling.] [OE. fulfillen,
fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful
full + fyllan to fill. See Full,
a., and Fill, v. t.]
[Written also fulfil.] 1.
To fill up; to make full or complete.
[>Obs.] \'bdFulfill her week\'b8
Gen. xxix. 27.
Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first,
for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to
hounds.
Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).
2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an
intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or
requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the
requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to
effectuate.
He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him.
Ps. cxlv. 199.
Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends.
Milton.
Servants must their masters' minds fulfill.
Shak.
Ful*fill"er (?), n. One who
fulfills.
South.
Ful*fill"ment (?), n. [Written
also fulfilment.]
1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment;
completion; as, the fulfillment of
prophecy.
2. Execution; performance; as, the
fulfillment of a promise.
Fulgen*cy (?), n. [See
fulgent.] Brightness; splendor; glitter;
effulgence.
Bailey.
Ful"gent (?), a. [L.
fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of
fulgere to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. / to
burn. See Phlox, Flagrant.]
Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.
Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore.
Glower.
Ful"gent*ly, adv. Dazzlingly;
glitteringly.
Ful"gid (?), a. [L.
fulgidus. See Fulgent.] Shining;
glittering; dazzling. [R.]
Pope.
Ful*gid"i*ty (?), n. Splendor;
resplendence; effulgence. [R.]
Bailey.
Ful"gor (?), n. [L.
fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.]
Dazzling brightness; splendor. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ful"gu*rant (?) a. [L.
fulgurans, p. pr. of
fulgurare.] Lightening.
[R.]
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Ful"gu*ra"ta (?), n.
[NL.] (Electricity) A spectro-electric
tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an
electric spark is observed.
Knight.
Ful"gu*rate (?), v. i. [L.
fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash,
fr. fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine.
See Fulgent.] To flash as lightning.
[R.]
Ful"gu*ra`ting (?), a.
(Med.) Resembling lightning; -- used to describe
intense lancinating painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.
Ful"gu*ra`tion (?), n. [L.
fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.]
1. The act of lightening. [R.]
Donne.
2. (Assaying) The sudden brightening of
a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the
oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; -- also called
blick.
A phenomenon called, by the old chemists,
fulguration.
Ure.
Ful"gu*rite (?), n. [L.
fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike
with lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F.
fulgurite.] A vitrified sand tube produced
by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the
portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.
Ful"gu*ry (?), n. [L.
fulgur.] Lightning.
[Obs.]
Ful"ham (?), n. [So named
because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in
Middlesex, Eng.) A false die. [Cant]
[Written also fullam.]
Shak.
Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. fuliginosit\'82.] The condition or
quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by
smoke. [R.]
Fu*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L.
fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See
Fume.] 1. Pertaining to soot; sooty;
dark; dusky.
2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.
Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. In a smoky
manner.
Fu"li*mart (?), n. Same as
Foumart.
Full (?), a.
[Compar. Fuller (?);
superl. Fullest.] [OE. & AS.
ful; akin to OS. ful, D. vol,
OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr,
Sw. full, Dan. fuld, Goth.
fulls, L. plenus, Gr. /, Skr.
p/rna full, pr/ to fill, also to Gr.
/ much, E. poly-, pref., G. viel, AS.
fela. Complete, Fill,
Plenary, Plenty.] 1. Filled
up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied;
not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels, and
hence of anything else; as, a cup full of water; a
house full of people.
Had the throne been full, their meeting would not
have been regular.
Blackstone.
2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in.
quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample;
adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a
full voice; a full compensation; a house
full of furniture.
3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete,
entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a
person of full age; a full stop; a
full face; the full moon.
It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that
Pharaoh
dreamed.
Gen. xii. 1.
The man commands
Like a full soldier.
Shak.
I can not
Request a fuller satisfaction
Than you have freely granted.
Ford.
4. Sated; surfeited.
I am full of the burnt offerings of rams.
Is. i. 11.
5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with
knowledge; stored with information.
Reading maketh a full man.
Bacon.
6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed
in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it,
as, to be full of some project.
Every one is full of the miracles done by cold
baths on decayed and weak constitutions.
Locke.
7. Filled with emotions.
The heart is so full that a drop overfills it.
Lowell.
8. Impregnated; made pregnant.
[Obs.]
Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars.
Dryden.
At full, when full or complete.
Shak. -- Full age (Law)
the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority;
-- in England and the United States the age of 21 years.
Abbott. -- Full and by
(Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails
full, and lying as near the wind as poesible. --
Full band (Mus.), a band in which all
the instruments are employed. -- Full binding,
the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as
distinguished from half binding. -- Full bottom,
a kind of wig full and large at the bottom.
-- Full brother ,
a brother or sister having the same parents as another.
-- Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; --
said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue
together. -- Full dress, the dress prescribed
by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of
ceremony. -- Full hand (Poker),
three of a kind and a pair. -- Full moon.
(a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as
when opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the
moon is full. -- Full organ (Mus.),
the organ when all or most stops are out. -- Full
score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts
for voices and instruments are given. -- Full
sea, high water. -- Full swing,
free course; unrestrained liberty; \'bdLeaving corrupt nature
to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own
extravagant actings.\'b8 South (Colloq.) --
In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged;
written out in words, and not indicated by figures. --
In full blast. See under Blast.
<-- p. 602 -->
Full (?), n. Complete measure;
utmost extent; the highest state or degree.
The swan's-down feather,
That stands upon the swell at full of tide.
Shak.
Full of the moon, the time of full
moon.
Full, adv. Quite; to the same degree;
without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect;
thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely.
The pawn I proffer shall be full as good.
Dryden.
The diapason closing full in man.
Dryden.
Full in the center of the sacred wood.
Addison.
Milton. \'bdMaster of a full poor cell.\'b8
Shak. \'bdFull many a gem of purest ray
serene.\'b8 T. Gray.
Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost
extent or degree; as, full-bloomed,
full-blown, full-crammed
full-grown, full-laden,
full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part,
are self-defining.
Full, v. i. To become full or wholly
illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.
Full, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Fulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulling.] [OE. fullen, OF.
fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL.
fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller,
cf. Gr. / shining, white, AS. fullian to whiten as a
fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf.
Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate,
Fuller. n. ] To thicken by
moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make
compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.
Full, v. i. To become fulled or
thickened; as, this material fulls well.
Full"age (?), n. The money or
price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth.
Johnson.
Ful"lam (?), n. A false die.
See Fulham.
Full"-blood`ed (?), a. 1.
Having a full supply of blood.
2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a
full-blooded horse.
Full"-bloomed` (?), a. Like a
perfect blossom. \'bdFull-bloomed lips.\'b8
Crashaw.
Full"-blown` (?), a. 1.
Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun
rose.
Denham.
2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail.
Dryden.
Full"-bot"tomed (?), a. 1.
Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil
officers in Great Britain.
2. (Naut.) Of great capacity below the
water line.
Full"-butt" (?), adv. With
direct and violentop position; with sudden collision.
[Colloq.]
L'Estrange.
Full`-drive" (?), adv. With
full speed. [Colloq.]
Full"er (?), n. [AS.
fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full,
v. t.] One whose occupation is to full
cloth.
Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in
scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. --
Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort
(Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove
stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle (Bot.), the teasel
(Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in
dressing cloth. See Teasel.
Full"er, n. [From Full,
a.] (Blacksmith's Work) A die; a
half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading
iron; -- called also a creaser.
Full"er, v. t. To form a groove or
channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller
a bayonet.
Full"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Fulleries (/). The place or the works
where the fulling of cloth is carried on.
Full"-formed` (?), a. Full in
form or shape; rounded out with flesh.
The full-formed maids of Afric.
Thomson.
Full"-grown` (?), a. Having
reached the limits of growth; mature.
\'bdFull-grown wings.\'b8
Lowell.
Full"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of
courage or confidence.
Shak.
Full"-hot` (?), a. Very
fiery.
Shak.
Full"ing, n. The process of cleansing,
shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and
pressure.
Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by
means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and
rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and
fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.
Full"-manned` (?), a.
Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.
Full"mart" (?), n. See
Foumart.
B. Jonson.
Full"ness, n. The state of being full,
or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written
also fulness.]
\'bdIn thy presence is fullness of joy.\'b8
Ps. xvi. 11.
Ful*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L.
fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.]
Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.]
Blount.
Full"-orbed` (/), a. Having
the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full
moon.
Full"-sailed` (?), a. Having
all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or
reservation.
Massinger.
Full"-winged` (?), a. 1.
Having large and strong or complete wings.
Shak.
2. Beady for flight; eager.
[Archaic]
Beau. & Fl.
Ful"ly (?), adv. In a full
manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect;
adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the
truth of a proposition.
Fully committed (Law), committed to
prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for
examination.
Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly;
abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently;
perfectly.
Ful"mar (f, n.
[Icel. f. See foul, and
Man a gull.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several species of sea birds, of the family
procellariid\'91, allied to the albatrosses and
petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar
(Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar
petrel, malduck, and
mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga
gigantea).
Ful"mi*nant (?), a. [L.
fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare
to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.] Thundering;
fulminating. [R.]
Bailey.
Ful"mi*nate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fulminated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulminating.] [L.
fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten,
strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr.
fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf.
Fulmine.] 1. To thunder; hence, to
make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent
report.
2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with
the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth
menaces.
Ful"mi*nate, v. t. 1. To cause
to explode.
Sprat.
2. To utter or send out with denunciations or
censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by
ecclesiastical authority.
They fulminated the most hostile of all
decrees.
De Quincey.
Ful"mi*nate (?), n. [Cf. P.
fulminate. See Fulminate, v.
i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of
fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b)
A fulminating powder.
Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of
gold; -- called also fulminating
gold, and aurum
fulminans.
Ful"mi*na"ting (?), a. 1.
Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent
manner.
2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or
censures.
Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. --
Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently
explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as
mercuric fulminate.
Ful"mi*na`tion (?), n. [L.
fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F.
fulmination.] 1. The act of
fulminating or exploding; detonation.
2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures,
as with authority.
3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth;
vehement menace or censure.
The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into
ridicule.
Ayliffe.
Ful"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
fulminatoire.] Thundering; striking
terror.
Cotgrave.
Ful"mine (?), v. i. [F.
fulminer. See Fulminate, v.]
To thunder. [Obs.]
Spenser. Milton.
Ful"mine, v. t. To shoot; to dart like
lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or
vehemence.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique.
Tennyson.
Ful*min"e*ous (?), a. [L.
fulmen thunder.] Of, or concerning thunder.
Ful*mia"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
fulminique.] Pertaining to fulmination;
detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to,
derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic
acid.
Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex
acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and
cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a
large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these,
mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter,
to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. -- Fulminic acid
is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.
Ful"mi*nu"ric (?), a.
[Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating
an acid so called.
Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, explosive subatance, H3C3N3O3,
forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is
isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric
acid.
Fal"ness (?), n. See
Fullness.
Ful*sam"ic (?), a. [See
Fulsome.] Fulsome. [Obs.]
Ful"some (?), a.
[Full, a. + -some.] 1.
Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled.
[Obs.]
His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew
fulsome, fair, and fresh.
Golding.
2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess,
or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from
excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery.
And lest the fulsome artifice should fail
Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil.
Cowper.
3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to
obscenity. [Obs.] \'bdFulsome ewes.\'b8
Shak.
-- Ful"some*ly, adv. --
Ful"some*ness, n.
Dryden.
Ful"vid (?), a. [LL.
fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.]
Fulvous. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Ful"vous (?), a. [L.
fulvus.] Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture
of gray and brown.
Lindley.
Fum (?), v. i. To play upon a
fiddle. [Obs.]
Follow me, and fum as you go.
B. Jonson.
Fu*ma"cious (?), a. [From
Fume.] Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to
smoking tobacco.
Fu*made" (?), Fu*ma"do
(/), n.; pl. Fumades
(#), Fumadoes (#). [Sp.
fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr.
L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.]
A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.
Fu"mage (?), n. [OF.
fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus
smoke.] Hearth money.
Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke
farthings.
Blackstone.
Fu"ma*rate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of fumaric acid.
Fu*mar"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria
officinalis).
Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely
occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white
crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and
produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of
malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland
moss, and hence was also called lichenic
acid.
Fu"ma*rine (?), n. [L.
fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.) An
alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline
substance.
Fu"ma*role (?), n. [It.
fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L.
fumus: cf. F. fumerolle,
fumarolle.] A hole or spot in a volcanic or
other region, from which fumes issue.
Fu"ma*to*ry (?), n. See
Fumitory. [Obs.]
Fum"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Fumbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling
(?).] [Akin to D. fommelen
to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble,
famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope,
fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm
palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble,
Palm.] 1. To feel or grope about; to
make awkward attempts to do or find something.
Adams now began to fumble in his pockets.
Fielding.
2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly;
as, to fumble for an excuse.
Dryden.
My understanding flutters and my memory
fumbles.
Chesterfield.
Alas! how he fumbles about the domains.
Wordsworth.
3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over
and over.
I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with
flowers.
Shak.
Fum"ble, v. t. To handle or manage
awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together.
Shak.
Fum"bler (?), n. One who
fumbles.
Fum"bling*ly (?), adv. In the
manner of one who fumbles.
Fume (?), n. [L.
fumus; akin to Skr. dh/ma smoke,
dh/ to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. / to sacrifice,
storm, rage, /, /, thyme, and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF.
fum smoke, F. fum\'82e. Cf. Dust,
n., Femerell, Thyme.]
1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor
or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as,
the fumes of tobacco.
The fumes of new shorn hay.
T. Warton.
The fumes of undigested wine.
Dryden.
2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of
self-control; as, the fumes of passion.
South.
3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy;
idle conceit; vain imagination.
A show of fumes and fancies.
Bacon.
4. The incense of praise; inordinate
flattery.
To smother him with fumes and eulogies.
Burton.
In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from
impatience.
Fume, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fuming.] [Cf. F. fumer, L.
fumare to smoke. See Fume,
n.] 1. To smoke; to throw off
fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as
vapor.
Where the golden altar fumed.
Milton.
Silenus lay,
Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain.
Roscommon.
2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and
stupefied.
Keep his brain fuming.
Shak.
3. To pass off in fumes or vapors.
Their parts pre kept from fuming away by their
fixity.
Cheyne.
4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the
ground.
Dryden.
While her mother did fret, and her father did
fume.
Sir W. Scott.
To tame away, to give way to excitement and
displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.
Fume, e. t. 1. To expose to the
action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to
bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill
with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.
She fumed the temple with an odorous flame.
Dryden.
2. To praise inordinately; to flatter.
They demi-deify and fume him so.
Cowper.
3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of
vapor.
The heat will fume away most of the scent.
Montimer.
How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain!
Young.
Fume"less, a. Free from fumes.
Fum"er (?), n. 1. One
that fumes.
2. One who makes or uses perfumes.
[Obs.]
Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers.
Beau. & Fl.
Fu"mer*ell (?), n.
(Arch.) See Femerell.
Fu"met (?), n. [Cf. F.
fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L.
fimus dung.] The dung of deer.
B. Jonson.
{ Fu"met (?) \'d8Fu*mette"
(?), } n. [F. fumet
odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus
smoke. See Fume, n.] The stench or
high flavor of game or other meat when kept long.
Swift.
Fu"me*tere" (?), n.
Fumitory. [Obs.]
Fu"mid (?), a. [L.
fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See
Fume.] Smoky; vaporous.
Sir T. Broune.
{ Fu*mid"i*ty (?), Fu"mid*ness
(?) } n. The state of being fumid;
smokiness.
Fu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to
bear.] Producing smoke.
Fu*mif"u*gist (?), n. [L.
fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight,
fugere to flee.] One who, or that which, drives away
smoke or fumes.
Fu"mi*fy (?), v. t.
[Fume + -fy.] To subject to
the action of smoke. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fu"mi*gant (?), a. [L.
fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare.
See Fumigate.] Fuming.
[R.]
Fu"mi*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fumigated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating
(?).] [L. fumigate, p. p. of
fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See
Fume, n.] 1. To apply
smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from
infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.
2. To smoke; to perfume.
Dryden.
Fum`iga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
fumigation.]
1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or
vapor, as for disinfection.
2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.
Fu"mi*ga`tor (?), n. One who,
or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.
Fu"mi*ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
fumigatoire.] Having the quality of
purifying by smoke. [R.]
<-- p. 603 -->
Fum"l*ly (?), adv. Smokily;
with fume.
Fum"ing, a. Producing fumes, or
vapors.
Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.),
alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libsvius
(Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of
tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid
which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to
the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric
acid. (Chem.) Same as
Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.
Fum"ing*ly, adv. In a fuming manner;
angrily. \'bdThey answer fumingly.\'b8
Hooker.
Fam"ish, a. Smoky; hot; choleric.
Fum"ish*ness, n. Choler; fretfulness;
passion.
Fu"mi*tez` (?), n. (Bot.)
Fumitory. [Obs.]
Fu"mi*to*ry (?), n. [OE.
fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the
ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth.
See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.)
The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria,
annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and
small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F.
officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as
an antiscorbutic.
Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the
Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing
plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty
white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.
Fum"mel (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A hinny.
Fu*mos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. OF.
fumosit\'82.] The fumes of drink.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fum"ous (?), a. [L.
fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F.
fumeux.] 1. Producing smoke;
smoky.
2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.
Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.
Barough (1625).
Fum"y (?), a. Producing fumes;
fumous. \'bdDrowned in fumy wine.\'b8
H. Brooke.
Fun (?), n. [Perh. of Celtic
origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.]
Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. \'bdOddity,
frolic, and fun.\'b8
Goldsmith.
To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into,
ridicule.
Fu*nam"bu*late (?), v. i. [See
Funambulo.] To walk or to dance on a
rope.
Fu*nam"bu*la`tion (?), n.
Ropedancing.
Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry (?), a.
1. Performing like a ropedancer.
Chambers.
2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.
This funambulatory track.
Sir T. Browne.
Fu*nam"bu*list (?), n. A
ropewalker or ropedancer.
{ \'d8Fu*nam"bu*lo (?),
\'d8Fu*nam"bu*lus (?) } n.
[Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr.
L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E.
bind) + ambulare to walk. See
Amble, and cf. Funambulist.] A
ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Func"tion (?), n. [L.
functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute,
akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F.
fonction. Cf. Defunct.] 1.
The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or
calling; per formance. \'bdIn the function of
his public calling.\'b8
Swift.
2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of
any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism;
as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the
function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of
the functions of the various organs and parts of the
body.
3. The natural or assigned action of any power or
faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an
energy of some determinate kind.
As the mind opens, and its functions spread.
Pope.
4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains
to any public officer in church or state; the activity
appropriate to any business or profession.
Tradesmen . . . going about their functions.
Shak.
The malady which made him incapable of performing his
regal functions.
Macaulay.
5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with
another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter
there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each
quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus,
the circumference of a circle is a function of the
diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical
values can be assigned, such expressions as x2,
3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all
functions of x.
Algebraic function, a quantity whose
connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that
involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and
extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental
function. -- Arbitrary function. See
under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of
functions. See under Calculus. --
Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a
relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of
heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately
equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by
the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air
thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. --
Circular functions. See Inverse
trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function,
a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real
values, as the variable changes between any specified
limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under
Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions,
a large and important class of functions, so called because
one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse
to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit
function, a quantity directly expressed in
terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the
equations y = 6x2, y = 10
-x3, the quantity y is an explicit
function of x. -- Implicit function,
a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed
indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation
x2 + y2 = 100 is an
implicit function of x. -- Inverse
trigonometrical functions, Circular
function, the lengths of arcs relative to
the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD,
and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin
-1x, and so of the other lines. See
Trigonometrical function (below). Other
transcendental functions are the exponential functions,
the elliptic functions, the gamma functions,
the theta functions, etc. --
One-valued function, a quantity that has
one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. --
Transcendental functions, a quantity whose
connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic
operations; thus, y in the equation y =
10x is a transcendental function of
x. See Algebraic function (above). --
Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose
relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain
straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the
length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in
a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let
OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel
to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine
of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is
the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the
versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the
length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then
the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the
trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin
x, cos x, tan x (or tang
x), cot x, sec x, cosec
x, versin x, coversin x. These
quantities are also considered as functions of the angle
BOA.
{ Func"tion (?), Func"tion*ate
(?), } v. i. To execute or perform
a function; to transact one's regular or appointed
business.
Func"tion*al (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty;
official.
2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function
of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.
Functional disease (Med.), a
disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any
appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an
organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself
opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself
is affected.
Func"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To
assign to some function or office. [R.]
Func"tion*al*ly, adv. In a functional
manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.
The organ is said to be functionally
disordered.
Lawrence.
Func"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Functionaries (#). [Cf. F.
fonctionnaire.] One charged with the
performance of a function or office; as, a public
functionary; secular functionaries.
Func"tion*less, a. Destitute of
function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.
Fund (?), n. [OF.
font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom,
ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds
fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece
of land. See Found to establish.] 1.
An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies
are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining
existence.
2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated
as the foundation of some commercial or other operation
undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which
expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a
bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation,
etc.
3. pl. The stock of a national debt;
public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to
government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals;
-- called also public funds.
4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a
specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical
society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor
students; also, money systematically collected to meet the
expenses of some permanent object.
5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at
pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a
fund of wisdom or good sense.
An inexhaustible fund of stories.
Macaulay.
Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money
set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the
extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation,
by the accumulation of interest.
Fund, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Funding.] 1. To provide and
appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the
interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a
pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of
or principal of; as, to fund government
notes.
2. To place in a fund, as money.
3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing
regular interest; as, to fund the floating
debt.
Fund"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into
bonds.
Fun"da*ment (?), n. [OE.
fundament, fundement, fondement,
OF. fundement, fondement, F.
fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation,
fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr.
fundus bottom. See Fund.] 1.
Foundation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. The part of the body on which one sits; the
buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus.
Hume.
Fun`da*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
fondamental.] Pertaining to the foundation
or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an
element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary;
as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental
axiom.
The fundamental reasons of this war.
Shak.
Some fundamental antithesis in nature.
Whewell.
Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root
note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones
of the chords. -- Fundamental chord
(Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its
root. -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and
violet-blue. See Primary colors, under
Color.
Fun"da*men`tal, n. A leading or primary
principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork
of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of
the Christian faith.
Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv. Primarily;
originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin
or constituents. \'bdFundamentally
defective.\'b8
Burke.
Fund"ed (?), a. 1.
Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest;
as, funded debt.
2. Invested in public funds; as, funded
money.
Fund"hold"er (?), a. One who
has money invested in the public funds.
J. S. Mill.
Fund"ing, a. 1. Providing a
fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a
debt.
2. Investing in the public funds.
Funding system, a system or scheme of finance
or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or
principal of a public debt.
Funu"less, a. Destitute of funds.
\'d8Fun"dus (?), n. [L.,
bottom.] (Anat.) The bottom or base of any
hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the
fundus of the eye.
Fu*ne"bri*al (?), a. [L.
funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus
funeral.] Pertaining to a funeral or funerals;
funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also
funebral.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fu*ne"bri*ous (?), a.
Funebrial. [Obs.]
Fu"ner*al (?), n. [LL.
funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of
a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral:
cf. F. fun\'82railles.] 1. The
solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body,
whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise;
esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies;
burial; -- formerly used in the plural.
King James his funerals were performed very
solemnly in the
collegiate church at Westminster.
Euller.
2. The procession attending the burial of the dead;
the show and accompaniments of an interment. \'bdThe long
funerals.\'b8
Pope.
3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the
plural. [Obs.]
Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals.
South.
Fu"ner*al, a. [LL. funeralis.
See Funeral, n.] Per. taining to a
funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as,
funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies.
Shak.
Funeral pile, a structure of combustible
material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to
ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.
-- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Fu"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L.
funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate,
fr. funus. See Funeral.] To bury
with funeral rites. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Fu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L.
funeratio.] The act of burying with funeral
rites. [Obs.]
Knatchbull.
Fu*ne"re*al (?), a. [L.
funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.]
Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence:
Dark; dismal; mournful.
Jer. Taylor.
What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be
heaven's distant lamps.
Longfellow.
-- Fu*ne"re*al*ly,
adv.
Fu*nest" (?), a. [L.
funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction:
cf. F. funeste.] Lamentable; doleful.
[R.] \'bdFunest and direful deaths.\'b8
Coleridge.
A forerunner of something very funest.
Evelyn.
Fun"gal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to fungi.
Fun"gate (?), n. [Cf. F.
fongate.] (Chem.) A salt of
fungic acid. [Formerly written also
fungiate.]
Funge (?), n. [L.
fungus mushroom, dolt.] A blockhead; a
dolt; a fool. [Obs.]
Burton.
Fun"gi (?), n. pl. (Bot.)
See Fungus.
\'d8Fun"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so
called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating
plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen
inches in diameter.
Fun"gi*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Fungid\'91, a family of stony corals. --
n. One of the
Fungid\'91.
Fun"gi*bles (?), n. pl. [LL.
(res) fungibiles, probably fr. L.
fungi to discharge. \'bdA barbarous term, supposed to
have originated in the use of the words functionem
recipere in the Digeste.\'b8 Bouvier. \'bdCalled
fungibiles, quia una alterius vice
fungitur.\'b8 John Taylor (1755). Cf.
Function.] 1. (Civ. Law)
Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as
distinguished from specific things; -- called also
fungible things.
Burrill.
2. (Scots Law) Movable goods which may
be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those
which must be judged of individually.
Jamieson.
Fun"gic (?), a. [L.
fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique,
fongique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.
Fun"gi*cide` (?), n.
[Fungi + -cide, fr. L.
caedere to kill.] Anything that kills
fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal (#),
n.
Fun"gi*form (?), a.
[Eungus + -form: cf. F.
fongiforme.] Shaped like a fungus or
mushroom.
Fungiform papill\'91 (Anat.),
numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the
tongue.
Fun*gil"li*form (?), a. Shaped
like a small fungus.
Fun"gin (?), n. [L.
fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine,
fungine.] (Chem.) A name
formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and
mushrooms.
Fun"gite (?), n. [L.
fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.]
(Paleon.) A fossil coral resembling Fungia.
Fun*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
fungus + vorare to eat freedily: cf. F.
fangivore.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating
fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.
Fun"goid (?), a.
[Fungus + -oil: cf. F.
fongo\'8bde.] Like a fungus; fungous;
spongy.
Fun*gol"o*gist (?), n. A
mycologist.
Fun*gol"o*gy (?), n.
[Fungus + --logy.]
Mycology.
Fun*gos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
fungosit\'82, fongosit\'82.] The
quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence.
Dunglison.
Fun"gous (?), a. [L.
fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.]
1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.
<-- p. 604 -->
2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or
durable.
Fun"gus (?), n.; pl. L.
Fungi (#), E. Funguses
(#). [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a
doubtful Gr. / sponge, for / ;if so, cf. E.
sponge.] 1. (Bot.) Any
one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes
of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts,
mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.
2. (Med.) A spongy, morbid growth or
granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds.
Hoblyn.
Fu"nic (?), a. (Anat.)
Funicular.
Fu"ni*cle (?), n. [L.
funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F.
funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf.
Funambulo.] (Bot.) 1. A
small cord, ligature, or fiber.
2. (Bot.) The little stalk that attaches
a seed to the placenta.
Fu*nic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
funiculaire.]
1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.
2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a funiculus;
made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a
funicular ligament.
Funicular action (Mech.), the force
or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to
which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in
a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow.
-- Funicular curve. Same as
Catenary. -- Funicular machine
(Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain
principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at
one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a
pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights
are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support
and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon
(Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord
fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different
points.
Fu*nic"u*late (?), a. Forming a
narrow ridge.
\'d8Fu*nic"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Funiculi (#). [L., a little cord.
See Funicle.] 1. (Anat.) A cord,
baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of
fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to
different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal
cord.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A short cord
which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the
amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending
back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and
Phylactolema.
Fu*nil"i*form (?), a. [L.
funis rope + -form.]
(Bot.) Resembling a cord in toughness and
flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.
\'d8Fu"nis (?), n. [L., a rope.
] A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel
string.
Funk (?), n. [OE.
funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk
touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth.
f/n fire.] An offensive smell; a
stench. [Low]
Funk, v. t. To envelop with an offensive
smell or smoke. [Obs.]
King.
Funk, v. i. 1. To emit an
offensive smell; to stink.
2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch;
as, to funk at the edge of a precipice.
[Colloq.]
C. Kingsley.
To funk out, to back out in a cowardly
fashion. [Colloq.]
To funk right out o' political strife.
Lowell (Biglow Papers).
{ Funk, Funk"ing, } n.
A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.]
\'bdThe horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call
it).\'b8
De Quincey.
Funk"y (?), a. Pertaining to,
or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq.
Eng.]
Fun"nel (?), n. [OE.
funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L.
fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr.
infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to
pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel
air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.]
1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow
cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids
into a close vessel; a tunnel.
2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing
substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney
of a steamship or the like.
Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus
for collecting finely crushed ore from water.
Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.),
one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's
funnel.
Fun"nel*form` (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel;
that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the
corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.
Fun"ny (?), a.
[Compar. Funnier (?);
superl. Funniest.] [From
Fun.] Droll; comical; amusing;
laughable.
Funny bone. See crazy bone, under
Crazy.
Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies
(/). A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for
sculling. [Eng.]
Fur (?), n. [OE.
furre, OF. forre, fuerre,
sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar
lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel.
f//r lining, Goth. f/dr, scabbard;
cf. Skr. p/tra vessel, dish. The German and Icel.
words also have the sense, fodder, but this was
probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food,
Fother, v. t., Forel,
n.]
1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals,
growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which
is longer and coarser.
2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur;
peltry; as, a cargo of furs.
3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on
garments for warmth or for ornament.
4. pl. Articles of clothing made of
fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet,
or cape, muff, etc.).
Wrapped up in my furs.
Lady M. W. Montagu.
5. Any coating considered as resembling fur;
as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the
tongue in persons affected with fever. (b)
The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach.
(c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers
and other vessels by hard water.
6. (Her.) One of several patterns or
diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according
to some writers, only six.
See Tincture.
Fur (?), a. Of or pertaining to
furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the
fur trade.
Fur seal (Zo\'94l.) one of several
species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and
Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the
Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is
highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus
ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands,
off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea
bear.
Fur, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Furred (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furring.] 1. To line, face, or
cover with fur; as, furred robes. \'bdYou
fur your gloves with reason.\'b8
Shak.
2. To cover with morbid matter, as the
tongue.
3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger
scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or
boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the
plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of
protection against damp.
Gwill.
Fu*ra"cious (?), a. [L.
furax, -racis thievish, from fur
thief.] Given to theft; thievish.
[Obs.]
Fu*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
furacitas.] Addictedness to theft; thievishness.
[Obs.]
Fur"be*low (?), n. [Prov. F.
farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It.
falbal\'85.] A plaited or gathered flounce
on a woman's garment.
Fur"he*low, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Furbelowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Furbelowing.] To put a
furbelow on; to ornament.
Fur"bish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Furbished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furbishing.] [OE.
forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir,
fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG.
furban to clean. See -ish.] To rub
or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish
a sword or spear.
Shak.
Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt.
Shak.
Fur"bish*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being furbished.
Fur"bish*er (?), n. [Cf. F.
fourbisseur.] One who furbishes; esp., a
sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar
weapons.
{ Fur"cate (?), Fur"ca*ted
(?), } a. [L. furca
fork. See Fork.] Forked; branching like a
fork; as, furcate twigs.
Fur*ca"tion (?), n. A branching
like a. fork.
Fur*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca
fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment +
ferre to bear.] Rascally; scandalous.
[R.] \'bdFurciferous knaves.\'b8
De Quincey.
\'d8Fur"cu*la (?), n. [L., a
forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.]
(Anat.) A forked process; the wishbone or
furculum.
Fur"cu*lar (?), a. Shaped like
a fork; furcate.
\'d8Fur"cu*lum (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.)
The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united
clavicles.
Fur"dle (?), v. t. [See
Fardel, and cf. Furl.] To draw up
into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]
\'d8Fur"fur (?), n. [L.]
Scurf; dandruff.
Fur"fu*ra"ceous (?), a. [L.
furfuraceus.] Made of bran; like bran;
scurfy.
Fur"fu*ran (?), n. [L.
furfur bran.] (Chem.) A
colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by
distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of
pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also
tetraphenol.<-- = furan -->
Fur"fu*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
furfur bran, scurf.] Falling of scurf from
the head; desquamation.
Fur"fu*rine (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline base, obtained
indirectly from furfurol.
Fur"fu*rol (?), n. [L.
furfur bran + oleum oil.]
(Chem.) A colorless oily liquid,
C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the
distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde
derivative of furfuran; -- called also
furfural.
Fur"fu*rous (?), a. Made of
bran; furfuraceous. [R.]
\'bdFurfurous bread.\'b8
Sydney Smith.
Fu"ri*al (?), a. [L.
furialis: cf. OF. furial.]
Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Fu`ri*bun"dal (?), a. [L.
furibundus, fr. furere to rage.]
Full of rage. [Obs.]
G. Harvey.
Fu"ries (?), n. pl. See
Fury, 3.
Fu"rile (?), n.
[Furfurol + benzile.]
(Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance,
(C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of
furoin. [Written also furil.]
Fu*ril"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as,
furilic acid.
\'d8Fu"ri*o"so (?), a.& adv.
[It.] (Mus.) With great force or
vigor; vehemently.
Fu"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F.
furieux. See Fury.] 1.
Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a
furious animal.
2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence;
as, a furious stream; a furious wind or
storm.
Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent;
tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.
-- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Furl (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Furld (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.]
[Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle:
cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to
pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf.
Farl.] To draw up or gather into close
compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or
mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it
there by a gasket or line. Totten.
Fur"long (?), n. [OE.
furlong, furlang, AS. furlang,
furlung, prop., the length of a furrow;
furh furrow + lang long. See
Furrow, and Long, a.] A
measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two
hundred and twenty yards.
Fur"lough (?), n. [Prob. fr. D.
verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the
root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov,
Sw. f\'94rlof, G. verlaub permission. See
Life, a.] (Mil.) Leave
of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to
be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document
granting leave of absence.
Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Furloughed (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Furloughing.] (Mil.)
To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as
to an offcer or soldier.
{ Fur"mon*ty (?), Fur"mi*ty
(?) } n. Same as
Frumenty.
Fur"nace (?), n. [OE.
fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise,
F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to
furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.]
1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by
the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals,
for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron
furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass
furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
wind or
air. furnaces when the fire is urged only
by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the
fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current
of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame,
in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof
upon the materials operated upon.
2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or
great trial; severe experience or discipline.
Deut. iv. 20.
Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for
roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge,
Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge,
n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam , the oxide of zinc which accumulates in
the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores.
Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron
Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the
mouth of a blast furnace.
Fur"nace, n. 1. To throw out,
or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.
[Obs. or R.]
He furnaces
The thick sighe from him.
Shak.
Fur"ni*ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
fourniment. See Furnish.]
Furniture. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Fur"nish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Furnished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furnishing.] [OF. furnir,
fornir, to furnish, finish, F.
fournir; akin to Pr. formir,
furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr.
OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E.
frame. See Frame, v. t., and
-ish.] 1. To supply with anything
necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit
out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with
provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to
furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with
ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to
furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a
house.
That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly
furnished
unto all good works.
2 Tim. iii. 17,
2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to
give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the
hungry: to furnish arms for defense.
Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering
unto that
number.
Is. lxv. 11.
His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs
that he was not a man of strong sense.
Macaulay.
Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as
a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.]
Greene.
Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who
supplies or fits out.
Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act
of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture.
[Obs.]
Daniel.
Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F.
fourniture. See Furnish, v.
t.] 1. That with which anything is
furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.
The form and all the furniture of the earth.
Tillotson.
The thoughts which make the furniture of their
minds.
M. Arnold.
2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a
house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets,
curtains, pictures, vases, etc.
3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a
machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a)
(Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship.
(b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun.
(c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and
window trimmings. (d) (Print)
Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type,
placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the
quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the
chase.
4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an
organ; -- sometimes called mixture.
Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See
Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless,
crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from
furfurol.
Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.]
Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.
<-- p. 605 -->
Fur"ri*er (?), n. [Cf. F.
fourreur.] A dealer in furs; one who makes
or sells fur goods.
Fur"ri*er*y (?), n. 1.
Furs, in general.
Tooke.
2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.
Fur"ring (?), n. 1.
(Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface,
or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or
of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3.
(b) The strips thus laid on.
2. (Shipbuilding) Double planking of a
ship's side.
3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a
boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.
Fur"row (?), n. [OE.
forow, forgh, furgh, AS.
furh; akin to D. voor, OHG.
furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw.
f/ra, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge
between two furrows.] 1. A trench in the
earth made by, or as by, a plow.
2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or
metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of
age.
Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed
land. Shak. -- To draw a straight
furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the
right line of duty. Lowell.
Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Furrowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Furrowing.] [From
Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.]
1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow;
as, to furrow the ground or sea.
Shak.
2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.
Thou canst help time to furrow me with age.
Shak.
Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears.
Byron.
Fur"row*y (?), a.
Furrowed. [R.]
Tennyson.
Fur"ry (?), a. [From
Fur.] 1. Covered with fur; dressed
in fur. \'bdFurry nations.\'b8
Thomson.
2. Consisting of fur; as, furry
spoils.
Dryden.
3. Resembling fur.
Fur"ther (?), adv. [A
comparative of forth; OE. further, forther,
AS. fur/or, far/ur; akin to G.
f\'81rder. See Forth, adv.]
To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See
Farther.
Carries us, I know not how much further, into
familiar company.
M. Arnold.
They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no
further.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Further off, not so near; apart by a greater
distance.
Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive
wanting; superl. Furthest.]
1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in
advance; farther; as, the further end of the field. See
Farther.
2. Beyond; additional; as, a further
reason for this opinion; nothing further to
suggest.
further and farther
are in general not differentiated by writers, but
further is preferred by many when application to
quantity or degree is implied.
Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Furthered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Furthering.] [OE.
furthren, forthren, AS.
fyr, fyr. See
Further, adv.] To help forward; to
promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.
This binds thee, then, to further my design.
Dryden.
I should nothing further the weal public.
Robynsom (More's Utopia).
Fur"ther*ance (?), n. The act
of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement;
progress.
I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your
furthersnce and joy of faith.
Phil. i. 25.
Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent
deeds, but of doing.
Emerson.
Far"ther*er (?), n. One who
furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter.
Shak.
Fur"ther*more" (?), adv. or
conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.
Fur"ther*most" (?), a. Most
remote; furthest.
Fur"ther*some (?), a. Tending
to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous.
[R.]
You will not find it furthersome.
Carlyle.
Fur"thest (?), a. superl. Most
remote; most in advance; farthest. See Further,
a.
Fur"thest, adv. At the greatest
distance; farthest.
Fur"tive (?), a. [L.
furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr.
fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F.
furtif. See Fertile.] Stolen;
obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy;
as, a furtive look.
Prior.
A hasty and furtive ceremony.
Hallam.
Fur"tive*ly, adv. Stealthily by
theft.
Lover.
Fu"run*cle (?), n. [L.
furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of
fur thief: cf. F. furoncle.]
(Med.) A superficial, inflammatory tumor,
suppurating with a central core; a boil.
Fa*run"cu*lar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of
furuncles.
Fu"ry (?), n. [L.
fur.] A thief. [Obs.]
Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies.
J. Fleteher.
Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies
(#). [L. furia, fr.
furere to rage: cf. F. furie. Cf.
Furor.] 1. Violent or extreme
excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm. Her wit began
to be with a divine fury inspired.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes
applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity;
violence. \'bdFury of the wind.\'b8
Shak.
I do oppose my patience to his fury.
Shak.
3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging
deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Meg\'91ra; the Erinyes or
Eumenides.
The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice,
and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish
him.
Emerson.
4. One of the Parc\'91, or Fates, esp.
Atropos. [R.]
Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears,
And slits the thin-spun life.
Milton.
5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a
vixen; a virago; a termagant.
Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage;
vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See
Anger.
Furze (?), n. [OE.
firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.)
A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex Europ\'91us), with
beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills
of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and
whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex
nanus.
Furze"chat" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The whinchat; -- called also
furzechuck.
Furze"ling (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An English warbler (Melizophilus
provincialis); -- called also furze
wren, and Dartford warbler.
Furz"en (?), a. Furzy;
gorsy. [Obs.]
Holland.
Furz"y (?), a. a.bounding in,
or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze.
Gay.
\'d8Fu"sain" (?), n. [F., the
spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.] (Eine
Arts) (a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used
as a drawing implement. (b) A drawing made
with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and
Charcoal drawing, under Charcoal.
Fu"sa*role (?), n. [F.
fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr.
fuso spindle, shaft of a column. See Fusee a
conical wheel.] (Arch.) A molding generally
placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.
Fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr.
fuscus dark.] A darkening; obscurity;
obfuscation. [R.]
Blount.
Fus"cin (?), n. [L.
fuscus dark-colored, tawny.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the
retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.
Fus"cine (?), n. (Chem.)
A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal
oil. [R.]
Fus"cous (?), a. [L.
fuscus.] Brown or grayish black;
darkish.
Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep
purple
and the like.
Burke.
Fuse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fused
(fuzd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fusing.] [L. fusus, p. p. of
fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to
cast, and cf. Futile.] 1. To
liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt.
2. To unite or blend, as if melted together.
Whose fancy fuses old and new.
Tennyson.
Fuse, v. i. 1. To be reduced
from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to
melt.
2. To be blended, as if melted together.
Fusing point, the degree of temperature at
which a substance melts; the point of fusion.
Fuse, n. [For fusee,
fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery,
Mining, etc.) A tube or casing filled with combustible
matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in
blasting; -- called also fuzee. See
Fuze.
Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for
the reception of the fuse. Farrow.
Fu*see" (?), n. [See 2d
Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.]
1. A flintlock gun. See 2d Fusil.
[Obs.]
2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.
3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or
cigar.
<-- 4. A red signal flare. It is used esp. as a warning signal
for trains or road vehicles, indicating an obstruction or
accident ahead.
5. (Railroad) A small packet of explosive
material with wire appendages allowing it to be conveniently
attached to a railroad track. It will explode with a loud report
when run over by a train, and is used to provide a warning signal
to the engineer. -->
Fu*see", n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
The track of a buck.
Ainsworth.
Fu*see", n. [F. fus\'82e a
spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr. fusare
to use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.]
(a) The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock,
designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the
chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral
groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the
diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may
correspond with the degree of tension of the spring.
(b) A similar wheel used in other machinery.
Fu"sel (?), n., Fu"sel
oil. [G. fusel bad liquor.]
(Chem.) A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying
many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as
an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the
higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl
alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.
Fu"si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
fusibilit\'82.] The quality of being
fusible.
Fu"si*ble (?), a. [F.
fusible. See Fuse, v. t.]
CapabIe of being melted or liquefied.
Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals
capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts
of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a
temperature below that of boiling water. Ure. --
Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of
easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to
melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.
Fu"si*form (?), a. [L.
fusus spindle + -form: cf. F.
fusiforme.] Shaped like a spindle; tapering
at each end; as, a fusiform root; a
fusiform cell.
Fu"sil (?), a. [L.
fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere,
fusum, to pour, cast. See Fuse, v.
t.] 1. Capable of being melted or
rendered fluid by heat; fusible. [R.] \'bdA
kind of fusil marble\'b8
Woodward.
2. Running or flowing, as a liquid.
[R.] \'bdA fusil sea.\'b8
J. Philips.
3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast;
founded. [Obs.]
Milton.
Fu"sil (?), n. [F.
fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling
fire, from L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LLL. fire.
See Focus, and cf. Fusee a firelock.]
A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.
Fu"sil, n. [See 3d
Fusee.] (Her.) A bearing of a
rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that
of a spindle.
Fu"sile (?), a. Same as
Fusil, a.
{ Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier" }
(?), n. [F. fusilier, fr.
fusil.] (Mil.) (a)
Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the
plural: (b) A title now borne by some
regiments and companies; as, \'bdThe Royal
Fusiliers,\'b8 etc.
Fu"sil*lade" (?), n. [F.
fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See
Fusil a firelock.] (Mil.) A
simultaneous discharge of firearms.
Fu"sil*lade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p.
pr. & vb. n. Fusillading.] To
shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of
firearms.
Fu"sion (?), n. [L.
fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to
pour, melt: cf. F. fusion. See Fuse, v.
t., aud cf, Foison.] 1. The
act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act
of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat;
a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as,
metals in fusion.
3. The union or blending together of things,
as, melted together.
The universal fusion of races, languages, and
customs . . .
had produced a corresponding fusion of creeds.
C. Kingsley.
Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting
of certain crystals by heat in their own water of
crystallization.
4. (Biol.) The union, or binding
together, of adjacent parts or tissues.
Fu"some (?), a. [AS.
f/san to hasten, fr. f/s ready, prompt,
quick; akin to OS. f/s, OHG. funs, Icel.
fuss willing; prob. from the root of E.
find.] Handy; reat; handsome;
notable. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Fuss (?), n. [Cf.
Fusome.] 1. A tumult; a bustle;
unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles.
Byron.
Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss
or noise
Carlyle.
2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles.
[R.]
I am a fuss and I don't deny it.
W. D. Howell.
Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Fussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fussing.] To be overbusy or unduly
anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado.
Sir W. Scott.
Fuss"i*ly (?), adv. In a fussy
manner.
Byron.
Fuss"i*ness, n. The quality of being
fussy.
Fuss"y (?), a.
[Compar. Fussier (?);
superl Fussiest.] Making a
fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles;
overnice; fidgety.
Not at all fussy about his personal appearance.
R. G. White.
Fast (?), n. [OF.
fust, F. f/t, fr. L. fustis
stick staff.] (Arch.) The shaft of a
column, or trunk of pilaster.
Gwilt.
Fust, n. [OF. fust cask, F.
f/t cask, taste or smell of the caak,
fustiness, cf. sentir le f/t to taste of
the cask. See 1st Fust.] A strong, musty
smell; mustiness.
Fust, v. i. To become moldy; to smell
ill. [Obs.]
Fust"ed, a. Moldy; ill-smelling.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Fus"ter*ic (?), n. The coloring
matter of fustet.
Ure.
Fus"tet (?), n. [F.
fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL.
fustetus, fr. L. fustis stick, in LL.,
tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.]
The wood of the Rhus Cptinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of
Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which,
however, is not durable without a mordant.
Ure.
Fus"tian (?), n. [OE.
fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine,
F. futaine, It. fustagno, fr. LL.
fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr.
fustani, Sp. fustan. So called from
Fust\'bet, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.]
1. A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and
linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.
2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing
in which high-sounding words are used,' above the dignity of the
thoughts or subject; bombast.
Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched
fustian.
Addison.
Fus"tian, a. 1. Made of
fustian.
2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated;
bombastic; as, fustian history.
Walpole.
Fus"tian*ist, n. A writer of
fustian. [R.]
Milton.
Fus"tic (?), n. [F.
fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf.
Fustet.] The wood of the Maclura
tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in
dyeing yellow; -- called also old
fustic. [Written also
fustoc.]
fustic; as that of species of Xanthoxylum,
and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes
called young fustic to distinguish it from the
Maclura. See Fustet.
Fus"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L.
fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st
Fust.] To cudgel. [R.]
Bailey.
Fus"ti*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
fustigation.] A punishment by beating with
a stick or club; cudgeling.
This satire, composed of actual fustigation.
Motley.
Fas"ti*la"ri*an (?), n. [From
Fusty.] A low fellow; a stinkard; a
scoundrel. [Obs.]
Shak.
{ Fus"ti*lug` (/), Fus"ti*lugs`
(?) }, n. [Fusty +
lug someting heavy, to be drawn or carried.]
A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.]
F. Junius.
Fus"i*ness (?), n. A fusty
state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from
moldiness.
Fusty (?), a.
[Compar. Fustier (#);
superl Fustiest.] [See
2d Fust.] 1. Moldy; musty;
ill-smelling; rank. \'bdA fusty plebeians.\'b8
Shak.
2. Moping. [Archaic]
A melancholy, fusty humor.
Pepys.
Fus"sure (?), n. [L.
fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See
Fuse, v. t.] Act of fusing;
fusion. [R.]
<-- p. 606 -->
Futch"el (?), n. The jaws
between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is
inserted.
Knight.
Fu"tile (?; 277), a. [L.
futilis that easily pours out, that easily lets loose,
vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out:
cf. F. futile. See Fuse, v.
t.]
1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling.
[Obs.]
Talkers and futile persons.
Bacon.
2. Of no importance; answering no useful end;
useless; vain; worthless. \'bdFutile
theories.\'b8
I. Taylor.
His reasoning . . . was singularly futile.
Macaulay.
Fu"tile*ly, adv. In a futile
manner.
Fu"til`i*ty (?), n. [L.
futilitas: cf. F. futilit\'82.]
1. The quality of being talkative; talkativeness;
loquaciousness; loquacity. [Obs.]
2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or
of coming to nothing; uselessness.
The futility of this mode of philosophizing.
Whewell.
Fu"til*ous (?), a. Futile;
trifling. [Obs.]
Fu"ttock (?), n. [Prob.
corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.)
One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to
form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the
crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the
keel.
Futtock plates (Naut.), plates of
iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are
secured. -- Futtock shrouds, short iron
shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the
main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and
connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast.
Totten.
Fu"tur*a*ble (?; 135), a.
Capable of being future; possible to occur.
[R.]
Not only to things future, but futurable.
Fuller.
Fu"ture (?; 135), a. [F.
futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of
esse to be, but from the same root as E.
be. See Be, v. i.] That
is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the
present; as, the next moment is future, to the
present.
Future tense (Gram.), the tense or
modification of a verb which expresses a future act or
event.
Fu"ture (?), n. [Cf. F.
futur. See Future, a.]
1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present
(as, the future shall be as the present);
collectively, events that are to happen in time to come.
\'bdLay the future open.\'b8
Shak.
2. The possibilities of the future; -- used
especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had
great future before him.
3. (Gram.) A future tense.
To deal in futures, to speculate on the future
values of merchandise or stocks. [Brokers'
cant]
Fu"ture*less, a. Without prospect of
betterment in the future.
W. D. Howells.
Fu"ture*ly, adv. In time to come.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
Fu"tur*ist, n. 1. One whose
chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously,
eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an
expectant.
2. (Theol.) One who believes or
maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is
to be in the future.
Fu`tu*ri"tial (?; 135), a.
Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity;
future. [R.]
Fu`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
futurition.] The state of being future;
futurity. [R.]
Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition,
but as it is decreed.
Coleridge.
Fu*tu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl.
Futurities (/).
1. State of being that is yet to come; future
state.
2. Future time; time to come; the future.
3. Event to come; a future event.
All futurities are naked before the All-seeing
Eye.
South.
Fuze (?), n. A tube, filled
with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See
Fuse, n.
Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances
separated until required for action are then brought into
contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion. --
Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of
the projectile. -- Electric fuze, a fuze
which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric
current. -- Friction fuze, a fuze which is
ignited by the heat evolved by friction. -- Percussion
fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a
blow on some fulminating compound. -- Time fuze,
a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of
its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an
explosion.
Fuzz (?), v. t. To make
drunk. [Obs.]
Wood.
Fuzz, n. [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy
that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. voos spongy,
fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to
untwist.] Fine, light particles or fibers; loose,
volatile matter.
Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom,
which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a
puffball.
Fuzz, v. i. To fly off in minute
particles.
Fuz"zle (?), v. t. [Cf. LG.
fuseln to drink common liquor, fr. fusel
bad liquor.] To make drunk; to intoxicate; to
fuddle. [Obs.]
Burton.
Fuzz"y (?), a. [See
Fuzz, n.] 1. Not firmly
woven; that ravels. [Written also
fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]
2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz;
as, the fuzzy skin of a peach.
-fy (?). [Through French verbs in
-fier, L. -ficare, akin to
facere to do, make. See Fact.] A
suffix signifying to make, to form into,
etc.; as, acetify, amplify,
dandify, Frenchify, etc.
Fy (?), interj. [See
Fie, interj.] A word which
expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or
contempt. See Fie.
Fyke (?), n. [D.
fuik a bow net.] A long bag net distended
by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to
return; -- called also fyke net.
Cozzens.
Fyl"lot (?), n. [Prov. fr. AS.
fy/erf/te, fierf/te,
fe\'a2werf/te. See Four, and Foot,
n.] A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem,
and a common ornament. It is also called
gammadion, and
swastika.
<-- Illustr. of two types of fyllot. -->
Fyrd (?), Fyr"dung
(/), n. [AS.; akin to E.
fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng.
Hist.) The military force of the whole nation,
consisting of all men able to bear arms.
The national fyrd or militia.
J. R. Green.
Fytte (?), n. See Fit
a song. [Archaic]
G.
G (?) 1. G is the seventh letter
of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two
sounds; one simple, as in gave, go,
gull; the other compound (like that of j), as
in gem, gin, dingy. See
Guide to Pronunciation,
The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it
first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the
Latin, and probably comes to us through the French.
Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard,
k y, and w; as in corn,
grain, kernel; kin L.
genus, Gr. /; E. garden, yard;
drag, draw; also to ch and
h; as in get, prehensile;
guest, host (an army); gall,
choler; gust, choose. See
C.
2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth
tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also
sol by the Italians and French. It was also
originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed
into the character represented in the margin. See Clef.
G
Gab (?), n. [Cf.
Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on
the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See.
Illust. of Eccentric.
Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble,
mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF.
gab, gabe; perh. akin to E.
gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v.
i., Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle
prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness.
[Colloq.]
Gift of gab, facility of expression.
[Colloq.]
Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to
jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or
OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf.
Gabble.] 1. To deceive; to
lie. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter.
Holinshed.
Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of
coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]
Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine"
(/), n. [Sp.
gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF.
galvardine, calvardine,
gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. &
OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather,
F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It.
gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.]
A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews;
a mean dress.
Shak.
Gab"ber (?), n. 1. A
liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]
2. One addicted to idle talk.
Gab"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gabbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling
(?).] [Freq. of gab. See
Gab, v. i.] 1. To talk
fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber.
Shak.
2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity;
as, gabbling fowls.
Dryden.
Gab"ble, n. 1. Loud or rapid
talk without meaning.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud
Among the builders.
Milton.
2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of
fowls.
Gab"bier (?), n. One who
gabbles; a prater.
Gab"bro (?), n. [It.]
(Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians
to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and
now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock
consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with
sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).
Ga"bel (?), n. [F.
gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum,
gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel
tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service,
tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise.
Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the
ministry of a fish.
Jer. Taylor.
Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng.
Law) A collector of gabels or taxes.
\'d8Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See
Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt.
[France]
Brande & C.
Ga*belle"man (?), n. A
gabeler.
Carlyle.
Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See
Gabardine.
Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael.
gabair talker + lunndair idler.]
A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Gab"ert (?), n.
[Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar,
gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for inland
navigation. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It.
gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia
cage, L. cavea. See Cage.] 1.
(Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a
basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and
filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an
enemy's fire.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame,
as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a
bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.
Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F.
gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.)
A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their
flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.
2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core
for a sand bar in harbor improvements.
Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F.
gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of
a fortification built of gabions.
Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished
with gabions.
\'d8Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See
Gabionade.
Ga"ble (?), n. A cable.
[Archaic]
Chapman.
Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable,
gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum
front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG.
gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel.
gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to
Gr. / head, and E. cephalic, or to G.
gabel fork, AS. geafl, E.
gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of
gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical
triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of
the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar
end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the
like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building,
as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c)
A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable,
such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.
Bell gable. See under Bell. --
Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a
gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as
Gable (b). -- Gable window,
a window in a gable.
Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.)
A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a
tabernacle, niche, etc.
Gab"lock (?), n. [See
Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on
the heel of a gamecock.
Wright.
Ga"by (?), n. [Icel.
gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.]
A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]
Gad (?), n. [OE.
gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw.
gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G.
gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]
1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.
2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal,
as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.
I will go get a leaf of brass,
And with a gad of steel will write these words.
Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.
4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling.
Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel.
[Obs.]
Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in
gads.
Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring
rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng.
Local, U.S.]
Halliwell. Bartlett.
Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment;
hastily. [Obs.] \'bdAll this done upon the
gad!\'b8
Shak.
Gad, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad,
n., and orig. meaning to drive
about.] To walk about; to rove or go about,
without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled.
\'bdThe gadding vine.\'b8
Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy
way?
Jer. ii. 36.
Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A
gadder [Colloq.]
Gad"bee` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The gadfly.
Gad"der (?), n. One who roves
about idly, a rambling gossip.
Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much,
needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the
streets.
Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue.
Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries
a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of
holes.
Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a
roving, idle manner.
Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to
gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n.
\'bdGaddishness and folly.\'b8
Abp. Leighton.
Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the
fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod
family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth;
-- called also gead. [Prov.
Eng.]
<-- p. 607 -->
Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re
(/), v. t. & i. To gather.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Gadflies (#). [Gad +
fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous
insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of
botflies.
gadfly (Oestrus
ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the
larv\'91 develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which
infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs
upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots live and produce
sores called wormels. The gadflies of the
horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots.
See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are
often erroneously called gadflies, and the true
gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze
flies.
Gadfly petrel (Zo\'94l.), one of
several small petrels of the genus
Oestrelata.
Gadhel"ic (g, a.
[See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that
division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish,
Gaelic, and Manx.
J. Peile.
Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus);
-- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz.,
gadic acid.
Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L.
Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of
or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.
Gad"ling (?), n.
[Gad, n. + -ling.]
(Medi\'91val Armor) [R.] See
Gad, n., 4.
Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v.
i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]
Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond.
[Obs.] Rom. of R.
Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.
Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL.
gadus cod + -oid: cf. F.
gado\'8bde gadoid, Gr. / a sort of fish, F.
gade.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadid\'91) which
includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n.
One of the Gadid\'91.
[Written also gadid.]
Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See
Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth,
regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium,
by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium,
ytterbium, etc.
Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to or containing
gadolinium.
Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named
after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.]
(Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and
vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of
yttrium, cerium, and iron.
Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See
Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed
rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found
associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality
and properties have not yet been determined.
Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a
gad or goad in driving.
Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL.
gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow
or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in
cod-liver oil.
Gad"wall (?), n.
[Gad to walk about + well.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large duck (Anas
strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern
parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray
duck. [Written also
gaddwell.]
Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See
Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the
Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch
Highlander of Celtic origin.
Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael.
G\'85idhealach, Gaelach, from
G\'85idheal, Gael, a Scotch
Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to
the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the
Gaelic language.
Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael.
Gaelig, G\'85ilig.] The language
of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch
of the Celtic.
Gaff (?), n. [OE.
gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which
seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir.
gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G.
gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF.
Gaffle, Gable.] 1. A barbed
spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing
heavy fish.
2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper
edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.
3. Same as Gaffle, 1.
Wright.
Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or
barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to
gaff a salmon.
Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly
contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer
for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.]
1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.
Go to each gaffer and each goody.
Fawkes.
Gaffer was originally a respectful title,
now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when
addressed to an aged man in humble life.
2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of
laborers. [Prov. Eng.]
Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS.
geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G.
gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael.
gabhal. Cf. Gaff.] 1. An
artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.
2. A lever to bend crossbows.
Gaff`-top"sail (?), n.
(Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot
extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.
Gag (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gagging (?).] [Prob.
fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg
mouth, opening, entrance.] 1. To stop the
mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking;
hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow
freedom of speech to.
Marvell.
The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be
gagged, and reason to be hood winked.
Maccaulay.
2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.
Mouths gagged to such a wideness.
Fortescue (Transl. ).
3. To cause to heave with nausea.
Gag, v. i. 1. To heave with
nausea; to retch.
2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See
Gag, n., 3. [Slang]
Cornill Mag.
Gag, n. 1. Sometimes thrust
into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.
2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit;
as, a gag of mutton fat.
Lamb.
3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an
actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of
some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang]
Gag rein (Harness), a rein for
drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag
runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch
guiding the gag rein.
Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L.
gagates. See Jet a black mineral.]
Agate. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Gage (?), n. [F.
gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of
German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti,
weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and
cf. Wage, n.] 1. A pledge
or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the
performance of some act by the person depositing it, and
forfeited by nonperformance; security.
Nor without gages to the needy lend.
Sandys.
2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as
a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the
challenge; a challenge; a defiance. \'bdThere I throw my
gage.\'b8
Shak.
Gage (?), n. [So called because
an English family named Gage imported the greengage
from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum;
as, the greengage; also, the blue gage,
frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or
less likeness to the greengage. See
Greengage.
Gage, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Gaging (?).] [Cf. F.
gager. See Gage, n., a
pledge.] 1. To give or deposit as a pledge or
security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge.
[Obs.]
A moiety competent
Was gaged by our king.
Shak.
2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.
Great debts
Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal,
Hath left me gaged.
Shak.
Gage, n. A measure or standart. See
Gauge, n.
Gage, v. t. To measure. See
Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me
By what we do to-night.
Shak.
Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See
Gauger.
Gag"ger (?), n. 1. One
who gags.
2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded
in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.
Gag"gle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gaggled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling
(?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D.
gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln,
gackern, MHG. g/gen, E.
giggle, cackle.] To make a noise
like a goose; to cackle.
Bacon.
Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v.
i.] (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild
geese. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl.
Gagteeth (/). A projecting
tooth. [Obs.]
Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having
gagteeth. [Obs.]
Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after
Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)
Zinc spinel; automolite.
Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic
acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.
Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as
Gayety.
Gail"er (?), n. A jailer.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See
Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.
Chaucer.
\'d8Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See
Galliard a dance.] A lively French and
Italian dance.
Gai"ly (?), adv. [From
Gay.] Merrily; showily. See
gaily.
Gain (?), n. [Cf. W.
gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square
or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other
timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of
the floor beam.
Gain, a. [OE. gein,
gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn
ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite.
CF. Ahain.] Convenient; suitable; direct;
near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap;
respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gain (?), n. [OE.
gain, gein, ga/hen, gain,
advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn,
Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The
word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF.
gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]
1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as
increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to
loss.
But what things were gain to me, those I counted
loss for Christ.
Phil. iii. 7.
Godliness with contentment is great gain.
1 Tim. vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the gains.
Shak.
2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable
possessions; acquisition; accumulation. \'bdThe lust of
gain.\'b8
Tennyson.
Gain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gaining.] [From gain,
n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to
earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG.
weidin/n, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr.
weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel.
vei/r hunting, AS. wa/u, cf. L.
venari to hunt, E. venison. See
Gain, n., profit.]
1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or
acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good
living.
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole
world, and lose his own soul?
Matt. xvi. 26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it
gained.
Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.
Pope.
2. To come off winner or victor in; to be
successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain
a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a
prize.
3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to
one's side; to conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy
brother.
Matt. xviii. 15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court.
Dryden.
4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to
gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good
harbor.
Forded Usk and gained the wood.
Tennyson.
5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or
damage. [Obs. or Ironical]
Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have
gained this harm and loss.
Acts xxvii. 21.
Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing
eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground,
to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail;
to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over,
to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. --
To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the
windward side of another ship.
Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain;
achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain,
Win. Gain implies only that we get something
by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with
others. A person gains knowledge, or gains
a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory,
or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with
others.
Gain (?), v. i. To have or
receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to
advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress;
as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by
extortion.
Ezek. xxii. 12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of
the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the
muzzle. To gain on upon. (a) To encroach on; as,
the ocean gains on the land. (b)
To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground
upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest.
(d) To get the better of; to have the advantage
of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians
in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.
Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor,
that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.
Swift.
Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F.
gagnable. See Gain, v. t.]
Capable of being obtained or reached.
Sherwood.
Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF.
gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage
pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O.
Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains
or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage.
(b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land
itself.
Bouvier.
Gain"er (?), n. One who
gains.
Shak.
Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable;
advantageous; lucrative. \'bdA gainful
speculation.\'b8 Macaulay. --
Gain"ful*ly, adv. --
Gain"ful*ness, n.
Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See
Again, and Give.] A misgiving.
[Obs.]
Gain"less, a. Not producing gain;
unprofitable. Hammond. --
Gain"less/ness, n.
Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain,
a.] Handily; readily; dexterously;
advantageously. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Gain"pain` (?), n.[F.
gagner to gain + pain bread.]
Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the
sword of a hired soldier.
Gain`say" (? , v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien,
ageinseien. See Again, and Say to
utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to
dispute; to forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries
shall not be able to gainsay nor resist.
Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay
That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,
My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword
Be drained.
Shak.
Gain`say"er (?), n. One who
gainsays, contradicts, or denies. \'bdTo convince the
gainsayers.\'b8
Tit. i. 9.
Gain"some (?), a. 1.
Gainful.
2. Prepossessing; well-favored.
[Obs.]
Massinger.
'Gainst (?), prep. A
contraction of Against.
Gain"stand` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p.
pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] [See
Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to
resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged
desires.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i.
[See Again, and Strive.] To
strive or struggle against; to withstand.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Gair"fowl` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Garefowl.
Gair"ish (?), a.,
Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness,
n. Same as Garish,
Garishly, Garishness.
Gait (?), n. [See Gate
a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a
way.
Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks
pass.
Shak.
2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or
carriage while moving.
'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait.
Shak.
Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a
gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited;
heavy-gaited.
Gait"er (?), n. [F.
gu\'88tre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of
German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]
1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and
instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting
down upon the shoe.
<-- p. 608 -->
2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and
covering the ankle.
Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress
with gaiters.
Gai"tre, Gay"tre (/),
n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The
dogwood tree. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ga"la (?), n. [F.
gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala;
of German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show,
or festivity.
Macaulay.
Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a
holiday.
Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, milk + / to lead.] (Med.) An
agent exciting secretion of milk.
Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. /
milky, fr. /, /, milk. See Galaxy, and cf.
Lactic.] 1. Of or pertaining to
milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.
2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky
Way.
Galactic circle (Astron.), the
great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy
most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic
poles, the poles of the galactic circle.
Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, milk. Cf. Lactin.] (Chem.)
(a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing
nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles
peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or
emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance
found in the sap of the South American cow tree
(Galactodendron). (c) An
amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the
seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several
sugars, including galactose.
Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n.
[Gr. /, / + E. densimeter.] Same
as Galactometer.
Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, milk + -meter: cf. F.
galactom\'8atre. Cf. Lactometer.]
An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk
(i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its
specific gravity; a lactometer.
Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, milk + / to eat: cf. / to live on milk.]
One who eats, or subsists on, milk.
Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
/: cf. F. galactophade.] Feeding on
milk.
Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr.
/; /, /, milk + / to bear: cf. F.
galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.]
(Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to
the ducts of mammary glands.
Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a.
[Gr. /, /, milk + / capable of making; fr. / to
make.] (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk;
milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic
substance.
Ga*lac"tose (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar,
C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the
decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When
oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also
lactose (though it is not lactose
proper).<-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose,
converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity
(beta-galactosidase) -->
Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.)
See Galoche.
Spenser.
Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl.
Galagos (#). [Native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of African lemurs, including
numerous species.
grand galago (Galago
crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse
galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a
mouse.
{ Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal
(?) }, n.[OE.
galingale, OF. galingal,
garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp.
galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj/n.
] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain
East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A.
Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the
K\'91mpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger
family.
Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F.
galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or
other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served
cold.
Smart.
Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.)
The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree
with very large digitate leaves.
Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or
inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls
who settled in Asia Minor.
Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl.
Galaxies (#). [F.
galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. / (sc. /
circle), fr. /, /, milk; akin to L. lac. CF.
Lacteal.]
1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that
luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across
the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so
distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the
telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of
stars.
Nichol.
2. A splendid assemblage of persons or
things.
{ Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?),
} n. [L. galbanum, Gr. /,
prob. from Heb. klekb'n/h: cf. F.
galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the
stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of
Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa
furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter
taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical
purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of
varnish.
Gale (?), n. [Prob. of Scand..
origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn,
cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing,
Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor
charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel.
gj/la gust of wind, gola
breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A strong
current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane.
The most violent gales are called tempests.
Gales have a velocity of from about
eighteen (\'bdmoderate\'b8) to about eighty (\'bdvery heavy\'b8)
miles an our.
Sir. W. S. Harris.
2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.
A little gale will soon disperse that cloud.
Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned
From their soft wings.
Milton.
3. A state of excitement, passion, or
hilarity.
The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in
New England, is sometimes called a gale.
Brooke (Eastford).
Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in
which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.
Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.)
To sale, or sail fast.
Gale, n [OE. gal. See
Gale wind.] A song or story.
[Obs.]
Toone.
Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See
1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.]
\'bdCan he cry and gale.\'b8
Court of Love.
Gale, n [AS. gagel, akin to
D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly
resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale)
is found both in Europe and in America.
Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.]
The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.]
Mozley & W.
Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is
due.
\'d8Ga"le*a (?), n.[L., a
helmet. ] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip
or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.
2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the
head.
3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over
the head.
4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini,
having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior, outer
process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain
insects.
Gal"e*as (?), n. See
Galleass.
{ Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted
(?), } a. [L. galeatus,
p.p. of galeare helmet.] 1.
Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a
helmet.
2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike
part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.
\'d8Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. / a kind of
shark.] (Zo\'94l.) That division of
elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.
Ga*le"na (?), n.[L.
galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting
lead: cf. F. gal\'8ane sulphide of lead ore, antidote
to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]
1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for
poison; theriaca. [Obs.]
Parr.
2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal
ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster,
and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.
False galena. See Blende.
Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al
(/), a. Pertaining to, or
containing, galena.
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al,
an. [From Galen, the physician.]
Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of
treating diseases.
Dunglison.
Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy
which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion,
decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically
prepared.
Ga"len*ism (?), n. The
doctrines of Galen.
Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of
Galen.
Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.)
Galena; lead ore.
\'d8Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a weasel + / an ape.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of flying Insectivora,
formerly called flying lemurs. See
Colugo.
Gal`er*ic"u-late (?), a. [L.
galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap,
fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or
cap.
Smart.
Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L.
galerum a hat, cap: cf. F.
gal\'82rite.] (Paleon.) A
cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus
Galerites.
Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp.
Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L.
Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr.
Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or
pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of
Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of
Galicia in Spain; -- called also
Gallegan.
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean
telescope. See Telescope.
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L.
Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. /:
cf. F. galil\'82en.] Of or relating to
Galilee.
Gal`i*le"an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under
the Romans.
2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among
the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; --
called also Gaulonite.
3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of
reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans.
Byron.
Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to
have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural \'bdGalilee of
the Gentiles.\'b8 cf. OF. galil\'82e.]
(Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the
west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on
returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to
interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom
they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently
applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham
cathedrals.
Gwilt.
Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n.
[F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning
talk; confused mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of
several countries.
Walpole.
Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See
Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the
Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots;
also, any plant of the same genus.
Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender galingale.
Tennyson.
Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE.
galiote, F. galiote. See
Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A
small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly
for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast,
and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A
strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast
and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.
Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F.
galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or
pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened
on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of
its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow
pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy
pitch.
Gall (?), n.[OE.
galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to
D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel.
gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L.
fel, Gr. /, and prob. to E. yellow. /
See Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1.
(Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid
found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the
secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous
membrane of the gall bladder.
2. The gall bladder.
3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness;
rancor.
He hath . . . compassed me with gall and
travail.
Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall.
Dryden.
4. Impudence; brazen assurance.
[Slang]
Gall bladder (Anat.), the
membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as
secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of
Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct,
a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic
duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious
fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall
of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite
plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the
Prenanthes serpentaria.
Gall (?), n. [F.
galle, noix de galle, fr. L.
galla.] (Zo\'94l.) An
excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by
insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small
Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their
eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls
are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.
galls, or gallnuts, of
commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips,
chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or
Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They
contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that
article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in
medicine.
Gall insect (Zo\'94l.), any insect
that produces galls. -- Gall midge
(Zo\'94l.), any small dipterous insect that
produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak
(Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of
commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt
skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also
glass gall and
sandiver. Ure.-- Gall
wasp. (Zo\'94l.) See
Gallfly.
Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To
impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.
Ure.
Gall, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf.
F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab,
G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence
under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf.
Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear
away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to
chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle
galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a
cable.
I am loth to gall a new-healed wound.
Shak.
2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled
by sarcasm.
They that are most galled with my folly,
They most must laugh.
Shak.
3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the
troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.
In our wars against the French of old, we used to
gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance
than they could shoot their arrows.
Addison.
Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer.
[R.]
Shak.
Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by
rubbing.
Gal"lant (?), a. [F.
gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF.
galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale
amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf.
OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil
lascivious, akin to AS. g/l wanton, wicked, OS.
g/l merry, Goth. gailjan to make to
rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala,
Galloon.]
1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay;
well-dressed.
The town is built in a very gallant place.
Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship.
Shak.
2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave;
high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a
gallant youth; a gallant officer.
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds.
Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.
Waller.
Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous,
Brave. Courageous is generic,
denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear;
brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves
or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting
bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A
courageous man is ready for battle; a brave
man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of
the conflict.
Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite
and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.
Gal*lant" (?; 277), n. 1.
A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young
blood.
Shak.
2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.
3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad
sense, a seducer.
Addison.
Gal*lant" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.] 1.
To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant
ladies to the play.
2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner;
as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.]
Addison.
Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a
polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.
Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a
gallant manner.
Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The
quality of being gallant.
<-- p. 609 -->
Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl.
Gallantries (#). [F.
galanterie.] 1. Splendor of
appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]
Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . .
when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of
silver.
Fuller.
2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved
with great gallantry.
3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed
sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from
a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female
virtue; intrigue.
4. Gallant persons, collectively.
[R.]
Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of
Troy.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.
Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F.
gallate. See Gall gallnut.]
(Chem.) A salt of gallic acid.
Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From
L. gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.)
The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.
Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F.
gal\'82asse, gal\'82ace; cf. It.
galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea
a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A
large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside
guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe
in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and
Galley. [Written variously
galeas, gallias, etc.]
galleasses . . . were a third
larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred
galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure
at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in
front, with seats for the rowers amidships.\'b8
Motley.
{ Gal*le"gan (?), Gal*le"go
(? or ?), } n. [Sp.
Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of
Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.
Gal"le*\'8bn (?), n.
[Pyrogallol + phthale\'8bn.]
(Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by
heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.
Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp.
galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL.
galeo, galio. See Galley.]
(Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and
following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used
for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately
applied to any large sailing vessel.
The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy
vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at
stem and stern, like castels.
Motley.
Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.)
See Galiot.
Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl
Galleries (#). [F.
galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL.
galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall,
banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr.
galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant,
a.] 1. A long and narrow corridor,
or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one
room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a
boring or burrowing animal.
2. A room for the exhibition of works of art;
as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or
important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.
3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or
more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and
supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be
occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to
increase the capacity of the hall.
4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony,
projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called
stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom
found in vessels built since 1850.
5. (Fort.) Any communication which is
covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for
defense, it is a defensive galery.
6. (Mining) A working drift or
level.
Whispering gallery. See under
Whispering.
Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE.
gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little
tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] \'bdThe substance
of galletyle.\'bd
Bacon.
Gal"ley (?), n.; pl.
Galleys (#). [OE. gale,
galeie (cf. OF. galie, gal\'82e,
LL. galea, LGr. /; of unknown origin.]
1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars,
whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a)
A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in
the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b)
A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other
ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A
light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers,
press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One
of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.
2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of
a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the
caboose.
3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with
a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.
4. [F. gal\'82e; the same word as E.
galley a vessel.] (Print.)
(a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright
sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up,
etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while
on a galley; a galley proof.
Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a
punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley.
\'bdTo toil like a galley slave.\'b8
Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.),
a sliding false bottom to a large galley.
Knight.
Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green
woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov.
Eng.]
Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so
called because the numerous legs along the sides move
rhythmically like the oars of a galley.]
(Zo\'94l.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus
Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs
along the sides; a milliped or \'bdthousand legs.\'b8 See
Chilognatha.
Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Gallflies (/). (Zo\'94l.)
An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions
galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips
and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.
Gal`ly*am"bic (?), a. [L.
galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele;
Gallus (a name applied to these priests) +
iambus] (Pros.) Consisting of
two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final
syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.
Gal"li*an (?), a. [See
Gallic.] Gallic; French.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F.
gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.
galach valiant, or AS. gagol,
geagl, wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk;
active. [Obs.]
Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man.
[Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself.
Cleveland.
Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde,
cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard,
a.] A gay, lively dance. Cf.
Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace.
Sir. W. Scott.
Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F.
gaillardise. See Galliard,
a.] Excessive gayety; merriment.
[Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company.
Sir. T. Browne.
Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety.
[Obs.]
Gayton.
Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as
Galleass.
Gal"lic (?), a. [From
Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or containing, gallium.
Gal"lic (277), a. [From
Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or
derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.
Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being
found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced
artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance,
C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is
a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is
usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with
iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the
essential ingredients of common black ink.
Gal"lic (?), a. [L.
Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli
the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F.
gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or France;
Gallican.
Gal"li*can (?), a. [L.
Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of
or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the
Gallican church or clergy.
Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and
supporter of, Gallicanism.
Shipley.
Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The
principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman
Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict
the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the
national church.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F.
gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to
the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or
custom.
Gal"li*cize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gallicized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing
(?).] To conform to the French mode or
idiom.
Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a.
(Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Gal"li*form (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like the Gallinae (or
Galliformes) in structure.
Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl.
[Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a
name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been
afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from
Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards.
The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.
\'d8Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? , n.
Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See
Galimatias.
Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl.
Gallimaufries (#). [F.
galimafr\'82e a sort of ragout or mixed hash of
different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds
of meats, a ragout.
Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced
meat.
King.
2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.
The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry
made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish.
South.
Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.)
A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn.
\'d8Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Gallinae.
Gal`li*na"cean (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous
birds.
Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L.
gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr.
gallus cock.] (Zo\'94l.)
Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or
pertaining to the Gallinae.
\'d8Gal*li"nae (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen,
gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants,
grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called
Rasores.
Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall
or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. --
Gall"ing*ly, adv.
Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large
mosquito.
Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L.
gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf.
F. gallinule.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal
shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are
remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating
plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis
Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio
porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula
chloropus) is also called moor hen,
water hen, water rail,
moor coot, night bird, and
erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is
the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).
Gal"li*ot (?), n. See
Galiot.
Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of
olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.
Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr.
OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin
to E. glad. See Glad, and
Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by
druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.
Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare
metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard,
and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low
melting point (86/ F., 30/C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight
69.9.
ekaluminium, by the Russian
chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This
prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist
Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet
lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the
Pyrenees.
Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From
Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the
ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite
plan. [Slang]
Dickens.
Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr.
Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot,
galley.] (Naut.) A small armed
vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast.
A. Chalmers.
Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A West Indian lizard
(Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by
the natives to be venomous.
Gall"nut` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A round gall produced on the leaves
and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall,
and Nutgall.
Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L.
Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An
excessive admiration of what is French. --
Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#),
n.
Gal"lon (?), n. [OF
galon, jalon, LL. galo,
galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F.
jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.]
A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for
the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry
measure.
standart gallon of the Unites States
contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of
distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at
30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of
seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the
same as the old English wine gallon. The beer
gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282
cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10
pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62/ of Fahrenheit, and
barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic inches.
Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or
Sp. galon. See Gala. ] 1.
A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc.,
-- sometimes made ornamental.
2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material,
such as gold lace.
Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering
gewgaws.
Addison.
Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished
or adorned with galloon.
Gal"lop (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Galloped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F.
galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth.
ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS.
gehle\'a0pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E.
leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a
gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.]
1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a
horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.
But gallop lively down the western hill.
Donne.
<-- p. 610 -->
2. To ride a horse at a gallop.
3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making
a hasty examination.
Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping
over it.
Locke.
Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to
gallop.
Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop.
See Gallop, v. i., and cf.
Galop.] A mode of running by a quadruped,
particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and
the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.
Hand gallop, a slow or gentle
gallop.
Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F.
galopade. See Gallop, n.]
1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of
gallop.
2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a
galop.
Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.] 1.
To gallop, as on horseback.
2. To perform the dance called gallopade.
Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, gallops.
2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small
guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts,
without a limber.
Farrow.
Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a
galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry
regiments.
Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F.
galopin. See Gallop, v. i.]
An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's
errand boy. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a
gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping
horse.
Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a.
[Gall nutgall + tannic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to the tannin or
nutgalls.
Gallotannic acid. See Tannic
acid, under Tannic.
Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS.
\'begelwan to stupefy.] To fright or
terrify. See Gally, v. t.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Gal"lo*way (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small horse of a breed raised at
Galloway, Scotland; -- called also
garran, and garron.
Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir.
galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A
heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in
the time of Edward /
Shak.
Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl.
Gallowses (#) Gallows.
[OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga,
gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg
gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel.
g\'belgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth.
galga a cross. Etymologically and historically
considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number,
but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by
a; as, a gallows.] 1.
A frame from which is suspended the rope with which
criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two
upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for
suspending anything.
So they hanged Haman on the gallows.
Esther vii. 10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows.
Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and
gallowses/
Shak.
2. A wretch who deserves the gallows.
[R.]
Shak.
3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when
raised.
4. pl. A pair of suspenders or
braces. [Colloq.]
Gallows bird, a person who deserves the
gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts
(Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on
deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also
gallows, gallows top,
gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows
frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an
engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows
bitts. -- Gallows, Gallow tree,
the gallows.
At length him nail\'82d on a gallow tree.
Spenser.
Gall"stone` (?), n. A
concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary
passages. See Calculus, n., 1.
Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See
Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to
worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
T. Brown.
Gall"y (?), a. Like gall;
bitter as gall.
Cranmer.
Gal"ly (?), n. See
Galley, n., 4.
Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See
Galligaskins.
Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (/),
[OE. galoche, galache,
galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh.
altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL.
calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.
/, dim. of /, /, a shoemaker's last; / wood + /
foot.] 1. A clog or patten.
[Obs.]
Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche.
Chaucer.
2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.
3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of
the shoe and part of the leg.
Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy,
swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U.
S.]
Gal"op (?), n. [F.]
(Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also,
the music to the dance.
Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot.
gelore, gilore, galore, fr.
Gael. gu le\'95r, enough; gu-
to, also an adverbial prefix + le\'95r,
le\'95ir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the
same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance.
Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as
Galoche.
Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to
yawn. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gal"some (?), a.
[Gall bitterness + some.]
Angry; malignant. [Obs.]
Bp. Morton.
Galt (?), n [See
Gault.] Same as Gault.
Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From
Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on
account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of
dynamical or current electricity: cf. F.
galvanique.] Of or pertaining to, or
exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing
electrical currents.
Galvanic battery (Elec.), an
apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action
of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called
voltaic battery. See Battery. --
Galvanic circuit .
(Elec.) See under Circuit. --
Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic
pile. See under Voltaic.
Gal"va*nism (?), n [From
Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See
Galvanic.] (Physics) (a)
Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids
and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The
branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity,
or the properties and effects of electrical currents.
galvanism and
galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely
employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of
Volta, is commonly used.
Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed
in galvanism.
Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The
act of process of galvanizing.
Gal"va*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Galvanized
(?); p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
galvaniser.] 1. To affect with
galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.
2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means
of electricity.
3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action
(as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or
excite to a factitious animation or activity.
4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See
Galvanized iron.
Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with
zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated
with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its
surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute
acid.
Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who,
or that which, galvanize.
Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a.
[Galvanic + caustic.]
Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic,
especially in medicine.
Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n.
(Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle
heated by the passage of a galvanic current.
Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n.
[Galvanic + Gr. / to engrave.] Same
as Glyphography.
Gal*van"o*graph (?), n.
[Galvanic + -graph.]
(Engraving) A copperplate produced by the method
of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a
plate.
Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of
or pertaining to galvanography.
Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Galvanic + -graphy.]
1. The art or process of depositing metals by
electricity; electrotypy.
2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping
process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from
in the same manner as engraved plates.
Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on
galvanism.
Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n.
[Galvanic + -logy.] A
treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.
Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Galvanic + -meter: cf. F.
galvanom\'8atre.] (Elec.) An
instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an
electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic
needle.
Differential galvanometer. See under
Differental, a. -- Sine
galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent
galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer
in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle
through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the
strength of the current passed through the instrument.
Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.
Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The
art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.
Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a.
[Galvanic + -plastic.] Of
or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing,
or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a
galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.
Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of
electrotypy.
Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n.
(Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.
Gal*van`o*scope (?), n.
[Galvanic + -scope: cf. F.
galvanoscope.] (Elec.) An
instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical
currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.
Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a Of or
pertaining to a galvanoscope.
Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n
(Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological
experiments.
\'d8Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n.
[NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. / to tone.]
(Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus.
Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n.
[Galvanic + Gr. / to turn.]
(Bot.) The tendency of a root to place its axis
in the line of a galvanic current.
Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a
cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A
species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout,
and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies,
Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage
grass; -- called also sesame grass.
Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F.
gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in
Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the
other clothing.
\'d8Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da
gamba.
Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or
Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol,
n.] Same as Gamashes.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened
at the side with rusty clasps.
Sir W. Scott.
Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as
Gambison.
Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr.
gambette, or It. gambetta.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genuis
Totanus. See Tattler.
Gam"bier (?), n.
[Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of
a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a
powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra
Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is
exported for tanning and dyeing. (b)
Catechu. [Written also gambeer and
gambir.]
Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF.
gambeson, gambaison, fr.
gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf.
MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG.
wamba, stomach. See Womb.] A
defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth
stuffed and quilted.
Gam"bist (?), n. [It.
gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer
upon the viola di gamba. See under
Viola.
Gam"bit (?), n. [F.
gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping
up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess
Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn
is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.
<-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often
prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or
make a point = a conversational gambit -->
Gam"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gambled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling
(?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d
Game.] To play or game for money or other
stake.
Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by
gaming; -- usually with away. \'bdBankrupts or
sots who have gambled or slept away their estates.\'b8
Ames.
Gam"bler (?), n. One who
gambles.
Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete
juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in
Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or
cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or
Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a
dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking
internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic.
[Written also camboge.]
Garcinia, a genus of trees of
the order Guttifer\'91. The best Siam gamboge is
thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge
is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western
India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge
butter.
{ Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic
(?), } a. Pertaining to,
resembling, or containing, gamboge.
Gam"bol (?), n. [OE.
gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade,
gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba
leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr.
L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. / a binding,
winding, W., Ir. & Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E.
chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf.
Jamb, n., Gammon ham,
Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in
frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.
Dryden.
Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or
Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in
sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or
lambs.
Gam"brel (?), n [OF.
gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf.
Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol.
n.] 1. The hind leg of a
horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used
by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.
Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof
having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope
and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in
form.
Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by
means of a gambrel.
Beau. & Fl.
Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of
twilled linen cloth for lining.
Simmonds.
Game (?), a. [Cf. W.
cam crooked, and E. gambol,
n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game
leg. [Colloq.]
Game, n. [OE. game,
gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play,
sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan.
gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy.
Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble
v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest,
frolic.
We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game.
Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according to
certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake;
as, a game of chance; games of skill; field
games, etc.
But war's a game, which, were their subject wise,
Kings would not play at.
Cowper.
games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a single
match at play; a single contest; as, a game at
cards.
Talk the game o'er between the deal.
Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game;
also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win
a game; as, in short whist five points are
game.
5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point
credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the
highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an
object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of
operations; plan; project.
Your murderous game is nearly up.
Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken
the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to
attack.
Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild
meats designed for, or served at, table.
Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by
the well-known appellation of game.
Blackstone.
Confidence game. See under
Confidence. -- To make game of, to
make sport of; to mock.
Milton.
Game, a. 1. Having a resolute,
unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last;
plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought
even to the death.
W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted
for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.
Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small
game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. --
Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp.
grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the
shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew,
and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to
birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game
egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game
laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking
game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver,
a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate
with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To
be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding
spirit. (b) To be victor in a game.
[Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain
a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.
<-- p. 611 -->
Game (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gamed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.]
[OE. gamen, game/en, to rejoice, AS.
gamenian to play. See Game,
n.] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased;
-- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative.
[Obs.]
God loved he best with all his whole hearte
At alle times, though him gamed or smarte.
Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards,
dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain
rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the
issue of the contest; to gamble.
<-- sic!? -->
Game"cock` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The male game fowl.
Game" fowl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great
courage and pugnacity of the males.
Game"ful (?), a. Full of game
or games.
Game"keep`er (?), n. One who
has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.
Blackstone.
Game"less, a. Destitute of game.
Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner;
spiritedly.
Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck.
Game"some (?), a. Gay;
sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.
Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd.
Byron.
-- Game"some*ly, adv. --
Game"some*ness, n.
Game"ster (?), n.
[Game + -ster.] 1.
A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one
accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in
games.
When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest
gamester is the soonest winner.
Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
marriage.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or
resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the
male and female elements.
\'d8Gam"in (?), n. [F.]
A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street
Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look
at the Chinaman.'
L. Oliphant.
Gam"ing (?), n. The act or
practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.
Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter
(/, / = Eng. G) of the Greek alphabet.
Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross
formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious
ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See
Fylfot.
Gam"mer (?), n. [Possibly
contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer
for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An
old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an
old man.
Gam"mon (?), n. [OF.
gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe
leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and
cf. Ham.] The buttock or tight of a hog,
salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch.
Goldsmith.
Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gameed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gameing.] To make bacon of; to salt and
dry in smoke.
Gam"mon, n. [See 2d
Game.] 1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug.
[Colloq.]
Gam"mon, v. t. 1. To beat in
the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get
his \'bdmen\'b8 or counters home and withdraw any of them from
the board; as, to gammon a person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole.
[Colloq.]
Hood.
Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.]
(Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a
vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.
Totten.
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th
Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or
iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the
stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.
Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning
lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. --
Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut
through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of
gammoning the bowsprit.
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th
Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing
a person. [Colloq.]
\'d8Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Gr. / marriage + E. genesis.]
(Biol.) The production of offspring by the union
of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the
opposite of agamogenesis.
Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. --
Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr.
/ marriage + / form, shape.] (Biol.)
That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which
the reproductive elements are generated and matured in
preparation for propagating the species.
Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr.
/ marriage + E. petalous: cf. F.
gamop\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having
the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup;
monopetalous.
Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr.
/ marriage + / leaf.] (Bot.) Composed
of leaves united by their edges (coalescent).
Gray.
Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr.
/ marriage + E. sepal.] (Bot.)
Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.
Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme +
ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr.
the name of the Greek letter /, which was used by Guido
d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See
Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.)
The scale.
Gam"y (?), a. 1.
(Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game
kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting;
high-flavored.
2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding
spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a
gamy trout.
<-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### -->
Gan (?), imp. Gin.
[See Gin, v.] Began;
commenced.
Gan was formerly used with the infinitive
to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed.
Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is
usually denoted by gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great
suspicion.
Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie
(i.e., hied).
Chaucer.
Later writers use gan both for singular and
plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent.
Spenser.
Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg.
gancho hook, It. gancio.] To
drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks
dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon
hooks, and there to hang until they die.
Sandys.
Gan"der (?), n. [AS.
gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G.
gander, ganter, and E. goose,
gannet. See Goose.] The male of
any species of goose.
Gane (?), v. i. [See
Yawn.] To yawn; to gape.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind.
Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.
Balfour.
Gang (?), v. i. [AS.
gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel.
ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith.
/engti to walk, Skr. ja/gha leg.
Go.] To go; to walk.
Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a
going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going,
Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v.
i.] 1. A going; a course.
[Obs.]
2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or
a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group
of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang
of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of
thieves.
3. A combination of similar implements arranged so
as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a
gang of saws, or of plows.
4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an
outfit; as, a new gang of stays.
5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining)
The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a
gangue.
Gang board, Gang
plank. (Naut.) (a) A board
or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to
enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or
without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to
walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which
to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck.
-- Gang cultivator, Gang plow,
a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to
one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same
time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time
of perambulating parishes. See Gang week
(below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine
having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. --
Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of
workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang
board (above). -- Gang plow. See
Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang
press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of
objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang
saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of
saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances
apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang
week (below). -- Gang tooth, a
projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. --
Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly
processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes.
Halliwell. -- Live gang, Round gang, the Western and the Eastern
names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log
into boards at one operation. Knight. --
Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts
slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick
beam.
Gang"er (?), n. One who
oversees a gang of workmen. [R.]
Mayhew.
Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic
shark.
Gang"-flow`er (?), n.
(Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala
vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang
week.
Dr. Prior.
Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See
Trawl, n.
{ Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al
(?), } a. (Anat.)
Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.
{ Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted
(?), } a. (Anat.)
Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated
cords of the sympathetic nervous system.
{ Gan"gli*form` (?),
Gan"gli*o*form` (?), } a.
[Ganglion + -form.]
(Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion.
Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L.
Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions
(#). [L. ganglion a sort of
swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. /: cf. F.
ganglion.] 1. (Anat.)
(a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including
nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a
nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic
system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.
2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent
tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the
effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also
weeping sinew.
Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See
Illust. under Bipolar.
Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
ganglionnarie.] (Anat.)
Ganglionic.
Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
ganglionique.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or
ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the
ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.
Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf.
Gang, v. i.] Wandering;
vagrant. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To
gangrene. [Obs.]
Gan"grene (?), n. [F.
gangr\'8ane, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. /, fr.
/ to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. gras, gar, to
devour, and E. voracious, also canker,
n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term
formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which
has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality;
but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any
stage.
Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gangrening.] [Cf. F.
gangr\'82ner.] To produce gangrene in; to
be affected with gangrene.
Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a.
Tending to mortification or gangrene.
Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F.
gangr\'82neux.] Affected by, or produced
by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.
Gangue (?), n. [F.
gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a
passage. See Gang, n.]
(Mining) The mineral or earthy substance
associated with metallic ore.
Gang"way` (?), n. [See
Gang, v. i.] 1. A passage
or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way
of access formed of planks.
2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle
across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly
either with the government or with the opposition.
3. (Naut.) The opening through the
bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.
4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of
a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the
forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist.
Totten.
Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of
a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the
gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the
gangway.
Gan"il (?), n. [F.]
A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.]
Kirwan.
Gan"is*ter (?),
Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.)
A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground
siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining
Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.
Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind.
g\'benjh\'be.] The dried hemp plant, used
in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and
intoxicating.<-- marijuana, hashish -->
Gan"net (?), n. [OE.
gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen
duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo.
See Gander, Goose.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of several species of sea birds of the genus
Sula, allied to the pelicans.
S.
bassana), is also called solan goose,
chandel goose, and
gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is
commonly called gannet.
Booby gannet. See Sula.
\'d8Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / brightness + / head.]
(Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to
the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured
plates, as in some ganoid fishes.
Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a.
(Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the
Ganocephala.
Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. /
brightness + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the
Ganoidei.
Ganoid scale (Zo\'94l.), one kind
of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of
bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so
arranged as to form a coat of mail.
Ga*noid"al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Ganoid.
\'d8Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone
and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by
a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or
with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.
Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n.
(Zo\'94l.) Ganoid.
Ga"no*ine (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the
enamel of a ganoid scale.
Gan"sa (?), n. Same as
Ganza.
Bp. Hall.
Gant"let (?), n.
[Gantlet is corrupted fr.
gantlope; gantlope is for
gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running
down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to
l\'94pa to run. See Gate a way, and
Leap.] A military punishment formerly
in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of
men facing one another, who struck him as he passed.
To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment
of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe
criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many
hands.
Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights.
Palfrey.
gauntlet.
Gant"let, n. A glove. See
Gauntlet.
Gant"line` (?), n. A line
rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.
<-- p. 612 -->
Gant"lope` (?), n. See
Gantlet. [Obs.]
Gan"try (?), n. See
Gauntree.
Gan"za (?), n. [Sp.
gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See
Gannet, Goose.] A kind of wild
goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to
the lunar world. [Also gansa.]
Johnson.
Gaol (?), n. [See
Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for
minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail.
[Preferably, and in the United States usually, written
jail.]
Commission of general gaol delivery, an
authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for
trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges,
upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and
for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict.
[Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law)
See Jail delivery, under
Jail.
Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a
jail. See Jailer.
Gap (?), n. [OE.
gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw.
gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth,
opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious.
See Gape.] An opening in anything made by
breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an
opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a
breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain
pass.
Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap.
Knolles.
It would make a great gap in your own honor.
Shak.
Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe
with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object
of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to
expose one's self for the protection of something; to make
defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a
fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap,
to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.
Gap, v. t. 1. To notch, as a
sword or knife.
2. To make an opening in; to breach.
Their masses are gapp'd with our grape.
Tennyson.
Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277),
v. i. [imp. & p. p.
Gaped (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS.
geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape,
G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan.
gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the
mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.] 1.
To open the mouth wide; as: (a)
Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds
gape. Dryden.(b)
Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.
She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes,
And asks if it be time to rise.
Swift.
(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise,
astonishment, expectation, etc.
With gaping wonderment had stared aghast.
Byron.
(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or
overcome.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth.
Job xvi. 10.
2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap,
fissure, or hiatus.
May that ground gape and swallow me alive!
Shak.
3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for
something; -- with for, after, or
at.
The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.
Denham.
Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.
Gape, n. 1. The act of gaping;
a yawn.
Addison.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The width of the mouth
when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.
The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning.
(b) A disease of young poultry and other birds,
attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode
worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which
obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.
Gap"er (?), n. 1. One
who gapes.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European
fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large
edible clam (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli), of the Pacific
coast; -- called also gaper clam.
(c) An East Indian bird of the genus
Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.
Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange
sight.
Wright.
Gapes"ing (? , n. Act of
gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]
Gape"worm` (? , n.
(Zo\'94l.) The parasitic worm that causes the
gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.
Gap"ing*stock` (? , n.
One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young
volunteers.
Godwin.
Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having
interstices between the teeth.
Dryden.
Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS.
g\'ber dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the
fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head.
Cf. Goad, Gore, v.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any slender marine fish
of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See
Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See
Alligator gar (under Alligator), and
Gar pike.
Gar pike, Garpike
(Zo\'94l.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the
genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the
lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.
Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See
Gear, n.] To cause; to make.
[Obs. or Scot.]
Spenser.
Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F.
garance madder, LL. garantia.]
(Chem.) An extract of madder by sulphuric acid.
It consists essentially of alizarin.
Garb (?), n. [OF.
garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG.
garaw\'c6, garw\'c6, ornament, dress. akin
to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
1. (a) Clothing in general.
(b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any
person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the
garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c)
Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman
in the 16th century.
2. External appearance, as expressive of the
feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of
speech.
You thought, because he could not speak English in the native
garb, he could not therefore handle an English
cudgel.
Shak.
Garb (?), n. [F.
gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG.
garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh
to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A
sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).
Garb, v. t. To clothe; array;
deck.
These black dog-Dons
Garb themselves bravely.
Tennyson.
Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also
garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed
away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG.
garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E.
garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr.
garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves,
E. garb sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an
animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen;
hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome.
Grainger.
Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels;
to clean. \'bdPilchards . . . are garbaged.\'b8
Holland.
Garbed (?), a. Dressed;
habited; clad.
Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.)
Same as Garboard.
Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble,
v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the
coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]
Gar"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Garbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out,
sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine
precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift;
cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a
coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum
sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E.
Discern); or perh. rather from Ar.
gharb\'bel, gharbil, sieve.]
1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or
valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros
or dirt; as, to garble spices.
[Obs.]
2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a
purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a
quotation; to garble an account.
Gar"ble, n. 1. Refuse;
rubbish. [Obs.]
Wolcott.
2. pl. Impurities separated from
spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called
garblings.
Gar"bler (?), n. One who
garbles.
Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.)
One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a
garboard strake.
Garboard strake streak, the first range or strake of planks
laid on a ship's bottom next the keel.
Totten.
Gar"boil (?), n. [OF.
garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It.
garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh.
fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.]
Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Gar*cin"i*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants,
including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana),
found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in
honor of Dr. Garcin.
Gard (?), n. [See
Garde, Yard] Garden.
[Obs.] \'bdTrees of the gard.\'b8
F. Beaumont.
Gard, v. & n. See Guard.
Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See
Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head
towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or
other beast.
Gar"den (?; 277), n. [OE.
gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F.
jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto,
G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See
Yard an inclosure.] 1. A piece of
ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers,
or vegetables.
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of
country.
I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy,
The pleasant garden of great Italy.
Shak.
Garden is often used adjectively or in
self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers,
garden tools, garden walk,
garden wall, garden house or
gardenhouse.
Garden balsam, an ornamental plant
(Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden
engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering
gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell
glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of
dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding
objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany.
-- Garden house (a) A summer house.
Beau & Fl. (b) A privy.
[Southern U.S.] -- Garden
husbandry, the raising on a small scale of
seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. --
Garden mold ,
rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden.
Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast
nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls.
Knight. -- Garden net, a net for
covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from
birds. -- Garden party, a social party held
out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private
residence. -- Garden plot, a plot
appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a
watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden
engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears,
large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning,
etc. -- Garden spider, (Zo\'94l.),
the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in
gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web.
See Geometric spider, and Spider
web. -- Garden stand, a stand for
flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables
raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden
syringe, a syringe for watering plants,
sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc.
-- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the
market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware,
garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. --
Bear garden, Botanic garden,
etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging
garden. See under Hanging. --
Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are
cultivated for household use. -- Market garden,
a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold
in the markets for table use.
Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gardening.] To lay out or
cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice
horticulture.
Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a
garden.
Gar"den*er (?), n. One who
makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.
\'d8Garde"ni*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some
species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape
jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander
Garden.
Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of
occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens;
horticulture.
Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute
of a garden.
Shelley.
Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a
garden. [R.]
W. Marshall.
Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture.
[Obs.]
Gar"don (?), n. [F]
(Zo\'94l.) A European cyprinoid fish; the
id.
Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F.
gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry
in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in
Edingburgh.
Sir. W. Scott.
Gare (?), n. [Cf.
Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of
sheep.
Blount.
Gare"fowl` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The great auk; also, the razorbill.
See Auk. [Written also gairfowl,
and gurfel.]
Gar"fish` (?), n. [See
Gar, n.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A European marine fish (Belone
vulgaris); -- called also gar,
gerrick, greenback,
greenbone, gorebill,
hornfish, longnose,
mackerel guide, sea needle,
and sea pike. (b) One of
several species of similar fishes of the genus
Tylosurus, of which one species (T.
marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T.
Caribb\'91us, a very large species, and T.
crassus, are more southern; -- called also
needlefish. Many of the common names of the
European garfish are also applied to the American species.
Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf.
Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to
rinse. [Obs.]
Marston.
Gar"ga*ney (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European duck (Anas
querquedula); -- called also cricket
teal, and summer teal.
Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a.
[From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of
Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic,
wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.
Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F.
gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See
Gargarize.] (Med.) A gargle.
Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F.
gargarizare, fr. Gr. /.] To gargle; to
rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Garget (?), n. [OE.
garget, gargate, throat, OF.
gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2,
3, & 4 is not certain.] 1. The throat.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows,
etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.
3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and
loss of appetite.
Youatt.
4. (Bot.) See Poke.
Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf.
Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in
geese, affecting the head.
Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.)
See Gargoyle.
Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb.
n. Gargling (/).] [F.
gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf.
Gargoyle, Gurgle.] 1. To
wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter,
agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an
expulsion of air from the lungs.
2. To warble; to sing as if gargling
[Obs.]
Waller.
Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some
medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat,
especially for a medical effect.
Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf.
Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget.
Mortimer.
\'d8Gar`gou*lette" (?), n.
[F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and
spout; a gurglet.
Mollett.
Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE.
garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp.
g\'a0rgola, prob. fr. the same source as F.
gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare
to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle,
Gargarize.] (Arch.) A spout
projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved
grotesquely. [Written also gargle,
gargyle, and gurgoyle.]
Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.)
See Gargoyle.
Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n. 1.
A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in
shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot
Garibaldi.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A California market fish
(Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet
color.
Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE.
gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf.
gairish.] 1. Showy; dazzling;
ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. \'bdThe
garish sun.\'b8 \'bdA garish flag.\'b8
Shak. \'bdIn . . . garish
colors.\'b8 Asham. \'bdThe garish day.\'b8
J. H. Newman.
Garish like the laughters of drunkenness.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.
It makes the mind loose and garish.
South.
-- Gar"ish*ly, adv. --
Garish*ness, n.
Jer. Taylor.
Gar"land (?), n. [OE.
garland, gerlond, OF. garlande,
F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG.
wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG.
wieren to adorn.]
1. The crown of a king. [Obs.]
Graffon.
2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers,
or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the
head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath.
Pope.
<-- p. 613 -->
3. The top; the thing most prized.
Shak.
4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an
anthology.
They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies
under the name of garlands.
Percy.
5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted
bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b)
A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience
in handling.
Gar"land (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.] To deck
with a garland.
B. Jonson.
Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a
garland.
Shelley.
Gar"lic (?), n. [OE.
garlek, AS. g\'berle\'a0c; gar
spear, lance + le\'a0c leek. See Gar,
n., and Leek.] 1.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium
(A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a
bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste.
Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves
of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily
separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce.
[Obs.]
Taylor (1630).
Garlic mustard, a European plant of the
Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a
strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree,
a tree in Jamaica (Crat\'91va gynandra), bearing a
fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning
taste.
Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or
containing garlic.
Gar"ment (?), n. [OE.
garnement, OF. garnement,
garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See
Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat,
a gown, etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old
garment.
Matt. ix. 16.
Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment;
attired; enveloped, as with a garment.
[Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light
From her own beauty.
Shelley.
Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing;
dress.
Gar"ner (?), n. [OE.
garner, gerner, greiner, OF.
gernier, grenier, F. grenier,
fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st
Grain, and cf. Granary.] A granary;
a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.
Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Garnering.] To gather for
preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure.
Shak.
Gar"net (?), n. [OE.
gernet, grenat, OF.
grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL.
granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate,
granatus having many grains or seeds, fr.
granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in
color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See
Grain, and cf. Grenade,
Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral
having many varieties differing in color and in their
constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and
conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest
color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater
than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the
common forms.
grossularite, essonite, or
cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia
(pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or
aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime
(common garnet, melanite,
allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite,
color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as
gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients.
Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.
Garnet berry (Bot.), the red
currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. --
Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial
dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance
with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt
of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.
Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.]
(Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in our
out.
Clew garnet. See under
Clew.
Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st
garnet + -ferous.] (Min.)
Containing garnets.
Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named
after the French geologist Garnier.]
(Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color;
a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore
of nickel.
Gar"nish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Garnished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garnishing.] [OE.
garnischen, garnissen, OF.
garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn,
F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German
origin; cf. OHG. warn\'d3n to provide, equip; akin to
G. wahren to watch, E. aware,
ware, wary, and cf. also E.
warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf.
Garment, Garrison.] 1. To
decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to
embellish.
All within with flowers was garnished.
Spenser.
2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish,
with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished
with parsley.
3. To furnish; to supply.
4. To fit with fetters. [Cant]
Johnson.
5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give
notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v.
t.
Cowell.
Gar"nish, n. 1. Something added
for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments,
especially such as are showy or decorated.
So are you, sweet,
Even in the lovely garnish of a boy.
Shak.
Matter and figure they produce;
For garnish this, and that for use.
Prior.
2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon
a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v.
t., 2.
Smart.
3. Fetters. [Cant]
4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly
an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a
newcomer. [Cant]
Fielding.
Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a
chamfered or faceted head.
Knight.
Gar`nish*ee" (?), n.
(Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom
garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a
debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or
owing him money.
garnishee order.
Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Garnisheed (-; p. pr.
& vb. n. Garnisheeing.]
(Law) (a) To make (a person) a
garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b)
To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by
garnishment); to trustee.
Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, garnishes.
Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.]
1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal
notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any
matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose
hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money
or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and
give information as garnishee.
3. A fee. See Garnish, n.,
4.
Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F.
garniture. See Garnish, v.
t.] That which garnishes; ornamental appendage;
embellishment; furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields.
Beattie.
\'d8Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small
fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.
Ga"rous (?), a. [From
Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
garum.
Sir T. Browne.
Gar" pike` Gar"pike`.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Gar.
Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael.
garr\'a0n, gearr\'a0n, gelding, work horse,
hack.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Galloway. [Scot. garron or
gerron. Jamieson.]
Gar"ret (?), n. [OE.
garite, garette, watchtower, place of
lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge,
F. gu\'82rite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box,
fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F.
gu\'82rir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG.
werian to protect, defend, hinder, G.
wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and
akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See
Weir, and cf. Guerite.] 1.
A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.]
He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the
gates and walls.
Ld. Berners.
2. That part of a house which is on the upper
floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic.
The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of
Rome.
Macaulay.
Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by
turrets. [Obs.]
R. Carew.
Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who
lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.
Macaulay.
Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small
splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse
masonry.
Weale.
Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE.
garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. &
OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to
garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.)
(a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or
fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in
which troops are quartered for its security.
In garrison, in the condition of a garrison;
doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.
Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.)
(a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its
defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a
fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by
fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a
conquered territory.
Gar"ron (?), n. Same as
Garran. [Scot.]
Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf.
Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small
wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to
compress the arteries of a limb.
Gar"rot, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
European golden-eye.
Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp.
garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic
origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf.
Garrot stick, Garter.] A Spanish
mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed
to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct;
also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is
inflicted.
Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Garroting.] To strangle with the
garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view
to strangle and rob.
Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who
seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to
strangle and rob him.
Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L.
garrulitas: cf. F. garrulit\'82.]
Talkativeness; loquacity.
Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L.
garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf.
Gr. / voice, / to speak, sing. Cf. Call.]
1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or
trivial things; talkative; loquacious.
The most garrulous people on earth.
De Quincey.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a loud, harsh note;
noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous
roller.
Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative,
Loquacious. A garrulous person
indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and
lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great
desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words
at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is
loquacious; an old man in his dotage is
garrulous.
-- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. --
Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.
Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr.
Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the
fish.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of
California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys;
-- called also rockfish. See
Rockfish.
Gar"ter (?), n. [OE.
gartier, F. jarreti\'8are, fr. OF.
garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to
Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See
Garrote.] 1. A band used to prevent
a stocking from slipping down on the leg.
2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of
knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the
Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order
itself.
3. (Her.) Same as
Bendlet.
Garter fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of
the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like
the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter
king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of
England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often
abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter
snake (Zo\'94l.), one of several harmless
American snakes of the genus Eut\'91nia, of several
species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis);
one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous
stripes of color.
Gar"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gartered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gartering.] 1. To bind with a
garter.
He . . . could not see to garter his hose.
Shak.
2. To invest with the Order of the Garter.
T. Warton.
Garth (?), n. [Icel.
gar/r yard. See Yard.] 1.
A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister
garth.
A clapper clapping in a garth
To scare the fowl from fruit.
Tennyson.
2. A dam or weir for catching fish.
Garth, n. [Girth.] A
hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Ga"rum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the
ancients.
Gar"vie (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The spart; -- called also
garvie herring, and
garvock. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Gas (?), n.; pl.
Gases (#). [Invented by the
chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]
1. An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by
chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted
to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen,
hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which
become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage,
since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by
cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original
signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or
a\'89riform state.
2. (Popular Usage) (a) A
complex mixture of gases, of which the most important
constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen,
artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas
coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a
brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for
illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing
gas. (c) Any irrespirable a\'89riform
fluid.
<-- 3. gasoline. -->
Gas is often used adjectively or in
combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter;
gas meter or gas-meter, etc.
Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made
by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter
petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to
be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas
battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery,
in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active
agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas
coke, etc. See under Carbon,
Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous
or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile
matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of
illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas
engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is
produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of
gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of
gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there
by a gas flame or an electric spark.<-- = internal
combustion engine --> -- Gas fitter, one who lays
pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas
fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas
fitter. (b) pl. The appliances
needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters,
pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device
for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to
the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or
drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are
adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in
which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which
volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b)
a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid
hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for
the production of carbonic acid gas, for a\'89rating water,
bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet,
a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine,
an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating
gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for
recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a
particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort
which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas
is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas
stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by
gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas
trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th
Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas
Works), an apparatus within which gas from the
condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water,
to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. --
Gas water, water through which gas has been passed
for purification; -- called also gas liquor
and ammoniacal water, and used for the
manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian
blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep
boring, from which natural gas is discharged.
Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of
gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas
is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing
gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh
gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous
hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the
dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a
natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its
name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas,
and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also
methane, and in coal mines, fire
damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained
from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and
largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly
derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas
(Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water
gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing
steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of
hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating
power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is
charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as
gasoline.<-- = synthesis gas -->
<-- p. 614 -->
Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed
from gas, in imitation of
chandelier.] A chandelier arranged to burn
gas.
Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet
piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from
one or more minute orifices.
Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See
Gaskins, 1.
Lyly.
Gas"con (?; F. ?), a.
[F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or
to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. --
n. A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully.
See Gasconade.
Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F.
gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]
A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging;
braggodocio.
Swift.
Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to
bluster.
Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great
boaster; a blusterer.
Gas"coynes (?), n. pl.
Gaskins.
Beau & Fl.
Gas*e"i*ty (? , n. State
of being gaseous. [R]
Eng. Cyc.
Gas"e*ous (? , a.
[From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]
1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an
a\'89riform fluid.
2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous.
\'bdUnconnected, gaseous information.\'b8
Sir J. Stephen.
Gash (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gashed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.]
[For older garth or garse, OF.
garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh.
from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L.
carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into
parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf.
Carpet.] To make a gash, or long, deep
incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death.
Hayward.
Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an
incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in
flesh.
Gash"ful (?), a. Full of
gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] \'bdA
gashful, horrid, ugly shape.\'b8
Gayton.
Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See
Gasify.] The act or process of converting
into gas.
Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas;
gaseous.
Gas"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gasified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasifying.] [Gas +
-fy.] To convert into gas, or an
a\'89riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical
processes.
Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become
gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.
Scientific American.
Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F.
garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp.
cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.]
1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a
furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common
lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated
lines or bands. Called also casket.
2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp
used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its
pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of
packing.
Gas"kins (?), n.pl. [Cf.
Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or
breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Packing of hemp.
Simmonds.
3. A horse's thighs. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Gas"light` (?), n. 1.
The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating
gas.
2. A gas jet or burner.
Gas"o*gen (?), n.
[Gas + -gen.] 1.
An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for
impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile
liquid.
2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant,
or for charging illuminating gas.
Gas`o*lene (?), n. See
Gasoline.
Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as
Gasalier.
Gas"o*line (? , n.
A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained
from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal.
It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to
water gas. See Carburetor.<-- used as a fuel for
most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered
internal combustion engine -->
Gas*om"e*ter (? , n.
[Gas + -meter. Cf. F.
gazom\'8atre.] An apparatus for holding and
measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at
one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it
is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it
contains, or the pressure required.
{ Gas`o*met"ric (? ,
Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as,
gasometric analysis.
Gas*om"e*try (? , n. The
art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which
treats of the nature and properties of these elastic
fluids.
Coxe.
Gas"o*scope (?), n.
[Gas + -scope.] An
apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a
gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.
Gasp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gasped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.]
[OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp,
Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. g\'84spa,
Dan. gispe to gasp.] 1. To open
the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious
respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to
pant violently.
She gasps and struggles hard for life.
Lloyd.
2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement
desire.
Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with
rain.
Spenser.
Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps;
-- with forth, out, away,
etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath.
Dryden.
Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth
convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a
painful catching of the breath.
At the last gasp, at the point of
death.
Addison.
Gas"per*eau (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The alewife. [Local,
Canada]
Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating
to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the
Gasserian ganglion.
Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large
ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial,
nerve.
Gas"sing (?), n. 1.
(Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods
between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of
gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of
singeing.
2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk.
[Slang]
Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas;
like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of
boastful or insincere talk.
Gast (?), v. t. [OE.
gasten, g/sten to frighten, akin to Goth.
usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and
cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to frighten; to
terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.
Gast"er (?), v. t. To
gast. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / stomach + / a mushroom.]
(Bot.) An order of fungi, in which the spores are
borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the
puffballs.
Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropod.
\'d8Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropoda.
Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropodous.
Gast"ful, Gast"ly (/),
a. [Obs.] See Ghastful,
Ghastly.
Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly
fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.
Gast"ness (?), n. See
Ghastness. [Obs.]
\'d8Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL.,
from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. /
bird.] (Paleon.) A genus of large eocene
birds from the Paris basin.
\'d8Gas*tr\'91"a (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /, /, the stomach.] (Biol.) A
primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according
to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in
the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a
two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have
descended. This idea constitutes the Gastr\'91a theory
of Haeckel. See Gastrula.
\'d8Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /, stomach + / pain.] (Med.)
Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric
disorders.
Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. /, /,
stomach: cf. F. gastrique.] Of, pertaining
to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric
artery.
Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the
conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into
soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric
juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a
fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied
to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal
inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. --
Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin,
watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set
of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It
consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment
pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but
acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent
fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with
pronounced stomach symptoms.
Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr.
gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L.
loqui to speak.] One who appears to speak
from his stomach; a ventriloquist.
Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a.
Ventriloquous. [R.]
Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice
or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach;
ventriloquy.
\'d8Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL.,
from. Gr. /, /, stomach + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its
mucuos membrane.
Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the
Gr. /, /, the stomach, or belly; as in
gastrocolic, gastrocele,
gastrotomy.
Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / the calf of the leg.] (Anat.)
The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the
leg.
Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a.
[Gastro- + colic.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to both the stomach and the
colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great,
omentum.
Gas`tro*disc (?), n.
[Gastro- + disc.]
(Biol.) That part of blastoderm where the
hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the
epibladst.
Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a.
[Gastro- + -duodenal.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum;
as, the gastroduodenal artery.
Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum.
It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.
Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n.
[Gastro- + Gr / sheath + / a cutting]
(Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper
part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the
peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a
substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less
dangerous.
Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a.
[Gastro- + -enteric.]
(Anat. & Med.) Gastrointestinal.
\'d8Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the
stomach and the intestines.
Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a.
[Gastro- + -epiploic.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and
omentum.
Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a.
[Gastro- + -hepatic.]
(Med.) Pertaining to the stomach and liver;
hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser,
omentum.
Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n.
[Gastro- + GR. / womb + / to
cut.] (Surg.) C\'91sarean section. See
under C\'91sarean.
Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a.
[Gastro- + -intestinal.]
(Anat. & Med.) Of or pertaining to the stomach
and intestines; gastroenteric.
Gas`tro*lith (?), n.
[Gastro- + -lith.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Crab's eyes, under
Crab.
Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr /;
/, /, stomach + / discourse: cf. F.
gastrologie.] The science which treats of
the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the
stomach.
\'d8Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, stomach + / softness, fr. /
soft.] (Med.) A softening of the coats of
the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change.
Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n.
[Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F.
gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a)
A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered
from the stomach. (b) A species of
divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent
vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by
magic art.
\'d8Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, stomach + /, /, a fungus.]
(Biol.) The fungoid growths sometimes found in
the stomach; such as Torula, etc.
Gas"tro*myth (?), n.
[Gastro- + Gr. / to say, speak.] One
whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a
ventriloquist. [Obs.]
{ Gas"tro*nome (?),
Gas*tron"o*mer (?), } n.
[F. gastronome, fr. Gr. /, /, stomach + /
law, / to distribute.] One fond of good living; an
epicure.
Sir W. Scott.
Gas`tro*nom"ic (?),
Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (/), a.
[Cf. F. gastronomique.] Pertaining to
gastromony.
Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A
gastromomer.
Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. gastronomie.] The art or science of
good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.
Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a.
[Gastro- + -phrenic.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm;
as, the gastrophrenic ligament.
Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a.
[Gastro- + pneumatic.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the alimentary canal and
air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as,
the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.
Gas"tro*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Gastropoda.
[Written also gasteropod.]
\'d8Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl.,
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, stomach + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of
great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and
the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of
a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body.
The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See
Mollusca. [Written also
Gasteropoda.]
a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including
the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda.
(b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and
Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the
Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.
Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Gastropoda.
Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr./;
/, /, stomach + / a sewing, fr. / to sew: cf. F.
gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The
operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen.
Quincy.
Gas"tro*scope (?), n.
[Gastro- + -scope.]
(Med.) An instrument for viewing or examining the
interior of the stomach.
Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to gastroscopy.
Gas*tros"co*py (?), n.
(Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as
with the gastroscope.
Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n.
[Gastro- + splenic.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and spleen;
as, the gastrosplenic ligament.
Gas*tros"tege (?), n.
[Gastro- + Gr. / roof.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the large scales on the belly
of a serpent.
Gas*tros"to*my (?), n.
[Gastro- + Gr. / mouth.]
(Surg.) The operation of making a permanent
opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.
Gas*trot"o*my (?), n.
[Gastro + Gr. / to cut: cf. F.
gastrotomie.] (Surg.) A cutting
into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.
\'d8Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl.,
[NL., fr. Gr. / belly + /, /, hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of small wormlike animals,
having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an
ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and
annelids.
\'d8Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, stomach + / a wheel.]
(Zo\'94l.) A form of annelid larva having cilia
on the ventral side.
Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a.
[Gastro- + -vascular.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the structure, or performing
the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as,
the gastrovascular cavity of c.
\'d8Gas"tru*la (?), n.;
pl. Gastrul\'91 (#) [NL.,
dim. fr. Gr. / the stomach.] (Biol.) An
embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing
in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the
blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a
double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the
blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the
archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the
hypoblast). See Illust. under
Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in
embryonic development. See Gastr\'91a. --
a. Of or pertaining to a
gastrula.
<-- p. 615 -->
Gas`tru*la"tion (?), n.
(Biol.) The process of invagination, in embryonic
development, by which a gastrula is formed.
\'d8Gas*tru"ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / belly + / tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Stomatopoda.
Gas*tru"rous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gastrura.
Gat (?), imp. of
Get. [Obs.]
Gate (?), n. [OE.
/et, /eat, giat, gate, door,
AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D.,
& Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E.
gate a way, gait, and get, v.
Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.]
1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a
city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.;
also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the
passage can be closed.
2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall,
fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or
opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance
or of exit.
Knowest thou the way to Dover?
Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath.
Shak.
Opening a gate for a long war.
Knolles.
3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the
passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.
4. (Script.) The places which command
the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power;
might.
The gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Matt. xvi. 18.
5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of
the bolt to pass through or into.
6. (Founding) (a) The channel
or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the
ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in
the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also
geat and git.]
Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a
canal lock, which receives the opened gate. -- Gate
channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate
hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. --
Gate money, entrance money for admission to an
inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a
gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva,
a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords
a straight passageway when open. -- Gate vein
(Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break
gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college
inclosure after the hour to which a student has been
restricted. -- To stand in the gate,
, to occupy places or advantage,
power, or defense.
Gate, v. t. 1. To supply with a
gate.
2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within
the gates at an earlier hour than usual.
Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to
SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth.
gatw\'94, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a
door, Gait.] 1. A way; a path; a
road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng.
& Scot.]
I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very
day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my
gate.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. &
Scot.]
Gat"ed (?), a. Having
gates.
Young.
Gate"house` (?), n. A house
connected or associated with a gate.
Gate"less, a. Having no gate.
Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper;
a gate tender.
Gate"post` (?), n. 1.
A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also
swinging .
2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called
also shutting post.
Gate"way` (?), n. A passage
through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in
which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate
designed for ornament or defense.
Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the
manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise.
Fuller.
Gath"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gathered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gathering.] [OE. gaderen,
AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr.
gador, geador, together, fr.
g\'91d fellowship; akin to E. good, D.
gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG.
gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a
sister's son. Good, and cf.
Together.]
1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of
separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to
assemble; to muster; to congregate.
And Belgium's capital had gathered them
Her beauty and her chivalry.
Byron.
When he had gathered all the chief priests and
scribes of the people together.
Matt. ii. 4.
2. To pick out and bring together from among what
is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull;
to pick off; to pluck.
A rose just gathered from the stalk.
Dryden.
Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of
thistles?
Matt. vii. 16.
Gather us from among the heathen.
Ps. cvi. 47.
3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by
little; to amass; to gain; to heap up.
He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he
shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.
Prov. xxviii. 8.
To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money
by degrees.
Locke.
4. To bring closely together the parts or particles
of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or
plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth
by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a
ruffle.
Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand
In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand.
Pope.
5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to
collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or
arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude.
Let me say no more/
Gather the sequel by that went before.
Shak.
6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]
He gathers ground upon her in the chase.
Dryden.
7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer
together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is
rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.
8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up;
as, to gather the slack of a rope.
To be gathered to one's people, to die. Gen. xxv. 8. --
To gather breath, to recover normal breathing
after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest.
Spenser. -- To gather one's self
together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a
great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. --
To gather way (Naut.), to begin to
move; to move with increasing speed.
Gath"er (?), v. i. 1.
To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled;
to congregate.
When small humors gather to a gout.
Pope.
Tears from the depth of some divine despair
Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes.
Tennyson.
2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.
Their snowball did not gather as it went.
Bacon.
3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore,
and generate pus; as, a boil has
gathered.
4. To collect or bring things together.
Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and
gather where I have not strewed.
Matt. xxv. 26.
Gath"er, n. 1. A plait or fold
in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.
2. (Carriage Making) The inclination
forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working
outward.
3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface
of the masonry required in gathering. See
Gather, v. t., 7.
Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises.
[R.]
Godwin.
Gath"er*er (?), n. 1.
One who gathers or collects.
2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for
making gathers in the cloth.
Gath"er*ing, n. 1. The act of
collecting or bringing together.
2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought
together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a
congregation. (b) A charitable contribution;
a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated
or maturated; an abscess.
Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting;
used for gathering or concentrating.
Gathering board (Bookbinding), a
table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to
form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal,
a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about
which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. --
Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw
together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be
slipped over them. -- Gathering peat.
(a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to
preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat
which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the
fiery cross was by the Highlanders.
Gat"ling gun` (/). [From the inventor,
R.J. Gatling.] An American machine gun,
consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a
crank, are automatically loaded and fired.
Gatling gun can be fired at
the rate of 1,200 shots per minute.
Farrow.
Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E.
gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name
given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum
Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle
tree (Euonymus Europ\'91us).
Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE.
gat goat + tooth. See Goat the
animal.] Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth;
lustful; wanton. [Obs.]
\'d8Gauche (?), n. [F.]
1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.
2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; --
applied to curves and surfaces.
\'d8Gauche`rie" (?), n.
[F.] An awkward action; clumsiness;
boorishness.
\'d8Gau"cho (?), n., pl.
Gauchos (/) [Sp.] On of the
native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent.
They live mostly by rearing cattle.
Gaud (?), n. [OE.
gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary,
fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.]
1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a
trinket. \'bdAn idle gaud.\'b8
Shak.
Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir
to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud,
n.] To sport or keep festival.
[Obs.] \'bdGauding with his familiars.
\'b8 [Obs.]
Sir T. North.
Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gauding.] To bedeck gaudily; to
decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint.
[Obs.] \'bdNicely gauded cheeks.\'b8
Shak.
Gaud"-day` (?), n. See
Gaudy, a feast.
Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery;
ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.]
\'bdTarnished gaudery.\'b8
Dryden.
Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful;
showy. [Obs.]
Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy
manner.
Guthrie.
Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being
gaudy.
Whitlock.
Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy.
\'bdGaudish ceremonies.\'b8
Bale.
Gaud"less, a. Destitute of
ornament. [R.]
Gaud"y (?), a.
[Compar. Gaudier (?);
superl. Gauidiest.] 1.
Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or
meretricious.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy.
Shak.
2. Gay; merry; festal.
Tennyson.
Let's have one other gaudy night.
Shak.
Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies
(#) [See Gaud, n.]
One of the large beads in the rosary at which the
paternoster is recited. [Obs.]
Gower.
Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; --
called also gaud-day and gaudy
day. [Oxford Univ.]
Conybeare.
Gaud"y*green` (?), a.
[OE. gaude grene.] Light green.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F.
gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr.
gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See
Waffle, Wafer, and cf. Goffer,
Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute;
to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.
Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of
plaiting or fluting.
Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for
fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower
Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals
into shape.
\'d8Gauf"fre (?), n. [See
Gopher.] (Zo\'94l.) A gopher, esp.
the pocket gopher.
Gauge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gauged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging
(?)] [OF. gaugier, F.
jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod,
F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L.
qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see
Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring
stake in surveying, and E. gallon.]
>[Written also gage.]
1. To measure or determine with a gauge.
2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the
capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.
3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of,
or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a
gunlock.
The vanes nicely gauged on each side.
Derham.
4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a
thread through it, as cloth or a garment.
5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability
of; to estimate; to judge of.
You shall not gauge me
By what we do to-night.
Shak.
Gauge, n. [Written also
gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of
measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or
capacity; a standard.
This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and
groove to equal breadth by.
Moxon.
There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of
minds.
I. Taylor.
2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.
The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and
contempt.
Burke.
3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for
ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a
templet or template; as, a button maker's
gauge.
4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus
for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its
numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some
particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam
gauge.
5. (Naut.) (a) Relative
positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind;
as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when
on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on
the lee side of it. (b) The depth to
which a vessel sinks in the water.
Totten.
6. The distance between the rails of a
railway.
standard gauge of railroads in most
countries is four feet, eight and one half inches.
Wide, or broad, gauge, in the
United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally
any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard
gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two
feet to three feet six inches.
7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster
of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its
setting.
8. (Building) That part of a shingle,
slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also,
one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles.
Gauge of a carriage, car,
etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called
the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop
cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water
level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion
(Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange
striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass,
a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge
lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object
having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a
templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the
diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents
equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in
gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated
rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. --
Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the
depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff,
a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices,
moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge
wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to
determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's
gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to
the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's
gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the
page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for
measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. --
Salt gauge, or Brine gauge,
an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of
saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of
ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument
for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon
gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury,
-- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of
rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other
vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge.
(Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for
gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain
parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc.
(b) A gauge used only for testing other similar
gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the
working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See
Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star
gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for
measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of
its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for
measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. --
Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the
height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a
species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of
the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. --
Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for
indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler;
as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of
the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an
instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given
surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a
gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of
sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under
Wire.
<-- p. 616 -->
Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being gauged.
Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or
measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.
Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to
an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. --
Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under
Gauge, n.
Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges;
an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of
casks.
Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a
gauger.
Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under
Gauge, n.
Gaul (?), n. [F.
Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus
a Gaul.] 1. The Anglicized form of
Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included
France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).
2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.
Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to
ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]
Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw.
gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard
snow.] (Geol.) A series of beds of clay and
marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower
greensand of the Cretaceous period.
\'d8Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous
shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It
includes the American winter-green (Gaultheria
procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern
America (Gaultheria Shallon).
Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw.
gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W.
gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or
suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. \'bdThe
gaunt mastiff.\'b8
Pope.
A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt
and fleshless across our land.
Nichols.
Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.)
See Gantlet.
Gaunt"let (?), n. [F.
gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL.
wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want,
Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. v\'94ttr, for
vantr.] 1. A glove of such
material that it defends the hand from wounds.
2. A long glove, covering the wrist.
3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or
clothes are hung for drying.
To take up the gauntlet, to accept a
challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to
offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down
by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who
accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.
Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a
gauntlet.
Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner;
meagerly.
{ Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try
(?), } n. [F. chantier,
LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis,
sort of frame.] 1. A frame for supporting
barrels in a cellar or elsewhere.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame
carrying a crane or other structure.
Knight.
\'d8Gaur (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian species of
wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an
untamable disposition. [Spelt also
gour.]
Gaure (?), v. i. To gaze; to
stare. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gauze (?), n. [F.
gaze; so called because it was first introduced from
Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight,
transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling
silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton
gauze.
Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening
gauze.
Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze;
thin; light; as, gauze merino
underclothing.
Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality
of being gauzy; flimsiness.
Ruskin.
Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to,
or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.
Gave (?), imp. of
Give.
Gav"el (?), n. A gable.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F.
javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle,
fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W.
gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.] A
small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle.
Wright.
Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a
legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body,
etc.
2. A mason's setting maul.
Knight.
Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS.
gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See
Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.]
(Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.]
See Gabel.
Cowell.
Gav"el*et (?), n. [From
Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An
ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and
London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.]
Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE.
gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel
tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng.
Law) A tenure by which land descended from the father
to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,
dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still
prevails in the county of Kent.
Cowell.
Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as
Gavelock.
Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE.
gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel.
gaflok, MHG. gabil/t, OF.
gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot,
Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E.
glave, gaff] 1. A spear
or dart. [R. & Obs.]
2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. &
North of Eng.]
Ga"ver*ick (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European red gurnard (Trigla
cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Ga"vi\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zo\'94l.)
The division of birds which includes the gulls and
terns.
Ga"vi*al (?), n. [Hind.
ghariu/l: cf. F. gavial.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic crocodilian
(Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also
nako, and Gangetic
crocodile.
gavial has a long, slender muzzle,
teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It
inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also
applied to several allied fossil species.
Gav"ot (? , n. [F.
gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a
mountainous district in France, called Gap.]
(Mus.) A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune,
the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains
in common time, each played twice over. [Written
also gavotte.]
Gaw"by (?), n. A baby; a
dunce. [Prov. Eng.]
Gawk (?), n. [OE.
gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel.
gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G.
gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. g\'82ac cuckoo, Sw.
g\'94k, Dan. gi\'94g] 1.
A cuckoo.
Johnson.
2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky.
Carlyle.
Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky.
Gawk"y (?), a.
[Compar. Gawkier (?);
superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish
and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky
behavior. -- n. A fellow who is awkward from
being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.
Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr.
gallon.] A small tub or lading
vessel. [Prov. Eng.]
Johnson.
Gawn"tree (?), n. See
Gauntree.
Gay (?), a.
[Compar. Gayer (?);
superl. Gayest.] [F.
gai, perhaps fr. OHG. g/hi swift, rapid,
G. g\'84h, j\'84h, steep, hasty; or cf.
OHG. w/hi beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]
1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness
or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.
Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.
Pope.
Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed.
Gray.
2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly
dressed.
Why is my neighbor's wife so gay?
Chaucer.
A bevy of fair women, richly gay
In gems and wanton dress/
Milton.
3. Loose; dissipated; lewd.
[Colloq.]
Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly,
sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous;
joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.
Gay, n. An ornament
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Gay"al (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Southern Asiatic
species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).
\'d8Gay"di*ang (?), n.
(Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three
masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat
resembling a Chinese junk.
Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl.
Gayeties (/). [Written also
gaiety.] [F. gaiet\'82. See
Gay, a.] 1. The state of
being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by,
or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; as,
the gayeties of the season.
2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of
dress.
Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee;
blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See
Liveliness.
Gay"lus-site` (?), n. [Named
after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.]
(Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral,
consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.
Gay"ly (?), adv. 1.
With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies
gayly dressed; a flower gayly
blooming.
Pope.
Gayne (?), v. i. [See
Gain.] To avail. [Obs.]
Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety;
finery. [R.]
Gay"some (?), a. Full of
gayety. Mir. for Mag.
Gay"tre (?), n. [See
Gaitre.] The dogwood tree.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gaze (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gazed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.]
[OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa,
cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us-geisnan
to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly,
Ghost, Hesitate.] To fixx the eyes
in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or
curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious
attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven?
Acts i. 11.
Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To
Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze
is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by
excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to
look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to
stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of
idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the
beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with
wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot
stares on those around with a vacant look.
Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to
gaze on . [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky.
Milton.
Gaze, n. 1. A fixed look; a
look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of
attention.
With secret gaze
Or open admiration him behold.
Milton.
2. The object gazed on.
Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze.
Milton.
At gaze (a) (Her.) With
the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of
the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon
an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing
sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to
describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and
gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence,
standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.
I that rather held it better men should perish one by one,
Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's
moon in Ajalon!
Tennyson.
Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously
formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so
situated as to command an extensive prospect.
[Colloq.]
Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing.
[R.]
Spenser.
Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound
that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent.
Sir W. Scott.
Ga"zel (?), n. The black
currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]
Ga*zel" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Gazelle.
Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F.
gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp.
gacela, Pr. gazella, It.
gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz/l a wild
goat.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several small,
swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus
Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also
algazel, corinne,
korin, and kevel. The
gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of
their eyes. [Written also gazel.]
<-- subtypes -->
Gazella
dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G.
Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the
Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or
Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe
(G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best
known.
Gaze"ment (?), n. View.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Gaz"er (?), n. One who
gazes.
Ga*zet (?), n. [It..
gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L.
gaza royal treasure.] A Venetian coin,
worth about three English farthings, or one and a half
cents. [Obs.]
Ga*zette" (?), n. [F.
gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from
gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to
have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice;
or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to
the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G.
elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet
published periodically; esp., the official journal published by
the British government, and containing legal and state
notices.
Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gazetting.] To announce or publish in a
gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of
bankruptcy.
Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F.
gazetier.] 1. A writer of news, or
an officer appointed to publish news by authority.
Johnson.
2. A newspaper; a gazette.
[Obs.]
Burke.
3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the
names and descriptions, etc., of many places.
4. An alphabetical descriptive list of
anything.
Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person
or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of
curiosity or contempt.
Bp. Hall.
Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F.
gazog\'8ane; gaz gas + -g\'8ane,
E. -gen.] A portable apparatus for making
soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a small scale.
Knight.
Ga*zon" (?), n. [F.
gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G.
wasen.] (Fort.) One of the
pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of
earthworks.
Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See
Y-.
Geal (?), v. i. [F.
geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu.
See Gelid.] To congeal. [Obs. or
Scot.]
Gean (?), n. [F.
guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG.
w\'c6hsila, G. weichsel.]
(Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe
(Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually
small and dark in color.
Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr.
/ the earth + E. anticlinal.]
(Geol.) An upward bend or flexure of a
considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the
formation of a class of mountain elevations called
anticlinoria; -- opposed to
geosynclinal.
Gear (?), n. [OE.
gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing,
adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready,
yare; akin to OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6
ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb
dress.] 1. Clothing; garments;
ornaments.
Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear.
Spenser.
2. Goods; property; household stuff.
Chaucer.
Homely gear and common ware.
Robynson (More's Utopia)
3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear;
manufactured stuff or material.
Clad in a vesture of unknown gear.
Spenser.
4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.
5. Warlike accouterments.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
6. Manner; custom; behavior.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
7. Business matters; affairs; concern.
[Obs.]
Thus go they both together to their gear.
Spenser.
8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel,
or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel
gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively.
(b) An apparatus for performing a special function;
gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe.
(c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in
gear; out of gear.
9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st
Jeer (b).
10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense;
rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
That servant of his that confessed and uttered this
gear was an honest man.
Latimer.
Bever gear. See Bevel gear. --
Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See
Mortise wheel, under Mortise. --
Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the
arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of
the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively;
the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed
gear. See Feed motion, under
Feed, n. -- Gear cutter,
a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by
cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. --
Running gear. See under Running. --
To throw in, ,
gear (Mach.), to connect or
disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of,
working relation.
<-- p. 617 -->
Gear (?) v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gearing.] 1. To
dress; to put gear on; to harness.
2. (Mach.) To provide with
gearing.
Double geared, driven through twofold compound
gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a
machine.
Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in,
or come into, gear.
Gear"ing, n. 1. Harness.
2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion
imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to
another, considered collectively; as, the valve
gearing of locomotive engine; belt
gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting
and varying motion in machinery.
Frictional gearing. See under
Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an
endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to
another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. --
Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs
are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface
(properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting
motion between parallel shafts, etc.
Gea"son (?), a. [OE.
gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS.
g/sne barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.]
Rare; wonderful. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Geat (?), n. [See Gate
a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout
through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting.
[Written also git, gate.]
Ge`car*cin"i*an (?), n. [Gr.
/ earth + / crab.] (Zo\'94l.) A land
crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied
genera.
Geck (?), n. [D. gek
fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr
a pert, rude person.] 1. Scorn, derision, or
contempt. [Prov. Eng.]
2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull.
[Obs.]
To become the geck and scorn
O'the other's villainy.
Shak.
Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken,
G. gecken. See Geck, n.]
1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. To cheat; trick, or gull.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show
contempt.
Sir W. Scott.
Geck"o (?), n.; pl.
Geckoes (#). [Cf. F. & G.
gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal
utters.] (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard of the
family Geckonid\'91. The geckoes are small,
carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and
vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded,
and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over
walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a
few species are found in Europe and the United States. See
Wall gecko, Fanfoot.
Geck*o"tian (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A gecko.
Ged, Gedd (/),
n. The European pike.
Gee (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Geeing.] 1. To agree;
to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.]
Forby.
2. [Cf. G. j\'81, interj., used in
calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F. dia, used to turn a
horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from
the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right
side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the
imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in
directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or
hoi. [Written also
jee.]
gee means to turn
from the driver, and haw to turn
toward him.
Gee ho, Gee whoa.
Same as Gee.
Gee, v. t. [See Gee to
turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or
from the driver. [Written also
jee.]
Geer (?), Geer"ing.
[Obs.] See Gear,
Gearing.
Geese (?), n., pl.
of Goose.
Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG.
geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries.
g, g,
glond, glond, fr. Fries.
g barren. Cf. Geason.]
Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent
origin.
R. Jameson.
Geet (?), n. [See
Jet.] Jet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Geez (?), n. The original
native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See
Ethiopic.
Ge*hen"na (?), n. [L.
Gehenna, Gr. /, Heb. G/
Hinn/m.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley
of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites
sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was
afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a
receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being
kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New
Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to
Hell.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence
And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell.
Milton.
Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived
from, earthy or vegetable mold.
Geic acid. (Chem.) See
Humin.
Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. /
earth.] (Chem.) See Humin.
Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A
glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some
gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an
electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the
name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also
Pl\'81cker tube, from the German physicist who
devised it.
Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr.
/ neighbor + / marriage.] (Bot.)
Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the
same plant.
Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L.
gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See
Geal.] Capable of being congealed; capable of
being converted into jelly.
\'d8Gel"a*da (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli)
of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck
and shoulders of the adult male.
Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. /
inclined to laugh, from / to laugh.] Pertaining to
laughter; used in laughing. \'bdGelastic
muscles.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The formation of gelatin.
Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n.
[Gelatin + -genous.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Producing, or yielding, gelatin;
gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous
tissues.
Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine
(/), n. [F.
g\'82latine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See
Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous
material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling.
Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid,
not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the
hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various
kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.).
Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water,
and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of
calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but
its nutritious qualities are of a low order.
tin and
gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers
on physiological chemistry favors the form in -in, as
in the United States Dispensatory, the United States
Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's
Dictionary.
Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing
about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of
collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied
to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of
gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A
dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for
collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate
process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are
produced by it. (b) (Print.) A
method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings,
printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can
be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of
the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or
electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or
Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an
original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence
transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from
which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. --
Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.
Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gelatinated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin,
or into a substance resembling jelly.
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted
into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.
Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but
gelatinates with the mineral acids.
Kirwan.
Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The
act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like
jelly.
Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as
Gelatin.
Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Gelatin + -ferous.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Yielding gelatin on boiling with
water; capable of gelatination.
Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having
the form of gelatin.
Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n.
Same as Gelatination.
Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t. 1.
To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as
Gelatinate, v. t.
2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise
treat, with gelatin.
Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same
as Gelatinate, v. i.
Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F.
g\'82latineux.] Of the nature and
consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly;
viscous.
Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L.
gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to
freeze.] (Astron.) The process of becoming
solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.
Geld (?), n. [AS.
gild, gield, geld, tribute,
payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See
Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation;
ransom.[Obs.]
geld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by
the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a
man, etc.
Geld (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.]
[Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan.
gilde, Sw. g\'84lla, and cf. AS.
gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not
giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa
siclke.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate.
2. To deprive of anything essential.
Bereft and gelded of his patrimony.
Shak.
3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to
geld a book, or a story; to expurgate.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being gelded.
Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld
money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.]
Burrill.
Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds
or castrates.
Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as
Guelder-rose.
Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel.
gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether,
eunuch, Sw. g\'84lling gelding, Dan.
gilding eunuch. See Geld, v.
t.] A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a
horse, but formerly used also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the
gelding, and Philip baptized him.
Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).
Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n.. from
Geld, v. t.
Gel"id (?), a. [L.
gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See
Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin,
Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen.
\'bdGelid founts.\'b8
Thompson.
Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state
of being gelid.
Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid
manner; coldly.
Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being
gelid; gelidity.
Gel"ly (?), n. Jelly.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. / to
laugh + -scopy.] Divination by means of
laughter.
Ge*lose" (?), n. [See
Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous,
gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and
other seaweeds.
Gel*se"mic (?), a.
Gelseminic.
Gel"se*mine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow
jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white
semicrystalline substance; -- called also
gelsemia.
Gel`se*min"ic (?), n.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the
yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as,
gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance
resembling esculin.
\'d8Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL.,
fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow
(false) jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native
of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously
fragrant flowers.
2. (Med.) The root of the yellow
jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.
Gelt (?), n. [See 1st
Geld.] Trubute, tax.
[Obs.]
All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all
gelts and payments, in a most full and ample
manner.
Fuller.
Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v.
t.] A gelding. [Obs.]
Mortimer.
Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Gem (?), n. [OE.
gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L.
gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1.
(Bot.) A bud.
From the joints of thy prolific stem
A swelling knot is raised called a gem.
Denham.
2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby,
emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when
cut and polished for ornament; a jewel.
Milton.
3. Anything of small size, or expressed within
brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty
or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise
saying.
Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of
glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and
Strass.
Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gemming] 1. To put forth in
the form of buds. \'bdGemmed their blossoms.\'b8
[R.]
Milton.
2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.
3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a
foliage gemmed with dewdrops.
England is . . . gemmed with castles and
palaces.
W. Irving.
Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.]
(Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or
the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or
text).
Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to
the Gemara.
Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed
in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.
Gem"el (?), a. [OF.
gemel twin, F. jumeau, L.
gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus.
See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.]
(Her.) Coupled; paired.
Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets
placed near and parallel to each other.
Gem"el (?), n. 1. One
of the twins. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed
parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel,
under Gemel, a.
Two gemels silver between two griffins passant.
Strype.
Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge
consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel
ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See
Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window
with two bays.
Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L.
gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin +
parere to bear, produce.] Producing
twins. [R.]
Bailey.
Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L.
geminus twin.] A pair.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L.
geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See
Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or
twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate
flowers.
Gray.
Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To
double. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
geminatio.] A doubling; duplication;
repetition. [R.]
Boyle.
\'d8Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L.,
twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j/mi
related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A
constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars
Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of
the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.
Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L.
geminus twin + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.) Having the flowers arranged
in pairs.
Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L.
geminus.] Double; in pairs.
Sir T. Browne.
Gemi*ny (?), n. [See
Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple.
[Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign,
moan.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds
including the true pigeons.
\'d8Gem"ma (?), n.; pl.
Gemm\'91 (#). [L., a bud.]
1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished
from a flower bud.
2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small
spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which
separate one at a time from the parent cell.
Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or
resembling, gems or gemm\'91.
Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L.
gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or
pertaining to gems.
<-- p. 618 -->
Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle
for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems,
collectively.
Gem"mate (?), a. [L.
gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth
buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.)
Having buds; reproducing by buds.
Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds;
adorned with gems or jewels.
Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
gemmation.]
1. (Biol.) The formation of a new
individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding;
an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See
Budding.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the
stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.
Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L.
gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to
gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.
Pennant.
Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F.
gemmif\'8are.] Producing gems or
buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.
Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See
-fy.] (Biol.) The production of a
bud or gem.
Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L.
gemma bud + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers like
buds.
Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state
or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.
{ \'d8Gem*mip"a*ra (?)
\'d8Gem*mip"a*res (?) } n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to
produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals which increase
by budding, as hydroids.
Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n.
(Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See
Budding.
Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F.
gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing
buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.
Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L.
gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.]
The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L.
gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.]
(Biol.) See Gemmation.
Gem"mule (?), n. [L.
gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F.
gemmule. See Gem.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the
plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of
the buds of mosses. (c) One of the
reproductive spores of alg\'91. (d) An
ovule.
2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced
in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the
imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's
hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from
every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system,
and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division
and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were
derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to
the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state
during many generations and are then developed. See
Pangenesis.
Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Gemmule + -ferous.]
Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.
Gem"my (?), a. [From
Gem, n.]
1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a
gem.
The gemmy bridle glittered free.
Tennyson.
2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]
Ge*mote" (?), n. [As.
gem/t an assembly. See Meet, v.
t.] (AS. Hist.) A meeting; -- used in
combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the
wise men.
Gems (?), n. [G.]
(Zo\'94l.) The chamois.
Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to
G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois;
gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock
buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A South African antelope
(Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight
horns.
Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop.,
chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop with
conical tin pipes.
Ge*mul" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small South American deer
(Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns.
[Written also guemul.]
-gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-,
from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see
Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf.
F. -g\'8ane.] 1. A suffix used in
scientific words in the sense of producing,
generating: as, amphigen,
amidogen, halogen.
2. A suffix meaning produced,
generated; as, exogen.
\'d8Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The cheek; the feathered
side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The
part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are
attached.
\'d8Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From
Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or
cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid,
fringe, etc. Simmonds.
\'d8Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl.
Gendarmes (#), or Gens
d'armes. [F.] 1.
(Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry.
[Obs.] [France]
2. An armed policeman in France.
Thackeray.
Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F.
gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes.
Gen"der (?), n. [OF.
genre, gendre (with excrescent
d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus,
generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the
root of genere, gignere, to beget, in
pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin,
and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle,
Genus.]
1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] \'bdOne
gender of herbs.\'b8
Shak.
2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or
Colloq.]
3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns,
primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some
fancied or imputed quality associated with sex.
Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to
words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living
objects.
R. Morris.
Gen"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gendered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gendering.] [OF. gendrer,
fr. L. generare. See Gender,
n.] To beget; to engender.
Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to
breed. [R.]
Shak.
Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender.
Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr.
/ race + E. genesis.] (Biol.)
Alternate generation. See under Generation.
Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a.
Genealogical.
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. g\'82n\'82alogique.] Of or pertaining to
genealogy; as, a genealogical table;
genealogical order. --
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Genealogical tree, a family lineage or
genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its
branches.
Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F.
g\'82n\'82alogiste.] One who traces
genealogies or the descent of persons or families.
Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To
investigate, or relate the history of, descents.
Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Genealogies (#). [OE.
genealogi, genelogie, OF.
genelogie, F. g\'82n\'82alogie, L.
genealogia, fr. Gr. /; / birth, race, descent
(akin to L. genus) + / discourse.]
1. An account or history of the descent of a person
or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their
children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.
2. Regular descent of a person or family from a
progenitor; pedigree; lineage.
Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ race + / a leader.] The chief of a family or
tribe.
Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See
Genus.
Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of being generated.
Johnstone.
Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L.
generabilis.] Capable of being generated or
produced.
Bentley.
Gen"er*al (?), a. [F.
g\'82n\'82ral, fr. L. generalis. See
Genus.] 1. Relating to a genus or
kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a
general law of animal or vegetable economy.
2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not
special or particular; including all particulars; as, a
general inference or conclusion.
3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import;
not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a
loose and general expression.
4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely
spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a
general opinion; a general custom.
This general applause and cheerful s/out
Argue your wisdom and your love to Richard.
Shak.
5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole;
as, Adam, our general sire.
Milton.
6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.
His general behavior vain, ridiculous.
Shak.
7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his
general habit or method.
general, annexed to a name of
office, usually denotes chief or superior;
as, attorney-general; adjutant general;
commissary general; quartermaster general;
vicar-general, etc.
General agent (Law), an agent whom
a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular
kind, or to act in his affairs generally. -- General
assembly. See the Note under Assembly. --
General average, General
Court. See under Average,
Court. -- General court-martial
(Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial
tribunal. -- General dealer (Com.),
a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. --
General demurrer (Law), a demurrer
which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient,
without specifying the defects. Abbott. --
General epistle, a canonical epistle. --
General guides (Mil.), two sergeants
(called the right, and the left, general
guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an
infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching.
Farrow. -- General hospitals
(Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and
wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow.
General issue (Law), an issue made by a
general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment
at once, without offering any special matter to evade it.
Bouvier. Burrill. -- General
lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel,
etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general
account. -- General officer (Mil.),
any officer having a rank above that of colonel. --
General orders (Mil.), orders from
headquarters published to the whole command. -- General
practitioner, in the United States, one who practices
medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any
specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as
surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not
chartered or let to particular parties. -- General
term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a
general conception or notion. -- General verdict
(Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil
actions, \'bdfor the plaintiff\'b8 or \'bdfor the defendant\'b8.
Burrill. -- General warrant
(Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend
suspected persons, without naming individuals.
Syn. General, Common,
Universal. Common denotes
primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is
often met with. General is stronger, denoting that
which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a
genus, or whole. Universal, that which
pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write
is so common an attainment in the United States, that
we may pronounce it general, though by no means
universal.
Gen"er*al (?), n. [F.
g\'82n\'82ral. See General.,
a.]
1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or
relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to
particular.
In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by
degrees to generals.
Locke.
2. (Mil.) One of the chief military
officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of
a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the
highest military rank next below field marshal.
General of
the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been
held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H.
Sheridan. <-- = 5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing?
-->Popularly, the title General is given to various
general officers, as General, Lieutenant general,
Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See
Brigadier general, Lieutenant general,
Major general, in the Vocabulary.
3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which
calls the troops together; as, to beat the
general.
4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of
monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same
rule.
5. The public; the people; the vulgar.
[Obs.]
Shak.
In general, in the main; for the most
part.
\'d8Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl.
[Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]
Generalities; general terms.
J. S. Mill.
Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n.
[It., superl. of generale general. See
General, a.] The chief commander
of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army
consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate
commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.
Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Generalities (#). [L.
generalitas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralit\'82.
Cf. Generalty.]
1. The state of being general; the quality of
including species or particulars.
Hooker.
2. That which is general; that which lacks
specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague
statement or phrase.
Let us descend from generalities to
particulars.
Landor.
The glittering and sounding generalities of natural
right which make up the Declaration of Independence.
R. Choate.
3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part;
as, the generality of a nation, or of
mankind.
Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a.
Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form
of statement, or brought under a general rule.
Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable.
Coleridge
Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralisation.]
1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of
bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class;
deduction of a general principle from particulars.
Generalization is only the apprehension of the one
in the many.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A general inference.
Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Generalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
g\'82n\'82raliser.]
1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view
in relation to a genus or to genera.
Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by
merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton
generalized them still more by referring this last to
the motion of a stone through the air.
W. Nicholson.
2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with
a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all
special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or
rule.
When a fact is generalized, our discontent is
quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an
explanation.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a
general principle) from particulars.
A mere conclusion generalized from a great
multitude of facts.
Coleridge.
Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a
genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to
take general or comprehensive views.
Gen"er*al*ized (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Comprising structural characters which
are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a
generalized type.
Gen"er*al*i`zer (/), n. One
who takes general or comprehensive views.
Tyndall.
Gen"er*al*ly, adv. 1. In
general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most
frequently.
2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the
main; upon the whole; comprehensively.
Generally speaking, they live very quietly.
Addison.
3. Collectively; as a whole; without
omissions. [Obs.]
I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered
unto thee.
2 Sam. xvii. ll.
Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or
quality of being general; frequency; commonness.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gen"er*al*ship, n. 1. The
office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general;
-- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a
general.
Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince
Eugene.
Goldsmith.
2. Military skill in a general officer or
commander.
3. Fig.: Leadership; management.
An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a
dust.
Sterne.
Gen"er*al*ty (?), n.
Generality. [R.]
Sir M. Hale.
Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L.
generans, p. pr. of
generare.] Generative; producing;
esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant.
Gen"er*ant, n. 1. That which
generates.
Glanvill.
2. (Geom.) A generatrix.
Gen"er*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Generated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Generating.] [L. generatus,
p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus.
See Genus, Gender.]
1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce
(a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every
animal generates its own species.
2. To cause to be; to bring into life.
Milton.
3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical
process; to produce; to cause.
Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must
likewise generate milk.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line,
figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of
inferior order.
<-- p. 619 -->
Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE.
generacioun, F. g\'82n\'82ration, fr.L.
generatio.] 1. The act of
generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.
2. Origination by some process, mathematical,
chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the
generation of sounds, of gases, of curves,
etc.
3. That which is generated or brought forth;
progeny; offspiring.
4. A single step or stage in the succession of
natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body
of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an
ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the
average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which
one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child,
usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age.
This is the book of the generations of Adam.
Gen. v. 1.
Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long
season, namely, seven generations.
Baruch vi. 3.
All generations and ages of the Christian
church.
Hooker.
5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.
Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be
a dog?
Shak.
6. (Geom.) The formation or production
of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by
the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or
a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve
by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a
semicircle, etc.
7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the
functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.
scissiparity or by fissiparous generation,
gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or
by germs, and oviparity or by ova.
Alternate generation (Biol.),
alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the
products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form
of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In
the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation
produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These,
however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their
impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more
complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced
agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and
these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a
generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the
original form is reproduced. -- Spontaneous
generation (Biol.), the fancied production
of living organisms without previously existing parents from
inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion
which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.
Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
g\'82n\'82ratif.] Having the power of
generating, propagating, originating, or producing.
\'bdThat generative particle.\'b8
Bentley.
Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who, or that which, generates, begets,
causes, or produces.
2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed
from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a
steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid
gas, etc.
3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds
by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the
common chord; -- called also generating
tone.
Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L.
Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes
(#). [L.] (Geom.) That
which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which,
by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface,
or solid; -- called also describent.
{ Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al
(?), } a. [L. genus,
generis, race, kind: cf. F.
g\'82n\'82rique. See Gender.]
1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or
kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from
another genus; as, a generic description; a
generic difference; a generic name.
2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to
large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to
specific.
Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a
genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal
generically distinct from another, or two animals or
plants generically allied.
Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being generic.
Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] The act or process of
generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by
generification.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L.
generositas: cf. F.
g\'82n\'82rosit\'82.] 1. Noble
birth. [Obs.]
Harris (Voyages).
2. The quality of being noble;
noble-mindedness.
Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid
estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities.
Barrow.
3. Liberality in giving; munificence.
Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.
Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F.
g\'82n\'82reux, fr. L. generous of noble
birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth,
race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn.
[Obs.]
The generous and gravest citizens.
Shak.
2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly
reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable;
magnanimous; spirited; courageous. \'bdThe
generous critic.\'b8 Pope. \'bdHis
generous spouse.\'b8 Pope. \'bdA
generous pack [of hounds].\'b8 Addison.
3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or
niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or
father.
4. Characterized by generosity; abundant;
overflowing; as, a generous table.
Swift.
5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating;
exalting; as, generous wine.
Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal.
-- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. --
Gen"er*ous*ness, n.
Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.)
The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the
American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of
this period crop out in Genesee, New York.
Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or
relating to generation.
Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. /
birth + -logy.] The doctrine or science of
generation.
Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr.
/, fr. the root of / to beget, be born; akin to L.
genus birth, race. See Gender.]
1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin
to anything; the process or mode of originating; production;
formation; origination.
The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club.
Carlyle.
2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so
called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history
of the creation of the world and of the human race.
3. (Geom.) Same as
Generation.
Gen"et (?), Ge*nette"
(/), n. [F. genette, Sp.
gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei/.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of
small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the
civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a
pouch.
Genetta vulgaris) of
Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray,
spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white.
The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G.
pardina), are related African species.
2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta
vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this
fur.
Gen"et (?), n. [See
Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned,
Spanish horse; a jennet.
Shak.
Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L.
genethliacus, Gr. /, fr. / belonging to one's
birth, / birth, fr. / to be born.] Pertaining to
nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars
at one's birth.
Howell.
Ge*neth"li*ac, n. 1. A birthday
poem.
2. One skilled in genethliacs.
Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a.
Genethliac.
Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The
science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future
events of life from the stars which preside at birth.
Jhonson.
Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/ astrology; / birth + / discourse.] Divination
as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting
nativities; astrology.
Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One
who calculates nativities.
Sir W. Drummond.
Ge*net"ic (?), a. Same as
Genetical.
Ge*net"ic*al (?), a. [See
Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with, or
determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of
production or development.
This historical, genetical method of viewing prior
systems of philosophy.
Hare.
Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical
manner.
Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city
of Switzerland.
Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into
English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva
(Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible
printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the
first which recognized the division into verses, and the first
which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and
soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called
also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva
convention (Mil.), an agreement made by
representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and
signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation
regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of
those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military
hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects
physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great
Britain signed the convention in 1865. -- Geneva
cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white
ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva
convention.
Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F.
geni\'8avre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF.
geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the
juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F.
geni\'8avre. See Juniper, and cf.
Gin a liquor.] A strongly alcoholic liquor,
flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin;
Hollands.
Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.
Ge*ne"van, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Geneva.
2. A supported of Genevanism.
Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From
Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict
Calvinism.
Bp. Montagu.
Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L.
Genevensis, F. g\'82nevois.] Of
or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. --
n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of
Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of
Geneva.
Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.)
Same as Genian.
Gen"ial (?), a. [L.
genialis: cf. OF. genial. See
Genius.] 1. Contributing to, or
concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative;
productive. \'bdThe genial bed.\'b8
Milton.
Creator Venus, genial power of love.
Dryden.
2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the
enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial
and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy;
enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and
genial disposition.
So much I feel my genial spirits droop.
Milton.
3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character;
native; natural; inborn. [Obs.]
Natural incapacity and genial indisposition.
Sir T. Browne.
4. Denoting or marked with genius/ belonging to
the higher nature. [R.]
Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their
less genial works.
Hare.
Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the
powers supposed to preside over marriage and
generation.
Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L.
genialitas.] The quality of being genial;
sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and
manners.
Gen"ial*ly (?), adv. 1.
By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]
Some men are genially disposed to some
opinions.
Glanvill.
2. Gayly; cheerfully.
Johnson.
Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being
genial.
Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. / chin;
akin to / under jaw. Cf. Chin.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin; mental;
as, the genian prominence.
Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L.
geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee,
knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See
Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle, like the
knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a
geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin
crystal.
Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Geniculated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Geniculating.] To form joints or knots
on. [R.]
Cockeram.
Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as
Geniculate.
Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
geniculatio a kneeling.]
1. The act of kneeling. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
2. The state of being bent abruptly at an
angle.
\'d8G\'82`nie (?), n.
[F.] See Genius.
\'d8Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See
Genius.] A man of a particular turn of
mind. [R.]
Tatler.
Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. /
the chin + E. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of
or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the
geniohyoid muscle.
Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.)
The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa
Americana) of the order Rubiace\'91. It is oval
in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color,
and with dark purple juice.
\'d8Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L.,
broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including
the common broom of Western Europe.
Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L.
genitalis, fr. genere, gignere,
to beget: cf. F. g\'82nital. See
Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the
generative organs.
Genital cord (Anat.), a cord
developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian
and M\'81llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital
passages in both sexes.
Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From
Genital, a.: cf. L.
genitalia.] The organs of generation; the
sexual organs; the private parts.
Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See
Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens
very early.
Bacon.
Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing
genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case;
as, a genitival adverb. --
Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.
Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L.
genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum,
to beget: cf. F. g\'82nitif. See
Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining
to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which
expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive
case in English.
Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The
genitive case.
Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek
similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative
absolute.
Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a.
[Genital + crural.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the genital organs and the
thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.
Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who begets; a generator; an
originator.
Sheldon.
2. pl. The genitals.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a.
[Genital + urinary.]
(Anat.) See Urogenital.
Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L.
genitura: cf. F. g\'82niture.]
Generation; procreation; birth.
Dryden.
Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E.
Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L.
Genii (#). [L. genius,
prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in
everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person
or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere,
gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender,
and cf. Engine.] 1. A good or evil
spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a
man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a
spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee.
The unseen genius of the wood.
Milton.
We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The
genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn
by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity.
Tylor.
2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each
individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of
mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for
certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit;
special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a
genius for history, for poetry, or painting.
3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a
nation, a religion, a language.
4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon
intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or
origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as,
a man of genius.
Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual
intensity of the modifyng power.
Coleridge.
5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man
of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a
rare genius.
Syn. -- Genius, Talent.
Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature,
impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort,
and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc.
Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a
peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific
employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is
connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and
reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent
depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of
all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we
speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a
talent for business or diplomacy. Among English
orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his
genius; William Pitt for his pre\'89minent
talents, and especially his unrivaled
talent for debate.
<-- p. 620 -->
\'d8Genius loci (/) [L.],
the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the
pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college,
etc.
Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n.
sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa;
collectively, the people of Genoa.
\'d8Ge*nouil`l\'8are" (?), n.
[F.]
1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering
the knee.
2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which
lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an
embrasure.
-ge*nous. [-gen +
-ous.] A suffix signifying
producing, yielding; as,
alkaligenous; endogenous.
\'d8Genre (?), n. [F. See
Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of
painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates
everyday life and manners.
\'d8Gens (?), n.; pl.
Gentes (#). [L. See
Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)
1. A clan or family connection, embracing several
families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain
common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or
tribe.
2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a
tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a
common descent, and bear the same totem.
Gent (?), a. [OF.
gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.)
fr. gentilis. See Genteel.]
1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth.
[Obs.]
All of a knight [who] was fair and gent.
Chaucer.
2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Her body gent and small.
Chaucer.
Gen*teel" (?), a. [F.
gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See
Gentle.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting
the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and
breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior;
adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred;
as, genteel company, manners, address.
2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance,
dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel
person. Law.
3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman;
as, to live in a genteel allowance.
Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.
Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel.
Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel
manner.
Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being
genteel.
Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie
(/), n. [OE. See
Gentry.] Nobility of birth or of character;
gentility. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gen"tian (?), n. [OE.
genciane, F. gentiane, L.
gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king,
said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.)
Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous
plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed
corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See
Illust. of Capsule.
Gentiana verna, Bavarica,
and excisa), and the American fringed gentians
(G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are
used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana
lutea, the officinal gentian of the
pharmacop
Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow
gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian
(Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.
Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Gentianace\'91) of which the gentian is the
type.
Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See
Gentian.] A kind of blue color.
Johnson.
Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic
acid.
Gen"tian*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance
obtained from gentian.
Gen"tian*ose` (?), n.
(Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance,
with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.
Gen"til (?), a. & n.
Gentle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gen"tile (?), n. [L.
gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race,
people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a
foreigner; in opposition to Jew or
Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See
Gentle, a.] One of a non-Jewish
nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false
gods; a heathen.
g\'d3yim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had
not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The
Christians translated g\'d3yim by the L.
gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name
gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor
Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all
nations who were not Romans.
Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.
Gen"tile, a. 1. Belonging to
the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews;
ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.
2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country;
as, a gentile noun or adjective.
Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Falcon-gentil.
Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF.
gentilesse, gentelise, F.
gentillesse. See Gentle. a.]
Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish;
pagan.
Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
gentilisme.]
1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false
gods.
2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's
gens.
{ Gen`ti*li"tial (?),
Gen`ti*li"tious (?), } a.
[L. gentilitius. See Gentile.]
[Obs.]
1. Peculiar to a people; national.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Hereditary; entailed on a family.
Arbuthnot.
Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L.
gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the
same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilit\'82
heathenism. See Gentile.]
1. Good extraction; dignity of birth.
Macaulay.
He . . . mines my gentility with my education.
Shak.
2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those
who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy,
politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior,
etc.; good breeding.
3. The class in society who are, or are expected to
be, genteel; the gentry. [R.]
Sir J. Davies.
4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See
Gentile.]
1. To live like a gentile or heathen.
[Obs.]
Milton.
2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see
It, 5). [Obs.]
Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or
gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy
sones. [R.]
Sylvester.
Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From
Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble
manner; frankly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n.
[Gentian + Gr. / bitter.]
(Chem.) A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance,
regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.
Gen"ti*sin (?), n.
(Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline
substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also
gentianin.
Gen"tle (?), a.
[Compar. Gentler (?);
superl. Gentlest (?).]
[OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty,
graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race,
fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig.
that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of
genere, gignere, to beget; hence
gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good
or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel,
Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo,
Jaunty.] 1. Well-born; of a good
family or respectable birth, though not noble.
British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and
yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or
simple.
Johnson's Cyc.
The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth
ought to bestow their time.
Milton.
2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh,
or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a
gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle
manner; a gentle address; a gentle
voice.
3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or
conciliation; as, gentle reader.
\'bdGentle sirs.\'b8 \'bdGentle Jew.\'b8
\'bdGentle servant.\'b8
Shak.
4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and
docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle
horse.
5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or
disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle
touch; a gentle gallop. \'bdGentle
music.\'b8
Sir J. Davies.
O sleep! it is a gentle thing.
Coleridge.
The gentle craft, the art or trade of
shoemaking.
Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful;
pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. --
Gentle, Tame, Mild,
Meek. Gentle describes the natural
disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training;
mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily
provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to
mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is
gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John,
the Apostle, was mild; Moses was
meek.
Gen"tle, n. 1. One well born; a
gentleman. [Obs.]
Gentles, methinks you frown.
Shak.
2. A trained falcon. See
Falcon-gentil.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A dipterous larva used as
fish bait.
Gent"le, v. t. 1. To make
genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable.
[R. or Poet.]
To gentle life's descent,
We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain.
Young.
3. To make kind and docile, as a horse.
[Colloq.]
Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks`
(/), n. pl. Persons of gentle or
good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in
the plural form.]
Shak.
Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having
a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. --
Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness,
n.
Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl.
Gentlemen (#). [OE.
gentilman nobleman; gentil noble +
man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]
1. A man well born; one of good family; one above
the condition of a yeoman.
2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred
man.
3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no
title.
4. The servant of a man of rank.
The count's gentleman, one Cesario.
Shak.
5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp.
in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular
assemblies, etc.
gentleman is
applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who
are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen
hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more
extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman,
comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is
applied to men of education and good breeding of every
occupation.
Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class
of commoners at the University of Oxford. -- Gentleman
usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a
sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black
rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter,
whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House
of Lords. -- Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of
forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions;
formerly called gentlemen pensioners.
[Eng.]
Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The
qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.]
Thackeray.
{ Gen"tle*man*like` (?),
Gen"tle*man*ly (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman;
well-behaved; courteous; polite.
Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The
state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.
Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or
quality of a gentleman.
Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of
being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.;
gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.;
mildness.
Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or
conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.]
Ascham.
Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse;
gentleness. [Obs.]
Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Gentlewomen (/).
1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a
woman above the vulgar.
Bacon.
2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank.
Shak.
Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle
manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made.
Dryden.
Gen*too" (?), n.; pl.
Gentoos (#). [Pg.
gentio gentile, heathen. See Gentile.]
A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo.
[Archaic]
Gen"try (?), n. [OE.
genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility,
cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise,
genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE.
genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent,
a., Gentle, a.] 1.
Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.]
\'bdPride of gentrie.\'b8
Chaucer.
She conquers him by high almighty Jove,
By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's
oath.
Shak.
2. People of education and good breeding; in
England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and
the yeomanry.
Macaulay.
3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance.
[Obs.]
To show us so much gentry and good will.
Shak.
Gen"ty (?), a. [From F.
gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat;
trim. [Scot.]
Burns.
\'d8Ge"nu (?), n.; pl.
Genua (#). [L., the knee.]
(Anat.) (a) The knee. (b)
The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of
the brain.
Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Genuflecting.] [See
Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in
worship.
Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F.
g\'82nuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L.
genu knee + flexio a bending, fr.
flectere, flexum, to bend. See
Knee, Flexible.] The act of bending
the knee, particularly in worship.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L.
genuinus, fr. genere, gignere,
to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. g\'82nuine. See
Gender.] Belonging to, or proceeding from,
the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious,
false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure;
as, a genuine text; a genuine production;
genuine materials. \'bdTrue,
genuine night.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed;
unadulterated. See Authentic.
-- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. --
Gen"u*ine*ness, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against the
genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming.
Macaulay.
Ge"nus (?), n.; pl.
Genera (#). [L., birth, race,
kind, sort; akin to Gr. /. See Gender, and cf.
Benign.]
1. (Logic) A class of objects divided
into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a
species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of
the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.
2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species,
having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in
the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common
substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable
group of species, for it may often be divided into several
subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is
natural genus; if its definition can not be made
clear, it is more or less an artificial genus.
Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few,
and some by only one known species.
Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus
which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by
quadruped, which is also a species of
mammal. -- Summum genus [L.]
(Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not
be classed as a species, as being .
\'d8Ge"nys (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / the under jaw.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Conys.
{ Ge`o*cen"tric (?),
Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /, /, the earth + / center: cf. F.
g\'82ocentrique.] (Astron.)
(a) Having reference to the earth as center; in
relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to
heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the
geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet.
(b) Having reference to the center of the
earth.
Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle
included between the radius of the earth through the place and
the plane of the equator, in distinction from
geographic latitude. It is a little less than the
geographic latitude.
Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a
geocentric manner.
Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead: cf. G.
geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray
or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of
sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of
arsenic.
Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / circle .]
1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the
revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic
machine.
2. Circling the earth periodically.
Ge"ode (?), n. [F.
g\'82ode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. / earthlike;
/, /, the earth + / form.] (Min.)
(a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined
with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The
cavity in such a nodule.
<-- p. 621 -->
Ge`o*deph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
/, /, earth + / eating one's fill; gluttonous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Living in the earth; -- applied to the
ground beetles.
{ Ge`o*des"ic (?), Ge`o*des"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
g\'82od\'82sique.] (Math.) Of or
pertaining to geodetic.
Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or
curve.
Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed
in geodesy.
Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/, /, the earth + / to divide: cf. F.
g\'82od\'82sie.] (Math.) That
branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of
observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large
portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and
dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which
the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the
surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.
{ Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy;
engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic
surveying; geodetic observers.
Geodetic line curve,
the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the
elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given
surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point
shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that
can be drawn on any surface between any two points.
Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic
manner; according to geodesy.
Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as
Geodesy.
Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a.
[Geode + -ferous.]
(Min.) Producing geodes; containing geodes.
Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American
Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A gigantic clam
(Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North
America, highly valued as an article of food.
Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See
Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth.
[R.]
G. Eliot.
Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F.
g\'82ognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a
geologist. [R.]
{ Ge`og*nos"tic (?),
Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. g\'82ognostique.] Of or
pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the
earth; geological. [R.]
Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / knowing, knowledge, fr. / to know: cf. F.
g\'82ognosie.] That part of geology which
treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general
exterior and interior constitution.
{ Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
g\'82ogonique.] Of or pertaining to
geogony, or to the formation of the earth.
Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / generation, birth, fr. the root of / to be
born: cf. F. g\'82ogonie.] The branch of
science which treats of the formation of the earth.
Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One
versed in geography.
{ Ge`o*graph"ic (?),
Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. geographicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
g\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to
geography.
Geographical distribution. See under
Distribution. -- Geographic latitude
(of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or
normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and
the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric
latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure
and a true sphere. -- Geographical mile. See
under Mile. -- Geographical variation,
any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or
other geographical conditions.
Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
geographical manner or method; according to geography.
Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl.
Geographies (#). [F.
g\'82ographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. /;
/, /, the earth + / description, fr. / to write,
describe. See Graphic.] 1. The
science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a
description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including
its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the
people by whom it is inhabited.
2. A treatise on this science.
Astronomical, or
Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a
planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and
longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's
diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical
geography treats of the conformation of the earth's
surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals,
plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to
the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions,
etc. -- Political geography treats of the
different countries into which earth is divided with regard to
political and social and institutions and conditions.
Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / worship.] The worship of the
earth.
G. W. Cox.
The Geological Series.
<-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes
one column from top to bottom of the page here -->
{ Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an
(?), } n. A geologist.
{ Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
g\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to
geology, or the science of the earth.
Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological
manner.
Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F.
G\'82ologiste.] One versed in the science
of geology.
Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Geologized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing
(?).] To study geology or make
geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a
geologist.
During midsummer geologized a little in
Shropshire.
Darwin.
Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Geologies (#). [Gr. /, /, the
earth + -logy: cf. F. g\'82ologie.]
1. The science which treats: (a) Of the
structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural
geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks,
minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.;
historical geology. (c) Of the causes and
methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions
have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of
The Geological Series.
2. A treatise on the science.
Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / a leveling.] (Biol.)
The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth,
to the force of gravitation.
Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who
practices, or is versed in, geomancy.
Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE.
geomance, geomancie, F.
g\'82omance, g\'82omancie, LL.
geomantia, fr. Gr. /, /, the earth + /
divination.] A kind of divination by means of figures
or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the
earth, and latterly on paper.
{ Ge`o*man"tic (?),
Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. g\'82omantique.] Pertaining or
belonging to geomancy.
Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F.
g\'82om\'8atre, L. geometres,
geometra, fr. Gr. /, fr. /, /, the earth + /
measure. See Meter measure.] 1. One
skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.
I. Watts.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of geometrid
moth; a geometrid.
Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F.
g\'82om\'82tral.] Pertaining to
geometry. [Obs.]
{ Ge`o*met"ric (?),
Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[L. geometricus; Gr. /: cf. F.
g\'82om\'82trique.] Pertaining to, or
according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by
geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a
problem.
Geometric is often used, as opposed to
algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which
the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather
than those of algebra.
Geometrical is often used in a limited or
strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical;
thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which
can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e.,
by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or
solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line
or circle as would generate any other curve, is not
geometrical, but mechanical. By another
distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by
the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is
exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by
trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is
only approximate and empirical.
Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic
curve; -- so called because their different points may be
constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. --
Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank
notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; --
called also cycloidal engine. --
Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. --
Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric
curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a
revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by
changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. --
Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as
Ground plane . -- Geometrical
progression, proportion,
ratio. See under Progression,
Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical
radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a
cogwheel. Knight. -- Geometric spider
(Zo\'94l.), one of many species of spiders, which
spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira
and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden
spider. -- Geometric square, a portable
instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining
distances and heights by measuring angles. --
Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are
supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical
tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery
arranged in geometrical figures.
<-- p. 622 -->
Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv.
According to the rules or laws of geometry.
Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One
skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.
Ge*om"e*trid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining or belonging to the
Geometrid\'91.
Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family
Geometrid\'91; -- so called because their larv\'91
(called loopers, measuring worms,
spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a
looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are
injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.
Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Geometrized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing
(?).] To investigate or apprehend
geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical
constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of
geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all
things.
Sir T. Browne.
Ge*om"e*try (?), n; pl.
Geometries (#) [F.
g\'82om\'82trie, L. geometria, fr. Gr. /,
fr. / to measure land; /, /, the earth + / to measure. So
called because one of its earliest and most important
applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See
Geometer.] 1. That branch of
mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and
measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science
which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the
science of the relations of space.
2. A treatise on this science.
Analytical, ,
geometry, that branch of mathematical
analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of
the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. --
Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which
treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three
dimensions. -- Elementary geometry, that part
of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight
lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces,
the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher
geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those
properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less
simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the
second and higher degrees.
Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, earth + / to eat.] The act or habit of eating
earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt.
Dunglison.
Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who
eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.
Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a.
Earth-eating.
\'d8Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr./, /, earth + / to love.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Mollusca which
includes the land snails and slugs.
{ Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. /; /, /,
earth + / toilsome, fr. / labor: cf. F.
g\'82oponique.] Pertaining to tillage of
the earth, or agriculture.
Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. g\'82oponique.] The art or science
of cultivating the earth; agriculture.
Evelin.
Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / sight, view, / to see, view: cf. F.
g\'82orama.] A hollow globe on the inner
surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined
by one standing inside.
Geor"die (?), n. A name given
by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp.
Raymond.
George (?), n. [F.
George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr.
/ husbandman, laborer; /, /, the earth + / to work; akin
to E. work. See Work.]
1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of
England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the
Garter. See Garter.
2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.]
Dryden.
George" no`ble (?). [So called from the
image of St. George on it.] A gold noble of
the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.
Geor"gi*an (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of
the United States.
2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four
Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian
era.
<-- five? -->
Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller
in, Georgia.
Geor"gic (?), n. [L.
georgicum (sc. carmen), and
georgica, pl., Gr. /, and /: cf. F.
g\'82orgiques, pl. See Georgic,
a.] A rural poem; a poetical composition on
husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as,
the Georgics of Virgil.
{ Geor"gic (?), Geor"gic*al
(?), } a. [L.
georgicus, Gr. /, fr. / tillage, agriculture: cf.
F. g\'82orgique. See George.]
Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.
\'d8Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star
of George (III. of England).]
(Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its
discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.
Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + -scopy: cf. F.
g\'82oscopie.] Knowledge of the earth,
ground, or soil, obtained by inspection.
Chambers.
Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/, /, the earth + / moon.] Pertaining to the
earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations
of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic
phenomena.
Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. /,
/, earth + E. static.] (Civil
Engin.) Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or
similar substance.
Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted
to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth.
Rankine.
Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, the earth + E. synclinal.]
(Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the
earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of
sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a
mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal.
Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n.
[Gr. /, /, the earth + E. thermometer.]
(Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for
measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the
ground.
Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. /, /,
the earth.] Belonging to earth; terrestrial.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See
Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to,
or showing, geotropism.
Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the earth + / to turn.] (Biol.) A
disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence
of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an
organ.
positively geotropic, and
those growing in the opposite direction negatively
geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to
have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of
division of the ovum.
\'d8Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a dam, a bridge.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of marine Annelida, in which
the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and
is mostly without set\'91.
Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. --
n. One of the Gerphyrea.
Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n.
[Gephyrea + -oid.]
Gephyrean.
Ge*pound" (?), n. See
Gipoun. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb.
g/rah, lit., a bean.] (Jewish
Antiq.) A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a
shekel.
Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
pants (Geraniace\'91) which includes the genera
Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.
{ Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine
(?), } n. [See
Geranium.]
1. (Med.) A valuable astringet obtained
from the root of the Geranium maculatum or
crane's-bill.
2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained
from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having
a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also
geranium.]
Ge*ra"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, from / crane: cf. F. g\'82ranium. See
Crane, n.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a
beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are
arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints.
Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called
sometimes crane's-bill.
2. (Floriculture) A cultivated
pelargonium.
Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated
from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes
all the commonly cultivated \'bdgeraniums\'b8, mostly natives of
South Africa.
Ge"rant (?), n. [F.
g\'82rant.] The manager or acting partner
of a company, joint-stock association, etc.
Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a
sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental
firework.
Farrow.
{ Ger"bil (?), \'d8Ger`bille"
(?), } n. [F. gerbille.
Cf. Jerboa.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus
Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the
jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.
Ger*bo"a (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The jerboa.
Gere (?), n. Gear.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ge"rent (?), a. [L.
gerens, p. pr. of gerere to
bear, manage.] Bearing; carrying.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ger"fal`con (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Gyrfalcon.
Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF.
girer to twirl, E. gyrate.]
Changeable; capricious. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ger"land (?), Ger"lond,
n. A garland. [Obs.]
Ger"lind (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A salmon returning from the sea the
second time. [Prov. Eng.]
Germ (?), n. [F.
germe, fr. L. germen, germinis,
sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.]
1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a
new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant
or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an
organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being originates . . .
two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of
generation by which the germ is produced; and the act
of development, by which that germ is evolved into the
complete organism.
Carpenter.
2. That from which anything springs; origin; first
principle; as, the germ of civil liberty.
Disease germ (Biol.), a name
applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such
as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of
fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of
certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). --
Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg,
spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time
a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and
by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of
cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent.
See Ovum. -- Germ gland.
(Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ
stock (Zo\'94l.), a special process on which
buds are developed in certain animals. See
Doliolum. -- Germ theory
(Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be
produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or
seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As
applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the
zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and
multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which
are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred
through the air or water. See Fermentation
theory.
Germ (?), v. i. To
germinate. [R.]
J. Morley.
Ger*main" (?), a.
[Obs.] See Germane.
Ger"man (?), a. [OE.
german, germain, F. germain, fr.
L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters
who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf.
Germ, Germane.] Nearly related;
closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the
lion.
Shak.
Brother german. See Brother
german. -- Cousins german. See the Note
under Cousin.
Ger"man, n.; pl.
Germans (#) [L. Germanus,
prob. of Celtis origin.] 1. A native or one
of the people of Germany.
2. The German language.
3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz
movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures.
(b) A social party at which the german is
danced.
High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or
Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used
from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from
the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G.,
the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German
literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the
modern literary language, are often called Middle
German, and the Southern German dialects Upper
German; but High German is also used to cover both
groups. -- Low German, the language of
Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including
Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or
Saxon; Old Saxon;
Dutch or Low Dutch, with its
dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch
(called also Low German), spoken in many
dialects.
Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See
German, n.] Of or pertaining to
Germany.
German Baptists. See Dunker. --
German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long
elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp
(Zo\'94l.), the crucian carp. -- German
millet (Bot.), a kind of millet
(Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used
for food. -- German paste, a prepared food
for caged birds. -- German process
(Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a
blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary.
Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a
substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German
sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly
cooked. -- German silver (Chem.),
a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and
ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel,
copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made
from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is
sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially
identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It
was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames,
cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded
by other white alloys. -- German steel
(Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a
forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text
(Typog.), a character resembling modern German
type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as
in the words,
This line is German
Text.
-- German tinder. See Amadou.
Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE.
germaunder, F. germandr\'82e, It.
calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr./; /
on the earth or ground + / tree. See Humble, and
Tree.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Cham\'91drys or
wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.
American germander, Teucrium
Canadense. -- Germander chickweed,
Veronica agrestis. -- Water
germander, Teucrium Scordium. --
Wood germander, Teucrium
Scorodonia.
Ger*mane" (?), a. [See
German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near
akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting;
relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter.
Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane.
Barclay (Digest).
Ger*man"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing,
germanium.
Ger*man"ic, a. [L.
Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See
German, n.] 1. Of or
pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic
confederacy.
2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]
Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
germanisme.] 1. An idiom of the
German language.
2. A characteristic of the Germans; a
characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism.
J. W. Alexander.
Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A
rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore
(argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle,
silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals
and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with
the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight
72.3.
Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of Germanizing.
M. Arnold.
Ger"man*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Germanized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germanizing
(?).] To make German, or like what is
distinctively German; as, to Germanize a province, a
language, a society.
Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write
after the manner of the Germans.
\'d8Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL.
See Germ.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ in
which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.
<-- p. 623 -->
Ger"men (?), n.; pl. E.
Germens (#), L. Germina
(#). [L.] See Germ.
Ger"mi*ci`dal (?), a.
Germicide.
Ger"mi*cide (?), a.
[Germ +L. caedere to kill.]
(Biol.) Destructive to germs; -- applied to any
agent which has a destructive action upon living germs,
particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered
the cause of many infectious diseases. --
n. A germicide agent.
Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See
Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ;
as, the germinal vesicle.
Germinal layers (Biol.), the two
layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form
respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A
third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and
lies between these two, is sometimes included. --
Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as
Blastoderm. -- Germinal spot
(Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. --
Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus
of the ovum of animals.
\'d8Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See
Germ .] The seventh month of the French
republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended
April 19. See Vend\'90miaire.
Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L.
germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting;
sending forth germs or buds.
Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Germinated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Germinating.] [L.
germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout,
fr. germen. See Germ.] To sprout;
to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed;
to begin to develop, as a germ.
Bacon.
Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to
sprout.
Price (1610).
Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L.
germinatio: cf. F. germination.]
The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or
growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either
animal or vegetable.
Germination apparatus, an apparatus for
malting grain.
Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
germinatif.] Pertaining to germination;
having power to bud or develop.
Germinative spot, Germinative
vesicle. (Biol.) Same as
Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under
Germinal.
Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n.
[Germ + L. parere to produce.]
(Biol.) Reproduction by means of germs.
Germ"less, a. Without germs.
Ger"mo*gen (?), n.
[Germ + -gen.]
(Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of
protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain
ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The
primitive cell in certain embryonic forms.
Balfour.
Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See
Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.
Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr.
germ.] (Biol.) A small
germ.
Gern (?), v. t. [See
Grin.] To grin or yawn.
[Obs.] \'bd[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did
gern.\'b8
Spenser.
Ger"ner (?), n. A garner.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n.
[NL.] See Gerocomy.
Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to gerocomy.
Dr. John Smith.
Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F.
g\'82rocomie, fr. Gr. / an old man + / to take
care of.] That part of medicine which treats of
regimen for old people.
\'d8Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /.] (Gr. Antiq.)
Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings,
constituted the supreme civil authority.
Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, an old man + / to rule.] Government by old
men. [R.]
Gladstone.
\'d8Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg.
geropiga.] A mixture composed of
unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of
wines. [Written also jerupigia.]
-ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr.
gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.]
A suffix signifying bearing,
producing; as, calcigerous;
dentigerous.
Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State)
into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural
and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an
advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U.
S.]
Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his
influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was
opposed to the measure.
Bartlett.
Ger"und (?), n. [L.
gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry,
perform. See Gest a deed, Jest.]
(Lat. Gram.)
1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four
oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a
participle.
2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in
-e, preceded by to and usually denoting
purpose or end; -- called also the
dative infinitive; as, \'bdIc h\'91bbe
mete t\'93 etanne\'b8 (I have meat to
eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied
to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a
transitive action; e. g., by throwing a
stone.
Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining
to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial
use.
Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L.
gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking
of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. --
n. (Lat. Gram.) The future
passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to
be loved.
Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a
gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.
Ger"y (?), a. [See
Gerful.] Changeable; fickle.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ges"ling (?), n. A
gosling. [Prov. Eng.]
Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To
guess. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gest (?), n. A guest.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gest (?), n. [OF.
geste exploit. See Jest.]
1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action;
an adventure. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on
the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.]
Mede.
3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock
story. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
4. Gesture; bearing; deportment.
[Archaic]
Through his heroic grace and honorable gest.
Spenser.
Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist
a resting place.]
1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging
in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.]
Kersey.
2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a
royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's
office. [Obs.]
Hanmer.
Ges"tant (?), a. [L.
gestans, p. pr. of
gestare.] Bearing within; laden; burdened;
pregnant. [R.] \'bdClouds gestant
with heat.\'b8
Mrs. Browning.
Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare
to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum,
to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed,
Jest.]
1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments).
[Obs.]
2. The act of carrying young in the womb from
conception to delivery; pregnancy.
3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on
horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own
powers; passive exercise.
Dunglison.
Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L.
gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F.
gestatoire.]
1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.
2. Capable of being carried or worn.
[Obs. or R.]
Geste (?), v. i. To tell
stories or gests. [Obs.]
Ges"tic (?), a. [See
Gest a deed, Gesture.]
1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms;
legendary.
And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore.
Goldsmith.
2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of
gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing.
Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic
art.
Sir W. Scott.
Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gesticulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gesticulating.] [L.
gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to
gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture,
gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr.
gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See
Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in
speaking; to use postures.
Sir T. Herbert.
Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by
gesture; to act. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.]
1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to
express passion or enforce sentiments.
2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in
speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing
arguments and sentiments.
Macaulay.
3. Antic tricks or motions.
B. Jonson.
Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who gesticulates.
Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a.
Representing by, or belonging to, gestures.
T. Warton.
Ges"tour (?), n. [See
Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary
tales; a story-teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales.
Chaucer.
Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to
gesture.
Ges"ture (?), n. [LL.
gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere,
gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See
Gest a deed.] 1. Manner of carrying
the body; position of the body or limbs; posture.
[Obs.]
Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture
used by many nations.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of
sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express
an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument,
assertion, or opinion.
Humble and reverent gestures.
Hooker.
Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye,
In every gesture dignity and love.
Milton.
Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gesturing.] To accompany or
illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as
beseemeth.
Hooker.
Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to
gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured>/qex> not undecently
withal.
Holland.
Ges"ture*less, a. Free from
gestures.
Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of
making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Get (?), n. Jet, the
mineral. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Get (?), n. [OF.
get.] 1. Fashion; manner;
custom. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Get (?), v. t.
[imp. Got (?)
(Obs. Gat (/)); p. p.
Got (Obsolescent Gotten
(?)); p. pr. & vb. n.
Getting.] [OE. geten, AS.
gitan, gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel.
geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L.
prehendere to seize, take, Gr. / to hold, contain.
Cf. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget,
Impregnable, Prehensile.]
1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to
acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to
win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by
kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to
get favor by kindness; to get wealth by
industry and economy; to get land by purchase,
etc.
2. Hence, with have and had,
to come into or be in possession of; to have.
Johnson.
Thou hast got the face of man.
Herbert.
3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.
I had rather to adopt a child than get it.
Shak.
4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to
commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson;
also with out; as, to get out one's Greek
lesson.
It being harder with him to get one sermon by
heart, than to pen twenty.
Bp. Fell.
5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.
Get him to say his prayers.
Shak.
6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state
or condition; -- with a following participle.
Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched.
Shak.
7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive
use.
Get thee out from this land.
Gen. xxxi. 13.
He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of
Mega.
Knolles.
Get, as a transitive verb, is combined
with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the
effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion
indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to
cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in
the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract;
to get off, to take off, to remove; to get
together, to cause to come together, to collect.
To get by heart, to commit to memory. --
To get the better of, To get the best
of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to
subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be
established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to
invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book,
an agitation.
Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See
Obtain.
Get (?), v. i. 1. To
make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to
be increased.
We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily
get.
Shak.
2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state,
condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a
following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject
of the verb; as, to get sober; to get
awake; to get beaten; to get
elected.
To get rid of fools and scoundrels.
Pope.
His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast.
Coleridge.
get] gives to the English language a
middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither
active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted,
beaten, confused, dressed.
Earle.
Get, as an intransitive verb, is used
with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate,
on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the
kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general
sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to
arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to
disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend,
esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation;
to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper,
succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get
out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get
through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to
get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to
alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come
off clear; to get together, to assemble, to
convene.
To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. --
To get along, to proceed; to advance; to
prosper. -- To get a mile (or other
distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get
among, to go or come into the company of; to become one
of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall
asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of
the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to
make way to. To get away with, to carry off;
to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. --
To get back, to arrive at the place from which one
departed; to return. -- To get before, to
arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get
behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To
get between, to arrive between. -- To get
beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to
surpass. \'bdThree score and ten is the age of man, a few
get beyond it.\'b8 Thackeray. -- To
get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as
from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from
danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to
become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to
proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth.
-- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal,
or aim. -- To get into. (a) To
enter, as, \'bdshe prepared to get into the coach.\'b8
Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach;
as, \'bd as, \'bd a language has got into the inflated
state.\'b8 Keary. -- To get
loose , to disengage one's self;
to be released from confinement. -- To get near,
to approach within a small distance. -- To get
on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To
get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or
overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To
recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get
through. (a) To pass through something.
(b) To finish what one was doing. -- To
get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed,
chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill,
a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.
Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the
get of a stallion.
Get"en (?), obs. p.
p. of Get.
Chaucer.
Geth (?), the original third pers.
sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something
which gets or gains money; a successful affair.
[Colloq.]
Chapman.
Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be
obtained. [R.]
Get"ter (?), n. One who gets,
gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.
Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives,
makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine,
etc. [Colloq.]
A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works.
W. Irving.
Get"ting (?), n. 1.
The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.
With all thy getting, get understanding.
Prov. iv. 7.
2. That which is got or obtained; gain;
profit.
Get"-up (?), n. General
composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing
are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc.
[Colloq.]
H. Kingsley.
Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE.
gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob.
the same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a
reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F.
joujou plaything, and E. gaud,
n. See Give, and cf.
Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid
plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble.
A heavy gewgaw called a crown.
Dryden.
Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal;
pretentious.
Seeing his gewgaw castle shine.
Tennyson.
Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel.
geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr.
gj/sa to gush. Cf. Gush.] A
boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of
water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of
steam.
Geysers were first known in Iceland, and
later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United
States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful,
throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet.
They are grouped in several areas called geyser
basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with
which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones
about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.
<-- p. 624 -->
Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From
Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated
form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary
cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and
geysers.
\'d8Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind.
g\'be/i.] Any wheeled cart or
carriage. [India]
Ghast (?), v. t. [OE.
gasten. See Ghastly, a.]
To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.]
Ghasted by the noise I made.
Full suddenly he fled.
Shak.
Ghast"ful (?), a. [See
Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one
aghast; dismal. [Obs.] --
Ghast"ful*ly, adv.
Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state
of being ghastly; a deathlike look.
Ghast"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Ghastlier (?);
superl. Ghastliest.] [OE.
gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear,
fr. gasten to terrify, AS. g\'91stan. Cf.
Aghast, Gast, Gaze,
Ghostly.] 1. Like a ghost in
appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.
Each turned his face with a ghastly pang.
Coleridge.
His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be
recognized.
Macaulay.
2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and
mail.
Milton.
Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner;
hideously.
Staring full ghastly like a strangled man.
Shak.
Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
{ \'d8Ghat Ghaut } (?),
n. [Hind. gh\'bet.]
1. A pass through a mountain.
[India]
J. D. Hooker.
2. A range of mountains.
Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).
3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a
wharf. [India]
Malcom.
\'d8Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl.
[Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of a
lower sort than the almeh.
{ Ghe"ber Ghe"bre } (?),
n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F.
Gu\'8abre. Cf. Giaour.] A
worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.
Ghee (?), n. [Hind.
gh\'c6 clarified butter, Skr.
gh/ta.] Butter clarified by boiling, and
thus converted into a kind of oil. [India]
Malcom.
Gher"kin (?), n. [D.
agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan.
ag/rke; cf. Pol. og\'a2rek, Bohem.
okurka, LGr. / watermelon, Ar.
al-khiy\'ber, Per. khiy\'ber.]
1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly
cucumber, much used for pickles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Sea
gherkin.
Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See
Guess. [Obs.]
\'d8Ghet"to (?), n. [It.]
The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell.
Evelyn.
<-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited
predominantly by members of a specific ethnic, national or racial
group, such segregation usually arising from social or economic
pressure. 3. (fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any
group isolated by external pressures, with an implication of
inferiority.
Ghettoize v. -->
Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It.
Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It.
Hist.) One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th
centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the
Guelfs, or adherents of the poses.
Brande & C.
Ghole (?), n. See
Ghoul.
Ghost (?), n. [OE.
gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS.
g\'best breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS.
g/st spirit, soul, D. geest, G.
geist, and prob. to E. gaze,
ghastly.]
1. The spirit; the soul of man.
[Obs.]
Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament.
Spenser.
2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a
deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a
specter.
The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose.
Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep,
And was a blessed ghost.
Coleridge.
3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial
image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a
chance; the ghost of an idea.
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon
the floor.
Poe.
4. A false image formed in a telescope by
reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses.
Ghost moth (Zo\'94l.), a large
European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the
white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; --
called also great swift. -- Holy
Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter;
(Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. --
To give up the
ghost, to die; to expire.
And he gave up the ghost full softly.
Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered
unto his people
.
Gen. xlix. 33.
Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire.
[Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in
the form of an apparition. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ghost"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A pale ubspotted variety of the
wrymouth.
Ghost"less, a. Without life or
spirit. [R.]
Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a
ghost; ghastly.
Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being
ghostly.
Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich,
gostlich, AS. g\'bestlic. See
Ghost.] 1. Relating to the soul; not
carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly
confessor.
Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies.
Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]
One of the gostly children of St. Jerome.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Of or pertaining to apparitions.
Akenside.
Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually;
mystically.
Chaucer.
Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost
lore. [R.]
It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing
of ghostology and witchcraft.
Hawthorne.
Ghoul (?), n. [Per.
gh/l an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour
men and animals: cf. Ar. gh/l, F.
goule.] An imaginary evil being among
Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human
bodies. [Written also ghole .]
Moore.
Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul;
vampirelike; hyenalike.
Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See
Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Wordsworth.
\'d8Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It.,
from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo, G.
gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term
variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly
designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot.
Fairholt.
Giam"beux (?), n. pl. [See
Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Gi"ant (?), n. [OE.
giant, geant, geaunt, OF.
jaiant, geant, F. g\'82ant, L.
gigas, fr. Gr. /, /, from the root of E.
gender, genesis. See Gender, and
cf. Gigantic.]
1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.
Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise.
Milton.
2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers,
bodily or intellectual.
3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary
size or power.
Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of
basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast
of Ireland.
Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary
in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a
giant son.
Giant cell. (Anat.) See
Myeloplax. -- Giant clam
(Zo\'94l.), a bivalve shell of the genus
Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes
weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to
contain holy water. -- Giant heron
(Zo\'94l.), a very large African heron
(Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron
known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very
large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers.
See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See
Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball
(Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon
giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for
stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander
(Zo\'94l.), a very large aquatic salamander
(Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the
largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. --
Giant squid (Zo\'94l.), one of several
species of very large squids, belonging to
Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty
feet long.
Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary
size.
Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
g\'82antiser.] To play the giant.
[R.]
Sherwood.
Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a
giant. [Obs.]
Usher.
Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of
giants. [R.]
Cotgrave.
Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality,
or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen
.
Milton.
\'d8Giaour (?), n. [Turk.
giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form
of ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir,
Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term applied by
Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially
Christrians.
Byron.
Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr.
Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old story of
\'bdReynard the Fox\'b8. in the \'bdRomaunt of the Rose\'b8,
etc.] A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]
Gib, v. i. To act like a cat.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Gib (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched
or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in
place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; --
usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or
screw.
Gib and key, Gib and
cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed
wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or
cotter, used for tightening the strap which holds the
brasses at the end of a connecting rod.
Gib, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gibbing.] To secure or fasten with a
gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.
Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the
tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a
weight.
Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See
Jib, v. i.
Youatt.
Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar.
jebb\'ber giant; or L. gibber humpbacked:
cf. F. gibbar.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also
Jupiter whale. [Written also
jubartas, gubertas,
dubertus.]
Gib"ber (?), n. [From
Gib to balk.] A balky horse.
Youatt.
Gib"ber (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gibbered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber,
and gabble.] To speak rapidly and
inarticulately.
Shak.
Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From
Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and
inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words;
jargon.
He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go;
All kinds of gibberish he had learnt to known.
Drayton.
Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing
themselves with.
Hawthorne.
Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as,
gibberish language.
Gib"bet (?), n. [OE.
gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL.
gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or
hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta,
dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat,
doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that
it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck
of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L.
gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf.
E. jib a sail.]
1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm
projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were
hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa
warning.
2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the
load is suspended; the jib.
Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gibbeting.]
1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.
2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.
I'll gibbet up his name.
Oldham.
Gib"bier (?), n. [F.
gibier.] Wild fowl; game.
[Obs.]
Addison.
Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F.
gibbon.] (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal
ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and
varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are
tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms,
adapted for climbing.
<-- common subtypes -->
Hylobates lar),
the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing
gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are
the most common species.
Gib" boom` (?). See Jib
boom.
Gib*bose" (?), a. [L.
gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba,
hunch, hump. Cf. Gibbous.] Humped;
protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more
large elevations.
Brande & C.
Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
gibbosit\'82.] The state of being gibbous
or gibbose; gibbousness.
Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F.
gibbeux. See Gibbose.]
1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface;
protuberant; convex; as, the moon is gibbous between
the half-moon and the full moon.
The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member.
Wiseman.
2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
-- Gib"bous*ly, adv. --
Gib"bous*ness, n.
Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after
George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate
of alumina.
Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat,
esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Gibe (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gibed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.]
[Cf. Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F.
jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk
nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches
and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic
words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.
Swift.
Gibe, v. i. To reproach with
contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock.
Draw the beasts as I describe them,
From their features, while I gibe them.
Swift.
Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic
scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer.
Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns.
Shak.
With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me.
Tennyson.
\'d8Gib"el (?), n. [G.
gibel, giebel.] (Zo\'94l.)
A kind of carp (Cyprinus gibelio); -- called also
Prussian carp.
Gib"er (?) n. One who utters
gibes.
B. Jonson.
Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of
the salmon. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
gibing manner; scornfully.
Gib"let (?), a. Made of
giblets; as, a giblet pie.
Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE.
gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F.
gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.]
The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver,
etc.), of poultry.
Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E.
gib a hooked stick + E. staff.]
1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.
2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the
stage. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Gid (?), n. [Cf.
Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep,
characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the
presence of the C/nurus, a larval tapeworm, in the brain. See
C/nurus.
Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy
manner.
Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of
being giddy.
Gid"dy (?), a.
[Compar. Giddier (?);
superl. Giddiest.] [OE.
gidi mad, silly, AS. gidig, of unknown
origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake, tremble.]
1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or
reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of
the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall;
lightheaded; dizzy.
By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed.
Tate.
2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a
giddy height; a giddy precipice.
Prior.
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches.
Shak.
3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running
round with celerity; gyratory; whirling.
The giddy motion of the whirling mill.
Pope.
4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable;
changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless.
\'bdGiddy, foolish hours.\'b8 Rowe.
\'bdGiddy chance.\'b8 Dryden.
Young heads are giddy and young hearts are
warm.
Cowper.
Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl.
Chapman.
Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or
unsteady. [Obs.]
Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person
without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment.
[Colloq.]
Burton.
Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a.
Thoughtless; unsteady.
Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving
irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.]
Shak.
Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See
Gye . [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gie (?), v. t. To give.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D.
gier vulture, G. gier, and E.
gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird
referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv.
17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron
percnopterus).
Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf.
Gier-eagle, Gyrfalcon.]
(Zo\'94l.) The gyrfalcon.
Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named
after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A
mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a
greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after
el\'91olite.
Gif (?), conj. [AS. See
If.] If. [Obs.]
Gif is the old form of if, and
frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See
If.
<-- p. 625 -->
Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.)
See under Injector.
Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated
fr. give.] Mutial accommodation; mutual
giving. [Scot.]
Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.]
See Jiffy.
Gift (?), n. [OE.
gift, yift, yeft, AS.
gift, fr. gifan to give; akin to D. & G.
gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth.
gifts (in comp.). See Give, v.
t.] 1. Anything given; anything
voluntarily transferred by one person to another without
compensation; a present; an offering.
Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . .
I can command ?
Milton.
2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing;
as, the office is in the gift of the
President.
3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.
Neither take a gift, for a gift doth
blind the eyes of the wise.
Deut. xvi. 19.
4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a
pre\'89minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty;
as, the gift of wit; a gift for
speaking.
5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or
personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected
only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual
delivery of possession.
Bouvier. Burrill.
Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended
to a boat for towing it; a guest rope.
Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction;
boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty.
-- Gift, Present, Donation. These
words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted
to another out of one's property. A gift is something
given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually
designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A
present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is
always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness.
Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting,
properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made
either to some public institution, or to an individual on account
of his services to the public; as, a donation to a
hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.
Gift, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gifting.] To endow with some power or
faculty.
He was gifted . . . with philosophical
sagacity.
I. Taylor.
Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being
gifted.
Echard.
Gid (?), n. [Cf. OF.
gigue. See Jig, n.] A
fiddle. [Obs.]
Gig (?), v. t. [Prob. fr. L.
gignere to beget.] To engender.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See
Fishgig.
Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig.
Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf.
Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a
giglot.
Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. g/gja
fiddle, MHG. g/ge, G. geige, Icel.
geiga to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and
E. jig.] 1. A top or whirligig;
any little thing that is whirled round in play.
Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy
gig.
Shak.
2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn
by one horse; a kind of chaise.
3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat,
generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat
appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the
captain's gig.
4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered
with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth.
Gig machine, Gigging machine,
Gig mill, Napping machine.
See Gig, 4. -- Gig saw. See
Jig saw.
Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L.
giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See
Giant.] Like a giant; mighty; gigantic.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a.
[F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic;
magniloquent.
The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque
With which we bantered little Lilia first.
Tennyson.
Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L.
gigas, -antis, giant. See
Giant.] 1. Of extraordinary size;
like a giant.
2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause;
immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; as, gigantic
deeds; gigantic wickedness.
Milton.
When descends on the Atlantic
The gigantic
Strom wind of the equinox.
Longfellow.
Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big.
[Obs.] Burton. --
Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv.
Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [.
gigas, -antis, giant + caedere
to kill.] The act of killing, or one who kills, a
giant.
Hallam.
Gi*gan"tine (?), a.
Gigantic. [Obs.]
Bullokar.
Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, giant + -logy: cf. F.
gigantologie.] An account or description of
giants.
Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L.
gigantoma/hia, fr. Gr. /; /, /, giant + /
battle: cf. F. gigantomachie.] A war of
giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against
heaven.
Gide (?), Guide,
n. [OF. guide,
guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The
leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across
the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder.
Meyrick (Ancient Armor).
\'d8Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L.
gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.]
(Anat.) The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of
birds.
Gig"get (?), n. Same as
Gigot.
Cut the slaves to giggets.
Beau. & Fl.
Gig"gle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Giggled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling
(?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf.
OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To
laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a
light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish
levity.
Giggling and laughing with all their might
At the piteous hap of the fairy wight.
J. R. Drake.
Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of
laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly
laugh.
Gig"gler (?), n. One who
giggles or titters.
Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to
giggling.
Carlyle.
Gig"got (?), n. See
Gigot. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Gig"gyng (?), n. [See
Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or
leather strap to the shield. [Obs.]
\'bdGigging of shields.\'b8
Chaucer.
{ Gig"lot (?), Gig"let
(?), } n. [Cf. Icel.
gikkr a pert, rude person, Dan. giek a
fool, silly man, AS. gagol, g\'91gl,
lascivious, wanton, MHG. gogel wanton,
giege fool, and E. gig a wanton
person.] A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy
girl. [Obs.]
The giglet is willful, and is running upon her
fate.
Sir W. Scott.
Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light;
inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] \'bdO
giglot fortune!\'b8
Shak.
Gig"ot, Gig"got (/),
n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on
account of the resemblance in shape. See Jig,
n.]
1. A leg of mutton.
2. A small piece of flesh; a slice.
[Obs.]
The rest in giggots cut, they spit.
Chapman.
Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma suspectum)
native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the
only lizard known to have venomous teeth.
Gild (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gilded or
Gilt (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from
gold gold. Gold.]
1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to
cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold.
\'bdGilded chariots.\'b8
Pope.
No more the rising sun shall gild the morn.
Pope.
2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.
Let oft good humor, mild and gay,
Gild the calm evening of your day.
Trumbull.
3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance
to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie.
Shak.
4. To make red with drinking.
[Obs.]
This grand liquior that hath gilded them.
Shak.
Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS.
gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield,
v. t., and Ale.] A drinking bout
in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.]
Gild"en (?), a. Gilded.
Holland.
Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds;
one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.
Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin.
See Guilder.
Guild"ing (?), n. 1.
The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold
leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which
resembles gold.
2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application
to any surface.
3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as
opposed to what is solid and genuine.
Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass
from which cartridge shells are made.
Gile (?), n. [See
Guile.] Guile. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gill (?), n. [Dan.
gi\'91lle, gelle; akin to Sw.
g\'84l, Icel. gj\'94lnar gills; cf. AS.
geagl, geahl, jaw.] 1.
(Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a
branchia.
Fishes perform respiration under water by the
gills.
Ray.
Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous
appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it
is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In
vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either
side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various
situations.
2. pl. (Bot.) The
radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a
mushroom.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The fleshy flap that hangs
below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.
4. The flesh under or about the chin.
Swift.
5. (Spinning) One of the combs of
closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber
or wool into fewer parallel filaments. [Prob. so called from
F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.]
Gill arches, Gill bars.
(Anat.) Same as Branchial
arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.)
Same as Branchial clefts. See under
Branchial. -- Gill cover,
Gill lid. See Operculum. --
Gill frame, Gill head
(Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for
subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. --
Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water
that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the
gills when they seek to extricate themselves. --
Gill opening, Gill slit
(Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of
most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the
gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on
each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on
each side. -- Gill rakes, Gill
rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or
progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes,
which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into
gill cavities.
Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber.
[Prov. Eng.]
Gill, n. A leech. [Also
gell.] [Scot.]
Jameison.
Gill, n. [Icel. gil.]
A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gill (?), n. [OF.
gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine,
LL. gillo, gello., Cf.
Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing
one fourth of a pint.
Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from
Gillian.] 1. A young woman; a
sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. \'bdEach Jack with
his Gill.\'b8
B. Jonson.
2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta
Glechoma); -- called also gill over the
ground, and other like names.
3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.
Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with
ground ivy. (b) (Bot.)
Alehoof.
Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A
thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill.
Sir W. Scott.
Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is
sold.
Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse
mourn.
Pope.
Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE.
Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian,
Juliana. Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl;
esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
{ Gil"lie Gil"ly } (?),
n. [Gael. gille, giolla,
boy, lad.] A boy or young man; a manservant; a male
attendant, in the Scottish Highlands.
Sir W. Scott.
Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE.
gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF.
girofre, girofle, F. girofle:
cf. F. girofl\'82e gillyflower, fr.
girofle, Gr. / clove tree; / nut + / leaf, akin
to E. foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus,
July-flower.] (Bot.) 1. A
name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus
Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola
incana), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant
blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.
2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape,
purplish red color, and having a large core.
[Written also gilliflower.]
Clove gillflower, the clove pink. --
Marsh gillyflower, the ragged robin (Lychnis
Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, , gillyflower, damewort.
-- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria
vulgaris). -- Wall gillyflower, the
wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water
gillyflower, the water violet.
Gil"our (?), n. [OF.]
A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]
Gilse (?), n. [W.
gleisiad, fr. glas blue.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Grilse.
Gilt (?), n. [See
Geld, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.)
A female pig, when young.
Gilt, imp. & p. p. of
Gild.
Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with
gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow.
\'bdGilt hair\'b8
Chaucer.
Gilt, n. 1. Gold, or that which
resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding.
Shak.
2. Money. [Obs.] \'bdThe
gilt of France.\'b8
Shak.
{ Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged`
(?), } a. 1. Having a
gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper.
2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable
paper, etc. [Slang, U. S.]
Gilt"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A marine fish. The name is
applied to two species: (a) The Pagrus, , a valuable food fish common in the
Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called
also giltpoll. (b) The
Crenilabrus melops, of the British coasts; -- called
also golden maid, conner,
sea partridge.
Gilt"if (?), a. [For
gilti, by confusion with -if,
-ive, in French forms. See Guilty.]
Guilty. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gilt"tail` (?), n. A
yellow-tailed worm or larva.
Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp,
a.] Neat; spruce.
[Prov.]
Gim"bal (?), Gim"bals
(/), n. [See Gimmal,
n.] A contrivance for permitting a body to
incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as
a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will
remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the
rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can
turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring
itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a
diameter at right angles to the first.
Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal
joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal
ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of
the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.
Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See
Gimlet.
Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a
spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr.
gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial
mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.
Arbuthnot.
Gim"let (?), n. [Also written
and pronounced gimbled (/)]
[OF. guimbelet, guibelet, F.
gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel,
weme, a bore, wemelen to bore, to wimble.
See Wimble, n.] A small tool for
boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross
handle.
Gimlet eye, a squint-eye.
[Colloq.] Wright.
Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gimleting.] 1. To pierce or
make with a gimlet.
2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by
the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet.
Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same
word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf.
Gimbal.] 1. Joined work whose parts
move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked
rings.
2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer.
[Obs.]
Gom"mal, a. Made or consisting of
interlocked ring/ or links; as, gimmal
mail.
In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit
Lies foul with chewed grass.
Shak.
Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint,
under Gimbal.
Gim"mer, Gim"mor (/),
n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.]
A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a
gimcrack. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall. Shak.
<-- p. 626 -->
Gimp (?), a. [W.
gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce;
trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe,
guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG.
wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant.
See Wimple, n.] A narrow
ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a
metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; --
used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.
Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.
Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to
jag.
Gin (?), prep. [AS.
ge\'a0n. See Again.]
Against; near by; towards; as, gin
night. [Scot.]
A. Ross (1778).
Gin, conj. [See Gin,
prep.] If. [Scotch]
Jamieson.
Gin (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Gan (?), Gon (/), Gun (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS.
ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf.
OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin
to AS. g\'c6nan to yawn, and E. yawn. /
See Yawn, v. i., and cf.
Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an
infinitive without to; as, gan tell.
See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] \'bdHe
gan to pray.\'b8
Chaucer.
Gin (?), n. [Contr. from
Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong
alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored
with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands
and Holland gin, because originally, and still
very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually
flavored with turpentine.
Gin (?), n. [A contraction of
engine.]
1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare.
Chaucer. Spenser.
2. (a) A machine for raising or moving
heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at
the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b)
(Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a
whim.
3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton;
a cotton gin.
Gin block, a simple form of tackle block,
having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also
whip gin, rubbish pulley,
and monkey wheel. -- Gin
power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton
gin. -- Gin race, Gin
ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin
in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a
saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid,
leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel.
(a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber
through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint.
(b) (Mining) the drum of a
whim.
Gin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ginning.] 1. To catch in a
trap. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to
gin cotton.
Ging (?), n. Same as
Gang, n., 2. [Obs.]
There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy
against me.
Shak.
Gin*gal" (?), n. See
Jingal.
Gin"ger (?), n. [OE.
ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF.
gengibre, gingimbre, F.
gingembre, L. zingiber,
zingiberi, fr. Gr. /; of Oriental origin; cf. Ar. &
Pers. zenjeb\'c6l, fr. Skr.
///gav\'89ra, prop., hornshaped;
///ga horn + v\'89ra body.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species
most known is Z. officinale.
2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber
officinale, which is much used in cookery and in
medicine.
Ginger beer ,
a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger
cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon
rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy. --
Ginger pop. See Ginger beer
(above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated
with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.),
an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two
reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong
taste of ginger.
Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind
of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in
fanciful shapes. Gingerbread that was full fine.\'b8
Chaucer.
Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom
palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to
gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread
work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of
a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.
Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E.
ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw.
gingla, g\'84ngla, to go gently, totter,
akin to E. gang.] Cautiously; timidly;
fastidiously; daintily.
What is't that you took up so gingerly ?
Shak.
Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness;
tenderness.
Ging"ham (?), n. [F.
guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or
perh. fr. Guingamp, in France.]
A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or
checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; --
distinguished from printed cotton or prints.
Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining)
The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent
caving.
Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L.
gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the
gums.
Holder.
Gin"gle (?), n. & v.
[Obs.] See Jingle.
Gin"gly*form (?), a.
(Anat.) Ginglymoid.
\'d8Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.;
cf. Gr. / ginglymoid. See Ginglymoid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes, including
the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have
rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without
an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the
vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball
and socket joint. See Ganoidel.
{ Gin"gly*moid (?),
Gin`gly*moid"al (?), } a.
[Gr. /; / ginglymus + / form: cf. F.
ginglymoide, ginglymo\'8bdal.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a
ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.
\'d8Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl.
Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a
hingelike joint, a ball and socket joint.]
(Anat.) A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting
of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as
the elbow and the ankle.
Gin"house` (?), n. A building
where cotton is ginned.
Gink"go (?), n.; pl.
Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver
fruit.] (Bot.) A large ornamental tree
(Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging to the
Yew suborder of Conifer\'91. Its leaves are so like
those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the
maidenhair tree.
Gin"nee (?), n.; pl.
Ginn (/). See
Jinnee.
Gin"net (?), n. See
Genet, a horse.
Gin"ning (?), n. [See
Gin, v. i.] Beginning.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gin"ny-car`riage (/), n. A
small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a
railroad. [Eng.]
Gin"seng (?), n.
[Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a
medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia
Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A.
quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is
now an article of export from America to China. The root, when
dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste
somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight
aromatic bitterness.
Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or
barroom where gin is sold as a beverage.
[Colloq.]
Gip (?), v. t. To take out the
entrails of (herrings).
Gip, n. A servant. See
Gyp.
Sir W. Scott.
Gi*poun" (?), n. [See
Jupon.] A short cassock.
[Written also gepoun, gypoun,
jupon, juppon.] [Obs.]
{ Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire
(?), } n. [F.
gibeci\'8are a game pouch or game pocket. Cf.
Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at
the girdle.
Ld. Lytton.
A gipser all of silk,
Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk.
Chaucer.
Gip"sy (?), n. a.. See
Gypsy.
Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See
Gypsyism.
Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F.
girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar.
zur\'befa, zar\'befa.]
(Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant
(Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and
antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It
is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the
hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore
legs are much longer than its hind legs.
Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See
Gyrate.]
1. An ornamental branched candlestick.
2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of
branching form.
3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving
firework.
4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in
defensive mines.
Farrow.
{ Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol } (?),
n. [It. girasole, or F.
girasol, fr. L. gyrare to turn around +
sol sun.]
1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope.
[Obs.]
2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is
usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright
light it reflects a reddish color.
Gird (?), n. [See Yard
a measure.]
1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a
twinge; a pang.
Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds
and twinges which the atheist feels.
Tillotson.
2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a
sneer.
I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio.
Shak.
Gird, v. t. [See Gird,
n., and cf. Girde, v.]
1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]
To slay him and to girden off his head.
Chaucer.
2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.
Being moved, he will not spare to gird the
gods.
Shak.
Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break
a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.
Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me.
Shak.
Gird (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or
Girded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Girding.] [OE. girden,
gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS.
gurdian, D. gorden, OHG. gurten,
G. g\'81rten, Icel. gyr/a, Sw.
gjorda, Dan. giorde, Goth.
biga\'a1rdan to begird, and prob. to E.
yard an inclosure. Cf. Girth, n. &
v., Girt, v. t.] 1.
To encircle or bind with any flexible band.
2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a
cord, girdle, bandage, etc.
3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.
That Nyseian isle,
Girt with the River Triton.
Milton.
4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.
I girded thee about with fine linen.
Ezek. xvi. 10.
The Son . . . appeared
Girt with omnipotence.
Milton.
5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to
gird one's self for a contest.
Thou hast girded me with strength.
Ps. xviii. 39.
To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to
one securely, like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a
sword.
Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast
himself as he that putteth it off.
1 Kings xx. 11.
-- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to
support and strengthen, as with a girdle.
He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab.
1 Kings xviii. 46.
Gird up the loins of your mind.
1 Pet. i. 13.
-- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or
for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long
flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any
exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active;
strenuous; striving. \'bdA severer, more girt-up way
of living.\'b8 J. C. Shairp.
Gird"er (?), n. [From
Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a
satirist.
Gird"er, n. [From Gird to
encircle.]
1. One who, or that which, girds.
2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a
stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such
as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member
discharging the same office, technically called a compound
girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and
Doubleframed floor, under Double.
Bowstring girder, Box
girder, etc. See under Bowstring,
Box, etc. -- Girder bridge. See
under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a
girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal
crossing bars. -- Half-lattice girder, a
girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by
a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite
directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a
series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich
girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden
beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together
by iron bolts.
Gird"ing, n. That with which one is
girded; a girdle.
Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth.
Is. iii. 24.
Gir"dle (?), n. A
griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel,
girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan;
akin to D. gordel, G. g\'81rtel, Icel.
gyr/ill. See Gird, v. t., to
encircle, and cf. Girth, n.]
1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a
circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress
encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus.
Within the girdle of these walls.
Shak.
Their breasts girded with golden girdles.
Rev. xv. 6.
2. The zodiac; also, the equator.
[Poetic]
Bacon.
From the world's girdle to the frozen pole.
Cowper.
That gems the starry girdle of the year.
Campbell.
3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest
circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped
by the setting. See Illust. of
Brilliant.
Knight.
4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of
stone.
Raymond.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The clitellus of an
earthworm.
Girdle bone (Anat.), the
sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. --
Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea
girdle (Zo\'94l.), a ctenophore. See
Venus's girdle, under Venus. --
Shoulder, Pectoral, Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.)
See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. --
To have under the girdle, to have bound to one,
that is, in subjection.
Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Girdling (?).] 1.
To bind with a belt or sash; to gird.
Shak.
2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.
Those sleeping stones,
That as a waist doth girdle you about.
Shak.
3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree,
etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it.
[U. S.]
Gir"dler (?), n. 1.
One who girdles.
2. A maker of girdles.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An American longicorn
beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which lays its eggs in
the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing
a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for
the larv\'91.
Gir"dle*stead (?), n.
[Girdle + stead place.]
1. That part of the body where the girdle is
worn. [Obs.]
Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead.
Chapman.
2. The lap. [R.]
There fell a flower into her girdlestead.
Swinburne.
Gire (?), n. [Obs.]
See Gyre.
Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.]
See Gherkin.
Girl (?), n. [OE.
girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in
sense 1): cf. LG. g\'94r child.]
1. A young person of either sex; a child.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A female child, from birth to the age of
puberty; a young maiden.
3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U.
S.]
4. (Zo\'94l.) A roebuck two years
old. [Prov. Eng.]
Girl"hood (?), n. State or time
of being a girl.
Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of,
a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless;
immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish
grief. -- Girl"ish*ly,
adv. -- Girl"ish*ness,
n.
Gir"lond (?), n. [See
Garland, n.] A garland; a
prize. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Girn (?), v. i. [See
Grin, n.] To grin.
[Obs.]
Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F.
Girondiste.] A member of the moderate
republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in
1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were
deputies from the department of La Gironde.
Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the
Girondists. [Written also
Girondin.]
Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F.
chicarou.] (Zo\'94l.) A
garfish.
Johnson.
Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of
Gird.
Girt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Girting.] [From Girt,
n., cf. Girth, v.] To
gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the
girth of; as, to girt a tree.
We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk,
And girt thee with the sword.
Shak.
Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a
cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she
swings against one of the cables by force of the current or
tide.
<-- p. 627 -->
Girt (?), n. Same as
Girth.
Girth (?), n. [Icel.
gj\'94r/ girdle, or ger/ girth; akin to
Goth. ga\'a1rda girdle. See Gird to girt, and
cf. Girdle, n.] 1. A band
or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a
saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.
2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or
belly; the circumference of anything.
He's a lu
sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the
girth.
Addison.
3. A small horizontal brace or girder.
Girth, v. t. [From Girth,
n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To
bind as with a girth. [R.]
Johnson.
Girt"line` (?), n.
(Naut.) A gantline.
Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging
out hammocks to dry.
Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF.
gisarme, guisarme.] (Medi\'91val
Armor) A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a
separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by
foot soldiers.
Gise (?), v. t. [See
Agist.] To feed or pasture.
[Obs.]
Gise (?), n. Guise;
manner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gis"le (?), n. [AS.
g\'c6sel; akin to G. geisel, Icel.
g\'c6sl.] A pledge.
[Obs.]
Bp. Gibson.
{ Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite
(?), } n. [From the name of the
discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A
native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first
noticed near Rome.
Gist (?), n. [OF.
giste abode, lodgings, F. g\'8cte, fr.
g\'82sir to lie, L. jac/re, prop., to be
thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jac/re to
throw. In the second sense fr. OF. gist, F.
g\'8ct, 3d pers. sing. ind. of g\'82sir to
lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que g\'8ct le
li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, i.
e., that is the point, the difficulty. See
Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist,
Joist, n., Gest a stage in
traveling.] 1. A resting place.
[Obs.]
These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary
resting and baiting places.
Holland.
2. The main point, as of a question; the point on
which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the
gist of a question.
Git (?), n. (Founding)
See Geat.
Gite (?), n. A gown.
[Obs.]
She came often in a gite of red.
Chaucer.
Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn
cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.]
(Bot.) The corn cockle; also anciently applied to
the Nigella, or fennel flower.
Git"tern (?), n. [OE.
giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same
source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf.
Cittern.] An instrument like a guitar.
\'bdHarps, lutes, and giternes.\'b8
Chaucer.
Git"tern, v. i. To play on
gittern.
Milton.
Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.]
A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some
to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by
David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and
lxxxiv.
Dr. W. Smith.
Guist (?), n. [Obs.]
Same as Joust.
Spenser.
\'d8Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr.
L. justus. See Just, a.]
(Mus.) In just, correct, or suitable time.
Give (?), v. t.
[imp. Gave (?); p.
p. Given (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Giving.] [OE. given,
yiven, yeven, AS. gifan,
giefan; akin to D. geven, OS.
g/an, OHG. geban, Icel. gefa,
Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth.
giban. Cf. Gift, n.]
1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer
without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as
authority or permission; to yield up or allow.
For generous lords had rather give than pay.
Young.
2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as
property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we
give the value of what we buy.
What shall a man give in exchange for his soul
?
Matt. xvi. 26.
3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit;
as, flint and steel give sparks.
4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings,
etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a
judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc.
5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to
allow; to license; to commission.
It is given me once again to behold my friend.
Rowe.
Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.
Pope.
6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce;
to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of
ships, gives four hundred to each ship.
7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote
or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give
themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in
the past participle; as, the people are given to
luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to
study.
8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a
known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to
reason; -- used principally in the passive form
given.
9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.
I give not heaven for lost.
Mlton.
10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.
I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a
lover.
Sheridan.
11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation;
as, to give offense; to give pleasure or
pain.
12. To pledge; as, to give one's
word.
13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive;
as, to give one to understand, to know,
etc.
But there the duke was given to understand
That in a gondola were seen together
Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica.
Shak.
To give away, to make over to another; to
transfer.
Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is
given away from ourselves.
Atterbury.
-- To give back, to return; to restore.
Atterbury. -- To give the bag, to
cheat. [Obs.]
I fear our ears have given us the
bag.
J. Webster.
-- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring
forth, as a child. (b) To originate; to give
existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give
chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to.
See under Ear. -- To give forth,
to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. --
To give ground. See under Ground,
n. -- To give the hand, to pledge
friendship or faith. -- To give the hand of,
to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the
head. See under Head, n. --
To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct.
(b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to
tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a party.
-- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him)
that he lies. -- To give line. See under
Line. -- To give off, to emit, as
steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self
away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's
cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the
like. [Colloq.] -- To give out.
(a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or
declare.
One that gives out himself Prince Florizel.
Shak.
Give out you are of Epidamnum.
Shak.
(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a
substance gives out steam or odors. -- To
give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit;
to abandon. (b) To despair of.
(c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).
The Babylonians had given themselves
over to all manner of vice.
Grew.
-- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's
claim. -- To give points. (a) In
games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain
advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give
useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give
rein. See under Rein, n. --
To give the sack . Same as To give the
bag. -- To give and take. (a)
To average gains and losses. (b) To
exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give
time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance
to a debtor. Abbott. -- To give the time of
day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate to
the hour, as \'bdgood morning.\'b8 \'bdgood evening\'b8,
etc. -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase,
to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up.
(a) To abandon; to surrender. \'bdDon't give
up the ship.\'b8
He has . . . given up
For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.
Shak.
(b) To make public; to reveal.
I'll not state them
By giving up their characters.
Beau. & Fl.
(c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up
the ghost. See under Ghost. -- To
give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to
surrender one's self. -- To give way.
(a) To withdraw; to give place. (b)
To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave
way. (c) (Naut.) To begin to
row; or to row with increased energy. (d)
(Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in
value; as, railroad securities gave way two per
cent. -- To give way together, to row in
time; to keep stroke.
Syn. -- To Give, Confer,
Grant. To give is the generic
word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally
used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or
privileges; as, to confer the order of knighthood; and
hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have
been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To
grant is to give in answer to a petition or request,
or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.
Give (?), v. i. 1. To
give a gift or gifts.
2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to
become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the
feet.
3. To become soft or moist.
[Obs.]
Bacon .
4. To move; to recede.
Now back he gives, then rushes on amain.
Daniel.
5. To shed tears; to weep.
[Obs.]
Whose eyes do never give
But through lust and laughter.
Shak.
6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]
My mind gives ye're reserved
To rob poor market women.
J. Webster.
7. To open; to lead. [A
Gallicism]
This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk.
Tennyson.
To give back, to recede; to retire; to
retreat.
They gave back and came no farther.
Bunyan.
-- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to
acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition.
The Scots battalion was enforced to give in.
Hayward.
This consideration may induce a translator to give
in to those general phrases.
Pope.
-- To give off, to cease; to forbear.
[Obs.] Locke. -- To give on
. (a) To rush; to fall upon.
[Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in
sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to
face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner
sur.]
Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch.
Tennyson.
The gloomy staircase on which the grating
gave.
Dickens.
-- To give out. (a) To expend all one's
strength. Hence: (b) To cease from exertion; to
fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out;
the flour has given out. -- To give
over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist.
It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to
give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after
fame.
Addison.
-- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to
despair; as, he would never give up.
Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from
Give, v.
1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed;
supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or
premise.
2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an
adv.; as, virtuously given.
Shak.
3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given
time.
Given name, the Christian name, or name
given by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished
from the surname, which is inherited.
[Colloq.]
Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a
donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or
distributes.
It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses
the heart of the Christian.
Kollock.
Gives (?), n. pl. [See
Give, n.] Fetters.
Giv"ing (?), n. 1. The
act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.
2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.]
Pope.
3. The act of softening, breaking, or
yielding. \'bdUpon the first giving of the
weather.\'b8
Addison.
Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse.
-- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an
outgiving.
His givings out were of an infinite distance
From his true meant design.
Shak.
Giz"zard (?), n. [F.
g\'82sier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of
poultry. Cf. Gigerium.]
1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular
stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after
being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of
the esophagus; the gigerium.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A thick
muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals.
(b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates
or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks.
Gizzard shad (Zo\'94l.), an
American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the
shad, but of little value. -- To fret the
gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry.
[Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in
one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be
offensive. [Low]
\'d8Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl.
Glabell/ (#). [NL., fr. L.
glabellus hairless, fr. glaber bald.]
(Anat.) The space between the eyebrows, also
including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the
mesophryon. -- Gla*bel"lar
(#), a.
\'d8Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl.
Glabella (#). [NL. See
Glabella.] (Zo\'94l.) The median,
convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See
Trilobite.
Gla"brate (?), a. [L.
glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.]
(Bot.) Becoming smooth or glabrous from
age.
Gray.
{ Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate
(?), } v. t. [See
Glabrate.] To make smooth, plain, or
bare. [Obs.]
Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L.
glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness.
[R.]
Gla"brous (?), a. [L.
glaber; cf. Gr. / hollow, smooth, / to
hollow.] Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any
unevenness.
Gla"cial (?), a. [L.
glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F.
glacial.] 1. Pertaining to ice or
to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining
to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena.
Lyell.
2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the
appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid
compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or acetic
acids.
Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of
such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary
temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid.
-- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and
rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or
icebergs; bowlder drift. -- Glacial epoch
period (Geol.), a period during
which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and
ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the
mountain tops. -- Glacial theory . (Geol.) See Glacier
theory, under Glacier.
Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the
phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.
Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L.
glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr.
glacies ice.] To turn to ice.
Gla"ci*ate, v. t. 1. To convert
into, or cover with, ice.
2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects
upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose
material, etc.
Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have
been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of
ice.
Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n. 1.
Act of freezing.
2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.
3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being
glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.
Gla"cier (?), n. [F.
glacier, fr. glace ice, L.
glacies.] An immense field or stream of
ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly
down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an
extended area, as in Greenland.
firn, or
n\'82v\'82; the glacier proper consist of solid ice,
deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope
or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it
accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines,
which are designated, according to their position, as
lateral, medial, or terminal
(see Moraine). The common rate of flow of the Alpine
glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and
about half that in winter.
Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory
that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered
with ice during the glacial, or ice,
period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose
materials on the earth's surface, called drift or
diluvium, were transported and accumulated.
Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining
to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy.
Sir T. Browne.
Gla"cis (?), n. [F.
glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See
Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently
sloping bank; especially (Fort.), that slope of earth
which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or
country (see Illust. of Ravelin).
<-- p. 628 -->
Glad (?), a.
[Compar. Gladder (?);
superl. Gladdest (?).]
[AS. gl\'91d bright, glad; akin to D.
glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat
smooth, shining, Icel. gla/r glad, bright, Dan. &
Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth, and
prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf.
Glabrous.]
1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; --
opposed to sorry, sorrowful, or
unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by
of, at, that, or by the
infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the
cause or reason.
A wise son maketh a glad father.
Prov. x. 1.
He that is glad at calamities shall not be
unpunished.
Prov. xvii. 5.
The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood.
Dryden.
He, glad of her attention gained.
Milton.
As we are now glad to behold your eyes.
Shak.
Glad am I that your highness is so armed.
Shak.
Glad on 't, glad of it.
[Colloq.] Shak.
2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing
or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.
Her conversation
More glad to me than to a miser money is.
Sir P. Sidney.
Glad evening and glad morn crowned the
fourth day.
Milton.
Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated;
delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering;
exhilarating; pleasing; animating. --
Glad, Delighted, Gratified.
Delighted expresses a much higher degree of pleasure
than glad. Gratified always refers to a
pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is
modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another.
A person may be glad or delighted to see a
friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his
visits.
Glad, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gladding.] [AS. gladian. See
Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v.
t.] To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to
exhilarate.
Chaucer.
That which gladded all the warrior train.
Dryden.
Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of
man.
Pope.
Glad, v. i. To be glad; to
rejoice. [Obs.]
Massinger.
Glad"den (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gladdened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gladdening
(?).] [See Glad, v.
t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please; to
gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.
A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him.
Addison.
Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to
rejoice.
The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight.
Wordsworth.
Glad"der (?), n. One who makes
glad.
Chaucer.
Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand.
origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W.
golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination,
fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch
glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]
1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or
cleared space in a forest.
There interspersed in lawns and opening glades.
Pope.
2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]
3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a
place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U.
S.]
Bottom glade. See under Bottom.
-- Glade net, in England, a net used for catching
woodcock and other birds in forest glades.
Gla"den (?), n. [AS.
gl\'91dene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf.
Gladiole.] (Bot.) Sword grass; any
plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European Iris
f\'d2tidissima. [Written also
gladwyn, gladdon, and
glader.]
Glad"eye` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer.
Glad"ful (?), a. Full of
gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] --
Glad"ful*ness, n.
[R.]
Spenser.
It followed him with gladful glee.
Spenser.
Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L.
gladius sword.] (Bot.)
Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the
iris, or of the gladiolus.
Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr.
gladius sword. See Glaive.] 1.
Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with
weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony,
or in the arena, for public amusement.
2. One who engages in any fierce combat or
controversy.
{ Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?),
Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants
in general.
Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The
art or practice of a gladiator.
Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or
art, of a gladiator.
Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial.
[R.]
Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L.
gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing;
gladiatorial contest.
Gayton.
Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L.
gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of
gladius sword. See Glaive.]
(Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus
Gladiolus; -- called also corn
flag.
Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L.
Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses
(#). [L. See Gladiole.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having
bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species,
some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their
flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.
2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the
sternum in some animals; the mesosternum.
\'d8Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl.
Gladii (#). [L., a sword.]
(Zo\'94l.) The internal shell, or pen, of
cephalopods like the squids.
Glad"ly (?), adv. [From
Glad, a.]
1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully;
eagerly.
The common people heard him gladly.
Mark xii. 37.
Glad"ness (?), n. [AS.
gl\'91dnes.] State or quality of being
glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.
They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and
singleness of heart.
Acts ii. 46.
Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to
mirth, merriment, gayety, and
triumph, and it usually expresses less than
delight. It sometimes expresses great joy.
The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good
day.
Esther viii. 17.
Glad"ship, n. [AS.
gl\'91dscipe.] A state of gladness.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Glad"some (?), a. 1.
Pleased; joyful; cheerful.
2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having
the appearance of gayety; pleasing.
Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day.
Prior.
-- Glad"some*ly, adv. --
Glad"some*ness, n.
Hours of perfect gladsomeness.
Wordsworth.
Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after
Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled pleasure
carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver
and footman.
Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.)
See Gladen.
Glair (?), n. [F.
glaire, glaire d'/uf, the glair of an
egg, prob. fr. L. clarus clear, bright. See
Clear, a.]
1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a
glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc.
2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling
the white of an egg.
3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of
halberd.
Glair, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glairing.] To smear with the
white of an egg.
Glaire (?), n. See
Glair.
Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy;
covered with glair.
Glair"in (?), n. A glairy
viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral
waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also
baregin.
Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or
partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and
transparent; slimy.
Wiseman.
Glaive (?), n. [F.
glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E.
claymore. Cf. Gladiator.] 1.
A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on
the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a
light lance with a long sharp-pointed head.
Wilhelm.
2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.
The glaive which he did wield.
Spenser.
\'d8Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.;cf. Gr.
/, L. gramiae, Gr. / blear-eyed.]
(Med.) A copious gummy secretion of the humor of
the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness;
lippitude.
Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot.
glamour, glamer; cf. Icel.
gl\'a0meggdr one who is troubled with the glaucoma
(?); or Icel. gl\'bem-s/ni weakness of sight,
glamour; gl\'bemr name of the moon, also of a ghost +
s/ni sight akin to E. see. Perh.,
however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]
1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear
different from what they really are.
2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell.
Tennyson.
3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to
appear different from what they really are.
The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that
seemed to lie over the broad valley.
W. Black.
4. Any artificial interest in, or association with,
an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or
glorified.
Glamour gift, Glamour
might, the gift or power of producing a glamour.
The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination
peculiar to women.
It had much of glamour might
To make a lady seem a knight.
Sir W. Scott.
Glam"ou*rie (?), n.
Glamour. [Scot.]
Glance (?), n. [Akin to D.
glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw.
glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf.
Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and
Glance a mineral.]
1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.
Swift as the lightning glance.
Milton.
2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual
look; a swift survey; a glimpse.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes.
Shak.
3. An incidental or passing thought or
allusion.
How fleet is a glance of the mind.
Cowper.
4. (Min.) A name given to some
sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic
luster, as the sulphide of copper, called copper
glance.
Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed
chiefly of carbon. -- Glance cobalt,
cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper,
c/alcocite. -- Glance wood, a hard wood
grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters'
rules, etc. McElrath.
Glance, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glancing (?).] 1.
To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.
From art, from nature, from the schools,
Let random influences glance,
Like light in many a shivered lance,
That breaks about the dappled pools.
Tennyson.
2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction;
to dart aside. \'b8Your arrow hath glanced\'b8.
Shak.
On me the curse aslope
Glanced on the ground.
Milton.
3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to
snatch a momentary or hasty view.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to
heaven.
Shak.
4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to
allude; to hint; -- often with at.
Wherein obscurely
C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at.
Shak.
He glanced at a certain reverend doctor.
Swift.
5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing
rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move
interruptedly; to twinkle.
And all along the forum and up the sacred seat,
His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small
glancing feet.
Macaulay.
Glance (?), v. t. 1.
To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a
moment; as, to glance the eye.
2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly.
[Obs.]
In company I often glanced it.
Shak.
Glan"cing (?), a. 1.
Shooting, as light.
When through the gancing lightnings fly.
Rowe.
2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique
direction; as, a glancing shot.
Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner;
transiently; incidentally; indirectly.
Hakewill.
Gland (?), n. [F.
glande, L. glans, glandis,
acorn; akin to Gr. / for /, and / to cast, throw, the acorn
being the dropped fruit. Cf. Parable,
n.]
1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for
secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body;
as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the salivary
glands of the mouth. (b) An
organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the
ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary glands, the
functions of which are very imperfectly known.
2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ
of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some
kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product. (b)
Any very small prominence.
3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a
stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes
called a follower. See Illust. of
Stuffing box, under Stuffing.
4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet
clutch.
Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF.
glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on
nuts or mast. [Obs.]
Crabb.
Glan"dered (?), a. Affected
with glanders; as, a glandered horse.
Yu/att.
Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders.
Youatt.
Glan"ders (?), n. [From
Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious
and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc.,
characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the
nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and
within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep,
and to human beings.
Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn
+ ferre to bear; cf. F.
glandif\'8are.] Bearing acorns or other
nuts; as, glandiferous trees.
Gland"i*form (?), a. [L.
glans, glandis, acorn + -form:
cf. F. glandiforme .] Having the form of a
gland or nut; resembling a gland.
Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
glandulaire. See Glandule.]
Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands;
pertaining to glands.
Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
glandulation.] (Bot.) The
situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants.
Martyn.
Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which
are either glandules, follicles, or utricles.
J. Lee.
Glan"dule (?), n. [L.
glandula, dim. of glans,
glandis, acorn: cf. F. glandule. See
Gland.] A small gland or secreting
vessel.
Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F.
glandulif\'8are.] Bearing glandules.
Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as
Glandulous.
Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n.
Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L.
glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.]
Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to
glands; resembling glands.
\'d8Glans (?) n.; pl.
Glandes (#). [L. See
Gland.]
1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms
the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.
2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak
and similar fruits.
Gray.
3. (Med.) (a) Goiter.
(b) A pessary. [Obs.]
Glare (gl, v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glared (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.]
[OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS.
gl\'91r amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn
like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E.
glass.]
1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.
The cavern glares with new-admitted light.
Dryden.
2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare
earnestly, angrily, or fiercely.
And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon.
Byron.
3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to
be ostentatiously splendid or gay.
She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring.
Pope.
Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a
dazzling light.
Every eye
Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.
Milton.
Glare, n. 1. A bright, dazzling
light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and
bewildering light.
The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare.
Dryden.
2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.
About them round,
A lion now he stalks with fiery glare.
Milton.
3. A viscous, transparent substance. See
Glair.
4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a
glare of ice. [U. S. ]
Glare, a. [See Glary, and
Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or
translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating
on glare ice. [U. S.]<-- used
generally of reflections of the sun -->
<-- p. 629 -->
Glar"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
glaireux. See Glair.]
Glairy.
John Georgy (1766).
{ Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness,
} n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy.
Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and
bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime. --
Glar"ing*ly, adv.
Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling
luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.
Bright, crystal glass is glary.
Boyle.
Glass (?), n. [OE.
glas, gles, AS. gl\'91s; akin to
D., G., Dan., & Sw. glas, Icel. glas,
gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. gl\'91r
amber, L. glaesum. Cf. Glare, n.,
Glaze, v. t.]
1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly
transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal
fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime,
potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and
mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and
various articles of ornament.
2. (Chem.) Any substance having a
peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and
usually produced by fusion.
3. Anything made of glass. Especially:
(a) A looking-glass; a mirror. (b)
A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an
hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is
exhausted of its sand.
She would not live
The running of one glass.
Shak.
(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence,
the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors;
as, he took a glass at dinner. (d)
An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural,
spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears
glasses. (e) A weatherglass; a
barometer.
Glass is much used adjectively or in
combination; as, glass maker, or
glassmaker; glass making or
glassmaking; glass blower or
glassblower, etc.
Bohemian glass, Cut glass,
etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. --
Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making
the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of
silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead;
the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass;
-- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of
blowing. -- Crystal glass, Flint
glass. See Flint glass, in the
Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass
made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then
split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. --
Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony
mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one
whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass
blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat
to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube. --
Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass
fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a
hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a
private carriage; -- so called because originally private
carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.]
Smart.
Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from
which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which
is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on
stands.
J. F. Cooper.
-- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets
of glass into sizes for window panes, ets. (b)
One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and
polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond
at the point, for cutting glass. -- Glass
cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing
glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond.
(b) The act or process of shaping the surface of
glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand,
emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially
of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the
like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said
to be engraved. -- Glass metal,
the fused material for making glass. -- Glass
painting, the art or process of producing decorative
effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining
the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other
metal. In common parlance, glass painting and
glass staining (see Glass staining,
below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in
windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper
faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes.
-- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when
in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. --
Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate
glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a
deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. -- Glass
soap, Glassmaker's soap, the
black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers
to take away color from the materials for glass. --
Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring
glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors,
in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf.
Glass painting. -- Glass tears.
See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works,
an establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy
glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of
a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass.
See Millefiore. -- Plate glass,
a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by
heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. --
Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by
pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass
(Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found
in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved
as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics
incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called
also water glass. -- Spun
glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. --
Toughened glass, Tempered
glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a
peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil,
melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of
the inventor of the process, Bastie
glass. -- Water glass.
(Chem.) See Soluble glass,
above. -- Window glass, glass in panes
suitable for windows.
Glass, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glassing.] 1. To
reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.
Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror.
Motley.
Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in
tempests.
Byron.
2. To case in glass. [R.]
Shak.
3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze.
Boyle.
4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by
rubbing it with a glass burnisher.
Glass"-crab` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The larval state
(Phyllosoma) of the genus Palinurus and
allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines,
thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma.
Glass"en (?), a. Glassy;
glazed. [Obs.]
And pursues the dice with glassen eyes.
B. Jonson.
Glass"eye` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish of the great lakes; the
wall-eyed pike.
2. (Far.) A species of blindness in
horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort
of amaurosis.
Youatt.
Glass"-faced` (?), a.
Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another.
[R.] \'bdThe glass-faced flatterer.\'b8
Shak.
Glass"ful (?), n.; pl.
Glassfuls (/). The contents of a
glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold.
Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like
glass. [Obs.] \'bdMinerva's
glassful shield.\'b8
Marston.
Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to
viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Glass"house` (?), n. A house
where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in
glassware.
Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to
resemble glass.
Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being
glassy.
Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a
Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John
Glass, a minister of the Established Church of
Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is \'bdno more than a
simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the
understanding.\'b8 The English and American adherents of this
faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert
Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.
Glass" mak`er (?), Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or
manufactures, glass. -- Glass" mak`ing,
Glass"mak`ing, n.
Glass"-rope` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the
genus Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a
long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy,
siliceous fibers, twisted together.
Glass"-snail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small, transparent, land snail, of
the genus Vitrina.
Glass"-snake` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A long, footless lizard
(Ophiosaurus ventralis), of the Southern United
States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking
into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name
is applied also to similar species found in the Old World.
Glass"-sponge` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus
Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their
glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also vitreous
sponge. See Glass-rope, and
Euplectella.
Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or
articles collectively, made of glass.
Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture
of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.
Glass"wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family
(Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems;
also, a prickly plant of the same family (Salsola
Kali), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes,
which yield soda for making glass and soap.
Glass"y (?), a. 1.
Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy
substance.
Bacon.
2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in
smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a
glassy stream; a glassy surface; the
glassy deep.
3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said
of the eyes. \'bdIn his glassy eye.\'b8
Byron.
Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety
of orthoclase; sanidine.
Glass"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.)
A variety of the common hawthorn.
Loudon.
Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or
glass. [Obs.]
Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From
Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F.
glaub\'82rite, G. glauberit.]
(Min.) A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of
soda and lime.
Glau"ber's salt` (?) Glau"ber's
salts` (/). [G.
glaubersalz, from Glauber, a German chemist
who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate
of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline
substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly
called \'bdsalts.\'b8
mirabilite. It is manufactured in large quantities as
an intermediate step in the \'bdsoda process,\'b8 and also for
use in glass making.
Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See
Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous
appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.
Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy;
-- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be
fumaric acid.
Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or
glaucescent.
Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as
a bitter, white, crystalline substance.
Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. /
silvery, gray + / to give.] (Min.) A
metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing
cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.
\'d8Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, fr. / light gray, blue gray.] (Med.)
Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of
transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media
of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with
marked increase of tension within the eyeball.
Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having
the nature of glaucoma.
Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See
Gleucometer.
Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F.
glauconite, glauconie, fr. L.
glaucus. See Glaucous.]
(Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the
greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous
silicate of iron and potash. See Greensand.
Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. /
silvery, gray + / to appear.] (Min.) A
mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is
characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.
\'d8Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /.] (Med.) Same as
Glaucoma.
Glau"cous (?), a. [L.
glaucus, Gr. /.]
1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing
into grayish blue.
Lindley.
2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or
fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or
on a cabbage leaf.
Gray.
\'d8Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea
green.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming
in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue
and silvery white.
Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in the
dark. [Scot.]
To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire
to.
Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three.
Burns.
Glave (?), n. See
Glaive.
Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic
origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.] 1.
To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]
Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern
diversely.
Wyclif.
2. To flatter; to wheedle.
[Obs.]
Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite.
South.
Glav"er*er (?), n. A
flatterer. [Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
Glay"more` (?), n. A
claymore.
Johnson.
Glase (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Glased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.]
[OE. glasen, glazen, fr.
glas. See Glass.]
1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease,
etc.) with glass.
Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and
glazed with crystalline glass.
Bacon.
2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin
surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to
glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth,
glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder,
and the like.
Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears.
Shak.
3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a
transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to
modify the effect.
Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of
glassy.
Glaze, n. 1. The vitreous
coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or
color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3.
Ure.
2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to
a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.
3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.
Glaz"en (?), a. [AS.
gl\'91sen.] Resembling glass; glasslike;
glazed. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Glaz"er (?), n. 1. One
who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who
gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or
smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.
2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing,
smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel
covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for
polishing cutlery, etc.
Gla"zier (?), n. [From
Glaze.] One whose business is to set
glass.
Glazier's diamond. See under
Diamond.
Glaz"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a
vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering
glossy.
2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame.
etc.
3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with
which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the
glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of paper.
4. (Paint.) Transparent, or
semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to
modify the effect.
Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed
appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin
iron.
Glead (?), n. A live coal. See
Gleed. [Archaic]
Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE.
glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E.
englaimed.] (Falconry) To
disgorge filth, as a hawk.
Gleam, n. [OE. glem,
gleam, AS. gl\'91m, prob. akin to E.
glimmer, and perh. to Gr. / warm, / to warm. Cf.
Glitter.]
1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a
beam; a ray; a glimpse.
Transient unexpected gleams of joi.
Addison.
At last a gleam
Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste
His [Satan's] traveled steps.
Milton.
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light.
Longfellow.
2. Brightness; splendor.
In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen.
Pope.
Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gleaming.] 1. To
shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light
gleams in the east.
2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter.
Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer,
Glitter. To gleam denotes a
faint but distinct emission of light. To glimmer
describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To
glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but
varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a
distant taper glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop
glitters in the sun. See Flash.
Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of
light, etc.).
Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights.
Shak.
Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light;
casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.
In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray,
Swift through the town the warrior bends his way.
Pope.
<-- p. 630 -->
Glean (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gleaned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gleaning.] [OE. glenen, OF.
glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr.
LL. glenare; cf. W. glan clean,
glanh/u to clean, purify, or AS. gelm,
gilm, a hand/ul.]
1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in
scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper,
or grapes left after the gathering.
To glean the broken ears after the man
That the main harvest reaps.
Shak.
2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is
left.
3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to
pick out; to obtain.
Content to glean what we can from . . .
experiments.
Locke.
Glean, v. i. 1. To gather
stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.
And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field
after the reapers.
Ruth ii. 3.
2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.
Piecemeal they this acre first, then that;
Glean on, and gather up the whole estate.
Pope.
Glean, n. A collection made by
gleaning.
The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs.
Dryden.
Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Glean"er (?), n. 1.
One who gathers after reapers.
2. One who gathers slowly with labor.
Locke.
Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after
reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.
Glenings of natural knowledge.
Cook.
Glebe (?), n. [F.
gl\'8abe, L. gleba, glaeba,
clod, land, soil.] 1. A lump; a clod.
2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.
Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine.
Milton.
3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or
yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical
benefice.
Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe.
Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being glebous. [R.]
{ Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y
(?), } a. [Cf. L.
glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining to the glebe;
turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. \'bdGleby
land.\'b8
Prior.
Glede (?), n. [AS.
glida, akin to Icel. gle/a,, Sw.
glada. Cf. Glide, v. i.]
(Zo\'94l.) The common European kite (Milvus
ictinus). This name is also sometimes applied to the
buzzard. [Written also glead,
gled, gleed, glade, and
glide.]
Glede, n. [See Gleed.]
A live coal. [Archaic]
The cruel ire, red as any glede.
Chaucer.
Glee (?), n. [OE.
gle, gleo, AS. gle\'a2w,
gle\'a2, akin to Icel. gl/: cf. Gr. /
joke, jest.]
1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the
mirth enjoyed at a feast.
Spenser.
3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for
three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.
Gleed (?), n. [AS.
gl/d, fr. gl/wan to glow as a fire;
akin to D. gloed, G. glut, Icel.
gl//. See Glow, v. i.]
A live or glowing coal; a glede.
[Archaic]
Chaucer. Longfellow.
Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay;
joyous.
Shak.
Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel.
leika to play, play a trick on, with the prefix
ge-; akin to AS. gel\'becan, Sw.
leka to play, Dan. lege.]
1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception.
[Obs.]
Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his
gleeks ?
Shak.
2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing
look or glance. [Obs.]
A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye.
Beau. & Fl.
Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to
sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G.
gl\'81ck, fortune. See Luck.]
1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three
persons. [Obs.]
Pepys. Evelyn.
2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand;
-- hence, three of anything. [Obs.]
Glee"man (?), n.; pl.
Gleemen (#). [Glee +
man; AS. gle\'a2man.] A name
anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.
Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf.
Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to
gleam. [Obs.]
Prior.
Glee"some (?), a. Merry;
joyous; gleeful.
Gleet (?), n. [OE.
glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus,
filth, OF. glete.] (Med.) A
transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra,
commonly an effect of gonorrhea.
Hoblyn.
Gleet, v. i. 1. To flow in a
thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet.
Wiseman.
2. To flow slowly, as water.
Cheyne.
Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin;
limpid.
Wiseman.
Gleg (?), a. [Icel.
gl\'94ggr.] Quick of perception; alert;
sharp. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Gleire (?), Gleyre,
n. See Glair. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin;
cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael.
gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow
valley; a dale; a depression between hills.
And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen.
Spenser.
{ Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et
(?), } n. A kind of Scotch whisky,
named from the district in which it was first made.
W. E. Aytoun.
Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. /; /
socket of a joint + / form; cf. F.
gl\'82no\'8bde.] (Anat.) Having
the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sock/tlike; --
applied to several articular surfaces of bone; as, the
glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the
head of the humerus articulates.
Gle*noid"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Glenoid.
Glent (?), n. & v. See
Glint.
Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
must + -meter: cf. F.
gleucom\'8atre.] An instrument for
measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of
sugar contained in must.
Glew (?), n. See
Glue. [Obs.]
Gley (?), v. i. [OE.
gli/en, glien, gleien, to
shine, to squint; cf. Icel. glj\'be to glitter.]
To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Gley (?), adv. Asquint;
askance; obliquely.
Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. /
glue: cf. F. gliadine.] (Chem.)
Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the
constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous
substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.
Glib (?), a.
[Compar. Glibber (?);
superl. Glibbest (?).]
[Prob. fr. D. glibberen, glippen, to
slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib,
slippery.]
1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is
glib. [Obs.]
2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant
rapidity; fluent; voluble; as, a glib tongue; a
glib speech.
I want that glib and oily art,
To speak and purpose not.
Shak.
Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.
Glib, v. t. To make glib.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a
lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair, hanging over the
eyes. [Obs.]
The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long
glibs, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging
down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them.
Spenser.
Their wild costume of the glib and mantle.
Southey.
Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E.
lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live, LG.
& OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to
emasculate. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gilb"ber*y (?), a. 1.
Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]
My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't.
Marston.
2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble.
[Obs.]
Thy lubrical and glibbery muse.
B. Jonson.
Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as,
to speak glibly.
Glib"ness, n. The quality of being
glib.
Glicke (?), n. [Cf.
Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic
wise, cunning, crafty.] An ogling look.
[Obs.]
Glid"den (?), obs. p.
p. of Glide.
Chaucer.
{ Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y
(?), } a. [Cf.
Glide.] Giving no sure footing; smooth;
slippery. [Prov. Eng.]
Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones.
R. D. Blackmore.
Glide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The glede or kite.
Glide, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gliding.] [AS. gl\'c6dan;
akin to D. glijden, OHG. gl\'c6tan, G.
gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan. glide,
and prob. to E. glad.]
1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along
without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and
easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its
channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.
The river glideth at his own sweet will.
Wordsworth.
2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the
voice.
Glide, n. 1. The act or manner
of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or
obstruction.
They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts,
With rapid glide, along the leaning line.
Thomson.
Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself,
And with indented glides did slip away.
Shak.
2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in
speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from
one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the
most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end
of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant
to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a
double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to
Pronunciation, Guide to
Pronunciation,
on-glide of a vowel or consonant is
the glidemade in passing to it, the off-glide, one
made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are
distinguished as initial or final, or
fore-glides and after-glides. For
voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation,
Glid"en (?), obs. p.
p. of Glide.
Chaucer.
Glid"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, glides.
Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding
manner.
Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE.
gliffen, gliften, to look with fear
at.] 1. A transient glance; an unexpected
view of something that startles one; a sudden fear.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Halliwell.
2. A moment: as, for a gliff.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Glike (?), n. [See
Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout.
[Obs.]
Glim (?), n. 1.
Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]
2. A light or candle. [Slang]
Dickens.
Douse the glim, put out the light.
[Slang]
Glim"mer (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glimmered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glimmering.] [Akin to G.
glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica,
glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine
faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D.
glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray,
and cf. Glimpse.] To give feeble or scattered
rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light;
as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering
lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day.
Shak.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam,
Flash.
Glim"mer, n. 1. A faint,
unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a
gleam.
Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls.
Tennyson.
2. Mica. See Mica.
Woodsward.
Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov.
Eng.]
Tennyson.
Glim"mer*ing, n. 1. Faint,
unsteady light; a glimmer.
South.
2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an
inkling.
Glimpse (?), n. [For
glimse, from the root of glimmer.]
1. A sudden flash; transient luster.
LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran.
Milton.
2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or
fragmentary perception; a quick sight.
Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen.
S. Rogers.
3. A faint idea; an inkling.
Glimpse (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glimpsed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to
catch glimpses.
Drayton.
Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to
see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of.
Some glimpsing and no perfect sight.
Chaucer.
Glint (?), n. [OE.
glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam.
[Scot.] \'bdHe saw a glint of light.\'b8
Ramsay.
Glint, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Glinting.] [OE. glenten. Cf.
Glance, v. i., Glitter, v.
i.] To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from
the bud; to glitter.
Burns.
Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as,
to glint the eye.
\'d8Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / glue + -oma.] (Med.) A
tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the
brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous
system.
\'d8Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L.,
dormice.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals;
the Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#),
a.
\'d8Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr.
glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a snow
slope in the Alps.
Tyndall.
Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if
It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.)
A gliding effect; gliding.
\'d8Glis*sette" (?), n. [F.,
fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.)
The locus described by any point attached to a curve that
slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve
having no rotation at any instant.
Glist (?), n. [From
Glisten.] Glimmer; mica.
Glis"ten (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glistened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistening
(?).] [OE. glistnian, akin
to glisnen, glisien, AS.
glisian, glisnian, akin to E.
glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and
cf. Glister, v. i.] To sparkle or
shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful
luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as,
the glistening stars.
Syn. -- See Flash.
Glis"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glistered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glistering.] [OE. glistren;
akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D.
glinsteren, and E. glisten. See
Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to be
brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.
All that glisters is not gold.
Shak.
Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster.
Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF.
glistere.] Same as Clyster.
Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering
manner.
Glit"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glittered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glittering.] [OE. gliteren;
akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra,
glita, AS. glitenian, OS.
gl\'c6tan, OHG. gl\'c6zzan, G.
gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan, and also to E.
glint, glisten, and prob.
glance, gleam.]
1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant
and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a
glittering sword.
The field yet glitters with the pomp of war.
Dryden.
2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence
attractive; as, the glittering scenes of a
court.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to
glare. See Gleam, Flash.
Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light;
brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; as, the
glitter of arms; the glitter of royal
equipage.
Milton.
Glit"ter*and (?), a.
Glittering. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering
manner.
Gloam (?), v. i. [See
Gloom, Glum.]
1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.
2. To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]
Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming.
[R.]
Keats.
Gloam"ing, n. [See
Gloom.] 1. Twilight; dusk; the fall
of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in
poetry.]
Hogg.
2. Sullenness; melancholy.
[Obs.]
J. Still.
Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren,
glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To squint; to
stare. [Obs.]
Gloat (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Gloating.] [Akin to
Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G.
glotzen to gloat.] To look steadfastly; to
gaz/ earnestly; -- usually in a bad sense, to gaze with malig
nant satisfaction, passionate desire, lust, or avarice.
In vengeance gloating on another's pain.
Byron.
Glo"bard (?), n. [OE.
globerde, from glow.] A
glowworm. [>Obs.]
Holland.
{ Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted
(?), } a. [L. globatus,
p. p. of globare to make into a ball, fr.
globus ball.] Having the form of a globe;
spherical.
Globe (?), n. [L.
globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of
yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F.
globe.]
1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a
body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center;
a ball; a sphere.
2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular
in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the
globe of a lamp.
3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually
preceded by the definite article.
Locke.
4. A round model of the world; a spherical
representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or
celestial globe; -- called also artificial
globe.
5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up
in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans,
answering to the modern infantry square.
Him round
A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed.
Milton.
Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of
the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa), bearing
round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color
when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small,
globular, locomotive organism (Volvox globator), once
throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of
microscopic alg\'91. -- Globe of compression
(Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; --
called also overcharged mine. --
Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower
of the genus Globularing, common in Europe. The
flowers are minute and form globular heads. -- Globe
sight, a form of front sight placed on target
rifles. -- Globe slater (Zo\'94l.),
an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma.
-- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike
plant with the flowers in large globular heads (Cynara
Scolymus); also, certain species of the related genus
Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a)
A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a
globular chamber. Knight.
<-- p. 631 -->
Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb,
Ball. -- Globe denotes a round,
and usually a solid body; sphere is the term applied
in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs
of the old astronomers; orb is used, especially in
poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a
heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies
concieved of as impelled through space.
Globe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Globed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.] To
gather or form into a globe.
Globe"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A plectognath fish of the genera
Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied genera. The
globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a
more or less globular form. Called also porcupine
fish, and sea hedgehog. See
Diodon.
Globe"flow`er (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus
Trollius (T. Europ\'91us), found in the
mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped
flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius
laxus.
Japan globeflower. See
Corchorus.
Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped
like a globe.
Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Globe + -ferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a round or globular tip.
\'d8Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.;
pl. Globigerin (#). [NL.,
fr. L. globus a round body + gerere to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small
Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the
sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large
part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet,
and called globigerina ooze. See Illust. of
Foraminifera.
Glo*bose" (?), a. [L.
globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling
that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical.
Milton.
Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner;
globularly.
Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L.
globositas: cf. F. globosit\'82.]
Sphericity.
Ray.
Glo"bous (?), a. [See
Globose.] Spherical.
Milton.
Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form
of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as,
globular atoms.
Milton.
Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface
constructed on the principles of the globular projection. --
Globular projection (Map Projection), a
perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a
plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight
being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the
opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere
into the sine of 45 -- Globular sailing,
sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the
shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.
Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.
Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv.
Spherically.
Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity;
globosity.
Glob"ule (?), n. [L.
globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F.
globule.] 1. A little globe; a
small particle of matter, of a spherical form.
Globules of snow.
Sir I. Newton.
These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . .
. deeply in the skull.
Paley.
2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded
structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi,
spores, etc.
3. A little pill or pellet used by
homeopathists.
Glob"u*let (?), n. A little
globule.
Crabb.
Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Globule + -ferous.]
Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a
variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are
isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of
the rock.
Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n.
[Globule + -meter.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the number
of red blood corpuscles in the blood.
Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From
Globule: cf. F. globuline.]
(Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body, insoluble in
water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in
the red blood corpuscles united with h\'91matin to form
h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the
eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called
crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a
group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen,
etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt
solutions.
Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See
Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary
form of crystallite, spherical in shape.
Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
globuleux.] Globular; spherical;
orbicular. -- Glob"u*lous*ness,
n.
Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or
pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular. \'bdThe
globy sea.\'b8
Milton.
Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. /
point of an arrow.] (Bot.) Having barbs;
as, glochidiate bristles.
Gray.
\'d8Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
the point of an arrow.] (Zo\'94l.) The
larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite
upon the parent's gills.
Glode (?), obs.
imp. of Glide.
Chaucer.
{ Glombe (?), Glome (?),
} v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose,
or sullen. [Obs.]
Surrey.
Glome (?), n. Gloom.
[Obs.]
Glome (?), n. [L.
glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.]
(Anat.) One of the two prominences at the
posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.
Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L.
glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to
glomerate, from glomus. See 3d Glome.]
Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster;
conglomerate.
Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Glomerated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glomerating
(?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to
collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.
Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
glomeratio.]
1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or
round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball;
conglomeration.
2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball.
Bacon.
Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L.
glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d
Glome.] Gathered or formed into a ball or
round mass. [Obs.]
Blount.
Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr.
L. glomus ball.]
1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of
flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering
dogwood.
2. (Anat.) A glomerulus.
\'d8Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L.
glomus. See 3d Glome.]
(Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood
vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.
Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
glomus a ball + -ferous.]
(Biol.) Having small clusters of minutely
branched coral-like excrescences.
M. C. Cooke.
{ Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine }
(?), n. [Glycerin +
oxygen + nitrogen + -in,
-ine.]
1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also
oil of glonoin. [Obs.]
2. (Med.) A dilute solution of
nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.
Gloom (gl, n. [AS.
gl twilight, from the root of E.
glow. See Glow, and cf. Glum,
Gloam.]
1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade;
obscurity; as, the gloom of a forest, or of
midnight.
2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.
Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks.
Tennyson .
3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy;
aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.
A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by
fits.
Burke.
4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.
Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness;
depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See
Darkness.
Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glooming.] 1. To
shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.
2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal,
gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight.
The black gibbet glooms beside the way.
Goldsmith.
[This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom.
Spenser.
Gloom, v. t. 1. To render
gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.
A bow window . . . gloomed with limes.
Walpole.
A black yew gloomed the stagnant air.
Tennyson.
2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or
sullen.
Such a mood as that which lately gloomed
Your fancy.
Tennison.
What sorrows gloomed that parting day.
Goldsmith.
Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a
gloomy manner.
Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being
gloomy.
Addison.
Gloom"ing, n. [Cf.
Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening);
the gloaming.
When the faint glooming in the sky
First lightened into day.
Trench.
The balmy glooming, crescent-lit.
Tennyson.
Gloomth (?), n. Gloom.
[R.]
Walpole.
Gloom"y (?), a.
[Compar. Gloomier (?);
superl. Gloomiest.] 1.
Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or
darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was
gloomy. \'bdThough hid in
gloomiest shade.\'b8
Milton.
2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy;
dejected; as, a gloomy temper or
countenance.
Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen;
morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected;
disheartened.
Glop"pen (?), v. t. & i. [OE.
glopnen to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel.
gl/pna to look downcast.] To surprise or
astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Glore (?), v. i. [See
Gloar.] To glare; to glower.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L.,
glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology
(beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung
or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman
Catholic and other churches. (b) A portion of
the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on
high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the
Episcopal Church the version in English is used.
(c) The musical setting of a gloria.
Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L.
gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast,
fr. gloria glory. See Glory,
n.] Boast; a triumphing.
[Obs.]
Bp. Richardson.
Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind.
Hobbes.
Glo"ried (?), a. [See
Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See
Glorify.] 1. The act of glorifyng or
of giving glory to.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being glorifed; as, the
glorification of Christ after his
resurrection.
Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Glorified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glorifying.] [F. glorifier,
L. glorificare; gloria glory +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to
confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or
happiness, or to celestial glory.
Jesus was not yet glorified.
John vii. 39.
2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart,
by ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to
render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.
That we for thee may glorify the Lord.
Shak.
Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L.
gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria
glory.] An aureole. [R.]
Msr. Browning.
\'d8Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl.,
fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.]
(Bot.) A genus of climbing plants with very showy
lilylike blossoms, natives of India.
Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L.
gloriosus boastful.] A boaster.
[Obs.]
Greene.
\'d8Glo`ri*o"so (?), n.
[It.] A boaster. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF.
glorios, glorious, F. glorieux,
fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory,
n.]
1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that
are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent;
splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as,
glorious deeds.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good !
Milton.
2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty;
boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious. [Obs.]
Most miserable
Is the desire that's glorious.
Shak.
3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink.
[Colloq.]
kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious,
O'er all the ills of life victorious.
Burns.
During his office treason was no crime,
The sons of Belial had a glorious time.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious;
celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid.
-- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Glo"ri*ous*ness, n.
Udall.
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed
gloriously.
Ex. xv. 21.
I speak it not gloriously, nor out of
affectation.
B. Jonson.
Glo"ry (?), n. [OE.
glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F.
gloire, fr. L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr.
/, Skr. /ravas glory, praise, /ru to
hear. See Loud.]
1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction,
accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation;
honorable fame; renown.
Glory to God in the highest.
Luke ii. 14.
Spread his glory through all countries wide.
Spenser.
2. That quality in a person or thing which secures
general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an
object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency;
brilliancy; splendor.
Think it no glory to swell in tyranny.
Sir P. Sidney.
Jewels lose their glory if neglected.
Shak.
Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown.
Young.
3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.
In glory of thy fortunes.
Chapman.
4. The presence of the Divine Being; the
manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in
heaven; celestial honor; heaven.
Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me
to glory.
Ps. lxxiii. 24.
5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from
beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of
gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a
disk, or a mere line.
nimbus; when encircling the
whole body, aureola or aureole.
Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass
furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior.
Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.),
the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus
Dampieri and C. puniceus) of Australia and New
Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers. --
Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to
several species of the verbenaceous genus
Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical
regions.
Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glorying.] [OE.
glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L.
gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See
Glory, n.]
1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.
Glory ye in his holy name.
Ps. cv./
2. To boast; to be proud.
God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross
of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Gal. vi. 14
No one . . . should glory in his prosperity.
Richardson.
Glose (?), n. & v. See
Gloze.
Chaucer.
Glos"er (?), n. See
Glosser.
Gloss (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG.
glosen to glow, G. glosten to glimmer;
perh. akin to E. glass.] 1.
Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth
surface; polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is
calendered to give it a gloss.
It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any
fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford.
Hooker.
2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or
show.
To me more dear, congenial to my heart,
One native charm than all the gloss of art.
Goldsmith.
Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glossing.] To give a
superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining;
as, to gloss cloth.
The glossed and gleamy wave.
J. R. Drake.
Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F.
glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing
explanation, fr. Gr. / tongue, language, word needing
explanation. Cf. Gloze, Glossary,
Glottis.]
1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon
word requiring explanation. [Obs.]
2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more
words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a
running commentary.
All this, without a gloss or comment,
He would unriddle in a moment.
Hudibras.
Explaining the text in short glosses.
T. Baker.
3. A false or specious explanation.
Dryden.
<-- p. 632 -->
Gloss (?), v. t. 1. To
render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain;
to annotate.
2. To give a specious appearance to; to render
specious and plausible; to palliate by specious
explanation.
You have the art to gloss the foulest cause.
Philips.
Gloss (?), v. i. 1. To
make comments; to comment; to explain.
Dryden.
2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations.
Prior.
\'d8Glos"sa (?), n.; pl.
Gloss/ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
the tongue.] (Zo\'94l.) The tongue, or
lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera.
Glos"sal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the tongue; lingual.
Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. /
tongue + E. anthrax: cf. F.
glossanthrax.] A disease of horses and
cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the
tongue.
Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a
glossary.
Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
a glossary.
Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer
of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.
Tyrwhitt.
Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Gossaries (#). [L.
glossarium, fr. glossa: cf. F.
glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A
collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a
work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a
dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other
uncommon words.
\'d8Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Glossa.] (Zo\'94l.) The
Lepidoptera.
Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d
Gloss.] A writer of glosses or comments; a
commentator. [R.] \'bdThe . . .
glossators of Aristotle.\'b8
Milman.
Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst
Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a
luster.
Gloss"er, n. [See 3d
Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a
commentator.
L. Addison.
Glos"sic (?), n. [L.
glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d
Gloss.] A system of phonetic spelling based
upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using
one symbol to represent one sound only.
Ingglish Glosik konvai/z hwotev/er
proanusiai/shon iz inten/ded bei dhi reiter.
A. J. Ellis.
Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a
glossy manner.
Gloss"i*ness, n. [From
Glossy.] The condition or quality of being
glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface.
Boyle.
Gloss"ist, n. A writer of
comments. [Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / tongue + -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the tongue.
Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss;
specious.
Cowley.
\'d8Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL.,
fr. Gr. / a kind of case.] A kind of hoisting
winch.
Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a.
[Gr. / tongue + E. epiglottic.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis;
as, glossoepiglottic folds.
Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr.
/; / tongue + / to write. See 3d Gloss.]
A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.
Hayward.
Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to glossography.
Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See
Glossographer.] The writing of glossaries,
glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.
Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. /
the tongue + the letter /.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; --
applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many
fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage;
lingual bone; entoglossal bone.
{ \'d8Glos`so*la"li*a (?),
Glos*sol"a*ly (?), } n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / tongue + / talk: cf. F.
glossolalie.] The gift of tongues.
Farrar.
Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to glossology.
Glas*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who
defines and explains terms; one who is versed in
glossology.
Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
tongue + -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d
Gloss.] 1. The definition and
explanation of terms; a glossary.
2. The science of language; comparative philology;
linguistics; glottology.
Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a.
[Gr. / the tongue + E. pharyngeal.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to both the tongue and the
pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial
nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. --
n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.
Gloss"y (?), a.
[Compar. Glossier (?);
superl. Glossiest.] [See
Gloss luster.] 1. Smooth and
shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly
polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a
glossy surface.
2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as,
glossy deceit.
Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed
pottery is fired; -- also called glaze kiln,
or glaze.
Glot"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.
Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the
breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the
glotts. Sweet.
{ Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
glottis; glottal.
Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/, /, from /, /, the tongue. See Gloss an
explanatory remark.] (Anat.) The opening
from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See
Larynx.
Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to glottology.
Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A
linguist; a philologist.
Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the tongue + -logy.] The science of
tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.
Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf.
Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen.
[Obs.]
Garth.
Glout (?), v. t. To view
attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.]
Wright.
Glove (?), n. [OE.
glove, glofe, AS. gl/f; akin
to Icel. gl/fi, cf. Goth. l/fa palm of
the hand, Icel. l/fi.]
1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist,
with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic
distinguishes the glove from the
mitten.
2. A boxing glove.
Boxing glove. See under Boxing.
-- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the
fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove
money . (a) A tip or
gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with.
(b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to
officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country
to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no
offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge
(Zo\'94l.), a fine and soft variety of commercial
sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand
and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good
terms with. \'bdHand and glove with traitors.\'b8
J. H. Newman. -- To handle without
gloves,<-- with the gloves off, to take the gloves off -->
to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly
with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the
glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a
quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to
challenge to combat.
Glove, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a
glove.
Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade
it is to make or sell gloves.
Glover's suture , a kind of stitch used in sewing up
wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each
side from within outward.
Glow (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glowed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.]
[AS. gl/wan; akin to D. gloeijen,
OHG. gluoen, G. gl\'81hen, Icel.
gl/a, Dan. gloende glowing. /. Cf.
Gloom.]
1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give
forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent.
Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.
Pope.
2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be
brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or
animation, with blushes, etc.
Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays.
Dryden.
And glow with shame of your proceedings.
Shak.
3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of
the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.
Did not his temples glow
In the same sultry winds and acrching heats?
Addison.
The cord slides swiftly through his glowing
hands.
Gay.
4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as
by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as,
the heart glows with love, zeal, or
patriotism.
With pride it mounts, and with revenge it
glows.
Dryden.
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows.
Pope.
Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush.
[Poetic]
Fans, whose wind did seem
To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool.
Shak.
Glow, n. 1. White or red heat;
incandscence.
2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy
flush; as, the glow of health in the
cheeks.
3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or
heat of passion; ardor.
The red glow of scorn.
Shak.
4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that
produced by exercise, etc.
Glow"bard (?), n. [See
Globard.] The glowworm.
[Obs.]
Glow"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glowered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.]
to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl.
Thackeray.
Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.
Glow"lamp` (?), n. 1.
(Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See
Aphlogistic.
2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See
Incandescent, a.
Glow"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A coleopterous insect of the genus
Lampyris; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of
the two European species (L. noctiluca, and L.
splendidula), which emit light from some of the abdominal
segments.
Like a glowworm in the night,
The which hath fire in darkness, none in light.
Shak.
glowworms. Both sexes of these are winged when mature.
See Firefly.
\'d8Glox*in"i*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) American genus of
herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; --
named after B. P. Gloxin, a German botanist.
Gloze (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Glozed(?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.]
[OE. glosen, F. gloser. See
gloss explanation.]
1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk
smoothly.
Chaucer.
A false, glozing parasite.
South.
So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned.
Milton.
2. To give a specious or false meaning; to
ministerpret.
Shak.
Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to
palliate.
By glozing the evil that is in the world.
I. Taylor.
Gloze, n. 1. Flattery;
adulation; smooth speech.
Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by.
Shak.
2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Gloz"er (?), n. A
flatterer. [Obs.]
Gifford (1580).
Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. /
sweet.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, sugar; as, glucic acid.
Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F.
glycine, glucine. So called because it
forms sweet salts. See Glucinum.]
(Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder, the
oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called
glucine.
Glu*cin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, glucinum; as, glucinic oxide.
Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F.
glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. /, sweet. Cf.
Glycerin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic
element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1),
resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free
state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or
both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or
emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide
glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated.
Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also
beryllium. [Formerly written also
glucinium.]<-- modern name Beryllium, symbol
Be -->
Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.]
See Glycogen.
Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n.
Glycogenesis. [R.]
Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, glucose.
Gluconic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of
glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and
dextronic acid.
Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. /
sweet. Cf. Glycerin.]
1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very
abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in
great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and
acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also
dextrose, grape sugar,
diabetic sugar, and starch
sugar. See Dextrose.
2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of
sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose,
galactose, etc.<-- ?Now only one is called glucose -- when
did this usage diappear? = hexose-->
3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an
uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and
containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also
maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of
sirups, beers, etc.
Glu"co*side (?), n. [See
Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large
series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very
widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as
influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars.
They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of
ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into
some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole,
or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence
the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers,
and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
\'d8Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. / urine.]
(Med.) A condition in which glucose is discharged
in the urine; diabetes mellitus.
Glue (?), n. [F.
glu, L. glus, akin to gluten,
from gluere to draw together. Cf.
Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin,
obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of
animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and
tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The
name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances.
Bee glue. See under Bee. --
Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained from
fish skins and bladders; isinglass. -- Glue plant
(Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis
tenax). -- Liquid glue, a fluid
preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol. --
Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha,
with shellac, used in shipbuilding.
Glue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gluing.] [F. gluer. See
Glue, n.] To join with glue or a
viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with
glue; to fix or fasten.
This cold, congealed blood
That glues my lips, and will not let me speak.
Shak.
Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for
melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue,
immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to
soften the glue.
Glu"er (?), n. One who cements
with glue.
Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous;
glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.
Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity.
Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey.
Sherwood.
Glum (?), n. [See
Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen.
I frighten people by my glun face.
Thackeray.
Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a
sour countenance; to be glum. [Obs.]
Hawes.
Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F.
glumanc\'82. See Glume.] Having
glumes; consisting of glumes.
Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.)
Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a
glume.
Glume (?), n. [L.
gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or
peel: cf. F. glume or gloume.]
(Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or
seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a
spikelt.
Gray.
{ Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle
(?), } n. [F. glumelle,
dim. of glume.] (Bot.) One of
the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of
grasses.
Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum
manner; sullenly; moodily.
Glum"my (?), a. [See
Gloom.] dark; gloomy; dismal.
[Obs.]
Glum"ness, n. Moodiness;
sullenness.
Glump (?), v. i. [See
Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk.
[Colloq.]
<-- p. 633 -->
Glump"y (?), a. Glum; sullen;
sulky. [Colloq.] \'bdHe was glumpy
enough.\'b8
T. Hook.
Glunch (?), a. [Cf.
Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen.
Sir W. Scott. -- n. A sullen,
angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]
Glut (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Glutting.] [OE.
glotten, fr. OF. glotir,
gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire;
cf. Gr. / to eat, Skr. gar. Cf. Gluttion,
Englut.] 1. To swallow, or to
swallow greedlly; to gorge.
Though every drop of water swear against it,
And gape at widest to glut him.
Shak.
2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire
or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.
His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice,
Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes.
Dryden.
The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to
glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded
populace.
C. Kingsley.
To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply
of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for
it.
Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to
satiety.
Like three horses that have broken fence,
And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn.
Tennyson.
Glut, n. 1. That which is
swallowed.
Milton
2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply;
hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over
abundance; as, a glut of the market.
<-- "of", not "on" the market! -->
A glut of those talents which raise men to
eminence.
Macaulay.
3. Something that fills up an opening; a
clog.
4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting
blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b)
(Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind
cribbing or tubbing. Raymond. (c)
(Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick,
used to fill out a course. Knight. (d)
(Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a
klin. (e) A block used for a fulcrum.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The broad-nosed eel
(Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the
West Indies, etc.
Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a.
[Glutaric + aconitic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid
intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.
\'d8Glu*t\'91"us (?), n. [NL.
See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great
muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the
corresponding muscle in many lower animals.
glut\'91us is composed of
three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help
support the body in standing.
Glu*tam"ic (?), a.
[Gluten + -amic.]
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to gluten.
Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid
obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also
amido-glutaric acid.<-- one of the
natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins
C5H9NO4. -->
Glu*tar"ic (?), a.
[Glutamic + tartaric.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid so called; as, glutaric ethers.
Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a
white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; --
called also normal pyrotartaric
acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino
acids found in many proteins -->
Glu"ta*zine (?), n.
(Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy,
sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of
pyridine.
Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. / rump,
pl., the buttocks.] (Anat.) Pertaining to,
or in the region of, the glut\'91us.
Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf.
F. gluten. See Glue.]
(Chem.) The viscid, tenacious substance which
gives adhesiveness to dough.
Gluten is a complex and variable mixture
of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily
material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may
be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a
current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus
washed out.
Gluten bread, bread containing a large
proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes. --
Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable
proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark,
amorphous, earthy mass. -- Gluten fibrin
(Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal
grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow
substance.
\'d8Glu*te"us (?), n.
[NL.] (Anat.) Same as
Glut.
Glu"tin (?), n. [See
Gluten.] (Chem.)
1. Same as Gliadin.
2. Sometimes synonymous with
Gelatin. [R.]
Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Glutinated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glutinating.] [L.
glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr.
gluten glue.] To unite with glue; to
cement; to stick together.
Bailey.
Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L.
glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.]
The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.
Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L.
glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.]
Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous;
glutinous.
Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
glutinosit\'82 .] The quality of being
glutinous; viscousness. [R.]
Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L.
glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F.
glutineux. See Gluten.]
1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous;
viscid; adhesive; gluey.
2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or
sticky surface, as a leaf or gland.
Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The
quality of being glutinous.
Glut"ton (?), n. [OE.
glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr.
L. gluto, glutto. See Glut.]
1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a
gormandizer.
2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.
Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy.
Granville.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous mammal
(Gulo luscus), of the family Mustelid\'91,
about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be
inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a
native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.
<-- in 1996, spelled Wolverine, and spn = Gulo gulo -->
Glutton bird (Zo\'94l.), the giant
fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); -- called also
Mother Carey's goose, and
mollymawk.
<-- glutton for punishment = one persistent in an effort in spite
of harmful results -->
Glut"ton (?), a. Gluttonous;
greedy; gormandizing. \'bdGlutton souls.\'b8
Dryden.
A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry
ministry in our days.
Fuller.
Glut"ton, v. t. & i. To glut; to eat
voraciously. [Obs.]
Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine.
Lovelace.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed.
Drayton.
Glut"ton*ish, a. Gluttonous;
greedy.
Sir P. Sidney.
Glut"ton*ize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gluttonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluttonizing
(?).] To eat to excess; to eat
voraciously; to gormandize.
Hallywell.
Glut"ton*ous (?), a. Given to
gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious;
as, a gluttonous age. --
Glut"ton*ous*ly, adv. --
Glut"ton*ous*ness, n.
Glut"ton*y (?), n.; pl.
Gluttonies (#). [OE.
glotonie, OF. glotonie,
gloutonnie.] Excess in eating; extravagant
indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity.
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous
feasts.
Milton.
Glyc"er*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of glyceric acid.
Gly*cer"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from,
glycerin.
Glyceric acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick
liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has
both acid and alcoholic properties.
Glyc"er*ide (?), n. [See
Glycerin.] (Chem.) A compound
ether (formed from glycerin). Some glycerides exist
ready formed as natural fats, others are produced
artificially.
Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine
(/), n. [F.
glyc\'82rine, fr. Gr. glykero`s,
glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose,
Licorice.] (Chem.) An oily,
viscous liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and
odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural
fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic,
margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and
hence is also called glycerol. See Note under
Gelatin.
Glyc"er*ite (?), n.
(Med.) A medicinal preparation made by mixing or
dissolving a substance in glycerin.
Glyc"er*ol (?), n.
(Chem.) Same as Glycerin.
Clyc"er*ole (?), n. [F.
glyc\'82rol\'82.] (Med.) Same as
Glycerite.
Glyc"er*yl (?), n.
[Glycerin + -yl.]
(Chem.) A compound radical,
C3H5, regarded as the essential radical of
glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also
propenyl.
Glyc"ide (?), n.
[Glyceric + anhydride.]
(Chem.) A colorless liquid, obtained from certain
derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated
glycerin; -- called also glycidic
alcohol.
Gly*cid"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide;
as, glycidic acid.
Gly"cin (?), n. [Gr.
glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Same as Glycocoll.
Gly`co*cho"late (?), n.
[Glycocoll + cholic.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A salt of glycocholic acid;
as, sodium glycocholate.
Gly`co*chol"ic (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or composed of,
glycocoll and cholic acid.
Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.),
a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid,
present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly
forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white
needles.
Gly"co*cin (?), n.
[Glycocoll + -in.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Glycocoll.
Gly"co*coll (?), n. [Gr.
glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous
substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by
boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with
cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with
acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also
glycin, and glycocin.
Gly"co*gen (?), n. [Gr. /
sweet + -gen: cf. F. glycog\'8ane.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A white, amorphous, tasteless
substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent
fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and
in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in
the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with
dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of
amylolytic ferments.
<-- polysaccharide, used as a sugar storage substance in animals
-->
Gly`co*gen"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the
glycogenic function of the liver.
{ Gly*cog"e*ny (?),
Gly`co*gen"e*sis (?), } n.
(Physiol.) The production or formation of sugar
from gycogen, as in the liver.
Gly"col (?), n.
[Glycerin + -ol. See
Glycerin.] (Chem.) (a) A
thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a
sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene
compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary
ethyl alcohol and glycerin. <-- usu. called ethylene glycol
-->(b) Any one of the large class of diacid
alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.<-- diol -->
Gly*col"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol;
as, glycolic ether; glycolic
acid.
Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the
wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced
artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of
glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white
crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the
properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the
hydroxy acids; -- called also hydroxyacetic
acid.
Gly"co*lide (?), n.
[Glycol + anhydride.]
(Chem.) A white amorphous powder,
C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating
glycolic acid. [Written also
glycollide.]
Gly`co*lu"ric (?), a.
[Glycol + uric.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and
urea; as, glycoluric acid, which is called also
hydantoic acid.
Gly`co*lu"ril (?), n.
[Glycolyl + uric.]
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous
substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto\'8bn.
Gly"co*lyl (?), n.
[Glycolic + -yl.]
(Chem.) A divalent, compound radical,
CO.CH2, regarded as the essential radical of
glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.
Gly*co"ni*an (?), a. & n.
Glyconic.
Gly*con"ic (?), a. [Gr. / a
kind of verse, so called from its inventor,
Glycon.] (Pros.) Consisting of a
spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse
in Greek and Latin poetry. -- n.
(Pros.) A glyconic verse.
Gly"co*nin (?), n. An emulsion
of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a
vehicle for medicines, etc.
Gly"co*sine (?), n.
(Chem.) An organic base, C6H6N4,
produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the
action of ammonia on glyoxal.
\'d8Gly`co*su"ri*a (?), n.
(Med.) Same as Gluoosuria.
\'d8Glyc`yr*rhi"za (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /; / sweet + / root. Cf. Licorice.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous
herbaceous plants, one species of which (G. glabra),
is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet
mucilaginous taste.
2. (Med.) The root of Glycyrrhiza
glabra (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc.
Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin;
as, glycyrrhizimic acid.
Gly*cyr"rhi*zin (?), n. [Cf. F.
glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.]
(Chem.) A glucoside found in licorice root
(Glycyrrhiza), in monesia bark
(Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and
extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet
taste.
{ Glyn, Glynne } (?),
n. A glen. See Glen.
[Obs. singly, but occurring often in locative
names in Ireland, as Glen does in
Scotland.]
He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up
within those narrow corners and glyns under the
mountain's foot.
Spenser.
Gly*ox"al (?), n.
[Glycol + oxalic +
aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white,
amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2,
obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double
aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.
Gly`ox*al"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid.
[Written also glyoxylic.]
Gly*ox"a*line (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, organic base,
C3H4N2, produced by the action of ammonia on
glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives
hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; --
called also oxaline.
Gly*ox"ime (?), n.
[Glyoxal + oxime.]
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous
substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal,
and belonging to the class of oximes; also, any one of
a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it
is a type. See Oxime.
Glyph (?), n. [Gr. / carving,
fr. / to carve: cf. F. glyphe. Cf. Cleave
to split.] (Arch.) A sunken channel or
groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph.
Glyph"ic (?), a. [Gr. / of or
for carving.] (Fine Arts) Of or pertaining
to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.
Glyph"o*graph (?), n. A plate
made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a
plate.
Glyph`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to glyphography.
Gly*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ to engrave + -graphy.] A process
similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a
raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print
from.
Glyp"tic (?), a. [See
Glyph.]
1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.
2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with
figures.
Glyp"tics (?), n. [Cf. F.
glyptique. See Glyph.] The art of
engraving on precious stones.
Glyp"to*don (?), n. [Gr. /
carved, engraved + /, /, tooth. See Glyph.]
(Paleon.) An extinct South American quaternary
mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was
covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth.
Owen.
<-- p. 634 -->
Glyp"to*dont (?), n.
(Paleon.) One of a family
(glyptodontid\'91) of extinct South American
edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species
are known.
Glyp`to*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf.
F. glyptographique.] Relating to
glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones.
[R.]
Glyp*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ carved + -graphy: cf. F.
glyptographie.] The art or process of
engraving on precious stones. [R.]
\'d8Glyp`to*the"ca (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / carved + / case, box.] A
building or room devoted to works of sculpture.
Glys"ter (?), n. (Med.)
Same as Clyster.
Gmel"in*ite (?), n. [Named
after the German chemist Gmelin.]
(Min.) A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related
in form and composition to chabazite.
\'d8Gna*pha"li*um (?), n. [Nl.,
from Gr. / wool of the teasel.] (Bot.) A
genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and
persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.
Gnar (?), n. [OE.
knarre, gnarre, akin to OD.
knor, G. knorren. Cf. Knar,
Knur, Gnarl.] A knot or gnarl in
wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; -- written also
gnarr. [Archaic]
He was . . . a thick gnarre.
Chaucer.
Gnar (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gnarred
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gnarring.] [See Gnarl.]
To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also
gnarr. [Archaic]
At them he gan to rear his bristles strong,
And felly gnarre.
Spenser.
A thousand wants
Gnarr at the heels of men.
Tennison.
Gnarl (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gnarled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gnarling.] [From older gnar,
prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren,
knurren. D. knorren, Sw. knorra,
Dan. knurre.] To growl; to snarl.
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee
first.
Shak.
Gnarl, n. [See Gnar,
n.] a knot in wood; a large or hard knot,
or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.
Gnarled (?), a. Knotty; full of
knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
The unwedgeable and gnarl\'82d oak.
Shak.
Gnarl"y (?), a. Full of knots;
knotty; twisted; crossgrained.
Gnash (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gnashed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gnashing.] [OE. gnasten,
gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing,
gn/sta to gnash, Dan.knaske, Sw.
gnissla, D. knarsen, G.
knirschen.] To strike together, as in anger
or pain; as, to gnash the teeth.
Gnash, v. i. To grind or strike the
teeth together.
There they him laid,
Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame.
Milton.
Gnash"ing*ly, adv. With gnashing.
Gnat (?), n. [AS.
gn\'91t.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus
Culex, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The
females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for
penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males.
In America they are generally called mosquitoes. See
Mosquito.
2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits;
esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus
Simulium and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black
fly, etc.
Gnat catcher (Zo\'94l.), one of
several species of small American singing birds, of the genus
Polioptila, allied to the kinglets. -- Gnat
flower, the bee flower. -- Gnat hawk
(Zo\'94l.), the European goatsucker; -- called
also gnat owl. -- Gnat snapper
(Zo\'94l.), a bird that catches gnats. --
Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously punctilious
about trifles. Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24.
Gnath"ic (?), a. [Gr. / the
jaw.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
jaw.
Gnathic index, in a skull, the ratio of the
distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion
(taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the
middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also
alveolar index.
Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are
orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are
prognathous.
Flower.
\'d8Gna*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Gnathidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
the jaw.] (Zo\'94l.) The ramus of the lower
jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; -- commonly used in the
plural.
Gnath"ite (?), n. [Gr. / the
jaw.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the mouth
appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles,
maxill\'91, and maxillipeds.
{ Gna*thon"ic (?), Gna*thon"ic*al
(?), } a. [L. Gnatho,
name of a parasite in the \'bdEunuchus\'b8 of Terence, Gr. /;
hence, a parasite in general.] Flattering;
deceitful. [Obs.]
Gnath"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. /
the jaw + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A
gnathopodite or maxilliped. See Maxilliped.
Gna*thop"o*dite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l,) Any leglike appendage of a crustacean,
when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of
the maxillipeds.
Gna*thas"te*gite (?), n. [Gr.
/ the jaw + / a roof.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds
of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.
\'d8Gna*thos"to*ma (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / the jaw + /, /, the mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of
vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast
with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs
(Cyclostoma), which lack them. [Written
also Gnathostomata.]
\'d8Gnath`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl.
Gnathothec\'92 (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ the jaw + / a box.] (Zo\'94l.) The
horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.
Gnat"ling (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small gnat.
Gnat"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called
also, colloquially, wiggler.
Gnaw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gnawed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.]
[OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D.
knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G.
nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan.
gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to
tease.] 1. To bite, as something hard or
tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off
little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or
continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.
His bones clean picked; his very bones they
gnaw.
Dryden.
2. To bite in agony or rage.
They gnawed their tongues for pain.
Rev. xvi. 10.
3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.
Gnaw, v. i. To use the teeth in biting;
to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the
teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable.
I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain
that ties me.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gnaw"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, gnaws.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent.
Gneiss (?), n. [G.]
(Geol.) A crystalline rock, consisting, like
granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these
materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it
breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende
sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called
hornblendic . Similar
varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.
Gneis"sic (?), a. Relating to,
or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.
Gneis"soid (?), a.
[Gneiss+ -old.] Resembling
gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied
to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss,
or mica slate and gneiss.
Gneis"sose` (?), a. Having the
structure of gneiss.
Gnew (?), obs.
imp. of Gnaw.
Chaucer.
Gnide (n, v. t. [AS.
gn.] To rub; to bruise; to break
in pieces. [Obs.]
T. R. Lounsbury.
Gnof (?), n. Churl;
curmudgeon. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gnome (?), n. [F.
gnome, prob. fr. Gr. / one that knows, a guardian,
i. e., of the treasures in the inner parts
of the earth, or fr. / intelligence, both fr. /, /, to
know. See Know.] 1. An imaginary
being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of
the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.
2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or
misshapen features, or of strange appearance.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A small owl
(Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.
4. [Gr. /.] A brief reflection or
maxim.
Peacham.
{ Gnom"ic (?), Gnom"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. /, fr. /: cf.
F. gnomique. See Gnome maxim.]
Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking
detached thoughts; aphoristic.
A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and
gnomic poetry.
G. R. Lewes.
Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and
Solon, of the sixth century B. C., whose writings
consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.
Gnom"ic*al, a. [See
Gnomon.] Gnomonical.
Boyle.
Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv. In a gnomic,
didactic, or sententious manner.
{ Gno`mo*log"ic (?),
Gno`mo*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to, of the nature of, or
resembling, a gnomology.
Gno*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ judgment, maxim + / discourse: cf. F.
gnomologie.] A collection of, or a treatise
on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Gno"mon (?), n. [L.
gnomon, Gr. / one that knows, the index of a
sundial. See Gnome.]
1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by
its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel
to the earth's axis.
2. (Astron.) A style or column erected
perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal
observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the
sun by measuring the length of its shadow.
3. (Geom.) The space included between
the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within
the other, with an angle in common; as, the gnomon
bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and
af. The parallelogram bf is the complement
of the parallelogram df.
4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.
{ Gno*mon"ic (?), Gno*mon"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
gnomonicus, Gr. /: cf. F. gnomonique. See
Gnomon.] Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or
the art of dialing.
Gnomonic projection, a projection of the
circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at
the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to
the surface of the sphere. \'bdThe gnomonic projection
derives its name from the connection between the methods of
describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or
dial.\'b8 Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.
Gno*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
According to the principles of the gnomonic
projection.
Gno*mon"ics (?), n. [See
Gnomonic.] The art or science of dialing, or
of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow
of a gnomon.
Gno"mon*ist (?), n. One skilled
in gnomonics.
Boyle.
Gno`mon*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Gnomon + -logy. Cf.
Gnomonology.] A treatise on gnomonics.
Gnos"co*pine (?), n. [Gr.
gignw`skein to know + E. opium?]
(Chem.) An alkaloid existing in small quantities
in opium.
\'d8Gno"sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.) The
deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed
by the Gnostics.
Gnos"tic (?), a. 1.
Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]
I said you were a gnostic fellow.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to
Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the Gnostic
heresy.
Gnos"tic, n. [L. gnosticus,
Gr. / good at knowing, sagacious; as a n., man that claims to
have a deeper wisdom, fr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F.
gnostique. See Know.] (Eccl.
Hist.) One of the so-called philosophers in the first
ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical
interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined
Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible,
intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by
successive emanations, which they called Eons.
Gnos"ti*cism (?), n. The system
of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.
Gnow (?), obs. imp.
of Gnaw. Gnawed.
Chaucer.
Gnu (?), n. [Hottentot
gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of two species of large South
African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a
mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes.
[Written also gnoo.]
common gnu or wildebeest
(Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled
gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is
larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and
shoulders.
Go (?), obs. p. p.
of Go. Gone.
Chaucer.
Go, v. i. [imp.
Went (?); p. p. Gone
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Going.
Went comes from the AS, wendan. See
Wend, v. i.] [OE.
gan, gon, AS. g\'ben, akin to D.
gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG.
g/n, g\'ben, SW. g, Dan.
gaae; cf. Gr. / to reach, overtake, Skr.
h\'be to go, AS. gangan, and E.
gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from
the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja
went. a. Cf. Gang, v. i.,
Wend.]
1. To pass from one place to another; to be in
motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to
advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of
the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever
means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively
applied.
2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk;
also, to walk step by step, or leisurely.
go is much used as opposed
to run, or ride. \'bdWhereso I
go or ride.\'b8
Chaucer.
You know that love
Will creep in service where it can not go.
Shak.
Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that
going will scarce serve the turn.
Shak.
He fell from running to going, and from
going to clambering upon his hands and his knees.
Bunyan.
go is used frequently with the
pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he
goeth him home.
3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to
circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be
taken, accepted, or regarded.
The man went among men for an old man in the days
of Saul.
1 Sa. xvii. 12.
[The money] should go according to its true
value.
Locke.
4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare;
to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue
or result; to succeed; to turn out.
How goes the night, boy ?
Shak.
I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of
man enough.
Arbuthnot.
Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you
must pay me the reward.
I Watts.
5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence,
or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail;
to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as,
this goes to show.
Against right reason all your counsels go.
Dryden.
To master the foul flend there goeth some
complement knowledge of theology.
Sir W. Scott.
6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to
undertake.
Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator,
he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel
falsehood.
Sir P. Sidney.
Go, in this sense, is often used in the
present participle with the auxiliary verb to be,
before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to
denote design; as, I was going to say; I am
going to begin harvest.
<-- p. 635 -->
7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in
mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with
over or through.
By going over all these particulars, you may
receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject.
South.
8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to
gestate.
The fruit she goes with,
I pray for heartily, that it may find
Good time, and live.
Shak.
9. To move from the person speaking, or from the
point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave;
to depart; -- in opposition to stay and
come.
I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the
Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not go very far
away.
Ex. viii. 28.
10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or
ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die.
By Saint George, he's gone!
That spear wound hath our master sped.
Sir W. Scott.
11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line
goes across the street; his land goes to the
river; this road goes to New York.
His amorous expressions go no further than virtue
may allow.
Dryden.
12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to
go to law.
Go is used, in combination with many
prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated
by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies
the principal force of the expression; as, to go
against to go into, to go out, to
go aside, to go astray, etc.
Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of
exclamation, serious or ironical. -- To go
a-begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired.
-- To go about. (a) To set about; to
enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. \'bdThey went
about to slay him.\'b8
Acts ix. 29.
They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their
vices.
Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of
a ship; to wear. -- To go abraod. (a)
To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out
of doors. (c) To become public; to be published
or disclosed; to be current.
Then went this saying abroad among the
brethren.
John xxi. 23.
-- To go against. (a) To march against;
to attack. (b) To be in opposition to; to be
disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a)
To go in advance. (b) To go on; to make
progress; to proceed. -- To go and come. See
To come and go, under Come. -- To
go aside. (a) To withdraw; to retire.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert
place.
Luke. ix. 10.
(b) To go from what is right; to err. Num.
v. 29.-- To go back on. (a) To
retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To
abandon; to turn against; to betray. [Slang, U.
S.] -- To go below (Naut), to
go below deck. -- To go between, to interpose
or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a
bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See
under Beyond. -- To go by, to pass
away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the board
(Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the
mast went by the board. -- To go down.
(a) To descend. (b) To go below
the horizon; as, the sun has gone down.
(c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc.
(d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or
figuratively. [Colloq.]
Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole
with him for truth.
L' Estrange.
-- To go far. (a) To go to a
distance. (b) To have much weight or
influence. -- To go for. (a) To go
in quest of. (b) To represent; to pass
for. (c) To favor; to advocate.
(d) To attack; to assault. [Low]
(e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a
price). -- To go for nothing, to be parted
with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy,
or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go
forth. (a) To depart from a place.
(b) To be divulged or made generally known; to
emanate.
The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the
Lord from Jerusalem.
Micah iv. 2.
-- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or
endanger. -- To go in, to engage in; to take
part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out,
to do the business of life; to live; to have free access.
John x. 9. -- To go in for.
[Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or
advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.). (b) To
seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment,
etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election,
etc.). (d) To make the object of one's labors,
studies, etc.
He was as ready to go in for statistics as for
anything else.
Dickens.
-- To go in to unto.
(a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv.
16.(b) To have sexual intercourse with.
[Script.] -- To go into.
(a) To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a
question, subject, etc.). (b) To participate in
(a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large.
(Naut) See under Large. -- To go
off. (a) To go away; to depart.
The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear
you.
Shak.
(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness
went off. (c) To die.
Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; --
said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc. (e)
To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of.
(f) To pass off; to take place; to be
accomplished.
The wedding went off much as such affairs do.
Mrs. Caskell.
-- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance
further; to continue; as, to go on reading.
(b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat
will not go on. -- To go all fours,
to correspond exactly, point for point.
It is not easy to make a simile go on all
fours.
Macaulay.
-- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a
place. (b) To go abroad; to make an excursion
or expedition.
There are other men fitter to go out than I.
Shak.
What went ye out for to see ?
Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.
(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad,
as news, fame etc. (d) To expire; to die; to
cease; to come to an end; as, the light has gone
out.
Life itself goes out at thy displeasure.
Addison.
-- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross,
as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides.
I must not go over Jordan.
Deut. iv. 22.
Let me go over, and see the good land that is
beyond Jordan.
Deut. iii. 25.
Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the
Ammonites.
Jer. xli. 10.
(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as,
to go over one's accounts.
If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall
find that . . . they enjoin the same thing.
Tillotson.
(c) To transcend; to surpass. (d)
To be postponed; as, the bill went over for the
session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted
(into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur
goes over into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose
goes over into dextrose and levulose. -- To
go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go
through a work. (b) To suffer; to endure
to the end; as, to go through a surgical operation or
a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to
exhaust, as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil
(one) of his property. [Slang] (e)
To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] --
To go through with, to perform, as a calculation,
to the end; to complete. -- To go to ground.
(a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted
fox. (b) To fall in battle. -- To go
to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or
unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To
set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be known or
recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be
overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb.
-- To go up, to come to nothing; to prove
abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go
upon, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis.
-- To go with. (a) To accompany.
(b) To coincide or agree with. (c)
To suit; to harmonize with. -- To go
(well, ill, hard)
with, to affect (one) in such manner. --
To go without, to be, or to remain, destitute
of. -- To go wrong. (a) To take a
wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b)
To depart from virtue. (c) To happen
unfortunately. (d) To miss success. --
To let go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold;
to release.
Go (?), v. t. 1. To
take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become
responsible for; to bear a part in.
They to go equal shares in the booty.
L'Estrange.
2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a
shilling. [Colloq.]
To go halves, to share with another
equally. -- >To go it, to behave in a wild
manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make
progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it
alone (Card Playing), to play a hand
without the assistance of one's partner.<-- to do anything
without the assistance of one's former associates --> --
To go it blind. (a) To act in a rash,
reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang]
(b) (Card Playing) To bet without having
examined the cards.<-- = to bet in the blind --> -- To
go one's way, to set forth; to depart.
Go, n. 1. Act; working;
operation. [Obs.]
So gracious were the goes of marriage.
Marston.
2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident.
[Slang]
This is a pretty go.
Dickens.
3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the
go. [Colloq.]
4. Noisy merriment; as, a high
go. [Colloq.]
5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]
6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality;
perseverance; push; as, there is no go in
him. [Colloq.]
7. (Cribbage) That condition in the
course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which
will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one.
Great go, Little go,
the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree.
[Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a
failure; a fiasco. [Slang] Thackeray.
-- On the go, moving about; unsettled.
[Colloq.]
Go"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda),
inhabiting Thibet.
Goad (?), n. [AS.
g\'bed; perh. akin to AS. g\'ber a dart,
and E. gore. See Gore, v.
t.] A pointed instrument used to urge on a
beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.
The daily goad urging him to the daily toil.
Macaulay.
Goad, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Goading.] To prick; to drive with a
goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent,
severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.
That temptation that doth goad us on.
Shak.
Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate;
incite; instigate.
Goaf (?); n.; pl.
Goafs (#) or Goaves
(#). [Cf. lst Gob.]
(Mining) That part of a mine from which the
mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in
old workings; -- called also gob .
To work the goaf gob,
to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to
support the roof, and replace them with props.
Ure.
Goal (?), n. [F.
gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German
origin; cf. Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth.
walus, Icel. v\'94lr a round stick; prob.
akin to E. wale.]
1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around
which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to
it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.
Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal
With rapid wheels.
Milton.
2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a
design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain.
Each individual seeks a several goal.
Pope.
3. A base, station, or bound used in various games;
in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must
pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over
the line between the goal posts.
Goal keeper, the player charged with the
defense of the goal.
Go"a pow"der (?). [So called from
Goa, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from
Portugal.] A bitter powder (also called
araroba) found in the interspaces of the wood
of a Brazilian tree (Andira araroba) and used as a
medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is
obtained.
Goar (?), n. Same as lst
Gore.
Goar"ish, a. Patched; mean.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Goat (?), n. [OE
goot, got, gat, AS.
g\'bet; akin to D. geit, OHG.
geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw.
get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L.
haedus a young goat, kid.] (Zo\'94l.)
A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of
several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C.
hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and
skin.
Capra \'91gagrus), of Asia Minor,
noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to
be one of the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky
Montain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is more nearly
related to the antelopes. See Mazame.
Goat antelope (Zo\'94l), one of
several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a
goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a
short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara.
-- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig.
-- Goat house. (a) A place for keeping
goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.]
-- Goat moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of
the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species
(C. ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak and
willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an
odor like that of the he-goat. -- Goat weed
(Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus
Capraria (C. biflora). -- Goat's
bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant
(Aconitum Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers,
introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane. --
Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant of the
genus Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky
beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster
plant. -- Goat's foot (Bot.), a
kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the
Cape of Good Hope. -- Goat's rue
(Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega
officinalis of Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana
in the United States). -- Goat's thorn
(Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus
Tragacanthus), found in the Levant. -- Goat's
wheat (Bot.), the genus
Tragopyrum (now referred to
Atraphaxis).
Goat`ee" (?), n. A part of a
man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow,
and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.
Goat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus
Upeneus, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied
to the surmullet.
Goat"herd` (?), n. One who
tends goats.
Spenser.
Goat"ish, a. Characteristic of a goat;
goatlike.
Give your chaste body up to the embraces
Of goatish lust.
Massinger.
-- Goat"ish*ly, adv. --
Goat"ish*ness, n.
Goat"like` (?), a. Like a goat;
goatish.
Goat"skin` (?), n. The skin of
a goat, or leather made from it. -- a.
Made of the skin of a goat.
Goat"suck`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of
insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and
allied genera, esp. the European species (Caprimulgus
Europ\'91us); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it
sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker,
goat owl, goat chaffer, fern
owl, night hawk, nightjar, night
churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk, and
dorhawk .
Goaves (?), n. pl. [See
Goaf, n.] (Mining) Old
workings. See Goaf.
Raymond.
Gob (?), n. [Cf.
Goaf.] (Mining) Same as
Goaf.
Gob, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf.
F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel, poison
ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to
swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir.
gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and
neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.]
1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a
mouthful. [Low]
L'Estrange.
2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low]
Wright.
Gob"bet (?), n. [OE. & F.
gobet. See 2d Gob.] A mouthful; a
lump; a small piece.
Spenser.
[He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets.
Wyclif.
Gob"bet, v. t. To swallow greedily; to
swallow in gobbets. [Low]
L'Estrange.
Gob"bet*ly, adv. In pieces.
[Obs.]
Huloet.
Gob"bing (?), n. [See lst
Gob.] (Mining) (a) The
refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the
coal. It is called also gob stuff.
Brande & C.
(b) The process of packing with waste rock;
stowing.
Gob"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gobbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling
(?).] [Freq. of 2d
gob.]
1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to
gulp.
Supper gobbled up in haste.
Swift.
2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.
He . . . gobbles out a note of
self-approbation.
Goldsmith.
To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in
masses; to capture suddenly. [Slang]
Gob"ble, v. i. 1. To eat
greedily.
2. To make a noise like that of a turkey
cock.
Prior.
Gob"ble, n. A noise made in the
throat.
Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant
gobble.
Mrs. Gore.
Gob"bler (?), n. A turkey cock;
a bubbling Jock.
Gob"e*lin (?), a. Pertaining to
tapestry produced in the so-called Gobelin works,
which have been maintained by the French Government since
1667.
\'d8Gobe`mouche" (?), n.
[F.] Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who
keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.
Gob"et (?), n. See
Gobbet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Go"-be*tween` (?), n. An
intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a
disparaging sense.
Shak.
Go"bi*oid (?), a. [NL.
Gobius + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like,
or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus Gobius.
-- n. A gobioid fish.
Gob"let (?), n. [F.
gobelet, LL. gobeletus,
gobellus; cf. L. cupa tub, cask. See
Cupel.] A kind of cup or drinking vessel
having a foot or standard, but without a handle.
We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned.
Denham.
Gob"lin (?), n. [OE.
gobelin, F. gobelin, LL.
gobelinus, fr. Gr. / knave, a mischievous goblin; or
cf. G. kobold, E. kobold,
cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus,
goblin.] An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or
malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.
To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied.
Milton.
<-- p. 636 -->
Gob"line` (?), n. (Naut.)
One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin
striker or the bowsprit; -- called also
gobrope and gaubline.
Gob"lin*ize (?), v. t. To
transform into a goblin. [R.]
Lowell.
Go"by (?), n.; pl.
Gobies (#). [F. gobie,
L. gobius, gobio, Gr. / Cf.
Gudgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several species of small marine fishes of the genus
Gobius and allied genera.
Go"-by` (?), n. A passing
without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting
off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the
go-by.
Some songs to which we have given the go-by.
Prof. Wilson.
Go"cart` (?), n. A framework
moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to
walk.
God (?), a. & n. Good.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
God (?), n. [AS.
god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG.
got, G. gott, Icel. gu/,
go/, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth.
gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr.
h/, p. p. h/ta, to call upon, invoke,
implore. / Cf. Goodbye, Gospel,
Gossip.] 1. A being conceived of as
possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by
sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of
worship; an idol.
He maketh a god, and worshipeth it.
Is. xliv. 15.
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down
To bestial gods.
Milton.
2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite
Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe;
Jehovah.
God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must
worship him in spirit and in truth.
John iv. 24.
3. A person or thing deified and honored as the
chief good; an object of supreme regard.
Whose god is their belly.
Phil. iii. 19.
4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or
despotic power. [R.]
Shak.
Act of God. (Law) See under
Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants
of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater.
[Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's
field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under
Acre. -- God's house. (a)
An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A
church. -- God's penny, earnest penny.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's
Sunday, Easter.
God, v. t. To treat as a god; to
idolize. [Obs.]
Shak.
God"child` (?), n. One for whom
a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see
educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See
Godfather.
God"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS.
goddohtor.] A female for whom one becomes
sponsor at baptism.
God"dess (?), n. 1. A
female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.
When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd
of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful
stature and superior beauty.
Addison.
2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.
Gode (?), a. & n. Good.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gode"lich (?), a. Goodly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
God"fa`ther (?), n. [AS.
godf\'91der. Cf. Gossip.] A man
who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a
surety for its Christian training and instruction.
There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they
can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for
every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and
Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired.
Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).
God"fa`ther, v. t. To act as godfather
to; to take under one's fostering care. [R.]
Burke.
God"-fear`ing (?), a. Having a
reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.
A brave good-fearing man.
Tennyson.
God"head (?), n. [OE.
godhed. See -head, and cf.
Godhood.] 1. Godship; deity;
divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.
2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.
The imperial throne
Of Godhead, fixed for ever.
Milton.
3. A god or goddess; a divinity.
[Obs.]
Adoring first the genius of the place,
The nymphs and native godheads yet unknown.
Dryden.
God"hood (?), n.
[God + -hood. Cf.
Godhead.] Divine nature or essence; deity;
godhead.
God"ild (?). A corruption of God
yield, i. e., God reward or bless.
Shak.
God"less, a. Having, or acknowledging,
no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked. --
God"less*ly, adv. --
God"less*ness, n.
God"like` (?), a.
[God + like. Cf.
Godly.] Resembling or befitting a god or God;
divine; hence, preeminently good; as, godlike
virtue. -- God"like`ness,
n.
God"li*ly (?), adv.
Righteously.
H. Wharton.
God"li*ness, n. [From
Godly.] Careful observance of, or conformity
to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly;
piety.
Godliness is profitable unto all things.
1 Tim. iv. 8.
God"ling (?), n. A diminutive
god.
Dryden.
God"ly, a. [God,
n. + -ly. Cf. Godlike,
Like.] Pious; reverencing God, and his
character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love
for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law;
devout; righteous; as, a godly life.
For godly sorrow worketh repentance.
2 Cor. vii. 10.
God"ly (?), adv. Piously;
devoutly; righteously.
All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall
suffer persecution.
2. Tim. iii. 12.
God"ly*head (?), n. [Cf.
Goodlyhead.] Goodness.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
God"moth`er (?), n. [AS.
godm/dor.] A woman who becomes sponsor
for a child in baptism. See Godfather
Go*down" (?), n. [Corruption of
Malay g\'bedong warehouse.] A
warehouse. [East Indies]
Go*droon" (?), n. [F.
godron a round plait, godroon.]
(Arch.) An ornament produced by notching or
carving a rounded molding.
God"send` (?), n. Something
sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good
fortune.
God"ship, n. [God, n. +
-ship.] The rank or character of a god;
deity; divinity; a god or goddess.
O'er hills and dales their godships came.
Prior.
God"sib (?), n. A gossip.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
God"son` (?), n. [AS.
godsunu.] A male for whom one has stood
sponsor in baptism. See Godfather.
God"speed` (?), n. Success;
prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase,
\'bdGod speed you.\'b8 [Written also as
two separate words.]
Receive him not into house, neither bid him God
speed.
2 John 10.
God"ward (?), adv. Toward
God.
2 Cor. iii. 4.
God"wit (?), n. [Prob. from AS.
g/d good + wiht creature, wight.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of long-billed,
wading birds of the genus Limosa, and family
Tringid\'91. The European black-tailed godwit
(Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L.
fedoa), the Hudsonian godwit (L. h\'91mastica),
and others, are valued as game birds. Called also
godwin.
Go"el (g, a. [Cf.
Yellow. Yellow.
[Obs.]
Tusser.
\'d8Go`\'89`land" (?), n. [F.
go\'89land.] (Zo\'94l.) A white
tropical tern (Cygis candida).
\'d8Go`\'89`min" (?), n. [F.
go\'89mon seaweed.] A complex mixture of
several substances extracted from Irish moss.
Go"en (?), p. p. of Go.
[Obs.]
Go"er (?), n. [From Go.]
One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as:
(a) A foot. [Obs.]
Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in
reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe
goer.
This antechamber has been filled with comers and
goers.
Macaulay.
Go"e*ty (?), n. [Gr. /
witchcraft, from / to bewitch, / sorcerer: cf. F.
go\'82tie.] Invocation of evil spirits;
witchcraft. [Obs.]
Hallywell.
Goff (?), n. [Cf. F.
goffe ill-made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp.
gofo, Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. /
stupid.] A silly clown. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Goff, n. A game. See
Golf. [Scot.]
Halliwell.
Gof"fer (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Goffered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Goffering.] [See
Gauffer.] To plait, flute, or crimp. See
Gauffer.
Clarke.
Gog (?), n. [Cf.
agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W.
gogi to agitate, shake.] Haste; ardent
desire to go. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Gog"gle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Goggled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling
(?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a
nod, slight motion.] To roll the eyes; to stare.
And wink and goggle like an owl.
Hudibras.
Gog"gle, a. Full and rolling, or
staring; -- said of the eyes.
The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes.
Sir W. Scott.
Gog"gle, n. [See Goggle,
v. i.]
1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.
2. pl. (a) A kind of
spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of
which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold,
dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief
from intense light. (c) A disk with a small
aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting.
(d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or
without a slit for seeing through.
Gog"gled (?), a. Prominent;
staring, as the eye.
Gog"gle-eye` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more
species of American fresh-water fishes of the family
Centrarchid\'91, esp. Ch\'91nobryttus
antistius, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and
Ambloplites rupestris, of the Great Lakes and
Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes.
(b) The goggler.
Gog"gle-eyed` (?), a. Having
prominent and distorted or rolling eyes.
Ascham.
Gog"gler (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A carangoid oceanic fish
(Trachurops crumenophthalmus), having very large and
prominent eyes; -- called also goggle-eye,
big-eyed scad, and
cicharra.
Gog"let (?), n. [Pg.
gorgoleta.] See Gurglet.
Go"ing (?), n. 1. The
act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the
going is bad.
2. Departure.
Milton.
3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing.
Crew.
4. pl. Course of life; behavior;
doings; ways.
His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his
goings.
Job xxxiv. 21.
Going barrel. (Horology) (a)
A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its
periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for
maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is
being wound up. -- Going forth.
(Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit.
\'bdEvery going forth of the sanctuary.\'b8 Ezek.
xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. \'bdThe
going forth thereof shall be from the south to
Kadesh-barnea.\'b8 Num. xxxiv. 4. --
Going out, Goings out.
(Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or
limit. \'bdThe border shall go down to Jordan, and the
goings out of it shall be at the salt sea.\'b8 Num.
xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or journeying. \'bdAnd
Moses wrote their goings out according to their
journeys.\'b8 Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings
on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad
sense.
{ Goi"ter Goi"tre } (?),
n. [F. go\'8ctre, L. guttur
throat, cf. tumidum guttur goiter,
gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.]
(Med.) An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on
the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently
associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous
regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.
{ Goi"tered, Goi"tred }
(?), a. Affected with goiter.
Goi"trous (?), a. [F.
go\'8ctreux, L. gutturosus. See
Goiter.] Pertaining to the goiter; affected
with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele.
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants
in general are either goitrous or idiots.
W. Coxe.
{ Gold (?), Golde,
Goolde (?), } n.
(Bot.) An old English name of some yellow flower,
-- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior,
but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.
Gold (?), n. [AS.
gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G.
gold, Icel. gull, Sw. & Dan.
guld, Goth. gulp, Russ. & OSlav.
zlato; prob. akin to E. yellow. /. See
Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]
1. (Chem.) A metallic element,
constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial
medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one
of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is
soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by
heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well
suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au
(Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7.
petzite, calaverite,
sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary
use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the
latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See
Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment
purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used
as a toning agent in photography.
2. Money; riches; wealth.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce.
Shak.
3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as,
a flower tipped with gold.
4. Figuratively, something precious or pure;
as, hearts of gold.
Shak.
Age of gold. See Golden age,
under Golden. -- Dutch gold,
Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See
under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold
amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California,
composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold beater,
one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. --
Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane
of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves
of metal during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold
beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small gold-colored
beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91; -- called also
golden beetle. -- Gold
blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book
cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. --
Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under
Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the
coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle.
(Mining) See Cradle, n.,
7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or region,
where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it
is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a
fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end
man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry.
(b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c)
An itinerant jeweler. \'bdI know him not: he looks like a
gold-end man.\'b8 B. Jonson. --
Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting.
-- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of
gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who
finds gold. (b) One who empties privies.
[Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold
flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent
yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum
St\'d2chas of Southern Europe. There are many South African
species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin
sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold
leaf. -- Gold knobs (Bot.), buttercups. --
Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold
thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold
or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten
into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is
much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode
(Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold
mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining
operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted
by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). --
Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold
mining or digging; -- called also a
pepito. -- Gold paint. See
Gold shell. -- Gold , pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) See
under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a
general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of
gold.<-- now usu. referring to objects made of a base metal
with a layer of gold on the surface. --> -- Gold of
pleasure. [Name perhaps translated from Sp.
oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C.
sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its
seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A
composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum
water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also
gold paint. (b)
(Zo\'94l.) A bivalve shell (Anomia
glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also
jingle shell and silver
shell. See Anomia. -- Gold
size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. --
Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing
twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. --
Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English
lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so
called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when
he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment.
[Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A
thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk,
with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure.
(b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant
(Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow
roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States.
-- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with
gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of
gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental
impression so made. -- Gold washings, places
where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by
washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm.
[Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy
containing three parts of gold to one of copper.<-- 18K gold
--> -- Mosaic gold. See under
Mosaic.
<-- p. 637 -->
Gold"-beat`en (?), a.
Gilded. [Obs.]
Gold"-beat`ing (?), n. The art
or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating
with a hammer.
Ure.
Gold"-bound` (?), a.
Encompassed with gold.
Gold"crest` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European golden-crested kinglet
(Regulus cristatus, or R. regulus); --
called also golden-crested wren, and
golden wren. The name is also sometimes
applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See
Kinglet.
Gold"cup` (?), n. (Bot.)
The cuckoobud.
Gold"en (?), a. [OE.
golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS.
gylden, from gold. See Gold, and
cf. Guilder.]
1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.
2. Having the color of gold; as, the
golden grain.
3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent;
eminently auspicious; as, golden
opinions.
Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of
primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments,
followed by the silver, bronze, and iron
ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman
Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A.
D. 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when
Cicero, C\'91sar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c)
That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it
flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory;
as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the golden
age of English literature. -- Golden balls,
three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or
shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the
first money lenders in London having been Lombards. --
Golden bull. See under Bull, an
edict. -- Golden chain (Bot.), the
shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named from its long
clusters of yellow blossoms. -- Golden club
(Bot.), an aquatic plant (Orontium
aquaticum), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow
flowers. -- Golden cup (Bot.), the
buttercup. -- Golden eagle (Zo\'94l.),
a large and powerful eagle (Aquila Chrysa\'89tos)
inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from
the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A
dark variety is called the royal eagle; the young in
the second year is the ring-tailed eagle. --
Golden fleece. (a) (Mythol.)
The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram
that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of
which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition.
(b) (Her.) An order of knighthood
instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; --
called also Toison d'Or. -- Golden
grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] --
Golden hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby
composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma
Coma-aurea. -- Golden Horde
(Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran
and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century. --
Golden Legend, a hagiology (the \'bdAurea
Legenda\'b8) written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of
Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in
1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus
entitled. -- Golden marcasite tin.
[Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of
wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess;
moderation.
Angels guard him in the golden mean.
Pope.
-- Golden mole (Zo\'94l), one of
several South African Insectivora of the family
Chrysochlorid\'91, resembling moles in form and
habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold. --
Golden number (Chronol.), a number
showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned
from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written
in the calendar in gold. -- Golden oriole.
(Zo\'94l.) See Oriole. --
Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant.
-- Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a bright
yellow color. -- Golden plover
(Zo\'94l.), one of several species of plovers, of
the genus Charadrius, esp. the European (C.
apricarius, or pluvialis; -- called also
yellow, black-breasted hill, . The common American species (C.
dominicus) is also called frostbird, and
bullhead. -- Golden robin.
(Zo\'94l.) See Baltimore oriole, in
Vocab. -- Golden rose (R. C. Ch.),
a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth
Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition
of special services rendered to the Holy See. -- Golden
rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have
others do to us. Cf. Luke vi. 31. (b)
The rule of proportion, or rule of three. -- Golden
samphire (Bot.), a composite plant
(Inula crithmoides), found on the seashore of
Europe. -- Golden saxifrage (Bot.),
a low herb with yellow flowers (Chrysosplenium
oppositifolium), blossoming in wet places in early
spring. -- Golden seal (Bot.), a
perennial ranunculaceous herb (Hydrastis Canadensis),
with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves. --
Golden sulphide, sulphuret, of antimony
(Chem.), the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden
or orange yellow powder. -- Golden warbler
(Zo\'94l.), a common American wood warbler
(Dendroica \'91stiva); -- called also
blue-eyed yellow warbler, garden
warbler, and summer yellow
bird. -- Golden wasp
(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored hymenopterous insect,
of the family Chrysidid\'91. The colors are golden,
blue, and green. -- Golden wedding. See under
Wedding.
Gold"en-eye` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A duck (Glaucionetta
clangula), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The
American variety (var. Americana) is larger. Called
whistler, garrot,
gowdy, pied widgeon,
whiteside, curre, and
doucker. Barrow's golden-eye of America
(G. Islandica) is less common.
God"en *ly, adv. In golden terms or a
golden manner; splendidly; delightfully.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Gold"en-rod` (?), n.
(Bot.) A tall herb (Solidago
Virga-aurea), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful
elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the
genus Solidago.
Golden-rod tree (Bot.), a shrub
(Bosea Yervamora), a native of the Canary
Isles.
Gold"finch` (?), n. [AS.
goldfinc. See Gold, and
Finch.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
beautiful bright-colored European finch (Carduelis
elegans). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on
the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the
nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also
goldspink, goldie,
fool's coat, drawbird,
draw-water, thistle finch,
and sweet William. (b) The
yellow-hammer. (c) A small American finch
(Spinus tristis); the thistle bird.
Spinus.
Gold"fin`ny (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of two or more species of European
labroid fishes (Crenilabrus melops, and
Ctenolabrus rupestris); -- called also
goldsinny, and
goldney.
Gold"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small domesticated
cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); -- so named from
its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been
introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament,
in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called
also golden fish, and golden
carp. See Telescope fish, under
Telescope. (b) A California marine
fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.
Gold"-ham`mer (?), n. The
yellow-hammer.
Gold"ie (?), n. [From
Gold.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
European goldfinch. (b) The
yellow-hammer.
Gold"i*locks` (?), n. Same as
Goldylocks.
{ Gold"in (?), Gold"ing
(?), } n. (Bot.) [From
the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous
yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (Chrysanthemum
segetum). [This word is variously corrupted
into gouland, gools, gowan,
etc.]
Gold"less (?), a. Destitute of
gold.
Gold"ney (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Gilthead.
Gold"seed` (?), n. (Bot.)
Dog's-tail grass.
Gold"sin`ny (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Goldfinny.
Gold"smith` (?), n. [AS.
goldsmi/. See Gold., and Smith.]
1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and
ornaments, etc., of gold.
2. A banker. [Obs.]
Goldsmith beetle (Zo\'94l.), a
large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa
lanigera), of the family
Scarab\'91id\'91
Gold"tit` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Verdin.
Gold"y*locks` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus
Chrysocoma; -- so called from the tufts of yellow
flowers which terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus
auricomus, a kind of buttercup.
Go"let (?), n. The
gullet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Go"let, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
California trout. See Malma.
Golf (?), n. [D.
kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an
inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben
club, but end, Icel. k/lfr tongue of a bell. bolt,
Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan. kolv
bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.] A
game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the
lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small
holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the
fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.]
Strutt.
Golf"er (?), n. One who plays
golf. [Scot.]
Gol"go*tha (?), n. Calvary. See
the Note under Calvary.
Gol"iard (?), n. [From OF.
goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard,
LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat.
Cf. Gules.] A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who
attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald
stories and songs.
Gol"iard*er*y (?), n. The
satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.
Milman.
Go*li"ath bee"tle (?). [From
Goliath, the Philistine giant.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Goliathus, a
genus of very large and handsome African beetles.
Goll (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw.
[Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.
Go*loe"-shoe` (?), n. A
galoche.
Go*lore" (?), n. See
Galore.
Go*loshe" (?), n. See
Galoche.
Golt"schut (?), n. 1.
A small ingot of gold.
2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.
Gol"yard*eys (?), n. A buffoon.
See Gollard. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Go"man (?), n. [Prob. fr.
good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man,
OHG. gomman man, husband.] A husband; a
master of a family. [Obs.]
{ Go"mar*ist (?), Go"mar*ite
(?), } n. (Eccl.-Hist.)
One of the followers of Francis Gomar or
Gomarus, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th
century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.
Gom"bo (?), n. See
Gumbo.
Gome (?), n. [AS.
guma; akin to Goth. guma, L.
homo. See Bridegroom.] A
man. [Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Gome, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr
ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a cart or
wagon wheel; -- called also gorm. See
Gorm. [Prov. Eng.]
Go"mer (?), n. A Hebrew
measure. See Homer.
Go"mer, n. (Gun.) A conical
chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially
in mortars; -- named after the inventor.
Gom"me*lin (?), n. [F.
gommeline, from gomme gum.]
(Chem.) See Dextrin.
\'d8Gom*phi"a*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / toothache or gnashing of teeth, fr. / a grinder
tooth, from / a bolt.] (Med.) A disease
of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their
sockets.
\'d8Gom*pho"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, prop., a bolting together, fr. / to fasten with
bolts or nails, / bolt, nail: cf. F.
gomphose.] (Anat.) A form of
union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received
into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.
Go*mu"ti (?), n. [Malayan
gumuti.] A black, fibrous substance
resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds
of palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga
saccharifera, of the Indian islands. It is used for making
cordage. Called also ejoo.
Gon (?), imp. & p. p. of
Go. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gon"ad (?), n.; pl.
Gonads (#). [Gr. / that which
generates.] (Anat.) One of the masses of
generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving
rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ
gland.
Wiedersheim.
Go"na*kie (?), n. (Bot.)
An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii).
\'d8Go`nan*gi"um (?), n.; pl.
L. Gonangia (#), E. Gonangiums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / offspring + /
vessel.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Gonotheca.
Gon"do*la (?), n. [It., dim. of
gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a kind of
boat, Gr. / a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf.
F. gondole gondola, cup.]
1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern,
used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by
one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A
gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for
their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of
Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they
are customarily so painted now.
2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight.
[U. S.]
3. A long platform car, either having no sides or
with very low sides, used on railroads. [U.
S.]
Gon"do*let (?), n. [It.
gondoletta, dim. of gondola.] A
small gondola.
T. Moore.
Gon`do*lier" (?), n. [It.
gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.] A
man who rows a gondola.
Gone (?), p. p. of
Go.
Gone"ness, n. A state of exhaustion;
faintness, especially as resulting from hunger.
[Colloq. U. S.]
{ Gon"fa*lon (?), Gon"fa*non
(?), } n. [OE.
gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F.
gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon,
name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war
flag; gund war (used in comp., and akin to AS.
g\'d4\'eb) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E.
vane; cf. AS. g\'d4\'ebfana. See
Vane, and cf. Confalon.] 1.
The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states,
such as the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent
times by the pope.
2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs
from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast
itself.
Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear,
Stream in the air.
Milton.
<-- p. 638 -->
Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?), n. [F.
gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.]
He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as:
(a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of
the Church. (b) The chief magistrate of any
one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy.
(c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper.
Gong (?), n. [AS.
gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See
Gang.] A privy or jakes.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gong farmer, Gong man,
a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]
Gong, n. 1. [Malayan (Jav.)
g.] An instrument, first used in
the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk
with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and
resounding noise.
O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong.
Longfellow.
2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung
by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by
various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound
calls or alarms; -- called also gong
bell.
Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22
of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.
Go"ni*a*tite (?), n. [Gr. /
angle.] (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus
of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest
forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the
Triassic.
Go*nid"i*al (?), a.
(Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing,
gonidia.
Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of
or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a
gonidial groove of an actinian.
\'d8Go*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, dim. of / angle.] (Zool.) A
special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of
many Anthozoa.
\'d8Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl.
Gonidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
that which generates.] (Bot.) A component
cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.
\'d8Go*nim"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / productive, fr. / that which
generates.] (Bot.) Bluish green granules
which occur in certain lichens, as Collema,
Peltigera, etc., and which replace the more usual
gonidia.
Gon"i*mous (?), a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that
part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing
cells.
Go`ni*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
angle + -meter: cf. F.
goniom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring
angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of
planes.
Contact, ,
goniometer, a goniometer having two movable
arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab) the
faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed
point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle
upon which the angle is read off. -- Reflecting
goniometer, an instrument for measuring the angles of
crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal
must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces
successively shall have the same direction; -- called also
Wollaston's goniometer, from the
inventor.
Go`ni*o*met"ric (?),
Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (/), a.
Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer;
trigonometric.
Go`ni*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
goniom\'82trie.] (Math.) The art
of measuring angles; trigonometry.
Gon`o*blas"tid (?), n. [See
Gonoblastidium.] (Zo\'94l.) A
reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.
\'d8Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Gonoblastidia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / offspring + / to bud.] (Zo\'94l.)
A blastostyle.
Gon`o*ca"lyx (?), n. [Gr. /
offspring + E. calyx,] (Zo\'94l.)
The bell of a sessile gonozooid.
Gon`o*cho"rism (?), n. [Gr. /
offspring + / to separate.] (a) Separation
of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to
hermaphroditism. (b) In ontogony,
differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos
having the same rudimentary sexual organs. (c)
In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species
previously hermaphrodite or sexless.
\'d8Gon`o*coc"cus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / semen, the genitals + NL. & E.
coccus.] (Med.) A vegetable
micro\'94rganism of the genus Micrococcus, occurring
in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to
constitute the cause of this disease.<-- now Neisseria
gonnorrhoeae -->
Gon"oph (?), n. [Perh. fr. Heb.
gann\'bebh thief.] A pickpocket or
thief. [Eng. Slang]<-- also ganef, gonif,
goniff -->
Dickens.
Gon"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. /
offspring, seed + / to bear.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid
bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa,
sometimes remaining attached. See Hydroidea, and
Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian,
and Gonosome.
2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle,
bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.
{ Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rh\'d2"a }
(?), n. [L. gonorrhoea, Gr.
/; / that which begets, semen, the genitals + / to flow:
cf. F. gonorrh\'82e.] (Med.) A
contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract,
affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by
a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee;
clap.
{ Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rh\'d2"al }
(?), a. (Med.) Of or
pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal
rheumatism.
Gon"o*some (?), n. [Gr. /
offspring + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.)
The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony,
collectively.
\'d8Gon`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl.
Gonothec/ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
offspring + / box.] (Zo\'94l.) A capsule
developed on certain hydroids (Thecaphora), inclosing
the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are
developed; -- called also gonangium, and
teleophore. See Hydroidea, and
Illust. of Campanularian.
Gon`o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. /
offspring + E. zooid.] (Zo\'94l.)
A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore.
See Hydroidea, and Illust. of
Campanularian.
Go*nyd"i*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's
beak.
\'d8Go"nys (?), n. [Cf.
Genys.] (Zo\'94l.) The keel or
lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are
united.
Goo"ber (?), n. A peanut.
[Southern U. S.]
Good (?), a.
[Compar. Better (?);
superl. Best (?). These words,
though used as the comparative and superlative of
good, are from a different root.]
[AS. G, akin to D. goed, OS.
g, OHG. guot, G. gut,
Icel. g, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth.
g; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together,
and akin to E. gather. Gather.]
1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to
answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or
happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable;
commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or
troublesome, etc.
And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was
very good.
Gen. i. 31.
Good company, good wine, good
welcome.
Shak.
2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous;
pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions.
In all things showing thyself a pattern of good
works.
Tit. ii. 7.
3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious;
polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by
to or toward, also formerly by
unto.
The men were very good unto us.
1 Sam. xxv. 15.
4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use;
to be relied upon; -- followed especially by
for.
All quality that is good for anything is founded
originally in merit.
Collier.
5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; --
followed especially by at.
He . . . is a good workman; a very good
tailor.
Shak.
Those are generally good at flattering who are
good for nothing else.
South.
6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not
fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for
the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability;
of unimpaired credit.
My reasons are both good and weighty.
Shak.
My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that
he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.
Shak.
7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in
good earnest; in good sooth.
Love no man in good earnest.
Shak.
8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account;
considerable; esp., in the phrases a good deal, a
good way, a good degree, a good share
or part, etc.
9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together,
and running over.
Luke vi. 38.
10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable;
unsullied; as in the phrases a good name, a good
report, good repute, etc.
A good name is better than precious ointment
.
Eccl. vii. 1.
As good as. See under As. --
For good, For good and
all, completely and finally; fully; truly.
The good woman never died after this, till she came to die
for good and all.
L'Estrange.
-- Good breeding, polite or polished manners,
formed by education; a polite education.
Distinguished by good humor and good breeding.
Macaulay.
-- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably
cheap.
-- Good consideration (Law). (a)
A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection.
Blackstone. (b) A valuable
consideration, or one which will sustain a contract. --
Good fellow, a person of companionable
qualities. [Familiar] -- Good
folk, or Good people, fairies;
brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.]
-- Good for nothing. (a) Of no value;
useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively, an
idle, worthless person.
My father always said I was born to be a good for
nothing.
Ld. Lytton.
-- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in
some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or
suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion. --
Good humor, Good-humor,
a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind. --
Good nature, Good-nature,
habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition;
amiability; state of being in good humor.
The good nature and generosity which belonged to
his character.
Macaulay.
The young count's good nature and easy
persuadability were among his best characteristics.
Hawthorne.
-- Good people. See Good folk
(above). -- Good speed, good luck; good
success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See
Speed. -- Good turn, an act of
kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a)
Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling. (b)
(Law) The custom of any trade or business; the
tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to
resort to an established place of business; the advantage
accruing from tendency or inclination.
The good will of a trade is nothing more than the
probability that the old customers will resort to the old
place.
Lord Eldon.
-- In good time. (a) Promptly;
punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late.
(b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper
time. -- To hold good, to remain true or
valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his
promise holds good; the condition still holds
good. -- To make good, to fulfill; to
establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to
indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be
blameless; to clear; to vindicate.
Each word made good and true.
Shak.
Of no power to make his wishes good.
Shak.
I . . . would by combat make her
good.
Shak.
Convenient numbers to make good the city.
Shak.
-- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or
satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper.
If ye think good, give me my price; and if not,
forbear.
Zech. xi. 12.
Good, in the sense of wishing
well, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as,
good day, good night, good
evening, good morning, etc.
Good (?), n. 1. That
which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare,
or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent,
etc.; -- opposed to evil.
There be many that say, Who will show us any good
?
Ps. iv. 6.
2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare;
prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm,
etc.
The good of the whole community can be promoted
only by advancing the good of each of the members
composing it.
Jay.
3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels;
-- formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a
comprehensive name for almost all personal property as
distinguished from land or real property.
Wharton.
He hath made us spend much good.
Chaucer.
Thy lands and goods
Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate
Unto the state of Venice.
Shak.
Dress goods, Dry goods,
etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods
engine, a freight locomotive. [Eng.]
-- Goods train, a freight train.
[Eng.] -- Goods wagon, a freight car
[Eng.] See the Note under Car,
n., 2.
Good, adv. Well, -- especially in the
phrase as good, with a following as
expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as
little harm as possible.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book.
Milton.
As good as, in effect; virtually; the same
as.
They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good
as bid ye suppress yourselves.
Milton.
Good, v. t. 1. To make good; to
turn to good. [Obs.]
2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
{ Good`-by", Good`-bye" }
(?), n. [A contraction of
God be with ye (God be w, God
bw' ye, God bwye).] Farewell; a form
of address used at parting. See the last Note under By,
prep.
Shak.
Good`-den" (?), interj.
[Corrupt. of good e'en, for good
evening.] A form of salutation.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Good`-fel"low*ship (?), n.
Agreeable companionship; companionableness.
Good"geon (?), n. (Naut.)
Same as Gudgeon, 5.
Good`-hu"mored (?), a. Having a
cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See
Good-natured.
Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv. With a cheerful
spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.
Good"ish (?), a. Rather good
than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.
Goodish pictures in rich frames.
Walpole.
Good"less, a. Having no goods.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Good"lich (?), a. Goodly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Good"li*ness (?), n. [From
Goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance;
comeliness.
Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes.
Sir P. Sidney.
Good"-look`ing (?), a.
Handsome.
Good"ly, adv. Excellently.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Good"ly, a. [Compar.
Goodlier (?); superl.
Goodliest.] [OE. godlich,
AS. g/dlic. See Good, and
Like.]
1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.
We have many goodly days to see.
Shak.
2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely;
graceful; as, a goodly person; goodly
raiment, houses.
The goodliest man of men since born.
Milton.
3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a
goodly number.
Goodly and great he sails behind his link.
Dryden.
{ Good"ly*head (?), Good"ly*hood
(?) } n. Goodness; grace;
goodliness. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Good"man (?), n.
[Good + man]
1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent
to \'bdMy friend\'b8, \'bdGood sir\'b8, \'bdMister;\'b8 --
sometimes used ironically. [Obs.]
With you, goodman boy, an you please.
Shak.
2. A husband; the master of a house or family; --
often used in speaking familiarly. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is
the guest-chamber ?
Mark xiv. 14.
<-- p. 639 -->
goodman is frequently used as a title of
designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person
whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use
that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to Mr.
This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from
England.
Good`-na"tured (?), a.
Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.
Syn. -- Good-natured, Good-tempered,
Good-humored. Good-natured
denotes a disposition to please and be pleased.
Good-tempered denotes a habit of mind which is not
easily ruffied by provocations or other disturbing influences.
Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of ease and
cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in
social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends
himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A
good-humored man recommends himself particularly as a
companion. A good-tempered man is rarely betrayed into
anything which can disturb the serenity of the social
circle.
Good`-na"tured*ly, adv. With maldness of
temper.
Good"ness (?), n. [AS.
g/dnes.] The quality of being good in any
of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence;
as, the goodness of timber, of a soil, of food;
goodness of character, of disposition, of conduct,
etc.
Good" now" (?). An exclamation of wonder,
surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.]
Shak.
Goods (?), n. pl. See
Good, n., 3.
Good"ship, n. Favor; grace.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Good`-tem"pered (?), a. Having
a good temper; not easily vexed. See Good-natured.
Good"wife` (?), n. The mistress
of a house. [Archaic]
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Good"y (?), n.; pl.
Goodies (/). 1. A
bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the
pl. [Colloq.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the
lafayette or spot.
Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies
(#). [Prob. contr. from
goodwife.] Goodwife; -- a low term of
civility or sport.
Gode"-year (?), n. [See
Goujere.] The venereal disease; -- often used
as a mild oath. [Obs.]
Shak.
Good"y-good`y, a. Mawkishly or weakly
good; exhibiting goodness with silliness.
[Colloq.]
Good"y*ship, n. The state or quality of
a goody or goodwife [Jocose]
Hudibraus.
\'d8Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (/),
n. [Hind. gur/ a spiritual parent or
teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher.
Cf. Grief.] A spiritual teacher, guide, or
confessor amoung the Hindoos.
Malcom.
Goos"an`der (?), n. [OE.
gossander, a tautological word formed fr. goose +
gander. Cf. Merganser.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of merganser (M.
merganser) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also
merganser, dundiver,
sawbill, sawneb,
shelduck, and sheldrake.
See Merganser.
Goose (?), n.; pl.
Geese (#). [OE. gos,
AS. g/s, pl. g/s; akin to D. & G.
gans, Icel. g\'bes, Dan. gaas,
Sw. g/s, Russ. guse. OIr.
geiss, L. anser, for hanser, Gr.
/, Skr. hamsa. Gander,
Gannet, Ganza, Gosling.]
(Zo\'94l.)
1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily
Anserin\'91, and belonging to Anser,
Branta, Chen, and several allied genera.
See Anseres.
Anser anser).
The bean goose (A. segetum), the American wild or
Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), and the bernicle
goose (Branta leucopsis) are well known species. The
American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the
genus Chen. See Bernicle, Emperor
goose, under Emperor, Snow goose,
Wild goose, Brant.
2. Any large bird of other related families,
resembling the common goose.
Alopochen
\'92gyptiaca) and the African spur-winged geese
(Plectropterus) belong to the family
Plectropterid\'91. The Australian semipalmated goose
(Anseranas semipalmata) and Cape Barren goose
(Cereopsis Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) are very different
from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct
family. Both are domesticated in Australia.
3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its
handle, which resembles the neck of a goose.
4. A silly creature; a simpleton.
5. A game played with counters on a board divided
into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.
The pictures placed for ornament and use,
The twelve good rules, the royal game of goose.
Goldsmith.
A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish
something impossible or unlikely of attainment. -- Fen
goose. See under Fen. -- Goose
barnacle (Zo\'94l.), any pedunculated
barnacle of the genus Anatifa or Lepas; --
called also duck barnacle. See
Barnacle, and Cirripedia. -- Goose
cap, a silly person. [Obs.] Beau.
& . -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse
kind of rush (Juncus squarrosus). -- Goose
feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.] --
Goose flesh, a peculiar roughness of the skin
produced by cold or fear; -- called also goose
skin.<-- and goose pimples and
goose bumps --> -- Goose grass.
(Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus
Galium (G. Aparine), a favorite food of
geese; -- called also catchweed and
cleavers. (b) A species of
knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). (c)
The annual spear grass (Poa annua). --
Goose neck, anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe,
curved like the neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an
iron hook connecting a spar with a mast. -- Goose
quill, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen
made from it. -- Goose skin. See
Goose flesh, above. -- Goose
tongue (Bot.), a composite plant
(Achillea ptarmica), growing wild in the British
islands. -- Sea goose. (Zo\'94l.)
See Phalarope. -- Solan goose.
(Zo\'94l.) See Gannet.
Goose"ber*ry (?), n.; pl.
Gooseberries (#), [Corrupted for
groseberry or groiseberry, fr. OF.
groisele, F. groseille, -- of German
origin; cf. G. krausbeere, kr\'84uselbeere
(fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes,
kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr.
kruis cross; for kroesbes,
kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw.
krusb\'84r (fr. krus, krusing,
crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E.
curl. Cf. Grossular, a.]
1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus
Ribes; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There
are several species, of which Ribes Grossularia is the
one commonly cultivated.
2. A silly person; a goose cap.
Goldsmith.
Barbadoes gooseberry, a climbing prickly shrub
(Pereskia aculeata) of the West Indies, which bears
edible berries resembling gooseberries. -- Coromandel
gooseberry. See Carambola. --
Gooseberry fool. See lst Fool. --
Gooseberry worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva
of a small moth (Dakruma convolutella). It destroys
the gooseberry by eating the interior.
Goose"fish` (?), n.
(Z\'94ll.) See Angler.
Goose"foot` (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus of herbs (Chenopodium)
mostly annual weeds; pigweed.
Goos"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Gooseries (/). 1. A
place for keeping geese.
2. The characteristics or actions of a goose;
silliness.
The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor.
Milton.
Goose"wing` (?), n.
(Naut.) One of the clews or lower corners of a
course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail
is furled.
Goose"winged` (?), a.
(Naut.) (a) Having a
\'bdgoosewing.\'b8 (b) Said of a fore-and-aft
rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the
other; wing and wing.
Goos"ish, a. Like a goose;
foolish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Goost (?), n. Ghost;
spirit. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Goot (?), n. A goat.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Go"-out` (?), n. A sluice in
embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters,
when the tide is out. [Written also
gowt.]
Go"pher (?), n. [F.
gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.]
(Zo\'94l.) 1. One of several North
American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and
Thomomys, of the family Geomyid\'91; --
called also pocket gopher and pouched
rat. See Pocket gopher, and
Tucan.
2. One of several western American species of the
genus Spermophilus, of the family
Sciurid\'91; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus
Franklini) and the striped gopher (S.
tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped prairie
squirrel, leopard marmot, and
leopard spermophile. See
Spermophile.
3. A large land tortoise (Testudo
Carilina) of the Southern United States, which makes
extensive burrows.
4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes
Couperi) of the Southern United States.
Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular
prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to
regular grade or section. Raymond.
Go"pher wood` (?). [Heb.
g.] A species of wood used in the
construction of Noah's ark.
Gen. vi. 14.
\'d8Go*rac"co (?), n. A paste
prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western
India.
Go"ral (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral),
resembling the chamois.
Go"ra*my (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Gourami.
Gor"-bel`lied (?), a.
Bog-bellied. [Obs.]
Gor"-bel`ly, n. [Gore filth,
dirt + belly.] A prominent belly; a
big-bellied person. [Obs.]
Gorce (?), n. [OF.
gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges
whirlpool, gulf, stream. See Gorge.] A pool
of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.]
<-- "wear" here is in the sense of "weir". But why the
less-common word? -->
Gor"cock` (?), n. [Prob. from
gore blood.] (Zo\'94l.) The moor
cock, or red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov.
Eng.]
Gor"crow` (?), n. [AS.
gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.]
(Zo\'94l.) The carrion crow; -- called also
gercrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Gord (?), n. [Written also
gourd.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in
allusion to a gourd.] An instrument of
gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8Gor`di*a"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or
hair eels (Gordius and Mermis). See
Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix.
Gor"di*an (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a
knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated;
inextricable.
Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by
Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with
the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it
should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill
omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword.
Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty;
and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty
by bold and energetic measures.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Gordiacea.
Gor"di*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Gordiacea.
\'d8Gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See
Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near
maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which
they deposit their eggs; -- called also hair
eel, hairworm, and hair
snake, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused,
notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs.
Gore (?), n. [AS.
gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW.
gorr, OHG. gor, and perh. to E.
cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel.
g\'94rn, garnir, guts.] 1.
Dirt; mud. [Obs.]
Bp. Fisher.
2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has
become thick or clotted.
Milton.
Gore, n. [OE. gore,
gare, AS. g/ra angular point of land, fr.
g/r spear; akin to D. geer gore, G.
gehre gore, ger spear, Icel.
geiri gore, geir spear, and prob. to E.
goad. Cf. Gar, n.,
Garlic, and Gore, v.]
1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth,
canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater
width at a particular part.
2. A small traingular piece of land.
Cowell.
3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is
made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse
point.
tenn\'82. Like the other abatements it
is a modern fancy and not actually used.
Gore, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gored (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Goring.] [OE. gar spear, AS.
g/r. See 2d Gore.] To pierce or
wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as
a spear; to stab.
The low stumps shall gore
His daintly feet.
Coleridge.
Gore, v. t. To cut in a traingular form;
to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to
gore an apron.
Gore"bill` (?), n. [2d
gore + bill.] (Zo\'94l.) The
garfish. [Prov. Eng.]
Gor"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Gorflies (#). [Gore
(AS. gor) dung + fly.]
(Zo\'94l.) A dung fly.
Gorge (?), n. [F.
gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and
gorga abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea
whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. gargara whirlpool,
g\'f0 to devour. Cf. Gorget.]
1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food
passes to the stomach.
Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great
pain.
Spenser.
Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it.
Shak.
2. A narrow passage or entrance; as:
(a) A defile between mountains. (b)
The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; --
usually synonymous with rear. See Illust.
of Bastion.
3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by
a hawk or other fowl.
And all the way, most like a brutish beast,<
e spewed up his gorge, that all did him detest.
Spenser.
4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by
an obstruction; as, an ice gorge in a
river.
5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a
cavetto.
Gwilt.
6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley.
Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline
of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of
revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks,
separated by a piece of lead. Knight.
Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gorging (?).] [F.
gorger. See Gorge, n.]
1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with
greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.
The fish has gorged the hook.
Johnson.
2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to
satiate.
The giant gorged with flesh.
Addison.
Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite.
Dryden.
Gorge, v. i. To eat greedily and to
satiety.
Milton.
Gorged (?), a. 1.
Having a gorge or throat.
2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring
about the neck.
3. Glutted; fed to the full.
Gor"ge*let (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small gorget, as of a humming
bird.
Gor"geous (?), a. [OF.
gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF.
gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F.
gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume
airs. Cf. Gorge, n.] Imposing
through splendid or various colors; showy; fine;
magnificent.
Cloud-land, gorgeous land.
Coleridge.
Gogeous as the sun at midsummer.
Shak.
-- Gor"geous*ly, adv. --
Gor"geous*ness, n.
\'d8Gor`ge*rin" (?), n. [F.,
fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.) In some
columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the
shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two
neck moldings; -- called also neck of the
capital, and hypotrachelium. See
Illust. of Column.
Gor"get (?), n. [OF.
gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See
Gorge, n.] 1. A piece of
armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat
and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double
breastplate of the 14th century.
2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts
and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without
other steel armor.
Unfix the gorget's iron clasp.
Sir W. Scott.
3. A small ornamental plate, usually
crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the
neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies.
4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]
5. (Surg.) (a) A cutting
instrument used in lithotomy. (b) A grooved
instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also
blunt gorget.
Dunglison.
<-- p. 640 -->
6. (Zo\'94l.) A crescent-shaped, colored
patch on the neck of a bird or mammal.
Gorget hummer (Zo\'94l.), a humming
bird of the genus Trochilus. See
Rubythroat.
Gor"gon (?), n. [L.
Gorgo, -onis, Gr. /, fr. /
terrible.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of
three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky
hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the
beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to
Medusa.
2. Anything very ugly or horrid.
Milton.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The brindled gnu. See
Gnu.
Gor"gon, a. Like a Gorgon; very ugly or
terrific; as, a Gorgon face.
Dryden.
\'d8Gor`go*na"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Gorgoniacea.
Gor*go"ne*an (?), a. See
Gorgonian, 1.
\'d8Gor`go*ne"ion (?), n.; pl.
Gorgoneia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
Gorgo`neios, equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging
to a Gorgon.] (Arch.) A mask carved in
imitation of a Gorgon's head.
Elmes.
\'d8Gor*go"ni*a (?), n. [L., a
coral which hardens in the air.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive,
but now restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan
(Gorgonia flabellum), sea plume (G.
setosa), and other allied species having a flexible, horny
axis.
2. Any slender branched gorgonian.
\'d8Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including
those forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered
with a porous crust, or c/nenchyma, in which the polyp cells
are situated.
Alcyonaria, Anthozoa,
C/nenchyma.
Gor*go"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Gorgoneus.]
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon;
terrifying into stone; terrific.
The rest his look
Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move.
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral.
Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Gorgoniacea.
Gor"gon*ize (?), v. t. To have
the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to
petrify. [R.]
Gor"hen` (?), n.
[Gor- as in gorcock +
hen.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of
the gorcock.
Go*ril"la (?), n. [An African
word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by
Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man,
and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles,
which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy,
more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles
that of man.
Gor"ing (?), or Gor"ing cloth`
(/), n., (Naut.) A
piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.
Gorm (?), n. Axle grease. See
Gome. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorm, v. t. To daub, as the hands or
clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky.
[Prov. Eng.]
Gor"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The European cormorant.
Gor"mand (?), n. [F.
gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to
lap, gourmacher to eat improperly, F.
gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr mud,
mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to
E. gore blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.]
A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious feeder;
a gourmand.
Gor"mand, a. Gluttonous;
voracious.
Pope.
Gor"mand*er (?), n. See
Gormand, n. [Obs.]
Gor"mand*ism (?), n.
Gluttony.
Gor"mand*ize (?), v. i. & t.
[imp. & p. p. Gormandized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gormandizing
(?).] [F. gourmandise
gluttony. See Gormand.] To eat greedily; to
swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton.
Shak.
Gor"mand*i`zer (?), n. A
greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.
Go*roon" shell` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (Triton
femorale).
Gorse (?), n. [OE. & AS.
gorst; perh. akin to E. grow,
grass.] (Bot.) Furze. See
Furze.
The common, overgrown with fern, and rough
With prickly gorse.
Cowper.
Gorse bird (Zo\'94l.), the European
linnet; -- called also gorse hatcher.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat
(Zo\'94l.), the winchat. -- Gorse
duck, the corncrake; -- called also grass
drake, land drake, and corn
drake.
Gor"y (?), a. [From
Gore.]
1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.
Thou canst not say I did it; never shake
Thy gory locks at me.
Shak.
2. Bloody; murderous. \'bdGory
emulation.\'b8
Shak.
Gos"hawk` (?), n. [AS.
g/shafuc, lit., goosehawk; or Icel.
g\'beshaukr. See Goose, and Hawk the
bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any large hawk of the
genus Astur, of which many species and varieties are
known. The European (Astur palumbarius) and the
American (A. atricapillus) are the best known species.
They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage.
The Australian goshawk (A. Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) is
pure white.
Gos"herd (?), n. [OE.
gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a
herdsman.] One who takes care of geese.
Gos"let (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of pygmy geese,
of the genus Nettepus. They are about the size of a
teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia.
Gos"ling (?), n. [AS.
g/s goose + -ling.]
1. A young or unfledged goose.
2. A catkin on nut trees and pines.
Bailey.
Gos"pel (?), n. [OE.
gospel, godspel, AS. godspell;
god God + spell story, tale. See
God, and Spell, v.]
1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news
concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation.
And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their
synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the
kingdom.
Matt. iv. 23.
The steadfast belief of the promises of the
gospel.
Bentley.
gospel is from. OE.
godspel, God story, the narrative concerning God; but
it was early confused with god spell, good story, good
tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized
version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in
the Revised Version.
Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the
\'bdnarrative of God,\'b8 i. e., the life of Christ.
Skeat.
2. One of the four narratives of the life and death
of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in
a religious service; as, the gospel for the
day.
4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any
system of political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this
political gospel.
Burke.
5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly
true; as, they took his words for gospel.
[Colloq.]
If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only
ask him to read , instead of taking the
traditional witticisms about Lee for gospel.
Saintsbury.
Gos"pel, a. Accordant with, or relating
to, the gospel; evangelical; as, gospel
righteousness.
Bp. Warburton.
Gos"pel, v. t. To instruct in the
gospel. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gos"pel*er (?), n. [AS.
godspellere.] [Written also
gospeller.] 1. One of the four
evangelists.
Rom. of R.
Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in
baptism.
Wyclif.
2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English
religious reformer; hence, a Puritan. [Obs.]
Latimer.
The persecution was carried on against the
gospelers with much fierceness by those of the Roman
persuasion.
Strype.
3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the
altar during the communion service.
The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being
the dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney.
Pall Mall Gazette.
Gos"pel*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gospelized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gospelizing
(?).] [Written also
gospellize.]
1. To form according to the gospel; as, a
command gospelized to us.
Milton.
2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize;
as, to gospelize the savages.
Boyle.
Goss (?), n. [See
Gorse.] Gorse. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gos"sa*mer (?), n. [OE.
gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer,
perh. for goose summer, from its downy appearance, or
perh. for God's summer, cf. G. mariengarr
gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary.
Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the
remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from
her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of
summer in the sense of film or threads, cf. G.
M\'84dchensommer, Altweibersommer,
fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.]
1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating
in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is
seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed
by small spiders.
2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin
waterproof stuff.
3. An outer garment, made of waterproof
gossamer.
Gossamer spider (Zo\'94l.), any
small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the
air. See Ballooning spider.
Gos"sa*mer*y (?), a. Like
gossamer; flimsy.
The greatest master of gossamery affectation.
De Quincey.
Gos"san (?), n. (Geol.)
Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to
oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic
vein.
Gos`san*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Gossan + -ferous.]
Containing or producing gossan.
Gos"sat (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small British marine fish
(Motella tricirrata); -- called also
whistler and three-bearded
rockling. [Prov. Eng.]
Gos"sib (?), n. A gossip.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Gos"sip (?), n. [OE.
gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in
baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS.
godsibb, fr. god + sib alliance, relation;
akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to
Skr. sabh\'be assembly.]
1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.
Should a great lady that was invited to be a
gossip, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would
be ill taken.
Selden.
2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and
customary acquaintance. [Obs.]
My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal.
Shak.
3. One who runs house to house, tattling and
telling news; an idle tattler.
The common chat of gossips when they meet.
Dryden.
4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.
Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and
spite.
Tennyson.
Gos"sip, v. t. To stand sponsor
to. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Gossiped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gossiping.] 1. To
make merry. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. To prate; to chat; to talk much.
Shak.
3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle
tales.
Gos"sip*er (?), n. One given to
gossip.
Beaconsfield.
Gos"sip*rede (?), n. [Cf.
Kindred.] The relationship between a person
and his sponsors. [Obs.]
Gos"sip*ry (?), n. 1.
Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special
intimacy.
Bale.
2. Idle talk; gossip.
Mrs. Browning.
Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or
given to, gossip.
Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot.
garson an attendant, fr. F. gar\'87on, OF.
gars.] A boy; a servant.
[Ireland]
\'d8Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants which yield the cotton
of the arts. The species are much confused. G.
herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton
plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by
G. Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are
several other kinds besides these.
Got (?), imp. & p. p. of
Get. See Get.
Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG.
gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse;
akin to giessen to pour, shed, AS.
ge\'a2tan, and E. fuse to melt.]
A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.]
Crose.
Go"ter (?), n. a gutter.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Goth (?), n. [L.
Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr. /]
1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic
race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early
part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important
part in subverting the Roman empire.
Ostrogoths and
Visigoths, or East and West
Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the
Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took
possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called
Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia,
at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled
Suiogoths.
2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a
rude, ignorant person.
Chesterfield.
Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre;
a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in
Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders.
Bp. Morton.
Go"tham*ite (?), n. 1.
A gothamist.
2. An inhabitant of New York city.
[Jocular]
Irving.
Goth"ic (?), a. [L.
Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]
1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic
customs; also, rude; barbarous.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style
of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large
in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in
proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe
from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See
Illust. of Abacus, and
Capital.
Goth"ic, n. 1. The language of
the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths
who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See
Goth.
2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair
lines.
This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.
3. (Arch.) The style described in
Gothic, a., 2.
Goth"i*cism (?), n. 1.
A Gothic idiom.
2. Conformity to the Gothic style of
architecture.
3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.
Goth"i*cize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gothicized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gothicizing
(?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to
barbarism.
G\'94"thite, or Goe"thite
(/), n. [After the poet
G\'94the.] (Min.) A hydrous
oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive,
with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color
varies from yellowish to blackish brown.
Got"ten (?), p. p. of
Get.
\'d8Gouache (?), n. [F., It.
guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque
colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a
preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.
Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF.
gaide, F. gu\'8ade, fr. OHG.
weit; or cf. F. gaude weld. Cf.
Woad.] Woad. [Obs.]
\'d8Gou`dron" (?), n. [F.,
tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot,
steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for
igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and
ramparts.
Farrow.
Gouge (?), n. [F.
gouge. LL. gubia, guvia,
gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf.
Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]
1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical
blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in
wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for
turning wood.
2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or
gilding, having a face which forms a curve.
<-- p. 641 -->
3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for
gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc.
Knight.
4. (Mining) Soft material lying between
the wall of a vein aud the solid vein.
Raymond.
5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with
a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.
6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a
cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.]
Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a
gouge.
Bouge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gouged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging
(?).] 1. To scoop out with a
gouge.
2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to
force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K
S.]
3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse.
[Slang, U. S.]
Gou"ger (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Plum Gouger.
Gouge"shell` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell,
of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See
Vermetus.
Gou"jere (?), n. [F.
gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf.
Good-year.] The venereal disease.
[Obs.]
Gou"land (?), n. See
Golding.
Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after
the introducer, Thomas Goulard, a French
surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the
subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation.
Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.
Gour (?), n. [See
Giaour.] 1. A fire worshiper; a
Gheber or Gueber.
Tylor.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Koulan.
\'d8Gou"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of large,
crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting
New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon
(Goura Victoria) and the crowned pigeon (G.
coronata) are among the beat known species.
Gou"ra*mi (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A very largo East Indian freshwater
fish (Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in
artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a
food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce
it into Southern Europe. [Written also
goramy.]
Gourd (?), n. [F.
gourde, OF. cougourde,
gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr.
cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E.
corb. Cf. Cucurbite.] 1.
(Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit,
as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order
Cucurbitace\'91; and especially the bottle gourd
(Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety
of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for
bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.
2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of
a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle.
Chaucer.
Bitter gourd, colocynth.
Gourd, n. A false die. See
Gord.
{ Gourd, Gourde } n.
[Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; --
so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc.
Simmonds.
Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From
Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being
gourdy.
Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree
(the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West
Indies and Central America.
Gourd"worm" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The fluke of sheep. See
Fluke.
Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr.
gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.]
(Far.) Swelled in the legs.
Gour"mand (?), n. [F.]
A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See
Gormand.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius
B. Jonson.
\'d8Gour"met" (?), n.
[F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an
epicure.
Gour"net (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish. See Gurnet.
Gout (?), n. [F.
goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered
as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]
1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.
On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.
Shak.
2. (Med.) A constitutional disease,
occurring by paroxysms. It constists in an inflammation of the
fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always
attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after
which, it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended
with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in the
digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the
stomach, the intestines, etc.
Dunglison.
3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn
fly, under Corn.
Cout stones. See Chalkstone,
n., 2.
\'d8Co\'96t (?), n. [F., fr. L.
gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste;
relish.
Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty
manner.
Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being
gouty; gout.
{ Gout"weed` (/), Gout"wort`
(?) } n. [So called from having
been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.]
(Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe
(\'92gopodium Podagraria); -- called also
bishop's weed, ashweed, and
herb gerard.
Gout"y (?), a. 1.
Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a
gouty person; a gouty joint.
2. Pertaining to the gout.
\'bdGouty matter.\'b8
Blackmore.
3. Swollen, as if from gout.
Derham.
4. Boggy; as, gouty land.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a
secondary disease during the progress of gout. -- Gouty
concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the
joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty
kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of
gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate
of sodium.
Gove (?), n. [Also
goaf, goof, goff.] A
mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Gov"ern (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Governed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Governing.] [OF. governer,
F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer,
pilot, govern, Gr. /. Cf. Gubernatorial.]
1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct
of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to
regulate by authority. \'bdFit to govern and
rule multitudes.\'b8
Shak.
2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to
restrain; to manage; as, to govern the life; to
govern a horse.
Govern well thy appetite.
Milton.
3. (Gram.) To require to be in a
particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a
noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular
case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective
case.
Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to
administer the laws; to have the control.
Dryden.
Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Governableness.
Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
gouvernable.] Capable of being governed, or
subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient.
Locke.
Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being governable; manageableness.
Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail
(/), n. [Cf. F.
gouvernail helm, rudder, L.
gubernaculum.] Management; mastery.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F.
gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control;
government; arrangement.
Chaucer. J. H. Newman.
Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F.
gouvernante. See Govern.] A
governess.
Sir W. Scott.
Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF.
governeresse. See Governor.] A
female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and
direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction
of children, -- usually in their homes.
Gov"ern*ing, a. 1. Holding the
superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing
wind; a governing party in a state.
Jay.
2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular
case.
Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F.
gouvernement. See Govern.] 1.
The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the
administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as,
civil, church, or family government.
2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a
state; the established form of law.
That free government which we have so dearly
purchased, free commonwealth.
Milton.
3. The right or power of governing;
authority.
I here resign my goverment to thee.
Shak.
4. The person or persons authorized to administer
the laws; the ruling powe; the administratian.
When we, in England, speak of the government, we
generally
understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.
Mozley & W.
5. The body politic governed by one authority; a
state; as, the governments of Europe.
6. Management of the limbs or body.
Shak.
7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in
regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in
a particular case.
Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
gouveernemental.] Pertaining to government;
made by government; as, governmental duties.
Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE.
governor, governour, OF.
governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L.
gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See
Govern.] 1. One who governs;
especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive
authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the
governor of Pennsylvania. \'bdThe governor
of the town.\'b8
Shak.
2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young
man; a tutor; a guardian.
3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman.
[R.]
4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to
steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain
nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are
variable.
governor
commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve
(a) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (b),
driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed
varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c
c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the
balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to
the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle
valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion
produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too
slowly and a less supply when too fast.
Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a
variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as
to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at
points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed. --
Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor
which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a
cataract.
Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who
has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the
governor general of Canada, of India.
Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a
governor.
Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr.
Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1.
The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]
And pu'd the gowans fine.
Burns.
2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.
Gow"an*y (?), a. Having,
abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay.
Ramsay.
Gowd (?), n. [Cf.
Gold.] Gold; wealth.
[Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that.
Burns.
Gowd"en (?), a. Golden.
[Scot.]
Gow"die (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Dragont.
[Scot.]
Gowd"nook" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The saury pike; -- called also
gofnick.
Gowk (?), v. t. [See
Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to
stupefy. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Gowk, n. [See Gawk.]
(Zo\'94l.) 1. The European cuckoo; --
called also gawky.
2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.
Gowl (?), v. i. [OE.
gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v.
i.] To howl. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Gown (?), n. [OE.
goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe,
akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g\'97n; cf. OF.
gone, prob. of the same origin.] 1.
A loose, flowing upper garment; especially:
(a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a
calico or silk gown. (b) The
official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as
university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.;
hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in
distinction from military.
He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield.
Dryden.
(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors;
a dressing gown.
2. Any sort of dress or garb.
He comes . . . in the gown of humility.
Shak.
Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a
gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape.
Tennyson.
Gowns"man (?), Gown"man
(/), n.; pl. -men
(-men). One whose professional habit is a
gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an
English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a
soldier.
Goz"zard (?), n. See
Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]
Graaf"i*an (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier
de Graaf, a Dutch physician.
Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities
in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by
the bursting of which they are discharged.
Graal (?), n. See Grail., a
dish.
Grab (?), n. [Ar. & Hind.
ghur/b crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]
(Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast,
having two or three masts.
Grab (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Grabbed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw.
grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble,
Grapple, Grasp.] To gripe suddenly;
to seize; to snatch; to clutch.
Grab, n. 1. A sudden grasp or
seizure.
2. An instrument for clutching objects for the
purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for
withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are
drilled, bored, or driven.
Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small
articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of
a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a
theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece
of property. [Colloq.]
Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes
or grabs.
Grab"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Grabbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling
(/).] [Freq. of grab; cf.
D. grabbelen.] 1. To grope; to
feel with the hands.
He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a
grabbling and fumbling.
Selden.
2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the
ground; to grovel.
Ainsworth.
Grace (?), n. [F.
gr\'83ce, L. gratia, from gratus
beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. / to rejoice, /
favor, grace, Skr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf.
Grateful, Gratis.] 1. The
exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit
or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.
To bow and sue for grace
With suppliant knee.
Milton.
2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man;
the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any
benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of
acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.
And if by grace, then is it no more of works.
Rom. xi. 6.
My grace is sufficicnt for thee.
2 Cor. xii. 9.
Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.
Rom. v. 20.
By whom also we have access by faith into this
grace wherein we stand.
Rom. v.2
3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of
mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b)
The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable
relief through chancery.
4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with
hard or sorry when it means
misfortune. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or
characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or
benefit.
He is complete in feature and in mind.
With all good grace to grace a gentleman.
Shak.
I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's
style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and
full of those graces which a flowery imagination
diffuses over writing.
Blair.
<-- p. 642 -->
6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral;
loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of
form.
Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and
secures them longer, than any thing else.
Hazlitt.
I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the
grace of the gift.
Longfellow.
7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and
beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient
writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of
Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely,
Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the
inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom,
love, and social intercourse.
The Graces love to weave the rose.
Moore.
The Loves delighted, and the Graces played.
Prior.
8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an
archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.
How fares your Grace !
Shak.
9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks.
[Obs.]
Yielding graces and thankings to their lord
Melibeus.
Chaucer.
10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or
thanks rendered, before or after a meal.
11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental
notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or
indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are
called grace notes, appeggiaturas,
turns, etc.
12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or
decree of the government of the institution; a degree or
privilege conferred by such vote or decree.
Walton.
13. pl. A play designed to promote or
display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop
from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands
of each. Called also grace hoop or
hoops.
Act of grace. See under Act. --
Day of grace (Theol.), the time
of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and
may be accepted.
That day of grace fleets fast away.
I. Watts.
-- Days of grace (Com.), the days
immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due,
which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in.
In Great Britain and the United States, the days of
grace are three, but in some countries more, the
usages of merchants being different. -- Good
graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace
cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is
drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after
grace has been said.
The grace cup follows to his sovereign's
health.
Hing.
-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the
table; a grace cup.
To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of
the grace drink, she having established it as a rule
at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was
rewarded with a bumper.
Encyc. Brit.
-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See
Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note
(Mus.), an appoggiatura. See
Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace
stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de
grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing
knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the
gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect
credit upon.
Content to do the profession some grace.
Shak.
-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after
a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and
proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad
grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory
manner; ungraciously.
What might have been done with a good grace would
at least
be done with a bad grace.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness;
mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These
words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and
peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the
term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is
kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the
grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of
mercy toward men. See Elegance.
Grace (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Graced (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing
(?).] 1. To adorn; to
decorate; to embellish and dignify.
Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.
Pope.
We are graced with wreaths of victory.
Shak.
2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to
honor.
He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom
he would
in court.
Knolles.
3. To supply with heavenly grace.
Bp. Hall.
4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc.,
to.
Graced (?), a. Endowed with
grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
Shak.
Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying
grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in
appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air,
act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus
rode.
Dryden.
-- Grace"ful*ly, adv.
Grace"ful*ness, n.
Grace"less, a. 1. Wanting in
grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace;
hence, depraved; corrupt. \'bdIn a graceless
age.\'b8
Milton.
2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n.,
4. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
-- Grace"less*ly, adv. --
Grace"less-ness, n.
{ Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent
(?) } a. [L. gracilis,
gracilentus.] Slender; thin.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
gracilitas; cf. F. gracilit\'82.] State of
being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. \'bdYouthful
gracility.\'b8
W. D. Howells.
Gra"cious (?), a. [F.
gracieux, L. gratiosus. See
Grace.] 1. Abounding in grace or
mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by
grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor;
condescending; as, his most gracious
majesty.
A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful.
Neh. ix. 17.
So hallowed and so gracious in the time.
Shak.
2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability;
graceful; excellent.
Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . .
There was not such a gracious creature born.
Shak.
3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or
controlled by the divine influence; as, gracious
affections.
Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent;
benignant; merciful.
Gra"cious*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.
Dryden.
2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gra"cious*ness, n. Quality of being
gracious.
Grac"kle (?), n. [Cf. L.
graculus jackdaw.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of several American blackbirds, of the
family Icterid\'91; as, the rusty grackle
(Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle
(see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus
quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See
Crow blackbird, under Crow.
(b) An Asiatic bird of the genus
Gracula. See Myna.
Gra"date (?), v. t. [See
Grade.] 1. To grade or arrange
(parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall
harmonize.
2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain
strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline
solution.
Gra*da"tion (?), n., [L.
gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See
Grade.] 1. The act of progressing by
regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded
or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.
2. The act or process of bringing to a certain
grade.
3. Any degree or relative position in an order or
series.
The several gradations of the intelligent
universe.
I. Taylor.
4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from
one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in
painting or drawing.
6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or
descending succession of chords.
Gra*da"tion, v. t. To form with
gradations. [R.]
Gra*da"tion*al (?), a. By
regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.
Grad"a*to*ry (?), a. [See
Grade.] 1. Proceeding step by step,
or by gradations; gradual.
Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their
progress . . . could this gradatory apostasy have been
shown us.
A. Seward.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Suitable for walking; --
said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on
land.
Grad"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. LL.
gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series
of steps from a cloister into a church.
Grade (?), n. [F.
grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from
gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress,
Degree, Gradus.] 1. A step
or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position
or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of
every grade; grades of flour.
They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure,
teachers of every grade.
Buckle.
2. In a railroad or highway: (a)
The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a
level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many
feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of
horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a
grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264.
(b) A graded ascending, descending, or level
portion of a road; a gradient.
3. (Stock Breeding) The result of
crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed
have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called
high grade.
At grade, on the same level; -- said of the
crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when
they are on the same level at the point of crossing. --
Down grade, a descent, as on a graded
railroad. -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a
graded railroad. -- Equating for grades. See
under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a
crossing at grade.
Grade, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Grading.] 1. To arrange in
order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank,
etc.
2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly
progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.
3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some
better breed; to improve the blood of.
Grade"ly, a. [Cf. AS. grad
grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See
Grade.] Decent; orderly. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell. -- adv.
Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng.]
Grad"er (?), n. One who grades,
or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate.
<-- 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow
blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading
roads. -->
Gra"di*ent (?), a. [L.
gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to
step, to go. See Grade.] 1. Moving
by steps; walking; as, gradient automata.
Wilkins.
2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of
inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad.
3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain
birsds.
Gra"di*ent, n. 1. The rate of
regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.
2. A part of a road which slopes upward or
downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.
3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable
magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a
thermometric gradient.
Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by
its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or
embankment, etc., at that spot.
{ \'d8Gra"din (?), Gra*dine"
(?), } n. [F. gradin,
dim. of grade. See Grade.]
(Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised
back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another.
\'bdThe gradines of the amphitheeater.\'b8
Layard.
Gra*dine" (?), n. [F.
gradine.] A toothed chised by
sculptors.
Grad"ing (?), n. The act or
method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the
surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.
\'d8Gra*di"no (?), n.; pl.
Gradinos (#). [It.]
(Arch.) A step or raised shelf, as above a
sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and
Gradin.
Grad"u*al" (?); a. [Cf; F.
graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual,
n.] Proceeding by steps or degrees;
advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one
state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a
gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual
decline.
Creatures animate with gradual life
Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man.
Milton.
Grad"u*al, n. [LL. graduale a
gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus step: cf. F.
graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a
gradual.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) (a)
An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass,
which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the
steps. (b) A service book containing the
musical portions of the Mass.
2. A series of steps. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Grad"u*al"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Grad"u*al*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a gradual manner.
2. In degree. [Obs.]
Human reason doth not only gradually, but
specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.
Grew.
Grad"u*al*ness, n. The quality or state
of being gradual; regular progression or gradation;
slowness.
The gradualness of this movement.
M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which
strikes the simplest observer.
H. Drummond.
Grad"u*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Graduated
(?) p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating
(/).] [Cf. F. graduer. See
Graduate, n., Grade.]
1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular
steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a
scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or
degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close
of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma;
as, he was graduated at Yale College.
3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or
modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the
degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven.
Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.
Browne.
4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree
of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.
Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See
Dividing engine, under Dividing.
Grad"u*ate, v. i. 1. To pass by
degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone
which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes
graduates into quartz.
2. (Zo\'94l.) To taper, as the tail of
certain birds.
3. To take a degree in a college or university; to
become a graduate; to receive a diploma.
He graduated at Oxford.
Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had
graduated.
Macaulay.
Grad"u*ate (?), n. [LL.
graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr.
L. gradus grade. See Grade,
n.] 1. One who has received an
academical or professional degree; one who has completed the
prescribed course of study in any school or institution of
learning.
2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring
glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under
Graduated.
Grad"u*ate, a. [See Graduate,
n. & v.] Arrangei by successive
steps or degrees; graduated.
Beginning with the genus, passing through all the
graduate
and subordinate stages.
Tatham.
Grad"u*a"ted (?), a. 1.
Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into
grades.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Tapered; -- said of a
bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others
successively longer.
Graduated tube, bottle, cap, , a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal
marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the
contents at the several levels. -- Graduated
spring (Railroads), a combination of
metallic and rubber springs.
Grad"u*ate*ship, n. State of being a
graduate.
Milton.
Grad"u*a"tion (?), n. [LL.
graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into
degrees.]
1. The act of graduating, or the state of being
graduated; as, graduation of a scale;
graduation at a college; graduation in color;
graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a
bird's tail, etc.
2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate
degrees or quantity; a scale.
3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to
the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.
Grad"u*a"tor (?), n. 1.
One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a
graduator of instruments.
2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or
curve, into small, regular intervals.
3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine
or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.
\'d8Gra"dus (?), n. [From L.
gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A dictionary
of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin
poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other
help.
T. Hughes.
\'d8Graf (?), n. [G. Cf.
-grave.] A German title of nobility,
equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See
Earl.
Graff (?), n. [OE.
grafe, greife, greive. Cf.
Margrave.] A steward; an overseer.
[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or
graff, and not the head, which is a title belonging
only to Christ.
John Knox.
Graff n. & v. See Graft.
Graff"age (?), n. [Cf. Grave,
n.] The scarp of a ditch or moat.
\'bdTo clean the graffages.\'b8
Miss Mitford.
Graf"fer (?), n. [See
Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or
scrivener.
Bowvier.
<-- p. 643 -->
\'d8Graf*fi"ti (?), n. pl.
[It., pl. of graffito scratched]
Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of
ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at
Pompeii.
Graft (?), n. [OE.
graff, F. greffe, originally the same word
as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. /,
/, fr. / to write; prob. akin to E. carve. So
named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed
pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.]
(a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in
another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it.
The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the
kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a
tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.)
A portion of living tissue used in the operation of
autoplasty.
Graft, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Grafting.] [F. greffer. See
Graft, n.] 1. To insert
(a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by
insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.
[Formerly written graff.]
2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of
(living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic
union.
3. To join (one thing) to another as if by
grafting, so as to bring about a close union.
And graft my love immortal on thy fame !
Pope.
4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt,
block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or
rope-yarns.
Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one
tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice
grafting.
Graft"er (?), n. 1.
One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit
by ingrafting.
2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.
3. The original tree from which a scion has been
taken for grafting upon another tree.
Shak.
Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act,
art, or process of inserting grafts.
2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving
a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.
3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a
portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.
4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise
attachment of one timber to another.
Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of
grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the
stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a
manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. --
Crown, , a method
of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and
between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut
slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode of
grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by
two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped
to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it
saddlewise. -- Side grafting, a mode of
grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so
as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside
of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the
cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. --
Skin grafting. (Surg.) See
Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting
(Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends
of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a
manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the
ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and
securing them by tying or otherwise. -- Whip
grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting,
except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and
stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the
sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put
together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the
other. -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's
scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. --
Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in
grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used
in digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a
composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up
the wounds of newly grafted trees.
Gra"ham bread" (?). [From Sylvester
Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.] Bread
made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
Gra"ham*ite (?), n. [See
Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic
system of Graham. [U. S.]
Grail (?), n. [OF.
greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual,
n.] A book of offices in the Roman Catholic
Church; a gradual. [Obs.]
T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails,
processionals, etc.
Strype.
Grail, n. [OF. graal,
greal, greet, F. graal, gr?al,
LL. gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L.
crater bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. krath`r.
See Crater.] A broad, open dish; a chalice;
-- only used of the Holy Grail.
Holy Grail, according to some legends
of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing
the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the
platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover
observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if
appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be
borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of
the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was
perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.
Grail, n. [F. gr
hail, from gr\'90s grit, OHG. griex,
grioz, G. gries, gravel, grit. See
Grit.] Small particles of earth;
gravel. [Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail.
Spenser.
Grail (?), n. [Cf. OF.
graite slender, F. gr.]
One of the small feathers of a hawk.
Graille (?), n. [Cf. F.
gr a sort of file.] A halfround
single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight
face, -- used by comb makers.
Knight.
Grain, v. & n. See Groan.
[Obs.]
Grain (?), n. [F.
grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small
kernel, small particle. See Corn, and cf.
Garner, n., Garnet, Gram
the chick-pea, Granule, Kernel.]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially
of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for
food.
2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the
chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants
themselves; -- used collectively.
Storehouses crammed with grain.
Shak.
3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar,
salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a
grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of
wit, etc.
I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved.
Milton.
4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so
called because considered equal to the average of grains taken
from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the
pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is
equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.
5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or
kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson,
scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to
Tyrian purple.
All in a robe of darkest grain.
Milton.
Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in
colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of
crimson in grain.
Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.
6. The composite particles of any substance; that
arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its
comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble,
sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.
Dryden.
7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the
fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap,
Infect the sound pine and divert his grain
Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
Shak.
8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or
of any fibrous material.
9. The hair side of a piece of leather,
or the marking on that side.
Knight.
10. pl. The remains of grain, etc.,
after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called
draff.
11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the
back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained,
a., 4.
12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination.
[Obs.]
Brothers . . . not united in grain.
Hayward.
13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise.
[Obs.]
He cheweth grain and licorice,
To smellen sweet.
Chaucer.
Against the grain, against or across the
direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes;
unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty.
Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of
allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small
allowance. -- Grain binder, an attachment to
a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. --
Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes
in sect. -- Grain leather. (a)
Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and
other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes,
etc. -- Grain moth (Zo\'94l.),
one of several small moths, of the family
Tineid\'91 (as Tinea granella and
Butalis cereAlella), whose larv\'91 devour grain in
storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather),
the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been
removed; -- opposed to flesh side. --
Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of
amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore
metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain
weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small red weevil
(Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar
grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grain moth. See
grain moth, above. -- In grain,
of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine.
\'bdAnguish in grain.\'b8 Herbert.-- To dye in
grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or
kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to
dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See
under Dye.
The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . .
Likce crimson dyed in grain.
Spenser.
-- To go against the grain of (a person), to be
repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.
Grain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grained (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Graining.]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood,
marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and
raise the grain of (leather, etc.).
Grain, v. i. [F. grainer,
grener. See Grain, n.]
1. To yield fruit. [Obs.]
Gower.
2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as
the result of crystallization; to granulate.
Grain (?), n. [See
Groin a part of the body.]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a
plant. [Obs.]
G. Douglas.
2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically:
(a) One the branches of a valley or of a
river. (b) pl. An iron first
speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.
3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal,
used in a mold to steady a core.
Grained (?), a. 1.
Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains;
showing the grain; hence, rough.
2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.
Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous
honesty, are but pale in goodness.
Sir T. Browne.
3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of
wood, marble, etc.
4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike
processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.
Grain"er (?), n. 1. An
infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the
effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also
grains and bate.
2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.
3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of
wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in
graining.
Grain"field` (?), n. A field
where grain is grown.
Grain"ing, n. 1. Indentation;
roughening; milling, as on edges of coins.
Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin
is softened and the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain
of wood, atone, etc.
4. (Soap Making) The process of
separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.
Grain"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - called
also dobule, and dace.
Grains (?), n. pl. 1.
See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).
2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See
Grainer. n., 1.
Grain"y (?), a. Resembling
grains; granular.
Graip (?), n. [Perh. akin to
grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.]
Burns.
Graith (?), v. t.
[Obs.] See Greith.
Chaucer.
Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or
accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Gra"kle (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Grackle.
\'d8Gral"l\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for
gradulae, fr. gradus. See
Grade.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
birds which formerly included all the waders. By later writers
it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied
forms; -- called also Grallatores.
\'d8Gral"la*to"res (?), n. pl.
[NL. from L. grallator one who runs on
stilts.] (Zo”l.) See
Grall\'91.
Gral`la*to"ri*al (?),
Gral"la*to*ry (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Grallatores,
or waders.
Gral"lic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Grall\'91.
Gral"line (l, a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Grall\'91.
Gral"loch (?), n. Offal of a
deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal
from (a deer).
-gram (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or
written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to draw, write. See
Graphic.] A suffix indicating something drawn
or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram,
chronogram.
Gram (?), a. [AS. gram; akin to
E. grim. Angry. [Obs.]
Havelok, the Dane.
Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See
Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian
name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds;
also, other similar seeds there used for food.
Gram, Gramme (?),
n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which
is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See
Graphic.] The unit of weight in the metric
system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly,
equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of
pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains.
See Grain, n., 4.
Gram degree, Gramme degree
(Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of
heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water
one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent
(Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which
will replace one gram of hydrogen.
Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a
sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of several
kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp.
the Bouteloua oligostachya.
Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE.
gramer, grameri, gramori,
grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire.
See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic.
Sir W. Scott.
Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See
Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee;
leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.
Sir W. Scott.
Grame (?), n. [See
Gram, a.] 1. Anger;
wrath; scorn. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F.
grand-merci. See Grand, and
Mercy.] A word formerly used to express
thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.
Spenser.
<-- p. 644 -->
Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L.
gramen, graminis, grass.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous;
as, graminaceous plants.
Gra*min"e*al (?), a.
Gramineous.
Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L.
gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis,
grass.] (Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to,
grass. See Grass, n., 2.
Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L.
gramen, graminis, grass + folium
leaf.] (Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling
those of grass.
Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
gramen, graminis, grass + vorare
to eat greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and
the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other
animals.
Gram"ma*logue (?), n. [Gr.
gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf.
Logogram.] (Phonography)
Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a
logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t.
pitman.
Gram"mar (?), n. [OE.
gramere, OF. gramaire, F.
grammaire Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr /,
fem. of / skilled in grammar, fr. / letter. See
Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical,
Gramarye.] 1. The science which
treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of
speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned
with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in
speaking or writing.
Bain.
2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness
or according to established usage; speech considered with regard
to the rules of a grammar.
The original bad grammar and bad spelling.
Macaulay.
3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book
containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking
or writing.
4. treatise on the elements or principles of any
science; as, a grammar of geography.
Comparative grammar, the science which
determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and
comparing their grammatical forms. -- Grammar
school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in
which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies
preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby
Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in
England than in the United States.
When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred
families or householders, they shall set up a grammar
school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as
they may be fitted for the University.
Mass. Records (1647).
(b) In the American system of graded common schools
an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high
school, in which the principles of English grammar are
taught.<-- now = primary school -->
Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according
to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F.
grammairien.] 1. One versed in
grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.
Brande & C.
2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.
Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The
principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.
[R.]
Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without
grammar.
Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From
Gr. / letters, written rules.] Rudiments; first
principles, as of grammar. [Obs.]
Ford.
Gram*mat"ic (?), a.
Grammatical.
Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L.
grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. / skilled
in grammar, knowing one's letters, from / a letter: cf. F.
grammatical. See Grammar.] 1.
Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar;
as, a grammatical rule.
2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically
correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the
construction is not grammatical.
--Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.
Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n.
[LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or
pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster.
B. Jonson.
Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A
principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.
[Obs.]
Dalgarno.
Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point
or principle of grammar.
Abp. Leighton.
Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grammaticized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grammaticizing
(?).] To render grammatical.
Fuller.
Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L.
grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. /, from / to teach
the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. grammatiste. See
Grammatical.] A petty grammarian.
[R]
Tooke.
Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the
weight.
Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.)
A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its
French inventor, M. Gramme.
Knight.
Gram"pus (?), n.; pl.
Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted
from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran
pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis
piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the
animal.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A toothed
delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp.
G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for
its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is
gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish.
The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.
2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery.
[U.S.]
{ Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do
(?), } n. See
Grenade.
\'d8Grana*dil"la (?), n. [Sp.,
dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade,
Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of
certain species of passion flower (esp. Passiflora
quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is
as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The
fruit of Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring
ices.
Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Granaries (#). [L.
granarium, fr. granum grain. See
Garner.] A storehouse or repository for
grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also
(Fig.), a region fertile in grain.<-- in this sense,
equivalent to "breadbasket", used figuratively -->
The exhaustless granary of a world.
Thomson.
Gran"ate (?), n. See
Garnet.
Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L.
granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.)
Mannite; -- so called because found in the
pomegranate.
Gran"a*tite (?), n. See
Staurolite.
Grand (?), a.
[Compar. Grander (?);
superl. Grandest.] [OE.
grant, grount, OF. grant, F.
grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis
heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.]
1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive;
hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a
grand mountain; a grand army; a grand
mistake. \'bdOur grand foe, Satan.\'b8
Milton.
Making so bold . . . to unseal
Their grand commission.
Shak.
2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in
appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said
of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of
things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord;
a grand general; a grand view; a grand
conception.
They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached
masters of the grand style.
M. Arnold.
3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or
importance than other persons or things of the same name; as,
a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand
piano, etc.
4. Standing in the second or some more remote
degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition;
as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.
What cause
Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state,
Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off
From their Creator.
Milton.
Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in
grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain
perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the
string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an
organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union
army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order
has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. --
Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of
knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A
knight grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the
cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in
certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that
grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law),
certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in
the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John
Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non
juridici. -- Grand duchess.
(a) The wife or widow of a grand duke.
(b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her
own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the
Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign
duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of
Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar.
(c) (Zo\'94l.) The European great horned
owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). --
Grand-guard, Grandegarde,
a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra
protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand
juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand
jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve
men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private
session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with
crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of
indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called
also grand inquest. -- Grand
juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand
larceny. (Law) See under
Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief
lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret
orders. -- Grand master. (a) The
head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the
Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of
the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.<-- (c) The
highest rank for a chess player, awarded by a national or
international organization of chess players as a result of
winning games of chess against other ranked players in chess
tournaments officially sanctioned by that chess organization,
such as FIDE. By extension, (Figuratively) a person with the
highest level of expertise in some field. Also "grandmaster".
--> -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand.
[Obs.] Holland. -- Grand
pensionary. See under Pensionary. --
Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano,
usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally
triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is
introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size
of the instrument. -- Grand relief
(Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand
Seignior. See under Seignior. --
Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for
spectators, at a, race course, etc. -- Grand
vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an
ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand
vizier. See under Vizier.
Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated;
stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. --
Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to
objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a
sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied
to anything which is imposing from its splendor;
sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A
cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is
magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime.
\'bdGrandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but
magnificence is that which has already reached the
highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object
in question.\'b8
Crabb.
Gran"dam (?), n. [F.
grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and
Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a
grandmother.
Shak.
Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F.
grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or
mother.
Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or
daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.
Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The
daughter of one's son or daughter.
Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp.
grande. See Grand.] A man of
elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the
first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.
Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of
a grandee; lordship.
H. Swinburne.
Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr.
grand. See Grand.] The state or
quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor;
magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of
thought or expression; nobility of action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show
Of luxury . . . allure mine eye.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness;
loftiness. See Sublimity.
Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L.
grandaevitas.] Great age; long life.
[Obs.]
Glanvill.
Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L.
grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime,
age.] Of great age; aged; longlived.
[R.]
Bailey.
Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a grand duke.
H. James.
Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A
father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above
the father or mother in lineal ascent.
Grandfather longlegs. (Zo\'94l.)
See Dady longlegs.
Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather
in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage.
Hawthorne.
Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L.
grandificus; grandis grand + facere to
make.] Making great. [R.]
Bailey.
Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The
use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad
sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking.
Thackeray,
Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L.
grandis grand + logui to speak.]
Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.
Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L.
grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to
apeak.] Grandiloquent.
Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L.
grandinosus, fr. qrando,
grandinis, hail.] Consisting of hail;
abounding in hail. [R.]
Bailey.
Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F.
grandiose, It. grandioso. See
Grand.] 1. Impressive or elevating
in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good
sense.
The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order
not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole.
M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild.
C. Kingsley.
2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or
splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense;
as, a grandiose style.
Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
grandiosit\'82, It. grandiosit\'85.]
The state or quality of being grandiose,
Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L.
granditas: cf. OF. granit\'82. See
Grand.] Grandness. [Obs.]
Camden.
Graud"ly, adv. In a grand manner.
{ Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma"
(?), } n. A grand mother.
<-- Grandmaster. See grand master. -->
Grand" mer"cy (?). See
Gramercy. [Obs.]
Grand"moth"er (?), n. The
mother of one's father or mother.
Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother
in age or manner; kind; indulgent.
Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The
grandson of one's brother or sister.
Grand"ness, n. Grandeur.
Wollaston.
Grand"niece" (?), n. The
granddaughter of one's brother or sister.
{ Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa"
(?), } n. A grandfather.
Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF.
grantsire. See Grand, and
Sire.] Specifically, a grandfather; more
generally, any ancestor.
Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or
daughter's son.
Graad"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F.
grand-oncle.] father's or mother's
uncle.
Grane (?), v. & n. See
Groan. [Obs.]
Grange (?), n. [F.
grange barn, LL. granea, from L.
granum grain. See Grain a kernel.]
1. A building for storing grain; a granary.
[Obs.]
Milton.
2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings
for farming purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride,
To see her granges and her bernes wide.
Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking
maid.
Tennyson.
3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and
tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]
4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a
distance from neighbors.
5. An association of farmers, designed to further
their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and
consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial
relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The
first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.]
Gran"ger (?), n. 1. A
farm steward. [Obs.]
2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]
Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called
from the Rev. James Granger, whose \'bdBiographical
History of England\'b8 (1769) was a favorite book for
illustration in this manner.] The practice of
illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other
books.
Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who
collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of
one book.
Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To
collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other
books.
G. A. Sala.
Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
qranifer; granum grain + ferre
to bear: cf. F. granif\'8are.] Bearing
grain, or seeds like grain.
Humble.
Gran"i*form (?), a. [L.
granum grain + -form; cf. F.
graniforme.] Formed like of corn.
\'d8Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp.,
small seed.] Small grains or dust of cochineal or the
coccus insect.
Gran"ite (?), n. [It.
granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of
granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum
grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.]
(Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting
of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish,
or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica
in planes, and therefor in being destitute of a schistose
structure.
Note under Mica.
<-- p. 645 -->
Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica
has traces of a regular arrangement. -- Graphic
granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar
without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the
transverse section like oriental characters. --
Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar
in distinct crystals. -- Hornblende granite, or
Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as
well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende
replacing the mica. -- Granite ware. (a)
A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of
ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.
Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
granitique.] 1. Like granite in composition,
color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic
texture.
2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic
mountains.
Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a.
Granitic.
Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] The act or the process of
forming into granite.
Humble.
Gra*nit"i*form (?), a.
[Granite + -form.]
(Geol.) Resembling granite in structure or
shape.
Gran"i*toid (?), a.
[Granite + -oid: cf. F.
granito\'8bde.] Resembling granite in
granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a
granitoid pavement.
Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F.
granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or
subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds.
<-- seed-eating.
not same as graminivorous? = feeding on grass or the seeds of
grass. latter is for beasts. -->
Gay.
Gran"nam (?), n. A
grandam. [Colloq.]
Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother;
a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.
Granny's bend, Granny's
knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot
or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.
Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L.
granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith
+ -ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used
for pavements.
Grant (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Granting.] [OE.
graunten, granten, OF. graanter,
craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL.
creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.)
credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p.
pr. of credere to believe. See Creed,
Credit.] 1. To give over; to make
conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; --
usually in answer to petition.
Grant me the place of this threshing floor.
1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.
2. To bestow or confer, with or without
compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to
give.
Wherefore did God grant me my request.
Milton.
3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily
proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.
Grant that the Fates have firmed by their
decree.
Dryden.
Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit;
allow; concede. See Give.
Grant, v. i. To assent; to
consent. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Grant, n. [OE. grant,
graunt, OF. graant, creant,
promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.]
1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring;
concession; allowance; permission.
2. The yielding or admission of something in
dispute.
3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a
boon.
4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed
or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by
the government; as, a grant of land or of
money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is
made.
grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term
grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real
property.
Bouvier. Burrill.
Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being granted.
Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law)
The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he
despises.
Burke.
Grant"er (?), n. One who
grants.
Grant"or (?), n. (Law)
The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.
Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
granulaire. See Granule.]
Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular
substance.
Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or
marble, having a granular structure.
Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a
granular form.
Gran"u*la*ry (?), a.
Granular.
Gran"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Granulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Granulating
(?).] [See Granule.]
1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to
granulate powder, sugar, or metal.
2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to
make rough on the surface.
Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be
formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates into
sugar.
{ Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted
(?), } a. 1. Consisting
of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular;
as, granulated sugar.
2. Having numerous small elevations, as
shagreen.
Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a
particular process beginning with the granulation of pig
iron.
Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
granulation.] 1. The act or
process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the
granulation of powder and sugar.
2. The state of being granulated.
3. (Med.) (a) One of the small,
red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of
wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of
healing. (b) The act or process of the
formation of such prominences.
Gran"ule (?), n. [L.
granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F.
granule. See Grain a kernel.] A
little grain a small particle; a pellet.
Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Granule + -ferous.] Full
of granulations.
Gra*nu"li*form (?), a.
[Granule + -form.]
(Min.) Having a granular structure; granular;
as, granuliform limestone.
Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From
Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish,
granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately
mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.
Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From
Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The
main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction
from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored
blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by
boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.
Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with
granular substances; granular.
Grape (?), n. [OF.
grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes,
F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG.
chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp.
The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf.
Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel,
Grapple.] 1. (Bot.) A
well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on
the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp,
and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for
making wine and raisins.
2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this
fruit; the grapevine.
3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a
horse.
4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.
Grape borer. (Zo\'94l.) See
Vine borer. -- Grape curculio
(Zo\'94l.), a minute black weevil (Craponius
in\'91qualis) which in the larval state eats the interior
of grapes. -- Grape flower, Grape
hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant
(Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in
a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus
(Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on
grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper
(Zo\'94l.), a Small yellow and red hemipterous
insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine.
-- Grape moth (Zo\'94l.), a small moth
(Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the
interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk.
-- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the
breech. -- Grape sugar. See
Glucose. -- Grape worm
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grape moth. --
Soar grapes, things which persons affect to
despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to
Grape" fruit`. The shaddock.
Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the
flavor of grapes.
Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or
inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.
Grape"shot` (?), n.
(Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of
small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular
plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central
connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon.
Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.
Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of
the grape.
Grape"vine` (?), n.
(Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus
Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves,
and bearing the fruit called grapes.
Vitis
vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety
is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante
currants. The northern Fox grape of the United
States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation,
has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox
grape, or Muscadine, is the V.
vulpina. The Frost grape is V.
cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens
after the early frosts.
-graph (/) [From Gr. gra`fein
to write. See Graphic.] A suffix signifying
something written, a writing; also, a
writer; as autograph, crystograph,
telegraph, photograph.
{ Graph"ic (?), Graph"ic*al
(?) }, a. [L.
graphicus, Gr. /, fr. / to write; cf. F.
graphique. See Graft.]
1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and
drawing.
2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.
3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or
lines.
The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works,
not graphical, or composed of letters.
Sir T. Browne.
4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly
described.
5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by,
clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic
writer.
Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which,
the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and
straight lines. -- Graphic arts, a name given
to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat
surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc.,
and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula.
(Chem.) See under Formula. --
Graphic granite. See under Granite.
-- Graphic method, the method of scientific
analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws
involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means
of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by
means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of
the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of
temperature. -- Graphical statics
(Math.), a branch of statics, in which the
magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by
straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See
Sylvanite.>
Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a
graphic manner; vividly.
{ Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, }
n. The quality or state of being graphic.
Graph"ics (?), n. The art or
the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical
rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.
Graph"i*scope (?), n. See
Graphoscope.
Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. / to
write: cf. F. graphite. See Graphic.]
(Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also
foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster,
and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils
(improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and
as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or
black lead.
Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic
battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other
exciting liquid.
Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.
Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; --
usually called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic
carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the
carbon which is present as graphite.
Raymond.
{ Graph"i*toid (?),
Graph"i*toid"al (?), } a.
Resembling graphite or plumbago.
Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. /
to write + -lite: cf. F.
grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable
to be written on.
Gra*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
to write + -logy: cf. F.
graphologie.] The art of judging of a
person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his
handwriting.
Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. /
to write + -scope.] An optical instrument
for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one
large lens and two smaller ones.
Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. /
to write + -type.] (Engraving) A
process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that
it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is
pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design
is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface
wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or
brushed, leaving the lines in relief.
-gra*phy (?). [Gr. /, fr. / write. See
Graphic.] A suffix denoting the art of
writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a
treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.
Grap"nel (?), n. [OE.
grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple
of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.]
(Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes
or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any
instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab;
-- written also grapline, and
crapnel.
Grap"ple (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grappled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling
(?).] [F. grappiller, OF.
graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper
to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See
Grape.] 1. To seize; to lay fast
hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an
antagonist.
2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join
indissolubly.
The gallies were grappled to the Centurion.
Hakluyt.
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel.
Shak.
Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to
contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple,
as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.
To grapple with, to enter into contest with,
resolutely and courageously.
And in my standard bear the arms of York,
To grapple with the house of Lancaster.
Shak.
Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v.
t., and cf. Crapple.] 1. A seizing or
seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.
Milton.
2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged
claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab.
(b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.
The iron hooks and grapples keen.
Spenser.
Grapple plant (Bot.), a South
African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum) having the
woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which
they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. --
Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a
projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a
ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called also
anchor shot.
Grapple*ment (?), n. A
grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- p. 646 -->
Grap"pling (?), n. 1.
A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is
seized and held, a grapnel.
2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in
fight, in grappling for the bear.
Dryden.
Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for
grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. --
Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering
oysters.
Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus
+ -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining
to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsid\'91. --
n. A grapsoid crab.
Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL,
Graptolithus, from Gr. / is engraved, written (/ to write) +
/ stone.] (Paleon.) One of numerous
species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus
Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian
rocks. They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina)
supposed to be hydroids.
Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a
graptolitic slate.
Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or
resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters.
Addison.
Grasp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grasper
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Qraspine.] [OE. graspen;
prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab,
Grope.] 1. To seize and hold by
clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take
possession of.
Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff.
Shak.
2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become
thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.
Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make
the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.
As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by
strength subdued.
Shak.
To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as,
Alexander grasped at universal empire,
Grasp, n. 1. A gripe or seizure
of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the
arms. \'bdThe grasps of love.\'b8
Shak.
2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing
and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.
3. Forcible possession; hold.
The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp.
Shak.
4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend
subjects and hold them under survey.
The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of
grasp, equal to their predecessors.
Z. Taylor.
5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.
Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being grasped.
Graap"er (?), n. One who grasps
or seizes; one who catches or holds.
Grasp"ing, a. 1. Seizing;
embracing; catching.
2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close;
miserly; as, he is a grasping man. --
Grasp"ing*ly, adv. --
Grasp"ing*ness, n.
Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp;
relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.
Coleridge.
Grass (?), n. [OE.
gras, gres, gers, AS,
qr/s, g/rs; akin to OFries.
gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth.
gras, Dan. gr/s, Sw. gr/s,
and prob. to Z. grcen, grow. Cf.
Graze.] 1. Popularly: Herbage; the
plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts;
pasture.
2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having
simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or
glumes in pairs, and the seed single.
3. The season of fresh grass; spring.
[Colloq.]
Two years old next grass.
Lathsm.
4. Metaphorically used for what is
transitory.
Surely the people is grass.
Is. xl. 7.
Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum
Grus-galli.
Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis,
several species.
Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon
Dactylon.
Black bent. Same as Switch grass
(below).
Blue bent, hay. North and West.
Andropogon provincialis.
Blue grass, pasture. Poa
compressa.
Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum
glaucum.
Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc.
(a) Buchlo\'89 dectyloides.
(b) Same as Grama grass (below).
<-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->
Bunch grass, grazing. Far West.
Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips,
etc.
Chess, Cheat,
a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc.
Couch grass. Same as Quick grass
(below).
Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A
weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b)
Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica.
Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed.
Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same
as Rye grass (below).
Drop seed, fair for forage and hay.
Muhlenbergia, several species.
English grass. Same as Redtop
(below).
Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and
hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist
land. Gryceria nervata.
Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum
dactyloides.
<-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in original,
but references are to "gramma" -->
Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope.
Bouteloua oligostachya, etc.
Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West.
Festuca scabrella.
Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum
jumentorum.
Herd's grass, in New England
Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South
Redtop.
Indian grass. Same as Wood grass
(below).
Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium
Italicum.
Johnson grass, grazing aud hay. South and
Southwest. Sorghum Halepense.
Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa
pratensis.
Lyme grass, coarse hay. South.
Elymus, several species.
Manna grass, pasture and hay.
Glyceria, several species.
Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca
elatior.
Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North.
Alopecurus pratensis.
Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn.
Poa, several species.
Mesquite,
grass. Same as Grama
grass (above).
<-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->
Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed.
Muhlenbergia diffsa.
Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis
glomerata.
Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep.
Northwest. Stipa spartea.
Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza
media and maxima.
Quitch, or Quick,
grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum
repens.
Ray grass. Same as Rye grass
(below).
Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis
vulgaris.
Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest.
Poa tenuifolia.
Reed canary grass, of slight value.
Phalaris arundinacea.
Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria
aquatica.
Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of
Reed canary grass.
Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium
perenne, var.
Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc.
North. Hierochloa borealis.
Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass
(above).
Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in
Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina.
Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay.
North. Deyeuxia Canadensis.
Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass
(above).
Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals.
Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum.
Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum
virgatum.
Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North.
Phleum pratense.
Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South.
Holcus lanatus.
Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn.
Anthoxanthum odoratum.
Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa
compressa.
Wood grass, Indian
grass, hay. Chrysopogon
nutans.
grass, goose grass, star grass,
etc.
Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus
Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt
hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass,
the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.--
Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus
Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species
is P. palustris; in the United States there are
several species. -- Grass bass
(Zo\'94l.), the calico bass. -- Grass
bird, the dunlin. -- Grass cloth, a
cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant.
-- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the
Nettle family (B\'d2hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea),
which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has
fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. --
Grass finch. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
common American sparrow (Po\'94c\'91tes gramineus);
-- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged
bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus
Po\'89phila, of which several species are known.
-- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on
pasture land and giving rich milk.-- Grass land,
land kept in grass and not tilled. -- Grass
moth (Zo\'94l.), one of many small moths of
the genus Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass
oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in
India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; --
used in perfumery under the name of
citronella, ginger grass
oil, lemon grass oil,
essence of verbena etc. -- Grass
owl (Zo\'94l.), a South African owl
(Strix Capensis). -- Grass parrakeet
(Zo\'94l.), any of several species of Australian
parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to
the zebra parrakeet. -- Grass plover
(Zo\'94l.), the upland or field plover. --
Grass poly (Bot.), a species of
willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia).
Johnson. -- Crass quit
(Zo\'94l.), one of several tropical American
finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of
the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.--
Grass snake. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus
natrix). (b) The common green snake of
the Northern United States. See Green snake, under
Green. -- Grass snipe
(Zo\'94l.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa
maculata) -- called also jacksnipe in
America. -- Grass spider (Zo\'94l.),
a common spider (Agelena n\'91via), which spins
flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. --
Grass sponge (Zo\'94l.), an inferior
kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. --
Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth
table, under Earth. -- Grass
vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus
Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. -- Grass
widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G.
strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr\'84senka
a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is
a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman
separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a
woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.]
-- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. --
To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise,
as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To put
to grass, To put out to grass, to put
out to graze a season, as cattle.
Grass (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grassed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grassing.] 1. To cover with
grass or with turf.
2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching,
etc.
3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land;
as, to grass a fish. [Colloq.]
Grass (?), v. i. To produce
grass. [R.] Tusser>/au>.
Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A
wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting.
[Obs. & R.]
Feltham.
Grass"-green` (?), a. 1.
Green with grass.
2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid
green.
Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown
with grass; as, a grass-grown road.
Grass"hop`per (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of
the families Acridid\'91 and Locustid\'91.
The species and genera are very numerous. The former family
includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus
spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the
region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the
red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C.
atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are
less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts
of the Old World. See Locust.
<-- atlanis in original. Atlantis? -->
Locustid\'91. They have long antenn\'91, large
ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in
the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta
viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American
green species mostly belong to Xiphidium,
Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.
2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London
make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken
out and replaced with the key; -- called also the
hopper.
Grove.
Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a
working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at
the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate
point. -- Grasshopper lobster
(Zo\'94l.) a young lobster. [Local, U.
S.] -- Grasshopper warbler
(Zo\'94l.), cricket bird.
Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From
Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass; a grassy
state.
Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass.
Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or
space covered with grass; a lawn. \'bdHere on this
grassplot.\'b8
Shak.
Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.)
(a) An Australian plant of the genus
Xanthorrh\'d2a, having a thick trunk crowned with a
dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of
which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower
spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are
often called \'bdblackboys\'b8 from the large trunks denuded and
blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called
Botany-bay gum, and Gum
Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian
plant (Kingia australis).
Grass"y (?) a. 1.
Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy
lawn.
Spenser.
2. Resembling grass; green.
Grate (?), a. [L. gratus
agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf.
Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Herbert.
Grate, n. [LL.. grata, fr. L. crates
hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate,
Hurdle.] 1. A structure or frame containing
parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework,
such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters.
\'bdA secret grate of iron bars.\'b8
Shak.
2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars,
for holding fuel while burning.
Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the
area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the
furnace.
Grate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n.
Grating.] To furnish with grates; to
protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a
window.
Grate, v. t. [OF grater to
scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare,
cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG.
chrazz G. kratzen, D.
krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E.
scratch.] 1. To rub roughly or
harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound;
as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh
sound) by rubbing.
On their hinges grate
Harsh thunder.
Milton.
2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with
anything rough or indented; as, to grate a
nutmeg.
3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.
News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me.
Shak.
Grate, v. i. 1. To make a harsh
sound by friction.
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned,
Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree.
Shak.
2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard
rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To
produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression
or importunity.
This grated harder upon the hearts of men.
South.
<-- p. 647 this page badly done
-- in need of careful proofing -->
Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d
Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating;
as, grated windows.
Grate"ful (?), a.
[Grate, a. + full; cf. F.
gr\'82 thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum,
neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See
Grate, a.] 1. Having a
due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from
whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay,
or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful
heart.
A grateful mind
By owing, owes not, but still pays.
Milton.
2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses;
gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food
grateful to the palate; grateful
sleep.
Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,
And grateful clusters swell.
Pope.
Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying;
agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.
-- Grate"ful*ly, adv. --
Grate"ful*ness, n.
Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate,
v.] One who, or that which, grates; especially, an
instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing
off small particles of any substance; as a grater
for nutmegs.
Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F.
graticulation, craticulation, fr.
graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr.
graticule, craticule, graticule, L.
craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See
2d Grate.] The division of a design or
draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in
larger or smaller dimensions.
Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See
Graticulation.] A design or draught which has
been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other
dimensions.
Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.] 1. The
act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or
the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate,
of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the
heart.
2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction;
enjoyment; fruition: delight.
3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity.
Bp. Morton.
Glat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased;
indulged according to desire.
Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad.
Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who
gratifies or pleases.
Grat"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gratified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying
(#).] [F. gratifier, L.
gratificari; gratus pleasing +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to
soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the
appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.
For who would die to gratify a foe?
Dryden.
2. To requite; to recompense.
[Obs.]
It remains . . .
To gratify his noble service.
Shak.
Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite;
recompense. -- To Gratify,
Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the
generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure
communicated. To indulge a person implies that we
concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could
not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To
humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and,
perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by
showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him
in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor
him when he is tired and exacting.
Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d
Grate.] 1. A partition, covering, or frame of
parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate;
as, the grating of a prison or convent.
2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and
parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a
polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; --
called also diffraction grating.
3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to
cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice
used for the flooring of boats.
Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub
harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound;
harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.
Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by
attrition.
Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) One of the essential principles of the
hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).
Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr.
fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without
recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See
Grace.] For nothing; without fee or
recompense; freely; gratuitously.
Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F.
gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from
gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate,
a.] The state of being grateful; warm and
friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a
favor received; thankfulness.
The debt immense of endless gratitude.
Milton.
Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L.
gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See
Grate, a., Gratis.]
1. Given without an equivalent or recompense;
conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or
without claim or merit; not required by justice.
We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for
the fruits of our own industry.
L'Estrange.
2. Not called for by the circumstances; without
reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good
ground; as, a gratuitous assumption.
Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation.
De Quincye.
-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.
Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Gtratuities (#). [F.
gratuit\'82, or LL. gratuitas.]
1. Something given freely or without recompense; a
free gift; a present.
Swift.
2. Something voluntarily given in return for a
favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.
<-- usually money. In particular, the money given to a waiter,
cab driver, bellhop, etc. as a reward for good service = tip -->
Grat"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grqatulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating
(?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p.
of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus
pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.]
To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate.
[R.]
Shak.
Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of
gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate.
Shak.
Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating;
congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations.
South.
Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy;
congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes.
Bp. Horsley.
Graunt (?), v. & n.
[Obs.] See Grant.
Chaucer.
\'d8Grau"wack*e (?), n.
[G.] Graywacke.
\'d8Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L.
Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens
(#). [L., fr. gravare to load,
burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave,
a.] (Law) The grievance
complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in
general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.
-grave (?). A final syllable signifying a
ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See Margrave.
Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To
clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay
it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or
greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Grave, a. [Compar.
Graver (gr; superl.
Gravest.] [F., fr. L. gravis
heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See
Grief.] 1. Of great weight; heavy;
ponderous. [Obs.]
His shield grave and great.
Chapman.
2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential;
sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as,
grave deportment, character, influence, etc.
Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors.
Shak.
A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity.
Milton.
3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as,
a grave color; a grave face.
4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; --
said of sound; as, a grave note or key.
The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is
the note or tone.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement.
Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under
Accent, n., 2.
Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure;
thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important.
-- Grave, Sober, Serious,
Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all
exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to [gay] or
[flighty]; as, sober thought.
Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is
opposed to [jocose] or [sportive]; as,
serious and important concerns. Grave
denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the
pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to
[hilarity] of feeling or [vivacity] of manner;
as, a qrave remark; qrave attire.
Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is
carried to its highest point; as, a solemn
admonition; a solemn promise.
Grave, v. t. [imp.
Graved (gr; p. p.
Graven (gr or Graved;
p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.]
[AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to
OFries. greva, D. graven, G.
graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan.
grabe, Sw. gr, Icel.
grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to
write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n.,
Grove, n.]
1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He hath graven and digged up a pit.
Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).
2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some
hard substance; to engrave.
Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them
the names of the children of Israel.
Ex. xxviii. 9.
3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a
chisel; to sculpture; as, to grave an
image.
With gold men may the hearte grave.
Chaucer.
4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix
indelibly.
O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
Prior.
5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
Shak.
Grave, v. i. To write or delineate on
hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice
engraving.
Grave, n. [AS. gr?f, fr.
grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf, G.
grab, Icel. gr\'94f, Russ. grob'
grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.] An
excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of
interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days.
John xi. 17.
Grave wax, adipocere.
Grave"clothes` (/), n. pl.
The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.
Grave"dig`ger (?), n. 1.
A digger of graves.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Burying
beetle, under Bury, v. t.
Grav"el (?), n. [OF.
gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore,
strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W.
gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr.
gr stone.] 1. Small
stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often
intermixed with particles of sand.
2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous
concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also,
the disease of which they are a symptom.
Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble
powder.
Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Graveling or
Gravelling.]
1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a
walk.
2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to
run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.
When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they
graveled the ship.
Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).
Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be
graveled; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the
sand that he fell to the ground.
Camden.
3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to
perplex. [Colloq.]
When you were graveled for lack of matter.
Shak.
The physician was so graveled and amazed withal,
that he had not a word more to say.
Sir T. North.
4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged
between the shoe and foot.
Grave"less (?), a. Without a
grave; unburied.
Grav"el*ing (?), or
Grav"el*ling, n. 1. The
act of covering with gravel.
2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path,
etc.).
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling,
n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon one or two
years old, before it has gone to sea.
Grav"el*li*ness (?), n. State
of being gravelly.
Grav"el*ly (?), a. Abounding
with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly
soil.
Grav"el-stone" (?), n. A
pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.
Grave"ly (?), adv. In a grave
manner.
Grav"en (?), p. p. of
Grave, v. t. Carved.
Graven image, an idol; an object of worship
carved from wood, stone, etc. \'bdThou shalt not make unto thee
any graven image.\'b8 Ex. xx. 4.
Grave"ness, n. The quality of being
grave.
His sables and his weeds,
Importing health and graveness.
Shak.
Gra"ven*stein" (?), n. [So
called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig.
Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of
deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.
Gra*ve"o*lence (?), n. [L.
graveolentia: cf. F. grav\'82olence. See
Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell;
rancidity. [R.] Bailey.
Gra*ve"o*lent (?), a. [L.
graveolens; gravis heavy + olere
to smell.] Having a rank smell. [R.]
Boyle.
Graver (?), n. 1. One
who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te
cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.
2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.
Grav"er*y (?), n. The act,
process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing.
Holland.
Graves (?), n. pl. The sediment
of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.
Graves"' dis*ease" (?). [So called after
Dr. Graves, of Dublin.] Same as
Basedow's disease.
Grave"stone (?), n. A stone
laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription,
to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.
Grave"yard" (?), n. A yard or
inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.
Grav"ic (?), a. Pertaining to,
or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces;
gravic attraction. [R.]
Grav"id (?), a. [L.
gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See
Grave, a.] Being with child; heavy
with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid uterus;
gravid piety. \'bd His gravid
associate.\'b8 Sir T. Herbert.
Grav"i*da"ted (?), a. [L.
gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load,
impregnate. See Gravid.] Made pregnant; big.
[Obs.] Barrow.
Grav"i*da"tion (?), n.
Gravidity. [Obs.]
Gra*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
graviditas.] The state of being gravidated;
pregnancy. [R.]
Grav"i*grade (?), a. [L. gravis
heavy + gradus step.] (Zo\'94l.)
Slow-paced. -- n. One of the
pachyderms.
Gra*vim"e*ter (?), n. [L.
gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F.
gravim\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for
ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.
Grav"i*met"ric (?), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by
weight; measured by weight. --
Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#),
adv.
Gravimetric analysis (Chem.),
analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are
determined by weight; -- in distinction from volumetric
analysis.
Grav"ing (?), n. [From Grave to
clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.
Graving dock. (Naut.) See under
Dock.
Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.]
l. The act or art of carving figures in hard
substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved.
[R.]
Skillful to . . . grave any manner of
graving.
2 Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
New gravings upon their souls.
Eikon Basilike
Grav"i*tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gravitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gravitating
(?).] [Cf. F. graviter. See
Gravity.] To obey the law of gravitation; to
exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence
of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any
object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies
gravitate toward each other.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the
stronger party.
Macaulay.
Grav"i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
gravitation. See Gravity.] 1. The act of
gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by
which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend
toward each other; called also attraction of
gravitation, universal gravitation,
and universal gravity. See
Attraction, and Weight.
Law of gravitatian, that law in accordance
with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or
portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a
force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they
contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances.
Grav`i*tation*al (?), a.
(Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of
gravity; as, gravitational units.
Gravi*ta*tive (?), a. Causing
to gravitate; tending to a center.
Coleridge.
Grav"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Gravities (#). [L.
gravitas, fr. gravis heavy; cf. F.
gravit\'82. See Grave, a.,
Grief.] 1. The state of having
weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of
lead.
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. \'bdMen
of gravity and learning.\'b8<
Shak.
<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof
- especially italicized words (aso in etymologies) are not
properly marked-->
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an
offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered.
Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of
matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a
body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial
gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to
acuteness.
Center of gravity See under
Center. -- Gravity battery, See
Battery, n., 4. -- Specific
gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and
liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of
gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen
times as heavy as water.
Gra"vy (?), n; pl.
Gravies (#). [OE. greavie; prob.
fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See
Greaves.] 1. The juice or other
liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a
dressing for the food when served up.
2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables,
etc.
Gray (?), a.
[Compar. Grayer (/);
superl. Grayest.] [OE. gray,
grey, AS. gr?g, gr?g; akin to D. graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan.
graa, Dw. gr?, Icel. grdr.] [Written also
grey.] 1. White mixed with
black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair
whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft
gray eye of a dove.
These gray and dun colors may be also produced by
mixing whites and blacks.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color;
hoary.
3. Old; mature; as, gray experience.
Ames.
Gray antimony (Min.),
stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zo\'94l.),
the chickara. -- Gray cobalt
(Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper
(Min.), tetrahedrite. -- Gray duck
(Zo\'94l.), the gadwall; also applied to the
female mallard. -- Gray falcon
(Zo\'94l.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray
Friar. See Franciscan, and
Friar. -- Gray hen
(Zo\'94l.), the female of the blackcock or black
grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or
millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of
the genus Lithospermum; gromwell. -- Gray
mullet (Zo\'94l.) any one of the numerous
species of the genus Mugil, or family
Mugilid, found both in the Old World and America;
as the European species (M. capito, and M.
auratus), the American striped mullet (M.
albula), and the white or silver mullet (M.
Braziliensis). See Mullet. -- Gray
owl (Zo\'94l.), the European tawny or brown
owl (Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula
cinerea) inhabits arctic America. -- Gray
parrot (Zo\'94l.), a parrot (Psittacus
erithacus), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its
aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike.
(Zo\'94l.) See Sauger. -- Gray
snapper (Zo\'94l.), a Florida fish; the sea
lawyer. See Snapper. -- Gray snipe
(Zo\'94l.), the dowitcher in winter plumage.
-- Gray whale (Zo\'94l.), a rather
large and swift California whale (Rhachianectes
glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; --
called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.
Gray, n. 1. A gray color; any
mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish
tint.
2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a
badger, or a kind of salmon.
Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day.
That coats thy life, my gallant gray.
Sir W. Scott.
Gray"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The California gray
whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or
knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d)
The body louse.
Gray"beard` (?), n. An old
man.
Shak.
Gray"fly` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The trumpet fly.
Milton.
Gray"hound` (-hound`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Greyhound.
Gray"ish, a. Somewhat gray.
Gray"lag` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common wild gray goose (Anser
anser) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the
domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose.
Gray"ling (?), n. [From
Gray, a.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A European fish (Thymallus
vulgaris), allied to the trout, but having a very broad
dorsal fin; -- called also umber. It inhabits
cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.
And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling.
Tennyson.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish of the
genus Thymallus, having similar habits to the above;
one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several streams
in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the
Yellowstone region.
Gray"ness, n. The quality of being
gray.
Gtray"stone` (?), n.
(Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock,
composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.
Gray"wacke` (?), n. [G.
grauwacke; grau gray + wacke
wacke. See Gray, and Wacke, and cf.
Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate
or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united
together.
grauwacke of
German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits
and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom
used.
Graze (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Grazed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grazing.] [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. gr?s grass.
See Grass.] 1. To feed or supply (cattle,
sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.
A field or two to graze his cows.
Swift.
2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat
grass from (a pasture); to browse.
The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant
mead.
Pope.
3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.
When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep.
Shak.
4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing)
in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.
Graze, v. i. 1. To eat grass;
to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the
meadows.
2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground
cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose.
Bacon.
3. To touch something lightly in passing.
Graze, n. 1. The act of
grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]
Turning him out for a grace on the common.
T. Hughes.
2. A light touch; a slight scratch.
Graz"er (?), n. One that
grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.
The cackling goose,
Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want.
J. Philips.
Gra"zier (?), n. One who
pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than
plowmen.
Stow.
Graz"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who, or that which, grazes.
2. A pasture; growing grass.
\'d8Gra"zi*o"so (?), adv. [It.,
adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.) Gracefully;
smoothly; elegantly.
Gre (?), n. See Gree,
a step. [Obs.]
Gre, n. See Gree, good
will. [Obs.]
Grease (gres), n. [OE. grese,
grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus
thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf.
Crass.] 1. Animal fat, as tallow or
lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of
any kind.
2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's
heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and
producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration,
and fungous excrescences.
Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as
Grease wood (below). -- Grease moth
(Zo\'94l.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa
pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc. --
Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted,
and somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus)
of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the
upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other
plants of the same family, as several species of
Atriplex and Obione.
Grease (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd
or gresd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Greasing.]
1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat;
to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.
2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.
The greased advocate that grinds the poor.
Dryden.
3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the
disease.
To grease in the hand, to corrupt by
bribes.
Usher.
Greas"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person
employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines,
carriages, etc.
2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a
Mexican of the lowest type. [Low, U. S.]
Greas"i*ly (?), adv.
1. In a greasy manner.
2. In a gross or indelicate manner.
[Obs.]
You talk greasily; your lips grow foul.
Shak.
Greas"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.
Greas"y (?), a. [Compar.
Greasier (/); superl. Greasiest.] 1.
Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous;
as, a greasy dish.
2. Smeared or defiled with grease.
With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers.
Shak.
3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous
to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.
4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.]
Shak.
5. Gross; indelicate; indecent.
[Obs.]
Marston.
6. (Far.) Affected with the disease
called grease; as, the heels of a horse. See
Grease, n., 2.
Great (?), a.
[Compar. Greater (/);
superl. Greatest.] [OE.
gret, great, AS. gre?t; akin to OS. & LG.
gr?t, D. groot, OHG. gr?z, G.
gross. Cf. Groat the coin.] 1.
Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous;
expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a
great house, ship, farm, plain, distance,
length.
2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great
company, multitude, series, etc.
3. Long continued; lengthened in duration;
prolonged in time; as, a great while; a
great interval.
4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to
thoughts, actions, and feelings.
5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly
gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful;
mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius,
philosopher, etc.
6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty:
eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; as, great
men; the great seal; the great marshal,
etc.
He doth object I am too great of birth.
Shak.
7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty;
important; as, a great argument, truth, or
principle.
8. Pregnant; big (with young).
The ewes great with young.
Ps. lxxviii. 71.
9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable
in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in
great pain.
We have all
Great cause to give great thanks.
Shak.
10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by
single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one
degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as,
great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father),
great-grandson, etc.
Great bear (Astron.), the constellation
Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all
manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. --
Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta.
-- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of
which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great
circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on
a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two
places. -- Great go, the final examination for a
degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also
greats. T. Hughes. -- Great
guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes
the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron,
Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the
United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand
master, under Grand. -- Great organ
(Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand
organ (the others being the choir organ and the
swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or
foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has
the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe),
in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria,
Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under
Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the
complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of
musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea,
the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the
Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal.
(a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state.
(b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is
custodian of this seal); also, his office.<-- #sp in
original, "Britain" was "Britian" --> -- Great tithes.
See under Tithes. -- The great, the
eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great
Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief
or principal deity. -- To be great (with one),
to be intimate or familiar (with him).
Bacon.
Great (?), n. The whole.; the
gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the
great.
Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having
a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming.
Shak.
Great"coat" (?), n. An
overcoat.
Great"en (?), v. t. To make
great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to
expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt
[his king].
Ken.
Great"en, v. i. To become large; to
dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass.
Mrs. Browning.
Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The
child of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n.
[See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's
grandson or granddaughter.
Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n.
[See Great, 10.] The father of one's
grandfather or grandmother.
Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n.
The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.
Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See
Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or
granddaughter.
Great"-heart`ed (?), a. 1.
High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.]
Clarendon.
2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.
Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of
being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.
Great"ly, adv. 1. In a great
degree; much.
I will greatly multiply thy sorrow.
Gen. iii. 16.
2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.
By a high fate thou greatly didst expire.
Dryden.
Great"ness, n. [AS.
gre\'a0tnes.] 1. The state,
condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness
of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.
2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not
aboard your ships.
Bacon.
Greave (?), n. A grove.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Greave, n. [OF. greees; cf. Sp.
grevas.] Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually
in the plural.
Greave, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Greaved (gr; p. pr. &
vb. n. Greaving.] [From
Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's
bottom); to grave.
Greaves (gr, n. pl.
[Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG.
greven, G. griebe, also AS.
greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The
sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food.
In Scotland it is called cracklings.
[Written also graves.]
Grebe (gr, n. [F.
gr?be, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to
kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So
called in allusion to the crest of one species.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several swimming birds or
divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly
Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern
parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp
bills, and lobate toes.
Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf.
Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece;
Greek.
Grecian bend, among women, an affected
carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward.
[Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See
Greek fire, under Greek.
Gre"cian, n. 1. A native or
naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.
2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist.
Acts vi. 1.
Grecian in the
Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated
Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.
6. One well versed in the Greek language,
literature, or history.
De Quincey.
Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F.
gr\'82cisme.] An idiom of the Greek
language; a Hellenism.
Addison.
<-- p. 649 most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as"
sections (italics not marked) -->
Gre"cize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grecized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grecizing.] [Cf. F.
gr\'82ciser.] 1. To render
Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to
take a Greek form; as, the name is
Grecized.
T. Warton.
2. To translate into Greek.
Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize
(/), v. i. To conform to the
Greek custom, especially in speech.
Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having
characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as,
Greco-Roman architecture.
\'d8Grecque (gr, n.
[F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin,
esp. a fret or meander,
Gree (?), n. [F.
gr\'82. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]
1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; --
used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept
in gree; that is, to take favorably.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke.
Fairfax.
2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or
Scot.]
Chaucer.
He is a shepherd great in gree.
Spnser.
3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear
the gree, i. e., to carry off the
prize. [Obs. or Scot.]
Chaucer.
Gree, v. i. [From Agree.]
To agree. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Gree, n.; pl. Grees
(gr; obs. plurals Greece
(gr Grice (gr?s or gr?s),
Grise, Grize (gr?z or gr?z),
etc. [OF. gr\'82, F. grade. See
Grade.] A step.
Greece (?), n. pl. See
Gree a step. [Obs.]
Greed (?), n. [Akin to Goth.
gr?dus hunger, Icel. gr. Greedy.] An eager desire or longing;
greediness; as, a greed of gain.
Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy
manner.
Greed"i*ness, n. [AS gr?dignes.]
The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish
desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness.
Shak.
Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.
Greed"y (?), a.
[Compar. Greedier
(-; superl.
Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS.
gr?dig, gr?dig; akin to D.
gretig, OS. gr?dag, OHG. gr?tag,
Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig,
gr?dig, Icel. gra?ugr, Goth.
gr?dags greedy, gr?d?n to be hungry; cf.
Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]
1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink;
ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a
lion that is greedy of his prey.
2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently
desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of
gain.
Greed"y-gut" (?), n. A
glutton. [Low]
Todd.
Gree"gree" (?), n. An African
talisman or Gri'gri' charm.
A greegree man, an African magician or fetich
priest.
Greek (?), a. [AS.
grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F.
grec. Cf. Grecian.] Of or
pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.
Greek calends. See under Calends. --
Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern
Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman
or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great
bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the
established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek
Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine
Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust.
(10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See
Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a
combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents
of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur.
Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower
campion.
Greek, n. 1. A native, or one
of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of
Greece.
2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat.
[Slang]
Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . .
. offer many chances for the Greek.
Sat. Rev.
3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all
Greek to me. [Colloq.]
Greek"ess (?), n. A female
Greek. [R.]
Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS.
Gr.] Peculiar to Greece.
Greek"ling (?), n. A little
Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions.
B. Jonson.
Green (?), a.
[Compar. Greener (/);
superl. Greenest.] [OE.
grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D.
groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni,
G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel.
gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See
Grow.] 1. Having the color of grass
when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar
spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant;
emerald.
2. Having a sickly color; wan.
To look so green and pale.
Shak.
3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new;
recent; as, a green manhood; a green
wound.
As valid against such an old and beneficent government as
against . . . the greenest usurpation.
Burke.
4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened;
as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.
5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]
We say the meat is green when half roasted.
L. Watts.
6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not
trained; awkward; as, green in years or
judgment.
I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that
its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.
Sir W. Scott.
7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural
juices; as, green wood, timber, etc.
Shak.
Green brier (Bot.), a thorny
climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a
yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of
flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat
brier. -- Green con
(Zo\'94l.), the pollock. -- Green
crab (Zo\'94l.), an edible, shore crab
(Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New
England locally named joe-rocker. --
Green crop, a crop used for food while in a
growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root
crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.)
(a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene.
(b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon
(Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant
(Aris\'91ma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip;
-- called also dragon root. -- Green
earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found
in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a
pigment by artists; -- called also mountain
green. -- Green ebony. (a)
A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia),
having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work,
and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green
ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire
(Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a
green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with
some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of
the flame is due. -- Green fly
(Zo\'94l.), any green species of plant lice or
aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. --
Green gage, (Bot.) See
Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green
gland (Zo\'94l.), one of a pair of large
green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They
have their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn\'91. --
Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.]
-- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a
lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America,
used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and
Guiana is the Nectandra Rodi\'d2i, that of Martinique
is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron
ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green
laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva
latissima); -- called also green
sloke. -- Green lead ore
(Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green
linnet (Zo\'94l.), the greenfinch. --
Green looper (Zo\'94l.), the
cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.),
serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate
of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. --
Green monkey (Zo\'94l.) a West African
long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very
commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced
into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become
very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus
(Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt,
consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of
platinum. -- Green sand (Founding)
molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not
dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea
(Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a
vessel's deck. -- Green sickness
(Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake
(Zo\'94l.), one of two harmless American snakes
(Cyclophis vernalis, and C. \'91stivus).
They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle
(Zo\'94l.), an edible marine turtle. See
Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a)
(Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green
crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation
of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.)
Same as copperas,
melanterite and sulphate of
iron. -- Green ware, articles of
pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green
woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), a common European
woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also
yaffle.
Green (gren), n. 1.
The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum
intermediate between the yellow and the blue.
2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground
covered with verdant herbage; as, the village
green.
O'er the smooth enameled green.
Milton.
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other
plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural.
In that soft season when descending showers
Call forth the greens, and wake the rising
flowers.
Pope.
4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as
spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for
food.
5. Any substance or pigment of a green color.
Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali
salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye,
resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia
green.-- Berlin green.
(Chem.) See under Berlin. --
Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex
aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. --
Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. --
Chrome green. See under Chrome. --
Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex
basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green
crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and
mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also
aldehyde green, acid green,
malachite green, Victoria
green, solid green, etc. It is
usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an
oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). --
Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment
employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting
essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl
green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline
dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow
luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral
green. See under Mineral. --
Mountain green. See Green earth,
under Green, a. -- Paris
green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder,
consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate
and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a
pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but
particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; --
called also Schweinfurth green,
imperial green, Vienna
green, emerald qreen, and
mitis green. -- Scheele's
green (Chem.), a green pigment,
consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called
also Swedish green. It may enter into various
pigments called parrot green, pickel
green, Brunswick green,
nereid green, or emerald
green.
Green, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb.
n. Greening.] To make
green.
Great spring before
Greened all the year.
Thomson.
<-- THe Greening of America [Reich] -->
Green, v. i. To become or grow
green.
Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood.
Whittier.
Green"back" (?), n. One of the
legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862,
and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to
prevent alterations and counterfeits.
Green"back"er (?), n. One of
those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the
resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]
Green"bone (?), n. [So named
because the bones are green when boiled.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any garfish
(Belone or Tylosurus). (b)
The European eelpout.
Green"-broom` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista
(G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also
greenweed.
Green"cloth` (-kl, n.
A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting
house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord
steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of
justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and
keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two
hundred yards beyond the gatees.
Green"er*y (?), n. Green
plants; verdure.
A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in
greenery.
J. Ingelow.
Green"-eyed (?), a. 1.
Having green eyes.
2. Seeing everything through a medium which
discolors or distorts. \'bdGreen-eyed
jealousy.\'b8
Shak.
Green"finch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) 1. A European finch
(Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green
bird, green linnet, green
grosbeak, green olf,
greeny, and peasweep.
2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra
rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green,
with four rufous stripes on the head.
Green"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bluefish, and
Pollock.
Green"gage` (?), n.
(Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish
shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in
France Reine Claude, after the queen of
Francis I. See Gage.
Green"gill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An oyster which has the gills tinged
with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of
the blood.
Green"gro`cer (?), n. A
retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green
state.
Green"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The mallard.
(b) The striped bass. See Bass.
{ Green"head (?), Green"hood
(?), } n. A state of greenness;
verdancy.
Chaucer.
Green"horn` (?), n. A raw,
inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon.
W. Irving.
Green"house` (?), n. A house in
which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the
weather.
Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of
several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the
best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent
keeping quality.
Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a
tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. --
Green"ish*ness, n.
Green"land*er (?), n. A native
of Greenland.
Green"-leek` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Australian parrakeet
(Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also the
scarlet-breasted parrot.
Green"let (?), n. l.
(Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of small American
singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or
blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love
(V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V.
gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V.
flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.
2. (Zo\'94l,) Any species of Cyclorhis,
a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.
Green"ly, adv. With a green color;
newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of
a green color. [Obs.]
Green"ness, n. [AS. gr?nnes.
See Green.] 1. The quality of being
green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of
grass, or of a meadow.
2. Freshness; vigor; newness.
3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the
greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the
greenness of youth.
Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named
after Lord Greenock.] (Min.)
Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow
hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.
Green"room` (grn. The
retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.
Green"sand` (-s/nd`), n.
(Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually
imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a
silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and
a trace of phosphate of lime.
marl,
because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the
American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.
Green"shank` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European sandpiper or snipe
(Totanus canescens); -- called also greater
plover.
Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall
at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.
Green"stone` (gr,
n. [So called from a tinge of green in the
color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied
rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including
diorite, diabase, etc.
Green"sward` (-sward') n. Turf
green with grass.
Greenth (gr, n. [Cf.
Growth.] The state or quality of being green;
verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer.
G. Eliot.
Green"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Greenbroom.
Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as
it appears is spring and summer.
Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a
greenwood; as, a greenwood shade.
Dryden.
Greet (?), a. Great.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS.
gr?tan, gr?lan; akin to Icel.
grata, Sw. gi?ta, Dan. gr?de,
Goth. gr?ctan; cf. Skr. hr?d to sound,
roar. To weep; to cry; to lament.
[Obs. or Scot.] [Written also
greit.]
Spenser.
Greet, n. Mourning.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Greet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Greeting.] [OE. greten, AS.
gr?tan to address, approach; akin to OS.
gr/tian, LG\'3e gr\'94ten, D.
groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G.
gr\'81ssen. 1. To
address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to
salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay
respects or compliments to, either personally or through the
intervention of another, or by writing or token.
My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet
you.
Shak.
2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that
makes the heart glad.
In vain the spring my senses greets.
Addison.
3. To accost; to address.
Pope.
<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other
italics are not marked -->
Greet (?), v. i. To meet and
give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And
sleep in peace.
Shak.
Greet, n. Greeting.
[Obs.]
F. Beaumont.
Greet"er (?), n. One who greets
or salutes another.
Greet"er, n. One who weeps or
mourns. [Obs.]
Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or
joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.
Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings.
Shak.
Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.
Greeve (?), n. See
Grieve, an overseer.
Greeze (?), n. A step. See
Gree, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is
this.
Latimer.
Gref"fi*er (?), n. [F., from
LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L.
graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a
record office. See Graft, and cf.
Graffer.] A registrar or recorder; a
notary. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Gre"gal (?), a. [L. gregalis,
fr. grex, gregis, herd.] Pertaining to, or like, a
flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse.
W. S. Mayo.
Gre*ga"ri*an (?), a.
Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort;
common. [Obs.] \'bdThe gregarian
soldiers.\'b8
Howell.
\"d8Greg`a*ri"n\"91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L.
gregarius. See Gregarious.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Protozoa, allied to the
Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm,
lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body
inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the
young stages, they are am\'d2biform; -- called also
Gregarinida, and
Gregarinaria.
Greg"a*rine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Gregarin\'91. -- n. One of the
Gregarin\'91.
\"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da (?)
Gregarin\'91.
Gre*ga"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
gregarius, fr. grex, gregis,
herd; cf. Gr. / to assemble, Skr. jar to approach.
Cf. Congregate, Egregious.]
Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to
flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living
alone. Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious.
Ray.
<-- 2. (of people) enjoying companionship; sociable; not
solitary.
3. (of plants) growing in clusters. -->
-- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.
Grege (?), Greg"ge
(/), v. t. [OE. gregier to
burden.] To make heavy; to increase.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
{ Greg"goe (?), Gre"go
(?), } n. [Prob. fr, It.
Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg.
Grego.] A short jacket or cloak, made of
very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the
Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also
griego.]
Gre*go"ri*an (?), a. [NL.
Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. /: cf. F.
gr\'82gorien.] Pertaining to, or originated
by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of
that name.
Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed
by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting
the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar,
and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable
feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year
(below). -- Gregorian chant
(Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of
unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes,
as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called \'bdthe
Great\'b8) in the 6th century. -- Gregorian
modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the
Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian,
Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope
(Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from
Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in
1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope,
having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector,
transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole
in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. --
Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according
to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current
reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100
aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See
Bissextile, and Note under Style, n.,
7.
Greil"lade (?), n.
(Metal.) Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for
reduction by the Catalan process.
Grei"sen (?), n. (Min.)
A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in
the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.
Greit (?), v. i. See
Greet, to weep.
Greith (?), v. t. [Icel.
grct?a: cf. AS. ger?dan to arrange; pref.
ge- + r/de ready. Cf.
Ready.] To make ready; -- often used
reflexively. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Greith, n. [Icel. grci?i. See
Greith, v.] Goods;
furniture. [Obs.] See
Graith.
Gre"mi*al (?), a. [L. gremium
lap, bosom.] Of or pertaining to the lap or
bosom. [R.]
Gre"mi*al, n. 1. A bosom
friend. [Obs.]
Fuller.
2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with
gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in
celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.
Gre*nade" (?), n. [F.
grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp.
granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the
resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet,
Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.]
(Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with
powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown
from the hand among enemies.
Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of
iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter,
to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches,
covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach.
(b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a
glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the
flames. Called also fire grenade.
Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes,
which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a
trough.
Gren`a*dier" (?), n. [F.
grenadier. See Grenade.] 1.
(Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw
grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment
or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a
peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment
or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon
I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the
British army, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine fish of the
genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a
point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also
onion fish, and rat-tail
fish.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored South
African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back
red and the lower parts black.
Gren`a*dil"lo (?), n. [Sp.
granadillo.] A handsome tropical American wood, much
used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also
Grenada cocos, or cocus,
and red ebony.
Gren`a*dine" (?), n. [F.]
1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for
women's wear.
2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting
essentially of impure fuchsine.
<-- 3. a liqueur -->
Gre*na"do (?), n. Same as
Grenade.
Grene (?), a. Green.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gres (?), n. Grass.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Gres*so"ri*al (?),
Gres*so"ri*ous (?), } a.
[L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step,
go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking;
anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See
Illust. under Aves.
Gret (?), Grete
(/), a. Great.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gret"to (?), obs.
imp. of Greet, to salute.
Greve (?), n. A grove.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Grew (?), imp. of Grow.
Grew"some (?),
Grue'some, a. [From a word akin to
Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D.
gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf.
Grisly.] Ugly; frightful.
Grewsome sights of war.
C. Kingsley.
Grey (?), a. See Gray
(the correct orthography).
Grey"hound` (?), n. [OE.
graihund, greihound, greahund,
grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound +
hundr dog; cf. AS. gr?ghund. The origin of
the first syllable is unknown.] A slender, graceful
breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one
of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian
monuments. [Written also
grayhound.]
Grey"lag` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Graylag.
Grib"ble (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E.
grib to bite.] (Zo\'94l.) A small marine
isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L.
terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys
submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe
and America.
Grice (?), n. [OE.
gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
gr?ss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus,
also Gr. ?, Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise,
Griskin.] A little pig. [Written
also grise.] [Scot.]
Grice (?), n. See
Gree, a step. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Grid (?), n. A grating of thin
parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.
Grid"dle (?), n. [OE.
gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic
origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal,
greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I
burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.] 1. An
iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.
2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by
miners.
Grid"dle*cake` (?), n. A cake
baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of
buckwheat or common flour.
Gride (?), e. i.
[imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr.
& vb. n. Griding.] [For gird,
properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and
cf. Grid to strike, sneer.] To cut with a
grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as,
the griding sword.
Milton.
That through his thigh the mortal steel did
gride.
Spenser.
Grade, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a
grating.
The grade of hatchets fiercely thrown.
On wigwam log, and tree, and stone.
Whittier.
Grid"e*lin (?), n. [F.
gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A
color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet.
[Written also gredaline,
grizelin.]
Dryden.
Grid"i`ron (?), n. [OE.
gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as
E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E.
iron. See Griddle.] 1. A
grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.
2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which
vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs.
<-- 3. (Sport) A football field.
-->
Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. --
Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a
slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to
openings in the seat on which the valve moves.
Grief (?), n. [OE.
grief, gref, OF. grief,
gref, F. grief, L. gravis heavy;
akin to Gr. ?, Skr. guru, Goth. ka?rus. Cf.
Barometer, Grave, a.,
Grieve, Gooroo.] 1. Pain of
mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering
arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends,
misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.
The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . .
that she died for grief of it.
Addison.
2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or
distresses; trial; grievance.
Be factious for redress of all these griefs.
Shak.
3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady.
[R.]
This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of
that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot.
Wood.
To come to grief, to meet with calamity,
accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out
badly. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial;
grievance. Grief, Sorrow,
Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is
sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least,
in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind.
Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the
grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too
often turns into habitual sadness. \'bdGrief is
sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in
this case we speak of the transports of grief. At
other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful
affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities,
particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the
distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we
love and value.\'b8 Cogan.See
Affliction.
Grief"ful (?), a. Full of grief
or sorrow.
Sackvingle.
Grief"less, a. Without grief.
Huloet.
Grie"go (?), n. See
Greggoe.
Griev"a*ble (?), a.
Lamentable. [Obs.]
Griev'ance (?), n. [OF.
grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]
1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong
done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or
resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.;
injury.
2. Grieving; grief; affliction.
The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably
yoked.
Milton.
Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.
Griev"an*cer (?), n. One who
occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint.
[Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand
grievancers.
Fuller.
Grieve (?), Greeve,
n. [AS. ger/fa. Cf. Reeve
an officer.] A manager of a farm, or overseer of any
work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve.
Sir W. Scott.
Grieve (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grieved
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF.
grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress,
fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.]
1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities
of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to
try.
Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God.
Eph. iv. 30.
The maidens grieved themselves at my concern.
Cowper,
2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's
fate. [R.]
Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in
pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often
followed by at, for, or
over.
Do not you grieve at this.
Shak.
Griev"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, grieves.
Griev"ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing
grief. -- n. The act of causing
grief; the state of being grieved.
-- Griev'ing-ly, adv.
Shak.
Griev"ous (?), a. [OF. grevous,
grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.] 1.
Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear;
offensive; harmful.
The famine was grievous in the land.
Gen. xii. 10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight.
Gen. xxi 11.
2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous;
aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous
sin.
Gen. xviii. 20.
3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great
sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry.
-- Griev"ous*ly, adv. --
Griev"ous*ness, n.
Griff (?), n. [Cf.
Gripe.] 1. Grasp; reach.
[Obs.]
A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff.
Holland.
2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a
grasping.] (Weaving) An arrangement of
parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp
threads in a loom for weaving figured goods.
Knight.
Griffe (?), n. [F.]
The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a
mulatto. [Local, U. S.]
Grif"fin (?), n. An
Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe.
H. Kingsley.
{ Grif"fin (?), Grif"fon
(?), } n. [OE. griffin,
griffon, griffoun, F. griffon,
fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr. /; --
so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to / curved,
hook-nosed.]
1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion
and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman
works of art.
2. (Her.) A representation of this
creature as an heraldic charge.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large vulture
(Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of
Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also
gripe, and grype. It is
supposed to be the \'bdeagle\'b8 of the Bible. The
bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also
gryphon.]
<-- p. 651 -->
4. An English early apple.
Grig (?), n. [Cf. Sw.
kr\'84k little creature, reptile; or D.
kriek cricket, E. cricket.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A cricket or
grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b)
Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel
See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.]
Audrey.
As merry as a grig [etymology
uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of
\'bdAs merry as a Greek; \'b8 by others, to be an allusion to the
cricket.
Gril (?), a. [OE.
gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the
ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS.
gallan to provoke.] Harah; hard; severe;
stern; rough. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Grill, n. [F. gril. See
Grill, v. t.] 1. A
gridiron.
[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their
meat.
Cotton.
2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat,
fish, etc.
Grill, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grilled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Grilling.] [F.
griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF.
gra\'8bl, L. craticulum for
craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of
crates hurdle. See Grate, n.]
1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men
in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons.
Marvell.
2. To torment, as if by broiling.
Dickens.
Gril*lade" (/), n. [F. See
Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling;
also, that which is grilled.
Gril"lage (?), n. [F.]
(Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and
crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous
soil.
\'d8Grille (?), a. [F. See
Grill, v. t.] A lattice or
grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate.
L. Oliphant.
Gril"ly (?), v. t. [See
Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill;
hence, To harass. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
Grilse (?), n.
[Etymol. uncertain.]
(Zo\'94l.) A young salmon after its first return
from the sea.
Grim (?), a.
[Compar. Grimmer (-mer);
superl. Grimmest (/).] [AS.
grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D.
grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw.
grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile;
cf. Gr. /, a crushing sound, / to neigh.] Of
forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel;
frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking.
Shak.
The ridges of grim war.
Milton.
Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible;
frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.
Gri*mace" (?), n. [F., prob. of
Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr/ma mask, specter, Ical.
gr/ma mask, hood, perh. akin to E.
grin.] A distortion of the countenance,
whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional,
to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation,
complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.
Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every
feature of it appeared under a different distortion.
Addison.
Marriage a-la-Mode,\'b8 as
innovations in our language, are now in common usa:
chagrin, double--entendre,
\'82claircissement, embarras,
\'82quivoque, foible, grimace,
na\'8bvete, ridicule. All these words,
which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common
use.\'b8
I. Disraeli.
Gri*mace", v. i. To make grimaces; to
distort one's face; to make faces.
H. Martineau.
Gri*maced" (?), a. Distorted;
crabbed.
Gri*mal"kin (?), n. [For
graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat,
esp. a she-cat.
J. Philips.
Grime (?), n. [Cf. Dan. grim,
griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr/ma mask,
sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot,
smut, and E. grimace.] Foul matter; dirt,
rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.
Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to
dirt.
Shak.
Grim"i*ly (?), adv. In a grimy
manner.
Grim"i*ness n. The state of being
grimy.
Grim"ly (?), a. Grim; hideous;
stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost,
And stood at William's feet.
D. Mallet.
Grim"ly, adv. In a grim manner;
fiercely.
Shak.
Grimme (?), n. [Cf. F.
grimme.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope
(Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a
broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also
conquetoon.
Grim"ness (?), n. [AS.
grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness;
forbiddingness.
Grim"sir (?), n. A stern
man. [Obs.]
Burton.
Grim"y (?), a.
[Compar. Grimier (?);
superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime; begrimed;
dirty; foul.
Grin (?), n. [AS.
grin.] A snare; a gin.
[Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin.
Remedy of Love.
Grin, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Grinned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Grinning.] [OE.
grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian,
Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G.
greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan.
grine. /35. Cf. Groan.] 1.
To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.
2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or
to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to
show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain.
The pangs of death do make him grin.
Shak.
Grin, v. t. To express by
grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.
Grin, n. The act of closing the teeth
and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the
teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile.
I.Watts.
He showed twenty teeth at a grin.
Addison.
Grind (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ground (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.]
[AS. grindan; perh. akin to L.
frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]
1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill,
or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as
by the action of millstones.
Take the millstones, and grind meal.
Is. xivii. 2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction;
to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill;
to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.
To grind the subject or defraud the prince.
Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination.
[College Slang]
Grind (?), v. i. 1. To
perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the
millstones.
Send thee
Into the common prison, there to grind.
Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction;
as, this corn grinds well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction;
as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a
sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to
grate.
5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to
drudge; to study hard, as for an examination.
Farrar.
Grind, n. 1. The act of
reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp.,
hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.]
T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College
Slang]
Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of
Grind. Ground.
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Grin*de"li*a (?), n. [NL.
Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.]
(Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed
(Grindelia), used as a remedy in asthma and
bronchitis.
Grind"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, grinds.
2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or
masticate the food; a molar.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The restless flycatcher
(Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also
restless thrush and volatile
thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to
which the name alludes.
Grinder's asthma, phthisis,
(Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical
irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the
operation of grinding.
Grind"er*y (?), n. Leather
workers' materials. [Eng.]
Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather
workers' materials and tools are kept on sale.
[Eng.]
Grind"ing, a. & n. from Grind.
Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton
spinning machine. -- Grinding mill. (a) A
mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's
lathe.
Grind"ing*ly, adv. In a grinding
manner. [Colloq.]
Grin"dle (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The bowfin; -- called also
Johnny Grindle. [Local, U.
S.]
Grin"dle stone" (?). A grindstone.
[Obs.]
Grind"let (?), n. A small
drain.
Grind"stone` (?), n. A flat,
circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening
tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.
To hold, pat,
one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress
one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the
Laced\'91monians to hold their noses to the
grindstone.
Sir T. North.
Grin"ner (?), n. One who
grins.
Addison.
Grin"ning*ly, adv. In a grinning
manner.
Grint (?), 3d pers. sing. pres.
of Grind, contr. from
grindeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Grin"te (?), obs.
imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth.
Chaucer.
Grint"ing (?), n.
Grinding. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Grip (?), n. [L.
gryps, gryphus. See Griffin,
Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) The
griffin. [Obs.]
Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip
furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or
furrow.
Ray.
Grip, v. t. To trench; to drain.
Grip, n. [AS. gripe. Cf.
Grip, v. t., Gripe, v.
t.] 1. An energetic or tenacious grasp;
a holding fast; strength in grasping.
2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which
members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another;
as, a masonic grip.
3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or
gripe; as, the grip of a sword.
4. A device for grasping or holding fast to
something.
Grip, v. t. [From Grip a grasp;
or P. gripper to seize; -- of German origin. See
Gripe, v. t.] To give a grip to;
to grasp; to gripe.
Gripe (?), n. [See
Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the
griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp
claws.
Shak.
Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel.
[Obs.]
E. Jonson.
Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Griped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Griping.] [AS. gripan; akin
to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG.
gr/fan, Icel. gripa, Sw.
gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth.
greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ.
grabite to plunder, Skr. grah,
grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t.,
Grope.]
1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with
the fingers; to clutch.
2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace
closely.
Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ?
Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause
pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects
of certain purgative or indigestible substances.
How inly sorrow gripes his soul.
Shak.
Gripe, v. i. 1. To clutch,
hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a
gripe.
2. To suffer griping pains.
Jocke.
3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the
wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires
constant labor at the helm.
R. H. Dana, Jr.
<-- 4. to complain -->
Gripe, n. 1. Grasp; seizure;
fast hold; clutch.
A barren scepter in my gripe.
Shak.
2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a
grip; as, the gripe of a sword.
3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or
holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.
4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching
distress; as, the gripe of poverty.
5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines;
-- chiefly used in the plural.
6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of
timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the
forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a
ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep
a good wind. (c) pl. An
assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts
in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands
passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent
swinging.
Gripe penny, a miser;
a niggard<-- ; a pinchpenny? -->.
D. L. Mackenzie.
Gripe"ful (?), a. Disposed to
gripe; extortionate.
Grip"er (?), a. One who gripes;
an oppressor; an extortioner.
Burton.
Grip"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
griping or oppressive manner.
Bacon.
Gri"man (?), n. The man who
manipulates a grip.
Grippe (?), n. [F.]
(Med.) The influenza or epidemic catarrh.
Dunglison.
Grip"per (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, grips or seizes.
2. pl. In printing presses, the
fingers or nippers.
Grip"ple (?), n. A grasp; a
gripe. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Grip"ple, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.]
Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Grip"ple*ness, n. The quality of being
gripple. [Obs.]
Grip"sack` (?), n. A traveler's
handbag. [Colloq.]
\'d8Gris (?), a. [OF. & F., fr.
LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG.
gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf.
Grizzle.] Gray. [R.]
Chaucer.
Gris (?), n. [OF., fr.
gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray
work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris,
a.] A costly kind of fur.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gris (gr, n. sing. & pl.
[See Grice a pig.] A little pig.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
\'d8Gri"saille` (?), n. [F.,
from gris gray.] 1. (Fine Arts)
Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English
especially for painted glass.
2. A kind of French fancy dress goods.
Knight.
Gris"am`ber (?), n. [See
Ambergris.] Ambergris.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Grise (gr, n. See
Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]
Grise (gr, n.
[Prop. pl. of gree a step.] A step (in
a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune
Is smoothed by that below.
Shak.
Gris"e*ous (?), a. [LL.
griseus. See Gris.] Of a light
color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or
grizzly.
Maunder.
\'d8Gri*sette" (?), n. [F., fr.
grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris gray. Grisettes
were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff.
See Gars.] A French girl or young married
woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman
who is fond of gallantry.
Sterne.
Gris"kin (?), n. [Grise a
pig + -kin.] The spine of a hog.
[Obs.]
Gri"sled (?), a. [Obs.]
See Grizzled.
Gris"li*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being grisly; horrid.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gris"ly (?), a. [OE,
grisly, grislich, AS. grislic,
gryslic, fr. gr/san to shudder; cf. OD.
grijselick horrible, OHG.
grisenl?ch, and also AS.
gre?san to frighten, and E.
gruesome.] Frightful; horrible; dreadful;
harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly
specter. \'bdGrisly to behold.\'b8
Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Grisly bear. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Grizzly.
Gri"son (?), n. [F., fr.
grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See
Gris.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis
vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail.
Its under parts are black. Also called South American
glutton. (b) A South American monkey
(Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.
Gri"sons (?), n. pl. [F.]
(Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern
Swiss Alps. (b) sing. The
largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.
Grist (?), n. [AS.
grist, fr. grindan. See
Grind.]
1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time;
as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal
it produces.
Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.
Tusser. Q.
2. Supply; provision.
Swift.
3. In rope making, a given size of rope,
common grist being a rope three inches in
circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three
strands.
Knight.
All is grist that comes to his mill, all that
he has anything to do with is a source of profit.
[Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill,
to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source
of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.
Gris"tle (?), n. [OE.
gristel, gristil, AS. gristl;
akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a
dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila,
krostela. Cf. Grist.]
(Anat.) Cartilage. See Cartilage.
Bacon.
Gris"tly (?), a. (Anat.)
Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle;
cartilaginous.
Grist"mill" (?), n. A mill for
grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or
portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom
mill.
Grit (?), n. [OE,
greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS.
gre\'a2t grit, sant, dust; akin to OS
griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG.
grioz, G. griess, Icel.
grj\'d3t, and to E. groats,
grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf.
Grail gravel.] 1. Sand or gravel;
rough, hard particles.
2. The coarse part of meal.
<-- p. 652 -->
3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat,
hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked
wheat smaller than groats.
4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained
siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; --
called also gritrock and
gritstone. The name is also applied to a
finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone
grit.
5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen;
as, a hone of good grit.
6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding
courage; fortitude.
C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.
Grit (?), v. i. To give forth a
grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread.
Goldsmith.
Grit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n.
Gritting.] To grind; to rub harshly
together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth.
[Collog.]
Grith (?), n. [AS.
gri\'eb peace; akin to Icel. grid.]
Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.]
Gower.
{ Grit"rock` (?), Grit"stone`
(?) } n. (Geol.) See
Grit, n., 4.
Grit"ti*ness (?), n. The
quality of being gritty.
Grit"ty (?), a. 1.
Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit;
full of hard particles.
2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding.
[Colloq., U. S.]
Griv"et (?), n. [Cf. F.
grivet.] (Zo\'94l.) A monkey of
the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus
griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the
lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known
to the ancient Egyptians. Called also
tota.
Grize (?), n. Same as 2d
Grise. [Obs.]
Griz"e*lin (?), a. See
Gridelin.
Griz"zle (?), n. [F.
gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr.
gris gray. See Gris, and cf.
Grisaille.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of
white and black.
Shak.
Griz"zled (?), a. Gray;
grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and
black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks.
Sir W. Scott.
Grlz"zly (?), a. Somewhat gray;
grizzled.
Old squirrels that turn grizzly.
Bacon.
Grizzly bear (Zo\'94l.), a large
and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western
North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the
great length of its claws.
Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies
(/). 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.
2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings
used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices.
[Local, U. S.]
Raymond.
Groan (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Groaned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Groaning.] [OE. gronen,
granen, granien, AS. gr/nian,
fr. the root of grennian to grin. \'fb35. See 2d Grin,
and cf. Grunt.] 1. To give forth a
low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in
sorrow, or in derision; to moan.
For we . . . do groan, being burdened.
2 Cor. v. 4.
He heard the groaning of the oak.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.
Nothing but holy, pure, and clear,
Or that which groaneth to be so.
Herbert.
Groan, v. t. To affect by groans.
Groan, n. A low, moaning sound; usually,
a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress;
sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the
remark was received with groans.
Such groans of roaring wind and rain.
Shak.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.
Shak.
Groan"ful (?), a. Agonizing;
sad. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Groat (?), n. [LG.
gr\'d3te, orig., great, that is, a great piece of
coin, larger than other coins in former use. See
Great.] 1. An old English silver
coin, equal to four pence.
2. Any small sum of money.
Groats (?), n. pl. [OE.
grot, AS. gr\'betan; akin to Icel.
grautr porridge, and to E. gritt,
grout. See Grout.] Dried grain, as
oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling,
cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits.
Embden groats, crushed oats.
Gro"cer (?), n. [Formerly
written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or
deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand
grossier, fr. gros large, great. See
Gross.] A trader who deals in tea, sugar,
spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities.
Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of
the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.
Gro"cer*y (?), n.; pl.
Groceries (#). [F.
grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.]
1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee,
spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural
form, in this sense.
A deal box . . . to carry groceries in.
Goldsmith.
The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood
bought grocery and millinery.
Macaulay.
2. A retail grocer's shop or store.
[U.s.];
Grog (?), n. [So named fronm
\'bdOld Grog\'b8 a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon,
in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul
weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of
the sailors (about 1745).] A mixture of spirit and
water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor.
Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of
persons who drink ardent spirits to excess.
[Collog.]
Grog"ger*y (?), n.; pl.
Groggeries (#). A grogshop.
[Slang, U. S.]
Grog"gi*ness (?), n. 1.
State of being groggy.
2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the
foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling
manner.
Grog"gy (?), a. 1.
Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs.
[Colloq.]
2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of
pugilists. [Cant or Slang]
3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner,
owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse.
Youatt.
{ Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran
(?), } n. [OF.
gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See
Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf.
Grog.] A coarse stuff made of silk and
mohair, or of coarse silk.
Grog"shop` (?), n. A shop or
room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.
Groin (?), n. [F.
groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L.
grunnire.] The snout of a swine.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to
grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to snarl; to
murmur. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually.
Spenser.
Groin, n. [Icel. grein
distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren,
branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to
distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle.
Cf. Grain a branch.] 1.
(Anat.) The line between the lower part of the
abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the
inguen.
2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle
formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it
approaches the summit.
3. (Math.) The surface formed by two
such vaults.
4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate
and retain shingle. [Eng.]
Weale.
Groin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Groining.] (Arch.)
To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome,
And groined the aisles of Christian Rome,
Wrought in a sad sincerity.
Emerson.
Groined (?), a. (Arch.)
Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a
groined vault.
<-- Illustr. of Groined Arch. -->
Grom"et (?), n. Same as
Grommet.
Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.)
See Gromwell.
Grom"met (?), n. [F.
gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to
curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb,
gromma to curb.] 1. A ring formed
by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a
metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written
grummet.
2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad
to hold a cannon ball in place.
Grom"well (?), n. [Called also
gromel, grommel, graymill, and
gray millet, all prob. fr. F.
gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.]
(Bot.) A plant of the genus
Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used,
because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The
German gromwell is the
Stellera. [Written also
gromill.]
Grond (?), obs. imp. of
Grind.
Chaucer.
Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of
Groan.
Chaucer.
Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
grome, groyme, grume,
gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom
boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in
E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as
AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.] 1. A
boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy
who has charge of horses, or the stable.
Spenser.
2. One of several officers of the English royal
household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as,
the groom of the chamber; the groom of the
stole.
3. A man recently married, or about to be married;
a bridegroom.
Dryden.
Groom porter, formerly an officer in the
English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the
king's lodgings and had certain privileges.
Groom, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Grooming.] To tend or care
for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.
Groom"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a
flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.
Grooms"man (?), n.; pl.
Groomsmen (/). A male attendant
of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of
bridesmaid<-- = best man -->.
Groop"er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Grouper.
Groove (?), n. [D.
groef, groeve; akin to E.
grove. See Grove.] 1. A
furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by
cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water,
or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.
2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or
affairs; fixed routine.
The gregarious trifling of life in the social
groove.
J. Morley.
3. [See Grove.] (Mining)
A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]
Groove, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Groving.] To cut a groove or
channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.
Groov"er (?), n. 1.
One who or that which grooves.
2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.]
Holloway.
Groov"ing (?), n. The act of
forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of
grooves.
<-- Groovy [colloq] = marvelous, wonderful, excellent; hip -->
Grope (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Groped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.]
[OE. gropen, gropien,
grapien, AS. gr/pian to touch, grope, fr.
gr/pan to gripe. See Gripe.]
1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle.
[Obs.]
2. To search or attempt to find something in the
dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about
hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as
with the hands, when one can not see.
We grope for the wall like the blind.
Is. lix. 10.
To grope a little longer among the miseries and
sensualities ot a worldly life.
Buckminster.
Grope, v. t. 1. To search out
by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at
midnight.
2. To examine; to test; to sound.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.
Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).
Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes;
one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.
Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping
manner.
\'d8Gros (?), n. [F. See
Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish;
as, gros de Naples; gros de
Tours.
Gros"beak (?), n.
[Gross + beak: cf. F.
gros-bec.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common
European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes
vulgaris.
Habia Ludoviciana); the blue
(Guiraca c\'d2rulea); the pine (Pinicola
enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See
Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak,
Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and
Evening. [Written also
grossbeak.]
<-- illustr. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (Habia
Ludoviciana). -->
\'d8Grosch"en (?), n.
[G.] A small silver coin and money of account of
Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new
monetary system of the empire.
Gros"grain` (?), a. [F. Cf.
Grogram.] Of a coarse texture; -- applied to
silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.
Gross (?), a.
[Compar. Grosser (/);
superl. Grossest.] [F.
gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L.
crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf.
Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf.
Engross, Grocer, Grogram.]
1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size;
excessively large. \'bdA gross fat man.\'b8
Shak.
A gross body of horse under the Duke.
Milton.
2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.
3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in
perception or feeling; dull; witless.
Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
Milton.
4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual
appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.
The terms which are delicate in one age become
gross in the next.
Macaulay.
5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross
medium.
6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful;
as, a gross mistake; gross injustice;
gross negligence.
7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as,
the gross sum, or gross amount, the
gross weight; -- opposed to
net.
Gross adventure (Law) the loan of
money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a
ship. -- Gross average (Law), that
kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of
ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called general
average. Bouvier. Burrill. --
Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before
they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; --
distinguished from net profits. Abbott.
-- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or
goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; --
distinguished from neat, or net,
weight.
Gross, n. [F. gros (in sense
1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross,
a.] 1. The main body; the chief
part, bulk, or mass. \'bdThe gross of the enemy.\'b8
Addison.
For the gross of the people, they are considered as
a mere herd of cattle.
Burke.
2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve
dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles;
ten gross of pens.
Advowson in gross (Law), an
advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. --
A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and
forty-four dozen. -- By the gross, by the
quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in gross.
(Law) See under Common, n. --
In the gross, In gross, in
the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken
together.
Gross"beak` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Grosbeak.
Gross"-head`ed (?), a.
Thick-skulled; stupid.
Gross`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] 1. The act of making
gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.
2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of
plants after fertilization. Henslow.
Gross"ly, adv. In a gross manner;
greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully;
disgracefully.
Gross"ness, n. The state or quality of
being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness;
shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound
the' ear of delicacy.
Dr. T. Dwight.
Gros"su*lar (?), a. [NL.
grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus
of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F.
groseille. See Gooseberry.]
Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as,
grossular garnet.
Gros"su*lar, n. [See Grossular,
a.] (Min.) A translucent garnet
of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also
grossularite.
\'d8Gros`su*la"ria (?), n. [NL.
See Grossular.] (Min.) Same as
Grossular.
Gros"su*lin (?), n. [See
Grossular.] (Chem.) A vegetable
jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes
Grossularia) and other fruits.
<-- p. 653 -->
Grot (?), n. [F.
grotte, It. grotta. See
Grotto.] A grotto.
[Poetic]
Milton.
Grot, Grote (/),
n. A groat. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gro*tesgue" (?), a. [F., fr.
It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See
Grotto.] Like the figures found in ancient
grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical;
extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic;
ludicrous; antic. \'bdGrotesque design.\'b8
Dryden. \'bdGrotesque incidents.\'b8
Macaulay.
Gro*tesque, n. 1. A whimsical
figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and
grottoes.
Dryden.
2. Artificial grotto-work.
Gro*tesque"ly, adv. In a grotesque
manner.
Gro*tesque"ness, n. Quality of being
grotesque.
Grot"to (?), n.; pl.
Grottoes (#). [Formerly
grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL.
grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed
subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. /, fr. / concealed,
fr. / to conceal. Cf. Grot, Crypt.]
A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an
artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.
Grot"to-work` (?), n.
Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a
grotto.
Cowper.
Ground (?), n. [OE.
ground, grund, AS. grund; akin
to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund,
Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in
composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh.
akin to E. grind.] 1. The surface
of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite
portion of it.
There was not a man to till the ground.
Gen. ii. 5.
The fire ran along upon the ground.
Ex. ix. 23.
Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the
earth.
2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface;
region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to,
or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of
action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play
ground.
From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from
Syrian ground.
Milton.
3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp.
(pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging
to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are
well kept.
Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.
Dryden. 4.
4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation.
Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a
premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of
existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the
ground of my hope.
5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a)
That surface upon which the figures of a composition are
set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of
one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another;
as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See
Background, Foreground, and
Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat
surface upon which figures are raised in relief.
(c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon
which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels
ground. See Brussels lace, under
Brussels.
6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread
over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid
from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood,
flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached;
-- usually in the plural.
8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in
which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is
continually repeated to a varying melody. (b)
The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.
Moore (Encyc.).
On that ground I'll build a holy descant.
Shak.
9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with
the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical
circuit.
10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of
liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee
grounds.
11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ground angling, angling with a weighted line
without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots
Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead
of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent,
which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. --
Ground ash. (Bot.) See
Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff
(Mining), a superintendent of mines.
Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of
bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to
collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground
bass base (Mus.),
fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to
a varied melody. -- Ground beetle
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of carnivorous
beetles of the family Carabid\'91, living mostly in
burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber,
a room on the ground floor. -- Ground
cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus
(Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated
calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P.
Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A
European shrub (Prunus Cham\'91cerasus), with small,
very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo.
(Zo\'94l.) See Chaparral cock. --
Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender
cotton. -- Ground dove
(Zo\'94l.), one of several small American pigeons
of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C.
passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They
live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish
(Zo\'94l.), any fish which constantly lives on the
botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. --
Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on
a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in
England, the first floor. -- Ground
form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word,
to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation.
It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.<-- = lemma
--> -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low
slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of
Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also
rest-harrow. -- Ground game,
hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game.
-- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb
(Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common
in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative
properties. -- Ground of the heavens
(Astron.), the surface of any part of the
celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as
projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.),
the yew (Taxus baccata var.
Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished
from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. --
Ground hog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See
Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. --
Ground hold (Naut.), ground
tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Ground
ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before
it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy.
(Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See
Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a
basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground
lark (Zo\'94l.), the European pipit. See
Pipit. -- Ground laurel
(Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under
Arbutus. -- Ground line
(Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of
the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. --
Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless
plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on
peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia
polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in
Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. --
Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained
or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its
constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet
(Zo\'94l.), one of several Australian parrakeets,
of the genera Callipsittacus and
Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground.
-- Ground pearl (Zo\'94l.), an insect
of the family Coccid\'91 (Margarodes
formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and
having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made
into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig
(Zo\'94l.), a large, burrowing, African rodent
(Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied
to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; --
called also ground rat. -- Ground
pigeon (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species
of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the
tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the
Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See
Goura, and Ground dove (above).
-- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A
blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A.
Cham\'91pitys), formerly included in the genus
Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous
smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long,
creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium
(L. clavatum); -- called also club
moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen
plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L.
dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern
part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground
plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of
any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation
or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane,
the horizontal plane of projection in perspective
drawing. -- Ground plate. (a)
(Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a
building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to
support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel.
(b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers
or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A
metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric
current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main
is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground
plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected;
hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. --
Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant
(Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the
Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped
pod. -- Ground rat. (Zo\'94l.) See
Ground pig (above). -- Ground
rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on
another man's land. -- Ground robin.
(Zo\'94l.) See Chewink. --
Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower
room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the
West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm
weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy
roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and
in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground
sill. See Ground plate (a)
(above). -- Ground snake
(Zo\'94l.), a small burrowing American snake
(Celuta am\'d2na). It is salmon colored, and has a
blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of numerous species of
burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and
Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus
includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied
Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or
striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species.
See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b)
Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to
Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as
Ground floor (above). -- Ground
substance (Anat.), the intercellular
substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground
swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant
groundsel. [Obs.] Holland.
(b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean,
caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote
distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground
table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under
Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.),
the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor.
Totten. -- Ground thrush
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of
bright-colored Oriental birds of the family
Pittid\'91. See Pitta. -- Ground
tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a
vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest
line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold.
(c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. --
Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the
timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson;
floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit.
(Zo\'94l.) See Ground wren
(below). -- Ground wheel, that wheel
of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the
ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren
(Zo\'94l.), a small California bird
(Cham\'91a fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice.
It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd
tit, and wren lit. -- To
bite the ground, To break ground. See
under Bite, Break. -- To come
to the ground, To fall to the ground,
to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To
gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed
forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains
ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to
have some success; as, the army gains ground on the
enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more
prosperous or influential. -- To get, To gather, ground, to gain
ground. [R.] \'bdEvening mist . . . gathers
ground fast.\'b8 Milton.
There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground
of them, but by bidding higher.
South.
-- To give ground, to recede; to yield
advantage.
These nine . . . began to give me
ground.
Shak.
--To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to
withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to
lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand
one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or
encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the
ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a
ship.
Ground (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Grounding.] 1.
To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation,
reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix
firmly.
Being rooted and grounded in love.
Eph. iii. 17.
So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a
God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument
to his negation.
Sir W. Hamilton
3. To instruct in elements or first
principles.
4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so
as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.
5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground,
as a copper plate for etching (see Ground,
n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform
tint as a preparation for ornament.
Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike
the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the
bar.
Ground, imp. & p. p. of
Grind.
Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is
ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression
cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass
the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its
surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground
joint, a close joint made by grinding together
two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine
sand and water.
Ground"age (?), n. A local tax
paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in
port.
Bouvier.
Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or
firmly established manner.
Glanvill.
Ground"en (?), obs. p.
p. of Grind.
Chaucer.
Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or
process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary
instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of
color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.
Ground"less, a. [AS.
grundle\'a0s bottomless.] Without ground or
foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized;
false; as, groundless fear; a groundless
report or assertion. --
Ground"less*ly, adv. --
Ground"less*ness, n.
Ground"ling, n. [Ground +
-ling.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.
2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which
formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.
No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh.
Coleridge.
Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply;
thoroughly. [Obs.]
Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them
provide to die as sure us fate.
Marston.
Ground"nut` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis
hypog\'91a (native country uncertain); the peanut; the
earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant
(Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple
flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste.
(c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia
trifolia). [U. S.] Gray.
(d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B.
flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud
sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut,
hawknut, and pignut.
Ground"sel (?), n. [OE.
grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige,
grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund
matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being
good for a running from the eye. See Swallow,
v.] (Bot.) An annual composite
plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and
widely distributed weeds on the globe.
Ground"sel (?), n.
[Ground + sill.] See
Ground
Ground"sill` (?), plate (a),
under Ground.
Ground"work` (?), n. That which
forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the
essential or fundamental part; first principle.
Dryden.
Group (?), n. [F
groupe, It. gruppo, groppo,
cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G.
krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop,
n.] 1. A cluster, crowd, or
throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected
without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group
of men or of trees; a group of isles.
2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or
relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic;
as, groups of strata.
3. (Biol.) A variously limited
assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or
common characteristics in form or structure. The term has
different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a
genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several
orders.
4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth,
etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely
applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.
Group, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grouped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Grouping.] [Cf. F.
grouper. See Group, n.]
To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in
groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best
effect; to form an assemblage of.
The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the
painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of
different objects.
Prior.
Grouped columns (Arch.), three or
moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.
Group"er (?), n. [Corrupted fr.
Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several species of
valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the
family Serranid\'91, as the red grouper, or brown
snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw
(E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of
Mexico. (b) The tripletail
(Lobotes). (c) In California, the
name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written
also groper, gruper, and
trooper.]
<-- p. 654 -->
Group"ing (?), n. (Fine
Arts) The disposal or relative arrangement of figures
or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in
ornamental design.
Grouse (?), n. sing. & pl.
[Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier
grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F.
piegri\'8ache shrike.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any of the numerous species of
gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonid\'91, and
subfamily Tetraonin\'91, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and
North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered
legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the
ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet.
Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa
betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan,
and Heath grouse. Among the most important American
species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge
(Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse
(Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky
blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the
Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D.
Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage
cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles,
etc.) belong to a very different family. See
Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.
Grouse, v. i. To seek or shoot
grouse.
Grou"ser (?), n.
(Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A
pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to
thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.
Grout (?), n. [AS.
grut; akin to grytt, G.
gr\'81tze, griess, Icel. grautr,
Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z.
groats.] 1. Coarse meal; ground
malt; pl. groats.
2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale.
[Eng.]
3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds.
[Eng.] \'bdGrouts of tea.\'b8
Dickens.
4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the
joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in
finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.
Grout, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Grouting.] To fill up or finish with
grout, as the joints between stones.
Graut"head` (?), n.
[Obs.] See Growthead.
Grout"ing, n. The process of filling in
or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in.
Gwilt.
Grout"nol (?), n. [See
Groat, and Noll, n.]
[Obs.] Same as Growthead.
Beau. & Fl.
Grout"y (?), a. Cross; sulky;
sullen. [Colloq.]
Grove (?), n. [AS.
graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original
sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See
Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A
smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood,
planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of
small extent.
Asherah, rendered
grove in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left
untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern
interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of
some kind is intended.
Grov"el (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Groveled
(?) or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Groveling or Grovelling.]
[From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge,
adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a
p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same
sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. gr, in
on the face, prone,
gr to grovel.] 1. To creep
on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or
move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat
on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.
To creep and grovel on the ground.
Dryden.
2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual
or base; to be low, abject, or mean.
Grov"el*er (?), n. One who
grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also
groveller.]
Grov"el*ing, a. Lying prone; low;
debased. [Written also
grovelling.] \'bdA groveling
creature.\'b8
Cowper.
Grov"y (?), a. Pertaining to,
or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting,
groves.
Dampier.
Grow (?), v. i.
[imp. Grew (?); p.
p. Grown (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Growing.] [AS.
grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel.
groa, Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf.
Green, Grass.] 1. To
increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in
bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living
organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their
organs.
2. To increase in any way; to become larger and
stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to
accrue.
Winter began to grow fast on.
Knolles.
Even just the sum that I do owe to you
Is growing to me by Antipholus.
Shak.
3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural
way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish;
as, rice grows in warm countries.
Where law faileth, error groweth.
Gower.
4. To pass from one state to another; to result as
an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow
pale.
For his mind
Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary.
Byron.
5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere.
Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they
grow.
Shak.
Growing cell, or Growing slide,
a device for preserving alive a minute object in water
continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be
watched under the microscope. -- Grown over,
covered with a growth. -- To grow out of,
to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from
the main stem; to result from.
These wars have grown out of commercial
considerations.
A. Hamilton.
-- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or
maturity; as, grown up children. -- <-- ##error
here in original: duplication of: To grow up --> To grow
together, to close and adhere; to become united by
growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed.
Howells.Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve;
expand; extend.
Grow (?), v. t. To cause to
grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop;
to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco.
Macaulay.Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v.
t., 3.
Grow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
growth.
Grow"an (?), n. [Cf. Arm.
grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel,
sand.] (Mining.) A decomposed granite,
forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.
Grow"er (?), n. One who grows
or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that
which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow
grower.
Growl (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Growled
(?); p. pr. & vb. e.
Growling.] [D. grollen to
grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be
angry.] To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry
dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.
Gay.
Growl, v. t. To express by
growling.
Thomson.
Growl, n. The deep, threatening sound
made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.
Growl"er (?), n. 1.
One who growls.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The large-mouthed black
bass. [Local]
3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang,
Eng.]
Growl"ing*ly, adv. In a growling
manner.
Grown (?), p. p. of
Grow.
Growse (?), v. i. [Cf.
gruesome, grcwsome, and G.
grausen to make shudder, shiver.] To
shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Ray.
Growth (?), n. [Icel. gro/r,
gr//i. See Grow.] 1. The process
of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable
body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or
maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.;
augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence;
as, the growth of trade; the growth of
power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast
in growth.
Shak.
2. That which has grown or is growing; anything
produced; product; consequence; effect; result.
Nature multiplies her fertile growth.
Milton.
Growt"head` (?), n. [Lit.,
greathead.] A lazy person; a
blockhead. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Growth"ful (?), a. Having
capacity of growth. [R.]
J. Hamilton.
Groyne (?), n. [Obs.]
See Groin.
Gro"zing i"ron (?). 1. A tool
with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond
for cutting glass.
2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the
solder joints of lead pipe.
Knight.
Grub (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Grubbed
(?), p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing
(/).] [OE. grubbin., cf.
E. grab, grope.] 1. To
dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is
difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.
2. To drudge; to do menial work.
Richardson.
Grub, v. t. 1. To dig; to dig
up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up;
as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.
They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin.
Hare.
2. To supply with food. [Slang]
Dickens.
Grub, n. 1. (Zo\'94l.)
The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called
also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith
beetle, under Goldsmith.
Yet your butterfly was a grub.
Shak.
2. A short, thick man; a dwarf.
[Obs.]
Carew.
3. Victuals; food. [Slang]
Halliwell.
Grub ax axe, a kind of
mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub
breaker. Same as Grub hook
(below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe
for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike
implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. --
Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble.
-- Grub Street, a street in London (now called
Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as
\'bdmuch inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries,
and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called
grubstreet.\'b8 As an adjective, suitable to, or
resembling the production of, Grub Street.
I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays.
Gap.
Grub"ber, n. One who, or that which,
grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax,
.grub hook, etc.
Grub"bla (?), v. t. & i. [Freq.
of grub, but cf. grabble.] To
feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Grub"by, a. [From Grub.]
Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
Grub"by, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any
species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U.
S.]
Grub"worm (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Grub, n.,
1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view.
C. Smart.
Grucche (?), v. i. [See
Grudge.] To murmur; to grumble.
[Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan.
Chaucer.
Grudge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grudger
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grudging.] [OE. grutchen,
gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF.
grochier, grouchier, grocier,
groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur,
krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]
1. To look upon with desire to possess or to
appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to
covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; --
followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and
indirect objects.
Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off
my train.
Shak.
I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not
grudge us our employments.
Swift.
They have grudged us contribution.
Shak.
2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or
purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.]
Perish they
That grudge one thought against your majesty !
Shak.
Grudge (?), v. i. 1.
To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to
complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.
Grudge not one against another.
James v. 9.
He eats his meat without grudging.
Shak.
2. To feel compunction or grief.
[Obs.]
Bp. Fisher.
Grudge, n. 1. Sullen malice or
malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an
old cause of hatred or quarrel.
Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity
against hie brother Jacob.
South.
The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a
grudge.
I. Taylor.
2. Slight symptom of disease.
[Obs.]
Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat
the grudges of more dreaded calamities.
Milton.
Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite.
See Pique.
Grudge"ful (?), a. Full of
grudge; envious. \'bdGrudgeful discontent.\'b8
Spenser.
Grud"geons (?), Gur"geons
(/), n. pl. [Prob. from P.
grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush,
grind, and E. grout.] Coarse
meal. [Obs.]
Gruddg"er (?), n. One who
grudges.
Grudg"ing*ly, adv. In a grudging
manner.
Grudg"ing*ness, n. The state or quality
of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.
Gru"el (?), n. [OF.
gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG.
gruzzi groats, G. gr\'81tze, As.
grut. See Grout.] A light, liquid
food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water
or milk; thin porridge.
Gru"el*ly, a. Like gruel; of the
consistence of gruel.
Grue"some (?), a. Same as
Grewsome. [Scot.]
Gruf (?), adv. [Cf.
Grovel.] Forwards; with one's face to the
ground. [Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously.
Chaucer.
Gruff (?), a.
[Compar. Gruffer (/);
superl. Gruffest.] [D.
grof; akin to G. grob, OHG.
gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw.
grof, perh. akin to AS. rc\'a2fan to break,
Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS.
prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.] Of a
rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly;
severe; harsh.
Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks.
Thackeray.
-- Gruff"ly, adv. --
Gruff"ness, n.
Gru"gru palm" (?). (Bot.) A
West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw
tree, under Macaw. [Written also
grigri palm.]
Gru"gru worm" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The larva or grub of a large South American beetle
(Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm
trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a
delicacy.
Grum (?), a. [Cf. Dan.
grum furious, Sw. grym, AS.
gram, and E. grim, and grumble.
/35.] 1. Morose; severe of countenance;
sour; surly; glum; grim. \'bdNick looked sour and
grum.\'b8
Arbuthnof.
2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling;
as,
Grum"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Grunbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling
(?).] [Cf. LG. grummeln,
grumman, D. grommelen, grommen,
and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W.
grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. Grum, Grim.] 1. To murmur
or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a
low voice and a surly manner.
L'Avare, not using half his store,
Still grumbles that he has no more.
Prior.
2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion
grumbling over his prey.
3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy
sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder
grumbles.
Grum"ble, v. t. To express or utter with
grumbling.
Grum"ble, n. 1. The noise of
one that grumbles.
2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.
A bad case of grumble.
Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.
Grum"bler (?), n. One who
grumbles.
Grum"bling*ly, adv. In a grumbling
manner.
Grume (?), n. [OF.
grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot
of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.] A thick,
viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood.
Quincy.
Grumb"ly (?), adv. In a grum
manner.
Gru*mose" (?), a. (Bot.)
Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.
Gru"mous (?), a. [Cf. F.
grumeleux. See Grume.] 1.
Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted;
as, grumous blood.
2. (Bot.) See Grumose.
Gru"mous*ness, n. The state of being
grumous.
gRUMPI*LY (?), ADV. In a surly
manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]
gRUMPY (?), a. [Cf.
Grumblle, and Grum.] Surly;
dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.]
Ferby.
Grun"del (?), n. [See
Groundling.] (Zo\'94l.) A
groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]
Grundsel (?), n.
Grounsel. [Obs.]
Grunt (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Grunting.] [OE.
grunten; akin to As. grunian, G.
grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw.
grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E.
groan.] To make a deep, short noise, as a hog;
to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.
Who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life.
Shak.
Grunting ox (Zo\'94l.), the
yak.
<-- p. 655 -->
Grunt (?), n. 1. A
deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
of American food fishes, of the genus H\'91mulon,
allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A.
Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H.
aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; -- also
applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys,
Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also
pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise
it makes when taken.
Grunt"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog.
\'bdBristled grunters.\'b8
Tennyson.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several American
marine fishes. See Sea robin, and Grunt,
n., 2.
3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in
lifting a crucible.
Grunt"ing*ly, adv. In a grunting
manner.
Grua"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of
grunt.] To grunt; to grunt
repeatedly. [Obs.]
Grunt"ling (?), n. A young
hog.
Grutch (?), v. See
Grudge. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
\'d8Gru"y\'8are` cheese\'b6 (/). A kind of cheese
made at Gruy\'8are, Switzerland. It is a
firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United
States as Schweitzerk\'84se.
Gry (?), n. [Gr / syllable,
bit.] 1. A measure equal to one tenth of a
line. [Obs.]
Locke.
2. Anything very small, or of little value.
[R.]
Gryde (?), v. i. To gride. See
Gride.
Spenser.
Gryf"on (?), n. [Obs.]
See Griffin.
Spenser.
\'d8Gryl"lus (?), n. [L.,
locust.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
insects including the common crickets.
Grype (?), v. t. To gripe.
[Obs.] See Gripe.
Spenser.
Grype, n. [Gr. gry`f,
grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the griffin.
[Written also gripe.]
[Obs.]
\'d8Gry*ph\'91"a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen.
gryphis, a griffin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of cretaceous fossil shells
allied to the oyster.
Gryph"ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
gryphite.] (Paleon.) A shell of
the genus Gryphea.
Gryph"on (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The griffin vulture.
\'d8Grys"bok (?) n. [D.
grijs gray + bok buck.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small South African antelope
(Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and
chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.
\'d8Gua*cha"ro (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
gu\'a0charo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a
sort of bird.] (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal bird
of South America and Trinidad (Steatornis Caripensis,
or S. steatornis); -- called also
oilbird.
Gua"cho (?), n.; pl.
Guachos (/) [Spanish American.]
1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian)
inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.
2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.
Gua"co (?), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia
anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent
bites. Lindley. (b) The Mikania
Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.
Gua"iac (?), a. [See
Guaiacum.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
guaiacum. -- n.
Guaiacum.
Gua"ia*cum (?), n. [NL., fr.
Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked
trees, growing in tropical America.
2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum
offinale or lignum-vit\'91, a large tree of the West Indies
and Central America. It is much used in medicine.
[Written also guaiac.]
Guan (?), n. ((Zo\'94l.)
Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of
Certal and South America, belonging to Penelope,
Pipile, Ortalis, and allied genera. Several
of the species are often domesticated.
Gua"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Iguana.
Gua*na"co (?), n.; pl.
Guanacos (#). [Sp.
guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf.
Huanaco.] (Zo\'94l.) A South
American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the
llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the
southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the
llama in a wild state. [Written also
huanaco.]
Gua"ni*dine (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A strongly alkaline base,
CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and
also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of
creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and
ammonia.<-- NH2.CNH.NH2 -->
Gua*nif"er*ous (?), a.
[Guano + -ferous.] Yielding
guano.
Ure.
Gua"nin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline substance
(C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is also a
constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in
mammals.
Gua"no (?), n.; pl.
Guanos (#). [Sp. guano,
fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A substance found
in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea
fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in
phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful
fertilizer.
\'d8Gua"ra (?), n. [Braz.
guar\'a0.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The scarlet ibis. See Ibis. (b)
A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis
jubatus) -- named from its cry.
\'d8Gua"ra*na` (?), n.
[Pg.] (Med.) A preparation from the
seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of
Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure
of headache.
Gua"ra*nine` (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same
as Caffeine.
Guar`an*tee" (?), n.; pl.
Guarantees (#). [For guaranty,
prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See
Guaranty, and cf. Warrantee.] 1.
In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment
of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the
failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable
to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or
insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security.
Same as Guaranty.
His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his
zeal.
Macaulay.
2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of
another performed; a guarantor.
South.
3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty
is made; -- the correlative of guarantor.
Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A
guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not
done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities
or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.
Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. guaranteed (?); p, pr. & vb.
n. Guaranteeing.] [From
Guarantee, n.] In law and common
usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the
performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure
(a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified
contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to
engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to
warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a
treaty.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union
a republican form of government.
Constitution of the U. S.
Guar"an*tor` (?), n. [See
Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.]
(Law) (a) One who makes or gives a
guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who
engages to secure another in any right or possession.
Guar"an*ty (?), n.; pl.
Guaranies (#). [OF.
guarantie, garantie, F.
garantie, OF. guarantir,
garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E.
garantir, fr. OF. guarant,
garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German
origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant,
and cf. Warranty, Guarantee.] In law
and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of
some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of
another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform;
a guarantee; a warranty; a security.
Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Guarantied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Guarantying.] [From
Guaranty, n.] In law and common
usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform
(what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the
debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the
performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a
failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure
(something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See
Guarantee, v. t.
Guaranty agrees in form with
warranty. Both guaranty and
guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the
United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is
guarantee.
Guard (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr.
&, vb. n. Gurding.] [OF.
guarder, garder, warder, F.
garder, fr. OHG. wart/n to be on the
watch, await, G. marten. See Ward,
v. & n., and cf. Guard,
n.] 1. To protect from danger; to
secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to
defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect
by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for.
For Heaven still guards the right.
Shak.
2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape
or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.
3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental
border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.
<-- (
The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with
fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither.
Shak.
4. To fasten by binding; to gird.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.
Guard (g, v. i. To
watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a
state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons
guard against mistakes.
Guard, n. [OF. guarde, F.
garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart,
marto, one who watches, mata a watching,
Goth. wardja watchman. See Guard, v.
t.]
1. One who, or that which, guards from injury,
danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection.
His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's
shaft.
Shak.
2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or
control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel.
The guard which kept the door of the king's
house.
Kings xiv. 27.
3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway
train; a conductor. [Eng.]
4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or
secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or
loss; as: (a) That part of a sword hilt which
protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem
protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain
or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress.
(d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the
deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the
deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam
vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on
each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft
against collision. (f) A plate of metal,
beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having
a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g)
(Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back,
as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when
filled.
5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet
and saber exercise.
6. An expression or admission intended to secure
against objections or censure.
They have expressed themselves with as few guards
and restrictions as I.
Atterbury.
7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep
guard.
8. (Zo\'94l.) The fibrous sheath which
covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.
Advanced guard, Coast guard,
etc. See under Advanced, Coast,
etc. -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of
the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance
posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat.
(a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships
of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good
lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor authorities
to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. --
Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells
of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain
chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a
guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard
duty. -- Guard duty (Mil.), the
duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or
sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.),
a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. --
Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard
appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. --
Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed
on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a
safeguard against derailment. -- Guard ship,
a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a
harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till
they can be distributed among their respective ships. --
Life guard (Mil.), a body of select
troops attending the person of a prince or high officer. --
Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive;
unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving
in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel;
watching. -- On one's guard, in a watchful
state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard
(Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel.
-- To run the guard/mcol>, to pass the watch
or sentinel without leave.
Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy;
escort; care; attention; watch; heed.
Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
gardable. See Guard, v. t.]
Capable of being guarded or protected.
Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF.
wardage. See Guard, v. t.]
Wardship [Obs.]
Shak.
Guard"ant (?), a. [OF.
guardant, p. pr. of guard/.
See Guard, v. t.] 1.
Acting as guardian. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. (Her.) Same as
Gardant.
Guard"ant, n. A guardian.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary;
circumspect; as, he was guarded in his
expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his
expressions were guarded. --
Guard"edly, adv. --
Guard"ed*ness, n.
Guard"en*age (?), n.
Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] \'bd His
tuition and guardenage.\'b8
Holland.
Guard"er (?), n. One who
guards.
Guard"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The garfish.
Guard"ful (?), a. Cautions;
wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] --
Guard"ful*ly, adv.
Guard"house` (?), n.
(Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard,
and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a
lock-up.
Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF.
guardain, gardien, F. gardien,
LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t.,
and cf. Wasden.] 1. One who guards,
preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is
committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury;
a warden.
2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to,
the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor
without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own
affairs.
Of the several species of guardians, the first are
guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some
cases) the mother of the child.
Blockstone.
Guardian ad litem (/) (Law),
a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a
particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor,
the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the
relief of the poor within a township, or district.
<-- p. 656 -->
Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing,
or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a
guardian care.
Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.)
a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated
on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a)
The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of
the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each
human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector
or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. --
Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan
nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that
presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a
region.
Guard"i*an*age (?), n.
Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guard"i*ance (?), n.
Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female
guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess.
Beau. & Fl.
Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a
guardian.
Marston.
Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or
care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.
Guard"less (?), a. Without a
guard or defense; unguarded.
Chapman.
Guard"room` (?), n.
(Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its
term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.
Guards (g, n. pl. A
body of picked troops; as, \'bdThe Household
Guards.\'b8
Guard"ship, n. Care; protection.
[Obs.]
Swift.
Guards"man (?), n.; pl.
Guardsmen (/). 1. One
who guards; a guard.
2. A member, either officer or private, of any
military body called Guards.
Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF.
guarir, garir, F.
gu\'82rir.] To heal.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Gua`te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.)
See Teosinte.
Gua"va (?), n. [Sp.
guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava
tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A
tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two
varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or
white guava, and P. pomiferum, or
red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like
a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent,
but makes a delicious jelly.
Gu"ber*nance (?), n.
Government. [Obs.]
Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L.
gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See
Govern.] To govern. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Gu"ber*na`tion (?), n. [L.
gubernatio.] The act of governing;
government [Obs.]
I. Watts.
Gu"ber*na*tive (?), a.
Governing. [Obs.]
Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al (?), a. [L.
gubernator governor. See Gabernate.]
Pertaining to a governor, or to government.
Gud"geon (?), n. [OE. gojon, F.
goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. / Cf. 1st Goby.
]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European
freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the
carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait.
In America the killifishes or minnows are often called
gudgeons.
2. What may be got without skill or merit.
Fish not, with this melancholy bait,
For this fool gudgeon, this opinion.
Shak.
3. A person easily duped or cheated.
Swift.
4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in
the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly,
any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a
hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.
6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket
attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the
rudder.
Ball gudgeon. See under
Ball.
Gud"geon, v. t. To deprive fraudulently;
to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon. [R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been
given you.
Sir IV. Scott.
Gue (?), n. A sharper; a
rogue. [Obs.]
J. Webstar.
Gue"ber Gue"bre (?),
n. Same as Gheber.
Guel"der*rose' (?), n.
[Supposed to be brought from Guelderland; hence,
D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F.
rose de Gueldre, It. rose di Gueldra, Sp.
rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.) A
cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V.
Opulus), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called
also snowball tree.
{ Guelph, Guelf } (?),
n. [It. Guelfo, from Welf,
the name of a German family.] (Hist.) One
of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th
centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and
opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.
{ Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic }
(?), a. Of or pertaining to the family
or the facttion of the Guelphs.
\'d8Guenon" (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several long-tailed Oriental
monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey
and grivet.
\'d8Gue`parde" (?), n. [Cf. F.
gu\'82pard.] (Zo\'94l.) The
cheetah.
Guer"don (?), n. [OF.
guerdon, guerredon, LL.
widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift,
cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl/n;
widar again, against (G. wider
wieder) + l reward, G.
lohn, akin to AS. le\'a0n Goth.
laun. See Withers.] A reward;
requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad
sense.
Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile
As loss or guerdon of a glorious lot.
Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just
guerdon of all his former villainies.
Knolles.
Guer"don (?), v. t. [OF.
guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon,
n.] To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a
recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe
To guerdon silence.
Tennyson.
Guer"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF.
guerredonable.] Worthy of reward.
Sir G. Buck.
Guer"don*less, a. Without reward or
guerdon.
Gue*re"za (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A beautiful Abyssinian monkey
(Colobus guereza), having the body black, with a
fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of
the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and
chin are white.
Gue*ril"la (?), a. See
Guerrilla.
Guer"ite (?), n. [F.
gu\'82rite.] (Fort.) A
projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of
works, or the acute angles of bastions.
Guern"sey lil"y (?). (Bot.) A
South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome
lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.
Guer*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., lit.,
a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG.
werra discord, strife. See War.]
1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the
constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of
Spain during the Peninsular war.
2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on,
irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band
engaged in predatory excursions in war time.
guerrilla is the diminutive of
the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty
war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally
in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular
band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able,
according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on
what the law terms a regular war.
F. Lieder.
Guer*ril"la, a. Pertaining to, or
engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent
bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla
warfare.
Guess (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Guessed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Guessing.] [OE. gessen; akin
to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel.
gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan.
giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to
guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E.
get. See Get.] 1. To form
an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge;
to judge of at random; to conjecture.
First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess.
Pope.
2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons
that seem preponderating, but are not decisive.
We may then guess how far it was from his design.
Milton.
Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress,
To be Taxallan enemies I guess.
Dryden.
3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture
rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have
the ring; he has guessed my designs.
4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory.
[Obs.]
Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess
them.
Shak.
5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; --
followed by an objective clause.
Not all together; better far, I guess,
That we do make our entrance several ways.
Shak.
But in known images of life I guess
The labor greater.
Pope.
Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine;
think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess,
Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to
attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a
thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on
hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to
guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The
use of the word guess for think or believe, although
abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as
antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may
properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used
respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no
uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to
bed.
Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random
judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc
This is the place, as well as I may guess.
Milton.
Guess, n. An opinion as to anything,
formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an
attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture;
a surmise.
A poet must confess
His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess.
Dryden.
Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being guessed.
Guess"er (?), n. One who
guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of
knowing.
Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of
conjecture.
Shak.
Guess"ive (?), a.
Conjectural. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A
guess warp.
Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A
rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so
called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be
carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant
object.
Guess"work` (?), n. Work
performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.
Guest (?), n. [OE.
gest, AS. g\'91st, gest; akin to
OS., D., & G. gust, Icel gestr, Sw.
g\'84st, Dan. Gj\'84st, Goth.
gast, Russ. goste, and to L.
hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning
stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown.
Cf. Host an army, Hostile.] 1.
A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house
or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.
To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that
night.
Spenser.
True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest.
Pope.
Guest (?), v. t. To receive or
entertain hospitably. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of,
a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was
That guested here so late.
Chapman.
Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The
line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the
manner of a guest.
Gue'vi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of several very small species and varieties of African
antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or
kleeneboc (C. pyg. m\'91a); -- called also pygmy
antelope.
Guf*faw" (/), n. A loud burst
of laughter, a horse laugh. \'bdA hearty low
guffaw.\'b8
Carlyle.
Guf"fer (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The eelpout; guffer eel.
Gug"gle (?), v. i. See
Gurgle.
Guhr (?), n. [G.] A
loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts
of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a
mixture of clay or ocher.
P. Cleaveland.
Gui"ac (?), n. Same as
Guaiac.
Gui"a*col (?), n.
[Guiac + -ol.]
(Chem.) A colorless liquid,
C6H4,OCH3.OH<-- ##comma in original. error? -->,
resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar
creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac
resin.
Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as
Guaiacum.
Guib (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus),
curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn
ground, and hence called harnessed antelope;
-- called also guiba.
\'d8Gui"co*war (?), n.
[Mahratta g, prop., a cowherd.]
The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; --
generally called the Guicowar of Baroda, which
is the capital of the country.
Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.
Sprat.
Guid"age (?), n. [See
Guide.] 1. The reward given to a
guide for services. [R.]
Ainsworth.
2. Guidance; lead; direction.
[R.]
Southey.
Guid"ance (?), n. [See
Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the
superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government;
a leading.
His studies were without guidance and without
plan.
Macaulay.
Guide (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr.
& vb. n. Guiding.] [OE.
guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It.
guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth.
ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel.
viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant,
to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf.
Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]
1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a
course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler.
I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's
court.
Shak.
2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to
superintend the training or education of; to instruct and
influence intellectually or morally; to train.
He will guide his affairs with discretion.
Ps. cxii. 5.
The meek will he guide in judgment.
Ps. xxv. 9.
Guide, n. [OE. giae, F.
guide, It. guida. See Guide,
v. t.] 1. A person who leads or
directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one
who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also,
that which guides; a guidebook.
2. One who, or that which, directs another in his
conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator.
He will be our guide, even unto death.
Ps. xlviii. 14.
3. Any contrivance, especially one having a
directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the
motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a
machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an
operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A
blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel
buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved
director for a probe or knife. (c)
(Printing) A strip or device to direct the
compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.
4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or
soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a
column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots,
formations, marches, and alignments in tactics.
Farrow.
Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a
steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the
motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being
a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also
guide, and slide bar.
-- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block
attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide
bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying)
See under Meridian. -- Guide pile
(Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a
point to work to. -- Guide pulley
(Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the
line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. --
Guide rail (Railroads), an additional
rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on
the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep
gradients.
Guide"board` (?), n. A board,
as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as
to the road.
Lowell.
Guide"book` (?), n. A book of
directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.
Guide"less, a. Without a guide.
Dryden.
Guide"post` (?), n. A post at
the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct
travelers.
Guid"er (?), n. A guide; a
director.
Shak.
Guid"er*ess (?), n. A female
guide. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Guid"guid` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American ant bird of the genus
Hylactes; -- called also barking
bird.
Gui"don (?), n. [F.
guidon, It. guidone. See Guide,
v. t.] 1. A small flag or
streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end
and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the
movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also,
the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service,
each company of cavalry has a guidon.
The pendants and guidons were carried by the
officer of the army.
Evelyn.
<-- p. 657 -->
2. One who carries a flag.
Johnson.
3. One of a community established at Rome, by
Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.
Gulge (?), n. [Obs.]
See Gige.
Guild (?), n. [OE.
gilds, AS. gild, gield,
geld, tribute, a society or company where payment was
made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay.
See Yield, v. t.] 1. An
association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in
kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a
business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers'
Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were
originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special
privileges and authority.
2. A guildhall. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. A religious association or society, organized
for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.
Guild"a*ble (?), a. Liable to a
tax. [Obs.]
Guil"der (?), n. [D.
gulden, orig., golden. Cf.
Golden.] A Dutch silver coin worth about
forty cents; -- called also florin and
gulden.
Guild"hall` (?), n. The hall
where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.
Guile (?), n. [OE.
guile, gile, OF. guile; of
German origin, and the same word as E. wile. See
Wile.] Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice;
duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.
Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no
guile.
John i. 47.
To wage by force or guile eternal war.
Milton.
Guile, v. t. [OF. guiler. See
Guile, n.] To disguise or conceal;
to deceive or delude. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Guile"ful (?), a. Full of
guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery;
guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly,
adv. -- Guile"ful*ness,
n.
Guile"less, a. Free from guile;
artless. -- Guile"less*ly,
adv. Guile"less*ness,
n.
Guil"or (?), n. [Cf. OF.
guileor.] A deceiver; one who deludes, or
uses guile. [Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Guil"le*met` (?), n.
[F.] A quotation mark. [R.]
Guil"le*mot` (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several northern sea birds,
allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and
are expert divers and swimmers.
Uria (as U. troile); the black or
foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria
grylle), is called also sea pigeon and
eligny. See Murre.
Guil`le*vat" [?], n. [F.
guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment)+
E. vat.] A vat for fermenting
liquors.
\'d8Guil"loche` (?), n. [F.
guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the
inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.)
An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings
twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular
openings which are filled with round ornaments.
Guil*loched" (?), a. Waved or
engine-turned.
Mollett.
Guil"lo*tine` (?), n. [F., from
Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the
Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax
or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and
was called at first Louison or Louisette.
Similar machines, however, were known earlier.] 1.
A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax
or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord,
and let fall upon the neck of the victim.
2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or
shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.
Guil"lo*tine` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Guillotined
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Guillotining.] [Cf. F.
guillotiner.] To behead with the
guillotine.
Guilt (?), n. [OE.
gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime;
probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an
offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS.
gieldan to pay, E. yield. See
Yield, v. t.] 1. The
criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from
willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh
state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime;
criminality; offense against right.
Satan had not answer, but stood struck
With guilt of his own sin.
Milton.
2. Exposure to any legal penalty or
forfeiture.
A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a
blockade.
Kent.
Guilt"i*ly (?), adv. In a
guilty manner.
Guilt"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being guilty.
Guilt"less, a. 1. Free from
guilt; innocent.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh
his name in vain.
Ex. xx. 7.
2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted
(with).
Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude,
Guiltless of fire, had formed.
Milton.
-- Guilt"less*ly, adv. --
Guilt"less*ness, n.
Guilt"-sick` (?), a. Made sick
by consciousness of guilt. \'bdA guilt-sick
conscience.\'b8
Beau. c& El.
Guilt"y (?), a.
[Compar. Gultier (?);
superl. Guiltiest.] [AS.
gyltig liable. See Guilt.] 1.
Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked;
chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly
exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually
followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.
They answered and said, He is guilty of death.
Matt. xxvi. 66.
Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife.
Dryden.
2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt;
as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a
guilty feeling.
3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. &
R.]
Dryden.
Guilt"y*like` (?), adv.
Guiltily. [Obs.]
Shak.
Guin"ea (?), n. 1. A
district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its
export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea
fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach,
etc., are named.
2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one
shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since
the issue of sovereigns in 1817.
The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it
was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty
shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one
shillings.
Pinkerton.
Guinea corn. (Bot.) See
Durra. -- Guinea Current
(Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting
southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.--
Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping
counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. --
Guinea fowl, Guinea hen
(Zo\'94l.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the
genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common
domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored
fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray
color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl
(N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea
grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or
amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass
(Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum
jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies
and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower
(Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria
Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the
Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under
Peach. -- Guinea pepper
(Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia
aromatica, a tree of the order Anonace\'91,
found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name
of Piper \'92thiopicum. --Guinea
pig. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana
pig.] (a) (Zo\'94l.) A small
Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in
length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and
black.<-- called also cavy -- used commonly as an experimental
animal in laboratory research. (c). metaphorically, any animal or
person used in an experiment; -- often applied to people who are
unwillingly or unknowingly subjected by authorities to policies
or procedures which might cause bodily or mental harm. -->
(b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett<-- obs
in this sense now. -->. -- Guinea plum
(Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium
excelsum, a large West African tree of the order
Chrysobalane\'91, having a scarcely edible fruit
somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray
plum and rough-skin plum. --
Guinea worm (Zo\'94l.), a long
and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis)
of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath
the skin, and produces painful sores.
Gui*pure" (?), n. [F.]
A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a
lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or
mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads
called bars or brides.
Guir"land (?), n.
[Obs.] See Garland.
Guise (?), n. [OE.
guise, gise, way, manner, F.
guise, fr. OHG. w\'c6sa, G.
weise. See Wise, n.]
1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom;
fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used
formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that
is, in his own fashion, to suit himself.
Chaucer.
The swain replied, \'bdIt never was our guise
To slight the poor, or aught humane despise.\'b8
Pope.
2. External appearance in manner or dress;
appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.
As then the guise was for each gentle swain.
Spenser.
A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than
any which
ever yet have overpowered the imagination.
Burke.
3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise
of patriotism.
Guis"er (?), n. [From
Guise.] A person in disguise; a masker; a
mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gui*tar" (?), n. [F.
guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It.
chitarra; all fr. Gr. /; cf. L. cithara.
Cf. Cittern, Gittern.] A stringed
instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but
larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver
wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.
Guit"guit` (?), n. [So called
from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several
species of small tropical American birds of the family
C\'d2rebid\'91, allied to the creepers; -- called also
quit. See Quit.
\'d8Gu"la (?), n.; pl. L.
Gul\'92 (#), E. Gulas
(#). [L., the throat, gullet.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upper
front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
(b) A plate which in most insects supports the
submentum.
2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as
Cymatium.
Gu"lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
gulaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining
to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See
Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.
Gu"laund (?), n. [Icel.
gul-\'94nd.] An arctic sea bird.
Gulch (?), n. 1. Act
of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]
2. A glutton. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent
when dry; a gully.
Gulch, v. t. [OE. gulchen;
cf. dial. Sw. g\'94lka to gulch, D.
gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.] To
swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]
Guid (?), n. A flower. See
Gold. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gul"den (?), n. See
Guilder.
Gule (?), v. t. To give the
color of gules to.
Gule (?), n. The throat; the
gullet. [Obs.]
Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous.
Gauden.
Gules (?), n. [OE.
goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule
throat, OF. gole, goule, L.
gula. So named from the red color of the throat. See
Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.)
The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of
escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically
for a red color or that which is red.
His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain
In which two swords he bore; his word,
\'bdDivide and reign.\'b8
P. Fletcher.
Follow thy drum;
With man's blood paint the ground; gules,
gules.
Shak.
Let's march to rest and set in gules, like
suns.
Beau. & Fl.
Gulf (?), n. [F.
golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. /
bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. /.] 1. A hollow
place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,
He then surveyed
Hell and the gulf between.
Milton.
Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.
Luke xvi. 26.
2. That which swallows; the gullet.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool;
a sucking eddy.
Shak.
A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold.
Tennyson.
4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea
extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the
Gulf of Mexico.
5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a
lode.
Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean
current of the North Atlantic. It originates in the
westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected
northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows
parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the
island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about
two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or
Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf
Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf
weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed
(Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous
berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the
Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.
Gulf"y (?), a. Full of
whirlpools or gulfs.
Chapman.
Gul"gul (?), n. [Hind.
galgal.] A cement made in India from sea
shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's
bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.
Gu"list (?), n. [L.
gulo.] A glutton. [Obs.]
Gull (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gulled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.]
[Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw.
gylla to deceive, D. kullen, and E.
cullibility.] To deceive; to cheat; to
mislead; to trick; to defraud.
The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed.
Dryden.
I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.
Coleridge.
Gull, n. 1. A cheating or
cheat; trick; fraud.
Shak.
2. One easily cheated; a dupe.
Shak.
Gull, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn.
gullan, W. gwylan.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of many species of long-winged sea
birds of the genus Larus and allied genera.
Larus argentatus), the great
black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull
(L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L.
Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus
canus.
Gull teaser (Zo\'94l.), the jager;
-- also applied to certain species of terns.
Gull"age (?), n. Act of being
gulled. [Obs.]
Had you no quirk.
To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature?
B. Jonson
Gull"er (?), n. One who gulls;
a deceiver.
Gull"er*y (?), n. An act, or
the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud.
[R.] \'bdA mere gullery.\'b8
Selden.
Gul"let (?), n. [OE.
golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole,
goule, throat, F. gueule, L.
gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G.
kenle; cf. F. goulet the neck of a bottle,
goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules,
Gully.] 1. (Anat.) The
tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the
stomach; the esophagus.
2. Something shaped like the food passage, or
performing similar functions; as: (a) A
channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A
preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width
for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A
concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.
<-- p. 658 -->
Gul"let*ing (?), n.
(Engin.) A system of excavating by means of
gullets or channels.
Gul"li*ble (?), a. Easily
gulled; that may be duped. --
Gul"li*bii`i*ty (#),
n.
Burke.
Gull"ish (?), a. Foolish;
stupid. [Obs.]
Gull"ish*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Gul"ly (?), n.; pl.
Gulles (#). [Etymol.
uncertain] A large knife.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies
(#). [Formerly gullet.]
1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a
current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when
dry.
2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate.
[Eng.]
Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.]
Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening
through which gutters discharge surface water.
Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gullied (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gullying.] To wear into a
gully or into gullies.<-- = wear down, not wear as
clothing! -->
Gul"ly, v. i. To flow noisily.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Gu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L.
gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See
Gullet.] Excessive appetite; greediness;
voracity. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Gulp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Gulped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.]
[D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.]
To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to
take down at one swallow.
He does not swallow, but he gulps it down.
Cowper.
The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole
narrative.
Fielding.
To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to
disgorge.
Gulp, n. 1. The act of taking a
large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at
once.
2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]
Gulph (?), n. [Obs.]
See Gulf.
Gult (?), n. Guilt. See
Guilt. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gult"y (?), a. Guilty.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gul"y (?), a. Of or pertaining
to gules; red. \'bdThose fatal guly dragons.\'b8
Milton.
Gum (?), n. [OE.
gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G.
gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel.
g/mr, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. / to
gape.] The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and
cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.
Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a
teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a
smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while
teething.
Gum, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the
spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See
Gummer.
Gum, n. [OE. gomme,
gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and
commis, fr. Gr. /, prob. from an Egyptian form
kam/; cf. It. gomma.] 1.
A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens
when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum
arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry
tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not
soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum
sandarac, which are really resins.
2. (Bot.) See Gum tree,
below.
3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree;
hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a
hollow log. [Southern U. S.]
4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U.
S.]
Black gum, Blue gum, British
gum, etc. See under Black,
Blue, etc. -- Gum Acaroidea, the
resinous gum of the Australian grass tree
(Xanlhorrh\'d2a). -- Gum animal
(Zo\'94l.), the galago of West Africa; -- so
called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. --
Gum animi or anim\'82. See Anim\'82.
-- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several
species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and
A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; --
called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic
comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant
apple. -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the
Indian plants Butea frondosa and B.
superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating
indigo. -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus
Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of
rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See
Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic,
Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc.
-- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum
juniper. See Sandarac. -- Gum
kino. See under Kino. -- Gum
lac. See Lac. -- Gum
Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental
species of Cistus or rock rose. -- Gum passages,
sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain
plants (Amygdalace\'91, Cactace\'91, etc.),
and affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a
varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other
ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of
a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated
saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a
resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter.
-- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac. --
Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded
by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoni\'84)
growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum
tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum
tree, the name given to several trees in America and
Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa
multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern
States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the
opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b)
A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See
Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the
United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and
beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike
fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. -- Gum
water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in
water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree,
esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South
Wales.
Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p.
Gummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gumming.] To smear with gum; to close
with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to
make sticky with a gumlike substance.
He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.
Gum, v. i. To exude or from gum; to
become gummy.
Gum"bo (?), n. [Written aalso
gombo.] 1. A soup thickened with
the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.
2. The okra plant or its pods.
Gum"boil (?), n. (Med.)
A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.
\'d8Gum"ma (?), n.; pl.
Gummata (#). [NL. So called from
its gummy contents See Gum.] (Med.)
A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.
Gum*ma"tous (?), a.
(Med.) Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.
Gum"mer (?), n. [From 2d
Gum.] A punch-cutting tool, or machine for
deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn
saw.
Gum*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
gummi gum + -ferous.] Producing
gum; gum-bearing.
Gum"mi*ness (?), n. The state
or quality of being gummy; viscousness.
Gum"mite (?), n. [So called
because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like
gum.] (Min.) A yellow amorphous mineral,
essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the
alteration of uraninite.
Gum*mos"i*ty (?), n. Gumminess;
a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.]
Floyer.
Gum"mous (?), a. [L.
gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]
1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a
gumma.
Gum"my (?), a. [Compar.
Gummer (/); superl. Gummirst.]
Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or
containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling
gum.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine.
Milton.
Then rubs his gummy eyes.
Dryden.
Gummy tumor (Med.), a
gumma.
Gump (?), n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan.
gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.]
A dolt; a dunce. [Low.]
Holloway.
Gump"tion (?), n. [OE.
gom, gome, attention; akin to AS.
ge\'a2mian, gyman, to regard, observe,
gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth.
gaumjan to see, notice.]
1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense.
[Colloq.]<-- in MW10 marked as chiefly dial. -->
One does not have gumption till one has been
properly cheated.
Lord Lytton.
2. (Paint.) (a) The art of
preparing colors. Sir W. Scott.
(b) Megilp. Fairholt.
<-- 3. initiative = primary modern usage -->
Gun (?), n. [OE.
gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir.,
Gael.) A LL. gunna, W. gum;
possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or
abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel,
a machine for hurling stones.] 1. A weapon
which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or
instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of
gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in
which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind,
which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and
fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called
small arms. Larger guns are called
cannon, ordnance,
fieldpieces, carronades,
howitzers, etc. See these terms in the
Vocabulary.
As swift as a pellet out of a gunne
When fire is in the powder runne.
Chaucer.
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to
cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found
out.
Selden.
2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in
a restricted sense, a cannon.
3. pl. (Naut.) Violent
blasts of wind.
rifled or
smoothbore, breech-loading or
muzzle-loading, cast or
built-up guns; or according to their use, as
field, mountain,
prairie, seacoast, and siege
guns.
Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading
cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William
Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece
of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in
any way. -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of
a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on
which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton
(Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive
nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric
and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances
containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble
ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with
explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and
open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of
cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction
from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See
Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons
are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making
celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety
(pyroxylin) for making collodion. See
Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun cotton is
frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is
not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of
nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under
Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which
the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal,
a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one
of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain
strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port
(Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a
cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun
tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys
affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to
and from the gun port. -- Gun tackle purchase
(Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks
and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a
wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German
inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a
breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage
or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges
which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid
succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by
turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute
with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner
gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt
gun, named for their inventors, and the French
mitrailleuse, are machine guns. --
To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a
gale. See Gun, n., 3.
Gun (?), v. i. To practice
fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form;
as, to go gunning.
<-- gun for = pursue with the intent to kill; Fig., to make
effort to harm someone, also used humorously; (MW10: "to aim at
or go after with determination or effort") -->
\'d8Gu"na (g, n.
[Skr. guna quality.] In Sanskrit
grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a,
i, e, by prefixing an a element. The
term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other
languages.
Gu"nar*chy (?), n. See
Gynarchy.
Gun"boat` (?), n. (Nav.)
A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.
Gun"cot`ton (?). See under
Gun.
Gun"de*let (?), n.
[Obs.] See Gondola.
Marston.
Gun"flint` (?), n. A sharpened
flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in
common use before the introduction of percussion caps.
<-- used in the flintlock -->
\'d8Gun"jah (?), n.
(Bot.) See Ganja.
Gun"lock` (?), n. The lock of a
gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock.
Gun"nage (?), n. The number of
guns carried by a ship of war.
Gun"nel (?), n. [See
Gunwale.] 1. A gunwale.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small, eel-shaped,
marine fish of the genus Mur\'91noides; esp., M. gunnellus of
Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock
eel.
Gun"ner (?), n. 1. One
who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.
2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of
the ordnance on a vessel.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The great
northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b)
The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish]
Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or
boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's
slang]
W. C. Russell.
Gun"ner*y (?), n. That branch
of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles,
and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.
Gun"nie (?), n. (Mining.)
Space left by the removal of ore.
Gun"ning (?), n. The act or
practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.
The art of gunning was but little practiced.
Goldsmith.
Gun"ny (?), n., Gun"ny
cloth` (/). [Hind. gon,
gon/,, a sack, sacking.] A strong, coarse
kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants
of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and
C. capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in
the manufacture of cordage.
Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for
coarse commodities.
Gu*noc"ra*cy (?), n. See
Gyneocracy.
Gun"pow`der (?), n.
(Chem.) A black, granular, explosive substance,
consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal,
and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.
Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the
hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder.
-- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot
to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal
laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the
conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under
the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is
known in England as Guy Fawkes Day. --
Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each
leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.
Gun"reach` (?), n. The reach or
distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.
Gun"room` (/), n.
(Naut.) An apartment on the after end of the
lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom
by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called
wardroom in the United States navy.
Gun"shot` (?), n. 1.
Act of firing a gun; a shot.
2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a
gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.
Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be
out of gunshot.
Dryden.
Gun"shot`, a. Made by the shot of a gun:
as. a gunshot wound.
Gun"smith (?), n. One whose
occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.
{ Gunsmith`er*y (?), Gun"smith`
ing, } n. The art or business of a
gunsmith.
Gun"stick (?), n. A stick to
ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod.
[R.]
Gun"stock` (?), n. The stock or
wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.
Gun"stome` (?), n. A cannon
ball; -- so called because originally made of stone.
[Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 659 -->
Gun"ter rig` (?). (Naut.) A
topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide
up and down the lower mast.
Gun"ter's chain` (?). (Surveying)
The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See
Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's
scale.
Gun"ter's line` (?). A logarithmic line on
Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and
division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also
line of lines, and line of
numbers.
Gun"ter's quad`rant (?). A thin quadrant,
made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on
the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day,
the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See
Gunter's scale.
Gun"ter's scale` (?). A scale invented by
the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of
astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also
Gunter's chain, and Gunter's
quadrant.
Gun"wale (?), n.
[Gun + wale. So named because the
upper guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.)
The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost
wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of
timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the
forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper
works of the hull. [Written also
gunnel.]
Gurge (?), n. [L.
gurges.] A whirlpool.
[Obs.]
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge
Boils out from under ground.
Milton.
Gurge, v. t. [See Gorge.] To
swallow up. [Obs.]
Gur"geons (?), n. pl.
[Obs.] See Grudgeons.
Gur"gle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gurgled
(?);p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling
(?).] [Cf. It. gorgogliare
to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf.
Gargle, Gorge.] To run or flow in a
broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a
small stream among pebbles or stones.
Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace,
And waste their music on the savage race.
Young.
Gur"gle, n. The act of gurgling; a
broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles."
W. Thompson.
Gur"glet (?), n. [See
Goglet.] A porous earthen jar for cooling
water by evaporation.
Gur"gling-ly` (?), adv. In a
gurgling manner.
Gur"goyle (?), n. See
Gargoyle.
Gur"jun (?), n. A thin balsam
or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus l\'91vis,
an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute
for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.
Gurl (?), n. A young person of
either sex. [Obs.] See Girl.
Chaucer.
Gur"let (?), n. (Masonry)
A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge.
Knight.
Gur"my (?), n. (Mining)
A level; a working.
{ Gur"nard (?), Gur"net
(?) } n. [OF. gornal,
gournal, gornart, perh. akin to F.
grogner to grunt; cf. Ir.
guirnead gurnard.] (Zo\'94l.)
One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla
and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed
cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The
name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins.
[Written also gournet.]
Plyling gurnard. See under
Flying.
Gur"ni*ad (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Gwiniad.
Gur"ry (?), n. An alvine
evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or
Local]
Holland.
Gur"ry`, n. [Hind.
garh\'c6.] A small fort.
[India]
Gurt (?), n. (Mining)
A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a
working drift.
Page.
Gurts (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Grout.] Groatts. [Obs.]
Gush (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gushed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.]
[OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and
gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to AS.
ge\'a2tan to pour, G. giessen, Goth.
giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to
cast.]
1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid;
to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow
copiously.
He smote the rock that the waters gushed out.
Ps ixxviii 20.
A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound.
Spenser.
2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of
affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative
manner. [Colloq.]
Gush, v. t. 1. A sudden and
violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a
liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus
emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush
of song from a bird.
The gush of springs,
An fall of lofty foundains.
Byron.
2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or
enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment.
[Collog.]
Gush"er (?), n. One who
gushes. [Colloq.]
Gush"ing, a. 1. Rushing forth
with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as,
gushing waters. \'bdGushing
blood.\'b8
Milton.
2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly
and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection;
sentimental. [Colloq.]
Gush"ing*ly (?), adv.
1. In a gushing manner; copiously.
Byron.
2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively.
[Colloq.]
Gus"set (?), n. [F.
gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of
gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or
W. cwysed gore, gusset.] 1. A
small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of
strengthening some part or giving it a tapering
enlargement.
Seam and gusset and band.
Hood.
2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment;
as: (a) (Armor) A small piece of chain
mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms.
(b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or
angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to
give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and
the fire box of a locomotive boiler.
3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of
dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.
Gust (?), n. [Icel.
gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.]
1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a
sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail,
stormy gust and flaw.
Milton.
2. A sudden violent burst of passion.
Bacon.
Gust, n. [L. gustus; cf. It.
& Sp. gusto.
1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish;
gusto.
An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much
gust and appetite.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that
which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment.
Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust.
Pope.
3. Intellectual taste; fancy.
A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of
the ancients.
Dryden.
Gust, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare,
It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST
a relish.] To taste; to have a relish for.
[Obs.]
Gust"a*ble (?), a. [See
Gust, v.] [Obs.]
1. Capable of being tasted; tastable.
This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall
bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter.
Harvey.
2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.
A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the
appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth.
Derham.
Gust"a*ble, n. Anything that can be
tasted. [Obs.]
Gus"tard (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The great bustard.
Gus*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
gustatio: cf. F. gustation.] The
act of tasting. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Gusta*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining
to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory
nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.
Gust"ful (?), a. Tasteful;
well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. --
Gust"ful*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Barrow.
Gust"ful, a. Gusty.
[R.]
A gustful April morn.
Tennyson.
Gust"less, a. Tasteless; insipid.
[R.]
Gus"to (?), n. [It. or Sp., fr.
L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d
GUST, GOUR.] Nice or keen
appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy.
Dryden.
\'d8Gus*to"so (?), a. & adv.
[It.] (Mus.) Tasteful; in a tasteful,
agreeable manner.
Gust"y (?), a. Subject to, or
characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy;
tempestuous.
Upon a raw and gusty day.
Shak.
Gut (?), n. [OE.
gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig.,
a channel, and akin to ge\'a2tan to pour. See
FOUND to cast.]
1. A narrow passage of water; as, the
Gut of Canso.
2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary
canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails.
3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp.
of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut.
4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when
ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into
a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as
the snood of a fish line.
Blind gut. See C\'92cum,
n. (b).
Gut, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Gutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gutting.] 1. To take out the
bowels from; to eviscerate.
2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the
interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the
bouse.
Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a
proper
name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased.
Addison.
\'d8Gut"ta (?), n.; pl.
Gutt\'92 (#). [L.]
1. A drop.
2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments,
in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of
the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the
Doric order; -- called also campana, and
drop.
Gutta serena [L., lit. serene or clear
drop] (Med.), amaurosis. --
Gutt\'91 band> (Arch.), the listel or
band from which the gutt\'91 hang.
Gut"ta-per`cha (?), n. [Malay
gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is
it procured.] A concrete juice produced by various
trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the
Isonandra, . It becomes soft,
and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on
cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers,
but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles
caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical
purposes. The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields
this material.
Gut"tate (?), a. [L.
guttatus. Cf. Gutty.] Spotted, as
if discolored by drops.
Gut"ta*ted (?), a. [See
Guttate.] Besprinkled with drops, or droplike
spots.
Bailey.
Gut"ta*trap (?), n. The
inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus
(A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in
making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.
Gut"ter (?), n. [OE.
gotere, OF. goutiere, F.
goutti\'8are, fr. OF. gote,
goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L.
gutta.]
1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying
away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.
2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to
lead off surface water.
Gutters running with ale.
Macaulay.
3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter
formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated
firing.
Gutter member (Arch.), an
architectural member made by treating the outside face of the
gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments,
regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. --
Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded
bottom for planing out gutters. -- Gutter
snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a
street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick
(Printing), one of the pieces of furniture which
separate pages in a form.
Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Guttered (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Guttering.] 1. To cut
or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel.
Shak.
2. To supply with a gutter or gutters.
[R.]
Dryden.
Gut"ter, v. i. To become channeled, as a
candle when the flame flares in the wind.
\'d8Gut"ti*fer` (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.]
(Bot.) A plant that exudes gum or resin.
Gut*tif"er*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous
substances. (b) Pertaining to a natural order
of trees and shrubs (Guttifer\'91) noted for their
abounding in a resinous sap.
Gut"ti*form (?), a. [L.
gutta a drop + -form.]
Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.
Gut"tle (?), v. t. & i. [From
GUT, n.] To put into the gut; to
swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Dryden.
Gut"tler (?), n. A greedy
eater; a glutton. [Obs.]
Gut"tu*lous (?), a. [L.
guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta
drop.] In droplike form. [Obs.]
In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air.
Sir T. Browne.
Gut"tur*al (?), a. [L.
guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.]
Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat;
relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the
throat.
Children are occasionally born with guttural
swellings.
W. Guthrie.
In such a sweet, guttural accent.
Landor.
Gut"tur*al, n. A sound formed in the
throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the
tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter
representing such a sound.
Gut"tur*al*ism (?), n. The
quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A
[in the 16th cent.]
Earle.
Gut"tur*al"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being guttural. [R.] \'bdThe old
gutturality of k.\'b8
Earle.
Gut"tur*al*ize (?), v. t. To
speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.
Gut"tur*al*ly, adv. In a guttural
manner.
Gut"tur*al*ness, n. The quality of being
guttural.
Gut"tur*ine (?), a. [L.
guttur throat.] Pertaining to the
throat. [Obs.] \'bdGutturine tumor.\'b8
Ray.
Gut"tur*ize (?), v. t. [L.
guttur throat.] To make in the throat; to
gutturalize. [R.]
For which the Germans gutturize a sound.
Coleridge.
Gut"tur*o- (?). A combining form denoting
relation to the throat; as, gutturo-nasal, having
both a guttural and a nasal character;
gutturo-palatal.
Gut"ty (?), a. [L.
gutta drop: cf. F. goutt\'82. Cf.
Guttated.] (Her.) Charged or
sprinkled with drops.
Gut"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative,
found in Africa.
Guy (?), n. [Sp.
guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships
to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and
the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf.
Gye.] A rope, chain, or rod attached to
anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object
which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place
the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope
connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to
prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a
structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the
ground, where it is fastened.
Guy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Guyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Guying.] To steady or guide with a
guy.
Guy, n. 1. A grotesque effigy,
like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the
fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.
The lady . . . who dresses like a guy.
W. S. Gilbert.
2. A person of queer looks or dress.
Dickens.
Guy, v. t. To fool; to baffle; to make
(a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog
U.S.]
Guyle (?), v. t. To
guile. [Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- p. 660 -->
Guze (?), n. [Cf.
Gules.] (Her.) A roundlet of
tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without mention
of the tincture.
Guz"zle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Guzzled
(?), p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling
(/).] [OP. gosillier,
prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F.
gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's
crop.] To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or
frequently.
Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar.
Milton.
Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise,
Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise.
Roscommon.
To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey.
Gay.
Guz"zle, v. t. To swallow much or often;
to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or
continually; as, one who guzzles beer.
Dryden.
Guz"zle, n. An insatiable thing or
person.
That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure.
Marston.
Guz"zler (?), n. An immoderate
drinker.
Gwin"i*ad (?), n. [W.
gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr.
gwyn white.] (Zool.) A fish (Coregonus
ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the
lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and
schelly. [Written also
gwyniad, guiniad,
gurniad.]
Gy"all (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Gayal.
Gyb (?), Gybe
(/), n. (Naut.) See
Jib. [Obs.]
Gybe (?), n. & v. See
Gibe.
Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Gybed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gybing.] [See Jibe.]
(Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the
other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel
is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite
side. [Also jibe.]
Gye (?), v. t. [OF.
guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf.
Guy.] To guide; to govern.
[Obs.]
Discreet enough his country for to gye.
Chaucer.
Gyle (?), n. [F.
guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.]
Fermented wort used for making vinegar.
Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in
which wort ferments.
Gym"nal (?), a. & n. Same as
Gimmal.
Gym*na"si*arch (?), n. [L.
gymnasiarchus, Gr. /; / + / to govern: cf. F.
gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.) An
Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the
oil and other necessaries at his own expense.
Gym*na"si*um (?) n.; pl. E.
Gymnasiums (#), L. Gymnasia
(#). [L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to exercise
(naked), fr. / naked.] 1. A place or
building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for
gymnastics.
2. A school for the higher branches of literature
and science; a preparatory school for the university;
-- used esp. of German schools of this kind.
More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than
universities.
Hallam.
Gym"nast (/), n. [Gr. / a
trainer of athletes: cf. F. gymnaste. See
Gymnasium.] One who teaches or practices
gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an
athlete.
{ Gym*nas"tic (?), Gym*nas"tic*al
(?), } a. [L.
gymnasticus, Gr. /: cf. F. gymnastique.
See Gymnasium.] Pertaining to athletic
exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of
games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the
discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary
exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic
exercises, contests, etc.
Gym*nas"tic, n. A gymnast.
[Obs.]
Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a gymnastic
manner.
Gym*nas"tics (?), n. Athletic
or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic
exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or
character.
{ Gym"nic (?), Gym"nic*al
(?) } a. [L. gymnicus,
Gr. /: cf. F. gymnique. See
Gymmasium.] Athletic; gymnastic.
[Obs.]
Have they not swordplayers, and every sort
Of gymnic artists, wrestlers, riders, runners ?
Milton.
Gym"nic, n. Athletic exercise.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Gym"nite (?), n. [Gr. /
naked. So called as coming from the Bare Hills, Maryland.]
(Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia.
\'d8Gym"no*blas`te*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / to
sprout.] (Zo\'94l.) The Athecata; -- so
called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a
capsule.
Gym"no*blas"tic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Gymnoblastea.
Gym`no*car"pous (?), a. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + / fruit.] (Bot.)
Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to
the perianth.
Gray.
\'d8Gym*noch"ro*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / skin,
body.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea
including the hydra. See Hydra.
\'d8Gym*noc"la*dus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / a
branch.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous
plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and
the seeds a substitute for coffee.
\'d8Gym"no*co`pa (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / an oar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of transparent, free-swimming
Annelida, having setae only in the cephalic
appendages.
Gym"no*cyte (?), n. [Gr.
gymno`s nake + / a hollow vessel.]
(Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a
nucleus.
Haeckel.
Gym"no*cy`tode (?), n. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + E. cytode.]
(Biol.) A cytode without either a cell wall or a
nucleus.
Haeckel.
Gym"no*dont (?), n. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + /, /, tooth.]
(Zool.) One of a group of plectognath fishes
(Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws consolidated
into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and
tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish,
Diodon.
Gym"no*gen (?), n. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + -gen.]
(Bot.) One of a class of plants, so called by
Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of
the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.
\'d8Gym"no*glos`sa (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / tongue.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropods in which the
odontophore is without teeth.
{ \'d8Gym"no*l\'91`ma (?),
\'d8Gym*no*l\'91"ma*ta (?), } n.
pl. [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / the
throat.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa,
having no epistome.
\'d8Gym"no*no`ti (?), n. pl.
[NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / the
back.] (Zo\'94l.) The order of fishes which
includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is
wanting.
Gym`no*p\'91d"ic ((?), a. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + /, /, a child.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having young that are naked when
hatched; psilop\'91dic; -- said of certain birds.
\'d8Gym`no*phi"o*na (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + /
serpentlike.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See
Ophiomorpha.
\'d8Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / the eye.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including the
naked-eyed medus\'91; the hydromedus\'91. Most of them are known
to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.
Gym"no*plast (?), n. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape,
mold.] (Biol.) A cell or mass of protoplasm
devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.
Gym"no*rhi`nal (?), a. [Gr.
gymno`s naked + /, /, the nose.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having unfeathered nostrils, as
certain birds.
\'d8Gym`no*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + /, /, the
body.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of
Pteropoda. They have no shell.
Gym*nos"o*phist (?), n. [Gr.
/; gymno`s naked + / philosopher; cf. F.
gymnosophisle.] One of a sect of
philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the
Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh,
renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the
contemplation of nature.
Gym*nos"o*phy (?), n. The
doctrines of the Gymnosophists.
Good.
Gym"no*sperm (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e.,
seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock.
Cf. Angiosperm.
Gym"no*sper`mous (?), n. [Gr.
gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked +
spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.]
(Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds
not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b)
Belonging to the class of plants consisting of
gymnosperms.
\'d8Gym*not"o*ka (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / a bringing
forth.] (Zo\'94l.) The Athecata.
\'d8Gym*no"tus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + / the back: cf. F.
gymnote.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
South American fresh-water fishes, including the Gymnotus
electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like
body, and is possessed of electric power.
One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the
electric blow of the gymnotus.
De Quincey.
Gyn (?), v. i. To begin
[Obs.] See Gin.
{ \'d8Gyn`\'91*ce"um (?),
\'d8Gyn`\'91*ci"um (?) }, n.
[L., fr. Gr. / women's apartments, fr. / a woman.]
The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively
appropriated to women. [Written also
gyneceum, gynecium.]
Tennyson.
Gy*n\'91"cian (?), a. The same
as Gynecian.
Gy`n\'91"co*phore (?), n. [Gr.
/ the women's apartments + / to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A ventral canal or groove, in which
the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See
Illust. of H\'91matozoa.
Gy*nan"der (?), n. [See
Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A plant having
the stamens inserted in the pistil.
\'d8Gy*nan"dri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)
A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow
out of, or are united with, the pistil.
{ Gy*nan"dri*an (?), Gy*nan"drous
(?), } a. [Gr.
gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman +
/, /, man: cf. F. gynandre.]
(Bot.) Having stamens inserted in the pistil;
belonging to the class Gynandria.
Gy*nan"dro*morph (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An animal affected with
gynandromorphism,
Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism (?), n.
[Gr. gynh` a woman, female + /, /, a man,
male + / form.] (Zo\'94l.) An abnormal
condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external
characters of the male, and the other those of the female.
Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Affected, with gynandromorphism.
Gy*nan"ther*ous (?), a. [Gr.
gynh` a woman + E. anther.]
(Bot.) Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the
flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils.
A. Brown.
Gyn"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr.
gynh` a woman+ -archy.]
Government by a woman.
Chesterfield.
\'d8Gyn"e*ce`um (?), n. See
Gyn\'91ceum.
Gy*ne"cian (?), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or relating to women.
Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr.
/; gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + / to
rule: cf. F. gyn\'82cocratie. Cf.
Gynocracy.] Government by a woman, female
power; gyneocracy.
Bailey.
Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to gynecology.
Gyn"e*col`o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+
-logy.] The science which treats of the
structure and diseases of women. --
Gyn`e*col"o*gist.
Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy (?), n. See
Gynecocracy.
Gyn`e*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. /
a woman + / worship.] The adoration or worship of
woman.
The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was
at best but skin-deep.
Lowell.
\'d8Gyn`e*pho"bi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a woman + / fear.] Hatred of
women; repugnance to the society of women.
Holmes.
Gyn"no (?), v. i. To begin. See
Gin. [Obs.]
Gyn"o*base (?), n. [Gr. / a
woman, female + E. base.] (Bot.)
A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular
ovary.
Gyn"o*ba`sic (?), a.
(Bot.) Pertaining to, or having, a
gynobase.
Gy*noc"ra*cy (?), n. [See
Gynecocracy.] Female government;
gynecocracy.
The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute
despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate
stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even
gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for
nearly nine months by an old fishwoman.
Sir H. Scott.
Gy"no*di*\'d2`cious (?), a.
[Gr. / a woman + E. di/cious.]
(Bot.) Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite
or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly
pistillate flowers.
\'d8Gy*n\'d2"ci*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a woman + / house.]
(Bot.) The pistils of a flower, taken
collectively. See Illust. of Carpophore.
Gyn"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. /
woman, female + / to bear, produce: cf. F.
gynophore.] 1. (Bot.)
The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens,
as in the passion flower.
Lindley.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the branches
bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.
Gyp (?), n. [Said to be a
sportive application of Gr. / a vulture.] A college
servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a
scout. [Cant]
Gypse (?), n. [F.]
See Gypsum. [Obs.]
Pococke.
Gyp"se*ous (?), a. [L.
gypseus. See Gypsum.] Resembling
or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.
Gyp"sey (?), n. A gypsy. See
Gypsy.
Gyp*sif"er*ous (?), a.
[Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F.
gypsif/re.] Containing gypsum.
Gyp'sine ((?), a.
Gypseous. [R.]
Chambers.
Gyp*sog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Gypsum + -graphy.] The
act or art of engraving on gypsum.
Gyp"so*plast (?), n.
[Gypsum + Gr. / to mold.] A cast
taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.
Gyp"sum (?), n. [L.
gypsum, Gr. /; cf. Ar. jibs plaster,
mortar, Per. jabs/n lime.] (Min.)
A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime
(calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is
a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white,
massive variety.
Gyp"sy (?), n.; pl.
Gypsies (#). [OE.
Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian,
gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See
Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy
and gypsey.] 1. One of a
vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India,
entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over
Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft,
fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf.
Bohemian, Romany.
Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose,
Beguiled me to the very heart of loss.
Shak.
2. The language used by the gypsies.
Shak.
3. A dark-complexioned person.
Shak.
4. A cunning or crafty person
[Collog.]
Prior.
Gyp"sy a. Pertaining to, or suitable
for, gypsies.
Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed
hat, usually of straw or felt. -- Gypsy winch,
a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a
ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.
<-- p. 661 -->
Gyp"sy (?), v. i. To play the
gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly.
Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.
Gyp"sy*ism (?), n. 1.
The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception;
cheating; flattery.
2. The state of a gypsy.
Gyp"sy*wort" (?), n.
(Bot.) A labiate plant (the Lycopus
Europ\'91us). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its
juice.
\'d8Gyr`a*can"thus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr, / round + / spine.]
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, found in
Devonian and carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round,
sculptured spines.
Gy"ral (?), a. [See
Gyre.] 1. Moving in a circular path
or way; whirling; gyratory.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or
convolution.
Gy"rant (?), a. Gyrating.
[R.]
Gy"rate (?), a. [L.
gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of
gyrare.] Winding or coiled round; curved
into a circle; taking a circular course.
Gy"rate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Gyrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gyrating.] [L. gyratus, p.
p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre,
n.] To revolve round a central point; to
move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.
Gy*ra"tion (?), n. 1.
The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a
circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation;
revolution.
The gyrations of an ascending balloon.
De Quincey.
If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with
gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will
appear like fire.
Sir I. Newton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the whorls of a
spiral univalve shell.
Center of gyration. (Mech.) See
under Center. -- Radius of gyration
the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center
of gyration. Rankine.
Gy"ra*to*ry (?), a. Moving in a
circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.
Gyre (?), n. [L.
gyrus, Gr. /, cf. / round.] A circular
motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or
revolution; a circuit.
Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres.
Dryden.
Still expanding and ascending gyres.
Mrs. Browning.
Gyre, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF.
gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.]
To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall. Drayton.
Gyre"ful (?), a. Abounding in
gyres. [Obs.]
\'d8Gyr"en*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl.
[NL. fr. Gr. / round+ / the brain.]
(Zo\'94l.) The higher orders of Mammalia, in
which the cerebrum is convoluted. --
Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous (#),
a.
Gyr"fal`con (?), n. [OE.
gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL.
gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle +
falco falcon, and named from its circling flight; or
cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n.,
Falcon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several
species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco
rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus,
both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are
varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter.
[Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon,
and jerfalcon.]
\'d8Gy"ri (?), n. pl. See
Gyrus.
Gyr"land (?), v. t. [See
Garland.] To garland.
[Obs.]
\'d8Gyr"o*dus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / round + / tooth.] (Paleon.) A
genus of extinct o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in
several rows adapted for crushing.
Gy*rog"o*nite (?), n. [Gr. /
circle, ring + / fruit.] (Paleon.) The
petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See
Stonewort.
Lyell.
Gy*roid"al (?), a. [Gr. /
circle + -oid + -al.] 1. Spiral
in arrangement or action.
2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes
arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or
left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral
forms.
3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of
polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.
\'d8Gy*rol"e*pis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / round + / scale.] (Paleon.)
A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red
sandetone, and the lias bone beds.
Agassiz.
\'d8Gy*ro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / to round, bend, fr. / round.] A turning
round. [R.]
Gyr"o*man"cy (?), n. [Gr. /
ring, circle + -mancy: cf. F.
gyromancie.] A kind of divination performed
by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it.
Brande & C.
Gy"ron (?), n. [F.
giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of
cloth,] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular
form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite
aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron
on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess
point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter
chief corner.
Gy"ron*ny (?), a. [F.
gironn/.] (Her.) Covered with
gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an
escutcheon.
Gy"ro*pi"geon (?), n. [L.
gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.]
A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when
projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in
shooting matches.
Knight.
Gy"ro*scope (?), n. [Gr. /
ring, circle + -scope.] 1. A
rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the
dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc.
It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it
was called the rotascope.
2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M.
Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation
of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to
preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the
earth's motion.
Gy"ro*scop"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the
gyroscope.
Gy-rose" (?), a. [See
Gyre.] (Bot.) Turned round like a
crook, or bent to and fro.
Loudon.
Gy"ro*stat (?), n. [Gr. /
ring, circle + / to cause to stand.] (Physics)
A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a
fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin
flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in
studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.
Gy"ro*stat"ic (?), a.
(Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to
gyrostatics.
Gy"ro*stat"ics (?), n.
(Physics) The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat,
or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.
\'d8Gy"rus (?), n.; pl.
Gyri (#). [L. See Gyre,
n.] A convoluted ridge between grooves; a
convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the
gyri of brain coral. See Brain.
Gyse (?), n. Guise.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gyte (?), a. Delirious;
senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean
gyte. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Gyve (?), n. [Of Celtic origin;
cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.] A
shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.
[Written also give.]
Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves.
Shak.
With gyves upon his wrist.
Hood.
Gyve, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Gyved (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gyving.] To fetter; to shackle; to
chain.
Spenser.
I will gyve thee in thine own courtship.
Shak.
H.
H (?), the eighth letter of the English
alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the
mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding
vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs
representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as
sh, th, th, as in shall, thing,
thine (for zh see tch as in catch), with the
latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom.
In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign
languages, h following c and g
indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before
e, i, and y, as in
chemistry, chiromancy, chyle,
Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others,
ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See
Guide to Pronunciation,
The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its
form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used
as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it
came to represent the long vowel, Gr. c; as in E.
horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E.
hele, v. t., conceal; E.
hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E.
hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on,
Skr. ata.
H piece (Mining), the part of a
plunger pump which contains the valve.
H (h. (Mus.) The seventh
degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B
natural. See B.
Ha (h, interj.
[AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or
grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great
variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When
repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction,
or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is
equivalent to \'bdWell, it is so.\'b8
Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical
rebuke.
Carlyle.
Haaf (?), n. [Of Scand. origin;
cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E.
haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk,
off the Shetland Isles.
Haak (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A sea fish. See Hake.
Ash.
Haar (?), n. [See
Hoar.] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a
chill wind. [Scot.]
T. Chalmers.
\'d8Ha"be*as corpus (?). [L. you may have
the body.] (Law) A writ having for its
object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one
to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention
by another, with the view to protect the right to personal
liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a
pending trial.
Bouvier.
\'d8Ha*ben"dum (?), n. [L.,
that must be had.] (Law)
That part of a deed which follows the part called the
premises, and determines the extent of the interest or
estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word
Habendum.
Kent.
Hab"er*dash (?), v. i. [See
Haberdasher.] To deal in small wares.
[R.]
To haberdash in earth's base ware.
Quarles.
Hab"er*dash"er (?), n. [Prob.
fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through
French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to
Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche
pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]
1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins,
needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.]
The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats.
Gascoigne.
2. A dealer in drapery goods of various
descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.
Hab"er*dash"er*y (?), n. The
goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.),
trifles.
Burke.
Hab"er*dine" (?), n. [D.
abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form,
cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district,
cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The
l was misunderstood as the French article.] A
cod salted and dried.
Ainsworth.
Ha*ber"ge*on (?), n. [F.
haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F.
haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short hauberk, but
often used loosely for the hauberk.
Chaucer.
Hab"i*la*to*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes.
Ld. Lytton.
Hab"ile (?), a. [F.
habile, L. habilis. See Able,
Habit.] Fit; qualified; also, apt.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ha*bil"i*ment (?), n. [F.
habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit,
make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See
Habile.] 1. A garment; an article of
clothing.
Camden.
2. pl. Dress, in general.
Shak.
Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a. Clothed. Taylor
(1630).
Ha*bil"i*tate (?), a. [LL.
habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.]
Qualified or entitled. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ha*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. To fit
out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle.
Johnson.
Ha*bil"i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL.
habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.]
Equipment; qualification. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ha*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See
Ability.] Ability; aptitude.
[Obs.]
Robynson. (More's Utopia).
Hab"it (#) n. [OE.
habit, abit fr. habit fr. L.
habitus state, appearance, dress, fr.
habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E.
have. See Have, and cf. Able,
Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit,
Malady.] 1. The usual condition or
state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded
as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a
religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have
a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or
constitution; as, a full habit of body.
2. (Biol.) The general appearance and
manner of life of a living organism.
3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of
conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary
tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired
by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second
nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms
of behavior.
A man of very shy, retired habits.
W. Irving.
4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a
garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies;
as, a riding habit.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy.
Shak.
There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different
habits.
Addison.
Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion.
-- Habit, Custom. Habit is a
disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and
with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is
external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the
same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The
custom of giving produces a habit of liberality;
habits of devotion promote the custom of
going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the
will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a
law of our being, a kind of \'bdsecond nature\'b8 which grows up
within us.
How use doth breed a habit in a man !
Shak.
He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute,
Consent, or custom.
Milton.
Hab"it (?), v. t.
[ Habited; p. pr.
& vb. n. Habiting.] [OE.
habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L.
habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr.
habere to have. See Habit, n.]
1. To inhabit. [Obs.]
In thilke places as they [birds] habiten.
Rom. of R.
2. To dress; to clothe; to array.
They habited themselves lite those rural
deities.
Dryden.
3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Habitableness.
Hab"it*a*ble (?), a. [F.
habitable, L. habitbilis.] Capable
of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as,
the habitable world. --
Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. --
Hab"it*a*bly, adv.
<-- p. 662 -->
Hab"ita*kle (?), n [F.
habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L.
habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle,
Habit, v.] A dwelling place.
Chaucer. Southey.
Ha`bi`tan" (?), n. Same as
Habitant, 2.
General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the
feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry.
W. Irwing.
Hab"it*ance (?), n. [OF.
habitance, LL. habitania.]
Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Habi"it*an*cy (?), n. Same as
Inhabitancy.
Hab`it*ant (?), n. [F.
habitant. See Habit,
v.t]
1. An inhabitant; a dweller.
Milton. Pope.
2. [F. pron. (/)] An
inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers
of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province
of Quebec; -- usually in plural.
The habitants or cultivators of the soil.
Parkman.
Hab`i*tat (?), n. [L., it
dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v.
t.] 1. (Biol.) The natural
abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.
2. Place where anything is commonly found.
This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire.
Earle.
Hab`i*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
habitation, L.
habi(/)atio.] 1. The
act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being
inhabited; occupancy.
Denham.
2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence;
house.
The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the
just.
Prov. iii. 33.
Hab"ita`tor (?), n. [L.]
A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Hab`it*ed (?), p. p. & a.
1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was
habited like a shepherd.
2. Fixed by habit; accustomed.
[Obs.]
So habited he was in sobriety.
Fuller.
3. Inhabited. [Archaic]
Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of
men and women.
Addison.
Ha*bit"ual (?; 135), a. [Cf. F.
habituel, LL. habituals. See
Habit, n.] 1. Formed or
acquired by habit or use.
An habitual knowledge of certain rules and
maxims.
South.
2. According to habit; established by habit;
customary; constant; as, the habiual practice of
sin.
It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to
be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings.
Buckminster.
Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted;
ordinary; regular; familiar.
-- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. --
Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.
Ha*bit"u*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Habituated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating
(?).] [L. habituatus, p. p.
of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of
body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.]
1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to
familiarize.
Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder
clime.
Sir K. Digby.
Men are first corrupted . . . and next they
habituate themselves to their vicious practices.
Tillotson.
2. To settle as an inhabitant.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.
Ha*bit"u*ate (?), a. Firmly
established by custom; formed by habit; habitual.
[R.]
Hammond.
Ha*bit`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
habituation.] The act of habituating, or
accustoming; the state of being habituated.
Hab"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L.
habitudo condition. See Habit.]
1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state
with reference to something else; established or usual
relations.
South.
The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes
one to another.
Locke.
The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than
/heir habitudes of thinking.
Landor.
2. Habitual association, intercourse, or
familiarity.
To write well, one must have frequent habitudes
with the best company.
Dryden.
3. Habit of body or of action.
Shak.
It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without
an infinite /umber of acts and perpetual practice.
Dryden.
\'d8Ha`bi`tu`e" (?), n. [F., p.
p. of habituer. See Habituate.]
One who habitually frequents a place; as, an
habitu\'82 of a theater.
Hab"i*ture (?; 135), n.
Habitude. [Obs.]
\'d8Hab"i*tus (?), n.
[L.] (Zo\'94l.) Habitude; mode of
life; general appearance.
Ha"ble (?), a. See
Habile. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hab"nab (?), adv.
[Hobnob.] By chance.
[Obs.]
Hach"ure (?), n. [F., fr.
hacher to hack. See Hatching.]
(Fine Arts) A short line used in drawing and
engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces,
as in map drawing. See Hatching.
\'d8Ha`ci*en"da (? or ?), n.
[Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment, estate, fr.
L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be
done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.]
A large estate where work of any kind is done, as
agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a
cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming
establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used
in Spanish-American regions.
<-- 2. The main residence of a hacienda 1. -->
Hack (?), n. [See
Hatch a half door.] 1. A frame or
grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or
cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race,
etc.
2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for
drying.
Hack, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hacking.] [OE. hakken; akin
to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan.
hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E.
hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.]
1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite
purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting
instrument; as, to hack a post.
My sword hacked like a handsaw.
Shak.
2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking.
Shak.
Hack, v. i. To cough faintly and
frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a
hacking cough.
Hack, n. 1. A notch; a
cut.
Shak.
2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick
used in breaking stone.
3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken
cough.
Dr. H. More.
4. (Football) A kick on the shins.
T. Hughes.
Hack saw, a handsaw having a narrow blade
stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.
Hack (?), n. [Shortened fr.
hackney. See Hackney.]
1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire;
also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as
distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.
2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly,
a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney
coach.
On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded
chariots.
Pope.
3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort
of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge.
Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed,
Who long was a bookseller's hack.
Goldsmith.
4. A procuress.
Hack, a. Hackneyed; hired;
mercenary.
Wakefield.
Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire.
\'bdA vulgar hack writer.\'b8
Macaulay.
Hack, v. t. 1. To use as a
hack; to let out for hire.
2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to
render trite and commonplace.<-- = hackney? -->
The word \'bdremarkable\'b8 has been so hacked of
late.
J. H. Newman.
Hack, v. i. 1. To be exposed or
offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute.
Hanmer.
2. To live the life of a drudge or hack.
Goldsmith.
Hack"a*more (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
jaquima headstall of a halter.] A halter
consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used
for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western
U.S.]
Hack"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus of trees (Celtis)
related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often
edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern
United States.
Gray.
Hack"bolt` (?), n,
(Zo\'94l.) The greater shearwater or hagdon. See
Hagdon.
Hack"buss (?), n. Same as
Hagbut.
Hack"ee (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or
red squirrel. [U.S.]
Hack"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making
notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting
turpentine; a hack.
Hack"er*y (?), n. [Hind.
chakr\'be.] A cart with wooden wheels,
drawn by bullocks. [Bengal]
Malcom.
Hac"kle (?), n. [See
Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]
1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a
hatchel.
2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.
3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on
the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in
making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.
4. An artificial fly for angling, made of
feathers.
Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hackled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hackling (?).] 1.
To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the
fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or
hatchel.
2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces.
The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled
and torn to pieces.
Burke.
Hac"kly (?), a. [From
Hackle] 1. Rough or broken, as if
hacked.
2. (Min.) Having fine, short, and sharp
points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of
metallic iron.
Hack"man (?), n.; pl.
Hackmen (/). The driver of a
hack or carriage for public hire.
Hack"ma*tack` (?), n. [Of
American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The
American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree
with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained
timber. Called also tamarack.
Hack"ney (?), n.; pl.
Hackneys (#). [OE.
haceney, hacenay; cf. F.
haquen\'82e a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also
haquen\'82e, Sp. hacanea, OSp.
facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF.
haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp.
faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and
orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse,
Nag.] 1. A horse for riding or
driving; a nag; a pony.
Chaucer.
2. A horse or pony kept for hire.
3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney
coach.
4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.
Hack"ney, a. Let out for hire; devoted
to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as,
hackney coaches; hackney authors.
\'bdHackney tongue.\'b8
Roscommon.
<-- also hackneyed -->
Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hackneyed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hackneying.] 1. To
devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear
out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a
hackneyed metaphor or quotation.
Had I lavish of my presence been,
So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men.
Shak.
2. To carry in a hackney coach.
Cowper.
Hack"ney*man (?), n.; pl.
Hackneymen (/). A man who lets
horses and carriages for hire.
Hack"ster (?), n. [From
Hack to cut.] A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an
assassin. [Obs.]
Milton.
Hac"que*ton (?), n. Same as
Acton. [Obs.]
Had (?), imp. & p. p. of
Have. [OE.had, hafde,
hefde, AS. h\'91fde.] See
Have.
Had as lief, Had rather, Had
better, Had as soon, etc., with a
nominative and followed by the infinitive without to,
are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction
was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by
the infinitive. See Had better, under
Better.
And lever me is be pore and trewe.
[And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.]
C. Mundi (Trans. ).
Him had been lever to be syke.
[To him it had been preferable to be sick.]
Fabian.
For him was lever have at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . .
Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.
Chaucer.
Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative,
and had for the forms of be. During the
process of transition, the nominative with was or
were, and the dative with had, are
found.
Poor lady, she were better love a dream.
Shak.
You were best hang yourself.
Beau. & Fl.
Me rather had my heart might feel your love
Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.
Shak.
I hadde levere than my scherte,
That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I.
Chaucer.
I had as lief not be as live to be
In awe of such a thing as I myself.
Shak.
I had rather be a dog and bay the moon,
Than such a Roman.
Shak.
I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my
God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.
Ps. lxxxiv.10.
Had"der (?), n. Heather;
heath. [Obs.] Burton.
Had"die (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The haddock.
[Scot.]
Had"dock (?), n. [OE.
hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir.
codog, Gael. adag, F.
hadot.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine food
fish (Melanogrammus \'91glefinus), allied to the cod,
inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a
dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just
back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and
dickie.
Norway haddock, a marine edible fish
(Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See
Rose fish.
Hade (?), n. [Cf.
heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde
declivity.] 1. The descent of a hill.
[Obs.]
2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation
from the vertical of any mineral vein.
Hade, v. i. (Mining) To
deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or
lode.
Ha"des (?), n. [Gr./ + /
to see. Cf. Un-, Wit.] The nether
world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades,
ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the
grave.
And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in
them.
Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ).
Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see
corruption.
Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).
And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in
torments.
Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).
\'d8Hadj (?), n.
[Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk,
go on a pilgrimage.] The pilgrimage to Mecca,
performed by Mohammedans.
Hadj"i (?), n. [Ar.
h\'bej. See Hadj.] 1.
A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a
respectful salutation or a title of honor.
G. W. Curtis.
2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy
sepulcher at Jerusalem.
Heyse.
\'d8Had`ro*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros
lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous
dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in
the Cretaceous formation.
H\'91c*ce`i*ty (?), [L.
h\'91cce this.] (Logic)
Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to
express individuality or singleness; as, this
book.
H\'91m"a- (/ or /),
H\'91m"a*to- (/ or /), H\'91m"o-
(/ or /). [Gr. ai^"ma,
blood.] Combining forms indicating relation or
resemblance to blood, association with blood;
as, h\'91mapod, h\'91matogenesis,
h\'91moscope.
hema-,
hemato-, hemo-, as well as
h\'91ma-, h\'91mato-,
h\'91mo-.
H\'91m"a*chrome (? , n.
[H\'91ma- + Gr. / color.] (Physiol.
Chem.) Hematin.
H\'91m`a*cy"a*nin (?), n.
[H\'91ma- + Gr./ a dark blue substance.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A substance found in the blood
of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.
oxyh\'91macyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has
been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and
in the bile.
H\'91m`a*cy*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91ma + Gr. / a hollow vessel +
-meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus
for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of
blood.
H\'91"mad (?), adv.
[H\'91ma- + L. ad toward.]
(Anat.) Toward the h\'91mal side; on the h\'91mal
side of; -- opposed to neurad.
{ H\'91m`a*drom"e*ter (? or ?),
H\'91m`a*dre*mom"e*ter (?), }
n. Same as Hemadrometer.
{ H\'91m`a*drom"e*try
(?),H\'91m`a*dro*mom"e*try (?),
} n. Same as Hemadrometry.
H\'91m`a*drom"o*graph (?), n.
[H\'91ma- + Gr. / course +
-graph.] (Physiol.) An
instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.
H\'91`ma*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?)
H\'91`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?),
Same as Hemadynamometer.
H\'91ma*dy*nam"ics (/), n.
Same as Hemadynamics.
H\'91"mal (?), a. [Gr. /
blood.] Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels;
also, ventral. See Hemal.
H\'91m`a*ph\'91"in (?), n.
[H\'91ma- + Gr. / dusky.]
(Physiol.) A brownish substance sometimes found
in the blood, in cases of jaundice.
H\'91m"a*pod (? or ?), n.
[H\'91ma + -pod.]
(Zo\'94l.) An h\'91mapodous animal.
G. Rolleston.
<-- p. 663 -->
H\'91*map"o*dous (?), a.
(Anat.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward,
the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to
neuropodous.
H\'91m`a*poi*et"ic (? or ?), a.
[H\'91ma- + Gr. / productive.]
(Physiol.) Bloodforming; as, the
h\'91mapoietic function of the spleen.
\'d8H\'91m`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.
[NL.] Same as Hemapophysis. --
H\'91m`a*po*phys"i*al (#),
a.
H\'91m`a*stat"ics, n. Same as
Hemastatics.
H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91ma- + Gr. / swift +
-meter.] (Physiol.) A form of
apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer)
for measuring the velocity of the blood.
H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*try (?), n.
(Physiol.) The measurement of the velocity of the
blood.
H\'91m`a*tem"e*sis, n. Same as
Hematemesis.
H\'91*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/] Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish
red.
H\'91matic acid (Physiol.), a
hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during
its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing
carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum.
Thudichum.
H\'91m"a*tin, n. Same as
Hematin.
H\'91m`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Same as
Hematinometer.
H\'91m`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. Same as
Hematinometric.
H\'91m"a*tite, n. Same as
Hematite.
H\'91m`a*tit"ic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of a blood-red color; crimson;
(Bot.) brownish red.
H\'91m"a*to- (? or ?), prefix.
See H\'91ma-.
H\'91m"a*to*blast (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + -blast.]
(Anat.) One of the very minute, disk-shaped
bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white
corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to
be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; --
called also blood plaque, and blood
plate.<-- = hemocytoblast, hematocytoblast.
Precursor of erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, and myeloblasts, found
mostly in bone marrow. Hayem's hematoblast = a platelet -->
\'d8H\'91m`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as
Hematocrya.
H\'91m`*a*toc"ry*al (?), a.
Cold-blooded.
H\'91m`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Same as
Hematocrystallin.
H\'91`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?),
n. Same as Hemadynamometer.
H\'91m`a*to*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + genesis.]
(Physiol.) (a) The origin and
development of blood. (b) The transformation
of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.
H\'91m`a*to*gen"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Relating to h\'91matogenesis.
H\'91m`a*tog"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Originating in the blood.
H\'91m`a*to*glob"u*lin, n. Same as
Hematoglobin.
H\'91m"a*toid, a. Same as
Hematoid.
H\'91m`a*toid"in, n. Same as
Hematoidin.
H\'91*mat"o*in (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + -in.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A substance formed from the
hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of
concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively
h\'91matoporphyrin and h\'91matolin, are
formed in a similar manner.
H\'91*mat"o*lin (?), n. See
H\'91matoin.
H\'91m`a*tol"o*gy (? or ?), n.
The science which treats of the blood. Same as
Hematology.
H\'91m`a*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + -meter.]
(Physiol.) (a) Same as
Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument
for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given
quantity of blood.
\'d8H\'91m`a*to*ph*li"na (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. -gr. /, /, blood + / to love.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Cheiroptera, including
the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire.
H\'91m"a*to*plast` (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + Gr. / to mold.]
(Anat.) Same as H\'91matoblast.
H\'91m`a*to*plas"tic (?), a.
[H\'91mato- + -plastic.]
(Physiol.) Blood formative; -- applied to a
substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into
blood vessels.
H\'91m`a*to*por"phy*rin (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + Gr. / purple.]
(Physiol. Chem.) See H\'91matoin.
H\'91m"a*to*sac` (?), n.
[H\'91mato- + sac.]
(Anat.) A vascular sac connected, beneath the
brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.
H\'91m"a*to*scope` (?), n. A
h\'91moscope.
H\'91m`a*to"sin (? or ?), n.
(Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. [R.]
\'d8H\'91m`a*to"sis, n. Same as
Hematosis.
\'d8H\'91m`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Hematotherma.
H\'91m`a*to*ther"mal (?), a.
Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.
H\'91m`a*to*tho"rax, n. Same as
Hemothorax.
H\'91m`a*tex"y*lin (?), n. [See
H\'91matoxylon.] (Chem.) The
coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow
crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish
taste. Formerly called also hematin.
\'d8H\'91m`a*tox"y*lon (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / blood + / wood.] (Bot.)
A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single
species, the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native
in Yucatan.
\'d8H\'91m`a*to*zo"\'94n (?), n.;
pl. H\'91matozoa (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, blood + / animal.] (Zo\'94l.)
A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a)
Certain species of nematodes of the genus
Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the
horse, the dog, etc. (b) The trematode,
Bilharzia h\'91matobia, which infests the inhabitants
of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.
H\'91"mic (? or ?), /. Pertaining to the
blood; hemal.
H\'91"min (?), n. Same as
Hemin.
H\'91m"o- (? or ?), prefix. See
H\'91ma-.
H\'91m"ochrome (?), n. Same as
H\'91machrome.
H\'91m`o*chro"mogen (?), n.
[H\'91mochrome + -gen.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A body obtained from hemoglobin,
by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.
H\'91m`o*chro*mom`e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91mochrome + -meter.]
(Physiol. Chem.) An apparatus for measuring the
amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution
of known strength and of normal color.
H\'91m`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. Same
as H\'91macyanin.
\'d8H\'91m`o*cy*tol"y*sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / blood + / hollow vessel + / to loosen,
dissolve.] (Physiol.) See
H\'91mocytotrypsis.
H\'91m`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n. See
H\'91macytometer.
\'d8H\'91m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / blood + / hollow vessel+/ to rub,
grind.] (Physiol.) A breaking up of the
blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of
the corpuscles, or h\'91mcytolysis.
H\'91m`o*drom"o*graph (?), n.
Same as H\'91madromograph.
H\'91`mo*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?), n.
Same as Hemadynamics.
H\'91m`o*glo"bin, n. Same as
Hemoglobin.
H\'91m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91moglobin + -meter.]
Same as Hemochromometer.
H\'91m`o*lu"te*in (?), n.
[H\'91mo- + corpus luteum.]
(Physiol.) See Hematoidin.
H\'91m`o*ma*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91mo- + manometer.]
Same as Hemadynamometer.
H\'91*mom"e*ter (?), n.
[H\'91mo- + -meter.]
(Physiol.) Same as
Hemadynamometer.
H\'91"mo*ny (?), n. [L.
H\'91monia a name of Thessaly, the land of
magic.] A plant described by Milton as \'bdof
sovereign use against all enchantments.\'b8
H\'91mo*plas"tic, a. Same as
H\'91matoplastic.
H\'91m"or*rhoid"al, a. Same as
Hemorrhoidal.
H\'91m"o*scope (? or ?), n.
[H\'91mo- + -scope.]
(Physiol.) An instrument devised by Hermann, for
regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for
spectroscopic examination.
H\'91m`o*stat"ic (?), a. Same
Hemostatic.
H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n.
Same as H\'91matachometer.
H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*try (?), n.
Same as H\'91matachometry.
Haf (?), imp. of
Heave. Hove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Haf"fle (?), v. i. [Cf. G.
haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop,
stammer.] To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to
prevaricate. [Prov.Eng.]
Halliwell.
Haft (?), n. [AS.
h\'91ft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel.
hepti, and to E. Heave, or have.
Cf. Heft.] 1. A handle; that part of
an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is
held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the
hilt.
This brandish'dagger
I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast.
Dryden.
2. A dwelling. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Haft, v. t. To set in, or furnish with,
a haft; as, to haft a dagger.
Haft"er (?), n. [/f. G.
haften to cling or stick to, and E.
haffle.] A caviler; a wrangler.
[Obs.]
Baret.
Hag (?), n. [OE.
hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS.
h\'91gtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G.
hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw.
h\'84xa. The first part of the word is prob. the same
as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was
perh., wood woman, wild woman. /.] 1. A
witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard.
[Obs.] \'bd[Silenus] that old hag.\'b8
Golding.
2. An ugly old woman.
3. A fury; a she-monster.
Grashaw.
4. (Zo\'94l.) An eel-like marine
marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the
lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a
single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order
Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish,
borer, slime eel,
sucker, and
sleepmarken.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The hagdon or
shearwater.
6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's
mane or a man's hair.
Blount.
Hag moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth
(Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious
side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's
tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the
pattern of matting or pointing.
Hag, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hagging.] To harass; to weary with
vexation.
How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits
with the fancy of omens.
L'Estrange.
Hag, n. [Scot. hag to cut;
cf. E. hack.] 1. A small wood, or
part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for
felling, or which has been felled.
This said, he led me over hoults and hags;
Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew.
Fairfax.
2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has
been cut.
Dugdale.
Hag"ber"ry (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Prunus (P.
Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.]
Hag"born`, a. Born of a hag or
witch.
Shak.
Hag"but (?), n. [OF.
haquebute, prob. a corruption of D.
haakbus; haak hook + bus gun
barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf.
Arquebus.] A harquebus, of which the but was
bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim.
[Written also haguebut and
hackbuss.]
Hag"but*ter (?), n. A soldier
armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also
hackbutter.]
Froude.
Hag"don (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of
the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the
greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black
hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also
hagdown, haglin, and
hag. See Shearwater.
Hag*ga"da (?), n.; pl.
Haggadoth (#). [Rabbinic
hagg\'bedh\'be, fr. Heb. higg\'c6dh to
relate.] A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud,
to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament.
[Written also hadaga.]
Hag"gard (?), a. [F.
hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the
hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st
Haw, and -ard.] 1. Wild or
intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a
haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.]
Shak
2. [For hagged, fr. hag a
witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having
the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed;
having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in
appearance; as, haggard features, eyes.
Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look.
Dryden.
Hag"gard, n. [See Haggard,
a.] 1. (Falconry) A
young or untrained hawk or falcon.
2. A fierce, intractable creature.
I have loved this proud disdainful haggard.
Shak.
3. [See Haggard, a., 2.]
A hag. [Obs.]
Garth.
Hag"gard, n. [See 1st Haw,
Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.]
A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.]
Swift.
Hag"gard*ly, adv. In a haggard
manner.
Dryden.
Hag"ged (?), a. Like a hag;
lean; ugly. [R.]
Hag"gis (?), n. [Scot.
hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed,
perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E.
hash), fr. hacher.] A Scotch
pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or
lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned,
and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and
pluck. [Written also haggiss,
haggess, and haggies.]
Hag"gish (?), a. Like a hag;
ugly; wrinkled.
But on both did haggish age steal on.
Shak.
Hag"gish*ly, adv. In the manner of a
hag.
Hag"gle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Haggled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling
(?).] [Freq. of Scot. hag,
E. hack. See Hack to cut.] To cut
roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an
unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a
boy haggles a stick of wood.
Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er,
Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped.
Shak.
Hag"gle, v. i. To be difficult in
bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to
higgle.
Royalty and science never haggled about the value
of blood.
Walpole.
Hag"gle, n. The act or process of
haggling.
Carlyle.
Hag"gler (?), n. 1.
One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.
2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between
producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.
Ha"gi*ar`chy (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred, holy + -archy.] A sacred
government; by holy orders of men.
Southey.
Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. /
holy, and / to govern.] Government by a priesthood;
hierarchy.
\'d8Ha`gi*og"ra*pha (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. / (sc./), fr. / written by inspiration;
/ sacred, holy + / to write.] 1. The last
of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that
portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises
Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations,
Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and
Chronicles.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the
saints.
Brande & C.
Ha`gi*og"ra*phal (?), Pertaining to the
hagiographa, or to sacred writings.
Ha`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. One of
the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the
saints.
Shipley.
Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (?, 277), n.
Same Hagiographa.
Ha`gi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + / worship.] The invocation or worship of
saints.
Ha`gi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who
treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the
saints; a hagiographer.
Tylor.
Hagiologists have related it without scruple.
Southey.
Ha`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + -logy.] The history or description
of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the
lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints.
J. H. Newman.
Ha"gi*o*scope` (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + -scope.] An opening made in the
interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the
altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a
squint.
Hook.
Hag"-rid`den (?), a. Ridden by
a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare.
Beattie. Cheyne.
<-- p. 664 -->
Hag"seed` (?), n. The offspring
of a hag.
Shak.
Hag"ship, n. The state or title of a
hag.
Middleton.
Hag"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. 1st
Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.)
The great woolly mullein (Verbascum
Thapsus).
Hague"but (?), n. See
Hagbut.
Hah /, interj. Same as
Ha.
Ha-ha" (?), n. [See
Haw-haw.] A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or
ditch, not visible till one is close upon it.
[Written also haw-haw.]
Hai"ding*er*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of
lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of
Vienna.
Hai"duck (?), n. [G.
haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung.
hajdu.] Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier
in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an
attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written
also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck,
and heyduk.]
\'d8Haik (?), n. [Ar. /, fr.
h\'beik, fr. h\'beka to weave.]
A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an
outer garment. [Written also
hyke.]
Heyse.
\'d8Hai"kal (?), n. The central
chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It
contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered
curtain.
Hail (?), n. [OE.
hail, ha/el, AS. h\'91gel;
akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel.
hagl; cf. Gr./ pebble.] Small roundish
masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed
by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are
called hailstones.
Thunder mixed with hail,
Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky.
Milton.
Hail, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Halled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Halting.] [OE. hailen, AS.
haqalian.] To pour down particles of ice,
or frozen vapors.
Hail, v. t. To pour forcibly down, as
hail.
Shak.
Hail, a. Healthy. See Hale (the
preferable spelling).
Hail, v. t. [OE. hailen,
heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used in
greeting. See Hale sound.] 1. To
call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.
2. To name; to designate; to call.
And such a son as all men hailed me happy.
Milton.
Hail, v. i. 1. To declare, by
hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is
registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with
from; as, the steamer hails from New
York.
2. To report as one's home or the place from whence
one comes; to come; -- with from.
[Colloq.]
G. G. Halpine.
Hail, interj. [See Hail,
v. t.] An exclamation of respectful or
reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar
greeting. \'bdHail, brave friend.\'b8
Shak.
All hail. See in the Vocabulary. --
Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the
Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave
Maria.
Hail, n. A wish of health; a salutation;
a loud call. \'bdTheir puissant hail.\'b8
M. Arnold.
The angel hail bestowed.
Milton.
Hail"-fel`low (?), n. An
intimate companion.
Hail-fellow well met.
Lyly.
Hailse (?), v. t. [OE.
hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to
call to.] To greet; to salute.
[Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Hail"shot` (?), n. pl. Small
shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.]
Hayward.
Hail"stone` (?), n. A single
particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet
of hail.
Hail"storm` (?), n. A storm
accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.
Hai"ly (?), a. Of hail.
\'bdHaily showers.\'b8
Pope.
Han (?), v. t. [Cf. Sw.
h\'84gn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge,
fence. See Hedge.] To inclose for mowing; to
set aside for grass. \'bdA ground . . . hained
in.\'b8
Holland.
Hain't (?). A contraction of have
not or has not; as, I hain't, he
hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or
illiterate speech.] [Written also
han't.]<-- now ain't -->
Hair (?), n. [OE.
her, heer, h\'91r, AS.
h; akin to OFries, h, D. &
G. haar, OHG. & Icel. h, Dan.
haar, Sw. h\'86r; cf. Lith.
kasa.] 1. The collection or mass
of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a
covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of
the body.
2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting,
in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free
and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin.
Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs.
Chaucer.
And draweth new delights with hoary hairs.
Spenser.
3. Hair (human or animal) used for various
purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A slender outgrowth from
the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other
invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates
in structure, composition, and mode of growth.
5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one
or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or
stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow
frog lily (Nuphar).
6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger
firearm.
7. A haircloth. [Obc.]
Chaucer.
8. Any very small distance, or degree; a
hairbreadth.
Hairs is often used adjectively or in
combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush,
hair dye, hair oil, hairpin,
hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the
hair.
Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable
manner; against the grain. [Obs.] \'bdYou go
against the hair of your professions.\'b8
Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship
Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or
runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells
(Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the
sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. --
Hair compass, Hair divider,
a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means
of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of
horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace,
a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head.
Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of
hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth
(Zo\'94l.), any moth which destroys goods made of
hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair
pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; --
generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's
hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil,
etc. -- Hair plate, an iron plate
forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. --
Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour
or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the
head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of eared
seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair
seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. --
Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made
of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair
sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. --
Hair snake. See Gordius. --
Hair space (Printing), the thinnest
metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair
stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair
trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a
firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair.
Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no
value. -- To a hair, with the nicest
distinction. -- To split hairs, to make
distinctions of useless nicety.
Hair"bell` (?), n. (Bot.)
See Harebell.
Hair"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chipping sparrow.
Hair"brained` (?), a. See
Harebrained.
Hair"breadth` (?),
Hair's"breadth` (/). The diameter
or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes,
definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.
Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and
not miss.
Judg. xx. 16
Hair"breadth`, a. Having the breadth of
a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth
escape.
Hair"-brown` (?), a. Of a clear
tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of
equal proportions of red and green.
Hair"brush` (?), n. A brush for
cleansing and smoothing the hair.
Hair"cloth`, n. Stuff or cloth made
wholly or in part of hair.
Hair"dress`er (?), n. One who
dresses or cuts hair; a barber.
Haired (?), a. 1.
Having hair. \'bdA beast haired like a
bear.\'b8
Purchas.
2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as,
red-haired.
Hai"ren (?), a. [AS.
h/ren.] Hairy. [Obc.]
His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet.
J. Taylor.
Hair" grass` (?). (Bot.) A
grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis
scabra, and several species of Aira or
Deschampsia.
Hair"i*ness (?), n. The state
of abounding, or being covered, with hair.
Johnson.
Hair"less, a. Destitute of hair.
Shak.
Hair"pin` (/), n. A pin,
usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place,
-- used by women.
Hair"-salt` (?), n. [A
translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.)
A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky
fibers.
Hair"split`ter (?), n. One who
makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one
who quibbles. \'bdThe caviling hairsplitter.\'b8
De Quincey.
Hair"split`ting (?), a. Making
excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning;
subtle. -- n. The act or practice of
making trivial distinctions.
The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special
pleading.
Charles Sumner.
Hair"spring` (?), n.
(Horology) The slender recoil spring which
regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.
Hair"streak` (?), n. A
butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green
hairstreak (T. rubi).
Hair"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine fishes of the
genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepterus of
Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a
slender, pointed tail. Called also
bladefish.
Hair"worm` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair.
See Gordius.
Hair"y (?), a. Bearing or
covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair;
rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute.
His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge.
Milton.
Hai"ti*an (?), a. & n. See
Haytian.<-- Now the preferred spelling. -->
Ha"ye (?), n. [Ar.
hayya snake.] (Zo\'94l.) The
Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to
the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of
inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is
supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra
committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called
Cleopatra's snake or asp.
See Asp.
Hake (?), n. [See
Hatch a half door.] A drying shed, as for
unburned tile.
Hake, n. [Also
haak.] [Akin to Norweg.
hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake
hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of marine
gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis,
Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is
M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is
M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis
chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes,
and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also
squirrel hake, and
codling.
Hake (?), v. t. To loiter; to
sneak. [Prov. Eng.]
Hake's"-dame` (?), n. See
Forkbeard.
Hak"e*ton (?), n. Same as
Acton. [Obs.]
\'d8Ha*kim" (?), n. [Ar.
hak\'c6m.] A wise man; a physician, esp. a
Mohammedan. [India]
\'d8Ha"kim (?), n. [Ar.
h\'bekim.] A Mohammedan title for a ruler;
a judge. [India]
Ha*la"cha (?), n.; pl.
Halachoth(/) [Heb.
hal\'bech\'beh.] The general term for the
Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition
in the Midrash. See Midrash.
Ha-la"tion (?), n.
(Photog.) An appearance as of a halo of light,
surround the edges of dark object/ in a photographic
picture.
Hal"berd (?; 277), n. [F.
hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG.
helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an
ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig.
from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel.
bar/a, a kind of ax, skegg beard,
skeggia a kind of halberd) + helm helmet;
but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and
E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.]
(Mil.) An ancient long-handled weapon, of which
the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or
straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were
sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also
halbert.]
Hal`berd*ier" (?), n. [F.
hallebardier.] One who is armed with a
halberd.
Strype.
Hal"berd-shaped` (?), a.
Hastate.
Hal"cy*on (?), n. [L.
halcyon, alcyon, Gr./: F.
halcyon.] (Zo\'94l.) A
kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus
including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits,
as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of
Australia.
Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be
As halcyons brooding on a winter sea.
Dryden.
Hal"cy*on, a. 1. Pertaining to,
or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her
eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about
the winter solstice.
2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed;
happy. \'bdDeep, halcyon repose.\'b8
De Quincy.
Hal`cy*o"ni*an (?), a. Halcyon;
calm.
Hal"cy*o*nold (?), a. & n.
[Halcyon + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Alcyonoid.
Hale (?), a. [Written also
heil, Icel. heill; akin to E.
whole. See Whole.] Sound; entire;
healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale
body.
Last year we thought him strong and hale.
Swift.
Hale, n. Welfare.
[Obs.]
All heedless of his dearest hale.
Spenser.
Hale (h, v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Haled
(h\'beld ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Haling.] [OE. halen,
halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get.
See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul.
See Haul.
Chaucer.
Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore.
Milton.
As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim.
Shelley.
\'d8Ha*le"si*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of American
shrubs containing several species, called snowdrop
trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white
flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.
Half (?), a. [AS.
healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side,
part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G.
halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel.
h\'belfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve,
Behalf.] 1. Consisting of a moiety,
or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a
half dollar; a half view.
2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling
a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial;
imperfect; as, a half dream; half
knowledge.
Assumed from thence a half consent.
Tennyson.
Half ape (Zo\'94l.), a lemur.
-- Half back. (Football) See under 2d
Back. -- Half bent, the first notch,
for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the
halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of
bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in
leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in
part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes
dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan
(Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a
vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half
cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the
dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with
the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- A half
cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained
by the first notch.<-- half cocked: see below, halfcocked: =
unprepared, lacking forethought; -- as in go off half cocked -->
-- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of
a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings;
socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak
line of action. -- Half note (Mus.),
a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half
pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an
officer on half pay. -- Half price,
half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. --
Half round. (a) (Arch.) A
molding of semicircular section. (b)
(Mech.) Having one side flat and the other
rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift
(Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open
position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and
kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half
step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest
difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half
tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant
from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the
ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time
system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts),
a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See
Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement
only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth.
Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the
space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms
in a year.
<-- p. 665 -->
Half, adv. In an equal part or degree;
in some pa/ appro/mating a half; partially; imperfectly;
as, half-colored, half done,
half-hearted, half persuaded, half
conscious. \'bdHalf loth and
half consenting.\'b8
Dryden.
Their children spoke halfin the speech of
Ashdod.
Neh. xiii. 24
Half (?), n.; pl.
Halves (#). [AS. healf.
See Half, a.] 1. Part;
side; behalf. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
The four halves of the house.
Chaucer.
2. One of two equal parts into which anything may
be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by
of; as, a half of an apple.
Not half his riches known, and yet despised.
Milton.
A friendship so complete
Portioned in halves between us.
Tennyson.
Better half. See under Better. --
In half, in two; an expression sometimes used
improperly instead of in ; as, to cut
in half. [Colloq.]
Dickens. -- In, ,
one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part.
[Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an
equal share with another. -- To go halves, to
share equally between two.
Half, v. t. To halve.
[Obs.] See Halve.
Sir H. Wotton.
Half`-and-half", n. A mixture of two
malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts.
Dickens.
Half"beak` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any slender, marine fish of the genus
Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than
the lower; -- called also balahoo.
Half" blood` (?). 1. The relation
between persons born of the same father or of the same mother,
but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half
blood. See Blood, n., 2 and
4.
2. A person so related to another.
3. A person whose father and mother are of
different races; a half-breed.
Half"-blood`ed, a. 1.
Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or
races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a
half-blooded sheep.
2. Degenerate; mean.
Half"-boot` (?), n. A boot with
a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and
Congress boot, under Congress.
Half"-bound` (?), n. Having
only the back and corners in leather, as a book.
Half"-bred` (?), a. 1.
Half-blooded. [Obs.]
2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of
good-breeding; not well trained.
Atterbury.
Half"-breed` (?), a.
Half-blooded.
Half"-breed`, n. A person who is
blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially
of the American Indian and the white race.
Half"-broth`er (?), n. A
brother by one parent, but not by both.
Half"-caste` (?), n. One born
of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or
Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as,
half-caste parents.
Half"-clammed` (?), a.
Half-filled. [Obs.]
Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food.
Marston.
Half"cock` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p.
Halfcocked(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Halfcocking.] To set the cock of (a
firearm) at the first notch.
To go off halfcocked. (a) To be
discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said
of a firearm. (b) To do or say something
without due thought or care. [Colloq. or
Low]
<-- now written half-cocked -->
Half"-cracked` (?), a.
Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]
Half"-deck` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus
Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat
shell.
2. See Half deck, under
Deck.
Half"-decked` (?), a. Partially
decked.
The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter
Vikings.
Elton.
Half"en (?), a. [From
Half.] Wanting half its due qualities.
[Obs.]
Spencer.
Half"en*deal` (?), adv. [OE.
halfendele. See Half, and
Deal.] Half; by the part.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- n.
A half part. [Obs.]
R. of Brunne.
Half"er (?), n. 1. One
who possesses or gives half only; one who shares.
[Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
2. A male fallow deer gelded.
Pegge (1814).
Half"-faced` (?), a. Showing
only part of the face; wretched looking; meager.
Shak.
Half"-fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A salmon in its fifth year of
growth. [Prov. Eng.]
Half"-hatched` (?), a.
Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched
eggs.
Gay.
Half"-heard` (?), a.
Imperfectly or partly heard to the end.
And leave half-heard the melancholy tale.
Pope.
Half"-heart`ed (?), a. 1.
Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind.
B. Jonson.
2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm.
<-- (of actions) not performed with full effort -->
H. James.
Half"-hour`ly (?), a. Done or
happening at intervals of half an hour.
Half"-learned` (?), a.
Imperfectly learned.
Half"-length` (?), a. Of half
the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.
Half"-mast` (?), n. A point
some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a
half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).
Half"-moon`, n. 1. The moon at
the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.
2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.
See how in warlike muster they appear,
In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings.
Milton.
3. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two
faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon;
-- now called a ravelin.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A marine, sparoid, food
fish of California (C\'91siosoma Californiense). The
body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also
medialuna.
Half"ness (?), n. The quality
of being half; incompleteness. [R.]
As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt
at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him,
my neighbor feels the wrong.
Emerson.
Half"pace` (?), n.
(Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair
turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight.
See Quarterpace.
quartepace are rare or
unknown in the United States, platform or
landing being used instead.
Half"-pike` (?), n.
(Mil.) A short pike, sometimes carried by
officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a
spontoon.
Tatler.
Half"-port` (?), n.
(Naut.) One half of a shutter made in two parts
for closing a porthole.
Half"-ray` (?), n.
(Geom.) A straight line considered as drawn from
a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete
ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both
directions.
Half"-read` (?), a. Informed by
insufficient reading; superficial; shallow.
Dryden.
Half" seas` o`ver (?). Half drunk.
[Slang: used only predicatively.]
Spectator.
Half"-sight`ed (?), a. Seeing
imperfectly; having weak discernment.
Bacon.
Half"-sis`ter (?), n. A sister
by one parent only.
Half"-strained` (?), a.
Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] \'bdA
half-strained villain.\'b8
Dryden.
Half"-sword` (?), n. Half the
length of a sword; close fight. \'bdAt
half-sword.\'b8
Shak.
Half"-tim`bered (?), a.
(Arch.) Constructed of a timber frame, having the
spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.
Half"-tounue` (?), n. (O.
Law) A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner,
composed equally of citizens and aliens.
Half"way` (?), adv. In the
middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he
halfway yielded.
Temples proud to meet their gods halfway.
Young.
Half"way`, a. Equally distant from the
extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway.
Halfway covenant, a practice among the
Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of
permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to
enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking
of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their
children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an
inn or place of call midway on a journey.
Half"-wit` (?), n. A foolish; a
dolt; a blockhead; a dunce.
Dryden.
Half"-wit`ted (?), a. Weak in
intellect; silly.
Half"-year`ly (?), a. Two in a
year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a year;
semiannually.
Hal"i*but (?;277), n. [OE.
hali holy + but, butte,
flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D.
heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being
eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large, northern, marine flatfish
(Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family
Pleuronectid\'91. It often grows very large, weighing
more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food
fish. [Written also holibut.]
\'d8Hal`i*chon"dri*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, sea + / cartilage.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges, having simple
siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also
Keratosilicoidea.
\'d8Hal"i*core (?; L.?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr./ sea + / maiden.] Same as
Dugong.
Hal"i*dom (?), n. [AS.
h\'beligd/m holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics;
h\'belig holy + -d/m, E. -dom.
See Holy.] 1. Holiness; sanctity;
sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in
oaths. [Archaic]
So God me help and halidom.
Piers Plowman.
By my halidom, I was fast asleep.
Shak.
2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.]
Shipley.
Hal`i*eu"tics (?), n. [L.
halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr. /.]
A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing;
ichthyology.
Hal"mas (?), a. [See
Hallowmas.] The feast of All Saints;
Hallowmas. [Obs.]
Ha`li*og"ra*pher (? or ?), n.
One who writes about or describes the sea.
Ha`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ the sea + -graphy.] Description of the
sea; the science that treats of the sea.
\'d8Ha`li*o"tis (? or ?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / sea + /, /, ear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine shells; the
ear-shells. See Abalone.
Ha"li*o*toid` (? or ?), a.
[Haliots + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus
Haliotis; ear-shaped.
\'d8Hal`i*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr./, /, sea + /.]
(Paleon.) The Enaliosauria.
Ha"lite (? or ?), n. [Gr. /
salt.] (Min.) Native salt; sodium
chloride.
Ha*lit"u*ous (?; 135), a. [L.
halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to
breathe: cf. F. halitueux.] Produced by, or
like, breath; vaporous.
Boyle.
Halk (?), n. A nook; a
corner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hall (?), n. [OE.
halle, hal, AS. heal,
heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG.
halla, G. halle, Icel. h\'94lt,
and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See
Hell, Helmet.] 1. A
building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for
public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in
London.
2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor
house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the
place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and
servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted
with the bower, which was the private or sleeping
apartment.
Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall.
Chaucer.
Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall:
(b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more
elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c)
Any corridor or passage in a building.
3. A name given to many manor houses because the
magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief
mansion house.
Cowell.
4. A college in an English university (at Oxford,
an unendowed college).
5. The apartment in which English university
students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as,
hall is at six o'clock.
6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an
exclamation. [Obs.] \'bdA hall! a
hall!\'b8
B. Jonson.
Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.
Hall"age (?; 48), n. (O. Eng.
Law) A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a
hall.
{ Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah }
(?), n. & interj. [Heb. See
Alleluia.] Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the
Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or
thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or
adoration.
Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. )
So sung they, and the empyrean rung
With Hallelujahs.
Milton.
In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,\'bdany one as he walked
in the fields, might hear the plowman at his
hallelujahs.\'b8
Sharp.
Hal`le*lu*jat"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs.
[R.]
Hal"liard (?), n. See
Halyard.
Hal"li*dome (?), n. Same as
Halidom.
Hal"li*er (? or ?), n. [From
Hale to pull.] A kind of net for catching
birds.
Hall"-mark` (?), n. The
official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay
offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles,
attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or
phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.
Hal*loa" (?). See Halloo.
Hal*loo" (?), n. [Perh. fr.
ah + lo; cf. AS. eal\'be, G.
halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf.
Hollo, interj.] A loud
exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or
an animal; a shout.
List! List! I hear
Some far off halloo break the silent air.
Milton.
Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hallooed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Halloing.] To cry out; to
exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word
halloo.
Country folks hallooed and hooted after me.
Sir P. Sidney.
Hal*loo", v. t. 1. To encourage
with shouts.
Old John hallooes his hounds again.
Prior.
2. To chase with shouts or outcries.
If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare.
Shak.
3. To call or shout to; to hail.
Shak.
Hal*loo", interj. [OE. halow.
See Halloo, n.] An exclamation to
call attention or to encourage one.
Hal"low (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p.
Hallowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hallowing.] [OE. halowen,
halwien, halgien, AS.
h\'belgian, fr. h\'belig holy. See
Holy.] To make holy; to set apart for holy or
religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to
reverence. \'bdHallowed be thy name.\'b8
Matt. vi. 9.
Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein.
Jer. xvii. 24.
His secret altar touched with hallowed fire.
Milton.
In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this
ground [Gettysburg].
A. Lincoln.
Hal`low*een" (?), n. The
evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day.
[Scot.]<-- October 31 -->
Burns.
Hal"low*mas (?), n. [See
Mass the eucharist.] The feast of All Saints,
or Allhallows.
To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas.
Shak.
Hal*loy"site (?), n. [Named
after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.)
A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous
masses, of a whitish color.
Hal"lu*cal (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hallux.
Hal*lu"ci*nate (?), v. i. [L.
hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of
hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind,
talk idly, dream.] To wander; to go astray; to err; to
blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.]
Byron.
Hal*lu`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L.
hallucinatio/ cf. F.
hallucination.] 1. The act of
hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a
blunder.
This must have been the hallucination of the
transcriber.
Addison.
<-- p. 666 -->
2. (Med.) The perception of objects
which have no reality, or of sensations which have no
corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the
nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.
Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral
derangement and are common phenomena of insanity.
W. A. Hammond.
Hal*lu"ci*na`tor (?), n.
[L.] One whose judgment and acts are affected by
hallucinations; one who errs on account of his
hallucinations.
N. Brit. Rev.
Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry (?), a.
Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.
\'d8Hal"lux (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.)
The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb,
corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the
hind toe of birds.
Halm (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Haulm.
\'d8Hal"ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, fr. / to leap.] (Greek Antiq.)
The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most
important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.
Ha"lo (?), n.; pl.
Halos(/). [L. halos, acc.
halo, Gr. / a thrashing floor, also (from its round
shape) the disk of the sun or moon, and later a halo round it;
cf. Gr. / to enfold, / to roll round, L. volvere,
and E. voluble.] 1. A luminous
circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and
supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals
of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often
white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same
atmospheric conditions.
2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring
represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and
other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.
3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's
perception of, an object.
4. A colored circle around a nipple; an
areola.
Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Haloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Haloing.] To form, or surround with, a
halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo.
The fire
That haloed round his saintly brow.
Sothey.
Ha"loed (?), a. Surrounded with
a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified.
Some haloed face bending over me.
C. Bront\'82.
Hal"o*gen (?), n. [Gr.
"a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf.
F. halog\'8ane.] (Chem.) An
electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a
metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and
iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See
Chlorine family, under Chlorine.
Ha*log"e*nous (?), a. Of the
nature of a halogen.
Ha"loid (? or ?), a. [Gr.
"a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf.
F. cal//de.] (Chem.)
Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds
consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical,
and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and
sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. --
n. A haloid substance.
Hal"o*man`cy (?), n. See
Alomancy.
Ha*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
"a`ls, "alo`s, salt +
-meter.] An instrument for measuring the
forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.
\'d8Ha*lo"nes (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /, a halo.] (Biol.)
Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are
seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg
of the hen and other birds.
Hal"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr.
"a`ls, "alo`s, salt + / a plant.]
(Bot.) A plant found growing in salt marshes, or
in the sea.
Ha"lo*scope (?), n.
[Halo + -scope.] An
instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of
halos, parhelia, and the like.
Hal*o*tri"chite (?), n. [Gr.
"a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s,
hair.] (Min.) An iron alum occurring in
silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.
Ha*lox"y*line, n. [Gr. "a`ls,
"alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.] An
explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and
ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for
gunpowder.
Halp (?), imp. of
Help. Helped. [Obs.]
Hal"pace (?), n. (Arch.)
See Haut pas.
Hals (?), n. [AS.
heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See
Collar.] The neck or throat.
[Obs.]
Do me hangen by the hals.
Chaucer.
Halse (?), v. t. [AS.
healsian.] 1. To embrace about the
neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.]
Each other kissed glad
And lovely halst.
Spenser.
2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat.
[Obs.]
O dere child, I halse thee,
In virtue of the Holy Trinity.
Chaucer.
Halse, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Halsed (h?lst); p. pr. & vb.
n. Halsing.] [Cf.
Hawser.] To haul; to hoist.
[Obs.]
Hal"sen*ing (?), a. Sounding
harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough.
[Obs.]
Carew.
Hals"er (?), n. See
Hawser.
Pope.
Halt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres.
of Hold, contraction for holdeth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Halt (?), n. [Formerly
alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr.
halten to hold. See Hold.] A stop
in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of
progress.
Without any halt they marched.
Clarendon.
[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest,
Yet in their march soon make a halt.
Davenant.
Halt, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Halting.] 1. To hold one's
self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for
a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand
still.
2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to
do; to h/sitate; to be uncertain.
How long halt ye between two opinions?
1 Kings xviii. 21
Halt (?), v. t. (Mil.)
To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general
halted his troops for refreshment.
Halt, a. [AS. healt; akin to
OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr,
halltr, Goth. halts, OHG.
halz.] Halting or stopping in walking;
lame.
Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the
halt, and the blind.
Luke xiv. 21.
Halt, n. The act of limping;
lameness.
Halt, v. i. [OE. halten, AS.
healtian. See Halt, a.]
1. To walk lamely; to limp.
2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be
defective.
The blank verse shall halt for it.
Shak.
Halt"er (?), n. One who halts
or limps/ a cripple.
Hal"ter (?), n. [OE.
halter, helter, helfter, AS.
h\'91lftre; akin to G. halfter, D.
halfter, halster, and also to E.
helve. See Helve.] A strong strap
or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or
without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A
rope for hanging malefactors; a noose.
Shak.
No man e'er felt the halter draw
With good opinion of the law.
Trumbull.
Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Haltered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Haltering.] To tie by the neck
with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to
a hangman's halter. \'bdA haltered neck.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Hal*te"res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / weights used in jumping, fr. / to
leap.] (Zo\'94l.) Balancers; the
rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.
Hal"ter-sack` (?), n. A term of
reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Halt"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
halting or limping manner.
Hal"vans (?), n. pl.
(Mining) Impure ore; dirty ore.
Hal"ve (?), n. A half.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Halve (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Halved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.]
[From Half.] 1. To divide into
two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be
or form half of.
So far apart their lives are thrown
From the twin soul that halves their own.
M. Arnold.
2. (Arch.) To join, as two pieces of
timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the
joining place, and fitting together.
Halved (?), a. Appearing as if
one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.
Halves (?), n., pl.
of Half.
By halves, by one half at once; halfway;
fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.
I can not believe by halves; either I have faith,
or I have it not.
J. H. Newman.
To go halves. See under Go.
Hal"we (?), n. [OE., fr. AS.
h\'belga. See Holy.] A
saint. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hal'yard (?), n.
[Hale, v. t. + yard.]
(Naut.) A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering
yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also
halliard, haulyard.]
\'d8Hal`y*si"tes (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a chain.] (Paleon.) A genus of
Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain
coral, under Chain.
Ham (?), n. Home.
[North of Eng.]
Chaucer.
Ham (?), n. [AS.
ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G.
hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the
bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf.
Gammon ham.]
1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee
joint; the popliteal space; the hock.
2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh
of a hog cured by salting and smoking.
A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak
ham.
Shak.
Ham"a*dry`ad (?), n.; pl. E.
Hamadryads (#), L. Hamadryades
(#). [L. Hamadryas,
-adis, Gr. /; / together + / oak, tree: cf. F.
hamadryade. See Same, and
Tree.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A tree nymph whose
life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak,
which had been her abode.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large venomous East
Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus), allied to the
cobras.
\'d8Ha*ma"dry*as (?), n. [L., a
hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zo\'94l.)
The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus
Hamadryas).
Ham`a*me"lis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / a kind of medlar or service tree; / at the same time +
/ an apple, any tree fruit.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis
Virginica), a preparation of which is used
medicinally.
Ha"mate (?), a. [L.
hamatus, fr. hamus hook.]
Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.
Ha"ma*ted (?), a. Hooked, or
set with hooks; hamate.
Swift.
\'d8Ha*ma"tum (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.) See
Unciform.
Ham"ble (?), v. t. [OE.
hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to
OHG. hamal/n to mutilate, hamal
mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to
mutilate. Cf.Ham/er to fetter.] To
hamstring. [Obs.]
Ham"burg (?), n. A commercial
city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe.
Black Hamburg grape. See under
Black. -- Hamburg /dging, a kind
of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; --
used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a
purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.
Hame (?), n. Home.
[Scot. & O. Eng.]
Hame, n. [Scot. haims,
hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D.
haam.] One of the two curved pieces of wood
or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces
are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads
fitting the horse's neck attached to them.
Ham"el (?), v. t.
[Obs.] Same as Hamele.
{ Hame"seck`en (?), Hame"suck`en
(?), } n. [AS.
h\'bems/cn. See Home, and
Seek.] (Scots Law) The felonious
seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house.
Bouvier.
Ha"mi*form (?), n. [L.
hamus hook + -form.]
Hook-shaped.
Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.)
A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named
from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the
Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart
of Geology.
\'d8Ham`i*nu"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large edible river fish
(Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.
Ha"mite (?), n.[L.
hamus hook.] (Paleon.) A fossil
cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the
ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike
form.
Ham"ite (?), n. A descendant of
Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.
Ha*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to
Ham or his descendants.
Hamitic languages, the group of languages
spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som
Keith Johnson.
Ham"let (?), n. [OWE.
hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of
hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum,
a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. Home.] A small village; a little cluster
of houses in the country.
The country wasted, and the hamlets burned.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.
Ham"let*ed, p. a. Confined to a
hamlet.
Feltham.
Ham"mer (?), n. [OE.
hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to
D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw.
hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and
perh. to Gr. / anvil, Skr. a/man stone.]
1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals,
and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron,
fixed crosswise to a handle.
With busy hammers closing rivets up.
Shak.
2. Something which in firm or action resembles the
common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock
which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour.
(b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the
wires, to produce the tones. (c)
(Anat.) The malleus. See under
Ear. (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which
strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly,
however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket
and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming.
(e) Also, a person of thing that smites or
shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of
heresies.
He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the
\'bdmassive iron hammers\'b8 of the whole earth.
J. H. Newman.
Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in
which the spring is formed by confined air. --
Drop hammer, Face hammer,
etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. --
Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. --
Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal
by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell
(Zo\'94l.), any species of Malleus, a
genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters,
having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a
hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer
oyster. -- To bring to the hammer,
to put up at auction.
Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hammered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hammering.] 1. To
beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to
hammer iron.
2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by
beating. \'bdHammered money.\'b8
Dryden.
3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard
intellectual labor; -- usually with out.
Who was hammering out a penny dialogue.
Jeffry.
Ham"mer, v. i. 1. To be busy
forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a
hammer.
Whereon this month I have hammering.
Shak.
2. To strike repeated blows, literally or
figuratively.
Blood and revenge are hammering in my head.
Shak.
Ham"mer*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being formed or shaped by a hammer.
Sherwood.
Ham"mer-b//m` (?), n.
(Cothic Arch.) A member of one description of
roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so
framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each
principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and
to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.
Ham"mer*cloth` (?; 115), n.
[Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin
to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven)
+ E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper
cloth.] The cloth which covers a coach
box.
Ham"mer-dressed` (?), a. Having
the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's
hammer; -- said of building stone.
Ham"mer*er (?), n. One who
works with a hammer.
Ham"mer-hard`en (?), v. t. To
harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.
Ham"mer*head` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A shark of the genus
Sphyrna or Zyg\'91na, having the eyes set
on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a
hammer shape. The Sphyrna zyg\'91na is found in the
North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and
balance fish.
<-- p. 667 -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water fish; the
stone-roller.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An African fruit bat
(Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large
blunt nozzle.
Ham"mer*kop (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A bird of the Heron family; the
umber.
Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms)
Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or
striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental
touch.
Ham"mer*man (?), n.; pl.
Hammermen (/). A hammerer; a
forgeman.
\'d8Ham`mo*chry"sos (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /; /, /, sand + chryso`s
gold.] A stone with spangles of gold color in
it.
Ham"mock (?), n. [A word of
Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the
Narrative of his first voyage, says: \'bdA great many Indians in
canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their
cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they
sleep.\'b8] 1. A swinging couch or bed,
usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended
by clews or cords at the ends.
2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually
covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as,
hammock land. [Southern U. S.]
Bartlett.
Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly,
nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a
trough on the rail, used for that purpose.
{ Ha*mose" (?), Ha"mous
(?), }[L. hamus hook.]
(Bot.) Having the end hooked or curved.
Ham"per (?), n. [Contr. fr.
hanaper.] A large basket, usually with a
cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a
hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster
hamper, which contains two bushels.
Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hampered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hampering.] To put in a
hamper.
Ham"per, v. t. [OE. hamperen,
hampren, prob. of the same origin as E.
hamble.] To put a hamper or fetter on; to
shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or
progress; to embarrass; to encumber.
\'bdHampered nerves.\'b8
Blackmore.
A lion hampered in a net.
L'Estrange.
They hamper and entangle our souls.
Tillotson.
Ham"per, n. [See Hamper to
shackle.] 1. A shackle; a fetter; anything
which impedes.
W. Browne.
2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily
indispensable, but in the way at certain times.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary
spars and rigging kept aloft.
Ham"shac`kle (?), v. t.
[Ham + shackle.] To fasten
(an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs;
as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to
bind or restrain; to curb.
Ham"ster (?), n. [G.
hamster.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is
remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the
skin, and for its migrations.<-- often kept as a pet -->
Ham"string` (?), n.
(Anat.) One of the great tendons situated in each
side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with
the muscles of the back of the thigh.
Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hamstringing. See String.] To
lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to
hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.
So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by
seeking to effeminate us all at home.
Milton.
Ham"u*lar (?), a. Hooked;
hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the
sphenoid bone.
Ham"u*late (?), a. Furnished
with a small hook; hook-shaped.
Gray.
Ham"ule (?), n. [L.
hamulus.] A little hook.
Ham"u*lose" (?), a. [L.
hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.]
Bearing a small hook at the end.
Gray.
\'d8Ham"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Hamuli (/). [L., a little
hook.] 1. (Anat.) A hook, or
hooklike process.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A hooked barbicel of a
feather.
Han (?), contr. inf. & plural
pres. of Haven. To have; have.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Him thanken all, and thus they han an end.
Chaucer.
Han"ap (?), n. [F.
hanap. See Hanaper.] A rich
goblet, esp. one used on state occasions.
[Obs.]
Han"a*per (?), n. [LL.
hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase,
bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf.
ONG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS.
hn\'91p cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper,
Nappy, n.] A kind of basket,
usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying
of articles; a hamper.
Hanaper office, an office of the English court
of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the
public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper
or hamper.
Blackstone.
Hance (?), v. t. [See
Enhance.] To raise; to elevate.
[Obs.]
Lydgate.
{ Hance (?), Hanch (?),
}[See Hanse.] 1.
(Arch.) See Hanse.
2. (Naut.) A sudden fall or break, as
the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.
Hand (?), n. [AS.
hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw.
hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand,
Icel. h\'94nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to
Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf.
Hunt.] 1. That part of the fore limb
below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the
corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See
Manus.
2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs
the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb
of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four
extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or
pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a
clock.
3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four
inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of
horses.
4. Side; part; direction, either right or
left.
On this hand and that hand, were
hangings.
Ex. xxxviii. 15.
The Protestants were then on the winning hand.
Milton.
5. Power of performance; means of execution;
ability; skill; dexterity.
He had a great mind to try his hand at a
Spectator.
Addison.
6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship;
agency; hence, manner of performance.
To change the hand in carrying on the war.
Clarendon.
Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my
hand.
Judges vi. 36.
7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman,
trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer
more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm
hand; an old hand at speaking.
A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many
hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped
for.
Locke.
I was always reckoned a lively hand at a
simile.
Hazlitt.
8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a
good, bad or running hand. Hence, a
signature.
I say she never did invent this letter;
This is a man's invention and his hand.
Shak.
Some writs require a judge's hand.
Burril.
9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control;
direction; management; -- usually in the plural.
\'bdReceiving in hand one year's tribute.\'b8
Knolles.
Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the
goverment of Britain.
Milton.
10. Agency in transmission from one person to
another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the
producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no
longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.
11. Rate; price. [Obs.]
\'bdBusiness is bought at a dear hand, where there is
small dispatch.\'b8
Bacon.
12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at
once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The
quota of cards received from the dealer. (b)
(Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied
together.
13. (Firearms) The small part of a
gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking
aim.
Hand is used figuratively for a large
variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of
which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a
symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as:
(a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from
the head, which implies thought, and the
heart, which implies affection. \'bdHis
hand will be against every man.\'b8 Gen. xvi.
12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the
Scriptures. \'bdWith a mighty hand . . . will I rule
over you.\'b8 Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal
feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the
right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of
marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the
hand.
Hand is often used adjectively or in
compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed
by the hand; as, hand blow or
hand-blow, hand gripe or
hand-gripe: used by, or designed
for, the hand; as, hand ball or
handball, hand bow, hand fetter,
hand grenade or hand-grenade,
handgun or hand gun, handloom or
hand loom, handmill or hand
organ or handorgan, handsaw or
hand saw, hand-weapon: measured
or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth
or hand's breadth, hand gallop or
hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following
paragraph are written either as two words or in
combination.
Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying
books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket,
a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell,
a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell.
Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning
hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See
under Car. -- Hand director
(Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good
position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand
guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist
drop. -- Hand gallop. See under
Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.),
apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine,
usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. --
Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed
frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A
small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide.
Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand
language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as
practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand
lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand
money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest
money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a
barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. --
Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand
tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in
staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand
sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W.
Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen
to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a
small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights;
(Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand
staff (pl. Hand staves), a
javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp,
a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers,
envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.),
a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon
platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the
form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise
held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. --
Hand work, Handwork,
work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by
a machine; handiwork. -- All hands,
everybody; all parties. -- At all
hands, On all hands, on all sides;
from every direction; generally. -- At any
hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way
or direction; on any account; on no account. \'bdAnd therefore
at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of
humility.\'b8 Jer. Taylor. -- At first
hand, At second hand. See def. 10
(above). -- At hand. (a) Near in
time or place; either present and within reach, or not far
distant. \'bdYour husband is at hand; I hear his
trumpet.\'b8 Shak. (b) Under the hand
or bridle. [Obs.] \'bdHorses hot at
hand.\'b8 Shak. -- At the hand of,
by the act of; as a gift from. \'bdShall we receive good
at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil?\'b8
Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See
under Bridle. -- By hand, with the
hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or
animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw,
or carry by hand. -- Clean hands,
freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in
money matters, or of bribe taking. \'bdHe that hath clean
hands shall be stronger and stronger.\'b8 Job xvii.
9. -- From hand to hand, from one person
to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In
union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b)
Just; fair; equitable.
As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand
comparison.
Shak.
-- Hand over hand, Hand over
fist, by passing the hands alternately one
before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand;
also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over
hand. -- Hand over head, negligently;
rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.]
Bacon. -- Hand running,
consecutively; as, he won ten times hand
running. -- Hand off! keep off!
forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to
hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand
to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy
hand, severity or oppression. -- In
hand. (a) Paid down. \'bdA considerable reward
in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter.\'b8
Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking
place. Chaucer. \'bdRevels . . . in
hand.\'b8 Shak. (c) Under
consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the
business in hand. -- In one's
hand hands. (a) In
one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk,
or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. --
Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to
office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing
persons. -- Light hand, gentleness;
moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory
note. -- Off hand, Out of
hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or
difficulty; promptly. \'bdShe causeth them to be hanged up
out of hand.\'b8 Spenser. -- Off
one's hands, out of one's possession or care. --
On hand, in present possession; as, he has a
supply of goods on hand. -- On one's
hands, in one's possession care, or management. --
Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient
Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand,
the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack
hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth.
-- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous
government. -- To bear a hand (Naut),
to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in
hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses.
[Obs.] Shak. -- To be
hand and glove, with.
See under Glove. -- To be on the mending
hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To
bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling
it. -- To change hand. See
Change. -- To change hands, to
change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. --
To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as
by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come
to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession;
as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To
get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.]
Appetites have . . . got such a hand
over them.
Baxter.
-- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a
certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business.
-- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have
a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed
in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have
in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b)
To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have
one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do,
or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor
or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. --
To have, , the (higher)
upper hand, to have, or get, the better of
another person or thing. -- To his hand,
To my hand, etc., in readiness; already
prepared. \'bdThe work is made to his hands.\'b8
Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete
successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.]
Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize;
to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give
assistance. -- To lift, , the hand against, to attack;
to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to
mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want
compels, without previous provision. -- To make one's
hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put
the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.--
To put the last, , hand
to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to
perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in;
to undertake.
That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou
settest thine hand to.
Deut. xxiii. 20.
-- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect
one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract,
or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. --
To take in hand. (a) To attempt or
undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he
took him in hand. -- To wash the
hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or
responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's
hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. --
Under the hand of, authenticated by the
handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed
under the hand and seal of the
owner.
Hand (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr.
& vb. n. Handing.] 1. To
give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed
them the letter.
2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to
conduct; as, to hand a lady into a
carriage.
3. To manage; as, I hand my
oar. [Obs.]
Prior.
4. To seize; to lay hands on.
[Obs.]
Shak.
5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast.
[R.]
6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a
sail.
Totten.
To hand down, to transmit in succession, as
from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables
are handed down from age to age; to forward to the
proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of
the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. --
To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender;
to deliver up.
Hand, v. i. To co\'94perate.
[Obs.]
Massinger.
Hand"bar"row (?), n. A frame or
barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.
Hand"bill` (?), n. 1.
A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.
2. A pruning hook. [Usually written
hand bill.]
Hand"book` (?), n.
[Hand + book; cf. AS.
handb/c, or G. handbuch.] A
book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a
guidebook.
Hand"breadth` (?), n. A space
equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm.
Ex. xxxvii. 12.
Hand"cart`, n. A cart drawn or pushed by
hand.
Hand"cloth` (?; 115), n. A
handkerchief.
Hand"craft` (?), n. Same as
Handicraft.
Hand"crafts`man (?), n.; pl.
-men (/). A
handicraftsman.
Hand"cuff` (?), n. [AS.
handcops; hand hand + cosp,
cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E.
cuffs,] A fastening, consisting of an iron
ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on
the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.
<-- p. 668 -->
Hand"cuff` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Handcuffed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Handcuffing.] To apply handcuffs to; to
manacle.
Hay (1754).
Hand"ed, a. 1. With hands
joined; hand in hand.
Into their inmost bower,
Handed they went.
Milton.
2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.
As poisonous tongued as handed.
Shak.
Handed is used in composition in the
sense of having (such or so many) hands;
as, bloody-handed; free-handed;
heavy-handed; left-handed;
single-handed.
Hand"er (?), n. One who hands
over or transmits; a conveyer in succession.
Dryden.
Hand"fast` (?), n. 1.
Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. Contract; specifically, espousal.
[Obs.]
Hand"fast`, a. Fast by contract;
betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.]
Bale.
Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Handfasting.] To pledge; to bind; to
betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the
celebration of marriage. [Obs.]<-- ##?? to
allow cohabitation? -->
Hand"fast`, n. [G. handfest;
hand hand + fest strong. See
Fast.] Strong;
steadfast.[R.]
Carlyle.
Hand"fast`ly, adv. In a handfast or
publicly pledged manner. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
Hand"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The frogfish.
Hand"ful (?), n.; pl. Hand
flus (#). [AS.
handfull.] 1. As much as the hand
will grasp or contain.
Addison.
2. A hand's breadth; four inches.
[Obs.]
Knap the tongs together about a handful from the
bottom.
Bacon.
3. A small quantity.
This handful of men were tied to very hard
duty.
Fuller.
To have one's handful, to have one's hands
full; to have all one can do. [Obs.]
They had their handful to defend themselves from
firing.
Sir. W. Raleigh.
Hand"-hole (?), n. (Steam
Boilers) A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of
the hand in cleaning, etc.
Hand-hole plate, the cover of a
hand-hole.
Hand"i*cap (?), n. [From
hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of
setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]
1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or
distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor
possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other
hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in
order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success;
as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds,
and the like.
2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of
agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of
time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the
chances of the competitors.
3. An old game at cards. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Handicapped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Handicapping.] To encumber
with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at
disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily
handicapped.
Hand"i*cap`per (?), n. One who
determines the conditions of a handicap.
Hand"i*craft (?), n. [For
handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS.
handcr\'91ft.] 1. A trade
requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.
Addison.
2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a
handicraftsman. [R.]
Dryden.
Hand"i-crafts`man (?), n.; pl.
-men (/). A man skilled or
employed in handcraft.
Bacon.
Hand"i*ly (?), adv. [See
Handy.] In a handy manner; skillfully;
conveniently.
Hand"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being handy.
Hand"i`ron (?), n. See
Andrion. [Obs.]
Hand"i*work` (?), n. [OE.
handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand
hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- +
weorc. See Work.] Work done by the
hands; hence, any work done personally.
The firmament showeth his handiwork.
Ps. xix. 1.
Hand"ker*cher (?), n. A
handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Chapman (1654). Shak.
Hand"ker*chief (h, n. [Hand +
kerchief.] 1. A piece of cloth,
usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the
face or hands.
2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to
be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.
Han"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Handled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handling
.] [OE. handlen, AS.
handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G.
handeln. See Hand.] 1. To
touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.
Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not
flesh.
Luke xxiv. 39.
About his altar, handling holy things.
Milton.
2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to
wield; often, to manage skillfully.
That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper.
Shak.
3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take
care of, with the hands.
The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and
handle their colts six months every year.
Sir W. Temple.
4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through
one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant
handles a variety of goods, or a large stock.
5. To deal with; to make a business of.
They that handle the law knew me not.
Jer. ii. 8.
6. To treat; to use, well or ill.
How wert thou handled being prisoner.
Shak.
7. To manage; to control; to practice skill
upon.
You shall see how I will handle her.
Shak.
8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to
treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection.
We will handle what persons are apt to envy
others.
Bacon.
To handle without gloves. See under
Glove. [Colloq.]
Han"dle (?), v. i. To use the
hands.
They have hands, but they handle not.
Ps. cxv. 7.
Han"dle, n. [AS. handle. See
Hand.] 1. That part of vessels,
instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved,
as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle,
etc.
2. That of which use is made; the instrument for
effecting a purpose; a tool.
South.
To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or
means.
Han"dle*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being handled.
Hand"less (?), a. Without a
hand.
Shak.
Han"dling (?), n. [AS.
handlung.] 1. A touching,
controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as
with the hands. See Handle, v. t.
The heavens and your fair handling
Have made you master of the field this day.
Spenser.
2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.) The mode of
using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch.
Fairholt.
Hand"made" (?), a. Manufactured
by hand; as, handmade shoes.
{ Hand"maid" (?), Hand"maiden
(?), } n. A maid that waits at
hand; a female servant or attendant.
Hand"saw` (#) n. A saw used
with one hand.
Hand"sel (?), n. [Written
also hansel.] [OE. handsal,
hansal, hansel, AS. hands/lena
giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal;
hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS.
sellan to give, deliver. See Sell,
Sale. ] 1. A sale, gift, or delivery
into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or
using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for
the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money
received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money
taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young
woman on her wedding day, etc.
Their first good handsel of breath in this
world.
Fuller.
Our present tears here, not our present laughter,
Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter.
Herrick.
2. Price; payment. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new
year, when handsels or presents are given to servants,
children, etc.
Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Handseled Handseled
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Handseling
Handselling.] [Written also
hansel.] [OE handsellen,
hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala,
handselja. See Handsel, n.]
1. To give a handsel to.
2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to
make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally.
No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture
hath handseled it with prayer.
Fuller.
Hand"some (?; 277), a.
[Compar. Handsomer (?);
superl. Handsomest.]
[Hand + -some. It at first meant,
dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber,
manageable, and E. handy.] 1.
Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to
things as persons. [Obs.]
That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and
handsome to be moved and turned about.
Robynson (Utopia).
For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was
first invented for him.
Spenser.
2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having
a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry
and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than pretty,
and less than beautiful; as, a handsome
man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree,
horse.<-- MW10 treats it as synonymous with beautiful
in this sense. -->
3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety
and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a
handsome style, etc.
Easiness and handsome address in writing.
Felton.
4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of
character; liberal; generous.
Handsome is as handsome does.
Old Proverb.
5. Ample; moderately large.
He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money.
V. Knox.
To do the handsome thing, to act liberally.
[Colloq.]
Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty.
Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which
please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl,
a pretty flower, a pretty cottage.
Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a
larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are
pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected
with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training,
cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely
into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes
mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are
well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a
handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a
handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned
limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other
qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are
essential; of a handsome tree, and a
handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of
proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different
application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a
handsome offer.
Had"some, v. t. To render
handsome. [Obs.]
Donne
Hand"some*ly, adv. 1. In a
handsome manner.
2. (Naut.) Carefully; in shipshape
style.
Hand"some*ness, n. The quality of being
handsome.
Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty
the mere imaginative.
Hare.
Hand"spike` (?), n. A bar or
lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for
heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various
purposes.
Hand"spring` (?), n. A
somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the
ground.
Hand"-tight` (?), a.
(Naut.) As tight as can be made by the
hand.
Totten.
Hand"wheel` (?), n.
(Mach.) Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the
rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or
other part is adjusted.
Hand"-winged` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having wings that are like hands in
the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats.
See Cheiroptera.
Hand"writ`ing (?), n. 1.
The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person;
chirography.
2. That which is written by hand; manuscript.
The handwriting on the wall, a doom
pronounced; an omen of disaster.
Dan. v. 5.
Hand"y (?), a.
[Compar. Handier (?);
superl. Handiest.] [OE.
hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr.
hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth.
handugs clever, wise.] 1.
Performed by the hand. [Obs.]
To draw up and come to handy strokes.
Milton.
2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready;
adroit. \'bdEach is handy in his way.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use
of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as,
my tools are handy; a handy volume.
4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to
the helm; -- said of a vessel.
Handy"y-dan`dy (?), n. A
child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other
holds some small object, winning the object if right and
forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit.
Piers Plowman.
Hand"y*fight` (?), n. A fight
with the hands; boxing. \'bdPollux loves
handyfights.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Hand"y*gripe` (?), n. Seizure
by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in
fighting.
Hudibras.
Hand"y*stroke` (?), n. A blow
with the hand.
Hand"-work` (?), n. See
Handiwork.
Hang (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hanged
(h?ngd) Hung (/); p. pr. &
vb. n. Hanging. The use of
hanged is preferable to that of hung, when
reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is
also more common.] [OE.
hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS.
hangian, v. i., fr. h/n,
v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen);
akin to OS. hang/n, v. i. D.
hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen,
v. i, h\'84ngen, v. t, Isel
hanga, v. i., Goth. h\'behan,
v. t. (imp. ha\'a1hah),
h\'behan, v. i. (imp. hahaida),
and perh. to L. cunctari to delay.
1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point
without support from below; -- often used with up or
out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to
hang up a sign; to hang out a
banner.
2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free
motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a
pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.
3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of
an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath,
or an ax to its helve. [U. S.]
4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a
form of capital punishment; as, to hang a
murderer.
5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging
pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with
paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc.
Hung be the heavens with black.
Shak.
And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils.
Dryden.
6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a
room.
7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined
manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he
hung his head in shame.
Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head.
Milton.
To hang down, to let fall below the proper
position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down
the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. --
To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in
communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun
hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in
suspense.
Hand, v. i. 1. To be suspended
or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to
dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.
2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of
free motion on the point or points of suspension.
3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the
neck. [R.] \'bdSir Balaam
hangs.\'b8
Pope.
4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; --
usually with on or upon; as, this
question hangs on a single point. \'bdTwo
infants hanging on her neck.\'b8
Peacham.
5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight.
Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden.
Addison.
6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; --
usually with over; as, evils hang over
the country.
7. To lean or incline; to incline downward.
To decide which way hung the victory.
Milton.
His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung.
Pope.
8. To slope down; as, hanging
grounds.
9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in
suspense; to linger; to be delayed.
A noble stroke he lifted high,
Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell
On the proud crest of Satan.
Milton.
To hang around, to loiter idly about. --
To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be
reluctant. \'bdIf any one among you hangs back.\'b8
Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the
eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or
tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition;
to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt,
to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with
the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to
stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang
on the lips, words, etc., to be
charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out.
(a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to
project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman
hangs out against an agreement.
[Colloq.]<-- =hold out?--> (c) to lounge around a
particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at
the mall these days--> -- To hang over. (a)
To project at the top. (b) To impend
over. -- To hang to, to cling. --
To hang together. (a) To remain united;
to stand by one another. \'bdWe are all of a piece; we
hang together.\'b8 Dryden. (b)
To be self-consistent; as, the story does not hang
together. [Colloq.] -- To hang
upon. (a) To regard with passionate
affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover
around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating
enemy.
Hang, n. 1. The manner in which
one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another;
as, the hang of a scythe.
2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the
hang of a discourse. [Colloq.]
<-- p. 669 -->
3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope.
[Colloq.]
To get the hang of, to learn the method or
arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to.
[Colloq.]
Hang"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus
galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from
the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.
Hang"-by` (?), n.; pl.
Hang-bies (/). A dependent; a
hanger-on; -- so called in contempt.
B. Jonson.
Hag"dog` (?), n. A base,
degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.
Hang"dog`, Low; sneaking; ashamed.
The poor colonel went out of the room with a
hangdog look.
Thackeray.
Hang"er (?), n. 1. One
who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.
2. That by which a thing is suspended.
Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by
which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b)
(Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in
which shafting runs. See Illust. of
Countershaft. (c) A bridle
iron.<-- (d) clothes hanger -->
3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword
worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short,
curved sword.
4. A steep, wooded declivity.
[Eng.]
Gilbert White.
Hang"er-on` (?), n.; pl.
Hangers-on (/). One who hangs
on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one
who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted.
Goldsmith.
Hang"ing, a. 1. Requiring,
deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. \'bdWhat a
hanging face!\'b8
Dryden.
2. Suspended from above; pendent; as,
hanging shelves.
3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as,
the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the
hinges.
Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that
the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging
garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation
by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging
indentation. See under Indentation. --
Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a
door or casement to which hinges are attached. --
Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging
side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging
sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the
gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b)
Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile.
(Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which
hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a
window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the
pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging
wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined
vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in
the vein.
Hang"ing, n. 1. The act of
suspending anything; the state of being suspended.
2. Death by suspension; execution by a
halter.
3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the
walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a
door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.
Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls.
Dryden.
Hang"man (?), n.; pl.
Hangmen(/). One who hangs another; esp.,
one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; --
sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to
office.
Shak.
Hang"man*ship, n.. The office or
character of a hangman.
Hang"nail` (?), n. [A
corruption of agnail.] A small piece or
silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger
nail.
Holloway.
Hang"nest` (?), n. 1.
A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.
2. A bird which builds such a nest; a
hangbird.
Hank (?), n. [Cf. Dan.
hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel.
hanki hasp, clasp, h\'94nk,
hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel,
henk, handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See
Hang.] 1. A parcel consisting of two
or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.
2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate.
[Prov. Eng.]
3. Hold; influence.
When the devil hath got such a hank over him.
Bp. Sanderson.
4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood,
or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a
stay.
Hank, v. t. 1. [OE.
hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a
gate. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
2. To form into hanks.
Han"ker (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hankered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang;
cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.]
1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and
uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with
for or after; as, to hanker
after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the
town.
Addison.
He was hankering to join his friend.
J. A. Symonds.
2. To linger in expectation or with desire.
Thackeray.
Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering
manner.
Han"key-pan"key (?), n. [Cf.
Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the chatter
of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence,
jugglery. [Colloq.]
Han`o*ve"ri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover
in England.
Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or
naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of
Hanover.
Han" sa (?), n. See 2d
Hanse.
Han"sard (?), n. An official
report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called
from the name of the publishers.
Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the
Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse.
Hanse (?), n. [Cf. F.
anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch,
flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.]
(Arch.) That part of an elliptical or
many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately
adjoins the impost.
Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F.
hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa;
akin to AS. h/s band, troop.] An
association; a league or confederacy.
Hanse towns (Hist.), certain
commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the
protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy,
called also Hansa and Hanseatic
league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained
for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised
eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L\'81beck, Hamburg, and Bremen,
are free cities, and are still frequently called
Hanse towns.
Han`se*at"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.
Hanseatic league. See under 2d
Hanse.
Han"sel (?), n. & v. See
Handsel.
Han"sel*ines (?), n. A sort of
breeches. [Obs..]
Chaucer.
Han"som (?), n., Han"som
cab` (/). [From the name of the
inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage
with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed
over the top.
He hailed a cruising hansom . . . \'bd 'Tis the
gondola of London,\'b8 said Lothair.
Beaconsfield.
Han't (?). A contraction of
have not, or has not, used in illiterate
speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is
hain't.
Han"u*man (?), n. See
Hoonoomaun.
Hap (?), v. t.
[OE.happen.] To clothe; to wrap.
The surgeon happed her up carefully.
Dr. J. Brown.
Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to
clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. &
Scot.]
Hap, n. [Icel. happ
unexpected good luck. ///.] That which happens
or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence
or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate;
luck; lot.
Chaucer.
Whether art it was or heedless hap.
Spenser.
Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build
Their hopes on haps.
Sir P. Sidney.
Loving goes by haps:
Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.
Shak.
Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See
Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To
happen; to befall; to chance.
Chaucer.
Sends word of all that haps in Tyre.
Shak.
Hap'"pen*ny (?), n. A
half-penny.
Hap"haz`ard (?), n.
[Hap + hazard.] Extra
hazard; chance; accident; random.
We take our principles at haphazard, upon
trust.
Locke.
Hap"less (?), a. Without hap or
luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as,
hapless youth; hapless maid.
Dryden.
Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky
manner.
\'d8Ha*plo"mi (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / simple + / shoulder.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes,
cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.
Hal`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Gr.
/ simple + / a thread.] (Bot.) Having
but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper
number of petals; isostemonous.
Hap"ly (?), adv. By hap,
chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
Lest haply ye be found even to fight against
God.
Acts v. 39.
Happed (?), p. a. [From 1st
Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked.
[Scot.]
All happed with flowers in the green wood were.
Hogg.
Hap"pen (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Happened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Happening.] [OE. happenen,
hapnen. See Hap to happen.] 1.
To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to
fall out.
There shall no evil happen to the just.
Prov. xii. 21.
2. To take place; to occur.
All these things which had happened.
Luke xxiv. 14.
To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light
upon. \'bdI have happened on some other accounts.\'b8
Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a
casual call. [Colloq.]
Hap"pi*ly (?), adv. [From
Happy.] 1. By chance; peradventure;
haply. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.
Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown.
Waller.
3. In a happy manner or state; in happy
circumstances; as, he lived happily with his
wife.
4. With address or dexterity; gracefully;
felicitously; in a manner to success; with success.
Formed by thy converse, happily to steer
From grave to gay, from lively to severe.
Pope.
Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously;
contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.
Hap"pi*ness, n. [From
Happy.] 1. Good luck; good fortune;
prosperity.
All happiness bechance to thee in Milan!
Shak.
2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul
arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind;
the possession of those circumstances or that state of being
which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy;
contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.
3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used
especially of language.
Some beauties yet no precepts can declare,
For there's a happiness, as well as care.
Pope.
Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity,
Blessedness, Bliss.
Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every
kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites;
felicity is a more formal word, and is used more
sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated
associations; blessedness is applied to the most
refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and
religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted
delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated
in heaven.
O happiness! our being's end and aim!
Pope.
Others in virtue place felicity,
But virtue joined with riches and long life;
In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.
Milton.
His overthrow heaped happiness upon him;
For then, and not till then, he felt himself,
And found the blessedness of being little.
Shak.
Hap"py (?), a.
[Compar. Happier (?);
superl. Happiest.] [From
Hap chance.] 1. Favored by hap,
luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous;
satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a
happy effort; a happy venture; a happy
omen.
Chymists have been more happy in finding
experiments than the causes of them.
Boyle.
2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune;
having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being
or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace,
tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy
hours, happy thoughts.
Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord.
Ps. cxliv. 15.
The learned is happy Nature to explore,
The fool is happy that he knows no more.
Pope.
3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.
One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels
in a in a rejoinder.
Swift.
Happy family, a collection of animals of
different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in
one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons
who are in fact mutually repugnant. --
Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck;
improvident; easy-going. \'bdHappy-go-lucky
carelessness.\'b8
W. Black.
\'d8Ha*pu"ku (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable food fish
(Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes
weighs one hundred pounds or more.
Haque"but (?), n. See
Hagbut.
Ha"ra-ki`ri (?), n. [Jap.,
stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen,
formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in
the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also
written, but incorrectly, hari-kari.
W. E. Griffis.
Ha*rangue" (?), n. [F.
harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It.
aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the
hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr.
OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G.
ring. See Ring.] A speech
addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud
address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech;
declamation; ranting.
Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed,
Assemble, and harangues are heard.
Milton.
Syn. -- Harangue, Speech,
Oration. Speech is generic; an
oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an
harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a
noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an
harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a
demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of
their wrongs.
Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Harangued (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Haranguing.] [Cf. F.
haranguer, It. aringare.] To
make an harangue; to declaim.
Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an
harangue.
Ha*rangue"ful (?), a. Full of
harangue.
Ha*rang"uer (?), n. One who
harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.
With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng,
That thought to get preferment by the tongue.
Dryden.
Har"ass (has), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Harassed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harassing.] [F. harasser;
cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords,
harace, harasse,a very heavy and large
shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To
fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to
weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure
excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by
out.
[Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome
march.
Bacon.
Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care.
Addison.
Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease;
worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex;
molest; trouble; disturb; torment.
Har"ass, n. 1. Devastation;
waste. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. Worry; harassment. [R.]
Byron.
Har"ass*er (?), n. One who
harasses.
Har"ass*ment (?), n. The act of
harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance;
anxiety.
Little harassments which I am led to suspect do
occasionally molest the most fortunate.
Ld. Lytton.
Har"ber*ous (?), a.
Harborous. [Obs.]
A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly
appareled, harberous.
Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)
Har"bin*ger (?), n. [OE.
herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who
provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging,
F. h\'82berger, OF. herberge lodging, inn,
F. auberge; of German origin. See
Harbor.] 1. One who provides
lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household
who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and
prepare lodgings.
Fuller.
2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.
I knew by these harbingers who were coming.
Landor.
Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Harbingered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Harbingering.] To usher in; to
be a harbinger of. \'bdThus did the star of religious
freedom harbinger the day.\'b8
Bancroft.
Har"bor (?), n. [Written also
harbour.] [OE herbor,
herberwe, herberge, Icel.
herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a
shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to
save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G.
heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis,
and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G.
bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf.
Harbinger.] 1. A station for rest
and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a
shelter.
[A grove] fair harbour that them seems.
Spenser.
For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked.
Dryden.
2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly
body. [Obs.]
4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body
of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be
a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or
haven.
<-- p. 670 -->
5. (Glass Works) A mixing box
materials.
Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for
the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal
(Zo\'94l.), the common seal. -- Harbor
watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor
watch.
Har"bor (?), v. t. [Written
also harbour.] [imp. & p.
p. Harbored (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Harboring.] [OE.
herberen, herberwen, herbergen;
cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor,
n.] To afford lodging to; to enter as
guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a
thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).
Any place that harbors men.
Shak.
The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the
person suspected.
Bp. Burnet.
Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of
outrage.
Rowe.
Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a
time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.
For this night let's harbor here in York.
Shak.
Har"bor*age (?), n. Shelter;
entertainment.[R.]
Where can I get me harborage for the night?
Tennyson.
Har"bor*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, harbors.
Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for
religion.
Strype.
Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor;
shelterless.
Har"bor mas`ter (?). An officer charged
with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of
a harbor.
{ Har"bor*ough (?), Har"brough
(?), }[See Harbor.] A
shelter. [Obs].
Spenser.
Har"bor*ous (?), a.
Hospitable. [Obs.]
Hard (?), a.
[Compar. Harder (?);
superl. Hardest.]
[OE. heard, AS. heard; akin
to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG.
harti, Icel. har/r, Dan.
haard, Sw. h\'86rd,
Goth. hardus, Gr./ strong,
/,/, strength, and also to
E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard,
-crat, -cracy in autocrat,
democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength,
/ to do, make. Gf.Hardy.] 1.
Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not
yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to
material bodies, and opposed to soft; as,
hard wood; hard flesh; a hard
apple.
2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily
apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard
problem.
The hard causes they brought unto Moses.
Ex. xviii. 26.
In which are some things hard to be understood.
2 Peter iii. 16.
3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles;
laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a
disease hard to cure.
4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.
The stag was too hard for the horse.
L'Estrange.
A power which will be always too hard for
them.
Addison.
5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up
with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive;
distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot;
hard times; hard fare; a hard winter;
hard conditions or terms.
I never could drive a hard bargain.
Burke.
6. Difficult to please or influence; stern;
unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a
hard master; a hard heart; hard words;
a hard character.
7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff;
rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard
style.
Figures harder than even the marble itself.
Dryden.
8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as,
hard cider.
9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not
aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the
organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants,
as c in came, and g in
go, as distinguished from the same letters in
center, general, etc.
10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance;
harsh; as, a hard tone.
11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the
drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of
composition. (b) Having disagreeable and
abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.
Hard cancer, Hard case,
etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. --
Hard clam, Hard-shelled
clam (Zo\'94l.), the guahog. --
Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from
bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and
fast. (Naut.) See under Fast.
-- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth
finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of
rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship;
difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or
specie, as distinguished from paper money.
-- Hard oyster (Zo\'94l.), the northern
native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard
pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil;
hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or
quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of
a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard
rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard
solder. See under Solder. -- Hard
water, water, which contains lime or some mineral
substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness,
3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard
texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction
from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard
condition, in excellent condition for racing; having
firm muscles;-said of race horses.
Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding;
stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe;
obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.
Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS.
hearde.] 1. With pressure; with
urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.
And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince.
Dryden.
My father
Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself.
Shak.
2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves
hard.
3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly.
Shak.
4. So as to raise difficulties. \'bd The guestion
is hard set\'b8.
Sir T. Browne.
5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently;
with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically;
as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence,
rapidly; as, to run hard.
6. Close or near.
Whose house joined hard to the synagogue.
Acts xviii.7.
Hard by, near by;
close at hand; not far off. \'bdHard by a cottage
chimney smokes.\'b8 Milton. -- Hard
pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed;
as, he was hard pushed or hard run for
time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard
up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money
or resources; as, hard up for amusements.
[Slang]
Hard in nautical language is often
joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the
order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the
helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme
limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard!
Hard alee! Hard aweather up!
Hard is also often used in composition with a
participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned;
hard-working; hard-won.
Hard (?), v. t. To harden; to
make hard. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hard, n. A ford or passage across a
river or swamp.
Hard"bake` (?), n. A sweetmeat
of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored
with orange or lemon juice, etc.
Thackeray.
Hard"beam` (?), n. (Bot.)
A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny
texture; hornbeam.
Hard"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hardened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening
(?).] [OE. hardnen,
hardenen.] 1. To make hard or
harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to
harden clay or iron.
2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with
constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm
in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable.
\'bdHarden not your heart.\'b8
Ps. xcv. 8.
I would harden myself in sorrow.
Job vi. 10.
Hard"en, v. i. 1. To become
hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as,
mortar hardens by drying.
The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has
hardened into tradition.
The Century.
2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a
good or a bad sense.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim.
Milton.
Hard"ened (?), a. Made hard, or
compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate;
confirmed in error or vice.
Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling;
unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.
Hard"en*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.
Hard"en*ing, n. 1. Making hard
or harder.
2. That which hardens, as a material used for
converting the surface of iron into steel.
Har"der (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South African mullet, salted for
food.
Har*de"ri*an (?), a.
(Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal gland on
the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third
eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating
membrane, under Nictitate.
Hard"-fa`vored (?), a.
Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was
hard-favored.
Dryden.
Hard"fa`vored*ness, n. Coarseness of
features.
Hard"-fea`tured (?), a Having
coarse, unattractive or stern features.
Smollett.
Hard"fern` (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in
Europe and Northwestern America.
Hard"-fist`ed (?), a. 1.
Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted
laborer.
2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly.
Bp. Hall.
Hard"-fought` (?), a. Vigorously
contested; as, a hard-fought battle.
Hard" grass` (/). (Bot.) A
name given to several different grasses, especially to the
Roltb\'94llia incurvata, and to the species of
\'92gilops, from one of which it is contended that
wheat has been derived.
Hard"hack` (/), n.
(Bot.) A very astringent shrub (Spir\'91a
tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla
fruticosa in also called by this name.
Hard"-hand`ed (?), a. Having
hard hands, as a manual laborer.
Hard-handed men that work in Athens here.
Shak.
Hard"head` (?), n. 1.
Clash or collision of heads in contest.
Dryden.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The menhaden.
See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.]
(b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus)
of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the
steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See
Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A
coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia
dura).
Hard"-head`ed, a. Having sound judgment;
sagacious; shrewd. --
Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.
Hard"-heart`ed (?), a.
Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. --
Hard"-heart`ed*ness,
n.
Hard"di*head (?), n.
Hardihood. [Obs.]
Hard"di*hood (?), n.
[Hardy + -hood.] Boldness,
united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity;
also, audaciousness; impudence.
A bound of graceful hardihood.
Wordsworth.
It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood
to iniquity.
Buckminster.
Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness;
audacity; effrontery; impudence.
Har"di*ly, adv. 1. Same as
Hardly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely.
Wyclif.
Har"di*ment (?), n. [OF.
hardement. See Hardy.] Hardihood;
boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.]
Changing hardiment with great Glendower.
Shak.
Har"di*ness (?), n. 1.
Capability of endurance.
2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance.
Spenser.
Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever
Of hardiness is mother.
Shak.
They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of
avowing the contempt of the king.
Clarendon.
3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hard"ish (?), a. Somewhat
hard.
Hard"-la`bored (?), a. Wrought
with severe labor; elaborate; studied.
Swift.
Hard"ly (?), adv.
[AS.heardlice. See Hand.]
1. In a hard or difficult manner; with
difficulty.
Recovering hardly what he lost before.
Dryden.
2. Unwillingly; grudgingly.
The House of Peers gave so hardly thei/
consent.
Milton.
3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly.
Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of
being thought good.
South.
4. Severely; harshly; roughly.
He has in many things been hardly used.
Swift.
5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.]
Holland.
6. Certainly; surely; indeed.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hard"-mouthed` (?), a. Not
sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a
hard-mouthed horse.
Hard"ness, n. [AS.
heardness.] 1. The quality or
state of being hard, literally or figuratively.
The habit of authority also had given his manners some
peremptory hardness.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles
on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch
another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a
scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.
3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality
exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such
water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit
for washing purposes.
temporary hardness which can be
removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing
permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but
may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.
Har"dock (?), n. [Obs.]
See Hordock.
Hard"pan` (?), n. The hard
substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard,
a.
Hards (?), n. pl. [OE.
herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G.
hede.] The refuse or coarse part of fiax;
tow.
Hard"-shell` (?), a.
Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising;
strict. [Collog., U.S.]
Hard"ship (?), n. That which is
hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc.
Swift.
Hard"spun`, a. Firmly twisted in
spinning.
Hard"-tack` (?), n. A name
given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea
bread.
Hard"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Jurel.
Hard"-vis`aged (?), a. Of a
harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured.
Burke.
Hard"ware` (?), n. Ware made of
metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like;
ironmongery.
Hard"ware`man (?), n.; pl.
Hardwaremen (/). One who makes,
or deals in, hardware.
Har"dy (?), a.
[Compar. Hardier (?);
superl. Hardiest.]
[F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make
bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G.
h\'84rten. See Hard, a.]
1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e;
intrepid.
Hap helpeth hardy man alway.
Chaucer.
2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense,
morally hardened; shameless.
3. Strong; firm; compact.
[A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric.
South.
4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable
of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy
mariner.
5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.
hardy in Virginia may
perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those
which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate
frosts.
Har"dy, n. A blacksmith's fuller or
chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in
an anvil, called the hardy hole.
Hare (?), v. t. [Cf.
Harry, Harass.] To excite; to tease,
or worry; to harry. [Obs.]
Locke.
Hare, n. [AS. hara; akin to
D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso,
Dan. \'91 Sw. hare, Icel. h/ri, Skr.
/a/a. /.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus
Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a
divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps,
and is remarkable for its fecundity.
Lepustimidus. The northern or varying
hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare
(L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the
various species of hares are commonly called
rabbits.
2. (Astron.) A small constellation
situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus.
Hare and hounds, a game played by men and
boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start,
and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being
chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide
circuit. -- Hare kangaroo
(Zo\'94l.)., a small Australian kangaroo
(Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size
and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.),
a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; --
so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with
heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Jumping. --
Little chief hare, Crying
hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Chief
hare. -- Sea hare. (Zo\'94l.)
See Aplysia.
Hare"bell` (?), n. (Bot.)
A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula
rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also,
Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called
also bluebell. [Written also
hairbell.]
E'en the light harebell raised its head.
Sir W. Scott .
<-- p. 671 -->
Hare"'brained`' (?), a. Wild;
giddy; volatile; heedless. \'bdA mad hare-brained
fellow.\'b8 North (Plutarch). [Written also
hairbrained.]
Hare"foot` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is,
produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.
2. (Bot) A tree (Ochroma
Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united
somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.
Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species
of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky
heads.
Hare"-heart`ed (?), a.
Timorous; timid; easily frightened.
Ainsworth.
Hare"hound` (?), n. See
Harrier.
A. Chalmers.
Har"eld (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed duck. See
Old Squaw.
Hare"lip` (?), n. A lip,
commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular
division like that of a hare. --
Hare"lipped` (#),
a.
Ha"rem (?),
n.[Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden
of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.]
[Written also haram and hareem.]
1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted
to females in Mohammedan families.
2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to
one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.
Ha*ren"gi*form (?), a. [F.
hareng herring (LL.harengus) +
-form.] Herring-shaped.
Hare's"-ear` (?), n.
(Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum
rotundifolium ); -- so named from the shape of its
leaves.
Dr. Prior.
Hare's"-foot` fern` (?). (Bot.)
A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a
soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.
Hare's"-tail` (-t, n.
(Bot.) A kind of grass (Eriophorum
vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under
Cotton.
Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species
of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a
hare's tail.
Har"fang (?), n. [See
Hare, n., and Fang.]
(Zo\'94l.) The snowy owl.
Ha`ri*a"li grass` (?). (Bot.)
The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon;
dog's-grass.
Har"i*cot (?), n. [F.]
1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other
vegetables.
2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common
string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable.
Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of
haricots.
Har"i*er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Harrier.
Ha"ri*ka`ri (?), n. See
Hara-kiri.
Har`i*o*ia"tion (?), n. [See
Ariolation.] Prognostication;
soothsaying. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Har"ish (?), a. Like a
hare. [R.]
Huloet.
Hark (?), v. i. [OE.
herken. See Hearken.] To listen;
to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form
used as an interjection, Hark! listen.]
Hudibras.
Hark away! Hark back! Hark
forward! (Sporting), cries used to
incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark
back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has
wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.
He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back.
Haggard. He harked back to the
subject.
W. E. Norris.
Hark"en (?), v. t. & i. To
hearken.
Tennyson.
Harl (?), n. [Cf. OHG.
harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of
flax.] 1. A filamentous substance;
especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.
2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of
a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies.
[Written also herl.]
Harle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The red-breasted merganser.
Har"lech group` (?). [ So called from
Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.) A
minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in
Wales.
Har"le*quin (?), n. [F.
arlequin,formerly written also harlequin
(cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF.
hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is
prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf.
Hell, Kin.] A buffoon, dressed in
party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking,
to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew;
originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy.
Percy Smith.
As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters.
Johnson.
Harlequin bat (Zo\'94l.), an Indian
bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with
white spots. -- Harlequin beetle
(Zo\'94l.), a very large South American beetle
(Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and
antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and
gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug.
(Zo\'94l.) See Calicoback. --
Harlequin caterpillar. (Zo\'94l.), the
larva of an American bombycid moth (Euch\'91tes egle)
which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of
hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zo\'94l.),
a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus).
The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. --
Harlequin moth. (Zo\'94l.) See
Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See
Opal. -- Harlequin snake
(Zo\'94l.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps
fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern
United States.
Har"le*quin (?), n. i. To play
the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.
Har"le*quin, v. t. Toremove or conjure
away, as by a harlequin's trick.
And kitten,if the humor hit
Has harlequined away the fit.
M. Green.
Har"le*quin*ade` (?), n. [F.
arleguinade.] A play or part of play in
which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a
harlequin.
Macaulay.
Har"lock (?), n. Probably a
corruption either of charlock or hardock.
Drayton.
Har"lot (?), n.
[OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF.
harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr.
arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto;
of uncertain origin.] 1. A churl; a common
man; a person, male or female, of low birth.
[Obs.]
He was a gentle harlot and a kind.
Chaucer.
2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat;
a rascal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a
prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.
Har"lot, a. Wanton; lewd; low;
base.
Shak.
Har"lot, v. i. To play the harlot; to
practice lewdness.
Milton.
Har"lot*ize (?), v. i. To
harlot. [Obs.]
Warner.
Har"lot*ry (?), n. 1.
Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman. Chaucer.
2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual
or customary lewdness.
Dryden.
3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry
in art.
4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage.
[Obs.]
He sups to-night with a harlotry.
Shak.
Harm (?), n.
[OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm;
akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel.
harmr, Dan. harme, Sw.
harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr.
crama toil, fatigue.] 1. Injury;
hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.
2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss.
We, ignorant of ourselves,
Beg often our own harms.
Shak.
Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See
Mischief.
Harm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Harmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harming.] [OE. harmen, AS.
hearmian. See Harm, n.]
To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.
Though yet he never harmed me.
Shak.
No ground of enmity between us known
Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm.
Milton.
Har"ma*line (?), n. [Cf. F.
harmaline See Harmel.]
(Chem.) An alkaloid found in the plant
Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts.
Har*mat"tan (?), n. [F.
harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.] A dry,
hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in
December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or
Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the
sun.
Har"mel (?), n. [Ar.
harmal.] (Bot.) A kind of rue
(Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the
seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.
Harm"ful (?), a. Full of harm;
injurious; hurtful; mischievous. \'bd Most
harmful hazards.\'b8
Strype.
--Harm"ful*ly, adv. --
Harm"ful*ness, n.
Har"mine (?), n.[See
Harmaline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid
accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and
obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline
substance.
Harm"less (?), a. 1.
Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another
harmless.
2. Free from power or disposition to harm;
innocent; inoffensive. \'bd The harmless
deer.\'b8
Drayton
Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive;
unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed.
--Harm"less*ly, adv.-
Harm"less*ness, n.
Har*mon"ic (?), Har*mon"ic*al
(/), a. [L.
harmonicus, Gr. /; cf. F. harmonique. See
Harmony.] 1. Concordant; musical;
consonant; as, harmonic sounds.
Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass.
Pope.
2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as
melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating
to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the
predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous
body.
3. (Math.) Having relations or
properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical
consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions,
points, lines. motions, and the like.
Harmonic interval (Mus.), the
distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant
notes. -- Harmonical mean (Arith. &
Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities,
which bear an analogy to musical consonances. --
Harmonic motion, <-- reference to diagram of a circle
with radius having point P on the circle, and a diameter with
point A in the diameter. THe motion of point A, plotted over
time, will describe a sine wave! -->the motion of the point
A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in
the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly
upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic
motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple
harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The
motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately
simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic
proportion. See under Proportion. --
Harmonic series progression. See under
Progression. -- Spherical harmonic
analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to
as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its
object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two
independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of
physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical
surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space.
The functions employed in this method are called spherical
harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. --
Harmonic suture (Anat.), an
articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth
surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in
man; -- called also harmonic, and
harmony. -- Harmonic triad
(Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and
fifth; the common chord.
Har*mon"ic (?), n. (Mus.)
A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a
multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See
Harmonics.
Har*mon"i*ca (?), n. [Fem. fr.
L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic,
n. ] 1. A musical instrument,
consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by
touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the
tones.<-- NOTE: This is now called the "Glass harmonica".
The modern hand instrument has reeds -->
2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal
hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.
Har* mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.
2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from
melody; as, a passage harmonically
correct.
3. (Math.) In harmonical
progression.
Har*mon"i*con (?), n. A small,
flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced
by the vibration of free metallic reeds.<-- now called the
harmonica. -->
Har*mon"ics (?), n. 1.
The doctrine or science of musical sounds.
2. pl. (Mus.) Secondary and
less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently
simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the
seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones
produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to
it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate;
overtones.
Har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
harmonieux. See Harmony.] 1.
Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each
other; symmetrical.
God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and
beautiful without us.
Locke.
2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in
action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an
harmonious family.
3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably
consonant; symphonious.
-- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
Har*mon"i*phon (?), n. [Gr./
harmony + / sound.] (Mus.) An obsolete
wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which
resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin
metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.
Har"mo*nist (?), n. [Cf. F.
harmoniste.] 1. One who shows the
agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different
authors, as of the four evangelists.
2. (Mus.) One who understands the
principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in
composition; a musical composer.
{ Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite (?),
} n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
religious sect, founded in W\'81rtemburg in the last century,
composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all
their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled
in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established,
Harmony.
Har*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See
Harmony. ] A musical instrument, resembling a
small organ and especially designed for church music, in which
the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as
to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made
with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.
Har`mo*ni*za"tion (?), n. The
act of harmonizing.
Har"mo*nize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Harmonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing
(?).] [Cf. F. harmoniser.
] 1. To agree in action, adaptation, or
effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the
parts of a mechanism harmonize.
2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals,
families, or public organizations.
3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a
concord; as, the tones harmonize
perfectly.
Har"mo*nize, v. t. 1. To adjust
in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of;
to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.
2. (Mus.) To accompany with harmony; to
provide with parts, as an air, or melody.
Har"mo*ni`zer (?), n. One who
harmonizes.
Har`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ harmony + meter: cf. F.
harmonometre.] An instrument for measuring
the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord
furnished with movable bridges.
Har"mo*ny (?), n.; pl.
Harmonies (#). [
F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr. / joint,
proportion, concord, fr. / a fitting or joining. See
Article. ] 1. The just adaptation of
parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or
in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an
agreement between the different parts of a design or composition
as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of
the universe.
2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions,
manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and
friendship; as, good citizens live in
harmony.
3. A literary work which brings together or
arranges systematically parallel passages of historians
respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or
consistency; as, a harmony of the
Gospels.
4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of
chords according to the rules of progression and
modulation. (b) The science which treats of
their construction and progression.
Ten thousand harps, that tuned
Angelic harmonies.
Milton.
5. (Anat.) See Harmonic
suture, under Harmonic.
Close harmony, Dispersed
harmony, etc. See under Close,
Dispersed, etc. -- Harmony of the
spheres. See Music of the spheres, under
Music.
Syn. -- Harmony, Melody.
Harmony results from the concord of two or more
strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality.
Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of
musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a
single verse or strain.
<-- p. 672 -->
Har"most (?), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to join, arrange, command: cf. F.
harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A governor or prefect appointed by the
Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.
Har"mo*tome (?), n. [Gr. / a
joint + / to cut: cf. F. harmotome.]
(Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta,
occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone.
lime harmotome,
and Phillipsite, contains lime in place of
baryta.
Dana.
Har"ness (?), n. [OE.
harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F.
harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf.
Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn
iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael.
iarunn. Gf. Iron.] 1.
Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military
sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.
At least we 'll die witch harness on our back.
Shak.
2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse,
for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.
3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with
their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the
warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the
shuttle.
To die in harness, to die with armor on;
hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or
duty.
Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Harnessed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Harnessing.] [OE.
harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF.
harneschier.] 1. To dress in
armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to
array.
Harnessed in rugged steel.
Rowe.
A gay dagger,
Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear.
Chaucer.
2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense.
Dr. H. More.
3. To make ready for draught; to equip with
harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively.
Harnessed to some regular profession.
J. C. Shairp.
Harnessed antelope. (Zo\'94l.) See
Guib. -- Harnessed moth
(Zo\'94l.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia
phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes
and bands of buff on a black ground.
Har"ness cask` (?). (Naut.) A
tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions
for daily use; -- called also harness
tub.
W. C. Russell.
Har"ness*er (?), n. One who
harnesses.
Harns (?), n. pl. [Akin to
Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.] The
brains. [Scot.]
Harp (?), n. [OE.
harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D.
harp, G.harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan.
harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.]
1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular
frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held
upright, and played with the fingers.
2. (Astron.) A constellation;
Lyra, or the Lyre.
3. A grain sieve. [Scot.]
\'92olian harp. See under
\'92olian.
Harp seal (Zo\'94l.), an arctic
seal (Phoca Gr\'d2nlandica). The adult males have a
light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each
side, and the face and throat black. Called also
saddler, and saddleback.
The immature ones are called bluesides. --
Harp shell (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several
species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.
Harp, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Harped (?) p. pr. & vb. n.
Harping.] [AS. hearpian. See
Harp, n.] 1. To play on
the harp.
I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their
harps.
Rev. xiv. 2.
2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or
monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something
repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or
upon. \'bdHarpings upon old
themes.\'b8
W. Irving.
Harping on what I am,
Not what he knew I was.
Shak.
To harp on one string, to dwell upon one
subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence.
[Collog.]
Harp, v. t. To play on, as a harp; to
play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by
skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.
Thou 'harped my fear aright.
Shak.
Har"pa (?), n. [L.,
harp.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine
univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of
the shells, and their ornamental ribs.
Har"pa*gon (?), n [L.
harpago, Gr. / hook, rake.] A grappling
iron. [Obs.]
Harp"er (?), n. [AS.
hearpere.] 1. A player on the
harp; a minstrel.
The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . .
Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on
their bosoms.
Longfellow.
2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, --
formerly current in Ireland.
B. Jonson.
Harp"ing (?), a. Pertaining to
the harp; as, harping symphonies.
Milton.
Harp"ing i`ron (?). [F.harper
to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.] A
harpoon.
Evelyn.
Harp"ings (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) The fore parts of the wales, which
encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the
stem. [Written also harpins.]
Totten.
Harp"ist, n. [Gf. F.
harpiste.] A player on the harp; a
harper.
W. Browne.
Har*poon" (?), n. [F.
harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin,
fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and
grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin
boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of
the harp); but cf. also Gr. / the kite, sickle, and E.
harpy. Cf. Harp.] A spear or
javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping
iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular
head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or
discharged from a gun.
Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of
bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other
end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. --
Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for
shooting the harpoon into a whale.
Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Harpooned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Harpooning.] To strike, catch,
or kill with a harpoon.
Har`poon*eer` (?), n. An
harpooner.
Grabb.
Har*poon`er (?), n. [Gf. F.
harponneur.] One who throws the
harpoon.
Harp`ress (?), n. A female
harper. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Harp"si*chon (?), n. A
harpsichord. [Obs.]
Harp"si*chord (?), n. [OF.
harpechorde, in which the harpe is of
German origin. See Harp, and Chord.]
(Mus.) A harp-shaped instrument of music set
horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire,
played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills,
instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now
superseded by the piano.
Har"py (?), n.; pl.
Harpies (#). [F.
harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. /, from the root
of / to snatch, to seize. Gf. Rapacious.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged
monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the
body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with
hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.
Both table and provisions vanished guite.
With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard.
Milton.
2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an
extortioner.
The harpies about all pocket the pool.
Goldsmith.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European
moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus
\'91ruginosus). (b) A large and
powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle
(Thrasa\'89tus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to
Brazil.
Harpy bat (Zo\'94l.) (a)
An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia
(esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular
nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat
(Harpiocephalus harpia).
Harpy fly (Zo\'94l.), the house
fly.
{ Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse }
(?), n. [See Arquebus.]
A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in
the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty
inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called
arquebus with matchlock.
Har"rage (?) v. t.. [See
Harry.] To harass; to plunder from.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Har"re (?), n. [OE., fr. AS.
heorr, hior.] A hinge.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Har"ri*dan (?), n. [F.
haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.] A
worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.
Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan,
substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see.
De Quincey.
Har"ri*er (?), n. [From
Hare, n.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting
hares. [Written also harier.]
Har"ri*er, n. [From
Harry.] 1. One who harries.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of
hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low
and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European
marsh harrier (Circus \'91runginosus), and the hen
harrier (C. cyaneus).
Harrier hawk(/), one of several species of
American hawks of the genus Micrastur.
Har"row (?), n. [OE.
harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf.
D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel.
herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw.
harf. ///.] 1. An
implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or
metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It
is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to
stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.
2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning
an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried.
Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of
bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to
finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill
harrow. See under 6th Drill. --
Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with
a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or
oppression.
Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p.
p. Harrowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Harrowing.] [OE.
harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve.
See Harrow, n.] 1. To
draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and
leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to
harrow land.
Will he harrow the valleys after thee?
Job xxxix. 10.
2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to
lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.
My aged muscles harrowed up with whips.
Rowe.
I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word
Would harrow up thy soul.
Shak.
Har"row, interj. [OF. harau,
haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera,
herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E.
here.] Help! Halloo! An exclamation of
distress; a call for succor;-the ancient Norman hue and
cry. \'bdHarrow and well away!\'b8
Spenser.
Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain.
Chaucer.
Har"row, v. t.. [See
Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to
oppress. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Meaning thereby to harrow his people.
Bacon
Har"row*er (?), n. One who
harrows.
Har"row*er, n. One who harries.
[Obs.]
Har"ry (?), v. t..
[imp. & p. p. Harried(
?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harrying.] [OF. harwen,
herien, her/ien, AS. hergisn
to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army;
akin to G. here army; akin to G. heer,
Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and
Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor, Herald,
Heriot.]
1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen
came several times and harried the land.
To harry this beautiful region.
W. Irving.
A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood
thrush.
J. Burroughs.
2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to
harass.
Shak.
Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease;
worry; annoy; harass.
Har"ry, v. i.. To make a predatory
incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Harsh (?), a.
[Compar. Harsher (?);
superl. Harshest.] [OE.
harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan.
harsk rancid, Sw. h\'84rsk; from the same
source as E. hard. See Hard,
a.] 1. Rough; disagreeable;
grating; esp.:(a) To the touch.\'bdHarsh sand.\'b8
Boyle. (b) To the taste. \'bdBerries
harsh and crude.\'b8 Milton. (c) To the
ear. \'bdHarsh din.\'b8 Milton.
2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities;
austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.
Clarence is so harsh, so blunt.
Shak.
Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed.
Dryden.
3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having
violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in
harmony.
Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner;
gratingly; roughly; rudely.
'T will sound harshly in her ears.
Shak.
Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of
being harsh.
O, she is
Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed,
And he's composed of harshness.
Shak.
'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense,
The sound must seem an echo to the sense.
Pope.
Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness.
See Acrimony.
Hars"let (?), n. See
Haslet.
Hart (?), n.
[OE.hart, hert, heort, AS.
heort, heorot; akin to D. hert,
OHG. hiruz, hirz, G.
hirsch, Icel. hj\'94rtr, Dan. & Sw.
hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr./
horned, / horn. ////. See Horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See
the Note under Buck.
Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind.
Milton.
Hart"beest` (?), n. [D.
hertebeest. See Hart, and
Beast.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South
African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much
more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with
black, the rump with white. [Written also
hartebeest, and hartebest.]
Hart"en (?), v. t. To hearten;
to encourage; to incite. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hart"ford (?), n. The Hartford
grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford,
Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored
berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.
Hart"s` clo`ver (?). (Bot.)
Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.
Hart's`-ear` (?), n.
(Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia
(C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.
Harts"horn` (?), n. 1.
The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.
2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile
salts.
Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an
annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); --
called also duck's-horn. Booth.
-- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the
horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the
bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly.
Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn
(Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia,
obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any
kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.--
Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a
solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly
obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation.
Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the
same name.
<-- p. 673 -->
Hart"-tongue` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) A common British fern
(Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America.
(b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium
Phyllitidis of Linn\'91us. It is also found in
Florida.
Hart"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium
maximum).
Seseli and
Bupleurum.
Har"um-scar"um (?), a. [Cf.
hare,v. t., and scare, v.
t.] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash;
thoughtless. [Colloq.]
They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a
harum-scarum lad.
Thackeray.
Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion (?), n. See
Haruspicy.
Tylor.
Ha*rus"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L.
haruspex.] A diviner of ancient Rome. Same
as Aruspice.
Ha*rus"pi*cy (?), n. The art or
practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.
Har"vest (?), n. [OE.
harvest, hervest, AS. h\'91rfest
autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG.
herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L.
carpere to pluck, Gr. / fruit. Cf.
Carpet.] 1. The gathering of a crop
of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of
gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.
Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease.
Gen viii. 22.
At harvest, when corn is ripe.
Tyndale.
2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or
gath//ed; a crop, as of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or
fruit.
Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe.
Joel iii. 13.
To glean the broken ears after the man
That the main harvest reaps.
Shak.
3. The product or result of any exertion or labor;
gain; reward.
The pope's principal harvest was in the
jubilee.
Fuller.
The harvest of a quiet eye.
Wordsworth.
Harvest fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine
fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus
alepidotus); -- called whiting in
Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest
fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect of the
genus Cicada, often called locust.
See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the
head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.]
Tusser. -- Harvest mite
(Zo\'94l.), a minute European mite (Leptus
autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is
troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals;
-- called also harvest louse, and
harvest bug. -- Harvest moon,
the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or
about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle
that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises
nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest
mouse (Zo\'94l.), a very small European
field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest
on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest
queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried
about on the last day of harvest. Milton. --
Harvest spider. (Zo\'94l.) See
Daddy longlegs.
Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Harvesting.] To reap or gather, as any
crop.
Har"vest*er (?), n. 1.
One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain;
a reaper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A harvesting ant.
Har"vest-home" (?), n. 1.
The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of
harvest.
Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home.
Shak.
2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at
the close of the harvest; the feast itself.
Dryden.
3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in
the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in
the United States.
4. The opportunity of gathering treasure.
Shak.
Har"vest-ing, a. & n., from
Harvest, v. t.
Harvesting ant (Zo\'94l.), any
species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many
species are known.
Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara;
that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is
Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica
molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See
Agricultural ant, under
Agricultural.
Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest;
lacking in crops; barren. \'bdHarvestless
autumns.\'b8
Tennyson.
Har"vest*man (?), n.; pl.
Harvestmen (/). /def>
1. A man engaged in harvesting.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy
longlegs, 1.
Har"vest*ry (?), n. The act of
harvesting; also, that which is harvested.
Swinburne.
Har"y (?), v. t. [Cf. OF.
harier to harass, or E. harry, v.
t.] To draw; to drag; to carry off by
vio/ence. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Has (?), 3d pers. sing. pres.
of Have.
Has"ard (?), n. Hazard.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hase (?), v. t. [Obs.]
See Haze, v. t.
Hash (?), n. [Formerly
hachey, hachee, F. hachis, /.
hacher to hash; of German origin; cf. G.
hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for
happia. Cf. Hatchet.] 1.
That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables,
especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small
pieces and mixed.
2. A new mixture of old matter; a second
preparation or exhibition.
I can not bear elections, and still less the hash
of them over again in a first session.
Walpole.
Hash, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hashing.] [From Hash,
n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.] To
/hop into small pieces; to mince and mix; as, to
hash meat.
Hudibras.
{ Hash"eesh, Hash"ish }
(?), n. [Ar.
hash\'c6sh.] A slightly acrid gum resin
produced by the common hemp (Cannabis saltiva), of the
variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate;
also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is
obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for
its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and
Ganja.
Hask (?), n. [See
Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags,
as for carrying fish. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Has"let (?), n. [F.
h\'83telettes broil, for hastelettes, fr.
F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also
OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible viscera,
as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog.
[Written also harslet.]
Hasp (?), n. [OE.
hasp, hesp, AS. h\'91pse; akin
to G. haspe, h\'84spe, Sw. & Dan.
haspe, Icel. hespa.]
1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently
fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a
staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic
hook for fastening a door.
2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk
on.
3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass
land; a scarifier.
Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hasping.] [AS.
h\'91psian.] To shut or fasten with a
hasp.
Has"sock (?), n. [Scot.
hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a
large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy
ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge,
rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.]
1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock.
Forby.
2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for
kneeling on in church, or for home use.
And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced.
Cowper.
Hast (?), 2d pers.
sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of
havest. [Archaic]
{ Has"tate (?), Has"ta*ted,
} a. [L. hastatus, fr.
hasta spear. Cf. Gad, n.]
Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the
basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate
leaf.
Haste (?), n. [OE.
hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., &
OFries. hast, cf. OF. haste, F.
h\'83te (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of
E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See
Hate.] 1. Celerity of motion; speed;
swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary
beings, as men and other animals.
The king's business required haste.
1 Sam. xxi. 8.
2. The state of being urged or pressed by business;
hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion;
precipitance; vehemence.
I said in my haste, All men are liars.
Ps. cxvi. 11.
To make haste, to hasten.
Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition;
dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation.
-- Haste, Hurry, Speed,
Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action
and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a
confusion and want of collected thought not implied in
haste; speed denotes the actual progress
which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity
with which things are done. A man may properly be in
haste, but never in a hurry.
Speed usually secures dispatch.
Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hasting.] [OE. hasten; akin
to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan.
haste, Sw. hasta, OF. haster, F.
h\'83ter. See Haste, n.]
To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic]
I 'll haste the writer.
Shak.
They were troubled and hasted away.
Ps. xlviii. 5.
Has"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hastened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening
(?).] To press; to drive or urge
forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement
of; to expedite; to hurry.
I would hasten my escape from the windy storm.
Ps. lv. 8.
Has"ten, v. i. To move celerity; to be
rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly.
I hastened to the spot whence the noise came.
D/ Foe.
Has"ten*er (?), n. 1.
One who hastens.
2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or
reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while
roasting before it.
Has"tif (?), a. [OF. See
Hastive.] Hasty. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- Has"tif*ly,
adv. [Obs.]
Has"tile (?), a. [L.
hasta a spear.] (Bot.) Same as
Hastate.
Gray.
Has"ti*ly (?), adv. [From
Hasty.] 1. In haste; with speed or
quickness; speedily; nimbly.
2. Without due reflection; precipitately;
rashly.
We hastily engaged in the war.
Swift.
3. Passionately; impatiently.
Shak.
Has"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of
being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of
temper.
Has"tings (?), n. pl. [From
Haste, v.] Early fruit or
vegetables; especially, early pease.
Mortimer.
Has"tings sands" (?). (Geol.)
The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from
its development around Hastings, in Sussex,
England.
Has"tive (?), a. [OF.
hastif. See Haste, n., and cf.
Hastif.] Forward; early; -- said of
fruits. [Obs.]
Has"ty (?), a.
[Compar. Hastier (?);
superl. Hastiest.] [Akin to
D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See
Haste, n.] 1. Involving
haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty
sketch.
2. Demanding haste or immediate action.
[R.] Chaucer. \'bdHasty
employment.\'b8
Shak.
3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry;
hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash;
easily excited; eager.
4. Made or reached without deliberation or due
caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference,
conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.
5. Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick
temper.
Take no unkindness of his hasty words.
Shak
6. Forward; early; first ripe.
[Obs.] \'bdAs the hasty fruit before the
summer.\'b8
Is. xxviii. 4.
Has"ty pud"ding (?). 1. A thick
batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water;
mush. [U. S.]
2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal,
stirred into boiling water or milk. [Eng.]
Hat (?), a. Hot.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hat, sing. pres. of Hote to be
called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] \'bdThat
one hat abstinence.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
Hat (?), n. [AS.
h\'91t, h\'91tt; akin to Dan.
hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a
hat, h\'94ttr hood, D. hoed hat, G.
hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L.
cassis helmet. ///. Cf.Hood.]
A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim,
made of various materials, and worn by men or women for
protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for
ornament.
Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or
dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take
up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often
received in a hat. [Collog.]
Lowell.
Hat"a*ble (?), a. [From
Hate.] Capable of being, or deserving to be,
hated; odious; detestable.
Hat"band` (?), n. A band round
the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape,
etc., worn as a badge of mourning.
Hat"box` (?), n. A box for a
hat.
Hatch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hatched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hatching.] [F. hacher to
chop, hack. See Hash.] 1. To cross
with lines in a peculiar manne/ in drawing and engraving. See
Hatching.
Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched.
Chapman.
Those hatching strokes of the pencil.
Dryden.
2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep.
[Obs.]
His weapon hatched in blood.
Beau. & Fl.
Hatch, v. t. [OE. hacchen,
hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan.
hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to
E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce
under a hatch. ///.] 1. To produce, as
young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat;
to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when
hatched.
Paley.
As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them
not.
Jer. xvii. 11.
For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in
a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them
and hatch them.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and
bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as,
to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy.
Hooker.
Fancies hatched
In silken-folded idleness.
Tennyson.
Hatch, v. i. To produce young; -- said
of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of
birds, fishes, insects, etc.
Hatch, n. 1. The act of
hatching.
2. Development; disclosure; discovery.
Shak.
3. The chickens produced at once or by one
incubation; a brood.
Hatch, n. [OE. hacche, AS.
h\'91c, cf. haca the bar of a door, D.
hek gate, Sw. h\'84ck coop, rack, Dan.
hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. hook,
and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf.
Heck, Hack a frame.] 1. A
door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with
spikes on the upper edge.
In at the window, or else o'er the hatch.
Shak.
2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching
fish.
3. A flood gate; a a sluice gate.
Ainsworth.
4. A bedstead. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a
warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway;
also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such
an opening.
6. (Mining) An opening into, or in
search of, a mine.
Booby hatch, Buttery hatch,
Companion hatch, etc. See under
Booby, Buttery, etc. -- To batten
down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins
over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under
hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be under
arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.
Hatch, v. t. To close with a hatch or
hatches.
'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched.
Shak
Hatch"-boat` (?), n.
(Naut.) A vessel whose deck consists almost
wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.
Hatch"el (?; 277), n. [OE.
hechele, hekele; akin to D.
hekel, G. hechel, Dan. hegle,
Sw. h\'84kla, and prob. to E. hook. See
Hook, and cf. Hackle, Heckle.]
An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for
cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a
kind of large comb; -- called also hackle and
heckle.
Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Hatcheling or
Hatchelling.] [OE. hechelen,
hekelen; akin to D. hekelen, G.
hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw.
h\'84kla. See Hatchel, n.]
1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax
or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the
fine, fibrous parts.
2. To tease; to worry; to torment.
[Colloq.]
Hatch"el*er (?), n. One who
uses a hatchel.
Hatch"er (?), n. 1.
One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching
apparatus; an incubator.
2. One who contrives or originates; a
plotter.
A great hatcher and breeder of business.
Swift.
Hatch"er*y (?), n. A house for
hatching fish, etc.
Hatch"et (?), n. [F.
hachette, dim. of hache /. See 1st
Hatch, Hash.] 1. A small ax
with a short handle, to be used with one hand.
2. Specifically, a tomahawk.
Buried was the bloody hatchet.
Longfellow.
<-- p. 674 -->
Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the
edge of a hatchet; hence: Hatchet-faced,
sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the
hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled. --
To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war.
The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the
American Indians.
<-- Hatchet man 1. A person hired to murder or
physically attack another; a hit man. 2. A person who
deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often
unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication,
often with political motive, and sometimes for pay. -->
{ Hatch"et*tine (?),
Hatch"et*tite (?), } n.
[Named after the discoverer, Charles
Hatchett.] (Min.) Mineral t/
low; a waxy or spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish
yellow color.
Hatch"ing, n. [See 1st
Hatch.] A mode of execution in engraving,
drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by
lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called
also crosshatching.
Hatch"ment (?), n. [Corrupt.
fr. achievement.]
1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which
the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, --
usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or
square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means
of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his
or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also
achievement.
His obscure funeral;
No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones.
Shak.
2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms;
in general, a mark of dignity.
Let there be deducted, out of our main potation,
Five marks in hatchments to adorn this thigh.
Beau. & Fl.
Hatch"ure (?; 135), n. Same as
Hachure.
Hatch"way` (?), n. A square or
oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one
deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.
Hate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. &
pr. & vb. n. Hating.] [OE.
haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS.
hatan, hat/n to be hostile to, D.
haten to hate, OHG. hazz/n,
hazz/n, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw.
hata, Dan. hade, Goth. hatan,
hatian. ///. Cf. Hate,
n., Heinous.]
1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong
desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling
is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to
hate one's enemies; to hate
hypocrisy.
Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer.
1 John iii. 15.
2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive,
or a substantive clause with that; as, to
hate to get into debt; to hate that anything
should be wasted.
I hate that he should linger here.
Tennyson.
3. (Script.) To love less,
relatively.
Luke xiv. 26.
Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest,
Abominate, Loathe.
Hate is the generic word, and implies that one is
inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor what is deeply
repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest
what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments
that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we
abominate does equal violence to our moral and
religious sentiments. What we loathe is offensive to
our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said
to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his
language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the
Laodiceans; he detested the hypocrisy of the scribes
and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of the
tempter in the wilderness.
Hate, n. [OE. hate,
hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat,
G. hass, Icel. hatr, SW. hat,
Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate,
v.] Strong aversion coupled with desire
that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is
directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred;
detestation; -- opposed to love.
For in a wink the false love turns to hate.
Tennyson.
Hate"ful (?), a. 1.
Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.
[Archaic or R.]
And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes
His rival's conquest.
Dryden.
2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion,
or disgust; odious.
Unhappy, wretched, hateful day!
Shak.
Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable;
loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent.
-- Hate"ful*ly, adv. --
Hate"ful*ness, n.
Hat"el (?), a. Hateful;
detestable. [Obs.]
Hat"er (?), n. One who
hates.
An enemy to God, and a hater of all good.
Sir T. Browne.
Hath (?), 3d pers. sing. pres.
of Have, contracted from haveth.
Has. [Archaic.]
Hat"less (?), a. Having no
hat.
Hat"rack` (?), n. A hatstand;
hattree.
Ha"tred (?), n. [OE.
hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and
cf. Kindred.] Strong aversion; intense
dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something
regarded as evil.
Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity;
malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing;
abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium.
Hat"stand` (?), n. A stand of
wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats,
etc.
Hat`te (?), pres. & imp. sing. &
pl. of Hote, to be called. See
Hote. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte.
Piers Plowman.
Hat"ted (?), a. Covered with a
hat.
Hat"ter (?), v. t. [Prov. E.,
to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern,
verheddern, verhiddern.] To tire
or worry; -- out. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Hat"ter, n. One who makes or sells
hats.
\'d8Hat*te"ri*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand lizard,
which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other
existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the
order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are
known; -- called also Sphenodon, and
Tuatera.
Hat"ting (?), n. The business
of making hats; also, stuff for hats.
\'d8Hat"ti-sher`if (?), n.
[Turk., fr. Ar. knatt a writing +
sher\'c6f noble.] A irrevocable Turkish
decree countersigned by the sultan.
Hat"tree` (?), n. A
hatstand.
Hau*ber"ge*on (?), n. See
Habergeon.
Hau"berk (?), n. [OF.
hauberc, halberc, F.haubert,
OHG. halsberc; hals neck +
bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS.
healsbeorg, Icel. h\'belsbj\'94rg. See
Collar, and Bury, v. t.]
A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the
European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is
shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used
synonymously with habergeon. See
Habergeon. [Written variously
hauberg, hauberque, hawberk,
etc.]
Chaucer.
Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail.
Gray.
Hau"er*ite (?), n. [Named after
Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.)
Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish
black mineral.
Haugh (?), n. [See Haw
a hedge.] A low-lying meadow by the side of a
river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal
borough.
Sir W. Scott.
Haught (?), a. [See
Haughty.] High; elevated; hence, haughty;
proud. [Obs.]
Shak.
Haugh"ti*ly (?), adv. [From
Haughty.] In a haughty manner;
arrogantly.
Haugh"ti*ness, n. [For
hauteinness. See Haughty.] The
quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance.
Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness;
superciliousness; loftiness. --
Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain.
Haughtiness denotes the expression of conscious and
proud superiority; arrogance is a disposition to claim
for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the
utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of condescension
toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel
how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is
haughty in disposition and demeanor;
arrogant in his claims of homage and deference;
disdainful even in accepting the deference which his
haughtiness leads him arrogantly to
exact.
Haugh"ty, a. [Compar.
Haughtier (?); superl.
Haughtiest.] [OE. hautein,
F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also
halt, fr. L. altus. See
Altitude.]
1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or
Archaic]
To measure the most haughty mountain's height.
Spenser.
Equal unto this haughty enterprise.
Spenser
2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant;
overbearing.
A woman of a haughty and imperious nature.
Clarendon.
3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a
haughty carriage.
Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced,
Came towering.
Milton.
Haul (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hauled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.]
[OE. halen, halien, F. /aler, of
German or Scand. origin; akin to AS. geholian to
acquire, get, D. halen to fetch, pull, draw, OHG.
hol/n, hal/n, G. holen, Dan.
hale to haul, Sw. hala, and to L.
calare to call, summon, Gr. / to call. Cf.
Hale, v. t., Claim. Class,
Council, Ecclesiastic.] 1.
To pull or draw with force; to drag.
Some dance, some haul the rope.
Denham.
Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to
land.
Pope.
Romp-loving miss
Is hauled about in gallantry robust.
Thomson.
2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen;
as, to haul logs to a sawmill.
When I was seven or eight years of age, I began
hauling all the wood used in the house and shops.
U. S. Grant.
To haul over the coals. See under
Coal. -- To haul the wind
(Naut.), to turn the head of the ship nearer to
the point from which the wind blows.
Haul, v. i. 1. (Naut.)
To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See
under Haul, v. t.
I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an
island.
Cook.
2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when
yoked.
To haul around (Naut.), to shift to
any point of the compass; -- said of the wind. -- To
haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the
wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to
withdraw; to draw back.<-- haul off (b), to get ready
(usu. for violent action) -- used with "and" -- "hauled off and
punched him on the nose" -->
Haul, n. 1. A pulling with
force; a violent pull.
2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a
hundred fish at a haul.
3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once,
as by hauling a net.
4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through
which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a
long haul or short haul.
5. (Rope Making) A bundle of about four
hundred threads, to be tarred.
Haul"age (?), n. Act of
hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine;
charge for hauling.
Haul"er (?), n. One who
hauls.
Haulm (/), n. [OE.
halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., &
Sw. halm, Icel. h\'belmr, L.
calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. /. Cf.
Excel, Culminate, Culm,
Shawm, Calamus.] The denuded stems
or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains,
beans, etc.; straw.
Haulm, n. A part of a harness; a
hame.
Hauls (?), n. [Obs.]
See Hals.
Haulse (?), v. [Obs.]
See Halse.
Hault (?), a. [OF.
hault, F. haut. See
Haughty.] Lofty; haughty.
[Obs.]
Through support of countenance proud and hault.
Spenser.
Haum (?), n. See
Haulm, stalk.
Smart.
Haunce (?), v. t. To
enhance. [Obs.]
Lydgate.
Haunch (?; 277), n. [F.
hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke,
hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin
to E. ankle.] 1. The hip; the
projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip
joint; the hind part.
2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together;
as, a haunch of venison.
Haunch bone. See Innominate bone,
under Innominate. -- Haunches of an arch
(Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown of an
arch. (See Crown, n., 11.) Each
haunch may be considered as from one half to two thirds
of the half arch.
Haunched (?), a. Having
haunches.
Haunt (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Haunting.] [F.
hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL.
ambitare to go about, fr. L. ambire (see
Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta to demand,
regain, akin to heim home (see Home).
1. To frequent; to resort to
frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude
upon.
You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my
house.
Shak.
Those cares that haunt the court and town.
Swift.
2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as
a ghost or apparition.
Foul spirits haunt my resting place.
Fairfax.
3. To practice; to devote one's self to.
[Obs.]
That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud .
. . is cursed.
Chaucer.
Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good
pastime.
Ascham.
4. To accustom; to habituate.
[Obs.]
Haunt thyself to pity.
Wyclif.
Haunt, v. i. To persist in staying or
visiting.
I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors.
Shak.
Haunt, n. 1. A place to which
one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the
haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild
beasts.
haunt.
Often used figuratively.
The household nook,
The haunt of all affections pure.
Keble.
The feeble soul, a haunt of fears.
Tennyson.
2. The habit of resorting to a place.
[Obs.]
The haunt you have got about the courts.
Arbuthnot.
3. Practice; skill. [Obs.]
Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt.
Chaucer.
Haunt"ed, a. Inhabited by, or subject to
the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
All houses wherein men have lived and died
Are haunted houses.
Longfellow.
Haunt"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, haunts.
Hau"ri*ent (?), a. [L.
hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to
breathe.] (Her.) In pale, with the head in
chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for
air.
Hau"sen (?), n. [G.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large sturgeon (Acipenser
huso) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes
twelve feet long.<-- syn = Huso huso, and also called
Beluga. Provides the highest quality caviar -->
Hausse (?), n. [F.]
(Gun.) A kind of graduated breech sight for a
small arm, or a cannon.
\'d8Haus`tel*la"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L. haurire,
haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See
Exhaust.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial
division of insects, including all those with a sucking
proboscis.
Haus"tel*late (?), a. [See
Haustellata.] (Zo\'94l.) Provided
with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis. --
n. One of the Haustellata.
\'d8Haus*tel"lum (?), n.; pl.
Haustella (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) The sucking proboscis of various
insects. See Lepidoptera, and Diptera.
\'d8Haus*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
Haustoria (#). [LL., a well, fr.
L. haurire, haustum, to drink.]
(Bot.) One of the suckerlike rootlets of such
plants as the dodder and ivy.
R. Brown.
Haut (?), a. [F. See
Haughty.] Haughty. [Obs.]
\'bdNations proud and haut.\'b8
Milton.
Haut"boy (?), n. [F.
hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high +
bois wood. So called on account of its high tone. See
Haughty, Bush; and cf. Oboe.]
1. (Mus.) A wind instrument, sounded
through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a
thinner tone. Now more commonly called oboe.
See Illust. of Oboe.
2. (Bot.) A sort of strawberry
(Fragaria elatior).
Haut"boy*ist (-, n.
[Cf. F. hautbo\'8bste.] A player on
the hautboy.
Hau"tein (?), a. [See
Haughty.] 1. Haughty; proud.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of
birds. [Obs.]
\'d8Hau`teur" (?), n. [F., fr.
haut high. See Haughty.] Haughty
manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.
\'d8Haut`go\'96t" (?), n.
[F.] High relish or flavor; high seasoning.
\'d8Haut`pas" (?), n. [F.
haut high + pas step.] A raised
part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table
or throne. See Dais.
<-- p. 675 -->
Ha"\'81y*nite (?), n. [From the
French mineralogist Ha\'81y.] (Min.)
A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani/
rocks. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with sulphate
of lime.
Ha*van"a (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as,
an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes
written Havannah. -- n.
An Havana cigar.
Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs,
and . . . smoked them in the stable.
Thackeray.
Hav`an*ese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Havana, in Cuba. -- n. sing. &
pl. A native or inhabitant, or the people, of
Havana.
Have (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Had (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic.
present, I have, thou hast, he
has; we, ye, they have.] [OE.
haven, habben, AS. habben
(imperf. h\'91fde, p. p. geh\'91fd); akin
to OS. hebbian, D. hebben, OFries,
hebba, OHG. hab/n, G. haben,
Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva, Dan.
have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L.
habere, whence F. avoir. Cf. Able,
Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.]
1. To hold in possession or control; to own;
as, he has a farm.
2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is
connected with, or affects, one.
The earth hath bubbles, as the water
has.
Shak.
He had a fever late.
Keats.
3. To accept possession of; to take or
accept.
Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou
have me?
Shak.
4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get.
Shak.
5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact;
to desire; to require.
It had the church accurately described to me.
Sir W. Scott.
Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also?
Ld. Lytton.
6. To bear, as young; as, she has just
had a child.
7. To hold, regard, or esteem.
Of them shall I be had in honor.
2 Sam. vi. 22.
8. To cause or force to go; to take. \'bdThe stars
have us to bed.\'b8 Herbert.
\'bdHave out all men from me.\'b8 2 Sam.
xiii. 9.
9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed
promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the
pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at
one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing;
to attack; to have with a companion.
Shak.
10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be
compelled; followed by an infinitive.
Science has, and will long have, to be a
divider and a separatist.
M. Arnold.
The laws of philology have to be established by
external comparison and induction.
Earle.
11. To understand.
You have me, have you not?
Shak.
12. To put in an awkward position; to have the
advantage of; as, that is where he had
him. [Slang]
Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with
the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I
have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally
it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and
denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by
the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or
hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this
independent significance, and is used with the participles both
of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing
past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for
would have or should have.
Myself for such a face had boldly died.
Tennyson.
To have a care, to take care; to be on one's
guard. -- To have (a man)
out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To
have done (with). See under Do, v. i.
-- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an
affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to
wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do,
v. t.
Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.
Have"less, a. Having little or
nothing. [Obs.]
Gower.
Hav"e*lock (?), n. [From
Havelock, an English general distinguished in India in
the rebellion of 1857.] A light cloth covering for the
head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from
sunstroke.
Ha"ven (?), n. [AS.
h\'91fene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G.
hafen, MNG. habe, Dan. havn,
Icel. h\'94fn, Sw. hamn; akin to
E. have, and hence orig., a holder; or to
heave (see Heave); or akin to AS.
h\'91f sea, Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan.
hav, which is perh. akin to E.
heave.] 1. A bay, recess, or inlet
of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and
shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.
What shipping and what lading's in our haven.
Shak.
Their haven under the hill.
Tennyson.
2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum.
Shak.
The haven, or the rock of love.
Waller.
Ha"ven, v. t. To shelter, as in a
haven.
Keats.
Ha"ven*age (?), n. Harbor dues;
port dues.
Ha"vened (?), p. a. Sheltered
in a haven.
Blissful havened both from joy and pain.
Keats.
Ha"ven*er (?), n. A harbor
master. [Obs.]
Ha"ver (?), n. A possessor; a
holder.
Shak.
Hav"er, n. [D. haver; akin to
G. haber.] The oat; oats.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver
cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. --
Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver
meal, oatmeal.
Ha"ver (?), v. i. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To maunder; to talk foolishly; to
chatter. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Hav"er*sack (?), n. [F.
havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See
2d Haver, and Sack a bag.]
1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which
a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished
from knapsack.
3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges
from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.
Ha*ver"sian (?), a. Pertaining
to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English
physician of the seventeenth century.
Haversian canals (Anat.), the small
canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.
\'d8Hav`il*dar" (?), n. In the
British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native
soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant.
Havildar major, a native sergeant major in the
East Indian army.
Hav"ing (?), n. Possession;
goods; estate.
I 'll lend you something; my having is not
much.
Shak.
Hav"ior (?), n. [OE.
havour, a corruption of OF. aveir,
avoir, a having, of same origin as E. aver
a work horse. The h is due to confusion with E.
have.] Behavior; demeanor.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hav"oc (?), n. [W.
hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E.
havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS.
hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F.
hai, voux! a cry to hounds.]
Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.
As for Saul, he made havoc of the church.
Acts viii. 3.
Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make
Among your works!
Addison.
Hav"oc, v. t. To devastate; to destroy;
to lay waste.
To waste and havoc yonder world.
Milton.
Hav"oc, interj. [See Havoc,
n.] A cry in war as the signal for
indiscriminate slaughter.
Toone.
Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt
With modest warrant.
Shak.
Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war!
Shak.
Haw (?), n. [OE.
hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag
headge, G. hag, hecke, Icel.
hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan.
have garden. ///. Cf. Haggard,
Ha-ha, Haugh, Hedge.]
1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.
And eke there was a polecat in his haw.
Chaucer.
2. The fruit of the hawthorn.
Bacon.
Haw, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Anat.) The third eyelid, or nictitating
membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under
Nictitate.
Haw, n. [Cf. ha an
interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] An
intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like
haw! also, the sound so made. \'bdHums or
haws.\'b8
Congreve.
Haw, v. i. To stop, in speaking, with a
sound like haw; to speak with interruption and
hesitation.
Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw.
Chesterfield.
Haw, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hawing.] [Written also
hoi.] [Perhaps connected with
here, hither; cf., however, F.
huhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse
to the right, G. hott, h\'81, interj. used
in calling to a horse.] To turn to the near side, or
toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by
teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the
imperative. See Gee.
To haw and gee, To haw and gee
about, to go from one thing to another without
good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or
unstable. [Colloq.]
Haw, v. t. To cause to turn, as a team,
to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to haw a
team of oxen.
To haw and gee, To haw and gee
about, to lead this way and that at will; to
lead by the nose; to master or control.
[Colloq.]
Ha*wai"ian (?), a. Belonging to
Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii.
-- n. A native of Hawaii.
Hawe"bake` (?), n. Probably,
the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See
1st Haw, 2. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Haw"finch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common European grosbeak
(Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also
cherry finch, and
coble.
Haw-haw" (?), n. [Duplication
of haw a hedge.] See Ha-ha.
Haw*haw", v. i. [Of imitative
origin.] To laugh boisterously. [Colloq.
U. S.]
We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an
hour.
Major Jack Downing.
Hawk (?), n. [OE.
hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS.
hafoc, heafoc; akin to D. havik,
OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel.
haukr, Sw. h\'94k, Dan. h\'94g,
prob. from the root of E. heave.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species and genera of
rapacious birds of the family Falconid\'91. They
differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and
notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings.
Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the
goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general
sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true
falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk,
duck hawk, and prairie hawk.
Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B.
lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus);
the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the
sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See
Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk,
under Marsh, Night hawk, under
Night.
Bee hawk (Zo\'94l.), the honey
buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under
Eagle. -- Hawk eagle
(Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic bird of the genus
Spiz\'91tus, or Limn\'91tus, intermediate
between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. --
Hawk fly (Zo\'94l.), a voracious fly of
the family Asilid\'91. See Hornet fly,
under Hornet. -- Hawk moth.
(Zo\'94l.) See Hawk moth, in the
Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of
Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects
resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India
(Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill
(Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking
mechanism of a clock.
Hawk (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hawked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.]
1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of
hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to
practice falconry.
A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks.
Prior.
2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and
strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to
hawk at flies.
Dryden.
A falcon, towering in her pride of place,
Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed.
Shak.
Hawk, v. i. [W. hochi.]
To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an
expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the
depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in
the removal of foreign substances.
Hawk, v. t. To raise by hawking, as
phlegm.
Hawk, n. [W. hoch.]
An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied
with noise.
Hawk, v. t. [Akin to D.
hauker a hawker, G. h\'94ken,
h\'94cken, to higgle, to retail, h\'94ke,
h\'94ker, a higgler, huckster. See
Huckster.] To offer for sale by outcry in the
street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for
sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or
pamphlets.
His works were hawked in every street.
Swift.
Hawk, n. (Masonry) A small
board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar.
Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to
supply him with mortar.
Hawk"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A sea turtle (Eretmochelys
imbricata), which yields the best quality of tortoise
shell; -- called also caret.
Hawk"bit` (?), n. (Bot.)
The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale).
Hawked (?), a. Curved like a
hawk's bill; crooked.
Hawk"er (?), n. One who sells
wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a
packman.
Hawk"er, v. i. To sell goods by outcry
in the street. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
Hawk"er, n. [Cf. AS.
hafecere. See 1st Hawk.] A
falconer.
Hawk"ey (?), n. See
Hockey.
Holloway.
Hawk"-eyed` (?), a. Having a
keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.
Hawk" moth` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.)
Any moth of the family Sphingid\'91, of which
there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome
moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like
a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender
proboscis. The larv\'91 are large, hairless caterpillars
ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a
caudal spine. See Sphinx, also Tobacco worm,
and Tomato worm.
Tobacco Hawk Moth (Macrosila Carolina), and
its Larva, the Tobacco Worm.
Ceratomia
Amyntor.
Hawk"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; --
so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its
juice to strengthen their vision. (b) A plant
of the genus Senecio (S.
hieracifolius).
Loudon.
Hawm (?), n. See
Haulm, straw.
Hawm, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.]
Tennyson.
Hawse (?; 277), n. [Orig. a
hawse hole, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel.
hals, h\'bels, neck, part of the bows of a
ship, AS. heals neck. See Collar, and cf.
Halse to embrace.] 1. A hawse
hole.
Harris.
2. (Naut.) (a) The situation of
the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the
starboard, the other on the port bow. (b) The
distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the
ship has a clear or open hawse, or a foul
hawse; to anchor in our hawse, or athwart
hawse. (c) That part of a
vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables.
Athwart hawse. See under
Athwart. -- Foul hawse, a hawse in
which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together.
-- Hawse block, a block used to stop up a hawse
hole at sea; -- called also hawse plug.
-- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship,
through which a cable passes. -- Hawse piece,
one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the
hawse hole is cut. -- Hawse plug. Same as
Hawse block (above). -- To come in at the
hawse holes, to enter the naval service at the lowest
grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the
hawse, to veer out a little more cable and bring the
chafe and strain on another part.
<-- p. 676 -->
Haws"er (?), n. [From F.
hausser to /ft, raise (cf. OF.
hausser\'82e towpath, towing, F.
haussi\'8are hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L.
altus high. See Haughty.] A large
rope made of three strands each containing many yarns.
Hawser iron, a calking iron.
Haws"er-laid` (?), a. Made in
the manner of a hawser. Cf. Cable-laid, and see
Illust. of Cordage.
Haw"thorn` (?), n. [AS.
hagaborn, h\'91g/orn. See Haw a
hedge, and Thorn.] (Bot.) A thorny
shrub or tree (the Crat\'91gus oxyacantha), having
deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers,
and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for
hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is
Crat\'91gus cordata, which has the leaves but little
lobed.
Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade
To shepherds?
Shak.
Hay (?), n. [AS.
hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See
Haw a hedge, Hedge.] 1. A
hedge. [Obs.]
2. A net set around the haunt of an animal,
especially of a rabbit.
Rowe.
To dance the hay, to dance in a
ring.
Shak.
Hay, v. i. To lay snares for
rabbits.
Huloet.
Hay, n. [OE. hei, AS.
h/g; akin to D. kooi, OHG.
hewi, houwi, G. heu, Dan. & Sw.
h\'94, Icel. hey, ha, Goth.
hawi grass, fr. the root of E. hew. See
Hew to cut. ] Grass cut and cured for
fodder.
Make hay while the sun shines.
Camden.
Hay may be dried too much as well as too
little.
C. L. Flint.
Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock.
-- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh
accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of
dyspn\'d2a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and
summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay,
and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called
hay asthma, hay cold, and
rose fever. -- Hay knife,
a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or
mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose
hay. -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted
by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc. -- Hay
tedder, a machine for spreading and turning newmown
hay. See Tedder.
Hay, v. i. To cut and cure grass for
hay.
Hay"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The European spotted
flycatcher. (b) The European blackcap.
Hay"bote` (?), n. [See
Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf.
Hedgebote.] (Eng. Law.) An
allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences;
hedgebote. See Bote.
Blackstone.
Hay"cock` (?), n. A conical
pile or hear of hay in the field.
The tanned haycock in the mead.
Milton.
Hay"-cut`ter (?), n. A machine
in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.
Hay"field` (?), n. A field
where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow.
Cowper.
Hay"fork` (?), n. A fork for
pitching and tedding hay.
Horse hayfork, a contrivance for unloading hay
from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by
horse power.
Hay"loft` (?; 115), n. A loft
or scaffold for hay.
Hay"mak`er (?), n. 1.
One who cuts and cures hay.
2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.
Hay"mak`ing, n. The operation or work of
cutting grass and curing it for hay.
Hay"mow` (?), n. 1. A
mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.
2. The place in a barn where hay is
deposited.
Hay"rack` (?), n. A frame
mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay,
straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay
rigging.
Hay"rake` (?), n. A rake for
collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or
horses.
Hay"rick (?), n. A heap or pile
of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open
air.
Hay"stack` (?), n. A stack or
conical pile of hay in the open air.
Hay"stalk` (?), n. A stalk of
hay.
Hay"thorn` (?), n.
Hawthorn.
R. Scot.
Hay"ti*an (?), a. Of pertaining
to Hayti. -- n. A native of
Hayti. [Written also
Haitian.]
Hay"ward (?), n.
[Hay a hedge + ward.] An
officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from
breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to
impound animals found running at large.
Haz"ard (?), n. [F.
hazard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or
accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar.
zahr, z\'ber, a die, which, with the
article al the, would give azzahr,
azz\'ber.] 1. A game of chance
played with dice.
Chaucer.
2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a
fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty.
I will stand the hazard of the die.
Shak.
3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the
enemy at the hazard of his reputation and
life.
Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a
condition of the utmost hazard.
Rogers
4. (Billiards/) Holing a ball, whether
the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball
(losing hazard).
5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the
stakes in gaming. \'bdYour latter hazard.\'b8
Shak.
Hazard table, a a table on which hazard is
played, or any game of chance for stakes. -- To ru/
the hazard, to take the chance or risk.
Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger.
Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. /
Hazarding.] [Cf. F.
hazarder. See Hazard, n.]
1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in
danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk.
Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical
obedience.
John Clarke.
He hazards his neck to the halter.
Fuller.
2. To venture to incur, or bring on.
I hazarded the loss of whom I loved.
Shak.
They hazard to cut their feet.
Landor.
Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.
Haz"ard (?), v. i. To try the
chance; to encounter risk or danger.
Shak.
Haz"ard*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Such as can be hazarded or risked.
Haz"ard*er (?), n. 1.
A player at the game of hazard; a gamester.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. One who hazards or ventures.
Haz"ard*ize (?), n. A hazardous
attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.]
Herself had run into that hazardize.
Spenser.
Haz"ard*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
hasardeux.] Exposed to hazard; dangerous;
risky.
To enterprise so hazardous and high!
Milton.
Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous;
venturesome; precarious; uncertain.
-- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv. --
Haz"ard*ous*ness, n.
Haz"ard*ry (?), n. 1.
Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.]
Chaucer.
2. Rashness; temerity. [R.]
Spenser.
Haze (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
h\'94ss gray; akin to AS. hasu,
heasu, gray; or Armor. a\'82zen,
\'82zen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.]
Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes
vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the
air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.
O'er the sky
The silvery haze of summer drawn.
Tennyson.
Above the world's uncertain haze.
Keble.
Haze, v. i. To be hazy, or tick with
haze.
Ray.
Haze, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hazing.] [Also
haze.] [Cf. Sw. haza to
hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. h\'91ssen
ham.] 1. To harass by exacting unnecessary,
disagreeable, or difficult work.
2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or
shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used
esp. of college students; as, the sophomores hazed a
freshman.
Ha"zel (?), n. [OE.
hasel, AS. h\'91sel; akin to D.
hazelaar, G. hazel, OHG. hasal,
hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw.
hassel, L. corylus, for
cosylus.] 1. (Bot.) A
shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the
C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a
mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are
C. Americana, which produces the common hazelnut, and
C. rostrata. See Filbert.
Gray.
2. A miner's name for freestone.
Raymond.
Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a
fertile loam. -- Hazel grouse
(Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Bonasa
betulina), allied to the American ruffed grouse. --
Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe. -- Witch
hazel. See Witch-hazel, and
Hamamelis.
Ha"zel, a. 1. Consisting of
hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived
from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand.
I sit me down beside the hazel grove.
Keble.
2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut.
\'bdThou hast hazel eyes.\'b8
Shak.
Haze"less (?), a. Destitute of
haze.
Tyndall.
Ha"zel*ly (?), a. Of the color
of the hazelnut; of a light brown.
Mortimer.
Ha"zel*nut` (?), n. [AS.
h\'91selhnutu.] The nut of the hazel.
Shak.
Ha"zel*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) The asarabacca.
Ha"zi*ly (?), adv. In a hazy
manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.
Ha"zi*ness, n. The quality or state of
being hazy.
Ha"zle (?), v. t. To make dry;
to dry. [Obs.]
Ha"zy (?), a. [From
Haze, n.] 1. Thick with
haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or
transparent. \'bdA tender, hazy brightness.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a
hazy argument; a hazy intellect.
Mrs. Gore.
He (?), pron.
[nom. He; poss.
His (?); obj. Him
(?); pl. nom. They (?);
poss. Their or Theirs
(/); obj. Them
(?).] [AS. h/, masc.,
he\'a2, fem., hit, neut.; pl.
h\'c6, or hie, hig; akin to
Ofries. hi, D. hij, OS. he,
hi, G. heute to-day, Goth.
himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus.
masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L.
his this. It.]
1. The man or male being (or object personified to
which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a
pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified
subject already indicated.
Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall
rule over thee.
Gen. iii. 16.
Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou
serve.
Deut. x. 20.
2. Any one; the man or person; -- used
indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.
He that walketh with wise men shall be wise.
Prov. xiii. 20.
3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense
used substantively.
Chaucer.
I stand to answer thee,
Or any he, the proudest of thy sort.
Shak.
he is of common gender. In early English,
he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in
the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In
composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a
he-goat.
-head (?), suffix. A variant of
-hood.
Head (?), n. [OE.
hed, heved, heaved, AS.
he\'a0fod; akin to D. hoofd, OHG.
houbit, G. haupt, Icel.
h\'94fu/, Sw. hufvud, Dan.
hoved, Goth. haubip. The word does not
corresponds regularly to L. caput head (cf. E.
Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin
is unknown.] 1. The anterior or superior part
of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the
nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief
sensory organs; poll; cephalon.
2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part
of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to
resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker,
or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or
thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the
head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail,
a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a
hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam
boiler.
3. The place where the head should go; as, the
head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the
head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the
head.
4. The most prominent or important member of any
organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head
of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the
like. \'bdTheir princes and heads.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
The heads of the chief sects of philosophy.
Tillotson.
Your head I him appoint.
Milton.
5. The place or honor, or of command; the most
important or foremost position; the front; as, the
head of the table; the head of a column of
soldiers.
An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke
Marlborough at the head of them.
Addison.
6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often
used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of
cattle.
It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres
for every head.
Graunt.
7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the
understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good
head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his
head, it did not occur to him; of his own head,
of his own thought or will.
Men who had lost both head and heart.
Macaulay.
8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as
of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile;
hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface,
as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it
issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from
motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill
or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet
head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote
from the outlet or the sea.
9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay
Head.
Shak.
10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a
theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads
of a sermon.
11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength;
force; height.
Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into
corruption.
Shak.
The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last
grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end
of me or of itself.
Addison.
12. Power; armed force.
My lord, my lord, the French have gathered
head.
Shak.
13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a
laced head; a head of hair.
Swift.
14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other
small cereals.
15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster
of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum.
(b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a
cabbage or a lettuce plant.
16. The antlers of a deer.
17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of
beer or other effervescing liquor.
Mortimer.
18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a
house.
Knight.
Head is often used adjectively or in
self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or
headgear, head rest. Cf. Head,
a.
A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer
in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers.
Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.)
See under By. -- Elevator
head, Feed head, etc. See under
Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to
foot, through the whole length of a man; completely;
throughout. \'bdArm me, audacity, from head to
foot.\'b8 Shak. -- Head and ears,
with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was
head and ears in debt or in trouble.
[Colloq.] -- Head fast.
(Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head
kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the
three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most
vertebrates/ the pronephors. -- Head money,
a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. --
Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.]
-- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel
or rolls against her course. -- Head and
shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to
drag one, head and shoulders. \'bdThey bring in every
figure of speech, head and shoulders.\'b8
Felton. (b) By the height of the head and
shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as,
he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head
or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; --
a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or
stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the
effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face
on either side, that side which has the date on it), and
tail the other side. -- Neither head nor
tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor
that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking
of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither
head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] --
Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction
opposite the vessel's course. -- Out one's own
head, according to one's own idea; without advice or
co\'94peration of another. Over the head of,
beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold.<-- go
over one's head = appeal to one's superior in line of command -->
-- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily
insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See
under Come, Draw. -- To give
(one) the head, To give head,
to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to
give license. \'bdHe gave his able horse the
head.\'b8 Shak. \'bdHe has so long given
his unruly passions their head.\'b8
South. -- To his head, before his
face. \'bdAn uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an
obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an
enemy should storm his house or revile him to his
head.\'b8 Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads
together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose
one's head, to lose presence of mind. --
To make head, To make head
against, to resist with success; to
advance. -- To show one's head, to appear.
Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the
face or front. \'bdThe ravishers turn head, the fight
renews.\'b8 Dryden.
<-- p. 677 -->
Head (?), a. Principal; chief;
leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the
head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a
head cook.
Head (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr.
& vb. n. Heading.] 1. To
be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to
direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an
expedition, or a riot.
Dryden.
2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a
head; as, to head a nail.
Spenser.
3. To behead; to decapitate.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to
head trees.
5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as
to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain;
as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a
person; the wind heads a ship.
6. To set on the head; as, to head a
cask.
To head off, to intercept; to get before; as,
an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. --
To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by
fitting a head to.
Head, v. i. 1. To originate; to
spring; to have its /ourse, as a river.
A broad river, that heads in the great Blue
Ridge.
Adair.
2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend;
as, how does the ship head?
3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage
heads early.
Head"ache` (?), n. Pain in the
head; ceph/lalgia. \'bdHeadaches and shivering
fits.\'b8
Macaulay.
Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with
headache. [Colloq.]
Head"band` (?), n. 1.
A fillet; a band for the head. \'bdThe
headbands and the tablets.\'b8
Is. iii. 20.
2. The band at each end of the back of a
book.
Head"beard` (?), n. A board or
boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the
headboard of a bed; the headboard of a
grave.
{ Head"bor*ough (?), Head"bor*row
} n. 1. The chief of a
frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families;
-- called also borsholder,
boroughhead, boroughholder,
and sometimes tithingman. See
Borsholder. [Eng.]
Blackstone.
2. (Modern Law) A petty constable.
[Eng.]
Head"-cheese (?), n. A dish
made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up
fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.
Head"dress` (?), n. 1.
A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.
Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful
headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of
feathers, or a natural little plume.
Addison.
2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it,
whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.
Head"ed, a. 1. Furnished with a
head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in
composition; as, clear-headed, long-headed,
thick-headed; a many-headed monster.
2. Formed into a head; as, a headed
cabbage.
Head"er, n. 1. One who, or that
which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for
heading.
2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob;
head; chief; leader. [R.]
3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone
laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the
wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber
fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying
the ends of the tailpieces.
4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads
only.
5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a
bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a
header. [Colloq.]
{ Head`first" (?),
Head`fore"most` (?), } adv.
With the head foremost.
Head`fish" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The sunfish (Mola).
Head" gear`, Head"gear`
(/), n. 1.
Headdress.
2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or
deep well.
Head"-hunt`er (?), n. A member
of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of
decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies.
The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters.
<-- 2. (fig.) an executive personnel recruiter -->
-- Head"-hunt`ing, n.
Head"i*ly (?), adv. In a heady
or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.
Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being
heady.
Head"ing, n. 1. The act or
state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a
head.
2. That which stands at the head; title; as,
the heading of a paper.
3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels,
etc.
4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit
in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a
drift.
5. (sewing) The extension of a line
ruffling above the line of stitch.
6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or
brick which is presented outward.
Knight.
Heading course (Arch.), a course
consisting only of headers. See Header, n. 3
(a). -- Heading joint. (a)
(Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards, etc.,
at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b)
(Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the
same course.
Head"land (?), n. 1. A
cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or
other expanse of water. \'bdSow the headland
with wheat.\'b8
Shak.
2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of
furrows, or near a fence.
Tusser.
Head"less, a. [AS.
he\'a0fodle\'a0s.] 1. Having no
head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or
carcass.
2. Destitute of a chief or leader.
Sir W. Raleigh.
3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish;
rash; obstinate. [Obs.]<-- = mindless -->
Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness
in condemning.
Spenser.
Head"light` (?), n.
(Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector,
placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw
light on the track at night, or in going through a dark
tunnel.
Head"line` (?), n. 1.
(Print.) The line at the head or top of a
page.
2. (Naut.) See Headrope.
Head"long` (?; 115), adv. [OE.
hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with E.
long, a. & adv.]
1. With the head foremost; as, to fall
headlong.
Acts i. 18.
2. Rashly; precipitately; without
deliberation.
3. Hastily; without delay or respite.
Head"long, a. 1. Rash;
precipitate; as, headlong folly.
2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]
Like a tower upon a headlong rock.
Byron.
Head"-lugged` (?), a. Lugged or
dragged by the head. [R.] \'bdThe
head-lugged bear.\'b8
Shak.
Head"man` (?), n.; pl.
Headmen (#). [AS.
he\'a0fodman.] A head or leading man,
especially of a village community.
{ Head"mold" shot", Head"mould` shot"
} (?). (Med.) An old name for the
condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are
shot, over each other at the sutures.
Dunglison.
Head"most` (?), a. Most
advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a
fleet.
Head"note` (?), n. A note at
the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a
case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the
court.
Head"pan` (?), n. [AS.
he\'a0fodpanne.] The brainpan.
[Obs.]
Head"piece` (?), n. 1.
Head.
In his headpiece he felt a sore pain.
Spenser.
2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as
distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.
3. Understanding; mental faculty.
Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's
captains.
Prideaux.
4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter,
or of a page.
Head"quar`ters (?), n. pl. [but
sometimes used as a n. sing.] The quarters
or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in
command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from
which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of
authority or order.
The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of
intelligence.
Collier.
Head"race` (?), n. See
Race, a water course.
Head"Rome` (?), n.
(Arch.) See Headway, 2.
Head"rope` (?), n.
(Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to
the upper edge or head of a sail.
Head"sail` (?), n.
(Naut.) Any sail set forward of the
foremast.
Totten.
Head`shake` (?), n. A
significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of
denial.
Shak.
Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity;
chief place.
Heads"man (?), n; pl.
Headsmen (/). An executioner who
cuts off heads.
Dryden.
Head"spring` (?), n. Fountain;
source.
The headspring of our belief.
Stapleton.
Head"stall` (?), n. That part
of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head.
Shak.
Head"stock` (?), n.
(Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed or
frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a
machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that
holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called
poppet head, the opposite corresponding part
being called a tailstock. (b) The
part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.
Head"stone` (?), n. 1.
The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner
stone.
Ps. cxviii. 22.
2. The stone at the head of a grave.
Head"strong` (?; 115), a.
1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate;
stubborn.
Not let headstrong boy my will control.
Dryden.
2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding
from obstinacy.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable;
stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.
Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy.
[R.]
Gayton.
Head"tire` (?), n. 1.
A headdress. \'bdA headtire of fine
linen.\'b8
1 Edras iii. 6.
2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a
particular time and place.
Head"way` (?), n. 1.
The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or
success of any kind.
2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch,
girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing
underneath.<-- = clearance, or headroom[Brit.] -->
Head"work` (?), n. Mental
labor.
Head"y, a. [From Head.]
1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will
or passion; ungovernable.
All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady,
-- to be violent on one side or the other.
Sir W. Temple.
2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating;
strong.
The liquor is too heady.
Dryden.
3. Violent; impetuous. \'bdA heady
currance.\'b8
Shak.
Heal, v. t. [See Hele.]
To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the
like. [Obs.]
Heal, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Healed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Healing.] [OE. helen,
h\'91len, AS. h\'d6lan, fr.
h\'bel hale, sound, whole; akin to OS.
h, D. heelen, G.
heilen, Goth. hailjan. See
Whole.] 1. To make hale, sound, or
whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to
restore to soundness or health.
Speak the word only, and my servant shall be
healed.
Matt. viii. 8.
2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to
cure; -- said of a disease or a wound.
I will heal their backsliding.
Hos. xiv. 4.
3. To restore to original purity or
integrity.
Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these
waters.
2 Kings ii. 21.
4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make
whole; to free from guilt; as, to heal
dissensions.
Heal (?), v. i. To grow sound;
to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or
the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or
over; as, it will heal up, or
over.
Those wounds heal ill that men do give
themselves.
Shak.
Heal, n. [AS. h/lu,
h/l. See Heal, v. t.]
Health. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Heal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being healed.
Heal"all` (?), n. (Bot.)
A common herb of the Mint family (Brunela
vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently
thought a panacea.
Heald (?), n. [CF.
Heddle.] A heddle.
Ure.
Heal"ful (?), a. Tending or
serving to heal; healing. [Obs.]
Ecclus. xv. 3.
Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing;
mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing
salve; healing words.
Here healing dews and balms abound.
Keble.
Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or
cure.
Health (?), n. [OE.
helthe, AS. h/lp, fr. h\'bel
hale, sound, whole. See Whole.] 1.
The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or
soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease
or pain.
There is no health in us.
Book of Common Prayer.
Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it
can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.
Buckminster.
2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a
person in a toast. \'bdCome, love and health to
all.\'b8
Shak.
Bill of health. See under Bill.
-- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so
arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a
spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the
muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also
called lifting machine. -- Health
officer, one charged with the enforcement of the
sanitary laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a
health. See under Drink.
Health"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole;
sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a
healthful plant.
2. Serving to promote health of body or mind;
wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthful
air, diet.
The healthful Spirit of thy grace.
Book of Common Prayer.
3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from,
health or soundness; as, a healthful
condition.
A mind . . . healthful and so
well-proportioned.
Macaulay.
4. Well-disposed; favorable.
[R.]
Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked
guests.
Shak.
Health"ful*ly, adv. In health;
wholesomely.
Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being
healthful.
Health"i*ly (?), adv. In a
healthy manner.
Health"i*ness, n. The state of being
healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.
Health"less, n. 1. Without
health, whether of body or mind; in firm. \'bdA
healthless or old age.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome.
[R.]
Health"less*ness, n. The state of being
health/ess.
Health"some, a. Wholesome;
salubrious. [R.] \'bdHealthsome
air.\'b8
Shak.
Health"ward (?), a. & adv. In
the direction of health; as, a healthward
tendency.
Health"y (?), a.
[Compar. Healthier (?);
superl. Healthiest.] 1.
Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound;
free from disease; as, a healthy chid; a
healthy plant.
His mind was now in a firm and healthy state.
Macaulay.
2. Evincing health; as, a healthy
pulse; a healthy complexion.
3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious;
salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy
climate.
Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful;
wholesome; salutary.
Heam (?), n. [Cf. AS.
cidhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG.
hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a
beast.
Heap (?), n. [OE.
heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS.
he\'a0p; akin to OS. h/p, D.
hoop, OHG. houf, h/fo, G.
haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan.
hob., Icel. h/pr troop, flock, Russ.
kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf.
Hope, in Forlorn hope.] 1.
A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of
persons. [Now Low or Humorous]
The wisdom of a heap of learned men.
Chaucer.
A heap of vassals and slaves.
Bacon.
He had heaps of friends.
W.Black.
2. A great number or large quantity of things not
placed in a pile. [Now Low or Humorous]
A vast heap, both of places of scripture and
quotations.
Bp. Burnet.
I have noticed a heap of things in my life.
R. L. Stevenson.
3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a
body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a
heap of earth or stones.
Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.
Dryden.
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Heap, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Heaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Heaping.] [AS.
he\'a0pian.] 1. To collect in
great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually
with up; as, to heap up
treasures.
Though he heap up silver as the dust.
Job. xxvii. 16.
2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to
pile; as, to heap stones; -- often with
up; as, to heap up earth; or with
on; as, to heap on wood or
coal.
<-- p. 678 -->
3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring;
to fill (a measure) more than even full.
Heap"er (?), n. One who heaps,
piles, or amasses.
Heap"y (?), a. Lying in
heaps.
Gay.
Hear (/), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Heard (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.]
[OE. heren, AS,. hi\'82ran,
h/ran, h/ran;
akin to OS. h/rian, OFries. hera,
hora, D. hooren, OHG. h/ren,
G. h\'94ren, Icel. heyra, Sw:
h\'94ra, Dan. hore, Goth.
hausjan, and perh. to Gr. /, E. acoustic.
Cf. Hark, Hearken.] 1. To
perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the
ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice;
to hear one call.
Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst
hear the tread of travelers.
Shak.
He had been heard to utter an ominous growl.
Macaulay.
2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to;
to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to
examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to hear a
recitation; to hear a class; the case will be
heard to-morrow.
3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or
worshiper; as, to hear a concert; to hear
Mass.
4. To give attention to as a teacher or
judge.
Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of
the king to hear thee.
2 Sam. xv. 3.
I beseech your honor to hear me one single
word.
Shak.
5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen
to and answer favorably; to favor.
I love the Lord, because he hath heard my
voice.
Ps. cxvi. 1.
They think that they shall be heard for their much
speaking.
Matt. vi. 7.
Hear him. See Remark, under Hear,
v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to
receive private communication. [Colloq.]
Shak. -- To hear say, to hear one
say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor.
[Colloq.]
Hear, v. i. 1. To have the
sense or faculty of perceiving sound. \'bdThe
Hearing ear.\'b8
Prov. xx. 12.
2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to
perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.
So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard,
Well pleased, but answered not.
Milton.
3. To be informed by oral communication; to be
told; to receive information by report or by letter.
I have heard, sir, of such a man.
Shak.
I must hear from thee every day in the hour.
Shak.
To hear ill, to be blamed.
[Obs.]
Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he
heard ill for his temporizing and slow
proceedings.
Holland.
-- To hear well, to be praised.
[Obs.]
Hear, or Hear him, is often
used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in
English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the
speaker.
Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the
tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.
Macaulay.
Heard (?), imp. & p. p. of
Hear.
Hear"er (?), n. One who hears;
an auditor.
Hear"ing, n. 1. The act or
power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or
sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is
good.
I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear.
Job xlii. 5.
Ear.
2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to
be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a
hearing.
3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake
of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and
determining issues.
His last offenses to us
Shall have judicious hearing.
Shak.
Another hearing before some other court.
Dryden.
Hearing, as applied to equity cases,
means the same thing that the word trial does at
law.
Abbot.
4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound;
earshot. \'bdShe's not within hearing.\'b8
Shak.
They laid him by the pleasant shore,
And in the hearing of the wave.
Tennyson.
Heark"en (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hearkened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen,
hercnien, AS. hercnian,
heorcnian, fr. hi\'82ran,
h/ran, to hear; akin to OD. harcken,
horcken, LG. harken, horken, G.
horchen. See Hear, and cf.
Hark..] 1. To listen; to lend the
ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in
order to obey or comply.
The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl.
Dryden.
Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the
judgments, which I teach you.
Deut. iv. 1.
2. To inquire; to seek information.
[Obs.] \'bdHearken after their
offense.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend,
v. i.
Heark"en, v. t. 1. To hear by
listening. [Archaic]
[She] hearkened now and then
Some little whispering and soft groaning sound.
Spenser.
2. To give heed to; to hear attentively.
[Archaic]
The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's
suit.
Shak.
To hearken out, to search out.
[Obs.]
If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and
buy.
B. Johnson.
Heark"en*er (?), n. One who
hearkens; a listener.
Hear"sal (?), n.
Rehearsal. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hear"say` (?), n. Report;
rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.
Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of
our great national poet originated in frivolous
hearsays of his life and conversation.
Prof. Wilson.
Hearsay evidence (Law), that
species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one
person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few
exceptions, inadmissible as testimony.
Abbott.
Hearse (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A hind in the year of its age.
[Eng.]
Wright.
Hearse (?), n. [See
Herse.] 1. A framework of wood or
metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and
covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights
and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during
the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.]
Oxf. Gloss.
2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral
monument. [Archaic] \'bdUnderneath this marble
hearse.\'b8
B. Johnson.
Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows.
Fairfax
Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse.
Longfellow.
3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to
the grave. [Obs.]
Set down, set down your honorable load,
It honor may be shrouded in a hearse.
Shak.
4. A carriage specially adapted or used for
conveying the dead to the grave.
Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to
entomb. [Obs.] \'bdWould she were
hearsed at my foot.\'b8
Shak.
Hearse"cloth` (?; 115), n. A
cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall.
Bp. Sanderson.
Hearse"like" (?), a. Suitable
to a funeral.
If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many
hearselike airs as carols.
Bacon.
Heart (?), n. [OE.
harte, herte, heorte, AS.
heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies.
hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G.
herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta,
Goth. ha\'a1rt/, Lith. szirdis, Russ.
serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. /, /
////. Cf. Accord, Discord,
Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.]
1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ,
which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of
the blood.
Why does my blood thus muster to my heart!
Shak.
Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are
but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from
the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence
returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the
separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in
reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less
completely.
The so-called lymph hearts, found in many
amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump
the lymph into the veins.
2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities,
collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage,
and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; --
usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better
or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and
purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral
affections and character itself; the individual disposition and
character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish
heart.
Hearts are dust, hearts' loves
remain.
Emerson.
3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most
hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body
or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the
chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic
or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of
a tree, etc.
Exploits done in the heart of France.
Shak.
Peace subsisting at the heart
Of endless agitation.
Wordsworth.
4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.
Eve, recovering heart, replied.
Milton.
The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly
from one country invade another.
Sir W. Temple.
5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of
fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or
bad.
That the spent earth may gather heart again.
Dryden.
6. That which resembles a heart in shape;
especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse
point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation,
-- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.
7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished
by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are
trumps.
8. Vital part; secret meaning; real
intention.
And then show you the heart of my message.
Shak.
9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar
address. \'bdI speak to thee, my heart.\'b8
Shak.
Heart is used in many compounds, the most
of which need no special explanation; as,
heart-appalling, heart-breaking,
heart-cheering, heart-chilled,
heart-expanding, heart-free,
heart-hardened, heart-heavy,
heart-purifying, heart-searching,
heart-sickening, heart-sinking,
heart-stirring, heart-touching,
heart-wearing, heart-whole,
heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc.
After one's own heart, conforming with one's
inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own
heart.
The Lord hath sought him a man after his own
heart.
1 Sam. xiii. 14.
-- At heart, in the inmost character or
disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a
good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most
thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart.
\'bdComposing songs, for fools to get by heart\'b8
(that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly).
Pope. -- For my heart, for my life;
if my life were at stake. [Obs.] \'bdI could not get
him for my heart to do it.\'b8 Shak. --
Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which
no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet
in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid
header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and
hand, with enthusiastic co\'94peration. --
Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of
feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart
heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak.
-- Heart point (Her.), the fess point.
See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a
rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart
shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine, bivalve shell
of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a
heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor;
-- called also heart cockle. --
Heart sickness, extreme depression of
spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost
earnestness. -- Heart urchin
(Zo\'94l.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea
urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel,
a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. --
In good heart, in good courage; in good hope.
-- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor
heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break
the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or
hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow.
(b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very
nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken
the heart of the task. -- To find in the
heart, to be willing or disposed. \'bdI could find
in my heart to ask your pardon.\'b8 Sir P.
Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire
(anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart,
to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have
the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. --
To lose heart, to become discouraged. --
To lose one's heart, to fall in love. --
To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at
ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the
desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. --
To take heart of grace, to take courage. --
To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To
wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's
feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. --
With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully;
completely; devotedly.
Heart (?), v. t. To give heart
to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit.
[Obs.]
My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason.
Shak.
Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or
heart; as, a hearting cabbage.
Heart"ache` (?), n. [Cf. AS.
heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental
pang.
Shak.
Heart"break` (?), n. Crushing
sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief.
Shak.
Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering
sorrow.
Heart"bro`ken (?), a. Overcome
by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.
Heart"burn` (?), n.
(Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the
stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is
sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often
complaints.
Heart"burned` (?), a. Having
heartburn.
Shak.
Heart"burn`ing (?), a. Causing
discontent.
Heart"burn`ing, n. 1.
(Med.) Same as Heartburn.
2. Discontent; secret enmity.
Swift.
The transaction did not fail to leave
heartburnings.
Palfrey.
Heart"dear` (?), a. Sincerely
beloved. [R.]
Shak.
Heart"deep` (?), a. Rooted in
the heart.
Herbert.
Heart"-eat`ing (?), a. Preying
on the heart.
Heart"ed, a. 1. Having a heart;
having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections,
disposition, or character).
2. Shaped like a heart; cordate.
[R.]
Landor.
3. Seated or laid up in the heart.
I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted.
Shak.
hearted, faint-hearted,
kind-hearted, lion-hearted,
stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns
hard-heartedness, faint-heartedness,
etc.
Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness;
sincerity; heartiness. [R.]
Clarendon.
Hearted. The
analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted +
-ness, rather than hard +
heartedness, etc.
Heart"en (?), v. t. [From
Heart.] 1. To encourage; to animate;
to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.
Hearten those that fight in your defense.
Shak.
2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to
land.
Heart"en*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up.
W. Browne.
Heart"felt` (?), a. Hearty;
sincere.
Heart"grief` (?), n. Heartache;
sorrow.
Milton.
Hearth (?), n. [OE.
harthe, herth, herthe, AS.
heor/; akin to D. haard,
heerd, Sw. h\'84rd, G. herd; cf.
Goth. ha\'a3ri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers,
and L. cremare to burn.] 1. The
pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on
which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a
corresponding part of a stove.
There was a fire on the hearth burning before
him.
Jer. xxxvi. 22.
Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths
unswept.
There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.
Shak.
2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its
inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.
3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a
furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest
part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material
settles.
Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of
lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. --
Hearth money, Hearth penny
[AS. heor], a tax formerly
laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the
church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called
also chimney money, etc.
He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them
from the . . . burden of the hearth money.
Macaulay.
Hearth"stone` (?), n. Stone
forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.
Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and
patriot grave to every living heart and
hearthstone.
A. Lincoln.
Heart"i*ly (?), adv. [From
Hearty.] 1. From the heart; with all
the heart; with sincerity.
I heartily forgive them.
Shak.
2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly;
cordially; as, he heartily assisted the
prince.
To eat heartily, to eat freely and with
relish.
Addison.
Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously;
actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.
<-- p. 679 -->
Hear"i*ness (?), n. The quality
of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a
greeting.
Heart"less, a. 1. Without a
heart.
You have left me heartess; mine is in your
bosom.
J. Webster.
2. Destitute of courage; spiritless;
despodent.
Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their
ground.
Dryden.
Heartless and melancholy.
W. Irwing.
3. Destitute of feeling or affection;
unsympathetic; cruel. \'bdThe heartless
parasites.\'b8
Byron.
-- Heart"less*ly, adv. --
Heart"less*ness, n.
Heart"let (?), n.. A little
heart.
Heart"lings (?), interj. An
exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Heart"pea` (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Heartseed.
Heart"quake` (?), n. Trembling
of the heart; trepidation; fear.
In many an hour of danger and heartquake.
Hawthorne.
Heart"rend`ing (?), a. Causing
intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.
Heart"-rob`bing (?), a. 1.
Depriving of thought; ecstatic.
\'bdHeart-robbing gladness.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.
Heart's"-ease` (?), n. 1.
Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or
feeling.
Shak.
2. (Bot.) A species of violet
(Viola tricolor); -- called also
pansy.
Heart"seed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus
Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked
with a spot like a heart.
Loudon.
Heart"shaped` (/), a. Having
the shape of a heart; cordate.
Heart"sick` (?), a. [AS.
heorise\'a2c.] Sick at heart; extremely
depressed in spirits; very despondent.
Heart"some (?), a. Merry;
cheerful; lively. [Scot.]
Heart"-spoon` (?), n. A part of
the breastbone. [Obs.]
He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke.
Chaucer.
Heart"strick`en (?), a.
Shocked; dismayed.
Heart"strike` (?), v. t. To
affect at heart; to shock. [R.] \'bdThe seek
to heartstrike us.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Heart"string` (?), n. A nerve
or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.
Shak.
Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke.
Moore.
Heart"struck` (?), a. 1.
Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. \'bdHis
heartstruck injuries.\'b8
Shak.
2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed;
heartstricken.
Milton.
Heart"swell`ing (?), a.
Rankling in, or swelling, the heart.
\'bdHeartswelling hate.\'b8
Spenser.
Heart"-whole` (?), a. [See
Whole.] 1. Having the heart or
affections free; not in love.
Shak.
2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.
3. Of a single and sincere heart.
If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master.
Bunyan.
Heart"wood` (?), n. The hard,
central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and
matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer
layers. It is technically known as duramen, and
distinguished from the softer sapwood or
alburnum.
Heart"-wound`ed (?), a. Wounded
to the heart with love or grief.
Pope.
Heart"y (?), a.
[Compar. Heartier (?);
superl. Heartiest.] 1.
Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial;
bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager;
as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting
the government.
Full of hearty tears
For our good father's loss.
Marston.
2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not
weak; as, a hearty timber.
3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant;
as, hearty food; a hearty meal.
Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial;
earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous.
-- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere.
Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and
manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness
with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies
that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the
heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his
friends, cordial in his reception of them to his
house, and sincere in his offers to assist
them.
Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties
(/). Comrade; boon companion; good fellow;
-- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors.
Dickens.
Heart"y*hale` (?), a. Good for
the heart. [Obs.]
Heat (?), n. [OE.
hete, h\'91te, AS. h/tu,
h/to, fr. h\'bet hot; akin to OHG.
heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw.
hetta. See Hot.] 1. A
force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but
especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which,
as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action,
chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through
the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion,
being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It
was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to
which was given the name caloric.
2. The sensation caused by the force or influence
of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the
human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire,
the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.
3. High temperature, as distinguished from low
temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the
cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever,
etc.
Else how had the world . . .
Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat!
Milton.
4. Indication of high temperature; appearance,
condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature;
redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which
something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or
otherwise.
It has raised . . . heats in their faces.
Addison.
The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red
heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparking or
welding heat.
Moxon.
5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a
forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain
number of heats.
6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort;
a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses;
as, he won two heats out of three.
Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the
heats.
Dryden.
[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of
\'bdTam o'Shanter.\'b8
J. C. Shairp.
7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the
heat of battle or party. \'bdThe
heat of their division.\'b8
Shak.
8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement;
exasperation. \'bdThe head and hurry of his
rage.\'b8
South.
9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor;
fervency.
With all the strength and heat of eloquence.
Addison.
10. Sexual excitement in animals.
11. Fermentation.
Animal heat, Blood heat,
Capacity for heat, etc. See under
Animal, Blood, etc. -- Atomic
heat (Chem.), the product obtained by
multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific
heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant,
the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of
heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a
peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate
particles of matter. Heat engine, any
apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made
to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air
engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers.
(Physiol.) See under Food. --
Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays
near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the
visible spectrum. -- Heat weight
(Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by
the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute
temperature; -- called also thermodynamic
function, and entropy. --
Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under
Equivalent. -- Specific heat of a
substance (at any temperature), the number of units of
heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the
substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of
heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one
degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a
certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is
that of 0
Heat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Heating.] [OE.
heten, AS. h/tan, fr. h\'bet
hot. See Hot.] 1. To make hot; to
communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to
heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the
like.
Heat me these irons hot.
Shak.
2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to
make feverish.
Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood.
Shak.
3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to
excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.
A noble emulation heats your breast.
Dryden.
Heat, v. i. 1. To grow warm or
not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication
of heat; as, the iron or the water heats
slow/y.
2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the
development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay
heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.
Heat (?), imp. & p. p. of
Heat. Heated; as, the iron though
heat red-hot. [Obs. or Archaic.]
Shak.
Heat"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, heats.
2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace,
stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat
to something, or to contain something to be heated.
Feed heater. See under
Feed.
Heath (?), n. [OE.
heth waste land, the plant heath, AS.
h//; akin to D. & G. heide, Icel.
hei/r waste land, Dan. hede, Sw.
hed, Goth. haipi field, L.
bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood,
Skr. ksh/tra field. 1.
(Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, ), with minute evergreen leaves, and
handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain
for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It
is also called heather, and
ling. (b) Also, any
species of the genus Erica, of which several are
European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty.
See Illust. of Heather.
2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless
tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.
Their stately growth, though bare,
Stands on the blasted heath.
Milton
Heath cock (Zo\'94l.), the
blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). --
Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial
grass, of the genus Triodia (T. decumbens),
growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse,
Heath game (Zo\'94l.), a
European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heats;
-- called also black game, black
grouse, heath poult, heath
fowl, moor fowl. The male is called,
heath cock, and blackcock;
the female, heath hen, and gray
hen. -- Heath hen.
(Zo\'94l.) See Heath grouse
(above). -- Heath pea (bot.), a
species of bitter vetch (Lathyris macrorhizus), the
tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor
whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zo\'94l.),
a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring
ouzel.
Heath"clad` (?), a. Clad or
crowned with heath.
Hea"then (?; 277), n.; pl.
Heathens (#) or collectively
Heathen. [OE. hethen, AS.
h//en, prop. an adj. fr. h// heath,
and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the
heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan, fr.
pagus village); akin to OS. h//in,
adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide, OHG.
heidan, Icel. hei/inn, adj., Sw.
heden, Goth. haipn/, n. fem.
See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.] 1.
An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those
which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan;
an idolater.
2. An irreligious person.
If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and
they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted
heathens.
V. Knox.
The heathen, as the term is used in the
Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people
except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.
Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for
thine inheritance.
Ps. ii. 8.
Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan.
Hea"then (?), a. 1.
Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen
author. \'bdThe heathen philosopher.\'b8
\'bdAll in gold, like heathen gods.\'b8
Shak.
2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.
3. Irreligious; scoffing.
Hea"then*dom (?), n. [AS.
h.] 1. That
part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations,
considered collectively.
2. Heathenism.
C. Kingsley.
Hea"then*esse (?), n. [AS.
h, i. e., heathenness.]
Heathendom. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.
Hea"then*ish, a. [AS.
h.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of
heathens. \'bdWorse than heathenish crimes.\'b8
Milton.
2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel.
South.
3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way
of living.
Hea"then*ish"ly, adv. In a heathenish
manner.
Hea"then*ish*ness, n. The state or
quality of being heathenish. \'bdThe . . .
heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks.\'b8
Prynne.
Hea"then*ism (?), n. 1.
The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry;
paganism.
2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a
heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.
Hea"then*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Heathenized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing
(?).] To render heathen or
heathenish.
Firmin.
Hea"then*ness, n. [Cf.
Heathenesse.] State of being heathen or like
the heathen.
Hea"then*ry (?), n. 1.
The state, quality, or character of the heathen.
Your heathenry and your laziness.
C. Kingsley.
2. Heathendom; heathen nations.
Heath"er (?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in
Scotland), n. [See Heath.]
Heath. [Scot.]
Gorse and grass
And heather, where his footsteps pass,
The brighter seem.
Longfellow.
Heather bell (Bot.), one of the
pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather
(Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea).
Heath"er*y (?), a. Heathy;
abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.
Heath"y (?), a. Full of heath;
abounding with heath; as, heathy land;
heathy hills.
Sir W. Scott.
Heat"ing (?), a. That heats or
imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action;
stimulating; as, heating medicines or
applications.
Heating surface (Steam Boilers),
the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated
products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are
exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also
fire surface.
Heat"ing*ly, adv. In a heating manner;
so as to make or become hot or heated.
Heat"less, a. Destitute of heat;
cold. Beau. & Fl.
Heave (?), v. t.
[imp. Heaved (?), or
Hove (/); p. p. Heaved,
Hove, formerly Hoven (/); p.
pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] [OE.
heven, hebben, As. hebban; akin
to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG.
heffan, hevan, G. heven, Icel.
h\'84fva, Dan. h\'91ve, Goth.
hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr.
/ handle. Cf. Accept, Behoof,
Capacious, Forceps, haft,
Receipt.] 1. To cause to move upward
or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; --
often with up; as, the wave heaved the
boat on land.
One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below.
Shak.
Heave, as now used, implies that the
thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used
in a less restricted sense.
Here a little child I stand,
Heaving up my either hand.
Herrick.
2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or
colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to
heave the lead; to heave the log.
3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause
to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical
phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead.
4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with
effort; as, to heave a sigh.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.
Shak.
5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or
bosom.
The glittering, finny swarms
That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores.
Thomson.
To heave a cable short (Naut.), to
haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the
anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead
(Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as
by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down
(Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side; to
careen her. -- To heave a ship to
(Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind, and
stop her motion. -- To heave about
(Naut.), to put about suddenly. -- To
heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable).
-- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a
vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail
(Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave
taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till
the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and
Tight. -- To heave the lead
(Naut.), to take soundings with lead and
line. -- To heave the log. (Naut.)
See Log. -- To heave up anchor
(Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or
elsewhere.
<-- p. 680 -->
Heave (?), v. i. 1. To
be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or
mound.
And the huge columns heave into the sky.
Pope.
Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap.
Gray.
The heaving sods of Bunker Hill.
E. Everett.
2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the
lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on
the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to
swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to
struggle.
Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves.
Prior.
The heaving plain of ocean.
Byron.
3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move
anything; to strain to do something difficult.
The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a
reformation ever since Wyclif's days.
Atterbury.
4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to
vomit.
To heave at. (a) To make an effort
at. (b) To attack, to oppose.
[Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in
sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to
appear. -- To heave up, to vomit.
[Low]
Heave, n. 1. An effort to raise
something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something
heavy.
After many strains and heaves
He got up to his saddle eaves.
Hudibras.
2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or
distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the
waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.
There's matter in these sighs, these profound
heaves,
You must translate.
Shak.
None could guess whether the next heave of the
earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them.
Dryden.
3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a
metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another
lode.
Heav"en (?), n. [OE.
heven, hefen, heofen, AS.
heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG.
heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of
uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel,
Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to,
or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root
signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gaham/n to
put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E.
chemise.] 1. The expanse of space
surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the
earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the
place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the
plural in this sense.
I never saw the heavens so dim by day.
Shak.
When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the
sun in heaven.
D. Webster.
2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of
bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.
Unto the God of love, high heaven's King.
Spenser.
It is a knell
That summons thee to heaven or to hell.
Shak.
New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.
Keble.
heaven and its
corresponding words in other languages have as various definite
interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.
3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly
of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as
in No. 2.
Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear.
Shak.
The will
And high permission of all-ruling Heaven.
Milton.
4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort;
perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as,
a heaven of delight. \'bdA heaven
of beauty.\'b8 Shak. \'bdThe brightest heaven
of invention.\'b8
Shak.
O bed! bed! delicious bed!
That heaven upon earth to the weary head!
Hood.
Heaven is very often used, esp. with
participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no
special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing,
heaven-aspiring, heaven-begot,
heaven-born, heaven-bred,
heaven-conducted, heaven-descended,
heaven-directed, heaven-exalted,
heaven-given, heaven-guided,
heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired,
heaven-instructed, heaven-kissing,
heaven-loved, heaven-moving,
heaven-protected, heaven-taught,
heaven-warring, and the like.
Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Heavened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Heavening.] To place in
happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify.
[R.]
We are happy as the bird whose nest
Is heavened in the hush of purple hills.
G. Massey.
Heav"en*ize (?), v. t. To
render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From
Heavenly.] The state or quality of being
heavenly.
Sir J. Davies.
Heav"en*ly, a. [AS.
heofonic.] 1. Pertaining to,
resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as,
heavenly regions; heavenly music.
As is the heavenly, such are they also that are
heavenly.
1 Cor. xv. 48.
2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness;
perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly
race; the heavenly, throng.
The love of heaven makes one heavenly.
Sir P. Sidney.
Heav"en*ly, adv. 1. In a manner
resembling that of heaven. \'bdShe was heavenly
true.\'b8
Shak.
2. By the influence or agency of heaven.
Out heavenly guided soul shall climb.
Milton.
Heav"en*ly*mind`ed (?), a.
Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable
for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious.
Milner. -- Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness,
n.
Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv.
Toward heaven.
Heave" of`fer*ing (?). (Jewish
Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated
before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See
Wave offering.
<-- sic!? -->
Ex. xxix. 27.
Heav"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks
in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.
2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever.
Totten.
Heaves (?), n. A disease of
horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the
flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken
wind.
Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d
Heavy.] 1. In a heavy manner; with
great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be
heavily loaded.
Heavily interested in those schemes of
emigration.
The Century.
2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and
laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or
suffering manner; sorrowfully.
And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them
heavily.
Ex. xiv. 25.
Why looks your grace so heavily to-day?
Shak.
Heav"i*ness, n. The state or quality of
being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness;
oppression; thickness.
Heav"ing (?), n. A lifting or
rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing.
Addison. Shak.
Heav"i*some (?), a. Heavy;
dull. [Prov.]
Heav"y (?), a. Having the
heaves.
Heav"y (?), a.
[Compar. Heavier (?);
superl. Heaviest.] [OE.
hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to
lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig,
Icel. h\'94figr, h\'94fugr. See
Heave.] 1. Heaved or lifted with
labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy
stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects;
as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy
failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often
implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also,
difficult to move; as, a heavy
draught.
2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard
to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as,
heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news,
etc.
The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of
Ashdod.
1 Sam. v. 6.
The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to
make.
Shak.
Sent hither to impart the heavy news.
Wordsworth.
Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence.
Shak.
3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered;
burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care,
grief, pain, disappointment.
The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council
were.
Chapman.
A light wife doth make a heavy husband.
Shak.
4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull,
inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners,
style, and the like; a heavy writer or book.
Whilst the heavy plowman snores.
Shak.
Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind.
Dryden.
Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not
hear.
Is. lix. 1.
5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a
heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like.
6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as,
heavy thunder.
But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once
more.
Byron.
7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; --
said of the sky.
8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of
earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the
like.
9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy
bread.
10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach;
not easily digested; -- said of food.
11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines,
or other liquors.
12. With child; pregnant. [R.]
Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a)
Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison,
and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy
guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under
Cavalry. -- Heavy fire
(Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading,
or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal
(Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size;
also, large balls for such guns.<-- a type of rock music
(1970's), with a hard beat, amplified electronically --> --
Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under
Metal. -- Heavy weight, in
wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the
classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather
weight (c), under Feather.
Heavy is used in composition to form many
words which need no special explanation; as,
heavy-built, heavy-browed,
heavy-gaited, etc.
Heav"y, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in
composition; as, heavy-laden.
Heav"y, v. t. To make heavy.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
Heav"y-armed` (?), a.
(Mil.) Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying
heavy arms.
Heav"y-had"ed (?), a. Clumsy;
awkward.
Heav"y-head"ed (?), a. Dull;
stupid. \'bdGross heavy-headed fellows.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Heav"y spar` (?). (Min.) Native
barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high
specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic
minerals.
Heb"do*mad (?), n. [L.
hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s
the number seven days, fr. / seventh, / seven. See
Seven.] A week; a period of seven days.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ Heb*dom"a*dal (?),
Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), } a.
[L. hebdomadalis, LL. hebdomadarius:
cf. F. hebdomadaire.] Consisting of seven
days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.
Heb*dom"a*dal*ly (?), adv. In
periods of seven days; weekly.
Lowell.
Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), n. [LL.
hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.]
(R. C. Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent,
whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other
services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the
superiors.
Heb`do*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L.
hebdomaticus, Gr. /.] Weekly;
hebdomadal. [Obs.]
He"be (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
"h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth,
daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power
of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An African ape; the
hamadryas.
Heb"en (?), n. Ebony.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Heb"e*non (?), n. See
Henbane. [Obs.]
Shak.
Heb"e*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hebetated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hebetating.] [L. hebetatus,
p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.]
To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to
hebetate the intellectual faculties.
Southey
Heb"e*tate (?), a. 1.
Obtuse; dull.
2. (Bot.) Having a dull or blunt and
soft point.
Gray.
Heb`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
hebetatio: cf. F. h\'82b\'82tation.]
1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.
2. The state of being blunted or dulled.
He*bete" (?), a. [L.
hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr.
hebere to be dull.] Dull; stupid.
[Obs.]
Heb"e*tude (?), n. [L.
hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity.
Harvey.
He"bra"ic (?), a. [L.
Hebraicus, Gr. /: cf. F. hebra\'8bque.
See Hebrew.] Of or pertaining to the Hebrews,
or to the language of the Hebrews.
He*bra"ic*al*ly (?), adv. After
the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.
He"bra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
h\'82bra\'8bsme.]
1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression
or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language.
Addison.
2. The type of character of the Hebrews.
The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of
conscience.
M. Arnold.
He"bra*ist, n. [Cf. F.
h\'82bra\'8bste.] One versed in the Hebrew
language and learning.
He`bra*is"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or
idiom.
He`bra*is"tic*al*ly (?), adv.
In a Hebraistic sense or form.
Which is Hebraistically used in the New
Testament.
Kitto.
He"bra*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. /
to speak Hebrew: cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bser.]
To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or
Hebraistic.
J. R. Smith.
He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hebraized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hebraizing.] To speak Hebrew,
or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.
He"brew (?), n. [F.
H\'82breu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. /, fr. Heb.
'ibhr\'c6.] 1. An appellative of
Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob;
an Israelite; a Jew.
There came one that had escaped and told Abram the
Hebrew.
Gen. xiv. 13.
2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the
Semitic family of languages.
He"brew, a. Of or pertaining to the
Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or
rites.
He"brew*ess, n. An Israelitish
woman.
He*bri"cian (?), n. A
Hebraist. [R.]
{ He*brid"e*an (?), He*brid"i*an
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. --
n. A native or inhabitant of the
Hebrides.
Hec"a*tomb (?), n. [L.
hecatombe, Gr. /; / hundred + / ox: cf. F.
h\'82catombe.] (Antiq.) A
sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence,
the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.
Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed.
Addison.
More than a human hecatomb.
Byron.
Hec`a*tom"pe*don (?), n. [Gr.
/ hundred feet long, / / the Parthenon; / hundred + /
foot.] (Arch.) A name given to the old
Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably
in the width across the stylobate.
Hec"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. /
six + / ten.] (Chem.) A white, semisolid,
spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the
paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of
kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms
of carbon; -- called also hexadecane.
Heck (?), n. [See
Hatch a half door.] [Written also
hack.] 1. The bolt or latch of a
door. [Prov. Eng.]
2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov.
Eng.]
3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; --
called also heck door. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
4. A latticework contrivance for catching
fish.
5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating
the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel
from the bobbins, in a warping machine.
6. A bend or winding of a stream.
[Prov. Eng.]
Half heck, the lower half of a door. --
Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back
of a cart. -- Heck box , that which carries the heck in
warping.
Heck"i*mal (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse (Parus
c\'d2ruleus). [Written also
heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall,
hagmall, and hickmall.]
Hec"kle (?), n. & v. t. Same as
Hackle.
Hec"tare` (?), n. [F., fr. Gr.
/ hundred + F. are an are.] A measure of
area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square
meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.
Hec"tic (?), a. [F.
hectique, Gr. / habitual, consumptive, fr. /
habit, a habit of body or mind, fr. / to have; akin to Skr.
sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige,
sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth.
sigis. Cf. Scheme.] 1.
Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow
waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a
hectic type in disease; a hectic
flush.
2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever;
consumptive; as, a hectic patient.
Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of
irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of
exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.
Hec"tic, n. 1. (Med.)
Hectic fever.
2. A hectic flush.
It is no living hue, but a strange hectic.
Byron.
<-- p. 681 -->
Hec`to*cot"y*lized (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Changed into a hectocotylus; having a
hectocotylis.
\'d8Hec`to*cot"y*lus (?), n.;
pl. Hectocotyli (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a hundred + / a hollow vessel.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the arms of the male of most
kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways
to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the
greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after
receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and
attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.
Hec"to*gram (?), n. [F.
hectogramme, fr. Gr. / hundred + F.
gramme a gram.] A measure of weight,
containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces
avoirdupois.
Hec"to*gramme (?), n.
[F.] The same as Hectogram.
Hec"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. /
hundred + -graph.] A contrivance for
multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with
glycerin. [Written also
hectograph.]
{ Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre }
(?), n. [F. hectolitre, fr.
Gr. / hundred + F. litre a liter.] A
measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth
of a cubic meter, nearly 26
{ Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre }
(?), n. [F. /
hectom\'8atre, fr. Gr. / hundred + F.
m\'8atre a meter.] A measure of length,
equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.
Hec"tor (?), n. [From the
Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.] A
bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes
or provokes.
Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hectored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hectoring.] To treat with
insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to
tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying.
Dryden.
Hec"tor, v. i. To play the bully; to
bluster; to be turbulent or insolent.
Swift.
Hec"to*rism (?), n. The
disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying.
[R.]
Hec"tor*ly, a. Resembling a hector;
blustering; insolent; taunting. \'bdHectorly,
ruffianlike swaggering or huffing.\'b8
Barrow.
Hec"to*stere (?), n. [F.
hectost\'8are; Gr. / hundred + F.
st\'8are.] A measure of solidity,
containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66
English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.
Hed"dle (?), n.; pl.
Heddles (#). [Cf.
Heald.] (Weaving) One of the sets
of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the
harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten
in a loom.
Hed"dle, v. t. To draw (the warp thread)
through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.
Hed"dle-eye` (?), n.
(Weaving) The eye or loop formed in each heddle
to receive a warp thread.
Hed"dling (?), vb. n. The act
of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's
harness; the harness itself.
Knight.
Hed`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.] Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.
Hed"er*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to ivy.
He*der"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as,
hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene
series.
Hed`er*if"er*ous (?), a. [L.
hedera ivy + -ferous.] Producing
ivy; ivy-bearing.
Hed"er*ose` (?), a. [L.
hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.]
Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.
Hedge (?), n. [OE.
hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an
inclosure, E. haw, AS. hege hedge, E.
haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga,
G. hecke. Haw a hedge.]
A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such
a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land;
and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line
or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field
to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.
The roughest berry on the rudest hedge.
Shak.
Through the verdant maze
Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk.
Thomson.
Hedge, when used adjectively or in
composition, often means rustic,
outlandish, illiterate, poor, or
mean; as, hedge priest;
hedgeborn, etc.
Hedge bells, Hedge
bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant
related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus
sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled
billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.),
a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic
mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge
hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus
Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and
purgative. -- Hedge marriage, a secret or
clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge
priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard
(Bot.), a plant of the genus
Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. --
Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under
shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint
family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite
harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The
note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible
writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge
priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak.
-- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter
of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge
sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a European warbler
(Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color
is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with
white. Called also chanter, hedge
warbler, dunnock, and
doney. -- Hedge writer, an
insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff.
[Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a
hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang
in the hedge, to be at a standstill. \'bdWhile the
business of money hangs in the hedge.\'b8
Pepys.
Hedge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hedged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.]
1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence
with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees;
as, to hedge a field or garden.
2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to
hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up
and out.
I will hedge up thy way with thorns.
Hos. ii. 6.
Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to
hedge out incursions from the north.
Milton.
3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect;
to hem (in). \'bdEngland, hedged in with the
main.\'b8
Shak.
4. To surround so as to prevent escape.
That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo.
Locke.
To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that
is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus
guarding against loss.
Hedge, v. i. 1. To shelter
one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if
by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk
obligations.
I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand
and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to
hedge and to lurch.
Shak.
2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a
wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet
on.
3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's
speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything
definite.
The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to
hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor
from the Roundheads.
Saintsbury.
Hedge"born` (?), a. Born under
a hedge; of low birth.
Shak.
Hedge"bote` (?), n. (Eng.
Law) Same as Haybote.
Hedge"hog` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European insectivore
(Erinaceus Europ\'91us), and other allied species of
Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body
mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a
ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It
is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The Canadian
porcupine.[U.S]
3. (Bot.) A species of
Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which
are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called.
Loudon.
4. A form of dredging machine.
Knight.
Hedgehog caterpillar (Zo\'94l.),
the hairy larv\'91 of several species of bombycid moths, as
of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed.
See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. --
Hedgehog fish (Zo\'94l.), any spinose
plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the
porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass
(Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on
sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). --
Hedgehog rat (Zo\'94l.), one of several
West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike
tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats
belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied
genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zo\'94l.),
any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus
Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle
(Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in
form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). --
Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.
Hedge"less, a. Having no hedge.
Hedge"pig` (?), n. A young
hedgehog.
Shak.
Hedg"er (?), n. One who makes
or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in
betting.
Hedge"row` (?), n. A row of
shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of
fields.
By hedgerow elms and hillocks green.
Milton.
Hedg"ing bill` (?). A hedge bill. See
under Hedge.
He*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. /, fr.
/ pleasure, / sweet, pleasant.] 1.
Pertaining to pleasure.
2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic
sect.
Hed`o*nis"tic (?), a. Same as
Hedonic, 2.
Heed (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Heeding.] [OE.
heden, AS. h/dan; akin to OS.
h/dian, D. hoeden, Fries.
hoda, OHG. huoten, G. h\'81ten,
Dan. hytte.///. Cf. Hood.]
To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend
to; to observe.
With pleasure Argus the musician heeds.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend,
v. t.
Heed, v. i. To mind; to consider.
Heed, n. 1. Attention; notice;
observation; regard; -- often with give or
take.
With wanton heed and giddy cunning.
Milton.
Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's
hand.
2 Sam. xx. 10.
Birds give more heed and mark words more than
beasts.
Bacon.
2. Careful consideration; obedient regard.
Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to
the things which we have heard.
Heb. ii. 1.
3. A look or expression of heading.
[R.]
He did it with a serious mind; a heed
Was in his countenance.
Shak.
Heed"ful (?), a. Full of heed;
regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive;
vigilant.
Shak.
-- Heed"ful*ly, adv. --
Heed"ful*ness, n.
Heed"less, a. Without heed or care;
inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant.
O, negligent and heedless discipline!
Shak.
The heedless lover does not know
Whose eyes they are that wound him so.
Waller.
-- Heed"less*ly, adv. --
Heed"less*ness, n.
Heed"y (?), a. Heedful.
[Obs.] \'bdHeedy shepherds.\'b8
Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly (#),
adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness,
n. [Obs.] Spenser.
Heel (?), v. i. [OE.
helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan,
hyldan; akin to Icel. halla, Dan.
helde, Sw. h\'84lla to tilt, pour, and
perh. to E. hill.] (Naut.) To
lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship
heels aport; the boat heeled over when the
squall struck it.
Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation
of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one
side or the other.
Heel, n. [OE. hele,
heele, AS. h, perh. for
h, fr. AS. h heel (cf.
Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries.
heila, h/la, Icel. h\'91ll,
Dan. h\'91l, Sw. h\'84l, and L.
calx. Inculcate.]
1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the
whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds.
He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed,
His winged heels and then his armed head.
Denham.
2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as
of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward
from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.
3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the
closing or concluding part. \'bdThe heel of a
hunt.\'b8 A. Trollope. \'bdThe heel of the
white loaf.\'b8 Sir W. Scott.
4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape;
a protuberance; a knob.
5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to
the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests;
especially: (a) (Naut.) The after
end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.)
The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the
sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a
small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing
position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost
part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt.
(e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle;
as, the heel of a scythe.
6. (Man.) Management by the heel,
especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the
heel well.
7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of
a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States,
specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set
sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by
workmen.
Gwilt.
Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing
from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. --
Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. --
Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See
Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring,
a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. --
Neck and heels, the whole body.
(Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of,
to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is
at my heels. Otway. -- To be
down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor
plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on
stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor
plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels.
See under Cool. -- To go heels over
head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost;
hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. --
To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To
lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison.
Shak. Addison. -- To show the
heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to
the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. --
To throw up another's heels, to trip him.
Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels,
to follow closely. Shak.
Heel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Heeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Heeling.] 1. To perform by the
use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like.
[R.]
I cannot sing,
Nor heel the high lavolt.
Shak.
2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a
shoe.
3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for
fighting.
Heel"ball` (?), n. A
composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for
polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.
Heel"er (?), n. 1. A
cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.
2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a
political patron. [Political Cant, U. S.]
The army of hungry heelers who do their
bidding.
The Century.
Heel"less, a. Without a heel.
Heel"piece` (?), n. 1.
A piece of armor to protect the heels.
Chesterfield.
2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a
shoe.
3. The end. \'bdThe heelpiece of
his book.\'b8
Lloyd.
Heel"post` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller
shaft.
2. (Carp.) The post to which a gate or
door is hinged.
3. (Engineering) The quoin post of a
lock gate.
Heel"spur` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A slender bony or cartilaginous
process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support
the wing membranes. See Illust. of
Cheiropter.
Heel"tap` (?), n. 1.
One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.
2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after
drinking. \'bdBumpers around and no
heeltaps.\'b8
Sheridan.
Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Heeltapped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Heeltapping.] To add a piece
of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)
Heel"tool` (?), n. A tool used
by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the
cutting end.
Heep (?), n. The hip of the
dog-rose. [Obs.]
Heer (?), n.[Etymol.
uncertain.] A yarn measure of six hundred yards or
/\'3c-- fr. 1/24--\'3e of a spindle. See
Spindle.
Heer, n. [See Hair.]
Hair. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
<-- p. 682 -->
Heft (?), n. Same as
Haft, n. [Obs.]
Waller.
Heft, n. [From Heave: cf.
hefe weight. Cf. Haft.] 1.
The act or effort of heaving/ violent strain or
exertion. [Obs.]
He craks his gorge, his sides,
With violent hefts.
Shak.
2. Weight; ponderousness.
[Colloq.]
A man of his age and heft.
T. Hughes.
3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as,
the heft of the crop was spoiled.
[Colloq. U. S.]
J. Pickering.
Heft, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hefted (Heft, obs.);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.]
1. To heave up; to raise aloft.
Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft.
Spenser.
2. To prove or try the weight of by raising.
[Colloq.]
Heft"y, a. Moderately heavy.
[Colloq. U. S.]
He*ge"li*an (?; 106), a.
Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n.
A follower of Hegel.
{ He*ge"li*an*ism (?), He"gel*ism
(?), } n. The system of logic and
philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer
(1770-1831).
{ Heg`e*mon"ic (?),
Heg`e*mon"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /. See Hegemony.] Leading;
controlling; ruling; predominant. \'bdPrincelike and
hegemonical.\'b8
Fotherby.
He*gem`o*ny (?), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / guide, leader, fr. / to go before.]
Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually
applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors
or confederates.
Lieber.
Heg"ge (?), n. A hedge.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
He*gi"ra (?; 277), n.
[Written also hejira.] [Ar.
hijrah flight.] The flight of Mohammed from
Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established
as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus
regarded as like that of Mohammed.
A. D. 622.
Heif"er (?), n. [OE.
hayfare, AS. he\'a0hfore,
he\'a0fore; the second part of this word seems akin to
AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G.
farre, D. vaars, heifer, G.
f\'84rse, and perh. to Gr. /, /, calf,
heifer.] (Zo\'94l.) A young cow.
Heigh"-ho (h,
interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy,
dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc.
Shak.
Height (?), n. [Written also
hight.] [OE. heighte,
heght, heighthe, AS.
he\'a0h/u, fr. heah high; akin to D.
hoogte, Sw. h\'94jd, Dan.
h\'94ide, Icel. h\'91/, Goth.
hauhipa. See High.] 1.
The condition of being high; elevated position.
Behold the height of the stars, how high they
are!
Job xxii. 12.
2. The distance to which anything rises above its
foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above
the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a
surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a
man; stature.
Bacon.
[Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span.
1 Sam. xvii. 4.
3. Degree of latitude either north or south.
[Obs.]
Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height
as Peru to the south.
Abp. Abbot.
4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or
mountain; as, Alpine heights.
Dryden.
5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in
power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank;
pre\'89minence or distinction in society; prominence.
Measure your mind's height by the shade it
casts.
R. Browning.
All would in his power hold, all make his subjects.
Chapman.
6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.
Social duties are carried to greater heights, and
enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our
religion.
Addison.
7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy
or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion,
of madness, of folly; the height of a
tempest.
My grief was at the height before thou camest.
Shak.
On height, aloud. [Obs.]
[He] spake these same words, all on hight.
Chaucer.
Height"en (h, v. t.
[Written also highten.]
[imp. & p. p. Heightened
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Heightening.] 1. To make high;
to raise higher; to elevate.
2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to
augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous;
-- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten
beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint.
\'bdTo heighten our confusion.\'b8
Addison.
An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to
the miraculous.
Hawthorne.
Height"en*er (?), n. [Written
also hightener.] One who, or that which,
heightens.
Hei"nous (?), a. [OF.
ha\'8bnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF.
ha\'8bne hate, F. haine, fr.
ha\'8br to hate; of German origin. See
Hate.] Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant;
odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to
deeds or to character.
It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege.
Hooker.
How heinous had the fact been, how deserving
Contempt!
Milton.
Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.
-- Hei"nous*ly, adv. --
Hei"nous*ness, n.
Heir (?), n. [OE.
heir, eir, hair, OF.
heir, eir, F. hoir, L.
heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary,
Heritage.] 1. One who inherits, or
is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after
the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or
property of another at the death of the latter.
I am my father's heir and only son.
Shak.
2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor
or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or
virtues.
And I his heir in misery alone.
Pope.
Heir apparent. (Law.) See under
Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who,
after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his
intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir
presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die
immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the
inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or
by some other contingency.
Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to
succeed to. [R.]
One only daughter heired the royal state.
Dryden.
Heir"dom (?), n. The state of
an heir; succession by inheritance.
Burke.
Heir"ess, n, A female heir.
Heir"less a. Destitute of an heir.
Shak.
Heir"loom` (?), n.
[Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of
implement, tool. See Loom the
frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel,
which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with
the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in
a family for several generations.
Woe to him whose daring hand profanes
The honored heirlooms of his ancestors.
Moir.
Heir"ship (?), n. The state,
character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.
Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables
which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate.
[Scot.]
He*ji"ra (?), n. See
Hegira.
Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram,
Hek"to*li`ter, Hek"to*me`ter,
n. Same as Hectare, Hectogram,
Hectoliter, and Hectometer.
Hek"to*graph (?), n. See
Hectograph.
\'d8Hel*a*mys (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / fawn + / mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Jumping hare, under Hare.
Hel"co*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. /
a wound + -plasty.] (Med.) The
act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by
a plastic operation.
Held (?), imp. & p. p. of
Hold.
Hele (?), n. [See
Heal, n.] Health; welfare.
[Obs.] \'bdIn joy and perfyt hele.\'b8
Chaucer.
Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin
to D. helen, OHG. helan, G.
hehlen, L. celare. Hell, and cf. Conceal.] To hide; to
cover; to roof. [Obs.]
Hide and hele things.
Chaucer.
Hel"e*na (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp.
helena.] See St. Elmo's fire,
under Saint.
Hel"e*nin (?), n. (Chem.)
A neutral organic substance found in the root of the
elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white
crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.
<-- used to induce interferon -- contains RNA -->
He"li*ac (?), a.
Heliacal.
He*li"a*cal (?), a. [Gr. /
belonging to the sun, fr. / the sun: cf. F.
h\'82liaque.] (Astron.) Emerging
from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting
at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun.
Sir T. Browne.
heliacal rising of a star is when,
after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it
emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before
sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a
star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render
the star invisible.
He*li"a*cal*ly, adv. In a heliacal
manner.
De Quincey.
He`li*an"thin (?), n. [Prob.
fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus,
sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.)
An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and
like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also
methyl orange.
He`li*an"thoid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Helianthoidea.
\'d8He`li*an"thoi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Anthozoa; the Actinaria.
Hel"i*cal (?), a. [From
Helix.] Of or pertaining to, or in the form
of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a
helical spring. --
Hel"i*cal*ly, adv.
\'d8Hel`i*chry"sum (/), n.
[L., the marigold, fr. Gr. / a kind of plant.]
(Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining,
commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated
involucres, which are often called \'bdeverlasting
flowers.\'b8
He*lic"i*form (?), a.
[Helix + -form.] Having the
form of a helix; spiral.
Hel"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.)
A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by
partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix
Helix of Linn\'91us.)
Hel"i*cine (?), a.
(Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp.
to certain arteries of the penis.
Hel"li*co*graph` (?), n.
[Helix + -graph.] An
instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.
Hel"i*coid (?), a. [Gr. /;
/, /, spiral + / shape: cf. F. h\'82lico\'8bde.
See Helix.]
1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve
shell.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like a snail shell;
pertaining to the Helicid\'91, or Snail family.
Helicoid parabola (Math.), the
parabolic spiral.
Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.) A
warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving
in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a
uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line,
and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.
Hel`i*coid"al (?), a. Same as
Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly,
adv.
Hel"i*con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] A mountain in B\'d2otia, in Greece, supposed by
the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.
From Helicon's harmonious springs
A thousand rills their mazy progress take.
Gray.
\'d8Hel`i*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL.
See Helicon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical
American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with
green, crimson, and white.
Hel`i*co"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Heliconius.] 1. Of or pertaining
to Helicon. \'bdHeliconian honey.\'b8
Tennyson.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
butterflies of the genus Heliconius.
\'d8Hel`i*co"tre"ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, a helix + / a hole.]
(Anat.) The opening by which the two scal\'91
communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.
He"li*o- (?). A combining form from Gr.
"h`lios the sun.
{ He`li*o*cen"tric (?),
He`li*o*cen"tric"al (?), } a.
[Helio- + centric,
centrical: cf. F. h\'82liocentrique.]
(Astron.) pertaining to the sun's center, or
appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as
a center; -- opposed to geocentrical.
Heliocentric parallax. See under
Parallax. -- Heliocentric place,
latitude, longitude, etc. (of a
heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the
body as viewed from the sun.
He"li*o*chrome (?), n.
[Helio- + Gr. / color.] A photograph
in colors.<-- now, just color photograph -->
R. Hunt.
He`li*o*chro"mic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.
He"li*o*chro`my (?), n. The art
of producing photographs in color.<-- color photography?
-->
He"li*o*graph (?), n.
[Helio- + -graph.]ets>
1. A picture taken by heliography; a
photograph.
2. An instrument for taking photographs of the
sun.
3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the
sun's rays. See Heliotrope, 3.
He`li*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by
heliography.
Heliographic chart. See under
Chart.
He`li*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Helio- + -graphy.]
Photography.
R. Hunt.
He`li*o*grav"ure (?), n. [F.
h\'82liogravure.] The process of
photographic engraving.
He`li*ol"a*ter (?), n.
[Helio- + Gr. / servant, worshiper.]
A worshiper of the sun.
He`li*ol"a*try (?), n.
[Helio- + Gr. / service, worship.]
Sun worship. See Sabianism.
He"li*o*lite (?), n.
[Helio- + -lite.]
(Paleon.) A fossil coral of the genus
Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in
the Silurian rocks.
He`li*om"e*ter (?), n.
[Helio- + -meter: cf. F.
h\'82liom\'8atre.] (Astron.) An
instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the
sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and
relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily
measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.
{ He`li*o*met"ric (?),
He`li*o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.
He`li*om"e*try (?), n. The
apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies,
their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer.
\'d8He`li*op"o*ra (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / the sun + / a passage, pore.]
(Zo\'94l.) An East Indian stony coral now known
to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also blue
coral.
He"li*o*scope (?), n.
[Helio- + -scope: cf. F.
h\'82lioscope.] (Astron.) A
telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the
eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect
but a small portion of light. --
He`li*o*scop`ic (#),
a.
He"li*o*stat (?), n.
[Helio- + Gr. / placed, standing, fr. / to
place, stand: cf. F. h\'82liostate.] An
instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a
sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed
to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a
geodetic heliotrope.
He"li*o*trope (?), n. [F.
h\'82liotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. /;
/ the sun + / to turn, / turn. See Heliacal,
Trope.] 1. (Anc. Astron.)
An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at
the tropics and equinoctial line.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Heliotropium; -- called also
turnsole and girasole.
H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with
fragrant flowers.
3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An
instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by
means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.
4. (Min.) See Bloodstone
(a).
Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple
color.
He"li*o*tro`per (?), n. The
person at a geodetic station who has charge of the
heliotrope.
He`li*o*trop"ic (?), a.
(Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward
the sun.
He`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n.
[Helio- + Gr. / to turn.]
(Bot.) The phenomenon of turning toward the
light, seen in many leaves and flowers.
He"li*o*type (?), n.
[Helio- + -type.] A picture
obtained by the process of heliotypy.
He`li*o*typ"ic (?), a. Relating
to, or obtained by, heliotypy.
He"li*o*ty`py (?), n. A method
of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened
gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by
lithography.
\'d8He`li*o*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the sun + / an animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods
having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating
pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.
Hel`i*spher"ic (?),
Hel`i*spher"ic*al (/), a.
[Helix + spheric,
spherical.] Spiral.
Helispherical line (Math.). the
rhomb line in navigation. [R.]
He"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/ the sun.] (Chem.) A gaseous element
found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare
minerals.<-- Symbol He, atomic number 2. A noble (or rare)
gas. -->
<-- p. 683 -->
He"lix (?), n.; pl. L.
Helices (#), E. Helixes
(#). [L. helix, Gr. /, /, fr.
/ to turn round; cf. L. volvere, and E.
volute, voluble.] 1.
(Geom.) A nonplane curve whose tangents are all
equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve
formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished
from the spiral, all the convolutions of which are in
the plane.
2. (Arch.) A caulicule or little volute
under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.
3. (Anat.) The incurved margin or rim of
the external ear. See Illust. of Ear.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of land snails,
including a large number of species.
Snail,
Pulmonifera.
Hell (?), n. [AS.
hell; akin to D. hel, OHG.
hella, G. h\'94lle, Icel. hal,
Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth.
halja, and to AS. helan to conceal.
///. Cf. Hele, v. t., Conceal,
Cell, Helmet, Hole,
Occult.]
1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death;
the grave; -- called in Hebrew sheol, and by the
Greeks hades.
He descended into hell.
Book of Common Prayer.
Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell.
Ps. xvi. 10.
2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked
after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental
torment; anguish. \'bdWithin him hell.\'b8
Milton.
It is a knell
That summons thee to heaven or to hell.
Shak.
3. A place where outcast persons or things are
gathered; as: (a) A dungeon or prison; also,
in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught
are carried for detention. (b) A gambling
house. \'bdA convenient little gambling hell for
those who had grown reckless.\'b8 W. Black. (c)
A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer
his broken type. Hudibras.
Gates of hell. (Script.) See
Gate, n., 4.
Hell, v. t. To overwhelm.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Hel`la*nod"ic (?), n. [Gr. /;
/, /, a Greek + / right, judgment.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A judge or umpire in games or combats.
Hell"bend`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large North American aquatic
salamander (Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma
Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious of
life. Also called alligator, and
water dog.
Hell"born` (?), a. Born in or
of hell.
Shak.
Hell`bred` (?), a. Produced in
hell.
Spenser.
Hell"brewed` (?), a. Prepared
in hell.
Milton.
Hell"broth` (?), n. A
composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation.
Shak.
Hell"-cat ` (?), n. A witch; a
hag.
Middleton.
Hell`-div`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The dabchick.
Hell`doomed` (?), a. Doomed to
hell.
Milton.
Hel"le*bore (?), n. [L.
helleborus, elleborus, Gr. /, /; cf. F.
hell\'82bore, ell\'82bore.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs
(Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having
powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H.
niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose,
blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H.
officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the
ancients.
2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species
of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially
V. album and V. viride, both called
white hellebore.
Hel`le*bo"re*in (?), n.
(Chem.) A poisonous glucoside accompanying
helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a
white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a
strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.
Hel*leb"o*rin (? , n.
(Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in several
species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline
substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential
virtues of the plant; -- called also
elleborin.
Hel"le*bo*rism (?), n. The
practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.
Hel"lene (?), n. [Gr.
/.] A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a
Greek.
Brewer.
Hel*le"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.
Hel*len"ic (?; 277), a. [Gr.
/, /, fr. / the Greeks.] Of or pertaining to the
Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. \'bdThe
Hellenic forces.\'b8
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Hel*len"ic, n. The dialect, formed with
slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek
writers after the time of Alexander.
Hel"len*ism (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. Hell\'82nisme.] 1. A phrase
or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or
idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism.
Addison.
2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who
aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in
human well-being and perfection.
Hel"len*ist (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. Hell\'82niste.] 1. One who
affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person
of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother
tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt;
distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi.
1).
2. One skilled in the Greek language and
literature; as, the critical Hellenist.
{ Hel`le*nis"tic (?),
Hel`le*nis"tic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. Hell\'82nistique.] Pertaining
to the Hellenists.
Hellenistic language, dialect, , the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who
lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the
Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.
Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. According to
the Hellenistic manner or dialect.
J. Gregory.
Hel"len*ize (?), v. i. [Gr.
/.] To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to
Grecize.
Hel"len*ize (?), v. t. [Gr.
/.] To give a Greek form or character to; to
Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word.
Hel*len"o*type (?), n. See
Ivorytype.
Hel"les*pont (?), n. [L.
Hellespontus, Gr. /; / the mythological Helle,
daughter of Athamas + / sea.] A narrow strait
between Europe and Asia, now called the
Daradanelles. It connects the \'92gean Sea and
the sea of Marmora.
Hel`les*pon"tine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Hellespont.
Mitford.
{ Hell"ga*mite (?), Hell"gra*mite
(?), } n. (Zo\'94l.)
The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect
(Corydalus cornutus), much used a fish bait by
anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.
Hell"hag` (?), n. A hag of or
fit for hell.
Bp. Richardson.
Hell"-haunt`ed (/), a.
Haunted by devils; hellish.
Dryden.
Hell"hound` (?), n. [AS.
hellehund.] A dog of hell; an agent of
hell.
A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death.
Shak.
Hel"li*er (?), n. [See
Hele, v. t.] One who heles or
covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher.
[Obs.] [Written also
heler.]
Usher.
Hell"ish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked;
detestable; diabolical. \'bdHellish hate.\'b8
Milton. -- Hell"ish*ly,
adv. -- Hell"ish*ness,
n.
Hell"kite` (?), n. A kite of
infernal breed.
Shak.
Hel*lo" (?), interj. & n. See
Halloo.
Hell"ward (?), adv. Toward
hell.
Pope.
Hell"y, a. [AS.
hell\'c6c.] Hellish.
Anderson (1573).
Helm (?), n. See
Haulm, straw.
Helm (?), n. [OE.
helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G.
helm, Icel. hj\'belm, and perh. to E.
helve.]
1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship
is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly
used of the tiller or wheel alone.
2. The place or office of direction or
administration. \'bdThe helm of the
Commonwealth.\'b8
Melmoth.
3. One at the place of direction or control; a
steersman; hence, a guide; a director.
The helms o' the State, who care for you like
fathers.
Shak.
4. [Cf. Helve.] A helve.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and
keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport,
when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the
ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is
borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee,
Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne
over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm
hard alee hard aport, hard
astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over
to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round
hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock
passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. --
Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the
helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to
lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the
helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm,
to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm,
to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the
opposite side of the vessel.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Helm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Helmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Helming.] To steer; to guide; to
direct. [R.]
The business he hath helmed.
Shak.
A wild wave . . . overbears the bark,
And him that helms it.
Tennyson.
Helm, n. [AS. See
Helmet.] 1. A helmet.
[Poetic]
2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a
mountain. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Helm, v. t. To cover or furnish with a
helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past
part. or part. adj.]
She that helmed was in starke stours.
Chaucer.
Helm"age (?), n. Guidance;
direction. [R.]
Helm"ed (?), a. Covered with a
helmet.
The helmed cherubim
Are seen in glittering ranks.
Milton.
Hel"met (?), n. [OF.
helmet, a dim of helme, F.
heaume; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. helm,
akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm,
helmet, Icel. hj\'belmr, Sw.
hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms;
and prob. from the root of AS. helan to hide, to hele;
cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr.
\'87arman protection. Hele,
Hell, Helm a helmet.] 1.
(Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See
Casque, Headpiece, Morion,
Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver.
2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet
over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by
modifications of form.
3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal,
or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of
soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a
protection from the heat of the sun.
4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position,
etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper
part of a retort. Boyle. (b)
(Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of
some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon.
(c) (Zo\'94l.) A naked shield or
protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird.
Helmet beetle (Zo\'94l.), a
leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91,
having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are
known. -- Helmet shell (Zo\'94l.),
one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells
belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them
are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos,
and hence are called cameo shells. See
King conch. -- Helmet shrike
(Zo\'94l.), an African wood shrike of the genus
Prionodon, having a large crest.
Hel`met*ed (?), a. Wearing a
helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part;
galeate.
Hel"met-shaped` (/), a.
Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of
Galeate.
Hel"minth (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a worm.] (Zo\'94l.) An intestinal
worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the
Helminthes.
Hel*min"tha*gogue (?), n. [Gr.
/ a worm + / to drive.] (Med.) A
vermifuge.
\'d8Hel*min"thes (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, a worm.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal
kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species,
most of which are parasitic. Called also
Enthelminthes,
Enthelmintha.
Plathelminthes, and
Nemathelminthes.
\'d8Hel`min*thi"a*sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / to suffer from worms, fr. /, /, a
worm.] (Med.) A disease in which worms are
present in some part of the body.
Hel*min"thic (?), a. [Cf. F.
helminthique.] Of or relating to worms, or
Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n. A
vermifuge; an anthelmintic.
Hel*min"thite (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a worm.] (Geol.) One of the sinuous
tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered
as worm trails.
Hel*min"thoid (?), a. [Gr. /,
/, a worm + -oid.] Wormlike;
vermiform.
{ Hel*min`tho*log"ic (?),
Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, } a. [Cf.
F. helminthologique.] Of or pertaining to
helminthology.
Hel`min*thol"o*gist (?), n.
[Cf. F. helminthologiste.] One versed
in helminthology.
Hel`min*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, a worm + -logy: cf. F.
helminthologie.] The natural history, or
study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.
Helm"less (?), a. 1.
Destitute of a helmet.
2. Without a helm or rudder.
Carlyle.
Helms"man (?), n.; pl.
Helmsmen (/). The man at the
helm; a steersman.
Helm"wind` (?), n. A wind
attending or presaged by the cloud called helm.
[Prov. Eng.]
He"lot (?; 277), n. [L.
Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr.
E'e`lws and E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of
the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a town of Laconia,
whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to
e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of
/.] A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf;
hence, a slave or serf.
Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or
less numerous in every community.
I. Taylor.
He"lot*ism (?), n. The
condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.
He"lot*ry (?), n. The Helots,
collectively; slaves; bondsmen. \'bdThe Helotry
of Mammon.\'b8
Macaulay.
Help (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Helped (?)
(Obs. imp. Holp (/),
p. p. Holpen (/); p. pr. &
vb. n. Helping.] [AS.
helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D.
helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan,
Icel. hj\'belpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan.
hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith.
szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.]
1. To furnish with strength or means for the
successful performance of any action or the attainment of any
object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his
work; to help one to remember; -- the following
infinitive is commonly used without to; as,
\'bdHelp me scale yon balcony.\'b8
Longfellow.
2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from
trouble; as, to help one in distress; to
help one out of prison. \'bdGod
help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!\'b8
Shak.
3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease;
to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a
word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a
word for the direct object. \'bdTo help him of
his blindness.\'b8
<-- now, in is used for that function; -- "to help him
in his misery" -->
Shak.
The true calamus helps coughs.
Gerarde.
<-- p. 684 -->
4. To change for the better; to remedy.
Cease to lament for what thou canst not help.
Shak.
5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches,
and who can help it?
Swift.
6. To forbear; to avoid.
I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt
him and our author.
Pope.
<-- often used with "but" -->
7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving
and passing food.
To help forward, to assist in advancing.
-- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as
time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help
on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help
out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to
aid in completing a design or task.
The god of learning and of light
Would want a god himself to help him
out.
Swift.
-- To help over, to enable to surmount; as,
to help one over an obstacle. --
To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as,
to help one to soup. -- To help
up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as
after a fall, and the like. \'bdA man is well holp up
that trusts to you.\'b8 Shak.
Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support;
sustain; befriend. -- To Help,
Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea
of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties.
Help turns attention especially to the source of
relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he
who helps me out does it by an act of his own.
Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes
co\'94peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he
aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the
aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist
has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who
\'bdstands by\'b8 in order to relieve. It denotes both
help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who
is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the
stairs by my assistance. When help is used
as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the
source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with
aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the
help of my friend.
Help (?), v. i. To lend aid or
assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of
use; to assist.
A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an
agreeable person.
Garth.
To help out, to lend aid; to bring a
supply.
Help, n. [AS. help; akin to
D. hulp, G. h\'81lfe, hilfe,
Icel. hj\'belp, Sw. hjelp, Dan.
hielp. See Help, v. t.]
1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an
object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also,
the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a
help of fifty dollars.
Give us help from trouble, for vain is the
help of man.
Ps. lx. 11.
God is . . . a very present help in trouble.
Ps. xlvi. 1.
Virtue is a friend and a help to nature.
South.
2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no
help for it.
3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew
hole force of hired helpers in any business.
4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or
woman. [Local, U. S.]
Help"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay
helper in a parish.
Thou art the helper of the fatherless.
Ps. x. 14.
Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils.
Dr. H. More.
Help"ful (?), a. Furnishing
help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.
Heavens make our presence and our practices
Pleasant and helpful to him!
Shak.
-- Help"ful*ly, adv. --
Help"ful*ness, n.
Milton.
Help"less, a. 1. Destitute of
help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing
help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant.
How shall I then your helpless fame defend?
Pope.
2. Beyond help; irremediable.
Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of
mind or body.
Milton.
3. Bringing no help; unaiding.
[Obs.]
Yet since the gods have been
Helpless foreseers of my plagues.
Chapman.
4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with
of. [R.]
Helpless of all that human wants require.
Dryden.
-- Help"less*ly, adv. --
Help"less*ness, n.
Help"mate` (?), n. [A
corruption of the \'bdhelp meet for him\'b8 of
Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.] A
helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.
In Minorca the ass and the hog are common
helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up
the land.
Pennant.
A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable
helpmate for a parson.
Macaulay.
Help"meet` (?), n. [See
Helpmate.] A wife; a helpmate.
The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his
finding the want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep,
and took one of his ribs and thence made woman.
J. H. Newman.
Hel"ter-skel"ter (?), adv. [An
onomat/poetic word. Cf. G. holter-polter, D.
holder de bolder.] In hurry and confusion;
without definite purpose; irregularly.
[Colloq.]
Helter-skelter have I rode to thee.
Shak.
A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the
roof.
J. C. Harris.
Helve (?), n. [OE.
helve, helfe, AS. hielf,
helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and
also E. halter, helm of a rudder.]
1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.
2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever
at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer.
(b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting
on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.
Helve, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Helved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Helving.] To furnish with a helve, as
an ax.
Hel*ve"tian (?), a. Same as
Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a
Switzer.
Hel*ve"tic (?), a. [L.
Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the
Helvetii.] Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the
ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern
states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the
Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic
states.
{ Hel"vine (?), Hel"vite
(?), } n. [L. helvus of
a light bay color.] (Min.) A mineral of a
yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina,
manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.
Hem (?), pron. [OE., fr. AS.
him, heom, dative pl. of. h/
he. See He, They.] Them
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hem, interj. An onomatopoetic word used
as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of
voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be
better expressed by hm.
Cough or cry hem, if anybody come.
Shak.
Hem, n. An utterance or sound of the
voice, hem or hm, often indicative of
hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.
\'bdHis morning hems.\'b8
Spectator.
Hem, v. i. [///. See Hem,
interj.] To make the sound expressed by the
word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking.
\'bdHem, and stroke thy beard.\'b8
Shak.
Hem, n. [AS. hem, border,
margin; cf. Fries. h\'84mel, Prov. G.
hammel hem of mire or dirt.] 1.
The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and
sewed, to strengthen raveling.
2. Border; edge; margin. \'bdHem
of the sea.\'b8
Shak.
3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling
over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp
edge.
Hem, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hemming.] 1. To form a hem or
border to; to fold and sew down the edge of.
Wordsworth.
2. To border; to edge
All the skirt about
Was hemmed with golden fringe.
Spenser.
To hem about, around, in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to
environ. \'bdWith valiant squadrons round about to
hem.\'b8 Fairfax. \'bdHemmed in to be a
spoil to tyranny.\'b8 Daniel. -- To hem out,
to shut out. \'bdYou can not hem me
out of London.\'b8 J. Webster.
Hem"a- (?). Same as
H\'91ma-.
Hem"a*chate (?), n. [L.
haemachates; Gr. / blood + / agate.]
(Min.) A species of agate, sprinkled with spots
of red jasper.
Hem"a*chrome (?), n. Same as
H\'91machrome.
Hem"a*cite (?), n. [Gr.
a"i^ma blood.] A composition made from
blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for
making buttons, door knobs, etc.
{ Hem`a*drom"e*ter (?),
Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter (?), } n.
[Hema- + Gr. / course +
-meter.] (Physiol.) An
instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves
in the arteries.<-- now hemodromometer -->
{ Hem`a*drom`e*try (?),
Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), } n.
(Physiol.) The act of measuring the velocity with
which the blood circulates in the arteries;
h\'91motachometry.
He`ma*dy*nam"ics (?), n.
[Hema- + dynamics.]
(Physiol.) The principles of dynamics in their
application to the blood; that part of science which treats of
the motion of the blood.
He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter (?), n.
[Hema- + dynamometr.]
(Physiol.) An instrument by which the pressure of
the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to
which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a
h\'91momanometer.
He"mal (?), a. [Gr.
a"i^ma blood.] Relating to the blood or
blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on
the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to
neural.
hemal is the
same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels
being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the
dorsal, side of the vertebral column.
Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral
arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral
processes or ribs.
Hem`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. Same as
H\'91maph\'91in.
\'d8Hem`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.;
pl. Hemapophyses . [NL. See
H\'91ma-, and Apophysis.]
(Anat.) The second element in each half of a
hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib.
Owen. -- Hem`a*po*phys"i*al
(#), a.
{ Hem`a*stat"ic (?),
Hem`a*stat"ic*al (?), } a. &
n. Same as Hemostatic.
Hem`a*stat"ics (?), n.
(Physiol.) Laws relating to the equilibrium of
the blood in the blood vessels.
Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n.
Same as H\'91matachometer.
Hem`a*te"in (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, blood.] (Chem.) A reddish brown or
violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from
hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to
the phthaleins.
\'d8Hem`a*tem"e*sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood
+ / a vomiting, fr. / to vomit.] (Med.)
A vomiting of blood.
Hem"a*therm (?), n. [Gr.
a"i^ma blood + / warm.] (Zo\'94l.)
A warm-blooded animal. [R.]
Hem`a*ther"mal (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Warm-blooded; hematothermal.
[R]
He*mat"ic (?), a. Same as
H\'91matic.
He*mat"ic, n. (Med.) A
medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.
Hem"a*tin (?), n. [Gr.
a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]
1. Hematoxylin.
2. (Physiol. Chem.) A bluish black,
amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It
exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the
form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red
color.
Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Hematin + -meter.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A form of
hemoglobinometer.
Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric (?), a.
(Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of the
amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other
fluids.
He*mat"i*non (?), n. [Gr.
a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] A red
consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper
and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.
Hem"a*tite (?), n. [L.
haematites, Gr. / bloodlike, fr. a"i^ma,
a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.) An
important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the
red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral
crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red
ocher. Called also specular iron,
oligist iron, rhombohedral iron
ore, and bloodstone. See Brown
hematite, under Brown.
Hem`a*tit"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.
Hem"a*to (?). See H\'91ma-.
He*mat"o*cele (?), n.
[Hemato- + Gr. / tumor: cf. F.
h\'82matoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A
tumor filled with blood.
\'d8Hem`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood
+ kry`os cold.] (Zo\'94l.) The
cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds;
-- the antithesis to Hematotherma.
Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin (?), n.
[Hemato + crystalline.]
(Physiol.) See Hemoglobin.
Hem"a*toid (?), a.
[Hemato- + -oid.]
(Physiol.) Resembling blood.
Hem`a*toid"in (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from
iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old
hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in
the corpora lutea it is called
h\'91molutein.
Hem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Hemato- + -logy.] The
science which treats of the blood.
\'d8Hem`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL.
See Hema-, and -oma.] (Med.)
A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood
beneath the skin.
\'d8Hem`a*to*phil"i*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood
+ / to love.] (Med.) A condition
characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable
hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.<-- = hemophilia -->
Hem`a*to"sin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) The hematin of blood. [R.]
\'d8Hem`a*to"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.)
(a) Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into
blood. (b) The arterialization of the blood
in the lungs; the formation of blood in general;
h\'91matogenesis.
\'d8Hem`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos,
blood + thermo`s warm.] (Zo\'94l.)
The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and
birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.
Hem"a*to*ther"mal (?), a.
Warm-blooded.
Hem`a*tox"y*lin (?), n.
H\'91matoxylin.
\'d8Hem`a*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.)
Passage of urine mingled with blood.
Hem`au*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
(Physiol.) The obtaining of a curve similar to a
pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided
artery to strike against a piece of paper.
{ \'d8Hem*el"y*tron (? ,
\'d8Hem*el"y*trum (-trElytron,
277), }, n.; pl. Hemelytra
(/). [NL. See Hemi, and
Elytron.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many
Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.
\'d8Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, the opposite of /; / day + / of
/. See Nyctalopia.] (Med.) A
disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see
clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial
light; day sight.
i. e., day blindness. See
Nyctalopia.
Hem`er*o"bi*an (?), n. [Gr. /
day + / life.] (Zo\'94l.) A neuropterous
insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied
genera.
He*mer"o*bid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of relating to the hemerobians.
\'d8Hem`e*ro*cal"lis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / day + / beauty.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which
are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily.
Hem"i- (?). [Gr. "hmi-. See
Semi-.] A prefix signifying
half.
Hem`i*al*bu"min (?), n.
[Hemi- + albumin.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Hemialbumose.
Hem`i*al"bu"mose` (?), n.
[Hemi- + albumose.]
(Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous substance formed
in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids
on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called
also hemialbumin.
\'d8Hem`i*an`\'91s*the"si*a (?), n.
[Hemi- + an\'91sthesia.]
(Med.) An\'91sthesia upon one side of the
body.
\'d8Hem`i*bran"chi (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having an
incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the
sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.
\'d8Hem`i*car"di*a (?), n. [NL.
See Hemi-, and Cardia.]
(Anat.) A lateral half of the heart, either the
right or left.
B. G. Wilder.
Hem`i*carp (?), n.
[Hemi- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into
halves.
\'d8Hem`i*cer"e*brum (?), n.
[Hemi- + cerebrum.]
(Anat.) A lateral half of the cerebrum.
Wilder.
Hem`i*col"lin (?), n.
[Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) See Semiglutin.
\'d8Hem`i*cra"ni*a (?), n. [L.:
cf. F. h\'82micr\'83nie. See Cranium, and
Megrim.] (Med.) A pain that
affects only one side of the head.
Hem"i*cra`ny (?), n.
(Med.) Hemicranis.
Hem"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L.
hemicyclus, Gr. /; / + /.] 1.
A half circle; a semicircle.
<-- p. 685 -->
2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena,
or room, or part of a room.
The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle
of the central pavilion.
London Academy.
Hem`i*dac"tyl (?), n. [See
Hemi-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus
Hemidactylus. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with
two rows of plates beneath.
Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver (?), n.
[Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.]
(Mus.) A short note, equal to one fourth of a
semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note.
Hem`i*di"tone (?), n.
[Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr.
Mus.) The lesser third.
Busby.
He*mig"a*mous (?), a.
[Hemi- + Gr. / marriage.]
(Bot.) Having one of the two florets in the same
spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female;
-- said of grasses.
Hem"i*glyph (?), n.
[Hemi- + Gr. / a carving.]
(Arch.) The half channel or groove in the edge of
the triglyph in the Doric order.
Hem`i*he"dral (?), a.
[Hemi- + Gr. / seat, base, fr. / to
sit.] (Crystallog.) Having half of the
similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half
the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has
planes only on half of its eight solid angles, or one
plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a
tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it
being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron.
-- Hem`i*he"dral*ly,
adv.
Hem`i*he"drism (?), n.
(Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing
hemihedrally.
Hem`i*he"dron (?), n.
(Crystallog.) A solid hemihedrally derived. The
tetrahedron is a hemihedron.
Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral (?), a.
[Hemi- + holohedral.]
(Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in
which half the sectants have the full number of planes.
Hem`i*mel*lit"ic (?), a.
[Hemi- + mellitic.]
(Chem.) Having half as many
(three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid;
-- said of an organic acid.
\'d8Hem`i*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.]
(Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have an incomplete
metamorphosis.
Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having an incomplete metamorphosis,
the larv\'91 differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings,
as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches.
Hem`i*mor"phic (?), a.
[Hemi- + Gr. / form.]
(Crystallog.) Having the two ends modified with
unlike planes; -- said of a crystal.
He"min (?), n. [Gr. /
blood.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, in
the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals,
formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and
common salt; -- called also Teichmann's crystals.
Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin.
\'d8He*mi"na (?), n.; pl.
Hemin\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr.
/.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure
of half a sextary.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Med.) A measure equal to about ten
fluid ounces.
\'d8He*mi"o*nus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a half ass, a mule.] (Zo\'94l.)
A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang.
Darwin.
{ \'d8Hem`i*o"pi*a (?),
Hem`i*op"si*a (?), } n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / half + Gr. / sight.]
(Med.) A defect of vision in consequence of which
a person sees but half of an object looked at.
Hem`i*or"tho*type (?), a.
[Hemi- + Gr. / straight +
-type.] Same as Monoclinic.
Hem`i*pep"tone (?), n.
[Hemi- + peptone.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A product of the gastric and
pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.
Peptone. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin
by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid.
\'d8Hem`i*ple"gi*a (?), n.[NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / half + / a stroke; cf. F.
h\'82miplagie.] (Med.) A palsy
that affects one side only of the body. --
Hem`i"pleg"ic (#),
a.
Hem"i*ple`gy (?), n.
(Med.) Hemiplegia.
Hem"i*pode (?), n.
[Hemi- + Gr. /, /, foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus
Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and
Australia.
Hem`i*pro"te*in (?), n.
[Hemi- + protein.]
(Physiol. Chem.) An insoluble, proteid substance,
described by Sch\'81tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for
some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical
with antialbumid and dyspeptone.
He*mip"ter (?), n. [Cf. F.
h\'82mipt\'8ares, pl.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Hemiptera.
\'d8He*mip"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / half + / wing, fr. / to fly.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of hexapod insects having a
jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and
maxill\'91), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera)
the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the
others.
Heteroptera,
including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the
Homoptera, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant
lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera, including
the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the
Pediculina or true lice.
{ He*mip"ter*al (?),
He*mip"ter*ous (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Hemiptera.
He*mip"ter*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera; an
hemipter.
Hem`i*sect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Hemisecting.]
[Hemi- + L. secare to cut.]
(Anat.) To divide along the mesial plane.
Hem`i*sec"tion (?), n.
(Anat.) A division along the mesial plane; also,
one of the parts so divided.
Hem"i*sphere (?), n. [L.
hemisphaerium, Gr. /; / half = / sphere: cf. F.
h\'82misph\'8are. See Hemi-, and
Sphere.] 1. A half sphere; one half
of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its
center.
2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection
of the same in a map or picture.
3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere.
He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere.
J. P. Peters.ten
Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See
Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres
(Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when
placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by
an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So
called because invented by Otto von Guericke at
Magdeburg.
{ Hem`i*spher"ic (?),
Hem`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. h\'82misph\'82rique.]
Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a
hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical
body.
Hem`i*sphe"roid (?), n.
[Hemi- + spheroid.] A half
of a spheroid.
Hem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a.
Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.
Hem`i*spher"ule (?), n. A half
spherule.
Hem"i*stich (?; 277), n. [L.
hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion;
"hmi- half + sti`chos row, line, verse: cf.
F. h\'82mistiche.] Half a poetic verse or
line, or a verse or line not completed.
He*mis"ti*chal (?), a.
Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or
according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division
of a verse.
Hem`i*sys"to*le (?), n.
(Physiol.) Contraction of only one ventricle of
the heart.
Hemisystole is noticed in rare cases of
insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at
times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this
condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle
alone; hence, intermittent hemisystole.
Hem"i*tone (?), n. [L.
hemitonium, Gr. /.] See
Semitone.
{ He*mit"ro*pal (?),
He*mit"ro*pous (?), } a.
[See Hemitrope.] 1. Turned half
round; half inverted.
2. (Bot.) Having the raphe terminating
about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous;
-- said of an ovule.
Gray.
Hem"i*trope (?), a.
[Hemi- + Gr. / to turn: cf. F.
h\'82mitrope.] Half turned round; half
inverted; (Crystallog.) having a twinned
structure.
Hem"i*trope, n. That which is hemitropal
in construction; (Crystallog.) a twin crystal having a
hemitropal structure.
He*mit"ro*py (?), n.
(Crystallog.) Twin composition in crystals.
Hem"lock (?), n. [OE.
hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic,
hymlic.] 1. (Bot.) The
name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut
leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta
maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and
the Conium maculatum. See Conium.
hemlock administered to
Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of
Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, by others,
of Conium maculatum.
2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in
North America (Abies, ); hemlock
spruce.
The murmuring pines and the hemlocks.
Longfellow.
3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.
Ground hemlock, Dwarf
hemlock. See under Ground.
Hem"mel (?), n. [Scot.
hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble
hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven,
canopy, G. himmel; cf. E. heaven.
///.] A shed or hovel for cattle.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Hem"mer (?), n. One who, or
that which, hems with a needle. Specifically: (a)
An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the
edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it
down. (b) A tool for turning over the edge of
sheet metal to make a hem.
Hem"o- (?). Same as H\'91ma-,
H\'91mo-.
Hem"o*glo"bin (?), n.
[Hemo- + globe.]
(Physiol.) The normal coloring matter of the red
blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin
and globulin, and is also called
h\'91matoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is
always combined with oxygen, and is then called
oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different
forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called
h\'91matocrystallin. See Blood
crystal, under Blood.
Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter (?), n.
(Physiol. Chem.) Same as
H\'91mochromometer.
\'d8Hem`o*phil"i*a (?), n. See
Hematophilia.
He*mop"ty*sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / blood + / to spit: cf. F.
h\'82moptysie.] (Med.) The
expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous
membrane of the lungs.
Hem"or*rhage (?), n. [L.
haemorrhagia, Gr. /; / blood + / to break,
burst: cf. F. h\'82morriage,
h\'82morrhagie.] (Med.) Any
discharge of blood from the blood vessels.
Hem`or*rhag"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/: cf. F. h\'82morrhagique.] Pertaining
or tending to a flux o/ blood; consisting in, or accompanied
by, hemorrhage.
Hem`or*rhoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F.
h\'82morro\'8bdal,
h\'82morrho\'8bdal.] 1. Of or
pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal arteries,
veins, and nerves.
Hem"or*rhoids (?), n. pl. [L.
haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. /, sing., / (sc. /),
pl., veins liable to discharge blood, hemorrhoids, fr. /
flowing with blood; / blood + / to flow: cf. F.
h\'82morro\'8bdes, h\'82morrho\'8bdes. See
Rheum.] (Med.) Livid and painful
swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the
margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is
occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. [The sing.
hemorrhoid is rarely used.]
Hem`o*stat"ic (?), a.
[Hemo- + Gr. / causing to stand, fr. / to
stand.]ets>
1. (Med.) Of or relating to stagnation
of the blood.
2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.
Hem`o*stat"ic, n. A medicine or
application to arrest hemorrhage.
Hemo"o*tho"rax (?), n. [NL. See
Hemo-, and Thorax.] (Med.)
An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.
Hemp (?), n. [OE.
hemp, AS. henep, h\'91nep; akin
to D. hennep, OHG. hanaf, G.
hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp,
Sw. hampa, L. cannabis,
cannabum, Gr. /, /; cf. Russ. conoplia,
Skr. /a/a; all prob. borrowed from some other
language at an early time. Cf. Cannabine,
Canvas.] 1. (Bot.) A
plant of the genus Cannabis (C. sativa),
the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and
cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants
yielding fiber.
2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant,
prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various
fibers resembling the true hemp.
African hemp, Bowstring
hemp. See under African, and
Bowstring. -- Bastard hemp, the
Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina. -- Canada
hemp, a species of dogbane (Apocynum
cannabinum), the fiber of which was used by the
Indians. -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse,
composite herb of Europe (Eupatorium cannabinum), much
like the American boneset. -- Hemp nettle, a
plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit),
belonging to the Mint family. -- Indian hemp.
See under Indian, a. -- Manila
hemp, the fiber of Musa textilis. --
Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave
sisalana, of Mexico and Yucatan. -- Sunn
hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant
(Crotalaria juncea). -- Water hemp,
an annual American weed (Acnida cannabina),
related to the amaranth.
Hemp"en (?), a. 1.
Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord.
2. Like hemp. \'bdBeat into a
hempen state.\'b8
Cook.
Hemp"y (?), a. Like hemp.
[R.]
Howell.
Hem*self" (?), Hem*selve"
(/), Hem*selv"en (/),
pron. pl. [See Hem,
pron.] Themselves; -- used
reflexively. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hem"stitch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hemstitched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hemstitching.] [Hem +
stitch.] To ornament at the head of a broad
hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the
cross threads in successive small clusters; as, to
hemstitch a handkerchief.
Hem"stitched (?), a. Having a
broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of
open work; as, a hemistitched
handkerchief.
He"muse (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The roebuck in its third year.
[Prov. Eng.]
Hen (?), n. [AS.
henn, hen, h\'91n; akin to D.
hen, OHG. henna, G. henne,
Icel. h/na, Dan. h\'94na; the
fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock, D.
haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel.
hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin to L.
canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf.
Chanticleer.] (Zo\'94l.) The
female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse,
pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen;
the gray hen.
hen canary, hen eagle,
hen turkey, peahen.
Hen clam. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or
surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A
California clam of the genus Pachydesma. --
Hen driver. See Hen harrier
(below). -- Hen harrier (Zo\'94l.),
a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and
America; -- called also dove hawk,
henharm, henharrow,
hen driver, and usually, in America,
marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. --
Hen hawk (Zo\'94l.), one of several
species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American
red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered
hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk.
Hen"bane` (?), n.
[Hen + bane.] (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H.
niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the
leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is
poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also,
stinking nightshade, from the fetid odor of
the plant. See Hyoscyamus.
Hen"bit` (?), n. (Bot.)
A weed of the genus Lamium (L.
amplexicaule) with deeply crenate leaves.
Hence (?), adv. [OE.
hennes, hens (the s is prop. a
genitive ending; cf. -wards), also hen,
henne, hennen, heonnen,
heonene, AS. heonan, heonon,
heona, hine; akin to OHG.
hinn\'ben, G. hinnen, OHG. hina,
G. hin; all from the root of E. he. See
He.] 1. From this place; away.
\'bdOr that we hence wend.\'b8
Chaucer.
Arise, let us go hence.
John xiv. 31.
I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles.
Acts xxii. 21.
2. From this time; in the future; as, a week
hence. \'bdHalf an hour hence.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 686 -->
3. From this reason; as an inference or
deduction.
Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear
of the Lord the beginning of wisdom.
Tillotson.
4. From this source or origin.
All other faces borrowed hence
Their light and grace.
Suckling.
Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not
hence, even of your lusts?
James. iv. 1.
Hence is used, elliptically and
imperatively, for go hence; depart hence;
away; be gone. \'bdHence with
your little ones.\'b8 Shak. -- From hence,
though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good
writers.<-- raus! -->
An ancient author prophesied from hence.
Dryden.
Expelled from hence into a world
Of woe and sorrow.
Milton.
Hence (?), v. t. To send
away. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Hence`forth" (?), adv. From
this time forward; henceforward.
I never from thy side henceforth to stray.
Milton.
Hence`for"ward (?), adv. From
this time forward; henceforth.
Hench"boy` (?), n. A page; a
servant. [Obs.]
Hench"man (?), n.; pl.
-men (#). [OE.
hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE. & AS.
hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a
groom. AS. hengest is akin to D. & G.
hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse,
gelding.] An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now
chiefly used as a political cant term.
Hen"coop` (?), n. A coop or
cage for hens.
Hende (?), a. [OE., near,
handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr. hand
hand. See Handy.] 1. Skillful;
dexterous; clever. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hen*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. /
eleven + / angle: cf. F. hend\'82cagone.]
(Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven
angles. [Written also endecagon.]
Hen"de*cane (?), n. [Gr.
"e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A
hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; --
so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule.
Called also endecane,
undecane.
Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.
Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n.
[L. hendecasyllabus, Gr. / eleven-syllabled;
/ eleven + / syllable: cf. F.
hend\'82casyllabe.] A metrical line of
eleven syllables.
J. Warton.
Hen*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [See
Hendecane.] (Chem.) Undecylic;
pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as,
hendecatoic acid.
Hen*di"a*dys (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / / / one by two.] (Gram.) A
figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by
and, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective;
as, we drink from cups and gold, for golden
cups.
Hen"dy (?), a. [Obs.]
See Hende.
Hen"en (?), adv. Hence.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hen"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish; the sea
bream. (b) A young bib. See Bib,
n., 2.
Heng (?), obs. imp.
of Hang. Hung.
Chaucer.
Hen"-heart`ed (?), a. Cowardly;
timid; chicken-hearted.
Udall.
Hen"house` (?), n.; pl.
Henhouses. A house or shelter for
fowls.
Hen"hus`sy (?), n. A cotquean;
a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.
He*ni"quen (?), n. See
Jeniquen.
Hen"na (?), n. [Ar.
hinn\'be alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or
alba). Cf. Alcanna, Alkanet,
Orchanet.]
1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the
genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant
white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies.
The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the
East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses,
etc.
2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant,
or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.
Hen"ner*y (?), n. An inclosed
place for keeping hens. [U. S.]
Hen"nes (?), adv. Hence.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hen`no*tan"nic (?), a.
[Henna + tannic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a brown
resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the
henna plant; as, hennotannic acid.
{ He*nog"e* ny (?),
Hen`o*gen"e*sis (?), } n.
[Gr. /, masc., /, neut., one + root of / to be
born.] (Biol.) Same as
Ontogeny.
Hen"o*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, one + E. theism.] Primitive religion
in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent,
and is worshiped reference to the rest. [R.]
He*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. /, fr.
/ to unite, fr. / one.] Harmonizing; irenic.
Gladstone.
Hen"peck` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Henpecked
(?); p. pr. & vb.
Henpecking.] To subject to petty
authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband.
Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).
Hen"roost` (?), n. A place
where hens roost.
Hen"ry (?), n.; pl.
Henrys. [From Joseph Henry, an
American physicist.] The unit of electric induction;
the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced
in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at
the rate of one amp\'8are a second.
Hen's-foot` (/), n.
(Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis
daucoides).
Hent (?), v. t.
[imp. Hente; p. p.
Hent.] [OE. hente,
henten, fr. AS. hentan,
gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel.
henda, Goth. hinpan (in compos.), and E.
hunt.] To seize; to lay hold on; to catch;
to get. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman. Spenser.
This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast.
Chaucer.
But all that he might of his friendes hente
On bookes and on learning he it spente.
Chaucer.
Hen"ware` (?), n. (Bot.)
A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks.
Henx"man (?), n.
Henchman. [Obs.]
Hep (?), n. See Hip,
the fruit of the dog-rose.
\'d8He"par (?), n. [L.
hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. /.]
1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a
substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It
is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp.
potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides.
Called also hepar sulphuris
(/).
2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in
appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called
also hepar sulphuris calcareum (/).
Hepar antimonii (/) (Old
Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained
by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and
consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also
liver of antimony.
He*pat"ic (?), a. [L.
hepaticus, Gr. /, fr. / the liver; akin to L.
jecur, Skr. yak/t: cf. F.
h\'82patique.] 1. Of or pertaining
to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic
diseases.
2. Resembling the liver in color or in form;
as, hepatic cinnabar.
3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling,
the plants called Hepatic\'91, or scale mosses and
liverworts.
Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary
duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile
from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See
Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic
gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen
gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, Hepatic cinnabar. See under
Cinnabar.
\'d8He*pat"i*ca (?), n.; pl.
Hepatic\'91 (#). [NL. See
Hepatic. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed
leaves or fronds.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of pretty spring
flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup.
2. (bot.) Any plant, usually procumbent
and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class Hepatic\'91;
-- called also scale moss and
liverwort. See Hepatic\'91, in the
Supplement.
He*pat"ic*al, a. Hepatic.
[R.]
Hep"a*tite (?; 277), n. [L.
hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr. /, fr. /,
/, the liver: cf. F. h\'82patite.]
(Min.) A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor
when rubbed or heated.
\'d8Hep`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /, liver + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the liver.
Hep`a*ti*za"tion (?), n. 1.
(Chem.) Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen
gas. [Obs.]
2. [Cf. F. h\'82patisation.]
(Med.) Conversion into a substance resembling the
liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so
that they are no longer pervious to the air.
Hep"a*tize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hepatized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hepatizing
(?).] [Gr. / to be like the liver, to
be liver-colored, fr. /, /, the liver: cf. E.
hepatite, and (for sense 2) F.
h\'82patiser.] 1. To impregnate
with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called hepatic
gas.
On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized
water.
Barrow.
2. To gorge with effused matter, as the
lungs.
He*pat"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the liver + / tumor.] (Med.) Hernia
of the liver.
Hep`a*to*cys"tic (?), a.
[Hepatic + cystic.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and gall
bladder; as, the hepatocystic ducts.
Hep`a*to*gas"tric (?), a.
[Hepatic + gastric.]
(Anat.) See Gastrohepatic.
{ Hep`a*to*gen"ic (?),
Hep`a*tog"e*nous (?), } a.
[Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver +
root of gi`gnesthai to be born]
(Med.) Arising from the liver; due to a condition
of the liver; as, hepatogenic jaundice.
Hep`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
"h^par, "h`patos, the liver +
-logy.] The science which treats of the
liver; a treatise on the liver.
Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as (?), n.
[Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + E.
pancreas.] (Zo\'94l.) A
digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the
liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.
Hep`a*to*re"nal (?), a.
[Hepatic + renal.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and
kidneys; as, the hepatorenal ligament.
Hep`a*tos"co*py (?), n. [Gr.
/; fr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + /
to view: cf. F. h\'82patoscopie.]
Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.
Hep"pen (?), a. [Cf. AS.
geh\'91p fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E.
happy.] Neat; fit; comfortable.
[Obs.]
Hep"per (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon; a
parr.
Hep"ta (?). [See Seven.]
A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven.
Hep"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr.
"epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven +
xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See
Seven, and Chord.] 1. (Anc.
Mus.) (a) A system of seven sounds.
(b) A lyre with seven chords.
2. (Anc. Poet.) A composition sung to
the sound of seven chords or tones.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Hep"tad (?), n. [L.
heptas the number seven. Gr. /, /, fr.
"epta` seven.] (Chem.) An atom
which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically
combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven
monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in
iodic acid. Also used as an adjective.
Hep"tade (?), n. [Cf. F.
heptade. See Heptad.] The sum or
number of seven.
Hep"ta*glot (?), n. [Gr. /;
"epta` seven + 3, /, tongue, language.] A
book in seven languages.
Hep"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. /
sevencornered; "epta` seven + / angle: cf. F.
heptagone.] (Geom.) A plane
figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.
Hep*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
heptagonal.] Having seven angles or
sides.
Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the
numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate
numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the
arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.
\'d8Hep`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + / woman, female:
cf. F. heptagunie.] (Bot.) A
Linn\'91an order of plants having seven pistils.
{ Hep`ta*gyn"i*an (?),
Hep*tag"y*nous (?), } a.
[Cf. F. heptagyne.] (Bot.)
Having seven pistils.
Hep`ta*he"dron (?), n.
[Hepta- + Gr. / seat, base, fr. / to sit: cf.
F. hepta\'8adre.] (Geom.) A
solid figure with seven sides.
Hep*tam"er*ous (?), a.
[Hepta- + Gr. / part.] (Bot.)
Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of
sevens.
Gray.
\'d8Hep*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + /, /, man, male:
cf. F. heptandrie.] (Bot.) A
Linn\'91an class of plants having seven stamens.
{ Hep*tan"dri*an (?),
Hep*tan"drous (?), } a.
[Cf. F. heptandre.] (Bot.)
Having seven stamens.
Hep"tane (?), n. [Gr.
"epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one
of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the
paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called
because the molecule has seven carbon atoms.
Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of
petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.
Hep*tan"gu*lar (?), a.
[Hepta- + angular: cf. F.
heptangulaire. Cf. Septangular.]
Having seven angles.
Hep*taph"yl*lous (?), a.
[Hepta- + Gr. / leaf: cf. F.
heptaphylle.] (Bot.) Having
seven leaves.
Hep"tarch (?), n. Same as
Heptarchist.
Hep*tar"chic (?), a. [Cf. F.
heptarchique.] Of or pertaining to a
heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy.
T. Warton.
Hep"tarch*ist (?), n. A ruler
of one division of a heptarchy. [Written also
heptarch.]
Hep"tarch*y (?), n.
[Hepta- + -archy: cf. F.
heptarchie.] A government by seven persons;
also, a country under seven rulers.
heptachy, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons
(Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East
Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.
Hep`ta*sper"mous (?), a.
[Hepta- + Gr. / a seed.]
(Bot.) Having seven seeds.
Hep"ta*stich (?), n.
[Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line,
verse.] (Pros.) A composition consisting of
seven lines or verses.
Hep"ta*teuch (?), n. [L.
heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven + / tool,
book; / to prepare, make, work: cf. F.
heptateuque.] The first seven books of the
Testament.
Hep*tav"a*lent (?), a.
[Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.) Having seven
units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of
heptad elements or radicals.
Hep"tene (?), n. [Gr.
"epta` seven.] (Chem.) Same as
Heptylene.
Hep"tine (?), n.
[Heptane + -ine.]
(Chem.) Any one of a series of unsaturated
metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene
series.
Hep*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as,
heptoic acid.
Hep"tone (?), n. [Gr.
"epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid
hydrocarbon, C7H10, of the valylene
series.
Hep" tree` (?). [See Hep.]
The wild dog-rose.
Hep"tyl (?), n.
[Hepta- + -yl.]
(Chem.) A compound radical,
C7H15, regarded as the essential radical of
heptane and a related series of compounds.
Hep"tyl*ene (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon,
C7H14, of the ethylene series; also, any one of
its isomers. Called also heptene.
Hep*tyl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or
heptane; as, heptylic alcohol. Cf.
.
Her (?), pron. & a. [OE.
hire, here, hir,
hure, gen. and dat. sing., AS. hire, gen.
and dat. sing. of h\'82o she. from the same root as E.
he. See He.] The form of the
objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun
she; as, I saw her with her
purse out.
her takes the form
hers when the noun with which in agrees is not given,
but implied. \'bdAnd what his fortune wanted, hers
could mend.\'b8
Dryden.
Her, Here (/), pron.
pl. [OE. here, hire, AS.
heora, hyra, gen. pl. of
h. See He.] Of them;
their. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
On here bare knees adown they fall.
Chaucer.
He*rac"le*on*ite (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a
Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian
church.
He*rak"line (?), n. [Gr. /
Hercules.] A picrate compound, used as an explosive in
blasting.
Her"ald (?), n. [OE.
herald, heraud, OF. heralt,
heraut, herault, F. h\'82raut,
LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG.
heriwalto, hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who
serves the army; hari, heri, army +
waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin
to E. wield. See Harry,
Wield.] 1. (Antiq.) An
officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to
challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from
the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and
inviolable character.
<-- p. 687 -->
2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the
above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the
rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of
armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office
remain, especially in England. See Heralds' College
(below), and King-at-Arms.
3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes
or announces; as, the herald of another's
fame.
Shak.
4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.
It was the lark, the herald of the morn.
Shak.
5. Any messenger. \'bdMy herald is
returned.\'b8
Shak.
Heralds' College, in England, an ancient
corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps
recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three
Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset,
Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This
retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings
of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and
kindred subjects; -- called also College of
Arms.
Her"ald (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Heralded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Heralding.] [Cf. OF.
herauder, heraulder.] To
introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to
announce; to foretell; to usher in.
Shak.
He*ral"dic (?), a. [Cf. F.
h\'82raldique.] Of or pertaining to heralds
or heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning;
heraldic language.
T. Warton.
He*ral"dic*al*ly (?), adv. In
an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.
Her"ald*ry (?), n. The art or
office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording
genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of
marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.
Her"ald*ship, n. The office of a
herald.
Selden.
Her"a*path*ite (?), n. [Named
after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.]
(Chem.) The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance
crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in
polarizing light.
Her"aud (?), n. A herald.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Herb (?; 277), n. [OE.
herbe, erbe, OF. herbe,
erbe, F. herbe, L. herba; perh.
akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein
to feed.] 1. A plant whose stem does not
become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the
ground, after flowering.
2. Grass; herbage.
And flocks
Grazing the tender herb.
Milton.
Herb bennet. (Bot.) See
Bennet. -- Herb Christopher
(Bot.), an herb (Act\'91a spicata),
whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name
is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the
wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard
(Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St.
Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout.
Dr. Prior. -- Herb grace, Herb of grace. (Bot.) See
Rue. -- Herb Margaret (Bot.),
the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb
Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to
the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed
poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.),
a species of Geranium (G.
Robertianum.)
Her*ba"ceous (?), a. [L.
herbaceus grassy. See Herb.] Of or
pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or
characteristics, of an herb; as, herbaceous plants;
an herbaceous stem.
Herb"age (?; 48), n. [F. See
Herb.]
1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass;
pasture. \'bdThin herbage in the plaims.\'b8
Dryden.
2. (Law.) The liberty or right of
pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man.
Blount.
Herb"aged (?), a. Covered with
grass.
Thomson.
Herb"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to herbs.
Quarles.
Herb"al (?), n. 1. A
book containing the names and descriptions of plants.
Bacon.
2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and
preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium.
Steele.
Herb"al*ism (?), n. The
knowledge of herbs.
Herb"al*ist, n. One skilled in the
knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs,
especially medicinal herbs.
Herb"ar (?), n. An herb.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Her*ba"ri*an (?), n. A
herbalist.
Herb"a*rist (?), n. A
herbalist. [Obs.]
Her*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Herbariums (#), L. Herbaria
(#). [LL., fr. L. herba. See
Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.]
1. A collection of dried specimens of plants,
systematically arranged.
Gray.
2. A book or case for preserving dried
plants.
Herb"a*rize (?), v. t. See
Herborize.
Herb"a*ry (?), n. [See
Herbarium.] A garden of herbs; a cottage
garden.
T. Warton.
Herb"er (?), n. [OF.
herbier, LL. herbarium. See
Herbarium.] A garden; a pleasure
garden. [Obs.] \'bdInto an herber
green.\'b8
Chaucer.
Her"berg*age (?), n. [See
Harborage.] Harborage; lodging; shelter;
harbor. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"ber*geour (?), n. [See
Harbinger.] A harbinger.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"bergh (?), Her"ber*we
(/), n. [See
Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her*bes"cent (?), a. [L.
herbescens, p. pr. of
herbescere.] Growing into herbs.
Herb"id (?), a. [L.
herbidus.] Covered with herbs.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Her*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Herb + -ferous: cf. F.
herbif\'82re.] Bearing herbs or
vegetation.
Herb"ist (?), n. A
herbalist.
\'d8Her*biv"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to
devour.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division
of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea,
Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is
generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They
feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.
Her"bi*vore (?), n. [Cf. F.
herbivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Herbivora.
P. H. Gosse.
Her*biv"o*rous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Eating plants; of or pertaining to the
Herbivora.
Herb"less (?), a. Destitute of
herbs or of vegetation.
J. Warton.
Herb"let (?), n. A small
herb.
Shak.
Her"bo*rist (?), n. [F.
herboriste.] A herbalist.
Ray.
Her`bo*ri*za"tion (?), n. [F.
herborisation.] 1. The act of
herborizing.
2. The figure of plants in minerals or
fossils.
Her"bo*rize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Herborized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Herborizing
(?).] [F. herboriser, for
herbariser, fr. L. herbarium. See
Hebrarium.] To search for plants, or new
species of plants, with a view to classifying them.
He herborized as he traveled.
W. Tooke.
Her"bo*rize, v. t. To form the figures
of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See
Arborized.
Herborized stones contain fine mosses.
Fourcroy (Trans.)
Her"bor*ough (?), n. [See
Harborough, and Harbor.] A
harbor. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
{ Her*bose" (?), Herb"ous
(?), } a. [L. herbosus:
cf. F. herbeux.] Abounding with
herbs. \'bdFields poetically called herbose.\'b8
Byrom.
Herb"-wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Herb-women (/). A woman that
sells herbs.
Herb"y (?), a. Having the
nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or
herbage. \'bdHerby valleys.\'b8
Chapman.
Her*cog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. /
a fence + / marriage.] (Bot.) Not capable
of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which
some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.
Her*cu"le*an (?), a. [L.
herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F.
hercul\'82en. See Hercules.]
1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very
great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an Herculean
task.
2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as,
Herculean limbs. \'bdHerculean
Samson.\'b8
Milton.
Her"cu*les (?), n. 1.
(Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son
of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp.
for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or
\'bdlabors.\'b8
2. (Astron.) A constellation in the
northern hemisphere, near Lyra.
Hercules' beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
species of Dynastes, an American genus of very large
lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South
America, which grows to a length of six inches. --
Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An
ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum
Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly
ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd
(Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five
feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See
under Angelica. -- Hercules powder,
an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for
blasting.
Her*cyn"i*an (?), a. [L.
Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the
Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. / /.] Of or pertaining
to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still
portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.
Herd (?), a. Haired.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Herd (?), n. [OE.
herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to
OHG. herta,G. herde, Icel.
hj\'94r/, Sw. hjord, Dan.
hiord, Goth. ha\'a1rda; cf. Skr.
\'87ardha troop, host.]
1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a
herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer,
or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle.
The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.
Gray.
Herd is distinguished from
flock, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals.
A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a
drove.
2. A crowd of low people; a rabble.
But far more numerous was the herd of such
Who think too little and who talk too much.
Dryden.
You can never interest the common herd in the
abstract question.
Coleridge.
Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several
species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under
Grass.
Herd, n. [OE. hirde,
herde, heorde, AS. hirde,
hyrde, heorde; akin to G. hirt,
hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel.
hir/ir, Sw. herde, Dan.
hyrde, Goth. ha\'a1rdeis. See 2d
Herd.] One who herds or assembles domestic
animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a
shepherd; a goatherd, and the like.
Chaucer.
Herd, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Herding.] [See 2d Herd.]
1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run
together, or in company; as, sheep herd on many
hills.
2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place
one's self among, a group or company.
I'll herd among his friends, and seem
One of the number.
Addison.
3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd.
[Scot.]
Herd, v. t. To form or put into a
herd.
Herd"book` (?), n. A book
containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice
breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record,
or herd register.
Herd"er (?), n. A
herdsman. [R.]
Her"der*ite (?), n. [Named
after Baron von Herder, who discovered it.]
(Min.) A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small
white crystals.
Herd"ess (?), n. A shepherdess;
a female herder.
Sir P. Sidney. Chaucer.
Herd"groom` (?), n. A
herdsman. [Obs.]
Her"dic (?), n. [Named from
Peter Herdic, the inventor.] A kind of
low-hung cab.
{ Herd"man (?), Herds"man
(?), } n.; pl. -men
(/). The owner or keeper of a herd or of
herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.
Herds"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
-women (/). A woman who tends a
herd.
Sir W. Scott.
Here (?), n. Hair.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Here (?), pron. 1. See
Her, their. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Her; hers. See Her.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Here (?), adv. [OE.
her, AS. h/r; akin to OS.
h/r, D. hier, OHG. hiar, G.
hier, Icel. & Goth. h/r, Dan.
her, Sw. h\'84r; fr. root of E.
he. See He.] 1. In this
place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to
there.
He is not here, for he is risen.
Matt. xxviii. 6.
2. In the present life or state.
Happy here, and more happy hereafter.
Bacon.
3. To or into this place; hither.
[Colloq.] See Thither.
Here comes Virgil.
B. Jonson.
Thou led'st me here.
Byron.
4. At this point of time, or of an argument;
now.
The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise.
Warren.
Here, in the last sense, is sometimes
used before a verb without subject; as, Here goes, for
Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in
drinking healths. \'bdHere's [a health] to thee,
Dick.\'b8
Cowley.
Here and there, in one place and another; in a
dispersed manner; irregularly. \'bdFootsteps here and
there.\'b8 Longfellow. -- It is neither,
here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in
that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no
purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.<-- mostly used to mean
"irrelevant" --> Shak.
{ Here"a-bout` (?), Here"a*bouts`
(?), } adv. 1. About this
place; in this vicinity.
2. Concerning this. [Obs.]
Here*aft"er (?), adv. [AS.
h/r\'91fter.] In time to come;
in some future time or state.
Hereafter he from war shall come.
Dryden.
Here*aft"er, n. A future existence or
state.
<-- Syn. afterlife, the life to come, future life, eternal bliss,
eternal reward, -->
'Tis Heaven itself that points out an
hereafter.
Addison.
Here*aft"er*ward (?), adv.
Hereafter. [Obs.]
Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come.
Chaucer.
Here-at" (?), adv. At, or by
reason of, this; as, he was offended
hereat.
Hooker.
Here*by" (?), adv. 1.
By means of this.
And hereby we do know that we know him.
1 John ii. 3.
2. Close by; very near. [Obs.]
Shak.
He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n.
State of being hereditable.
Brydges.
He*red"i*ta*ble (?), a. [LL.
hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to inherit,
fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance,
heres heir: cf. OF. hereditable. See
Heir, and cf. Heritable.] 1.
Capable of being inherited. See Inheritable.
Locke.
2. Qualified to inherit; capable of
inheriting.
He*red"i*ta*bly, adv. By
inheritance.
W. Tooke.
Her`e*dit"a*ment (?), n. [LL.
hereditamentum. See Hereditable.]
(Law) Any species of property that may be
inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal,
real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir.
Blackstone.
corporeal hereditament is visible and
tangible; an incorporeal hereditament is not in itself
visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or
obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.
He*red"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. By
inheritance; in an hereditary manner.
Pope.
He*red"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L.
hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship,
inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F.
h\'82r\'82ditaire. See Heir.]
1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an
ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance,
or that must pass by inheritance; as, an hereditary
estate or crown.
2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as
a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child;
as, hereditary pride, bravery, disease.
Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.
He*red"i*ty (?), n. [L.
hereditas heirship.] (Biol.)
Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical
qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by
which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their
descendants. See Pangenesis.
Her"e*ford (?), n. One of a
breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The
Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing
quality is excellent.
Here"hence` (?), adv. From
hence. [Obs.]
Here*in" (?), adv. [AS.
h/rinne.] In this.
Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much
fruit.
John xv. 8.
Here`in*aft"er (?), adv. In the
following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the
like).
Here`in*be*fore", adv. In the preceding
part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).
Here`in*to" (?; 277), adv. Into
this.
Hooker.
{ Her"e*mit (?), Her"e*mite
(?), } n. [See
Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Her`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society.
Pope.
Her"en (?), a. Made of
hair. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Here*of" (?), adv. Of this;
concerning this; from this; hence.
Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant.
Shak.
Here*on" (?), adv. On or upon
this; hereupon.
Here*out" (?), adv. Out of
this. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Her"e*si*arch (?; 277), n. [L.
haeresiarcha, Gr. /; / heresy + / leader, / to
lead: cf. F. h\'82r\'82siarque.] A leader
in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Her"e*si*arch`y (?), n. A chief
or great heresy. [R.]
The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of
heresiarchies against our blessed Savior.
Sir T. Herbert.
Her`e*si*og"ra*pher (?), n.
[See Heresiography.] One who writes on
heresies.
Her`e*si*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ heresy + -graphy: cf. F.
h\'82r\'82siographie.] A treatise on
heresy.
Her"e*sy (?), n.; pl.
Heresies (#). [OE.
heresie, eresie, OF. heresie,
iresie, F. h\'82r\'82sie, L.
haeresis, Gr. / a taking, a taking for one's self,
choosing, a choice, a sect, a heresy, fr. / to take,
choose.]
<-- p. 688 -->
1. An opinion held in opposition to the established
or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division
or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; --
usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach.
New opinions
Divers and dangerous, which are heresies,
And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.
Shak.
After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the
philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many
questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased,
each several opinion was called a heresy; which
signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to
truth or falsehood.
Hobbes.
2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to
the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church,
especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of
orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in
regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth;
heterodoxy.
Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts,
From whence arise diversity of sects,
And hateful heresies by God abhor'd.
Spenser.
Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest
heresy in the world is a wicked life.
Tillotson.
3. (Law) An offense against
Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine,
which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately
maintained.
A second offense is that of heresy, which consists
not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential
doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed.
Blackstone.
heresy, I refer to the force of the
Greek /, as signifying a principle or opinion taken up by the
will for the will's sake, as a proof or pledge to itself of its
own power of self-determination, independent of all other
motives.\'b8
Coleridge.
Her"e*tic (?), n. [L.
haereticus, Gr. / able to choose, heretical, fr. /
to take, choose: cf. F. h\'82r\'82tique. See
Heresy.] 1. One who holds to a
heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the
established faith or prevailing religion.
A man that is an heretic, after the first and
second admonition, reject.
Titus iii. 10.
2. (R. C. Ch.) One who having made a
profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously
refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith
\'bddetermined by the authority of the universal
church.\'b8
Addis & Arnold.
Syn. -- Heretic, Schismatic,
Sectarian. A heretic is one
whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character,
tending to subvert the true faith. A schismatic is one
who creates a schism, or division in the church, on
points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake
of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one who
originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a
sect, or distinct organization, which separates from
the main body of believers.
He*ret"i*cal (?), a. Containing
heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy.
He*ret"i*cal*ly, adv. In an heretical
manner.
He*ret"i*cate (?), v. t. [LL.
haereticatus, p. p. of haereticare.]
To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a
heretic or heretical.
Bp. Hall.
And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to
hereticate me.
Fitzed. Hall.
He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The
act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical.
London Times.
Here*to" (?), adv. To this;
hereunto.
Hooker.
{ Her"e*toch (?), Her"e*tog
(?), } n. [AS.
heretoga, heretoha; here army +
te\'a2n to draw, lead; akin to OS.
heritogo, OHG. herizogo, G.
herzog duke.] (AS. Antiq.) The
leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal.
Blackstone.
Here`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to
this time; hitherto; before; in time past.
Shak.
Here`un*to" (?), adv. Unto
this; up to this time; hereto.
Here`up*on" (?), adv. On this;
hereon.
Here*with" (?), adv. With
this.
Her"ie (?), v. t. [See
Hery.] To praise; to worship.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"i*ot (?), n. [AS.
heregeatu military equipment, heriot; here
army + geatwe, pl., arms, equipments.]
(Eng. Law) Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms
or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to
the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary
tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the
decease of a tenant.
Blackstone. Bouvier.
Heriot custom, a heriot depending on
usage. -- Heriot service (Law), a
heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands.
Spelman. Blackstone.
Her"i*ot*a*ble (?), a. Subject
to the payment of a heriot.
Burn.
Her"is*son (?), n. [F.
h\'82risson, prop., hedgehog.]
(fort.) A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and
turning on a pivot; -- used to block up a passage.
Her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being heritable.
Her"it*a*ble (?), a. [OF.
h\'82ritable. See Heritage,
Hereditable.] 1. Capable of being
inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.
2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by
inheritance.
This son shall be legitimate and heritable.
Sir M. Hale.
Heritable rights (Scots Law),
rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be
intimately connected with land; realty.
Jacob (Law Dict.).
Her"it*age (?), a. [OE.
heritage, eritage, OF. heritage,
eritage, F. h\'82ritage, fr.
h\'82riter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See
Hereditable.] 1. That which is
inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.
Part of my heritage,
Which my dead father did bequeath to me.
Shak.
2. (Script.) A possession; the
Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral
charge.
Joel iii. 2. 1 Peter v. 3.
Her"it*ance (?), n. [OF.
heritance.] Heritage; inheritance.
[R.]
Robbing their children of the heritance
Their fathers handed down
Southey.
Her"it*or (?), n. [Cf. LL.
her/ator, fr. L. heres an heir.]
A proprietor or landholder in a parish.
[Scot.]
Herl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Harl, 2.
Her"ling, Hir"ling (/),
n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Zo\'94l.) The young of the sea trout.
[Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Her"ma (?), n.; pl.
Herm\'91 (#). [L.] See
Hermes, 2.
Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty (?), n.
Hermaphrodism.
B. Jonson.
Her*maph"ro*dism (?), n. [Cf.
F. hermaphrodisme.] (Biol.) See
Hermaphroditism.
Her*maph"ro*dite (?), n. [L.
hermaphroditus, Gr. /, so called from the mythical
story that Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and
Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis,
the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F.
hermaphrodite.] (Biol.) An
individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or
which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having
the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains
both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same
receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the
union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true
hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See
Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.
Her*maph"ro*dite, a. Including, or being
of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal or
flower.
Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See
under Brig.
Totten.
{ Her*maph`ro*dit"ic (?),
Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al (?), }
a. (Biol.) Partaking of the
characteristics of both sexes; characterized by
hermaphroditism. --
Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Her*maph"ro*dit*ism (?), n.
(Biol.) The union of the two sexes in the same
individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics
or organs in one individual.
{ Her`me*neu"tic (?),
Her`me*neu"tic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /, fr. / to interpret: cf. F.
herm\'82neutique.] Unfolding the
signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical;
explanatory; as, hermeneutic theology, or the art of
expounding the Scriptures; a hermeneutic
phrase.
Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly, adv. According to
the principles of interpretation; as, a verse of Scripture
was examined hermeneutically.
Her`me*neu"tics (?), n. [Gr.
/ (sc. /).] The science of interpretation and
explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which
defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be
ascertained.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Her"mes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] 1. (Myth.) See
Mercury.
Hermes Trismegistus [Gr.
'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit., Hermes thrice
greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as
identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled
inventor of astrology and alchemy.
2. (Arch\'91ology) Originally, a
boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and
therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders,
placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the
body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts
of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often
representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in
later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also
herma. See Terminal statue, under
Terminal.
{ Her*met"ic (?), Her*met"ic*al
(?), } a. [F.
herm\'82tique. See Note under Hermes,
1.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by,
Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy.
Hence: Alchemical; chemic. \'bdDelusions of the
hermetic art.\'b8
Burke.
The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make
gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called
themselves Hermetic philosophers.
A. B. Buckley.
2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains
the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the
principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use,
as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, hermetic
medicine.
3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so
that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an
hermetic seal. See Note under
Hermetically.
Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic
books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat
of astrology. (b) Books which treat of
universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial
beings, of medicine, and other topics.
Her*met"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. In an
hermetical manner; chemically.
Boyle.
2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight
closure.
hermetically sealed
when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other
fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied
to any air-tight closure.
Her"mit (?), n. [OE.
ermite, eremite, heremit,
heremite, F. hermite, ermite, L.
eremita, Gr. /, fr. / lonely, solitary. Cf.
Eremite.] 1. A person who retires
from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret;
especially, one who so lives from religious motives.
He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign,
took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into
this solitary spot.
Addison.
2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another.
[Obs.] \'bdWe rest your hermits.\'b8
Shak.
Hermit crab (Zo\'94l.), a marine
decapod crustacean of the family Pagurid\'91. The
species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also
soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy
the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See
Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit
thrush (Zo\'94l.), an American thrush
(Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits, but having a
sweet song. -- Hermit warbler
(Zo\'94l.), a California wood warbler
(Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the
throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.
Her"mit*age (?; 48), n. [OE.
hermitage, ermitage, F.
hermitage, ermitage. See
Hermit.] 1. The habitation of a
hermit; a secluded residence.
<-- (Capitalized) The name given by Catherine II to a part of the
Czars' Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, now an art museum with a
very large collection of old master paintings -->
Some forlorn and naked hermitage,
Remote from all the pleasures of the world.
Shak.
2. [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A
celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of
Dr\'93me.
Her"mit*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL.
hermitorium, eremitorium.] A
cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit.
Howell.
Her"mit*ess, n. A female hermit.
Coleridge.
Her*mit"i*cal (?), a.
Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit.
Coventry.
Her`mo*dac"tyl (?), n. [NL.
hermodactylus, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. /
Hermes + / finger.] (med.) A heart-shaped
bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey,
formerly used as a cathartic.
Her`mo*ge"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A disciple of Hermogenes, and
heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the
second century. He ha/d matter to be the fountain of all evil,
and that souls and spirits are formed of corrupt matter.
Hern (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A heron; esp., the common European heron. \'bdA
stately hern.\'b8
Trench.
Her*na"ni (?), n. A thin silk
or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and
colors.
Herne (?), n. [AS.
hyrne.] A corner. [Obs.]
Lurking in hernes and in lanes blind.
Chaucer.
Her"ni*a (?), n.; pl. E.
Hernias (#), L. Herni\'91
(#). [L.] (Med.) A
protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from
its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or
accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as,
hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels.
Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also
rupture.
Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly
compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been
protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of
the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but
is more common in the latter.
Her"ni*al (?), a. Of, or
connected with, hernia.
Her`ni*ot"o*my (?), n.
[Hernia + Gr. / to cut.]
(Med.) A cutting for the cure or relief of
hernia; celotomy.
Hern"shaw (?), n.
Heronshaw. [Obs.]
Spenser.
He"ro (?), n.; pl.
Heroes (#). [F.
h\'82ros, L. heros, Gr. /.]
1. (Myth.) An illustrious man, supposed
to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod,
as Hercules.
2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in
danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central
personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or
illustrious person.
Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody.
Emerson.
3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and
the like, or the person who has the principal share in the
transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the
Odyssey, and \'92neas in the \'92neid.
The shining quality of an epic hero.
Dryden.
Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great
men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes.
Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever
exist, universally among mankind.
Carlyle.
He*ro"di*an (?), n. (Jewish
Hist.) One of a party among the Jews, composed of
partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees
against Christ.
\'d8He*ro`di*o"nes (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a heron.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks,
and allied forms. Called also Herodii.
-- He*ro`di*o"nine (#),
a.
He"ro*ess (?), n. A
heroine. [Obs.]
Dryden.
He*ro"ic (?), a. [F.
h\'82ro\'8bque, L. hero\'8bcus, Gr.
/.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or like, a
hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of
heroes; as, the heroic age; an heroic
people; heroic valor.
2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave;
illustrious; as, heroic action; heroic
enterprises.
3. (Sculpture & Painting) Larger than
life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the
representation of a human figure.
Heroic Age, the age when the heroes, or those
called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived.
-- Heroic poetry, that which celebrates the deeds
of a hero; epic poetry. -- Heroic
treatment (Med.),
treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a
desperate case. -- Heroic verse
(Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being
in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in
French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the
hexameter.
Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold;
gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous;
illustrious.
He*ro"ic*al (?), a.
Heroic. [R.] Spectator. --
He*ro"ic*al*ly, adv. --
He*ro"ic*al*ness, n.
<-- p. 689 -->
He*ro"ic*ness (?), n.
Heroism. [R.]
W. Montagu.
{ He`ro*i*com"ic (?),
He`ro*i*com"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. h\'82ro\'8bcomigue. See Heroic,
and Comic.] Combining the heroic and the
ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; as, a heroicomic
poem.
Her"o*ine (?), n. [F.
h\'82ro\'8bne, L. heroina, Gr. /, fem. of
/. See Hero.] 1. A woman of an
heroic spirit.
The heroine assumed the woman's place.
Dryden.
2. The principal female person who figures in a
remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.
Her"o*ism (?; 277), n. [F.
h\'82ro\'8bsme.] The qualities
characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude,
unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.
Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting
itself in action.
Hare.
Syn. -- Heroism, Courage,
Fortitude, Bravery, Valor,
Intrepidity, Gallantry.
Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance
of danger; fortitude is passive courage,
the habit of bearing up nobly under trials, danger,
and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in daring
acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts
with living opponents; intrepidity is firm
courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers;
gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing
into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into
exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of
danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a
noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of
being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf.
Courage.
Her"on (?), n. [OE.
heiroun, heroun, heron,
hern, OF. hairon, F. h\'82ron,
OHG. heigir; cf. Icel. hegri, Dan.
heire, Sw. h\'84ger, and also G.
h\'84her jay, jackdaw, OHG. hehara,
higere, woodpecker, magpie, D. reiger
heron, G. reiher, AS. hr. Cf.
Aigret, Egret.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied
genera, of the family Ardeid\'91. The herons have a
long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the
middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea
cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight,
and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons.
Ardea herodias); the little blue
(A. c\'d2rulea); the green (A. virescens);
the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or
qua-bird (Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons
are called egrets.
Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the
genus Erodium; -- so called from the fancied
resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the
heron.
Her"on*er (?), n. A hawk used
in hunting the heron. \'bdHeroner and
falcon.\'b8
Chaucer.
Her"on*ry (?), n. A place where
herons breed.
Her"on*sew (?), n. A
heronshaw. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"on*shaw (?), n. [OF.
heroncel, dim. of h\'82ron. See
Heron.] (Zo\'94l.) A heron.
[Written variously hernshaw,
harnsey, etc.]
He`ro*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. [Gr.
/ + / discourse.] One who treats of heroes.
[R.]
T. Warton.
He"ro*ship (?), n. The
character or personality of a hero. \'bdThree years of
heroship.\'b8
Cowper.
Her"pes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / to creep.] (Med.) An eruption
of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the
part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small
distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling,
including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its
tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to
another.
Her*pet"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
herp\'82tique.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes;
as, herpetic eruptions.
Her"pe*tism (?), n. [See
Herpes.] (Med.) See Dartrous
diathesis, under Dartrous.
{ Her*pet`o*log"ic (?),
Her*pet`o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to herpetology.
Her`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.
Her`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Written also, but less properly,
erpetology.] [Gr. / a creeping thing,
reptile (fr. / to creep) + -logy: cf. F.
herp\'82tologie.] The natural history of
reptiles; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to reptiles,
including their structure, classification, and habits.
Her`pe*tot"o*mist (?), n. One
who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.
Her`pe*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr.
/ a reptile + / to cut.] The anatomy or dissection
of reptiles.
\'d8Herr (?), n. A title of
respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English
Mister.
Her"ring (?), n. [OE.
hering, AS. h\'91ring; akin to D.
haring, G. h\'84ring, hering,
OHG. haring, hering, and prob. to AS.
here army, and so called because they commonly move in
large numbers. Cf. Harry.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of various species of fishes of the genus
Clupea, and allied genera, esp. the common round or
English herring (C. harengus) of the North Atlantic.
Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of
Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great
quantities.
Herring gull (Zo\'94l.), a large
gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus
argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in
England. See Gull. -- Herring hog
(Zo\'94l.), the common porpoise. -- King
of the herrings. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
chim\'91ra (C. monstrosa) which follows the schools of
herring. See Chim\'91ra. (b) The
opah.
He"ring*bone" (?), a.
Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially,
characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel
lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different
directions.
Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in
needlework, chiefly used in flannel.
Simmonds.
Herrn"hut*er (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) One of the Moravians; -- so called from the
settlement of Herrnhut (the Lord's watch) made, about
1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count
of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.
Hers (?), pron. See the Note
under Her, pr/n.
Her"sal (?), n.
Rehearsal. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Her"schel (?), n.
(Astron.) See Uranus.
Her*sche"li*an (?), a. Of or
relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the
Herschelian telescope.
Herse (?), n. [F.
herse harrow, portcullis, OF. herce, LL.
hercia, L. hirpex, gen.
hirpicis, and irpex, gen.
irpicis, harrow. The LL. hercia signifies
also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having
branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or
cenotaphs; whence herse came to be used for the grave,
coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. Hearse.]
1. (Fort.) A kind of gate or portcullis,
having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is
hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede
the advance of an enemy.
Farrow.
2. See Hearse, a carriage for the
dead.
3. A funeral ceremonial. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Herse, v. t. Same as Hearse,
v. t.
Chapman.
Her*self" (?), pron. 1.
An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; --
used as a subject with she; as, she
herself will bear the blame; also used alone in the
predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it
is herself; she blames herself.
2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence,
her right, or sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she
is now herself again; she has come to
herself.
By herself, alone; apart;
unaccompanied.
Her"sil*lon (?), n. [F., fr.
herse a harrow. See Herse,
n.] (Fort.) A beam with
projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.
Hert (?), n. A hart.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"te (?), n. A heart.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"te*ly, a. & adv. Hearty;
heartily. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Her"y (?), v. t. [AS.
herian.] To worship; to glorify; to
praise. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Hes"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L.
haesitantia a stammering.] 1. The
act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding;
vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.
2. A stammering; a faltering in speech.
Hes"i*tant (?), a. [L.
haesitans, p. pr. of haesitare:
cf. F. h\'82sitant. See Hesitate.]
1. Not prompt in deciding or acting;
hesitating.
2. Unready in speech.
Baxter.
Hes"i*tant*ly, adv. With hesitancy or
doubt.
Hes"i*tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hesitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hesitating.] [L. haesitatus,
p. p. of haesitare, intens. fr. haerere to
hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. Aghast,
Gaze, Adhere.]
1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action;
to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; as,
he hesitated whether to accept the offer or not; men
often hesitate in forming a judgment.
Pope.
2. To stammer; to falter in speaking.
Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter;
stammer.
Hes"i*tate, v. t. To utter with
hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner.
[Poetic & R.]
Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike.
Pope.
Hes"i*ta`ting*ly, adv. With hesitation
or doubt.
Hes`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
haesitatio: cf. F. h\'82sitation.]
1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or
action; doubt; vacillation.
2. A faltering in speech; stammering.
Swift.
Hes"i*ta*tive (?), a. Showing,
or characterized by, hesitation.
[He said] in his mild, hesitative way.
R. D. Blackmore.
Hes"i*ta*to*ry (?), a.
Hesitating.
R. North.
Hesp (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
hespa a hasp, a wisp or skein. See
Hasp.] A measure of two hanks of linen
thread. [Scot.] [Written also
hasp.]
Knight.
Hes"per (?), n. [See
Hesperian.] The evening; Hesperus.
Hes*per"e*tin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline substance having a
sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and
regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.
Hes*pe"ri*an (?), a. [L.
hesperius, fr. hesperus the evening star,
Gr. / evening, / / the evening star. Cf.
Vesper.] Western; being in the west;
occidental. [Poetic]
Milton.
Hes*pe"ri*an, n. A native or an
inhabitant of a western country. [Poetic]
J. Barlow.
Hes*pe"ri*an, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called
Hesperid\'91, or skippers. --
n. Any one of the numerous species of
Hesperid\'91; a skipper.
Hes"per*id (?), a. & n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as 3d Hesperian.
Hes*per"i*dene (?), n. [See
Hesperidium.] (Chem.) An isomeric
variety of terpene from orange oil.
\'d8Hes*per"i*des (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. /.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The daughters of
Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a
garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western
extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get
some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called
also Atlantides.
2. The garden producing the golden apples.
It not love a Hercules,
Still climbing trees in the Hesperides?
Shak.
Hes*per"i*din (?), n. [See
Hesperidium.] (Chem.) A glucoside
found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as
a white crystalline substance.
\'d8Hes`pe*rid"i*um (?), n.
[NL. So called in allusion to the golden apples of the
Hesperides. See Hesperides.] (Bot.)
A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an
orange.
\'d8Hes`pe*ror"nis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / western + /, /, a bird.]
(Paleon.) A genus of large, extinct, wingless
birds from the Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the
Odontornithes. They had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous
swimming ostriches. Several species are known. See
Illust. in Append.
\'d8Hes"pe*rus (?), n. [L. See
Hesper.] 1. Venus when she is the
evening star; Hesper.
2. Evening. [Poetic]
The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star
Of Hesperus.
Milton.
Hes"sian (?), a. Of or relating
to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians.
Hessian boots, Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England,
in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front.
Thackeray. -- Hessian cloth, Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for
sacking. -- Hessian crucible. See under
Crucible. -- Hessian fly
(Zo\'94l.), a small dipterous fly or midge
(Cecidomyia destructor). Its larv\'91 live between the
base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very
destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea
that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during
the Revolution.
Hes"sian, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Hesse.
2. A mercenary or venal person. [U.
S.]
3. pl. See Hessian
boots and cloth, under Hessian,
a.
Hess"ite (?), n. [After H.
Hess.] (Min.) A lead-gray
sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.
Hest (?), n. [AS.
h/s, fr. h/tan to call, bid.
See Hight, and cf. Behest.] Command;
precept; injunction. [Archaic] See
Behest. \'bdAt thy hest.\'b8
Shak.
Let him that yields obey the victor's hest.
Fairfax.
Yet I thy hest will all perform, at full.
Tennyson.
{ Hes"tern (?), Hes*ter"nal
(?), } a. [L.
hesternus; akin to heri yesterday.]
Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See
Yester, a.
Ld. Lytton.
Hes"y*chast (?), n. [Gr. /
hermit, fr. / to be still or quiet, fr. / still, calm.]
One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth
century; a quietist.
Brande & C.
{ He*tair"ism (?), Het"a*rism
(?), } n. [Gr. / a companion, a
concubine, fem. of / a comrade.] A supposed
primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe
were held in common. H. Spencer. --
Het`a*ris"tic (#),
a.
Hetch"el (?), v. t. Same as
Hatchel.
Hete (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Hete, later
Het.] Variant of
Hote. [Obs.]
But one avow to greate God I hete.
Chaucer.
Het"er*a*canth (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / a spine.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the spines of the dorsal fin
unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left
sides.
Het"er*arch`y (?), n.
[Hetero- + -archy.] The
government of an alien. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
\'d8Het`e*raux*e"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the other + / growth.]
(Bot.) Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of
a plant.
Het"er*o- (?). [Gr. "e`teros
other.] A combining form signifying other,
other than usual, different; as,
heteroclite, heterodox,
heterogamous.
Het`er*o*car"pism (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr./ fruit.] (Bot.)
The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as
in Amphicarp\'91a, in which besides the usual pods,
there are others underground.
Het`er*o*car"pous (?), a.
(Bot.) Characterized by heterocarpism.
Het`er*ceph"a*lous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr./ head.] (Bot.)
Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain
composite plants.
\'d8Het`e*roc"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + / horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Lepidoptera, including
the moths, and hawk moths, which have the antenn\'91 variable in
form.
Het`er*o*cer"cal (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / tail.]
(Anat.) Having the vertebral column evidently
continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually
longer than the lower one, as in sharks.
<-- p. 690 -->
Het"er*o*cer`cy (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / a tail.]
(anat.) Unequal development of the tail lobes of
fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail.
Het`er*o*chro"mous (?; 277), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / color.]
(bot.) Having the central florets of a flower
head of a different color from those of the circumference.
{ Het`er*och"ro*nism (?),
Het`er*och"ro*ny (?), } n.
[Gr. / of different times; / other + / time.]
(Biol.) In evolution, a deviation from the
typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts.
Het"er*o*clite, a. [L.
heteroclitus, Gr. /; / other + / to lean,
incline, inflect: cf. F. h\'82t\'82roclite.]
Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular;
anomalous; abnormal.
Het"er*o*clite, n. 1.
(Gram.) A word which is irregular or anomalous
either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from
ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially,
a noun which is irregular in declension.
2. Any thing or person deviating from the common
rule, or from common forms.
Howell.
{ Het`er*o*clit"ic (?),
Het`er*o*clit"ic*al (?), } a.
[See Heteroclite.] Deviating from
ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.
Het`er*oc"li*tous (?), a.
Heteroclitic. [Obs.]
Het"er*o*cyst (?), n.
[Hetero- + cyst.]
(Bot.) A cell larger than the others, and of
different appearance, occurring in certain alg\'91 related to
nostoc.
Het`er*o*dac"tyl (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Heterodactylous. --
n. One of the
Heterodactyl\'91.
\'d8Het`e*ro*dac"ty*l\'91 (?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. / other + / a finger.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of birds including the
trogons.
Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / a toe.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the first and second toes
turned backward, as in the trogons.
Het"er*o*dont (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. /, / a tooth.]
(Anat.) Having the teeth differentiated into
incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; -- opposed to
homodont.
Het"er*o*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any animal with heterodont dentition.
Het"er*o*dox (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ other + / opinion; cf. F.
h\'82t\'82rodoxe.] 1. Contrary to,
or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the
creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not
orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc.,
esp. upon theological subjects.
Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching.
Strype.
2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not
orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons.
Macaulay.
-- Het"er*o*dox`ly, adv. --
Het"er*o*dox`ness, n.
Het"er*o*dox, n. An opinion opposed to
some accepted standard. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Het"er*o*dox`al (?), a. Not
orthodox.
Howell.
Het"er*o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr.
/: cf. F. h\'82t\'82rodoxie.] An opinion
or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some
established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or
standards of a church, etc.; heresy.
Bp. Bull.
Het`er*od"ro*mous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / to run.] 1.
(Bot.) Having spirals of changing
direction.
Gray.
2. (Mech.) Moving in opposite
directions; -- said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the
resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the
fulcrum or axis.
Het`er*og"a*mous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. ga`mos marriage: cf. F.
h\'82t\'82rogame.] (Bot. & Biol.)
(a) The condition of having two or more kinds of
flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the
aster. (b) Characterized by heterogamy.
Het`er*og"a*my (?), n. [See
Heterogamous.]
1. (Bot.) The process of fertilization
in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; -- opposed to
orthogamy.
2. (Biol.) That form of alternate
generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual
and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; -- in distinction
from metagenesis, where sexual and asexual generations
alternate.
Claus & Sedgwick.
Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate (?), a.
[Hetero- + gangliate.]
(Physiol.) Having the ganglia of the nervous
system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate
animals.
Het"er*o*gene (?), a.
Heterogenous. [Obs.]
Het`er*o*ge"ne*al (?), a.
Heterogeneous.
Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. h\'82t\'82rog\'82n\'82it\'82.]
The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.
The difference, indeed the heterogeneity, of the
two may be felt.
Coleridge.
Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr.
/; / + / race, kind; akin to E. kin: cf. F.
h\'82t\'82rog\'8ane.] Differing in kind;
having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics;
dissimilar; -- opposed to homogeneous, and said of two
or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered
in respect to the parts of which it is made up. --
Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly, adv. --
Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness, n.
Heterogeneous nouns (Gram.), nouns
having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as,
hic locus, of the masculine gender in the singular, and
hi loci and h\'91c loca, both masculine and
neuter in the plural; hoc c\'91lum, neuter in the
singular; hi c\'91li, masculine in the plural. --
Heterogeneous quantities (Math.), such
quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect
to magnitude, and surfaces and solids. -- Heterogeneous
surds (Math.), surds having different
radical signs.
Het`er*o*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Hetero- + genesis.] 1.
(Biol.) Spontaneous generation, so called.
2. (Biol.) That method of reproduction
in which the successive generations differ from each other, the
parent organism producing offspring different in habit and
structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing
after one or more generations; -- opposed to
homogenesis, or gamogenesis.
Het`er*o*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to heterogenesis; as,
heterogenetic transformations.
Het`er*og"e*nist (?), n.
(Biol.) One who believes in the theory of
spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis.
Bastian.
Het`er*og"e*nous (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to heterogenesis;
heterogenetic.
Het`er*og"e*ny (?), n.
(Biol.) Heterogenesis.
Het`er*og"o*nous (?), a.
(Bot.) Characterized by heterogony. --
Het`er*og"o*nous*ly,
adv.
Het`er*og"o*ny (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / offspring.]
(Bot.) The condition of having two or more kinds
of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and
pistils.
Het`er*o*graph"ic (?), a. [See
Heterography.] Employing the same letters to
represent different sounds in different words or syllables; --
said of methods of spelling; as, the ordinary English
orthography is heterographic.
Het`er*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Hetero- + -graphy.] That
method of spelling in which the same letters represent different
sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English
orthography; e. g., g in get and in
ginger.
Het`er*og"y*nous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / a woman, female.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having females very unlike the males
in form and structure; -- as certain insects, the males of which
are winged, and the females wingless.
Het`er*ol"o*gous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / proportion.]
Characterized by heterology; consisting of different
elements, or of like elements in different proportions;
different; -- opposed to homologous; as,
heterologous organs.
Heterologous stimulus. (Physiol.)
See under Stimulus. -- Heterologous
tumor (Med.), a tumor differing in structure
from the normal tissues of the body.
Het`er*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Hetero- + -logy.] 1.
(Biol.) The absence of correspondence, or
relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts,
owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like
elements in different proportions; variation in structure from
the normal form; -- opposed to homology.
2. (Chem.) The connection or relation of
bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different
characteristics and properties; the relation existing between
derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of
different series; as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde,
and acetic acid are in heterology with each other,
though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous
series. Cf. Homology.
\'d8Het`e*rom"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + / part.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Coleoptera, having
heteromerous tarsi.
Het`er*om"er*ous (?), a. [See
Heteromera.] 1. (Chem &
Crystallog.) Unrelated in chemical composition, though
similar or indentical in certain other respects; as, borax
and augite are hom\'d2morphous, but
heteromerous.
2. (Bot.) With the parts not
corresponding in number.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the
femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; --
said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras.
(b) Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and
middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister
beetles and oil beetles.
Het`er*o*mor"phic (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / form.]
(Biol.) Deviating from the normal, perfect, or
mature form; having different forms at different stages of
existence, or in different individuals of the same species; --
applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference
of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having
more than one form of flower.
{ Het`er*o*mor"phism (?),
Het`er*o*mor"phy (?), } n.
(Biol.) The state or quality of being
heteromorphic.
Het`er*o*mor"phous (?), a.
(Biol.) Heteromorphic.
\'d8Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + / a muscle.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of bivalve shells,
including the marine mussels, in which the two adductor muscles
are very unequal. See Dreissena, and Illust.
under Byssus.
\'d8Het`e*ro*ne*re"is (?), n.
[NL. See Hetero-, and Nereis.]
(Zo\'94l.) A free-swimming, dimorphic, sexual
form of certain species of Nereis.
Het`er*on"o*mous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. no`mos law.]
Subject to the law of another.
Krauth-Fleming.
Het`er*on"o*my (?), n. 1.
Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political
subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to
autonomy.
2. (Metaph.) A term applied by Kant to
those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence
done to us by our passions, wants, or desires.
Krauth-Fleming.
Het"er*o*nym (?), n. That which
is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation
from some other thing; -- opposed to homonym.
Het`er*on"y*mous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. "o`nyma, for
"o`noma a name.] Having different names or
designations; standing in opposite relations.
J. Le Conte.
-- Het"er*on"y*mous*ly,
adv.
Het`er*o*ou`si*an (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / being, essence.]
Having different essential qualities; of a different
nature.
Het`er*o*ou"si*an (?), n.
(Eccl. Hist.) One of those Arians who held that
the Son was of a different substance from the Father.
Het`er*o*ou"si*ous (?), a. See
Heteroousian.
Het`er*o*path"ic (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / suffering, fr. /, /, to
suffer.] Of or pertaining to the method of
heteropathy; allopathic.
Het`er*op"a*thy (?), n. [See
Heteropathic.] (Med.) That mode of
treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by
inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it;
allopathy.
Het`er*o*pel"mous (?), a.
[Hetero- + Gr. / the sole of the foot.]
(Anat.) Having each of the two flexor tendons of
the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second
toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See
Illust. in Append.
\'d8Het`e*roph"a*gi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Altrices.
Het`er*oph"e*mist (?), n. One
liable to the fault of heterophemy.
Het`er*oph"e*my (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / voice, speech, fr. / to
speak.] The unconscious saying, in speech or in
writing, of that which one does not intend to say; -- frequently
the very reverse of the thought which is present to
consciousness.<-- Freudian slip -->
R. G. White.
Het`er*oph"o*ny (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / voice.]
(Med.) An abnormal state of the voice.
Mayne.
Het`er*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr.
/ other + / leaf: cf. F.
h\'82t\'82rophylle.] (Bot.)
Having leaves of more than one shape on the same
plant.
Het"er*o*plasm (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / anything formed or
molded.] An abnormal formation foreign to the economy,
and composed of elements different from those are found in it in
its normal condition.
Dunglison.
Het`er*o*plas"tic (?), a.
[Hetero- + -plastic.]
(Biol.) Producing a different type of organism;
developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which
develops into bone.
Haeckel.
Het`er*o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F.
h\'82t\'82ropode.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Heteropoda. -- a.
Heteropodous.
\'d8Het`e*rop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having
the foot developed into a median fin. Some of the species are
naked; others, as Carinaria and Atlanta,
have thin glassy shells.
Het`er*op"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Heteropoda.
Het`er*op"ter (?), n. One of
the Heteroptera.
\'d8Het`e*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / other + / a wing.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the
base of the anterior wings is thickened. See
Hemiptera.
Het`er*op"tics (?), n.
[Hetero- + optics.] False
optics.
Spectator.
Het`er*os"cian (?), n. [Gr.
/; / other + / shadow: cf. F.
h\'82t\'82roscien.] One who lives either
north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives
on the other side of them; -- so called because at noon the
shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward,
the other southward).
\'d8Het`e*ro"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / alteration, fr. / other, different.]
(Rhet.) A figure of speech by which one form of a
noun, verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in
the sentence: \'bdWhat is life to such as
me?\'b8
Aytoun.
\'d8Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + /, /, body.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, comprising the
flounders, halibut, sole, etc., having the body and head
asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Called also
Heterosomata,
Heterosomi.
{ Het`er*o*spor"ic (?),
Het`er*o*spor"ous (?), } a.
[Hetero- + spore.]
(Bot.) Producing two kinds of spores unlike each
other.
Het"er*o*styled (?), a.
(Bot.) Having styles of two or more distinct
forms or lengths.
Darwin.
Het`er*o*sty"lism (?), n.
(Bot.) The condition of being heterostyled.
Het`er*o*tac"tous (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to, or characterized by,
heterotaxy.
Het"er*o*tax`y (?), n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / an arrangement, fr. / to
arrange.] (Biol.) Variation in arrangement
from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or
structure, as, in botany, the deviation in position of the
organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical
arrangement.
{ Het`er*ot"o*pism (?),
Het`er*ot"o*py (?), } n.
[Hetero- + Gr. / place: cf. F.
h\'82t\'82rotopie.] 1.
(Med.) A deviation from the natural position; --
a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are
abnormal in situation.
2. (Biol.) A deviation from the natural
position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years,
by the gradual displacement of germ cells.
<-- p. 691 -->
\'d8Het`e*rot"ri*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / other + /, gen. /, a hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria,
having fine cilia all over the body, and a circle of larger ones
around the anterior end.
Het`er*ot"ro*pal (?),
Het`er*ot"ro*pous (/), a.
[Gr. "etero`tropos turning another way; / other
+ / to turn: cf. F. h\'82t\'82rotrope.]
(Bot.) Having the embryo or ovule oblique or
transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous.
Gray.
He"thing (?), n. Contempt;
scorn. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Het"man (?), n.; pl.
Hetmans (#). [Pol.
hetman. Cf. Ataman.] A Cossack
headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now
held by the heir to the throne of Russia.
Heugh (?), n. [Cf.
Hogh.] 1. A crag; a cliff; a glen
with overhanging sides. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
2. A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a
quarry. [Scot.]
Heuk (?), n. Variant of
Huke. [Obs.]
Heu"land*ite (?), n. [After
Heuland, an English mineralogist.]
(Min.) A mineral of the Zeolite family, often
occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in
monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It
is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.
Heu*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. / to
discover.] Serving to discover or find out.
Hev"ed (?), n. The head.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hew (?), v. t.
[imp. Hewed (?); p.
p. Hewed or Hewn (/); p.
pr. & vb. n. Hewing.] [AS.
he\'a0wan; akin to D. houwen, OHG.
houwan, G. hauen, Icel.
h\'94ggva, Sw. hugga, Dan.
hugge, Lith. kova battle, Russ.
kovate to hammer, forge. Cf. Hay cut grass,
Hoe.] 1. To cut with an ax; to fell
with a sharp instrument; -- often with down, or
off.
Shak.
2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to
cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with out;
as, to hew out a sepulcher.
Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn.
Is. li. 1.
Rather polishing old works than hewing out new.
Pope.
3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.
Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder.
Shak.
Hew, n. Destruction by cutting
down. [Obs.]
Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew.
Spenser.
Hew, n. 1. Hue; color.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Shape; form. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hewe (?), n. [Cf. Hind
a peasant.] A domestic servant; a retainer.
[Obs.] \'bdFalse homely hewe.\'b8
Chaucer.
Hew"er (?), n. One who
hews.
Hew"hole` (?), n. [Cf.
Hickwall.] (Zo\'94l.) The European
green woodpecker. See Yaffle.
Hewn (?), a. 1.
Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared;
as, a house built of hewn logs.
2. Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as,
hewn stone.
Hex- (?), Hex"a
(#). [Gr. / six. See Six.]
A prefix or combining form, used to denote six,
sixth, etc.; as, hexatomic,
hexabasic.
Hex`a*ba"sic (?), a.
[Hexa- + basic.]
(Chem.) Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals
capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of
acids; as, mellitic acid is hexabasic.
Hex`a*cap"su*lar (?), a.
[Hexa- + capsular.]
(Bot.) Having six capsules or seed vessels.
Hex"a*chord (?), n.
[Hexa- + Gr. / string, chord: cf. F.
hexacorde.] (Mus.) A series of
six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the
other intervals being whole tones.
Hex`ac"id (?), a.
[Hex- + acid.]
(Chem.) Having six atoms or radicals capable of
being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases;
as, mannite is a hexacid base.
Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having six-rayed spicules; belonging
to the Hexactinellin\'91.
Hex*ac`ti*nel"line (?), a.
[From NL. Hexactinellin\'91, fr. Gr. / six + a
dim. of /, /, a ray.] (Zo\'94l.)
Belonging to the Hexactinellin\'91, a group of
sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.
\'d8Hex`ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Hex-, and Actinia.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.
Hex"ad (?), n. [L.
hexas, hexadis, the number six, Gr. /,
/, fr. / six.] (chem.) An atom whose
valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with,
substituted for, or replaced by, six monad atoms or
radicals; as, sulphur is a hexad in sulphuric
acid. Also used as an adjective.
Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr.
/; / six + / finger: cf. F. hexadactyle.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having six fingers or toes.
Hex"ade (?), n. [See
Hexad.] A series of six numbers.
Hex"a*dec`ane (?), n.
(Chem.) See Hecdecane.
Hex"a*gon (?), n. [L.
hexagonum, Gr. / six-cornered; / six (akin to E.
six) + / angle.] (Geom.) A
plane figure of six angles.
Regular hexagon, a hexagon in which the angles
are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.
Hex*ag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
hexagonal.] Having six sides and six
angles; six-sided.
Hexagonal system. (Crystal.) See
under Crystallization.
Hex*ag"o*nal*ly, adv. In an hexagonal
manner.
Hex*ag"o*ny (?), n. A
hexagon. [Obs.]
Bramhall.
\'d8Hex`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / six + / a woman, female: cf. F.
hexagynie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
order of plants having six pistils.
Hex`a*gyn"i*an (?), Hex*ag"y*nous
(/), a. [Cf. F.
hexagyne.] (Bot.) Having six
pistils.
Hex`a*he"dral (?), a. In the
form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.
Hex`a*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E.
Hexahedrons (#), L. Hexahedra
(#). [Hexa- + Gr. / seat, base,
fr. / to sit: cf. F. hexa\'8adre.]
(Geom.) A solid body of six sides or faces.
Regular hexahedron, a hexagon having six equal
squares for its sides; a cube.
Hex`a*hem"er*on (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / six + / day; cf. L. hexa\'89meron, Gr.
/.]
1. A term of six days.
Good.
2. The history of the six day's work of creation,
as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.
Hex*am"er*ous (?), a.
[Hexa- + Gr./ part.] (Bot.)
In six parts; in sixes.
Hex*am"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. / of six meters; (sc. /) hexameter verse; / six + /
measure: cf. F. hexam\'8atre. See Six, and
Meter.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A verse
of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or
spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth
always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad
of Homer and the \'92neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent
takes the place of quantity.
Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the |
voice of the | huntsman.
Longfellow.
Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless
| billows,
Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the
| ocean.
Coleridge.
Hex*am"e*ter, a. Having six metrical
feet, especially dactyls and spondees.
Holland.
{ Hex`a*met"ric (?),
Hex`a*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Consisting of six metrical feet.
Hex*am"e*trist (?), n. One who
writes in hexameters. \'bdThe Christian
hexametrists.\'b8
Milman.
\'d8Hex*an"dri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / six + /, /, a man, male: cf. F.
hexandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
class of plants having six stamens.
{ Hex*an"dri*an (?), Hex-an"drous
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
hexandre.] (Bot.) Having six
stamens.
Hex"ane (?), n. [Gr. /
six.] (Chem.)Any one of five hydrocarbons,
C6H14, of the paraffin series. They are
colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the
molecule has six carbon atoms.
Hex*an"gu*lar (?), a.
[Hex- + angular. Cf.
Sexangular.] Having six angles or
corners.
Hex`a*pet"al*ous (?), a.
[Hexa- + petal: cf. F.
hexap\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having
six petals.
Hex*aph"yl*lous (?), a.
[Hexa- + Gr. / a leaf: cf. F.
hexaphylle.] (Bot.) Having six
leaves or leaflets.
\'d8Hex"a*pla (?), n. Etym.
pl., but syntactically sing.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, fr. /, contr. /, sixfold.]
A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six
versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the
Old Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century.
Hex"a*pod (?), a. [Gr. /,
/, sixfooted; / six + /, /, foot: cf. F.
hexapode.] Having six feet. --
n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having
six feet; one of the Hexapoda.
\'d8Hex*ap"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / six + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) The true, or six-legged, insects;
insects other than myriapods and arachnids.
Insecta.
The Hexapoda are divided into several orders.
Hex*ap"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having six feet; belonging to the
Hexapoda.
Hex*ap"ter*ous (?), a.
[Hexa- + Gr. / wing.] (Bot.)
Having six processes.
Gray.
{ Hex"a*stich (?),
\'d8Hex*as"ti*chon (?), } n.
[L. hexastichus of six rows, lines, or verses,
Gr. /; "e`x six + sti`chos row, line,
verse.] A poem consisting of six verses or
lines.
Hex"a*style (?), a. [Gr. /
with six columns; / six + / column: cf. F.
hexastyle.] (Arch.) Having six
columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple. --
n. A hexastyle portico or
temple.
Hex"a*teuch` (?), n.
[Hexa- + / a tool, a book.] The
first six books of the Old Testament.
Hex`a*tom"ic (?), a.
[Hex- + atomic.]
(Chem.) (a) Having six atoms in the
molecule. [R.] (b) Having six
replaceable radicals.
Hex*av"a*lent (?), a.
[Hexa- + L. valens, -entis,
p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.)
Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.
Hex"de*cyl (?), n.
[Hex- + decyl.]
(Chem.) The essential radical,
C16H33, of hecdecane.
Hex`de*cyl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl
or hecdecane; as, hexdecylic alcohol.
Hex*ei"ko*sane (?), n.
[Hex- + eikosane.]
(chem.) A hydrocarbon, C26H54,
resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has
twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also
hexacosane.]
Hex"ene (?), n. [Gr. /
six.] (Chem.) Same as
Hexylene.
Hex`i*col"ogy (?), n. [Gr. /
state or habit + -logy.] The science which
treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other
organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally.
<-- = ecology -->
St. George Mivart.
Hex"ine (?), n. [Gr.
"e`x six.] (Chem.) A
hydrocarbon, C6H10, of the acetylene series,
obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid;
-- called also hexoylene.
Hex*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n.
[Hex- + octahedron.]
(Geom.) A solid having forty-eight equal
triangular faces.
Hex*o"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as,
hexoic acid.
Hex"one (?), n.
[Hex- + -one.]
(Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon,
C6H8, of the valylene series, obtained from
distillation products of certain fats and gums.
Hex"yl (?), n. [Hex-
+ -yl.] (chem.) A compound
radical, C6H13, regarded as the essential
residue of hexane, and a related series of
compounds.
Hex"yl*ene (?), n.
[Hex- + -yl +
ethlene.] (Chem.) A colorless,
liquid hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene
series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of
distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of
hexylene proper. Called also hexene.
Hex*yl"ic (?), a. (chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; as,
hexylic alcohol.
Hey (?), a. [See
High.] High. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hey (?), interj. [OE.
hei; cf. D. & G. hei.] 1.
An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement.
Shak.
2. A cry to set dogs on.
Shak.
Hey"day` (?), interj. [Cf. G.
heida, or hei da, D. hei daar.
Cf. Hey, and There.] An expression
of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder.
B. Jonson.
Hey"day` (?), n. [Prob. for.
high day. See High, and
Day.] The time of triumph and exultation;
hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness.
The heyday in the blood is tame.
Shak.
In the heyday of their victories.
J. H. Newman.
Hey"de*guy (?), n. [Perh. fr.
heyday + guise.] A kind of country-dance or
round. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Heyh, Heygh (/),
a. High. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Heyne (?), n. [AS.
he\'a0n low, mean.] A wretch; a
rascal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hey"ten (?), adv. [Icel.
h//an.] Hence.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hi*a"tion (?), n. [See
Hiatus.] Act of gaping.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Hi*a"tus (?), n.; pl. L.
Hiatus, E. Hiatuses (#).
[L., fr. hiare, hiatum, to gape; akin
to E. yawn. See Yawn.] 1.
An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a
manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where
something is wanting; a break.
2. (Gram.) The concurrence of two vowels
in two successive words or syllables.
Pope.
Hi*ber"na*cle (?), n. [L.
hibernaculum a winter residence, pl.
hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F.
hibernacle. See Hibernate.] That
which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter
quarters; as, the hibernacle of an animal or a
plant.
Martyn.
\'d8Hi`ber*nac"u*lum (?), n.
[See Hibernacle.] 1.
(Bot.) A winter bud, in which the rudimentary
foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs in the temperate
zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A little case in which
certain insects pass the winter.
3. Winter home or abiding place.
J. Burroughs.
Hi*ber"nal (?), a. [L.
hibernalis, from the root of hiems winter;
akin to Gr. / snow, Skr. hima cold, winter, snow:
cf. F. hibernal.] Belonging or relating to
winter; wintry; winterish.
Sir T. Browne.
Hi"ber*nate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hibernated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hibernating
(?).] [L. hibernare,
hibernatum, fr. hibernu/ wintry. See
Hibernal.] To winter; to pass the season of
winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as
certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.
Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half
the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain.
Southey.
Hi`ber*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
hibernation.] The act or state of
hibernating.
Evelyn.
Hi*ber"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Hibernia, Ireland.] Of or pertaining to
Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish. -- n. A
native or an inhabitant of Ireland.
{ Hi*ber"ni*cism (?),
Hi*ber"ni*an*ism (?), } n.
An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish.
Todd.
Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic (?), n. The
native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages
spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also adj.
Hi*bis"cus (?), n. [L., marsh
mallow; cf. Gr. /.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have
large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for
their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See
Althea, Hollyhock, and Manoe.
Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us (?). [Corrupted fr. L.
hic est doctus this is a learned man.] A
juggler. [Cant]<-- ==> hocus pocus -->
Hudibras.
<-- p. 692 -->
Hic"cough (?; 277), n. [OE.
hickup, hicket, hickock; prob.
of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. hik, Sw.
hicka, Armor. hak, hik, W.
ig, F. hoquet.] (Physiol.)
A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration,
consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied
with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is
prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and
striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or
hiccough. [Written also hickup or
hiccup.]
Hic"cough (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hiccoughed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hiccoughing.] To have a hiccough or
hiccoughs.
Hick"o*ry (?), n. [North
American Indian pawcohiccora (Capt. J. Smith) a kind
of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts.
\'bdPohickory\'b8 is named in a list of Virginia
trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to
\'bdhickory.\'b8 J. H. Trumbull.]
(Bot.) An American tree of the genus
Carya, of which there are several species. The
shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it
affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown
hickory, is the C. glabra. The swamp hickory is
C. amara, having a nut whose shell is very thin and
the kernel bitter.
Hickory shad. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The
gizzard shad.
Hicks"ite (?), n. A member or
follower of the \'bdliberal\'b8 party, headed by Elias
Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting
the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the
conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United
States, in 1827.
Hick"up (?), n. & v. i. See
Hiccough.
{ Hick"wall` (?), Hick"way`
(?), } n. [OE., also
hyghwhele, highawe.] The lesser
spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) of
Europe. [Prov. Eng.]
Hid (?), imp. & p. p. of
Hide. See Hidden.
Hid"age (?), n. [From
hide a quantity of land.] (O. Eng.
Law.) A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for
every hide of land. [Written also
hydage.]
Hi*dal"go (?), n. [Sp., contr.
fr. hijo de algo, i. e., son of
something; hijo son (fr. LL. filius) +
algo something, fr. L. aliquod. Cf.
Fidalgo.] A title, denoting a Spanish
nobleman of the lower class.
Hid"den (?), p. p. & a. from
Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known;
mysterious.
Hidden fifths octaves
(Mus.), consecutive fifths or octaves, not
sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two
parts towards a fifth or an octave.
Syn. -- Hidden, Secret,
Covert. Hidden may denote
either known to on one; as, a hidden disease; or
intentionally concealed; as, a hidden purpose of
revenge. Secret denotes that the thing is known only
to the party or parties concerned; as, a secret
conspiracy. Covert literally denotes what is not
open or avowed; as, a covert plan; but is
often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly
expressing it; as, a covert allusion.
Secret is opposed to known, and
hidden to revealed.
Bring to light the hidden things of darkness.
1 Cor. iv. 5.
My heart, which by a secret harmony
Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet.
Milton.
By what best way,
Whether of open war, or covert guile,
We now debate.
Milton.
Hid"den*ite (?), n. [After W.
E. Hidden.] (Min.) An
emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina;
lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.
Hid"den*ly (?), adv. In a
hidden manner.
Hide (?), v. t.
[imp. Hid (?); p.
p. Hidden (?), Hid; p. pr.
& vb. n. Hiding (?).]
[OE. hiden, huden, AS.
h/dan; akin to Gr. /, and prob. to E.
house, hut, and perh. to E. hide
of an animal, and to hoard. Cf. Hoard.]
1. To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out
of view; to secrete.
A city that is set on an hill can not be hid.
Matt. v. 15.
If circumstances lead me, I will find
Where truth is hid.
Shak.
2. To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to
refrain from avowing or confessing.
Heaven from all creatures hides the book of
fate.
Pope.
3. To remove from danger; to shelter.
In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his
pavilion.
Ps. xxvi. 5.
To hide one's self, to put one's self in a
condition to be safe; to secure protection. \'bdA prudent man
foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself.\'b8 Prov.
xxii. 3. -- To hide the face, to
withdraw favor. \'bdThou didst hide thy face, and I was
troubled.\'b8 Ps. xxx. 7. -- To hide the face
from. (a) To overlook; to pardon.
\'bdHide thy face from my sins.\'b8 Ps. li. 9.
(b) To withdraw favor from; to be displeased
with.
Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen;
cloak; mask; veil. See Conceal.
Hide, v. i. To lie concealed; to keep
one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or
observation.
Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide.
Pope.
Hide and seek, a play of children, in which
some hide themselves, and others seek them.
Swift.
Hide, n. [AS. h\'c6d, earlier
h\'c6ged; prob. orig., land enough to support a
family; cf. AS. h\'c6wan, h\'c6gan, members
of a household, and E. hind a peasant.] (O.
Eng. Law.) (a) An abode or dwelling.
(b) A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and
old English charters, the quantity of which is not well
ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and
120 acres. [Written also hyde.]
Hide, n. [OE.hide,
hude, AS. h/d; akin to D.
huid, OHG, h/t, G. haut, Icel.
h//, Dan. & Sw. hud, L.
cutis, Gr. /; and cf. Gr. / skin, hide, L.
scutum shield, and E. sky.
///.] 1. The skin of an
animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the
undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses,
etc.
2. The human skin; -- so called in contempt.
O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide!
Shak.
Hide (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hided; p. pr. &
vb. n. Hiding.] To flog; to
whip. [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]
Hide"bound` (?), a. 1.
Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as
not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.
2. (Hort.) Having the bark so close and
constricting that it impedes the growth; -- said of trees.
Bacon.
3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or
stupidly conservative.
Milton. Carlyle.
4. Niggardly; penurious. [Obs.]
Quarles.
Hid"e*ous (?; 277), a. [OE.
hidous, OF. hidous, hidos,
hidus, hisdos, hisdous, F.
hideux: cf. OF. hide, hisde,
fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. egid\'c6 horror,
or L. hispidosus, for hispidus rough,
bristly, E. hispid.] 1. Frightful,
shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; as, a
hideous monster; hideous looks.
\'bdA piteous and hideous spectacle.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting
terror or dismay; as, a hideous noise.
\'bdHideous cries.\'b8
Shak.
3. Hateful; shocking. \'bdSure, you have some
hideous matter to deliver.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful;
terrible.
-- Hid"e*ous*ly, adv. --
Hid"e*ous*ness, n.
Hid"er (?), n. One who hides or
conceals.
Hid"ing, n. The act of hiding or
concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge;
concealment.
There was the hiding of his power.
Hab. iii. 4.
Hid"ing, n. A flogging.
[Colloq.]
Charles Reade.
Hie (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Hied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hying.] [OE. hien,
hihen, highen, AS. higian to
hasten, strive; cf. L. ciere to put in motion, call
upon, rouse, Gr. / to go, E. cite.] To
hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal
pronoun. [Rare, except in poetry] \'bdMy
husband hies him home.\'b8
Shak.
The youth, returning to his mistress, hies.
Dryden.
Hie, n. Haste; diligence.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hi"ems (?), n. [L.]
Winter.
Shak.
\'d8Hi"e*ra*pi"cra (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / sacred + / bitter.]
(med.) A warming cathartic medicine, made of
aloes and canella bark.
Dunglison.
Hi"er*arch (?), n. [LL.
hierarcha, Gr. /; / sacred (akin to Skr.
ishiras vigorous, fresh, blooming) + / leader,
ruler, fr. / to lead, rule: cf. F.
hi\'82rarque.] One who has high and
controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred
order; as, princely hierarchs.
Milton.
{ Hi"er*arch`al (?),
Hi`er*arch"ic (?), } a.
Pertaining to a hierarch. \'bdThe great
hierarchal standard.\'b8
Milton.
Hi`er*arch"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. hi\'82rarchique.] Pertaining to a
hierarchy. -- Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly,
adv.
<-- MW10 = "of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy" -->
<-- 2. Pertaining to a transitive relation between objects by
which they may be ordered into a hierarchy. -->
Hi"er*arch`ism (?), n. The
principles or authority of a hierarchy.
The more dominant hierarchism of the West.
Milman.
Hi"er*arch`y (?), n.; pl.
Hierarchies (#). [Gr. /: cf. F.
hi\'82rarchie.] 1. Dominion or
authority in sacred things.
2. A body of officials disposed organically in
ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of
ecclesiastical rulers.
3. A form of government administered in the church
by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an
inferior degree, by priests.
Shipley.
4. A rank or order of holy beings.
Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve
Of hierarchies, of orders, and degrees.
Milton.
<-- 5. Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the
topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it. The ordering
relation between each object and the one above is called a
"hierarchical relation" -->
Hi`er*at"ic (?), a. [L.
hieraticus, Gr. /; akin to / sacred: cf. F.
hi\'82ratique.] Consecrated to sacred uses;
sacerdotal; pertaining to priests.
Hieratic character, a mode of ancient Egyptian
writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a
cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal
character, as the demotic was supposed to be that of
the people.
It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of
writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called
hieroglyphic and hieratic -- were employed only for
sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular,
purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient
Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on
misapprehension.
W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).
Hi`er*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + / to be strong, rule.] Government by
ecclesiastics; a hierarchy.
Jefferson.
{ Hi"er*o*glyph (?),
Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), } n.
[Cf. F. hi\'82roglyphe. See
Hieroglyphic, a.]
1. A sacred character; a character in picture
writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc.
Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient
Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four
classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper,
or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys
the idea of the object itself; second, the
ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas,
not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third,
the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as
syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a
certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a.
2. Any character or figure which has, or is
supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any
unintelligible or illegible character or mark.
[Colloq.]
{ Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?),
Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. hieroglyphicus, Gr. /; / sacred + / to
carve: cf. F. hi\'82roglyphique.]
1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by
characters, pictures, or figures; as, hieroglyphic
writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk.
Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his,
hieroglyphical of wisest secrets.
Prof. Wilson.
2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not
decipherable. \'bdAn hieroglyphical scrawl.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally (?), adv.
In hieroglyphics.
Hi`er*og"ly*phist (?; 277), n.
One versed in hieroglyphics.
Gliddon.
Hi"er*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + -gram.] A form of sacred or
hieratic writing.
Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic (?), a.
[Cf. F. hi\'82rogrammatique.] Written
in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred
writing.
Bp. Warburton.
Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist (?), n.
[Cf. F. hi\'82rogrammatiste.] A writer
of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics.
Greenhill.
{ Hi`er*o*graph"ic (?),
Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. hierographicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
hi\'82rographique.] Of or pertaining to
sacred writing.
Hi`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/; / sacred + / to write: cf. F.
hi\'82rographie.] Sacred writing.
[R.]
Bailey.
Hi`er*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + / worship, / to worship.] The worship of
saints or sacred things. [R.]
Coleridge.
{ Hi`er*o*log"ic (?),
Hi`er*o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. hi\'82rologique.] Pertaining
to hierology.
Hi`er*ol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in, or whostudies, hierology.
Hi`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ sacred + / discourse: cf. F.
hi\'82rologie.] A treatise on sacred
things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient
writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that
science.
Hi"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. /
sacreo + / divination: cf. F. hi\'82romantie.]
Divination by observing the objects offered in
sacrifice.
Hi"er*mar`tyr (?), n. [Gr. /
sacred + E. martyr.] A priest who becomes a
martyr.
\'d8Hi`e*rom*ne"mon (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. /; / sacred + / mindful, fr. / to
think on, remember.] (gr. Antiq.) 1.
The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state
belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or
minister.
Liddel & Scott.
2. A magistrate who had charge of religious
matters, as at Byzantium.
Liddel & Scott.
\'d8Hi"er*on (?), n. [Gr.
/.] A consecrateo place; esp., a temple.
Hi`er*on"y*mite (?), n. [From
St. Hieronymus, or Jerome.] (Eccl.)
See Jeronymite.
Hi*er"o*phant (?; 277), n. [L.
hierophanta, hierophantes, Gr. /; /;
/ sacred + / to show, make known: cf. F.
hi\'82rophante.] The presiding priest who
initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who
teaches the mysteries and duties of religion.
Abp Potter.
Hi`er*o*phan"tic (?), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or relating to hierophants or their
teachings.
Hi`er*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. /
divination; / sacred + / to view.] Divination by
inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice.
\'d8Hi`er*o*the"ca (?), n.; pl.
-c\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /; /
sacred + / chest.] A receptacle for sacred
objects.
Hi"er*our`gy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ sacred + / work.] A sacred or holy work or
worship. [Obs.]
Waterland.
Hi`fa*lu"tin (?), n. See
Highfaluting.
Hig"gle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Higgled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Higgling
(?).] [Cf. Haggle, or
Huckster.] 1. To hawk or peddle
provisions.
2. To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in
buying and selling; to haggle.
A person accustomed to higgle about taps.
Jeffry.
To truck and higgle for a private good.
Emerson.
Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy (?), adv.
In confusion; topsy-turvy. [Colloq.]
Johnson.
Hig"gler (?), n. One who
higgles.
High (?), v. i. [See
Hie.] To hie. [Obs.]
Men must high them apace, and make haste.
Holland.
High (?), a.
[Compar. Higher (?);
superl. Highest.] [OE.
high, hegh, hey, heh,
AS. he\'a0h, h/h; akin to OS.
h/h, OFries. hag,
hach, D. hoog, OHG.
h/h, G. hoch, Icel.
h/r, Sw. h\'94g, Dan.
h\'94i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel.
haugr mound, G. h\'81gel hill, Lith.
kaukaras.] 1. Elevated above any
starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having
altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the
zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower,
tree; the sun is high.
2. Regarded as raised up or elevated;
distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used
indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which
are understood from the connection; as -
(a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral
or intellectual; pre\'89minent; honorable; as, high
aims, or motives. \'bdThe highest faculty of the
soul.\'b8
Baxter.
(b) Exalted in social standing or general
estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like;
dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest
circles.
He was a wight of high renown.
Shak.
(c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of
high family.
(d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the
like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant;
victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind;
high passions. \'bdWith rather a high
manner.\'b8
Thackeray.
Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand.
Ps. lxxxix. 13.
Can heavenly minds such high resentment show?
Dryden.
<-- p. 693 -->
(e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or
surmount; grand; noble.
Both meet to hear and answer such high things.
Shak.
Plain living and high thinking are no more.
Wordsworth.
(f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold
goods at a high price.
If they must be good at so high a rate, they know
they may be safe at a cheaper.
South.
(g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious;
-- used in a bad sense.
An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin.
Prov. xxi. 4.
His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted
really but to eighteen hundred foot.
Clarendon.
3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme
or superior degree; as, high (i. e.,
intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite)
noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning;
high (i. e., complete) pleasure;
high (i. e., deep or vivid) color;
high (i. e., extensive, thorough)
scholarship, etc.
High time it is this war now ended were.
Spenser.
High sauces and spices are fetched from the
Indies.
Baker.
4. (Cookery) Strong-scented; slightly
tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is
high.
5. (Mus.) Acute or sharp; -- opposed to
grave or low; as, a high
note.
6. (Phon.) Made with a high position of
some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as Guide to
Pronunciation,
High admiral, the chief admiral. --
High altar, the principal altar in a church.
-- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the
current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. --
High and mighty arrogant; overbearing.
[Colloq.] -- High art, art which
deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by
an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. --
High bailiff, the chief bailiff. --
High Church, Low Church,
two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the
Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the
doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a
sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration,
and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach
much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship.
Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many
instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the
high-church school. See Broad Church. -- High
constable (Law), a chief of constabulary.
See Constable, n., 2. -- High
commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction
in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen
Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was
abolished in 1641. -- High day
(Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix.
31. -- High festival (Eccl.),
a festival to be observed with full ceremonial. --
High German, High Dutch.
See under German. -- High jinks,
an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport.
[Colloq.] \'bdAll the high jinks of the
county, when the lad comes of age.\'b8 F.
Harrison. -- High latitude
(Geog.), one designated by the higher figures;
consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. --
High life, life among the aristocracy or the
rich. -- High liver, one who indulges in a
rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon
rich, pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C.
Ch.) See under Mass. -- High
milling, a process of making flour from grain by
several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of
by a single grinding. -- High noon, the time
when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place
(Script.), an eminence or mound on which
sacrifices were offered. -- High priest. See
in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine
Arts) See Alto-rilievo. -- High
school. See under School. High seas
(Law), the open sea; the part of the ocean not in
the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually
distant three miles or more from the coast line.
Wharton. -- High steam, steam having
a high pressure. -- High steward, the chief
steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and
extra relishes. -- High tide, the greatest
flow of the tide; high water. -- High time.
(a) Quite time; full time for the occasion.
(b) A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a
carousal. [Slang] -- High treason,
treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil
offense. See Treason.
Mozley & W.
-- High water, the utmost flow or greatest
elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. --
High-water mark. (a) That line of the
seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water.
(b) A mark showing the highest level reached by
water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of
freshet. -- High-water shrub (Bot.),
a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing
in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United
States. -- High wine, distilled spirits
containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the
plural. -- To be on a high horse, to be on
one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily.
[Colloq.] -- With a high hand.
(a) With power; in force; triumphantly. \'bdThe
children of Israel went out with a high hand.\'b8
Ex. xiv. 8.(b) In an overbearing manner,
arbitrarily. \'bdThey governed the city with a high
hand.\'b8 Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious;
proud; violent; full; dear. See Tall.
High (?), adv. In a high
manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree;
largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully.
\'bdAnd reasoned high.\'bd Milton. \'bdI can
not reach so high.\'b8 Shak.
High is extensively used in the formation
of compound words, most of which are of very obvious
signification; as, high-aimed, high-arched,
high-aspiring, high-bearing,
high-boasting, high-browed,
high-crested, high-crowned,
high-designing, high-engendered,
high-feeding, high-flaming,
high-flavored, high-gazing,
high-heaped, high-heeled,
high-priced, high-reared,
high-resolved, high-rigged,
high-seated, high-shouldered,
high-soaring, high-towering,
high-voiced, and the like.
High and low, everywhere; in all supposable
places; as, I hunted high and low.
[Colloq.]
High, n. 1. An elevated place;
a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.
2. People of rank or high station; as,
high and low.
3. (Card Playing) The highest card dealt
or drawn.
High, low, jack, and the game, a game at
cards; -- also called all fours, old
sledge, and seven up. --
In high and low, utterly; completely; in every
respect. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- On
high, aloft; above.
The dayspring from on high hath visited us.
Luke i. 78.
-- The Most High, the Supreme Being;
God.
High (?), v. i. To rise;
as, the sun higheth. [Obs.]
High"bind`er (?), n. A ruffian;
one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members
of certain alleged societies among the Chinese. [U.
S.]
High"-blown` (?), a. Inflated,
as with conceit.
High"born` (?), a. Of noble
birth.
Shak.
High"-bred` (?), a. Bred in
high life; of pure blood.
Byron.
High"-built` (?), a. Of lofty
structure; tall. \'bdHigh-built organs.\'b8
Tennyson.
The high-built elephant his castle rears.
Creech.
High"-church` (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or
their doctrines or policy. See High Church, under
High, a.
High"-church`ism (?), n. The
principles of the high-church party.
High"-church`man (?), n.; pl.
-men (/). One who holds
high-church principles.
High"-church`man-ship, n. The state of
being a high-churchman.
J. H. Newman.
High"-col`ored (?), a. 1.
Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed.
Shak.
2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation;
hence, exaggerated; as, high-colored
description.
High"-em*bowed ` (?), a. Having
lofty arches. \'bdThe high-embowed roof.\'b8
Milton.
High"er*ing (?), a. Rising
higher; ascending.
In ever highering eagle circles.
Tennyson.
High`fa*lu"ting (?), n. [Perh.
a corruption of highflighting.] High-flown,
bombastic language. [Written also
hifalutin.] [Jocular, U. S.]
Lowell.
<-- also adjective, meaning pretentious -->
High"-fed` (?), a. Pampered;
fed luxuriously.
High"-fin`ished (?), a.
Finished with great care; polished.
High"fli`er (?), n. One who is
extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners.
Swift.
High"-flown` (?), a. 1.
Elevated; proud. \'bdHigh-flown hopes.\'b8
Denham.
2. Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated;
as, high-flown language.
M. Arnold.
High"-flushed` (?), a.
Elated.
Young.
High"fly`ing (?), a.
Extravagant in opinions or ambition.
\'bdHighflying, arbitrary kings.\'b8
Dryden.
High"-go` (?), n. A spree; a
revel. [Low]
High"-hand`ed (?), a.
Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as, a
high-handed act.
High"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of
courage or nobleness; high-souled. --
High"-heart`ed*ness,
n.
High"-hoe` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker or
yaffle. [Written also high-hoo.]
High"-hold`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The flicker; -- called also
high-hole. [Local, U. S.]
High"land (?), n. Elevated or
mountainous land; (often in the pl.) an elevated
region or country; as, the Highlands of
Scotland.
Highland fling, a dance peculiar to the
Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.
High"land*er (?), n. An
inhabitant of highlands, especially of the Highlands
of Scotland.
High"land*ry (?), n.
Highlanders, collectively.
High"-low` (?), n. A laced
boot, ankle high.
High"ly, adv. In a high manner, or to a
high degree; very much; as, highly
esteemed.
High"men (?), n. pl. Loaded
dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers.
[Obs]
Sir J. Harrington.
High"-met`tled (?), a. Having
abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; as, a
high-mettled steed.
High"-mind"ed (?), a. 1.
Proud; arrogant. [Obs.]
Be not high-minded, but fear.
Rom. xi. 20.
2. Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of
or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous;
-- opposed to mean.
High-minded, manly recognition of those truths.
A. Norton.
High"-mind`ed*ness, n. The quality of
being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.
High"most` (?), a.
Highest. [Obs.]
Shak.
High"ness, n. [AS.
he\'a0hnes.] 1. The state of being
high; elevation; loftiness.
2. A title of honor given to kings, princes, or
other persons of rank; as, His Royal
Highness.
Shak.
High"-palmed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having high antlers; bearing
full-grown antlers aloft.
High"-pres`sure (?; 135), a.
1. Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding
that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and
of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.
2. Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a
high-pressure business or social life.
High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam
at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a
noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the
latter. See Steam engine.
High" priest` (?). (Eccl.) A
chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.
High"-priest`hood (?), n. The
office, dignity, or position of a high priest.
High"-priest`ship, n.
High-priesthood.
High"-prin`ci*pled (?), a.
Possessed of noble or honorable principles.
High"-proof` (?), a. 1.
Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as,
high-proof spirits.
2. So as to stand any test. \'bdWe are
high-proof melancholy.\'b8
Shak.
High"-raised` (?), a. 1.
Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.
2. Elated with great ideas or hopes.
Milton.
High"-reach`ing (?), a.
Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring.
Shak.
High"-red` (?), a. Of a strong
red color.
High"road` (?), n. A highway; a
much travele/ or main road.
High"-sea`soned (?), a.
Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting;
piquant.
High"-sight`ed (?), a. Looking
upward; supercilious.
Shak.
High"-souled` (?), a. Having a
high or noble spirit; honorable.
E. Everett.
High"-sound`ing (?), a.
Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding
words or titles.
High"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Full
of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not
brooking restraint or opposition.
High"-step`per (?), n. A horse
that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having
a proud bearing. [Colloq.]
High"-stom`ached (?), a. Having
a lofty spirit; haughty. [Obs.]
Shak.
High"-strung` (?), a. Strung to
a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as, a high-strung
horse.
High"-swell`ing (?), a.
Inflated; boastful.
Hight (?), n. A variant of
Height.
Hight (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. Hight, Hot
(/), p. p. Hight, Hote
(/), Hoten (/). See Hote.]
[OE. heiten, highten,
haten, hoten; also hight,
hatte, hette, is called, was called, AS.
h to call, name, be called, to command,
promise; also h is called, was called; akin
to G. heissen to call, be called, bid, Goth.
haitan to call, in the passive, to be called.]
1. To be called or named. [Archaic &
Poetic.]
hight, it is used in a
passive sense as a present, meaning is called or
named, also as a preterite, was called or
named. This form has also been used as a past
participle. See Hote.
The great poet of Italy,
That highte Dante.
Chaucer.
Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she hight.
Surrey.
Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher.
Father he hight, and he was, in the parish.
Longfellow.
Childe Harold was he hight.
Byron.
2. To command; to direct; to impel.
[Obs.]
But the sad steel seized not where it was hight
Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall.
Spenser.
3. To commit; to intrust. [Obs.]
Yet charge of them was to a porter hight.
Spenser.
4. To promise. [Obs.]
He had hold his day, as he had hight.
Chaucer.
Hight"en*er (?), n. That which
heightens.
Highth (h, n.
Variant of Height.
[Obs.]
High"-toned` (?), a. 1.
High in tone or sound.
2. Elevated; high-principled; honorable.
In whose high-toned impartial mind
Degrees of mortal rank and state
Seem objects of indifferent weight.
Sir W. Scott.
<-- 3. pretentious, pompous. -->
High"-top` (?), n. A ship's
masthead.
Shak.
High"ty-tigh"ty (?), a.
Hoity-toity.
High"way` (?), n. A road or way
open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare.
Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.
High"way`man (?), n.; pl.
Highwaymen (/). One who robs on
the public road; a highway robber.
High"-wrought` (?), a. 1.
Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate.
[Obs.]
Pope.
2. Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as,
a highwrought passion. \'bdA
high-wrought flood.\'b8
Shak.
Hi"gre (?), n. See
Eagre. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Hig"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf.
Hag-taper.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Verbascum (V. Thapsus); the common
mullein. [Also high-taper and
hag-taper.]
Hij"e*ra (?), Hij"ra
(/), n. See
Hegira.
Hi"lal (?), a. Of or pertaining
to a hilum.
Hi"lar (?), a. (Bot.)
Belonging to the hilum.
Hi*la"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
hilaris, hilarus, Gr. /; cf. /
gracious, kindly.] Mirthful; noisy; merry.
Hi*lar"i*ty (?; 277), n. [L.
hilaritas: cf. F. hilarit\'82. See
Hilarious.] Boisterous mirth; merriment;
jollity.
Goldsmith.
Hilarity differs from joy: the
latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of
the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking,
etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more
demonstrative.
Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety;
joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.
Hil"a*ry term` (?). Formerly, one of the
four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on
the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the
same month, in each year; -- so called from the festival of St.
Hilary, January 13th.
Mozley & W.
Hil"ding (?), n. [Prob. a
corruption of hindling, dim. of hind, adj.
Cf. Prov. E. hilderling, hinderling. See
Hinderling.] A base, menial wretch. --
a. Base; spiritless.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hile (?), v. t. To hide. See
Hele. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hile (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Hilum.
Hill (?), n. [OE.
hil, hul, AS. hyll; akin to OD.
hille, hil, L. collis, and prob.
to E. haulm, holm, and column.
Cf. 2d Holm.] 1. A natural elevation
of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the
surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.
Every mountain and hill shall be made low.
Is. xl. 4.
2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or
cluster of plants. [U. S.] See Hill,
v. t.
3. A single cluster or group of plants growing
close together, and having the earth heaped up about them;
as, a hill of corn or potatoes. [U.
S.]
Hill ant (Zo\'94l.), a common ant
(Formica rufa), of Europe and America, which makes
mounds or ant-hills over its nests. -- Hill myna
(Zo\'94l.), one of several species of birds of
India, of the genus Gracula, and allied to the
starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words.
[Written also hill mynah.] See
Myna. -- Hill partridge
(Zo\'94l.), a partridge of the genus
Aborophila, of which numerous species in habit
Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Hill tit
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small
Asiatic singing birds of the family Leiotrichid\'91.
Many are beautifully colored.
<-- p. 694 -->
Hill (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hilled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hilling.] To
surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon;
as, to hill corn.
Showing them how to plant and hill it.
Palfrey.
Hill"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being hilly.
Hill"ing, n. The act or process of
heaping or drawing earth around plants.
Hill"ock (?), n. A small
hill.
Shak.
Hill"side` (?), n. The side or
declivity of a hill.
Hill"top` (?), n. The top of a
hill.
Hill"y (?), a. 1.
Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a
hilly country. \'bdHilly
steep.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Lofty; as, hilly empire.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Hilt (?), n. [AS.
hilt, hilte; akin to OHG. helza,
Prov. G. hilze, Icel. hjalt.]
1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword,
dagger, or the like.
Hilt"ed, a. Having a hilt; -- used in
composition; as, basket-hilted,
cross-hilted.
Hi"lum (?), n. [L., a little
thing, trifle.] 1. (Bot.) The eye
of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of
attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called
also hile.
2. (Anat.) The part of a gland, or
similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the
hilus; as, the hilum of the kidney.
\'d8Hi"lus (?), n. [NL.]
(Anat.) Same as Hilum, 2.
Him (?), pron. Them. See
Hem. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Him, pron. [AS. him, dat. of
h. He.] The
objective case of he. See He.
Him that is weak in the faith receive.
Rom. xiv. 1.
Friends who have given him the most sympathy.
Thackeray.
his and him
were respectively the genitive and dative forms of it
as well as of he. This use is now obsolete.
Poetically, him is sometimes used with the
reflexive sense of himself.
I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster,
Did bear him like a noble gentleman.
Shak.
Hi*ma"la*yan (?), a. [Skr.
him\'belaya, prop., the abode of snow.] Of
or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in
Hindostan.
Himp"ne (?), n. A hymn.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Him*self" (?), pron. 1.
An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; --
used as a subject usually with he; as, he
himself will bear the blame; used alone in the
predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it
is himself who saved himself.
But he himself returned from the quarries.
Judges iii. 19.
David hid himself in the field.
1 Sam. xx. 24.
The Lord himself shall give you a sign.
Is. vii. 14.
Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify
unto himself a peculiar people.
Titus ii. 14.
With shame remembers, while himself was one
Of the same herd, himself the same had done.
Denham.
Himself was formerly used instead of
itself. See Note under Him.
It comprehendeth in himself all good.
Chaucer.
2. One's true or real character; one's natural
temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane
mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement);
as, the man has come to himself.
By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart;
sequestered; as, he sits or studies by himself. --
To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him; to
let him take his own course.
Him*self" (?), Him*selve"
(/), Him*selv"en (/), pron.
pl. Themselves. See Hemself.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Him*selve" (?), pron. See 1st
Himself. [Obs.]
{ Him*yar"ic (?), Him`ya*rit"ic
(?), } a. Pertaining to Himyar, an
ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people;
as, the Himjaritic characters, language, etc.;
applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the
primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in
Southern Arabia.
Brande & C.
Hin (?), n. [Heb.
h\'c6n.] A Hebrew measure of liquids,
containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English
measure.
W. H. Ward.
Hind (?), n. [AS.
hind; akin to D. hinde, OHG.
hinta, G. hinde, hindin, Icel.,
Sw., & Dan. hind, and perh. to Goth. hinpan
to seize (in comp.), E. hunt, or cf. Gr. / a young
deer.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The female of
the red deer, of which the male is the stag.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A spotted food fish of the
genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of Bermuda,
and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also
coney, John Paw,
spotted hind.
Hind, n. [OE. hine, AS.
h\'c6ne, h\'c6na, orig. gen. pl. of
h\'c6wan domestics; akin to Icel. hj
man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. heiwafrauja
master of the house, G. heirath marriage; cf. L.
civis citizen, E. city or E.
home. Cf. Hide a measure of land.]
1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant.
[Eng.]
The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer
Tells how man's daily work goes forward here.
Trench.
Hind, a. [Compar.
Hinder (?); superl.
Hindmost (?), or Hindermost
(/).] [OE. hind, adv.,
back, AS. hindan behind. See Hinder,
a.] In the rear; -- opposed to
front; of or pertaining to the part or end which
follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is
before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a
quadruped; the hind man in a procession.
Hind"ber*ry (?), n. [AS.
hindberie; akin to OHG. hintberi, G.
himbeere. So called because hinds or stags are fond of
them. See 1st Hind, and Berry.] The
raspberry. [Prov. Eng.]
Hind"brain` (?), n.
[Hind, adj. + brain.]
(Anat.) The posterior of the three principal
divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and
metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the
epencephalon only.
Hind"er (?), a. [OE.
hindere, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG.
hintar, prep., behind, G. hinter, Goth.
hindar; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS.
hine hence. See Hence, He, and cf.
Hind, a., Hindmost.] Of
or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which
follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the
hinder parts of a horse.
He was in the hinder part of the ship.
Mark iv. 38.
Hin"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hindered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hindering.] [OE. hindren,
hinderen, AS. hindrian, fr.
hinder behind; akin to D. hinderen, G.
hindern, OHG. hintar/n, Icel. & Sw.
hindra, Dan. hindre. See Hinder,
a.] 1. To keep back or behind; to
prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to
obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -- often followed by
from; as, an accident hindered the coach;
drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder
me from going.
Them that were entering in ye hindered.
Luke xi. 52.
I hinder you too long.
Shak.
2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut
out.
What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of
families, from having the same right?
Locke.
Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog;
prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct;
debar; embarrass.
Hin"der, v. i. To interpose obstacles or
impediments; to be a hindrance.
This objection hinders not but that the heroic
action of some commander . . . may be written.
Dryden.
Hin"der*ance (?). n. Same as
Hindrance.
Hin"der*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, hinders.
Hind"er*est (?), a. Hindermost;
-- superl. of Hind, a.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hind"er*ling (?), n. [AS.
hinderling one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS.
hinder behind. See Hinder, a., and
cf. Hilding.] A worthless, base, degenerate
person or animal. [Obs.]
Callander.
{ Hind"er*most`, Hind"most` }
(?), a. [The superlative of
hind. See Hind, a.]
[Cf. AS. hindema (akin to Goth.
hindumists), a superlative from the same source as the
comparative hinder. See Hinder, a., and cf.
Aftermost.] Furthest in or toward the rear;
last. \'bdRachel and Joseph hindermost.\'b8
Gen. xxxiii. 2.
Hind"gut` (?), n.
[Hind, a. + gut.]
(Anat.) The posterior part of the alimentary
canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine
also.
Hin"di (?), n. [Prop. a Per.
adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.] The name given by
Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is
chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari
character, in which Sanskrit is written.
Whitworth.
Hind"ley"s screw` (?). (Mech.)
A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery
of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work.
It is named from the person who first used the form.
{ Hin"doo, Hin"du } (?;
277), n.; pl. Hindoos
(#) Hindus. [Per.
Hind\'d4, fr. Hind,
Hind\'d4st\'ben, India. Cf. Indian.]
A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is
confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it
is restricted to followers of the Veda.
{ Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism }
(?), n. The religious doctrines and
rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.
{ Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni }
(?), a. [Hind.
Hind\'d4st\'ben\'c6 an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per.
Hind\'d4st\'ben India.] Of or pertaining to
the Hindoos or their language. -- n.
The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to
the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India.
It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic
words.
Hin"drance (?), n. [See
Hinder, v. t.] 1. The act
of hindering, or the state of being hindered.
2. That which hinders; an impediment.
What various hindrances we meet.
Cowper.
Something between a hindrance and a help.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty;
interruption; check; delay; restraint.
Hin"du (?), n. Same as
Hindoo.
Hine (?), n. [See Hind
a servant.] A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a
hind. [Obs.]
Bailiff, herd, nor other hine.
Chaucer.
Hinge (?), n. [OE.
henge, heeng; akin to D. heng,
LG. henge, Prov. E. hingle a small hinge;
connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja
to hang. See Hang.]
1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a
door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a
strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.
The gate self-opened wide,
On golden hinges turning.
Milton.
2. That on which anything turns or depends; a
governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this
argument was the hinge on which the question
turned.
3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west,
north, or south. [R.]
When the moon is in the hinge at East.
Creech.
Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad.
Milton.
Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.)
See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.)
Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are
connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane. --
To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder
or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment.
Tillotson.
Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hinging (?).] 1. To
attach by, or furnish with, hinges.
2. To bend. [Obs.]
Shak.
Hinge (?), v. i. To stand,
depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a
result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with
on or upon; as, the argument
hinges on this point.
I. Taylor
Hinged (?), a. Furnished with
hinges.
Hinge"less (?), a. Without a
hinge or joint.
Hink (?), n. A reaping
hook.
Knight.
{ Hin"ni*ate (?), Hin"ny
(?) } v. i. [L.
hinnire.] To neigh; to whinny.
[Obs.]
Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies
(#). [L. hinnus, cf. Gr.
/.] A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.
Hin"ny, n. A term of endearment;
darling; -- corrupted from honey. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Hint (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Hinting.] [OE.
henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS.
hentan to pursue, take, seize; or Icel.
ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan.
ymte to whisper. Hent.]
To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to
suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a
suspicion.
Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike.
Pope.
Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.
Hint, v. i. To make an indirect
reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to
something.
We whisper, and hint, and chuckle.
Tennyson.
To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly,
or cautiously.
Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.
Hint, n. A remote allusion; slight
mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder,
without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or
motive.
Our hint of woe
Is common.
Shak.
The hint malevolent, the look oblique.
Hannah M//e.
Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.
Hint"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
hinting manner.
Hip (?), n. [OE.
hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to
D. heup, OHG. huf, G. h\'81fte,
Dan. hofte, Sw. h\'94ft, Goth.
hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also Gr. / the
hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. kumpis
ham.]
1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of
one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the
huckle.
2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by
the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have
their wall plates running in different directions.
3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place
where an inclined end post meets the top chord.
Waddell.
Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate
bone; -- called also haunch bone and
huckle bone. -- Hip girdle
(Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip
joint (Anat.), the articulation between the
thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip knob
(Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the
intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip
molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a
roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other
roofing. -- Hip rafter (Arch.),
the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the
angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof,
Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof
having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip,
n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3. --
Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a
roof. -- To catch upon the hip, To have on the hip, to have or get the
advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting.
Shak. -- To smite hip and thigh, to
overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv.
8.
Hip, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hipping.] 1. To dislocate or
sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a
quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression
of that side.
2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in
wrestling (technically called cross buttock).
3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.
Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under
Hip.
Hip (?), n. [OE.
hepe, AS. he\'a2pe; cf. OHG.
hiufo a bramble bush.] (Bot.)
The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose
(Rosa canina). [Written also
hop, hep.]
Hip tree (Bot.), the
dog-rose.
Hip, interj. Used to excite attention or
as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra!
Hip, or Hipps
(/), n. See Hyp,
n. [Colloq.]
Hip"halt` (?), a. Lame in the
hip. [R.]
Gower.
{ Hip"pa (?), Hip"pe
(?), } n. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the
sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also bait
bug. See Illust. under
Anomura.
\'d8Hip*pa"ri*on (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a pony, dim. of / a horse.]
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals
allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small
lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed
to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family.
{ Hipped (?), Hip"pish
(?), } a. [From 5th
Hip.] Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See
Hyppish. [Colloq.]
When we are hipped or in high spirits.
R. L. Stevenson.
\'d8Hip`po*bos"ca (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / horse + / to feed.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse
tick. -- Hip`po*bos"can (#),
a.
Hip"po*camp (?), n. See
Hippocampus.
Hip`po*cam"pal (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
hippocampus.
Hip`po*cam"pus (?), n. [L., the
sea horse, Gr. / a hippocampus (in senses 1 and 2);
"i`ppos horse + / to bend.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) A fabulous monster, with the head
and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or
other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen in
Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune.
Fairholt.
<-- p. 695 -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lophobranch
fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some
resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also sea
horse.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A name applied to either
of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the
brain. The larger is called hippocampus major or
simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus
minor, is called also ergot and
calcar.
Hip`po*cen"taur (?), n. [L.
hippocentaurus, Gr. /; / horse + /
centaur.] (Myth.) Same as
Centaur.
Hip"po*cras (?), n. [F.
hippocras, hypocras, NL. vinum
hippocraticum, lit., wine of Hippocrates.]
A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.
Hip*poc"ra*tes (?), n. A famous
Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 B.
C.
Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made
by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of
cloth, esp. flannel of linen.
Hip"po*crat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.
Hippocratic face [L. facies
Hippocratica], the change produced in the
countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations,
excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are
sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin
of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips
pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been
described by Hippocrates. Dunglison. --
Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been
dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still
administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.
Hip*poc"ra*tism (?), n. The
medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.
Hip"po*crene (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /; / horse + / a fountain.] A fountain on
Mount Helicon in B\'d2otia, fabled to have burst forth when the
ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which
were supposed to impart poetic inspiration.
Keats.
Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene.
Longfellow.
Hip"po*crep"i*an (?), n. [See
Hippocrepiform.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a
lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See
Phylactol\'91ma.
Hip`po*crep`i*form (?), a. [Gr.
/ horse + / shoe + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a horseshoe.
Hip"po*dame (?), n. [Cf. F.
hippopotame.] A fabulous sea monster.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Hip"po*drome (?), n. [L.
hippodromos, Gr. /; / horse + / course, fr. /
to run: cf. F. hippodrome.] 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and
chariot races.
2. An arena for equestrian performances; a
circus.
Hip"po*griff (?), n. [F.
hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo. See
Hippopotamus, Griffon.]
(Myth.) A fabulous winged animal, half horse and
half griffin.
Milton.
Hip"po*lith (?), n. [Gr. /
horse + -lith.] A concretion, or kind of
bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.
Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy (?), n.
[Gr. / horse + E. pathology: cf. F.
hippopathologie.] The science of veterinary
medicine; the pathology of the horse.
Hip*poph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Hippophagous.] Eaters of
horseflesh.
Hip*poph"a*gism (?),
n.Hippophagy.
Lowell.
Hip*poph"a*gist (?), n. One who
eats horseflesh.
Hip*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
/ horse + / to eat: cf. F. hippophage.]
Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as
the Tartars.
Hip*poph"a*gy (?), n. [Cf. F.
hippophagie.] The act or practice of
feeding on horseflesh.
Hip"po*phile (?), n. [Gr. /
horse + / to love.] One who loves horses.
Holmes.
Hip`po*pot"a*mus (?), n.; pl.
E. Hippopotamuses (#), L.
Hippopotami (#). [L., from Gr./;
/ horse + / river. Cf. Equine.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large, amphibious, herbivorous
mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius), common in the rivers
of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked
skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes
and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to
be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also
zeekoe, and river horse. A
smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western
Africa.<-- pigmy hippopotamus? -->
Hip*pot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. /
horse + / to cut: cf. F. hippotomie.]
Anatomy of the horse.
Hip*pu"ric (?), a. [Gr. /
horse + / /rine: cf. F. hippurique.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Obtained from the urine of
horses; as, hippuric acid.
Hippuric acid, a white crystalline substance,
containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals,
and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it
is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.
Hip"pu*rite (?), n. [Gr. /
decked with a horse's tail; / horse + / tail: cf. F.
hippurite.] (Paleon.) A fossil
bivalve mollusk of the genus Hippurites, of many
species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a
flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the
Cretaceous rocks.
Hip"-roofed` (?), a. Having a
hip roof.
Hip"shot` (?), a.
[Hip + shot.] Having the
hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other.
L'Estrange.
Hip" tree` (?). (Bot.) The
dog-rose.
Hir (?), pron. [Obs.]
See Here, pron.
Chaucer.
Hir"cic (?), a. [Cf. F.
hircique. See Hircin.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was
obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the
peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has
also been called hircin.
Watts.
Hir"cin (?), n. [L.
hircus, he-goat, buck: cf. F.
hircine.] (Chem.) Hircic acid.
See Hircic. [R.]
{ Hir"cine (?), Hir"ci*nous
(?), } a. [L. hircinus,
fr. hircus hegoat: cf. F. hircin.]
1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the
goats.
2. Of a strong goatish smell.
Hire (?), pron. [Obs.]
See Here, pron.
Chaucer.
Hire (?), n. [OE.
hire, hure, AS. h/r; akin to
D.huur, G. heuer, Dan. hyre, Sw.
hyra.] 1. The price; reward, or
compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary
use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor;
wages; rent; pay.
The laborer is worthy of his hire.
Luke x. 7.
2. (Law.) A bailment by which the use of
a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted
for at a certain price or reward.
Story.
Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.
Hire, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hired (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hiring.] [OE. hiren,
huren, AS. h/rian; akin to D.
huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw.
hyra. See Hire, n.]
1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another
person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to
purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to
hire a farm for a year; to hire
money.
2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or
interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of
wages; as, to hire a servant, an agent, or an
advocate.
3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation;
to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease;
-- now usually with out, and often reflexively;
as, he has hired out his horse, or his
time.
They . . . have hired out themselves for bread.
1 Sam. ii. 5.
Hire"less, a. Without hire.
Davenant.
Hire"ling (?), n. [AS.
h/reling. See Hire, n., and
-ling.] One who is hired, or who serves for
wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are
wholly gainful; a mercenary. \'bdLewd
hirelings.\'b8
Milton.
Hire"ling, a. Serving for hire or wages;
venal; mercenary. \'bdHireling mourners.\'b8
Dryden.
Hir"er (?), n. One who
hires.
Hires (?), Hirs,
pron. Hers; theirs. See Here,
pron. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hir*sute" (?), a. [L.
hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid.
Cf. Horrid.] 1. Rough with hair; set
with bristles; shaggy.
2. Rough and coarse; boorish.
[R.]
Cynical and hirsute in his behavior.
Life of A. Wood.
3. (Bot.) Pubescent with coarse or stiff
hairs.
Gray.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with hairlike
feathers, as the feet of certain birds.
Hir*sute"ness, n. Hairiness.
Burton.
Hir*tel"lous (?), a. [Dim., fr.
L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)
Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.
Hi*ru"dine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the leeches.
\'d8Hir`u*din"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a
leech.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Annelida,
including the leeches; -- called also
Hirudinei.
\'d8Hi*ru"do (?), n. [L., a
leech.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of leeches,
including the common medicinal leech. See Leech.
Hi*run"dine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
swallows.
\'d8Hi*run"do (?), n. [L.,
swallow.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds
including the swallows and martins.
His (?), pron. [AS.
his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of
h/, neut. hit. See He.]
1. Belonging or pertaining to him; --
used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell
John his papers are ready; formerly used also for
its, but this use is now obsolete.
No comfortable star did lend his light.
Shak.
Who can impress the forest, bid the tree
Unfix his earth-bound root?
Shak.
his son.\'b8
Shak. \'bdBy young Telemachus his blooming
years.\'b8 Pope. This his is probably a
corruption of the old possessive ending -is or
-es, which, being written as a separate word, was at
length confounded with the pronoun his.
2. The possessive of he; as, the
book is his. \'bdThe sea is his,
and he made it.\'b8
Ps. xcv. 5.
His"ing*er*ite (?), n. [Named
after W. Hisinger, a Swedish mineralogist.]
(Min.) A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a
hydrous silicate of iron.
His*pan"ic (?), a. [L.
Hispanicus.] Of or pertaining to Spain or
its language; as, Hispanic words.
His*pan"i*cism, n. A Spanish idiom or
mode of speech.
Keightley.
His*pan"i*cize (?), v. t. To
give a Spanish form or character to; as, to
Hispanicize Latin words.
His"pid (?), a. [L.
hispidus: cf. F. hispide.]
1. Rough with bristles or minute spines.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Beset with stiff
hairs or bristles.
His*pid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim. of
hispid.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)
Minutely hispid.
Hiss (?). v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hissed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.]
[AS. hysian; prob. of imitative origin/; cf.
LG. hissen, OD. hisschen.]
1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like
that of the letter s, by driving the breath between the
tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that
made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a
sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval.
The merchants among the people shall hiss at
thee.
Ezek. xxvii. 36.
2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass
with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow hissed as it
flew.
Shod with steel,
We hissed along the polished ice.
Wordsworth.
Hiss, v. t. 1. To condemn or
express contempt for by hissing.
If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss
him, according as he pleased and displeased them.
Shak.
Malcolm. What is the newest grief?
Ros. That of an hour's age doth hiss the
speaker.
Shak.
2. To utter with a hissing sound.
The long-necked geese of the world that are ever
hissing dispraise.
Tennyson.
Hiss, n. 1. A prolonged sound
like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath
between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation
or contempt.
\'bdHiss\'b8 implies audible friction of breath
consonants.
H. Sweet.
A dismal, universal hiss, the sound
Of public scorn.
Milton.
2. Any sound resembling that above described;
as: (a) The noise made by a serpent.
But hiss for hiss returned with forked
tongue.
Milton.
(b) The note of a goose when irritated.
(c) The noise made by steam escaping through a
narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove.
<-- or the high-frequency noise from an electronic audio
instrument -->
Hiss"ing, n. 1. The act of
emitting a hiss or hisses.
2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn
and derision. [Archaic]
I will make this city desolate, and a hissing.
Jer. xix. 8.
Hiss"ing*ly, adv. With a hissing
sound.
Hist (?), interj. [Cf. Dan.
hys. /. Cf. Hush, Whist.]
Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence.
Milton.
His`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + -logy.] Same as
Histology.
His`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + E. genesis.]
(Biol.) (a) The formation and
development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of
histolysis. (b) Germ history of
cells, and of the tissues composed of cells.
Haeckel.
His`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. [See
Histogeny.] (Biol.)
Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and
development of the organic tissues.
His*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + root of / to be born.]
(Biol.) Same as Histogenesis.
Dunglison.
His*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who
describes organic tissues; an histologist.
His"to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to histography.
His*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + -graphy.] A
description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.
His`to*h\'91m"a*tin (?), n.
[Gr. "isto`s tissue + E.
h\'91matin.] (Physiol.) One of a
class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal
kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.
His"toid (?), a. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + -oid.]
Resembling the normal tissues; as, histoid
tumors.
{ His`to*log"ic (?),
His`to*log"ic*al } a.
(Biol.) Pertaining to histology, or to the
microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms.
-- His`to*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
His*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in histology.
His*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + -logy.] That
branch of biological science, which treats of the minute
(microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; --
called also histiology.
\'d8His*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + / to loosen,
dissolve.] (Biol.) The decay and
dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood.
His`to*lyt"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the
degeneration of tissues.
His*ton"o*my (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + / to distribute, regulate.]
The science which treats of the laws relating to organic
tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.
His*toph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr.
"isto`s tissue + Gr. / clan.]
(Biol.) The tribal history of cells, a division
of morphophyly.
Haeckel.
His*to"ri*al (?), a. [L.
historialis: cf. F. historial.]
Historical. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
His*to"ri*an (?), n. [F.
historien.] 1. A writer of
history; a chronicler; an annalist.
Even the historian takes great liberties with
facts.
Sir J. Reynolds.
2. One versed or well informed in history.
Great captains should be good historians.
South.
<-- p. 696 -->
{ His*tor"ic (?), His*tor"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
historicus, Gr. /: cf. F. historique. See
History.] Of or pertaining to history, or the
record of past events; as, an historical poem; the
historic page. --
His*tor"ic*al*ness, n. --
His*to*ric"i*ty (#), n.
There warriors frowning in historic brass.
Pope.
Historical painting, that branch of painting
which represents the events of history. -- Historical
sense, that meaning of a passage which is deduced from
the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was
written. -- The historic sense, the capacity
to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past
era or age.
His*tor"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In
the manner of, or in accordance with, history.
His*tor"i*cize (?), v. t. To
record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle.
[R.]
His"to*ried (?), a. Related in
history.
His*to"ri*er (?), n. An
historian. [Obs.]
\'d8His`to*ri*ette" (?), n.
[F., dim. of histoire a history.]
Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a
story.
Emerson.
His*tor"i*ty (?), v. t.
[History + -fy.] To record
in or as history. [R.]
Lamb.
Thy conquest meet to be historified.
Sir P. Sidney.
His*to`ri*og"ra*pher (?), n.
[L. historiographus, Gr. /; / history + /
to write: cf. F. historiographe.] An
historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or
designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some
governments upon historians of distinction.
His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n. The office
of an historiographer.
Saintsbury.
His*to`ri*og"ra*phy (?), n. The
art of employment of an historiographer.
His*to`ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/ history + -logy.] A discourse on
history.
Cockeram.
His*to`ri*on"o*mer (?), n. [Gr.
/ history + / to distribute.] One versed in the
phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.
And historionomers will have measured accurately
the sidereal years of races.
Lowell.
His"to*rize (?), v. t. To
relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize.
[R.]
Evelyn.
His"to*ry (?), n.; pl.
Histories (#).
[L.historia, Gr. 'istori`a history,
information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr,
knowing, learned, from the root of / to know; akin to E.
wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.]
1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge
of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of
such information; a narrative; a description; a written record;
as, the history of a patient's case; the
history of a legislative bill.
2. A systematic, written account of events,
particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science,
or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of
their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a
romance; -- distinguished also from annals,
which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict
chronological order; from biography, which is the
record of an individual's life; and from memoir, which
is history composed from personal experience, observation, and
memory.
Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise,
and is gifted with an eye and a soul.
Carlyle.
For aught that I could ever read,
Could ever hear by tale or history.
Shak.
What histories of toil could I declare!
Pope.
History piece, a representation in painting,
drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the
action. -- Natural history, a description and
classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants,
animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the
senses.
Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration.
-- History, Chronicle, Annals.
History is a methodical record of important events
which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show
the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of
motive and action etc. A chronicle is a record of such
events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive
feature. Annals are a chronicle divided up into
separate years. By poetic license annals is sometimes
used for history.
Justly C\'91sar scorns the poet's lays;
It is to history he trusts for praise.
Pope.
No more yet of this;
For 't is a chronicle of day by day,
Not a relation for a breakfast.
Shak.
Many glorious examples in the annals of our
religion.
Rogers.
His"to*ry, v. t. To narrate or
record. [Obs.]
Shak.
His*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. /
tissue + / to cut.] The dissection of organic
tissues.
His"to*zyme (?), n. [Gr. /
tissue + / leaven.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of
which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are
supposed to be due.
His"tri*on (?), n. [L.
histrio: cf. F. histrion.] A
player. [R.]
Pope.
{ His`tri*on"ic (?),
His`tri*on"ic*al (?) }, a.
[L. histrionicus: cf. F. histronique.
See Histrion.] Of or relating to the stage or
a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a
bad sense. -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Tainted with false and histrionic feeling.
De Quincey.
His`tri*on"i*cism (?), n. The
histronic art; stageplaying.
W. Black.
His"tri*o*nism (?), n.
Theatrical representation; acting; affectation.
Sir T. Browne.
His"tri*o*nize (?), v. t. To
act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically.
Urquhart.
Hit (?), pron. It.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hit, 3d pers. sing. pres. of
Hide, contracted from hideth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hit (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hitting.] [OE. hitten,
hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to
hit, find, Sw. & Icel. hitta.] 1.
To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually
with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed
at).
I think you have hit the mark.
Shak.
2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to
the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord
with; to be conformable to; to suit.
Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit
the notes right.
Locke.
There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails
with him.
Dryden.
Whose saintly visage is too bright
To hit the sense of human sight.
Milton.
He scarcely hit my humor.
Tennyson.
3. To guess; to light upon or discover.
\'bdThou hast hit it.\'b8
Shak.
4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace
by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single
unprotected piece on a point.
To hit off, to describe with quick
characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker.
Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to
perform by good luck. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hit (?), v. i. 1. To
meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by
against or on.
If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and
hit one against another?
Locke.
Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those
bodies, become conjoined with them.
Woodward.
2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired;
to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck.
And oft it hits
Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.
Shak.
And millions miss for one that hits.
Swift.
To hit on upon,
to light upon; to come to by chance. \'bdNone of them
hit upon the art.\'b8
Addison.
Hit, n. 1. A striking against;
the collision of one body against another; the stroke that
touches anything.
So he the famed Cilician fencer praised,
And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed.
Dryden.
2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a
fortunate chance; as, he made a hit.
What late he called a blessing, now was wit,
And God's good providence, a lucky hit.
Pope.
<-- esp. A performance, as a musical recording, movie, or play,
which achieved great popularity or acclaim. also used of books
or objects of commerce which become big sellers -->
3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought;
a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy
hit.
4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has
removed some of his men. It counts less than a
gammon.
5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball;
as, a safe hit; a foul hit; --
sometimes used specifically for a base
hit.
<-- 6. A murder performed for hire, esp. by a professional
assassin. -->
<-- hit man. (a) a professional murderer, esp. one working for a
criminal organization; also, "torpedo" [jargon] (b) (fig.) A
slanderer working for political purposes -- See "hatchet man".
-->
Base hit, Safe hit,
Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See
under Base, Safe, etc.
<-- Hit. adj. having become very popular
or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; as, a
hit record, a hit movie. -->
Hitch (?), v. t. [Cf.
Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch,
hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G.
hiksen, G. hinken, to limp, hobble; or E.
hiccough; or possibly akin to E.
hook.] 1. To become entangled or
caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.
Atoms . . . which at length hitched together.
South.
2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or
steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded.
Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme.
Pope.
To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another
place.
Fuller.
3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to
interfere. [Eng.]
Halliwell.
Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hitched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hitching.] 1. To
hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast,
unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a
halter.
2. To move with hitches; as, he
hitched his chair nearer.
To hitch up. (a) To fasten up.
(b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor
hitches up his trousers. (c) To
attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray
mare. [Colloq.]
Hitch, n. 1. A catch; anything
that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an
entanglement.
2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.
3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an
impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a
hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch
in the performance.
4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as,
the sailor gave his trousers a hitch.
5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope
which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary
fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch;
a timber hitch, etc.
6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed
or vein.
Hitch"el (?), n. & v. t. See
Hatchel.
Hithe (?), n. [AS.
h//. Cf. Hide to conceal.] A
port or small haven; -- used in composition; as,
Lambhithe, now Lambeth.
Pennant.
Hith"er (?), adv. [OE.
hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel.
h//ra, Dan. hid, Sw.
hit, Goth. hidr/; cf. L. citra
on this side, or E. here, he. /183. Cf.
He.]
1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying
motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of
hence and thither; as, to come or bring
hither.
2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.;
-- in a sense not physical.
Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the
highest perfection of man.
Hooker.
Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and
forward; in various directions. \'bdVictory is like a traveller,
and goeth hither and thither.\'b8
Knolles.
Hith"er, a. 1. Being on the
side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of
thither and farther; as, on the
hither side of a hill.
Milton.
2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger
than; of fewer years than.
And on the hither side, or so she looked,
Of twenty summers.
Tennyson.
To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few
years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the
name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton
and Michael Faraday.
Huxley.
Hith"er*most` (?), a. Nearest
on this side.
Sir M. Hale.
Hith"er*to` (?), adv. 1.
To this place; to a prescribed limit.
Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further.
Job xxxviii. 11.
2. Up to this time; as yet; until now.
The Lord hath blessed me hitherto.
Josh. xvii. 14.
Hith"er*ward (?), adv. [AS.
hiderweard.] Toward this place;
hither.
Marching hitherward in proud array.
Shak.
Hit"ter (?), n. One who hits or
strikes; as, a hard hitter.
Hive (?), n. [OE.
hive, huve, AS. h/fe.]
1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the
reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees.
Dryden.
2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees.
Shak.
3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a
crowd.
The hive of Roman liars.
Tennyson.
Hive bee (Zo\'94l.), the
honeybee.
Hive, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hived (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hiving.] 1. To collect into a
hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to
hive a swarm of bees.
2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to
gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.
Hiving wisdom with each studious year.
Byron.
Hive, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings
together; to reside in a collective body.
Pope.
Hive"less, a. Destitute of a hive.
Gascoigne.
Hiv"er (?), n. One who collects
bees into a hive.
Hives (?), n. [Scot.; perh.
akin to E. heave.] (Med.)
(a) The croup. (b) An eruptive
disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken
pox.
Hizz (?), v. i. To hiss.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ho (?), pron. Who.
[Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.
{ Ho, Hoa } (?),
n. [See Ho, interj.,
2.] A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.
There is no ho with them.
Decker.
{ Ho, Hoa } (?),
interj. [Cf. F. & G. ho.]
1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention,
or to give notice of approach. \'bdWhat noise there,
ho?\'b8
Shak.
\'bdHo! who's within?\'b8
Shak.
2. [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf.
F. hau stop! and E. whoa.] Stop!
stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly
to order the cessation of anything. [Written also
whoa, and, formerly, hoo.]
The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried
\'bdHoo!\'b8
Chaucer.
An herald on a scaffold made an hoo.
Chaucer.
Hoar (?), a. [OE.
hor, har, AS. h\'ber; akin to
Icel. h\'berr, and to OHG. h
illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Hei
brightness of the sky, Goth. hais torch, Skr.
k light, torch. Cf. Hoary.]
1. White, or grayish white: as, hoar
frost; hoar cliffs. \'bdHoar
waters.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Gray or white with age; hoary.
Whose beard with age is hoar.
Coleridge.
Old trees with trunks all hoar.
Byron.
3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.]
Shak.
Hoar, n. Hoariness; antiquity.
[R.]
Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable
ages.
Burke.
Hoar, v. t. [AS. h\'berian to
grow gray.] To become moldy or musty.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hoard (?), n. See
Hoarding, 2.
Smart.
Hoard, n. [OE. hord, AS.
hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort,
Icel. hodd, Goth. huzd; prob. from the root
of E. hide to conceal, and of L. custos
guard, E. custody. See Hide to
conceal.] A store, stock, or quantity of anything
accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a
hoard of provisions; a hoard of
money.
Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoarding.] [AS.
hordian.] To collect and lay up; to amass
and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of
keeping and accumulating; as, to hoard
grain.
Hoard, v. i. To lay up a store or hoard,
as of money.
To hoard for those whom he did breed.
Spenser.
Hoard"er (?), n. One who
hoards.
Hoard"ing (?), n. [From OF.
hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of German
or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G.
horde, h\'81rde; akin to E.
hurdle. Hurdle.]
1. (Arch.) A screen of boards inclosing
a house and materials while builders are at work.
[Eng.]
Posted on every dead wall and hoarding.
London Graphic.
2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing,
surrounding, or concealing something.
The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding,
the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of
tin.
Tyndall.
Hoared (?), a. Moldy;
musty. [Obs.]
Granmer.
Hoar"frost` (?), n. The white
particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost.
[Written also horefrost. See Hoar,
a.]
He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes.
Ps. cxlvii. 16.
Hoar"hound` (?), n. Same as
Horehound.
Hoar"i*ness (?), n. [From
Hoary.] The state of being hoary.
Dryden.
Hoarse (?), a.
[Compar. Hoarser (?),
superl. Hoarsest.] [OE.
hors, also hos, has, AS.
h\'bes; akin to D. heesch, G.
heiser, Icel. h\'bess, Dan.
h\'91s, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E.
heazy.] 1. Having a harsh, rough,
grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a
rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse
raven.
The hoarse resounding shore.
Dryden.
2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any
sound.
Hoarse"ly, adv. With a harsh, grating
sound or voice.
Hoars"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hoarsened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoarsening.] To make hoarse.
I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice.
Richardson.
Hoarse"ness (?), n. Harshness
or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the
vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.
<-- p. 697 -->
Hoar"stone` (?), n. A stone
designating the /ounds of an estate; a landmark.
Halliwell.
Hoar"y (?), a. 1.
White or whitish.\'bdThe hoary willows.\'b8
Addison.
2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary
hairs.
Reverence the hoary head.
Dr. T. Dwight.
3. Hence, remote in time past; as,
hoary antiquity.
4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.]
Knolles.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Of a pale silvery
gray.
6. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense,
grayish white hairs; canescent.
Hoary bat (Zo\'94l.), an American
bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the hair yellowish, or
brown, tipped with white.
Ho"at*zin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Hoazin.
Hoax (?), n. [Prob. contr. fr.
hocus, in hocus-pocus.] A
deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a
practical joke.
Macaulay.
Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hoaxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoaxing.] To deceive by a story or a
trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively.
Lamb.
Hoax"er (?), n. One who
hoaxes.
Hoa"zin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A remarkable South American bird
(Opisthocomus cristatus); the crested touraco. By some
zo\'94logists it is made the type of a distinct order
(Opisthocomi).
Hob (?), n. [Prob. akin to
hump. Cf. Hub. ]
1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub.
Washington.
2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of
a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm.
Smart.
3. (Mech.) A threaded and fluted
hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for
forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.
Hob, n [Orig. an abbrev. of
Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow
a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin,
and see Robin. ] 1. A fairy; a
sprite; an elf. [Obs.]
From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . .
Defend us, good Heaven !
Beau. & FL.
2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown.
[Obs.]
Nares.
{ Hob"a*nob` (?), Hob"and*nob`,
} v. i. Same as Hobnob.
Tennyson.
Hob"bism (?), n. The
philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English
materialist (/); esp., his political theory that the most
perfect form of civil government is an absolute monarchy with
despotic control over everything relating to law, morals, and
religion.
Hob"bist (?), n. One who
accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.
Hob"ble (?), n. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hobbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling
(?).] [OE. hobelen,
hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D.
hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See
Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ]
1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to
walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.
The friar was hobbling the same way too.
Dryden.
2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style
in writing.
Prior.
The hobbling versification, the mean diction.
Jeffreys.
Hob"ble, v. t. 1. To fetter by
tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. \'bd They
hobbled their horses.\'b8
Dickens
2. To perplex; to embarrass.
Hob"ble, n. 1. An unequal gait;
a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his
gait.
Swift.
2. Same as Hopple.
3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment.
Waterton.
Hob"ble*bush` (?), n.
(Bot.) A low bush (Viburnum
lantanoides) having long, straggling branches and handsome
flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also
shinhopple.
{ Hob"ble*de*hoy` (?),
Hob"ble*te*hoy` (?), } n.
[Written also hobbetyhoy,
hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy,
hobdehoy.] [ Cf. Prob. E.
hobbledygee with a limping movement; also F.
hobereau, a country squire, E. hobby, and
OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart
of to-day.] A youth between boy and man; an awkward,
gawky young fellow . [Colloq.]
All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the
farm.
Dickens. .
Hob"bler (?), n. One who
hobbles.
Hob"bler, n. [OE. also
hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL.
hobellarius. See Hobby a horse.]
(Eng. Hist.) One who by his tenure was to
maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman
in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby.
Hallam. Sir J. Davies.
Hob"bling*ly (?), adv. With a
limping step.
Hob"bly (?), a. Rough; uneven;
causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road.
Hob"by (?), n.; pl.
Hobbies (#). [OE. hobi;
cf. OF. hobe, hob\'82, F.
hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF.
hober to move, stir. Cf. Hobby a
horse.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, strong-winged
European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for
hawking.
{ Hob"by (?), Hob"by*horse`
(?), } n. [OE. hobin a
nag, OF. hobin hobby; cf. hober to stir,
move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hoppe
a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E.
hop to jump.] 1. A strong, active
horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from
Ireland; an ambling nag.
Johnson.
2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a
horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually
under the form hobbyhorse.]
3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly
setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse,
thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly,
or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion.
[Usually under the form hobby.]
Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the
phrase of Sterne.
Macaulay.
Hob`by*hors"ic*al (?), n.
Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric;
whimsical.[Colloq.]
Sterne.
Hob"gob`lin (?), n. [See 2d
Hob, and Goblin.] A frightful goblin; an imp;
a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit,
Robin Goodfellow.
Macaulay.
Hob"i*ler (?), n.[See 2d
Hobbler.] A light horseman. See 2d
Hobbler. [Obs.]
Brande & C.
Ho"bit (?), n. [See
Howitzer.] (Mil.) A small mortar
on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.
Hob"nail` (?), n. [1st hob
+ nail.] 1. A short, sharp-pointed,
large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the
soles of heavy shoes.
2. A clownish person; a rustic.
Milton.
Hobnail liver (Med.), a disease in
which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections
like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the
liver.
Hob"nail`, v. t. To tread down roughly,
as with hobnailed shoes.
Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush.
Tennyson.
Hob"nailed` (?), a. See with
hobnails, as a shoe.
Hob"nob` (?), adv. [AS.
habban to have + habban to have not;
ne not + habban to have. See Have,
and cf. Habnab.] 1. Have or have
not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.
Shak.
2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.)
Holinshed.
Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hornobbed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hornobbing.] 1. To
drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also
hob-a-nob.]
2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate
terms.
Hob"nob`, n. Familiar, social
intercourse.
W. Black.
Hob"or*nob` (?), adv. See
Hobnob.
Ho"boy (?), n. A hautboy or
oboe. [Obs.]
Hob"son's choice" (?). A choice without an
alternative; the thing offered or nothing.
Hobson, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and
required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood
next the stable door.
Hoc"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The crested curassow; -- called also royal
pheasant. See Curassow.
Hoche"pot (?), n.
Hotchpot. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hock (?), n. [So called from
Hochheim, in Germany.] A Rhenish wine, of a
light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also
given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.
Hock, Hough (/),
n. [ AS. h/h the heel; prob. akin to
Icel. h\'besinn hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G.
hechse, h\'84chse, LG. hacke,
D.hak; also to L. coxa hip (cf.
Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. Heel.] 1. (a) The joint in
the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia
and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man.
(b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from
either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.
2. The popliteal space; the ham.
Hock, v. t. To disable by cutting the
tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.
Hock"a*more (?), n. [See 1st
Hock.] A Rhenish wine. [Obs.]
See Hock.
Hudibras.
Hock"day` (?), n. [Cf. AS.
h mockery, scorn.] A holiday
commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on
the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also
hocktide. [Eng.]
[Written also hokeday.]
Hock"ey (?), n. [From
Hook, n.] 1. A game in
which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked
at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit
of wood) toward opposite goals.
2. The stick used by the players.
[Written also hookey and
hawkey.]
Hock"herb` (?), n. (Bot.)
The mallow.
Hoc"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hockled(?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling
(?).] [From 2d Hock.]
1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough.
Hanmer.
2. To mow, as stubble.
Mason.
Ho"cus (?), v. t. [See
Hocus-pocus.] 1. To deceive or
cheat.
Halliwell.
2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said
to be hocused for the purpose of stupefying the
drinker.
Dickens.
3. To stupefy with drugged liquor.
Thackeray.
Ho"cus, n. 1. One who cheats or
deceives.
South.
2. Drugged liquor.
Ho"cus*po"cus (?), n. [Prob.
invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. Hoax,
Hocus .] 1. A term used by jugglers
in pretended incantations.
2. A juggler or trickster.
Sir T. Herbert.
3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense.
Hudibras.
Ho"cus*po"cus, v. t. To cheat.
[Colloq.]
L'Estrange.
Hod (?), n. [Prov. E. for
hold, i. e., that which holds. See
Hold.] 1. A kind of wooden tray with
a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick,
etc.
2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal
scuttle.
Hod"den*gray` (?), a. [Perh.
akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.]
Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn
by Scotch peasants. [Scot.]
Hod"dy (?), n. [Prob. for
hooded.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Dun crow, under Dun, a.
Hod"dy*dod`dy (?), n. [Prob. E.
also hoddypeke, hoddypoule,
hoddymandoddy.] An awkward or foolish
person. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Hodge"podge` (?), n. A mixed
mass; a medley. See Hotchpot.
Johnson.
Hodg`kin's dis*ease" (?). (Med.)
A morbid condition characterized by progressive an\'91mia
and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by
Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.
{ Ho"di*ern (?), Ho`di*er"nal
(?), } a. [L.
hodiernus, fr. hodie today.] Of
this day; belonging to the present day. [R.]
Boyle. Quart. Rev.
Hod"man (?), n.; pl.
Hodmen(/). A man who carries a hod; a
mason's tender.
Hod"man*dod (?), n.
[Obs.] See Dodman.
Bacon.
Hod"o*graph (?), n. [Gr./
path + graph.] (Math.) A curve
described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of
which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the
direction of motion of, and having its length constantly
proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path;
-used in investigations respecting central forces.
Ho*dom"e*ter (?), n. See
Odometer.
Hoe (?), n. [OF.
hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG.
houwa, howa, G. haue, fr. OHG.
houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.]
1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and
arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is
made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by
which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The horned or piked
dogfish. See Dogfish.
Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in
the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind
of cultivator.
Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoeing.] [Cf. F.
houer.] To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange,
or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a
garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange
the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe
corn.
To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job.
[Colloq.]
Hoe, v. i. To use a hoe; to labor with a
hoe.
Hoe"cake` (?), n. A cake of
Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the
ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe.
[Southern U.S.]
Hoe"moth`er (?), n. [A local
Orkney name; cf. Icel.h\'ber.]
(Zo\'94l.) The basking or liver shark; -- called
also homer. See Liver shark,
under Liver.
Ho"ful (?), a.
[AS.hogful, hohful, fr.
hogu care, anxiety.] Careful; wary.
[Obs.]
Stapleton.
Hog (?), n. [Prob. akin to E.
hack to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf.
also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h,
hoc'h. Cf. Haggis, Hogget, and
Hoggerel.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera
of Suid\'91; esp., the domesticated varieties of
S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called,
respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker;
specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.
Sus
Indicus.
2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow.
[Low.]
3. A young sheep that has not been shorn.
[Eng.]
4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom
for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water.
Totten.
5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring
the pulp of which paper is made.
Bush hog, Ground hog,
etc. See under Bush,
Ground, etc. -- Hog caterpillar
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of the green grapevine
sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments
are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a
resemblance to a hog's snout. See Hawk moth. --
Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of
swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance
on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a
scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to
six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. Law
(Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )-- Hog deer
(Zo\'94l.), the axis deer. -- Hog
gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia
globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of
wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of
the second year. -- Hog peanut (Bot.),
a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum
(Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus
Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat
resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the
West Indies. -- Hog's bean (Bot.),
the plant henbane. -- Hog's
bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. --
Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under
Fennel. -- Mexican hog
(Zo\'94l.), the peccary. -- Water
hog. (Zo\'94l.) See
Capybara.
Hog, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hogging.] 1. To cut short like
bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse.
Smart.
2. (Naut.) To scrub with a hog, or
scrubbing broom.
Hog, v. i. (Naut.) To become
bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship
broken or strained so as to have this form.
Hog"back` (?), n. 1.
(Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in
the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid
horizontally; -- the opposite of camber.
2. (Naut.) See Hogframe.
3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted
strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping
sides.
Hog"chain` (?), n. A chain or
tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from
hogging.
Hog"chok`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An American sole (Achirus
lineatus, or A. achirus), related to the
European sole, but of no market value.
Hog"cote` (?), n. A shed for
swine; a sty.
Hog"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A large West Indian and
Florida food fish (Lachnol\'91mus). (b)
The pigfish or sailor's choice. (c) An
American fresh-water fish; the log perch. (d)
A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish
(Scorp\'91na scrofa).
Hog"frame` (?), n. (Steam
Vessels) A trussed frame extending fore and aft,
usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal
strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake
steamers. Called also hogging frame, and
hogback.
Hogged (?), a. (Naut.)
Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the
ends. See Hog, v. i.
Hog"ger (?), n. A stocking
without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.
Hog"ger*el (?), n. [From the
same source as hog; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the
first year. See Hog.] A sheep of the second
year. [Written also hogrel.]
Ash.
Hog"ger*pipe` (?), n.
(Mining) The upper terminal pipe of a mining
pump.
Raymond.
<-- p. 698 -->
Hog"ger-pump" (?), n.
(Mining) The for pump in the pit.
Raymond.
Hog"ger*y (?), n. Hoggish
character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.
Crime and shame
And all their hoggery.
Mrs. Browning.
Hog"get (?), n. [See Hog, and
Hoggerel.]
1. A young boar of the second year.
2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first
year.
Hog"ging (?), n. (Naut.)
Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from
sagging.
Hogging frame. See
Hogframe.
Hog"gish (?), a. Swinish;
gluttonous; filthy; selfish. --
Hog"gish*ly, adv. --
Hog"gish*ness, n.
Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's
wishes?
Shaftesbury.
Hogh (h, n. [Icel.
haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See
High.] A hill; a cliff.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Hog"herd (?), n. A
swineherd.
W. Browne.
Hog`ma*nay" (/), n. The old
name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which
children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes;
also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the
gift given to an applicant. [Scot.]
Hog"nose`snake" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A harmless North American snake of the genus
Heterodon, esp. H. platyrhynos; -- called
also puffing adder, blowing
adder, and sand viper.
Hog"nut` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) The pignut. See Hickory.
(b) In England, the Bunium flexuosum, a
tuberous plant.
Ho"go (?), n. [Corrupted from
F. haut go\'96t.] High flavor; strong
scent. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Hog"pen` (?), n. A pen or sty
for hogs.
Hog"reeve` (?), n. [See
Reeve.] A civil officer charged with the duty
of impounding hogs running at large. [New
Eng.]
Bartlett.
Hog"ring`er (?), n. One who
puts rings into the snouts of hogs.
Hog's"-back` (?), n.
(Geol.) A hogback.
Hog"score` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Curling) A distance lime brawn
across the rink or course between the middle line and the
tee. [Scot.]
Hogs"head (?), n. [D.
okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan.
oxehoved, G. oxhoft; apparently meaning
orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf.
Ox, Head.] 1. An English
measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52/
imperial gallons; a half pipe.
2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents;
esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons. [U.
S.]
Hog"skin` (?), n. Leather
tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.
Hog"sty` (?), n.; pl.
Hogsties (/). A pen, house, or
inclosure, for hogs.
Hog"wash` (?), n. Swill.
Arbuthnot.
Hog"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) A common weed (Ambrosia
artemisi\'91ge). See Ambrosia, 3.
(b) In England, the Heracleum
Sphondylium.
Hoi"den (?), n. [OE.
hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a
heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD.
heyde heath, D. heide. See
Heathen, Heath.] [Written also
hoyden.] 1. A rude, clownish
youth. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. A rude, bold girl; a romp.
H. Kingsley.
Hoi"den, a. Rustic; rude; bold.
Younq.
Hoi"den, v. i. To romp rudely or
indecently.
Swift.
Hoi"den*hood (?), n. State of
being a hoiden.
Hoi"den*ish, a. Like, or appropriate to,
a hoiden.
Hoise (?), v. t. [See
Hoist.] To hoist. [Obs.]
They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind.
Acts xxvii. 40.
Hoist (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Hoisting.] [OE.
hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D.
hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan.
hisse, Sw. hissa.] To raise; to
lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation,
by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or
weight.
They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails.
Pope.
Hoisting him into his father's throne.
South.
Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating
a hoist.
Hoist, n. 1. That by which
anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.
2. The act of hoisting; a lift.
[Collog.]
3. (/)(/) The perpendicular height of a flag,
as opposed to the fly, or horizontal length when
flying from a staff. (b) The height of a fore-and-aft
sail next the mast or stay.
Totten.
Hoist bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted
instead of being swung or drawn aside.
Hoist, p. p. Hoisted.
[Obs.]
'Tis the sport to have the enginer
Hoist with his own petar.
Shak.
Hoist"a*way` (?), n. A
mechanical lift. See Elevator.
Hoist"way` (?), n. An opening
for the hoist, or /levator, in the floor of a wareroom.
Hoit (?), v. i. [Gf. W.
hoetian to dally, dandle.] To leap; to
caper; to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Hoi"ty-toi`ty (?), a. [From
Hoit.] Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also,
haughty; patronizing; as, to be in hoity-toity
spirits, or to assume hoity-toity airs; used also
as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some
degree of contempt.
Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams?
Congreve.
Hoke"day` (?), n. Same as
Hockday.
Ho"ker (?), n. [AS.
h/cor.] Scorn; derision; abusive
talk. [Obs.] -- Ho"ker*ly,
adv. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hol (?), a. [See
Whole.] Whole. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hoi`as*pid"e*an (?), a.
[Holo- + Gr./, /, shield.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a single series of large scutes
on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain
birds.
Hol"cad (?), n. [Gr.
'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a
ship of burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf.
Hulk.] A large ship of burden, in ancient
Greece.
Mitford.
Hold (?), n. [D. hol
hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.)
The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck,
in which the cargo is stowed.
Hold, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Held (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Holding. Holden (/), p.
p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal
language.] [OE. haldan, D.
houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda,
Dan. holde, Sw. h\'86lla, Goth.
haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin.
Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.]
1. To cause to remain in a given situation,
position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to
prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to
keep in the grasp; to retain.
The loops held one curtain to another.
Ex. xxxvi. 12.
Thy right hand shall hold me.
Ps. cxxxix. 10.
They all hold swords, being expert in war.
Cant. iii. /
In vain he seeks, that having can not hold.
Spenser.
France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, .
. .
A fasting tiger safer by the tooth,
Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold.
Shak.
2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain
possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish;
to keep; to defend.
We mean to hold what anciently we claim
Of deity or empire.
Milton.
3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to
occupy; to derive title to; as, to hold
office.
This noble merchant held a noble house.
Chaucer.
Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly
tribute.
Knolles.
And now the strand, and now the plain, they
held.
Dryden.
4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or
action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to
restrain.
We can not hold mortality's strong hand.
Shak.
Death! what do'st? O,hold thy blow.
Grashaw.
He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to
hold his tongue.
Macaulay.
5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to
prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to
sustain.
Hold not thy peace, and be not still.
Ps. lxxxiii. 1.
Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,
Shall hold their course.
Milton.
6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as
something which is the result of united action; as to,
hold a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to
direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at;
as, the general held a council of war; a judge
holds a court; a clergyman holds a
service.
I would hold more talk with thee.
Shak.
7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel;
as, this pail holds milk; hence, to be able to
receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power
for.
Broken cisterns that can hold no water.
Jer. ii. 13.
One sees more devils than vast hell can hold.
Shak.
8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of,
openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to
sustain.
Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have
been taught.
2 Thes. ii.15.
But still he held his purpose to depart.
Dryden.
9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account;
to think; to judge.
I hold him but a fool.
Shak.
I shall never hold that man my friend.
Shak.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh
his name in vain.
Ex. xx. 7.
10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he
holds himself erect; he holds his head
high.
Let him hold his fingers thus.
Shak.
To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager.
Swift. -- To hold forth, to offer;
to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. \'bdThe propositions
which books hold forth and pretend to teach.\'b8
Locke. -- To held in, to restrain;
to curd. -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to
keep in expectation; to have in one's power.
[Obs.]
O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods,
And hold a lady in hand.
Beaw. & Fl.
--To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally
with. Macaulay. -- To hold off, to
keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to hold in
being, continuance or position; as, to hold a rider
on. -- To hold one's day, to keep
one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. --
To hold one's own. <-- Note! There is no (b) in the
original -->(a) To keep good one's present condition
absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as,
a ship holds her own when she does not lose ground in
a race or chase; a man holds his own when he does not
lose strength or weight. -- To hold one's peace,
to keep silence.- To hold out. (a)
To extend; to offer. \'bdFortune holds out
these to you as rewards.\'b8 B. Jonson. (b)
To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. \'bdHe can not
long hold out these pangs.\'b8 Shak. --
To hold up. (a) To raise; to lift; as,
hold up your head. (b) To support;
to sustain. \'bdHe holds himself up in
virtue.\'b8Sir P. Sidney. (c) To exhibit;
to display; as, he was held up as an example.
(d) To rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold
up your horses. -- To hold water.
(a) Literally, to retain water without leaking;
hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent,
without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as,
his statements will not hold water.
[Collog.] (b) (Naut.)
To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the
headway of a boat.
Hold, n. i. In general, to keep one's
self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed.
Hence:
1. Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the
imperative.
And damned be him that first cries, \'bdHold,
enough!\'b8
Shak.
2. Not to give way; not to part or become
separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.
Our force by land hath nobly held.
Shak.
3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to
last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist.
While our obedience holds.
Milton.
The rule holds in land as all other
commodities.
Locke.
4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to
remain attached; to cleave;-often with with,
to, or for.
He will hold to the one and despise the other.
Matt. vi. 24
5. To restrain one's self; to refrain.
His dauntless heart would fain have held
From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.
Dryden.
6. To derive right or title; -- generally with
of.
My crown is absolute, and holds of none.
Dryden.
His imagination holds immediately from nature.
Hazlitt.
Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop;
forbear. [Collog] -- To hold
forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to
preach. L'Estrange. -- To hold in,
to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could
hardly hold in. -- To hold off, to
keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to keep
fast hold; to continue; to go on. \'bdThe trade held on
for many years,\'b8 Swift. -- To hold
out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's
self; not to yield or give way. -- To hold over,
to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain
date. -- To hold to , to take sides
with, as a person or opinion. -- To hold
together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in
union. Dryden. Locke. -- To hold
up. (a) To support one's self; to remain
unbent or unbroken; as, to hold up under
misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to cease to
stop; as, it holds up. Hudibras.
(c) To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose
ground. Collier.
Hold (?), n. 1. The
act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of
holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe;
possession; -- often used with the verbs take and
lay.
Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold.
Chaucer.
Thou should'st lay hold upon him.
B. Jonson.
My soul took hold on thee.
Addison.
Take fast hold of instruction.
Pror. iv. 13.
2. The authority or ground to take or keep;
claim.
The law hath yet another hold on you.
Shak.
3. Binding power and influence.
Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold
of.
Tillotson.
4. Something that may be grasped; means of
support.
If a man be upon an high place without rails or good
hold, he is ready to fall.
Bacon.
5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement;
custody; guard.
They . . . put them in hold unto the next day.
Acts. iv. 3.
King Richard, he is in the mighty hold
Of Bolingbroke.
Shak.
6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort;
a castle; -- often called a stronghold.
Chaucer.
New comers in an ancient hold
Tennyson.
7. (Mus.) A character [thus /] placed
over or under a note or rest, and indicating that it is to be
prolonged; -- called also pause, and
corona.
Hold"back` (?), n. 1.
Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.
The only holdback is the affection . . . that we
bear to our wealth.
Hammond.
2. The projection or loop on the thill of a
vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold
back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the
strap or part of the harness so used.
Hold"er, (/) n. One who is
employed in the hold of a vessel.
Hold"er, n. 1. One who, or that
which, holds.
2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a
tenant.
3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of
exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds
it.
Holder is much used as the second part of
a compound; as, shareholder, officeholder,
stockholder,etc.
Hold"er-forth` (?), n. One who
speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher.
Addison.
Hold"fast` (?), n. 1.
Something used to secure and hold in place something else,
as a long fiat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp,
etc.; hence, a support. \'bdHis holdfast was
gone.\'b8
Bp. Montagu.
2. (Bot.) A conical or branching body,
by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from
a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture.
Hold"ing, n. 1. The act or
state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.
2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of
another.
3. That which holds, binds, or influences.
Burke.
4. The burden or chorus of a song.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Holding note (Mus.), a note
sustained in one part, while the other parts move.
Hole (?), a. Whole.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hole, n. [OE. hol,
hole, AS. hol, hole, cavern,
from hol, a., hollow; akin to D.
hol, OHG. hol, G. hohl,
Dan.huul hollow, hul hole, Sw.
h\'86l, Icel. hola; prob. from the root of
AS. helan to conceal. See Hele,
Hell, and cf. Hold of a ship.]
1. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit;
an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a
perforation; a rent; a fissure.
The holes where eyes should be.
Shak.
The blind walls
Were full of chinks and holes.
Tennyson.
The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the
lid.
2 Kings xii. 9.
2. An excavation in the ground, made by an animal
to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a
low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation.
Dryden.
The foxes have holes, . . . but the Son of man hath
not where to lay his head.
Luke ix. 58.
Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice;
orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den;
cell.
Hole and corner, clandestine, underhand.
[Colloq.] \'bdThe wretched trickery of
hole and corner buffery. \'bd
Dickens. -- Hole board (Fancy
Weaving), a board having holes through which cords pass
which lift certain warp threads; -- called also compass
board.
<-- p. 699 -->
Hole (?), v. t. [AS.
holian. See Hole, n.]
1. To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as,
to hole a post for the insertion of rails or
bars.
Chapman.
2. To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a
billiard ball.
Hole, v. i. To go or get into a
hole.
B. Jonson.
Hol*eth"nic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.
The holethnic history of the Arians.
London Academy.
Hol*eth"nos (?), n.
[Holo + Gr. / race.] A parent stock
or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or
tribes.
Hol"i*but (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Halibut.
Hol"i*dam (?), n.
[Obs.] See Halidom.
Hol"i*day (?), n.
[Holy + day.] 1. A
consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor
of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See
Holyday.
2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of
amusement and gayety; a festival day.
And young and old come forth to play
On a sunshine holiday.
Milton.
3. (Law) A day fixed by law for
suspension of business; a legal holiday.
legal holidays, so
called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the
several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d
day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May
(Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th
day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st
day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on
Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday.
In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the
first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last
Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive
proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and
prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as
holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts
(designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called
red-letter days) are observed as general holidays.
Bank holidays are those on which, by act of
Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a
holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended,
it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase
\'bdSundays and holidays\'b8 being more common.
The holidays, any fixed or usual period for
relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day
with the intervening time.
Hol`i*day, a. 1. Of or
pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay.
Shak.
2. Occurring rarely; adapted for a special
occasion.
Courage is but a holiday kind of virtue, to be
seldom exercised.
Dryden.
Ho"li*ly (?), adv. [From
Holy.] 1. Piously; with sanctity; in
a holy manner.
2. Sacredly; inviolably. [R.]
Shak.
Ho"li*ness, n. [AS.
h.] 1. The state or
quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom
from sin; sanctity; innocence.
Who is like thee, glorious in holiness!
Ex. xv. 11.
2. The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to
God or to his worship; sacredness.
Israel was holiness unto the Lord.
Jer.ii.3.
His holiness, a title of the pope; -- formerly
given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors.
Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness;
righteousness.
Hol"ing (?), n. [See
Hole a hollow.] (Mining)
Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the
upper mass.
Raymond.
Hol"la (?), interj. [F.
hola; ho ho + l\'85 there, fr.
L. illac that way, there. Cf. Hollo.]
Hollo.
Hol"la, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hollaed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hollaing.] See Hollo,
v. i.
Hol"land (?), n. A kind of
linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for
window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or
unbleached hollands.
Hol"land*er (?), n. 1.
A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.
2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown
brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also,
Dutch clinker.
Wagner.
Hol"land*ish, a. Relating to Holland;
Dutch.
Hol"lands (?), n. 1.
Gin made in Holland.
2. pl. See Holland.
Hol*lo" (?), interj. & n. [See
Halloo, and cf. Holla.] Ho there;
stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a
halloo.
And every day, for food or play,
Came to the mariner's hollo.
Coleridge.
Hol"lo (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Holloed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Holloing.] [See Hollo,
intery., and cf. Halloo.] To call
out or exclaim; to halloo.
Hol*loa" (?), interj., n. & v.
i. Same as Hollo.
Hol"low (?), a. [OE.
holow, holgh, holf, AS.
holh a hollow, hole. Cf. Hole.]
1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or
artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the
interior; as, a hollow tree; a hollow
sphere.
Hollow with boards shalt thou make it.
Ex. xxvii. 8..
2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.
With hollow eye and wrinkled brow.
Shak.
3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a
sound; deep; muffled; as, a hollow roar.
Dryden.
4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not
sound; as, a hollow heart; a hollow
friend.
Milton.
Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in
the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the
stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the
stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a
staircase. -- Hollow quoin (Engin.),
a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a
canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of
the gates. -- Hollow root. (Bot.)
See Moschatel. -- Hollow square.
See Square. -- Hollow ware,
hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen
utensils, earthenware, etc.
Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false;
faithless; deceitful; treacherous.
Hol"low (?), n. 1. A
cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything;
a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the
hand or of a tree.
2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed
part of a surface; a concavity; a channel.
Forests grew
Upon the barren hollows.
Prior.
I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little
wood.
Tennyson.
Hol"low, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hollowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hollowing.] To make hollow, as
by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate. \'bdTrees
rudely hollowed.\'b8
Dryden.
Hol"low, adv. Wholly; completely;
utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to beat, and often
with all; as, this story beats the other all
hollow. See All, adv.
[Collog.]
The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the
Turks hollow in the struggle for existence.
Darwin.
Hol*low" (?), interj. [See
Hollo.] Hollo.
Hol"low (?), v. i. To shout; to
hollo.
Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf
ear.
Fuller.
Hol"low, v. t. To urge or call by
shouting.
He has hollowed the hounds.
Sir W. Scott.
Hol"low-heart`ed (?), a.
Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or
decayed spot within.
Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.
Hol"low-horned` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having permanent horns with a bony
core, as cattle.
Hol"low*ly, adv. Insincerely;
deceitfully.
Shak.
Hol"low*ness, n. 1. State of
being hollow.
Bacon.
2. Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery.
South.
Hol"ly (?), adv. Wholly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hol"ly (?), n. [OE
holi, holin, AS. holen,
holegn; akin to D. & G. hulst, OHG.
huls hulis, W. celyn, Armor.
kelen, Gael. cuilionn, Ir.
cuileann. Cf. 1st Holm,
Hulver.] 1. (Bot.) A tree
or shrub of the genus Ilex. The European species
(Ilex Aguifolium) is best known, having glossy green
leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn
red or yellow about Michaelmas.
holly is much used to adorn churches
and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with
scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and
has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a
febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic.
The American holly is the Ilex opaca, and is found
along the coast of the United States, from Maine
southward.
Gray.
2. (Bot.) The holm oak. See 1st
Holm.
Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black
scrub oak. See Scrub oak. -- Holly rose
(Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow
flowers (Turnera ulmifolia). -- Sea
holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See
Eryngium.
Hol"ly*hock (?), n. [OE.
holihoc; holi holy + hoc mallow, AS.
hoc; cf. W. hocys mallows, hocys
bendigaid hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named
because brought from the Holy Land. See Holy.]
(Bot.) A species of Alth\'91a (A.
rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also
rose mallow.
Holm (?), n. [OE., prob. from
AS. holen holly; as the holly is also called
holm. See Holly.] (Bot.)
A common evergreen oak, of Europe (Quercus Ilex);
-- called also ilex, and
holly.
Holm (?), n. [AS.
holm, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel.
h, holmr, an island, Dan.
holm, Sw. holme, G. holm, and
prob. to E. hill. Cf. Hill.]
1. An islet in a river.
J. Brand.
2. Low, flat land.
Wordsworth.
The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms.
Tennyson.
Holm thrush (Zo\'94l.), the missel
thrush.
\'d8Hol"mi*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Chem.) An oxide of
holmium.
\'d8Hol"mi*um (?), n. [NL., of
uncertain origin.] (Chem.) A rare element
said to be contained in gadolinite. --
Hol"mic (#),
a.
\'d8Hol"mos (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr./.] (Greek & Etrus. Antiq.) A name
given to a vase having a rounded body; esp.: (a)
A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or
pedestal. Fairholt. (b) A drinking
cup having a foot and stem.
Hol"o- (?). A combining form fr. Gr.
"o`los whole.
Hol"o*blast (?), n.
[Holo + -blast.]
(Biol.) an ovum composed entirely of germinal
matter. See Meroblast.
Hol`o*blas"tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Undergoing complete segmentation;
composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk
undergoing fission; -- opposed to meroblastic.
Hol"o*caust (?), n. [L.
holocaustum, Gr. /, neut. of /, /, burnt whole;
"o'los whole + kaysto`s burnt, fr.
kai`ein to burn (cf. Caustic): cf. F.
holocauste.] 1. A burnt sacrifice;
an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the
Jews and some pagan nations.
Milton.
2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the
burning of a theater or a ship. [An extended use not
authorized by careful writers.]
\'d8Hol`o*ceph"a*li (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. "o`los whole + / head.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of elasmobranch fishes,
including, among living species, only the chim\'91ras; -- called
also Holocephala. See Chim\'91ra;
also Illustration in Appendix.
Hol`o*cryp"tic (?), a.
[Holo-+ Gr. / to
conceal.] Wholly or completely concealing; incapable
of being deciphered.
Holocryptic cipher, a cipher so constructed as
to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the
key.
Hol`o*crys"tal*line (?), a.
[Holo + crystalline.]
(Min.) Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock
like granite, all the constituents of which are
crystalline.
<-- hologram. n. a photographic image giving the observer a
seemingly three-dimensional view of the represented object. The
three-dimensional effect is produced by exposing a photographic
recording medium to an interference pattern generated by a
coherent beam of light (as from a laser) reflected from the
subject, interacting with a beam directly from the source. The
full three-dimensional effect requires illumination of the image
with coherent light, but less perfect three-dimensional effects
may also be observed when the hologram is illuminated with white
light. -->
Hol"o*graph (?), n.
[L.holographus entirely autograph, Gr.
"olo`grafos; "o`los whole +
gra`fein to write: cf. F. holographe,
olographe.] A document, as a letter, deed,
or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it
proceeds and whose act it purports to be.
Hol`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of the
nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.
Hol`o*he"dral (?), a.
[Holo + Gr./ seat, base, fr. / to sit.]
(Crystallog.) Having all the planes required by
complete symmetry, -- in opposition to
hemihedral.
Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral (?), a.
[Holo- + hemihedral.]
(Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in
which all the sectants have halt the whole number of
planes.
Dana.
\'d8Hol`o*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Holo-, and Metabola.]
(Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have a complete
metamorphosis; metabola.
Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a complete metamorphosis;-said
of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.
Ho*lom"e*ter (?), n.
[Holo + -meter: cf. F.
holometre.] An instrument for making of
angular measurements.
Hol`o*phan"er*ous (?), a.
[Holo + Gr. / visible, fr. / to
appear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Holometabolic.
Hol`o*pho"tal (?), a.
[Holo + Gr. /, /, light.]
(Opt.) Causing no loss of light; -- applied to
reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible
loss.
Hol"o*phote (?), n. A lamp with
lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them
in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses.
Hol`o*phras"tic (?), a.
[Holo + Gr. / to speak: cf. F.
holophrastique.] Expressing a phrase or
sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal
languages of America.
Hol`o*phyt"ic (?), a.
[Holo + Gr./ a plant.] Wholly or
distinctively vegetable.
Holophytic nutrition (/), that form
of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which
carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in
distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion
of albuminous matter.
Hol`o*rhi"nal (?), a.
[Holo + Gr./, nose.] (Anat.)
Having the nasal bones contiguous.
Hol`o*sid"er*ite (?), n.
[Holo + siderite.]
(Min.) Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of
metallic iron without stony matter.
Ho*los"te*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Holostei.
\'d8Ho*los"te*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + / a bone.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of ganoids,
including the gar pike, bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Hol`o*ster"ic (?), a.
[Holo + Gr.stereo`s solid.]
Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid
materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without
the use of liquids, as the aneroid.
\'d8Hol`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + sto`ma,
-atos, mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) An
artificial division of gastropods, including those that have an
entire aperture.
Ho*los"to*mate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Holostomatous.
Hol`o*stom"a*tous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having an entire aperture; -- said of
many univalve shells.
Hol"o*stome (?), n.
[Holo + Gr. sto`ma mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Holostomata.
\'d8Ho*los"tra*ca (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / whole + / shell of a testacean.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of phyllopod Crustacea,
including those that are entirely covered by a bivalve
shell.
Hol"o*thure (?), n. [L.
holothuria, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr.
/.] (Zo\'94l.) A holothurian.
Hol`o*thu"ri*an (?), a. (/)
Belonging to the Holothurioidea. -- n.
One of the Holothurioidea.
sea cucumbers, sea slugs,
trepang, and b\'88che de m\'8ar.
Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See
Trepang.
\'d8Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Holothure, and -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of
echinoderms. They have a more or less elongated body,
often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are
usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or
less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of various
characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike.
Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing
feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group
(Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in
another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also
Holothurida, Holothuridea,
and Holothuroidea.
<-- p. 700 -->
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is moved to the previous file, W600-699. -->
\'d8\'d8Ho*lot"ri*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr./ whole + /, /, a hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of ciliated Infusoria, having
cilia all over the body.
Hol"our (?), n.
[OF.holier.] A whoremonger.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Holp (?), Hol"pen (?),
} imp. & p. p. of Help.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hol"som (?), a.
Wholesome. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hol"ster (?), n. [D.
holster; skin to AS. heolstor den, cave,
fr.helan to conceal, and to Icel. hulstr
case, Goth.hulistr covering, veil, huljan
to cover. Hele to cover, Hell,
and cf. Housing, Houss.] A leather
case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his
saddle<--, or worn on the person suspended from a belt-->.
Hol"stered (?), a. Bearing
holsters.
Byron.
Holt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres.
of Hold, contr. from holdeth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Holt, n. [AS. holt; akin to
LG.holt, D.hout, G. holz. Icel.
holt; cf Gael. & Ir.coill wood, Gr. /
branch, shoot.] 1. A piece of woodland;
especially, a woody hill. \'bdEvery holt and
heath.\'b8
Chaucer.
She sent her voice though all the holt
Before her, and the park.
Tennyson.
2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection
for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place. \'bd The
fox has gone to holt.\'b8
C. Kingsley.
Hol"we (?), a. Hollow.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ho"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Holier (?);
superl. Holiest.] [OE.
holi, hali, AS.h\'belig, fr.
h\'91l health, salvation, happiness, fr.
h\'bel whole, well; akin to OS. h/lag, D.
& G.heilig, OHG. heilac, Dan.
hellig, Sw. helig, Icel.
heilagr. See Whole, and cf. Halibut,
Halidom, Hallow, Hollyhock.]
1. Set apart to the service or worship of God;
hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use;
holy vessels; a holy priesthood.
\'bdHoly rites and solemn feasts.\'b8
Milton.
2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired
innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart;
godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.
Now through her round of holy thought
The Church our annual steps has brought.
Keble.
Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league
ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe,
but really for repressing popular tendencies toward
constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of
Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of
Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and
subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the
pope and the king of England. -- Holy bark.
See Cascara sagrada. -- Holy
Communion. See Eucharist. -- Holy
family (Art), a picture in which the infant
Christ, his parents, and others of his family are
represented. -- Holy Father, a title of the
pope. -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the
third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete.
-- Holy Grail. See Grail. --
Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented
grass (Hierochloa borealis and H. alpina).
In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church
doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the
northern and western parts of the United States. Called also
vanilla, . -- Holy
Innocents' day, Childermas day. -- Holy
Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity.
-- Holy office, the Inquisition. -- Holy
of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment
of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and
where no person entered, except the high priest once a year.
-- Holy One. (a) The Supreme Being; -- so
called by way of emphasis. \'bd The Holy One of
Israel.\'b8 Is. xliii. 14. (b) One
separated to the service of God. -- Holy orders.
See Order. -- Holy rood, the
cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the
entrance to the chancel. -- Holy rope, a
plant, the hemp agrimony. -- Holy Saturday
(Eccl.), the Saturday immediately preceding the
festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter. -- Holy
Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above).
-- Holy Spirit plant. See Dove
plant. -- Holy thistle (Bot.),
the blessed thistle. See under Thistle. --
Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a)
(Episcopal Ch.) Ascension day. (b)
(R. C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy
Thursday. -- Holy war, a crusade; an
expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the
Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries,
for the possession of the holy places. -- Holy
water (Gr. & R. C. Churches), water which
has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes. --
Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed
near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy
water. -- Holy Week (Eccl.), the
week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is
commemorated. -- Holy writ, the sacred
Scriptures. \'bd Word of holy writ.\'b8
Wordsworth.
Ho"ly cross" (?; 115). The cross as the
symbol of Christ's crucifixion.
Congregation of the Holy Cross (R. C.
Ch.), a community of lay brothers and priests, in
France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and
manual Labor. Originally called Brethren of St.
Joseph. The Sisters of the Holy Cross engage
in similar work. Addis & Arnold. -- Holy-cross
day, the fourteenth of September, observed as a church
festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's
cross.
Ho"ly*day` (?), n. 1.
A religious festival.
2. A secular festival; a holiday.
Holiday is the preferable and prevailing
spelling in the second sense. The spelling holy day or
holyday in often used in the first sense.
Ho"ly*stone` (?), n.
(Naut.) A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the
decks of ships.
Totten.
Ho"ly*stone`, v. t. (Naut.)
To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.
Hom"a*canth (?), a.
[Homo + Gr./ a
spine.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the dorsal fin
spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain
fishes.
Hom"age (?), n.
[OF.homage, homenage, F.
hommage, LL. hominaticum,
homenaticum, from L. homo a man, LL. also,
a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. humus earth,
Gr./ on the ground, and E. groom in
bridegroom. Cf. Bridegroom,
Human.] 1. (Feud. Law) A
symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the
presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming
to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal;
profession of fealty to a sovereign.
2. Respect or reverential regard; deference;
especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.
All things in heaven and earth do her [Law]
homage.
Hooker.
I sought no homage from the race that write.
Pope.
3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being;
reverential worship; devout affection.
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect.
-- Homage, Fealty. Homage
was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared
himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of
the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission
or respect. Fealty was originally the
fidelity of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the
term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations
we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our
homage to men of pre\'89minent usefulness and virtue,
and profess our fealty to the principles by which they
have been guided.
Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet !
Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet !
Dryden.
Man, disobeying,
Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins
Against the high supremacy of heaven.
Milton.
Hom"age, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Homaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Homaging.] [Cf. OF.
hommager.] 1. To pay reverence to
by external action. [R.]
2. To cause to pay homage.
[Obs.]
Cowley.
Hom"age*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF.
hommageable.] Subject to homage.
Howell.
Hom"a*ger (?), n. [From
Homage: cf. F.
hommager.] One who does homage, or holds
land of another by homage; a vassal.
Bacon.
Hom`a*lo*graph"ic (?), a. Same
as Homolographic.
{ Hom"a*loid (?),
Hom`a*loid"al (?), } a.
[Gr. / even + -oid.] (Geom.)
Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces,
whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and
postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are
assumed to hold true.
\'d8Hom"a*rus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / well adjusted.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters. --
Hom"a*roid (#),
a.
Ho*mat"ro*pine (?), n.
[Homo- + atropine.]
(Med.) An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and
from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is
used for the same purpose.
Hom`ax*o"ni*al (?), a.
[Homo- + Gr. / an axle,
axis.] (Biol.) Relating to that kind of
homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic
form, in which all axes are equal. See under
Promorphology.
Home (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Homelyn.
Home (110), n. [OE.
hom, ham, AS. h\'bem; akin to
OS. hem, D. & G. heim, Sw. hem,
Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world,
heima home, Goth. haims village, Lith.
k\'89mas, and perh. to Gr./ village, or to E.
hind a peasant; cf. Skr.ksh/ma abode,
place of rest, security, kshi to dwell. /, /
] 1. One's own dwelling place; the house in
which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his
family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's
birthplace.
The disciples went away again to their own
home.
John xx. 10.
Home is the sacred refuge of our life.
Dryden.
Home! home! sweet, sweet
home!
There's no place like home.
Payne.
2. One's native land; the place or country in which
one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt.
\'bdOur old home [England].\'b8
Hawthorne.
3. The abiding place of the affections, especially
of the domestic affections.
He entered in his house -- his home no more,
For without hearts there is no home.
Byron.
4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or
was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat;
seat; as, the home of the pine.
Her eyes are homes of silent prayer.
Tennyson.
Flandria, by plenty made the home of war.
Prior.
5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a
home for outcasts; a home for the blind;
hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and
eternal dwelling place of the soul.
Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go
about the streets.
Eccl. xii. 5.
6. (Baseball) The home base; he started
for home.
At home.(a) At one's own house, or
lodgings. (b) In one's own town or country; as,
peace abroad and at home. (c) Prepared
to receive callers. -- Home department, the
department of executive administration, by which the internal
affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.]
To be at home on any subject, to be conversant or
familiar with it. -- To feel at home, to be
at one's ease. -- To make one's self at home,
to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at
home.
Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.
Home (?), a. 1. Of or
pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign;
as home manufactures; home
comforts.
2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a
home thrust.
Home base (Baseball), the base at
which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a
run. -- Home farm,
grounds, etc., the farm, grounds, etc.,
adjacent to the residence of the owner. -- Home
lot, an inclosed plot on which the owner's home
stands. [U. S.] -- Home rule,
rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as
to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing
power vested in the people within the country itself, in
contradistinction to a government established by the dominant
country; as, home rule in Ireland. Also used
adjectively; as, home-rule members of Parliament.
-- Home ruler, one who favors or advocates home
rule. -- Home run (Baseball), a
complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is
returned to the home base. -- Home stretch
(Sport.), that part of a race course between the
last curve and the winning post. -- Home thrust,
a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a
vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.
Home, adv. 1. To one's home or
country; as in the phrases, go home, come
home, carry home.
2. Close; closely.
How home the charge reaches us, has been made
out.
South.
They come home to men's business and bosoms.
Bacon.
3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a
course; to the full length; as, to drive a nail
home; to ram a cartridge home.
Wear thy good rapier bare and put it home.
Shak.
Home is often used in the formation of
compound words, many of which need no special definition; as,
home-brewed, home-built,
home-grown, etc.
To bring home. See under Bring.
-- To come home.(a) To touch or affect
personally. See under Come. (b)
(Naut.) To drag toward the vessel, instead of
holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an
anchor. -- To haul home the sheets of a sail
(Naut.), to haul the clews close to the sheave
hole.
Totten.
Home"born` (?), a. 1.
Native; indigenous; not foreign.
Donne. Pope.
2. Of or pertaining to the home or family.
Fireside enjoyments, homeborn happiness.
Cowper.
Home"-bound` (?), a. Kept at
home.
Home"-bred` (?), a. 1.
Bred at home; domestic; not foreign. \'bd
Home-bred mischief.\'b8
Milton.
Benignity and home-bred sense.
Wordsworth.
2. Not polished; rude; uncultivated.
Only to me home-bred youths belong.
Dryden.
Home-com`ing (?), n. Return
home.
Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr,
And eek my wyf, unto myn hoom-cominge.
Chaucer.
Home"-driv`en (?), a. Driven to
the end, as a nail; driven close.
Home"-dwell`ing (?), a. Keeping
at home.
Home"-felt` (?), a. Felt in
one's own breast; inward; private. \'bdHome-felt
quiet.
Pope.
Home"field` (?), n. Afield
adjacent to its owner's home.
Hawthorne.
Home"-keep`ing (?), a. Staying
at home; not gadding.
Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits.
Shak.
Home"-keep`ing, n. A staying at
home.
Home"less, a.
[AS.h\'bemleas.] Destitute of a
home.
-- Home"less*ness, n.
Home"like` (?), a. Like a home;
comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.
Home"li*ly (?), adv. Plainly;
inelegantly. [R.]
Home"li*ness, n. [From
Homely.] 1. Domesticity; care of
home. [Obs.] \'bdWifely
homeliness.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Familiarity; intimacy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.
4. Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement;
as, the homeliness of manners, or
language.
Addison.
Home"ling (?), n. A person or
thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native;
as, a word which is a homeling.
Trench.
Home"ly, a. [Compar.
Homelier (?); superl.
Homeliest.] [From Home,
n.] 1. Belonging to, or having the
characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate.
[Archaic]
With all these men I was right homely, and communed
with, them long and oft.
Foxe.
Their homely joys, and destiny obscure.
Gray.
2. Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance;
unpolished; as, a homely garment; a homely
house; homely fare; homely manners.
Now Strephon daily entertains
His Chloe in the homeliest strains.
Pope.
3. Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; --
contrary to handsome.
None so homely but loves a looking-glass.
South.
Home"ly, adv. Plainly; rudely; coarsely;
as, homely dressed. [R.]
Spenser.
Home"lyn (?), n.
[Scot. hommelin.]
(Zo\'94l) The European sand ray (Raia
maculata); -- called also home,
mirror ray, and rough
ray.
Home"made` (?), a. Made at
home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or
in one's own country.
Locke.
Ho"me*o*path (?), n. [Cf. F.
hom\'82opathe.] A practitioner
of homeopathy. [Written also
homoeopath.]
<-- p. 701 -->
Ho`me*o*path"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
hom\'82opathique.] Of or pertaining to
homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy.
[Also hom\'d2pathic.]
Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
According to the practice of homeopathy. [Also
hom\'d2pathically.]
Ho`me*op"a*thist (?), n. A
believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy.
[Written also hom\'d2pathist.]
Ho*me*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. /
likeness of condition or feeling; / like (fr. / same; cf.
Same) + / to suffer: cf. F. hom\'82opathie.
See Pathos.] (Med.) The art of
curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that
disease is cured (tuto, cito, et
jucunde) by remedies which produce on a healthy person
effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the
patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in
minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann,
and is opposed to allopathy, or
heteropathy. [Written also
hom\'d2pathy.]
Hom"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home
from a distance.
Ho"mer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Hoemother.
Ho"mer, n. [Heb.
kh\'d3mer.] A Hebrew measure containing, as
a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons,
two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs,
equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts.
[Written also chomer,
gomer.]
Ho*mer"ic (?), a. [L.
Homericus, Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of
Homer.
Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so called
because used by Homer in his epics.
Home"sick` (?), a. Pining for
home; in a nostalgic condition. --
Home"sick`ness, n.
Home"-speak`ing (?), n. Direct,
forcible, and effective speaking.
Milton.
Home"spun (?), a. 1.
Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse;
plain. \'bdHomespun country garbs.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude;
coarse. \'bdOur homespun English proverb.\'b8
Dryden. \'bdOur homespun authors.\'b8
Addison.
Home"spun, n. 1. Cloth made at
home; as, he was dressed in homespun.
2. An unpolished, rustic person.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Home"stall` (?), n. [AS.
h\'bemsteall.] Place of a home;
homestead.
Cowper.
Home"stead (?), n. [AS.
h\'bemstede.] 1. The home place; a
home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with
it.
Dryden.
2. The home or seat of a family; place of
origin.
We can trace them back to a homestead on the Rivers
Volga and Ural.
W. Tooke.
3. (Law) The home and appurtenant land
and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him
and his family.
Homestead law. (a) A law conferring
special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp.,
a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under
execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to
the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States.
Called also homestead exemption law.
(b) Also, a designation of an Act of Congress
authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels
of 160 acres each, to actual settlers.
[U.S.]
Home"stead*er (?), n. One who
has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of
acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law,
so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner.
[Local, U.S.]
Home"ward (?), a. Being in the
direction of home; as, the homeward way.
{ Home"ward (?), Home"wards
(?), } adv. [AS.
h\'bemweard.] Toward home; in the direction
of one's house, town, or country.
Homeward bound, bound for home; going
homeward; as, the homeward bound
fleet.
Hom"i*ci`dal (?), a. Pertaining
to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.
Hom"i*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L.
homicidium, fr. homicida a man slayer;
homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See
Homage, and cf. Concise, Shed, v.
t.] 1. The killing of one human being
by another.
Homicide is of three kinds:
justifiable, as when the killing is performed in the
exercise of a right or performance of a duty;
excusable, as when done, although not as duty or
right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and
felonious, or involving what the law terms malice; the
latter may be either manslaughter or murder.
Bouvier.
2. One who kills another; a manslayer.
Chaucer. Shak.
Hom"i*form (?), a. [L.
homo man + -form.] In human
form. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
Hom"i*lete (?), n. A
homilist.
{ Hom`i*let"ic (?),
Hom`i*let"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. homil\'82tique. See
Homily.] 1. Of or pertaining to
familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable;
companionable. [R.]
His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not
those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister.
Atterbury.
2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.
Hom`i*let"ics (?), n. [Cf. F.
homil\'82tique.] The art of preaching; that
branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the
best method of preparing and delivering them.
Hom"i*list (?), n. One who
prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.
Hom"i*lite (?), n. [From Gr.
/ to be in company with.] (Min.) A
borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and
composition.
Hom"i*ly (?), n.; pl.
Homilies (#). [LL.
homilia, Gr. / communion, assembly, converse,
sermon, fr. / an assembly, fr. / same; cf. / together, and
/ crowd, cf. / to press: cf. F. hom\'82lie. See
Same.] 1. A discourse or sermon read
or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse.
Shak.
2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on
some moral point, or on the conduct of life.
As I have heard my father
Deal out in his long homilies.
Byron.
Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized,
printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one
issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the
reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a
\'bdgodly and wholesome doctrine.\'b8
Hom"ing (?), a. Home-returning;
-- used specifically of carrier pigeons.
Hom"i*ny (?), n. [From North
American Indian auh\'a3minea parched corn.]
Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being
boiled in water. [U.S.] [Written also
homony.]
Hom"ish (?), a. Like a home or
a home circle.
Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life.
E. E. Hale.
Hom"mock (?), n. A small
eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a
hillock. See Hummock.
Bartram.
Hom"mock*y (?), a. Filled with
hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice.
Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr.
"omo`s, one and the same,
common, joint.
Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic (?), a.
[Homo- + categoric.]
(Biol.) Belonging to the same category of
individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so
related.
Ho`mo*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr.
/: / the same + / center: cf. F.
homocentrique.] Having the same
center.
Ho`mo*cer"cal (?), a.
[Homo- + Gr. / tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the tail nearly or quite
symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; --
opposed to heterocercal.
Ho"mo*cer`cy (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The possession of a homocercal
tail.
Ho`mo*cer`e*brin (?), n.
[Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A body similar to, or identical with,
cerebrin.
Ho`mo*chro"mous (?), a.
[Homo- + Gr. / color.] (Bot.)
Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same
color.
Ho`mo*dem"ic (?), a.
[Homo- + 1st deme, 2.]
(Biol.) A morphological term signifying
development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the
same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of
individuality.
Ho`mo*der"mic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to homodermy; originating from
the same germ layer.
Ho"mo*der`my (?), n.
[Homo- + -derm.]
(Biol.) Homology of the germinal layers.
Hom"o*dont (?), a.
[Homo- + Gr. /, /, a tooth.]
(Anat.) Having all the teeth similar in front, as
in the porpoises; -- opposed to heterodont.
{ Ho*mod"ro*mal (?),
Ho*mod"ro*mous (?), } a.
[Homo- + Gr. / a course, running.]
1. (Bot.) Running in the same direction;
-- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral
succession of leaves on stems and their branches.
2. (Mech.) Moving in the same direction;
-- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the
actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or
axis.
Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a.
Homodynamous.
Quain.
Ho`mo*dy"na*mous (?), a.
(Biol.) Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy;
as, successive or homodynamous parts in plants and
animals.
Ho`mo*dy"na*my (?), n. [Gr. /
of like power; / the same + / power.]
(Biol.) The homology of metameres. See
Metamere.
Gegenbaur.
\'d8Ho`m\'d2*o*me"ri*a (?), n.
[L., from Gr. /; / like + / part.] The
state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first
principles; likeness or identity of parts.
{ Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic (?),
Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts;
receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements
or first principles.
Ho`m\'d2*om"er*ous (?), a.
(Anat.) Having the main artery of the leg
parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds.
Ho`m\'d2*om"e*ry (?), n. [Gr.
/ like + -metry.] Same as
Hom\'d2omeria. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phism (?), n.
[See Hom\'d2omorphous.] A near
similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical
compounds. See Isomorphism.
Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phous (?), a.
[Gr. / of like form; / like + / form.]
Manifesting hom\'d2omorphism.
Ho`m\'d2*o*path"ic, a.,
Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thist, n.,
Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thy, n. Same as
Homeopathic, Homeopathist,
Homeopathy.
Ho`m\'d2*o*ther"mal (?), a. See
Homoiothermal.
Ho`m\'d2*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ like + / life.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining
to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; as,
hom\'d2ozoic belts on the earth's surface.
E. Forbes.
Ho*mog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. /
married together; / the same + / marriage.]
(Bot.) Having all the flowers alike; -- said of
such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.
Ho*mog"a*my (?), n.
(Bot.) The condition of being homogamous.
Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate (?), a.
[Homo- + gangliate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the ganglia of the nervous
system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; --
opposed to heterogangliate.
Ho"mo*gene (?), a. [Cf. F.
homog\'8ane.] Homogeneous.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ho`mo*ge"ne*al (?), a.
Homogeneous.
Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness, n.
Homogeneousness.
Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. homog\'82n\'82it\'82.] Same as
Homogeneousness.
Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr.
/; / the same + / race, kind: cf. F.
homog\'8ane. See Same, and
Kin.] 1. Of the same kind of nature;
consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature;
-- opposed to heterogeneous; as,
homogeneous particles, elements, or principles;
homogeneous bodies.
2. (Alg.) Possessing the same number of
factors of a given kind; as, a homogeneous
polynomial.
Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Sameness 9kind
or nature; uniformity of structure or material.
Ho`mo*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Homo- + genesis.]
(Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the
successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or
plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent;
gamogenesis; -- opposed to heterogenesis.
Ho`mo*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Homogenous; -- applied to that class of
homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which
are taken as evidences of common ancestry.
Ho*mog"e*nous (?), a.
(Biol.) Having a resemblance in structure, due to
descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification;
homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See
Homoplastic.
Ho*mog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ the same + / race, kind.] 1. Joint
nature. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. (Biol.) The correspondence of common
descent; -- a term used to supersede homology by
Lankester, who also used homoplasy to denote any
superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts
embryonically distinct (other writers using the term
homoplasmy). Thus, there is homogeny
between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the
right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in
homoplasy with each other, these having arisen
independently since the divergence of both groups from a
univentricular ancestor.
Ho*mog"o*nous, a. [Gr. /. See
Homogeneous.] (Bot.) Having all
the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and
pistils.
Ho*mog"o*ny (?), n.
(Bot.) The condition of having homogonous
flowers.
Hom"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.
"omo`grafos with the same letters; "omo`s
the same + gra`fein to write.]
(Philol.) One of two or more words identical in
orthography, but having different derivations and meanings;
as, fair, n., a market, and
fair, a., beautiful.
Ho`mo*graph"ic (?), a. 1.
Employing a single and separate character to represent each
sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words.
2. (Geom.) Possessing the property of
homography.
Ho*mog"ra*phy (?), n. 1.
That method of spelling in which every sound is represented
by a single character, which indicates that sound and no
other.
2. (Geom.) A relation between two
figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and
but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line
rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two
sets of points that are homographic.
\'d8Ho*moi`op*to"ton (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / in a like case; / like + /
falling.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the
several parts of a sentence end with the same case, or inflection
generally.
Ho*moi`o*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr.
/ like + E. thermal.] (Physiol.)
Maintaining a uniform temperature; h\'91matothermal;
homothermic; -- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they
maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great
variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the
cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals, whose body
temperature follows the variations in temperature of the
surrounding medium.
Ho`moi*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, of like substance; "o`moios +
o'ysi`a the substance, being, essence.]
(Eccl. Hist.) One of the semi-Arians of the 4th
century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same,
essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to
homoousian.
Ho`moi*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to
Homoiousians, or their belief.
Ho*mol"o*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Homologated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Homologating.] [LL.
homologatus, p.p. of homologare to
homologate; Gr. / to assent, agree. See
Homologous.] (Civ. Law) To
approve; to allow; to confirm; as, the court
homologates a proceeding.
Wheaton.
Ho*mol`o*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. homologation.] (Civ. & Scots Law)
Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null
and void), by a court or a grantor.
Ho`mo*log"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity
proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed
homology. --
Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ho*mol`o*gin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or characterized by,
homology; as, homologinic qualities, or
differences.
Ho*mol"o*gize (?), v. t.
(Biol.) To determine the homologies or structural
relations of.
\'d8Ho*mol"o*gon (?), n.
[NL.] See Homologue.
\'d8Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / things conceded, p.p. of / to agree,
admit, concede. See Homologous.] Those books
of the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the
early church; -- distinguished from
antilegomena.
Ho*mol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. /
assenting, agreeing; / the same + / speech, discourse,
proportion, / to say, speak.] Having the same
relative position, proportion, value, or structure.
Especially: (a) (Geom.) Corresponding in
relative position and proportion.
In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles,
diagonals, etc., are homologous.
Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).
(b) (Alg.) Having the same relative
proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two
consequents of a proportion. (c)
(Chem.) Characterized by homology; belonging to
the same type or series; corresponding in composition and
properties. See Homology, 3. (d)
(Biol.) Being of the same typical structure;
having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as,
those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are
homologous that correspond in their structural
relations, that is, in thier relations to the type structure of
the fore limb in vertebrates.
Homologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See
under Stimulus.
<-- p. 702 -->
Hom`o*lo*graph"ic (?), a.
[Homo- + Gr. / whole + -graph +
-ic; but cf. F. homalographique, Gr. /
even, level.] Preserving the mutual relations of
parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative
proportion.
Homolographic projection, a method of
constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces,
as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real
surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the
different countries are accurately represented by the
corresponding portions of the map.
Hom"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F.
homologue. See Homologous.] That
which is homologous to something else; as, the corresponding
sides, etc., of similar polygons are the homologues of
each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in
chemistry are the homologues of each other; one of the
bones in the hand of man is the homologue of that in the
paddle of a whale.
Ho*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
agreement. See Homologous.] 1. The
quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as,
the homologyof similar polygons.
2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in
type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function;
as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man;
or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the
wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being
modifications of one type of structure.
Homology indicates genetic relationship,
and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in
terms of identity of embryonic origin. See Homotypy, and
Homogeny.
3. (Chem.) The correspondence or
resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a
similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference,
and usually attended by a regular variation in physical
properties; as, there is an homology between
methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6,
propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the
paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the
relation between chemical elements of the same group; as,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology
with each other. Cf. Heterology.
General homology (Biol.), the
higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears
to the fundamental or general type on which the group is
constituted. Owen. -- Serial homology
(Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in
the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where
the parts follow each other in a straight line or series.
Owen. See Homotypy. -- Special
homology (Biol.), the correspondence of a
part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by
relative position and connection. Owen.
Ho*mom"al*lous (?), a.
[Homo- + Gr. / a lock of wool.]
(Bot.) Uniformly bending or curving to one side;
-- said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem.
{ Ho`mo*mor"phic (?),
Ho`mo*mor"phous (?), } a.
[Gr. / the same + / shape.] Characterized by
homomorphism.
Ho`mo*mor"phism (?), n. [See
Homomorphous.] 1. (Biol.)
Same as Homomorphy.
2. (Bot.) The possession, in one species
of plants, of only one kind of flowers; -- opposed to
heteromorphism, dimorphism, and
trimorphism.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The possession of but one
kind of larv\'91 or young, as in most insects.
<-- 4. (Math) A special type of mapping of one mathematical set
into or onto another set . . . -->
Ho"mo*mor`phy (?), n.
[Homo- + Gr. / form.] (Biol.)
Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters,
while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in
geometric ground form. See Homophyly,
Promorphology.
Ho*mon"o*mous (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to homonomy.
Ho*mon"o*my (?), n.
[Homo- + Gr. / law.] (Biol.)
The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes.
Haeckel.
Hom"o*nym (?), n. [Cf. F.
homonyme. See Homonymous.] A word
having the same sound as another, but differing from it in
meaning; as the noun bear and the verb
bear. [Written also
homonyme.]
Ho*mon"y*mous (?), a. [L.
homonymus, Gr. /; / the same + /, for / name;
akin to E. name.] 1. Having the
same name or designation; standing in the same relation; --
opposed to heteronymous.
2. Having the same name or designation, but
different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.
Ho*mon"y*mous*ly, adv. 1. In an
homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.
2. Equivocally; ambiguously.
Ho*mon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. homonymie.] 1. Sameness of
name or designation; identity in relations.
Holland.
Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons.
Fuller.
2. Sameness of name or designation of things or
persons which are different; ambiguity.
Ho`mo*\'94r"gan (?). [Homo- +
organ.] Same as Homoplast.
Ho`mo*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr.
/; / the same + / being, essence, substance.]
(Eccl. Hist.) One of those, in the 4th century,
who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had
the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to
homoiousian.
Ho`mo*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to
the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.
Hom"o*phone (?), n. [Cf. F.
homophone. See Homophonous.]
1. A letter or character which expresses a like
sound with another.
Gliddon.
2. A word having the same sound as another, but
differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; as,
all and awl; bare and
bear; rite, write,
right, and wright.
{ Ho`mo*phon"ic (?),
Ho*moph"o*nous (?), } a.
[Gr. /; / the same + / sound, tone: cf. F.
homophone.] 1. (Mus.)
(a) Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch;
unisonous; monodic. (b) Now used for plain
harmony, note against note, as opposed to polyphonic
harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with
its own melody.
2. Expressing the same sound by a different
combination of letters; as, bay and
bey.
Ho*moph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. homophonie.] 1. Sameness of
sound.
2. (Mus.) (a) Sameness of
sound; unison. (b) Plain harmony, as opposed
to polyphony. See Homophonous.
Ho`mo*phyl"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to homophily.
Ho*moph"y*ly (?), n.
[Homo- + Gr. / a clan.]
(Biol.) That form of homology due to common
ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to
homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is
wanting.
Haeckel.
Ho"mo*plas`my (?), n.
[Homo- + Gr. / anything formed, fr. / to
form, mold.] (Biol.) Resemblance between
different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit,
or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor,
but to similar surrounding circumstances.
Hom"o*plast (?), n.
(Biol.) One of the plastids composing the
idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called
homo\'94rgan.
Ho`mo*plas"tic (?), a.
[Homo- + plastic.] Of or
pertaining to homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans;
homoplastic forms.
Ho"mo*plas`ty (?), n.
[Homo- + plasty.]
(Biol.) The formation of homologous
tissues.
Ho*mop"la*sy (?), n.
[Homo- + Gr. / to form, mold.]
(Biol.) See Homogeny.
Ho`mo*pol"ic (?), a.
[Homo- + pole.]
(Biol.) In promorphology, pertaining to or
exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric
ground form is a pyramid, with similar poles. See
Promorphology.
Ho*mop"ter (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Homoptera.
\'d8Ho*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the same, like + / wing.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both
pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when
folded, as in the cicada. See Hemiptera.
Ho*mop"ter*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An homopter.
Ho*mop"ter*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Homoptera.
Ho"mo*styled (?), a.
[Homo- + style.]
(Bot.) Having only one form of pistils; -- said
of the flowers of some plants.
Darwin.
Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic (?), a.
[Homo- + systemic.]
(Biol.) Developing, in the case of multicellular
organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the
secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.
\'d8Ho`mo*tax"i*a (?), n.
[NL.] Same as Homotaxis.
{ Ho`mo*tax"i*al (?),
Ho`mo*tax"ic (?), } a.
(Biol.) Relating to homotaxis.
\'d8Ho`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / the same + / arrangement.] (Biol.)
Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of
heterotaxy.
Ho"mo*tax`y (?), n. Same as
Homotaxis.
{ Ho`mo*ther"mic (?),
Ho`mo*ther"mous (?), } a.
[Homo- + Gr. / heat.]
(Physiol.) Warm-blooded; homoiothermal;
h\'91matothermal.
Ho*mot"o*nous (?), a. [L.
homotonus, Gr. /; / the same + / tone.]
Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.
{ Ho*mot"ro*pal (?),
Ho*mot"ro*pous (?), } a.
[Gr. /; / the same + / turn, fr. / to turn: cf. F.
homotrope.] 1. Turned in the same
direction with something else.
2. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the seed
directed towards the hilum.
Ho"mo*ty`pal (?), a.
(Biol.) Of the same type of structure; pertaining
to a homotype; as, homotypal parts.
Hom"o*type (?), n.
[Homo- + -type.]
(Biol.) That which has the same fundamental type
of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the
homotype of the right leg; one arm is the
homotype of the other, etc.
Owen.
{ Ho`mo*typ"ic (?),
Ho`mo*typ"ic*al (?), } a.
(Biol.) Same as Homotypal.
Ho"mo*ty`py (?), n. [See
Homotype.] (Biol.) A term
suggested by Haeckel to be instead of serial homology.
See Homotype.
\'d8Ho*mun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Homunculi (#). [L., dim. of
homo man.] A little man; a dwarf; a
manikin.
Sterne.
Hond (?), n. Hand.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hone (?), v. i. [Etymology
uncertain. To pine; to lament; to
long.
Lamb.
Hone, n. [Cf. Icel. h/n a
knob.] A kind of swelling in the cheek.
Hone, n. [AS. h\'ben; akin to
Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr.
\'87\'be/a, also \'87\'d3,
\'87i, to sharpen, and E. cone. A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal,
covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening
cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an
oilstone.
Tusser.
Hone slateSee Polishing slate.
-- Hone stone, one of several kinds of stone used
for hones. See Novaculite.
Hone, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Honed (?); p]. pr. & vb. n.
Honing.] To sharpen on, or with, a
hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as, to
hone a razor.
Hon"est (?), a. [OE.
honest, onest, OF. honeste,
oneste, F. honn\'88te, L.
honestus, fr. honos, honor,
honor. See Honor.] 1. Decent;
honorable; suitable; becoming.
Chaucer.
Belong what honest clothes you send forth to
bleaching!
Shak.
2. Characterized by integrity or fairness and
straight/forwardness in conduct, thought, speech, etc.;
upright; just; equitable; trustworthy; truthful; sincere; free
from fraud, guile, or duplicity; not false; -- said of persons
and acts, and of things to which a moral quality is imputed;
as, an honest judge or merchant; an honest
statement; an honest bargain; an honest
business; an honest book; an honest
confession.
An honest man's the noblest work of God.
Pope.
An honest physician leaves his patient when he can
contribute no farther to his health.
Sir W. Temple.
Look ye out among you seven men of honest
report.
Acts vi. 3.
Provide things honest in the sight of all men.
Rom. xii. 17.
3. Open; frank; as, an honest
countenance.
4. Chaste; faithfuk; virtuous.
Wives may be merry, and yet honest too.
Shak.
Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful;
equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid;
genuine.
Hon"est, v. t. [L. honestare
to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. honester. See
Honest, a.] To adorn; to grace; to
honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable.
[Obs.]
Abp. Sandys.
Hon`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act
of honesting; grace; adornment. [Obs.]
W. Montagu.
Ho*nes"te*tee (?), n. Honesty;
honorableness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hon"est*ly (?), adv. 1.
Honorably; becomingly; decently. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. In an honest manner; as, a contract
honestly made; to live honestly; to speak
honestly.
Shak.
To come honestly by. (a) To get
honestly. (b) A circumlocution for to
inherit; as, to come honestly by a feature, a
mental trait, a peculiarity.
Hon"es*ty (?), n. [OE.
honeste, oneste, honor, OF.
honest\'82, onest\'82 (cf. F.
honn\'88tet\'82), L. honestas. See
Honest, a.] 1. Honor;
honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
She derives her honesty and achieves her
goodness.
Shak.
2. The quality or state of being honest; probity;
fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.;
integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or
guile.
That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness
and honesty.
1 Tim. ii. 2.
3. Chastity; modesty.
Chaucer.
To lay . . . siege to the honesty of this Ford's
wife.
Shak.
4. (Bot.) Satin flower; the name of two
cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining
partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; --
called also lunary and
moonwort. Lunaria biennis is common
honesty; L. rediva is perennial honesty.
Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness;
faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor;
plain-dealing; veracity; sincerity.
Hone"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant of the genus Sison
(S.Amomum); -- so called because used to cure a
swelling called a hone.
Hon"ey (?), n. [OE.
honi, huni, AS. hunig; akin to
OS. honeg, D. & G. honig, OHG.
honag, honang, Icel. hunang, Sw.
h\'86ning, Dan. honning, cf. Gr. / dust,
Skr. kaa grain.] 1. A sweet viscid
fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and
deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.
2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like
honey.
The honey of his language.
Shak.
3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment.
Chaucer.
Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus.
Shak.
Honey is often used adjectively or as the
first part of compound; as, honeydew or
honey dew; honey guide or
honeyguide; honey locust or
honey-locust.
Honey ant (Zo\'94l.), a small ant
(Myrmecocystus melliger), found in the Southwestern
United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares.
There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which
serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their
abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in
times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest.
-- Honey badger (Zo\'94l.), the
ratel. -- Honey bear. (Zo\'94l.)
See Kinkajou. -- Honey buzzard
(Zo\'94l.), a bird related to the kites, of the
genus Pernis. The European species is P.
apivorus; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is P.
ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larv\'91 of
bees. Called also bee hawk, bee
kite. -- Honey creeper
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small,
bright, colored, passerine birds of the family
C\'d2rebid\'91, abundant in Central and South
America. -- Honey easter (Zo\'94l.),
one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the
family Meliphagid\'91, abundant in Australia and
Oceania; -- called also honeysucker. --
Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub
of the genus Melianthus, a native of the Cape of Good
Hope. The flowers yield much honey. -- Honey
guide (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of
small birds of the family Indicatorid\'91, inhabiting
Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading
persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also
honeybird, and
indicator. -- Honey harvest,
the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is
gathered. Dryden. -- Honey kite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Honey buzzard
(above). -- Honey locust (Bot.), a
North American tree (Gleditschia triacanthos), armed
with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the
seeds. -- Honey month. Same as
Honeymoon. -- Honey weasel
(Zo\'94l.), the ratel.
<-- p. 703 -->
Hon"ey (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Honeyed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Honeying.] To be gentle, agreeable, or
coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or
become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.
\'bdHoneying and making love.\'b8
Shak.
Rough to common men,
But honey at the whisper of a lord.
Tennyson.
Hon"ey, v. t. To make agreeable; to
cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.
Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech?
Marston.
Hon"ey-bag` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The receptacle for honey in a
honeybee.
Shak. Grew.
Hon"ey*bee` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any bee of the genus Apis,
which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common
domesticated hive bee (Apis mellifica), the Italian
bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee (A.
fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists
considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of
bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females),
with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the
swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or
drones, are produced.
Hon"ey*bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The honey guide.
Hon"ey*comb` (?), n. [AS.
hunigcamb. See Honey, and 1st
Comb.] 1. A mass of hexagonal waxen
cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and
their eggs.
2. Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of
worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a
honeycomb.
Honeycomb moth (Zo\'94l.), the wax
moth. -- Honeycomb stomach. (Anat.)
See Reticulum.
Hon"ey*combed` (?), a. Formed
or perforated like a honeycomb.
Each bastion was honeycombed with casements.
Motley.
Hon"ey*dew` (?), n. 1.
A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees
and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have
been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the
other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.
2. A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.
Hon"eyed (?), a. 1.
Covered with honey.
2. Sweet, as, honeyed
words.
Milton.
Hon"ey*less (?), a. Destitute
of honey.
Shak.
Hon"ey*moon` (?), n. The first
month after marriage.
Addison.
Hon"ey-mouthed` (?), a. Soft to
sweet in speech; persuasive.
Shak.
Hon"ey*stone` (?), n. See
Mellite.
Hon"ey*suck`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Honey eater, under
Honey.
Hon"ey*suc`kle (?), n. [Cf. AS.
hunis/ge privet. See Honey, and
Suck.] (Bot.) One of several
species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and
some for their fragrance.
Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L.
Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L.
Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L.
grata, the American woodbine, and L.
sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The
European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the
American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower
(Azalea nudiflora) is often called
honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name
Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees
of the genus Banksia. See French
honeysuckle, under French.
Hon"ey*suc`kled (?), a. Covered
with honeysuckles.
Hon"ey-sweet` (?), a. Sweet as
honey.
Chaucer.
Hon"ey-tongued` (?), a. Sweet
speaking; persuasive; seductive.
Shak.
Hon"ey*ware` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Badderlocks.
Hon"ey*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A European plant of the genus
Cerinthe, whose flowers are very attractive to
bees.
Loudon.
Hong (?), n. [Chinese
hang, Canton dialect hong, a mercantile
house, factory.] A mercantile establishment or factory
for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession
of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or
storage.
Hong merchant, one of the few Chinese
merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild
which had the exclusive privilege of trading with
foreigners.
Hong (?), v. t. & i. To
hang. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hon"ied (?), a. See
Honeyed.
Hon"i*ton lace` (?). A kind of pillow
lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; -- so called
because chiefly made in Honiton, England.
Honk (?), n. [Of imitative
origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The cry of a wild
goose. -- Honk"ing,
n.
Hon"or (?), n. [OE.
honor, honour, onour,
onur, OF. honor, onor,
honur, onur, honour,
onour, F. honneur, fr. L.
honor, honos.] [Written also
honour.] 1. Esteem due or paid
to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence;
veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence.
A prophet is not without honor, save in his own
country.
Matt. xiii. 57.
2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect,
or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity;
especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue;
nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness;
trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.
If she have forgot
Honor and virtue.
Shak.
Godlike erect, with native honor clad.
Milton.
3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true,
with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to
the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege.
Say, what is honor? 'T is the finest sense
Of justice which the human mind can frame,
Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,
And guard the way of life from all offense
Suffered or done.
Wordsworth.
I could not love thee, dear, so much,
Loved I not honor more.
Lovelace.
4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid;
distinguished position; high rank. \'bdRestored me to my
honors.\'b8
Shak.
I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor.
1 Kings iii. 13.
Thou art clothed with honor and majesty.
Ps. civ. 1.
5. Fame; reputation; credit.
Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and
reputation.
Bacon.
If my honor is meant anything distinct from
conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem
of the world.
Rogers.
6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of
respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an
honor on his breast; military honors; civil
honors. \'bdTheir funeral
honors.\'b8
Dryden.
7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an
excellency; an ornament; as, he is an honor to his
nation.
8. A title applied to the holders of certain
honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His
Honor the Mayor. See Note under
Honorable.
9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship
held of the king, on which other lordships and manors
depended.
Cowell.
10. pl. Academic or university prizes
or distinctions; as, honors in classics.
11. pl. (Whist) The ace,
king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes
called Dutch honors.
R. A. Proctor.
Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a
duel, or the duel itself. -- Court of honor,
a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions
relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a
military court to investigate acts or omissions which are
unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt
of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by
betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable
by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or
fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court
(Feudal Law), one held in an honor or
seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.)
See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war
(Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished
enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with
colors flying. -- Law, , of
honor, certain rules by which social intercourse
is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a
regard to reputation. Paley. -- Maid of
honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the
queen when she appears in public.<-- Bride's principle
attendant at a wedding --> -- On one's honor, on
the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords
in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements
or verdicts on their honor. -- Point of
honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters
affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of
honor. -- To do the honors, to bestow
honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an
entertainment. \'bdTo do the honors and to give the
word.\'b8 Pope. -- To do one honor,
to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the
honor, to have the privilege or distinction. --
Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge
of honor.
Hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Honored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Honoring.] [OE.
honouren, onouren, OF. honorer,
honourer, F. honorer, fr. L.
honorare, fr. honor, n.]
1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or
respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when
used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to
worship.
Honor thy father and thy mother.
Ex. xx. 12.
That all men should honor the Son, even as they
honor the Father.
John v. 23.
It is a custom
More honor'd in the breach than the observance.
Shak.
2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice;
to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble;
to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat
in a complimentary manner or with civility.
Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to
honor.
Esther vi. 9.
The name of Cassius honors this corruption.
Shak.
3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due;
as, to honora bill of exchange.
Hon"or*a*ble (?), a. [F.
honorable, L. honorabilis.]
1. Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded;
estimable; illustrious.
Thy name and honorable family.
Shak.
2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or
a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.
3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause,
or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable;
fair; as, an honorable motive.
Is this proceeding just and honorable?
Shak.
4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble
deeds.
Honorable wounds from battle brought.
Dryden.
5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be
commended; consistent with honor or rectitude.
Marriage is honorable in all.
Heb. xiii. 4.
6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or
with testimonies of esteem; an honorable burial.
7. Of reputable association or use;
respectable.
Let her descend: my chambers are honorable.
Shak.
8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as,
the honorable Senate; the honorable
gentleman.
Honorable is a title of quality,
conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and
all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor,
lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland
are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of
courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any
of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of
Congress or of the Senate, mayors.
Right honorable. See under
Right.
Hon"or*a*ble*ness, n. 1. The
state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.
2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity,
or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.
Hon"or*a*bly (?), adv. 1.
In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent
with, honor.
The reverend abbot . . . honorably received
him.
Shak.
Why did I not more honorably starve?
Dryden.
2. Decently; becomingly. [Obs.]
\'bdDo this message honorably.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly;
equitably; fairly; reputably.
{ \'d8Hon`o*ra"ri*um (?),
Hon"or*a*ry (?), } n. [L.
honorarium (sc. donum), fr.
honorarius. See Honorary,
a.] 1. A fee offered to
professional men for their services; as, an
honorarium of one thousand dollars.
S. Longfellow.
2. (Law) An honorary payment, usually in
recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful
to assign a fixed business price.
Heumann.
Hon"or*a*ry, a. [L.
honorarius, fr. honor honor: cf. F.
honoraire.] 1. Done as a sign or
evidence of honor; as, honorary services.
Macaulay.
2. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer
honor without emolument; as, an honorary
degree. \'bdHonorary arches.\'b8
Addison.
3. Holding a title or place without rendering
service or receiving reward; as, an honorary member
of a society.
Hon"or*er (?), n. One who
honors.
Hon`or*if"ic (?), a. [See
Honor, -fy, and -ic.]
Conferring honor; tending to honor.
London. Spectator.
Hon"or*less (?), a. Destitute
of honor; not honored.
Bp. Warburton.
Hont (?), n. & v. See under
Hunt. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hoo (?), interj. 1.
See Ho. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant
joy.
Shak.
-hood (?). [OE. hod,
had, hed, hede, etc., person,
rank, order, condition, AS. h\'bed; akin to OS.
h\'c7d, OHG. heit, G. -heit, D.
-heid, Goth. haidus manner; cf. Skr.
k\'c7tu brightness, cit to appear, be
noticeable, notice. -head.] A
termination denoting state, condition,
quality, character, totality, as
in manhood, childhood,
knighthood, brotherhood. Sometimes it is
written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form
-head.
Hood (?), n. [OE.
hood, hod, AS. h\'d3d; akin to
D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot,
also to E. hat, and prob. to E. heed.
1. State; condition.
[Obs.]
How could thou ween, through that disguised hood
To hide thy state from being understood?
Spenser.
2. A covering or garment for the head or the head
and shoulders, often attached to the body garment;
especially: (a) A soft covering for the head, worn
by women, which leaves only the face exposed. (b)
A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his
head; a cowl. \'bdAll hoods make not monks.\'b8
Shak. (c) A like appendage to a cloak or
loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at
pleasure. (d) An ornamental fold at the back
of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; as, a
master's hood. (e) A covering
for a horse's head. (f) (Falconry)
A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See
Illust. of Falcon.
3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use;
as: (a) The top or head of a carriage.
(b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a
constant draught by turning with the wind. (c)
A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of
the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue.
(d) The top of a pump. (e)
(Ord.) A covering for a mortar.
(f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal
of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also
helmet. Gray. (g)
(Naut.) A covering or porch for a companion
hatch.
4. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a
strake which reaches the stem or stern.
<-- p. 704 -->
Hood (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hooded (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hooding.]
1. To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or
hood-shaped appendage.
The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned.
Pope.
2. To cover; to hide; to blind.
While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes
Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, \'bdAmen.\'b8
Shak.
Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end
of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern
post.
Hood"cap`, n. See Hooded
seal, under Hooded.
Hood"ed, a. 1. Covered with a
hood.
2. Furnished with a hood or something like a
hood.
3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up
like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian
turnip.
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the
head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the
plumage; -- said of birds. (b) Having a
hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as, the
hooded seal; a hooded snake.
Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus
cornix); -- called also hoody,
dun crow, and royston
crow. -- Hooded gull, the European
black-headed pewit or gull. -- Hooded merganser.
See Merganser. -- Hooded seal, a
large North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata). The
male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called
also hoodcap. -- Hooded
sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See
Merganser. -- Hooded snake. See
Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc.
-- Hooded warbler, a small American warbler
(Sylvania mitrata).
Hood"less, a. Having no hood.
Hood"lum (?), n. A young rowdy;
a rough, lawless fellow. [Colloq. U.S.]
Hood"man (?), n. The person
blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hood"man-blind` (?), n. An old
term for blindman's buff.
Shak.
{ Hood" mold`ing Hood" mould`ing }
(?). (Arch.) A projecting molding over
the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the
archivolt; -- called also hood mold.
Hoo"doo (?), n. [Perh. a var.
of voodoo.] One who causes bad luck.
[Colloq.]
Hood"wink (?), v. t.
[Hood + wink.] 1.
To blind by covering the eyes.
We will blind and hoodwink him.
Shak.
2. To cover; to hide. [Obs.]
Shak.
3. To deceive by false appearance; to impose
upon. \'bdHoodwinked with kindness.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Hood"y (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.
Hoof (?), n.; pl.
Hoofs (#), very rarely Hooves
(#). [OE. hof, AS.
h\'d3f; akin to D. hoef, G1huf, OHG.
huof, Icel. h\'d3fr, Sw. hof,
Dan. hov; cf. Russ. kopuito, Skr.
\'87apha. 1. The horny
substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain
animals, as horses, oxen, etc.
On burnished hooves his war horse trode.
Tennyson.
2. A hoofed animal; a beast.
Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a
hoof be left behind.
Ex. x. 26.
3. (Geom.) See Ungula.
Hoof, v. i. 1. To walk as
cattle. [R.]
William Scott.
2. To be on a tramp; to foot. [Slang,
U.S.]
To hoof it, to foot it.
Hoof"bound` (?), a.
(Far.) Having a dry and contracted hoof, which
occasions pain and lameness.
Hoofed (?), a. Furnished with
hoofs.
Grew.
Hoof"less (?), a. Destitute of
hoofs.
Hook (?), n. [OE.
hok, AS. h\'d3c; cf. D. haak, G.
hake, haken, OHG. h\'beko,
h\'bego, h\'beggo, Icel. haki,
Sw. hake, Dan. hage. Cf.
Arquebuse, Hagbut, Hake,
Hatch a half door, Heckle.] 1.
A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent
into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining
anything; as, a hook for catching fish; a
hook for fastening a gate; a boat hook,
etc.
2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post,
and on which a door or gate hangs and turns.
3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a
sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook.
Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook.
Pope.
4. (Steam Engin.) See
Eccentric, and V-hook.
5. A snare; a trap. [R.]
Shak.
6. A field sown two years in succession.
[Prov. Eng.]
7. pl. The projecting points of the
thigh bones of cattle; -- called also hook
bones.
By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any
means, direct or indirect. Milton. \'bdIn hope her to
attain by hook or crook.\'b8 Spenser. --
Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered.
[Colloq.] \'bdIn the evening, by water, to the Duke
of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off the hooks that
the ships are not gone out of the river.\'b8
Pepys.<-- = out of joint --> -- On one's own
hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by one's
self. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. --
To go off the hooks, to die.
[Colloq.] Thackeray. -- Bid
hook, a small boat hook. -- Chain hook.
See under Chain. -- Deck hook, a
horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the
forward part of the deck rests. -- Hook and eye,
one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together
the opposite edges of a garment, etc. -- Hook
bill (Zo\'94l.), the strongly curved beak of
a bird. -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks
at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a
wall. -- Hook motion (Steam Engin.),
a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks. -- Hook
squid, any squid which has the arms furnished with
hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera
Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis. --
Hook wrench, a wrench or spanner, having a hook at
the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or
coupling.
Hook, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hooking.] 1. To catch or
fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with
a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by
allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to
hook a dress; to hook a trout.
Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice.
W. Collins.
2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns,
as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore.
3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. &
U.S.]
To hook on, to fasten or attach by, or as by,
hook.
Hook (?), v. i. To bend; to
curve as a hook.
Hook"ah (?), n. [Per. or Ar.
huqqa a round box or casket, a bottle through which
the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.] A pipe with a
long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by
being made to pass through water.<-- see hubble-bubble;
also water pipe -->
Hook"-billed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a strongly curved bill.
Hooked (?), a. 1.
Having the form of a hookl curvated; as, the
hooked bill of a bird.
2. Provided with a hook or hooks. \'bdThe
hooked chariot.\'b8
Milton.
Hook"ed*ness (?), n. The state
of being bent like a hook; incurvation.
Hook"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, hooks.
2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel
with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with one
mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A
sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.
Hooke's" gear"ing (?). [So called from the
inventor.] (Mach.) Spur gearing having
teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting
in opposite directions from the middle.
Hooke's joint (?). [So called from the
inventor.] (Mach.) A universal joint. See
under Universal.
Hook"ey (?), n. See
Hockey.
Hook"let (?), n. A little
hook.
Hook"-nosed` (?), a. Having a
hooked or aquiline nose.
Shak.
Hook"y (?), a. Full of hooks;
pertaining to hooks.
Hool (?), a. Whole.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hoo"lock (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small black gibbon (Hylobates
hoolock), found in the mountains of Assam.
Hoom (?), n. Home.
Chaucer.
Hoo"noo*maun (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Indian monkey. See
Entellus. [Written also
hoonuman.]
Hoop (?), n. [OE.
hope; akin to D. hoep,
hoepel.] 1. A pliant strip of wood
or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for
holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.
2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a
hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed
in making cheese.
3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin
whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding
the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the
plural.
Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of
whale.
Pope.
4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally
bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents
measured by the distance between the hoops.
[Obs.]
5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated
at from one to four pecks. [Eng.]
Halliwell.
Bulge hoop, Chine hoop,
Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle
of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop
between these two, respectively. -- Flat hoop,
a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. --
Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and
undressed on the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron
in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. -- Hoop
lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden
hoops by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop
skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of
a woman's dress; -- called also hoop
petticoat. -- Hoop snake
(Zo\'94l.), a harmless snake of the Southern
United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called
from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop,
taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great
velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a
small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the
Mahogany family.
Hoop, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hooping.] 1. To bind or fasten
with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or
puncheon.
2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround.
Shak.
Hoop (?), v. i. [OE.
houpen; cf. F. houper to hoop, to shout; --
a hunting term, prob. fr. houp, an interj. used in
calling. Cf. Whoop.] 1. To utter a
loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or
pursuit; to shout. [Usually written
whoop.]
2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See
Whoop.
Hooping cough. (Med.) See
Whooping cough.
Hoop, v. t. [Written also
whoop.] 1. To drive or follow with
a shout. \'bdTo be hooped out of Rome.\'b8
Shak.
2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.
Hoop, n. 1. A shout; a whoop,
as in whooping cough.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The hoopoe. See
Hoopoe.
Hoop"er (?), n. [See 1st
Hoop.] One who hoops casks or tubs; a
cooper.
Hoop"er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) [So called from its note.]
The European whistling, or wild, swan (Olor
cygnus); -- called also hooper swan,
whooping swan, and
elk.
{ Hoop"oe (?), Hoop"oo
(?) }, n. [So called from its cry;
cf. L. upupa, Gr. /, D. hop, F.
huppe; cf. also G. wiedenhopf, OHG.
wituhopfo, lit., wood hopper.]
(Zo\'94l.) A European bird of the genus
Upupa (U. epops), having a beautiful crest,
which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also
hoop, whoop. The name is
also applied to several other species of the same genus and
allied genera.
<-- Hoops. n. The game of basketball [Slang].
Hoopster. n. Basketball player. [Slang] -->
Hoo"sier (?), n. A nickname
given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana.
[U.S.]
Hoot (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hooted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Hooting.] [OE.
hoten, houten, huten; cf. OSw.
huta, Sw. huta ut to take one up sharply,
fr. Sw. hut interj., begone! cf. also W.
hwt off! off with it! away! hoot!] 1.
To cry out or shout in contempt.
Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more.
Dryden.
2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl.
The clamorous owl that nightly hoots.
Shak.
Hoot, v. t. To assail with contemptuous
cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.
Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat.
Swift.
Hoot, n. 1. A derisive cry or
shout.
Glanvill.
2. The cry of an owl.
Hoot owl (Zo\'94l.), the barred owl
(Syrnium nebulosum). See Barred
owl.
Hoove (?), n. [Allied to
heave, hove.] A disease in
cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas,
ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany;
bloating.
{ Hoov"en (?), Ho"ven
(?), } a. Affected with hoove;
as, hooven, or hoven, cattle.
Hop (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Hopped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hopping (?).] [OE.
hoppen to hop, leap, dance, AS. hoppian;
akin to Icel. & Sw. hoppa, Dan. hoppe, D.
huppelen, G. h\'81pfen.] 1.
To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump
on one foot; to skip, as birds do.
[Birds] hopping from spray to spray.
Dryden.
2. To walk lame; to limp; to halt.
Dryden.
3. To dance.
Smollett.
Hop, n. 1. A leap on one leg,
as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring.
2. A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball.
[Colloq.]
Hop, skip (step),
and jump, a game or athletic sport in which
the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop,
stride, and jump in succession.
<-- just a hop, skip, and a jump away = nearby -->
Addison.
Hop, n. [OE. hoppe; akin to
D. hop, hoppe, OHG. hopfo, G.
hopfen; cf. LL. hupa, W. hopez,
Armor. houpez, and Icel. humall, SW. & Dan.
humle.] 1. (Bot.) A
climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having a long,
twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit
(hops).
2. The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop,
much used in brewing to give a bitter taste.
3. The fruit of the dog-rose. See
Hip.
Hop back. (Brewing) See under 1st
Back. -- Hop clover (Bot.),
a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in
miniature (Trifolium agrarium, and T.
procumbens). -- Hop flea
(Zo\'94l.), a small flea beetle (Haltica
concinna), very injurious to hops. -- Hop
fly (Zo\'94l.), an aphid (Phorodon
humuli), very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop
froth fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect
(Aphrophora interrupta), allied to the cockoo spits.
It often does great damage to hop vines. -- Hop
hornbeam (Bot.), an American tree of the
genus Ostrya (O.Virginica) the American
ironwood; also, a European species (O. vulgaris).
-- Hop moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth
(Hypena humuli), which in the larval state is very
injurious to hop vines. -- Hop picker, one
who picks hops. -- Hop pole, a pole used to
support hop vines. -- Hop tree (Bot.),
a small American tree (Ptelia trifoliata), having
broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a
substitute for hops. -- Hop vine
(Bot.), the climbing vine or stalk of the
hop.
Hop, v. t. To impregnate with
hops.
Mortimer.
Hop, v. i. To gather hops.
[Perhaps only in the form Hopping, vb.
n.]
{ Hop"bine` (?), Hop"bind`
(?), } n. The climbing stem of the
hop.
Blackstone.
Hope (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
h\'d3p a small bay or inlet.] 1. A
sloping plain between mountain ridges. [Obs.]
2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Hope, n. [AS., akin to D.
hoop, hope, Sw. hopp, Dan.
haab, MHG. hoffe. Hope in
forlorn hope is different word. See Forlorn
hope, under Forlorn.] 1. A
desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining
it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of
something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing
expectancy.
The hypocrite's hope shall perish.
Job vii. 13.
He wished, but not with hope.
Milton.
New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.
Keble.
2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes
ground of expectation, or promises desired good.
The Lord will be the hope of his people.
Joel iii. 16.
A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of
learning was highly commendable.
Macaulay.
3. That which is hoped for; an object of
hope.
Lavina is thine elder brother's hope.
Shak.
Hope, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoping.] [AS. hopian; akin
to D. hopen, Sw. hopp/, Dan.
haabe, G. hoffen. See 2nd
Hope.] 1. To entertain or indulge
hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with
expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to
expect; -- usually followed by for.
\'bdHope for good success.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
But I will hope continually.
Ps. lxxi. 14.
2. To place confidence; to trust with confident
expectation of good; -- usually followed by in.
\'bdI hope in thy word.\'b8
Ps. cxix. 81.
Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted
within me? Hope thou in God.
Ps. xlii. 11.
<-- p. 705 -->
Hope (?), v. t. 1. To
desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or
prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable,
with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.
We hope no other from your majesty.
Shak.
[Charity] hopeth all things.
1 Cor. xiii. 7.
2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.]
\'bdI hope he will be dead.\'b8
Chaucer.
Hope is often used colloquially regarding
uncertainties, with no reference to the future. \'bdI
hope she takes me to be flesh and blood.\'b8
Mrs. Centlivre.
Hope"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope;
expectant.
Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and
strongly conceited.
Hooker.
2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording
promise of good or of success; as, a hopeful youth;
a hopeful prospect. \'bdHopeful
scholars.\'b8
Addison.
-- Hope"ful*ly, adv. --
Hope"ful*ness, n.
Hope"ite (?), n. [Named after
Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.] (Min.)
A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic
crystals.
Hope"less, a. 1. Destitute of
hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.
I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.
Shak.
2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing
desirable; desperate; as, a hopeless
cause.
The hopelessword of \'bdnever to return\'b8
Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.
Shak.
3. Unhoped for; despaired of.
[Obs.]
Marston.
-- Hope"less*ly, adv. --
Hope"less*ness, n.
Hop"er (?), n. One who
hopes.
Swift.
Hop"ing*ly, adv. In a hopeful
manner.
Hammond.
Hop"lite (?), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/ tool, weapon: cf. F. hoplite.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A heavy-armed infantry soldier.
Milford.
{ Hop"-o'-my-thumb" (?),
Hop"-thumb" }, n. A very
diminutive person. [Colloq.]
liwell.
Hopped (?), p. a. Impregnated
with hops.
Hop"per (?), n. [See 1st
Hop.] 1. One who, or that which,
hops.
2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually
funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering
or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box
with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining
or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace,
or coal, etc., into a car.
3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper,
2.
4. pl. A game. See
Hopscotch.
Johnson.
5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See
Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape
hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree
hopper, under Frog, Grape,
Leaf, and Tree. (b) The
larva of a cheese fly.
6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste,
garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its
load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping
scow.
Bell and hopper (Metal.), the
apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge
is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper
boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread
meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor,
through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a
water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a
funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock,
a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a
water-closet.
Hop"per*ings (?), n. (Gold
Washing) Gravel retaining in the hopper of a
cradle.
Hop`pes*tere" (?), a. An
unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By
some it is defined as \'bddancing (on the wave)\'b8; by others as
\'bdopposing,\'b8 \'bdwarlike.\'b8
T. R. Lounsbury.
Hop"pet (?), n. 1. A
hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore.
[Prov. Eng.]
2. An infant in arms. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Hop"ping (?), n. The act of one
who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing.
Hopping Dick (Zo\'94l.), a thrush
of Jamaica (Merula leucogenys), resembling the English
blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark
plumage.
Hop"ping, n. [See 3rd
Hop.] A gathering of hops.
Hop"ple (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hoppled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoppling
(?).] [From Hop; cf.
Hobble.] 1. To impede by a hopple;
to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to
hamper; to hobble; as, to hopple an unruly or
straying horse.
2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper.
Dr. H. More.
Hop"ple, n. A fetter for horses, or
cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the
plural.
Hop"ple*bush` (?), n. Same as
Hobblebush.
Hop"po (?), n. (a) A
collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of
commerce. (b) A tribunal or commission having
charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation.
[China]
Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse
officers.
Hop"scotch` (?), n. A child's
game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from
one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the
ground; -- called also hoppers.
Hop"-thumb` (?), n. See
Hop-o'-my-thumb.
Hop"yard` (?), n. A field where
hops are raised.
Ho"ral (?), a. [L.
horalis, fr. hora hour. See
Hour.] Of or pertaining to an hour, or to
hours.
Prior.
Ho"ra*ly (?), adv.
Hourly. [Obs.]
Ho"ra*ry (?), a. [LL.
horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf. F.
horaire. See Hour.] 1. Of
or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours.
Spectator.
2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour;
hourly; ephemeral.
Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.
Sir T. Browne.
Horary circles. See
Circles.
Ho*ra"tian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his
style.
Horde (?), n. [F.
horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk.
ord/, ord\'c6, camp; of Tartar
origin.] A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan
or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for
the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory
multitude.
Thomson.
Hor*de"ic (?), a. [L.
hordeum barley.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as,
hordeic acid, an acid identical or isomeric with
lauric acid.
Hor"de*in (?), n. [L.
hordeum barley.] (Chem.) A
peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is complex
mixture. [R.]
\'d8Hor*de"o*lum (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum
barley.] (Med.) A small tumor upon the
eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty.
Hor"dock` (?), n. An
unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent
to burdock.
Hore (?), a. Hoar.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hore"hound` (?), n. [OE.
horehune, AS. h\'berhune; h\'ber
hoar, gray + hune horehound; cf. L. cunila
a species of organum, GR. /, Skr. kn/y to
smell.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Marrubium (M. vulgare), which has a bitter
taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds,
coughing, etc. [Written also
hoarhound.]
Fetid horehound, Black
horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling
horehound (Ballota nigra). -- Water
horehound, a species of the genus Lycopus,
resembling mint, but not aromatic.
Ho*ri"zon (?), n. [F., fr. L.
horizon, fr. Gr. / (sc. /) the bounding line,
horizon, fr. / to bound, fr. / boundary, limit.]
1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's
surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent
junction of the earth and sky.
And when the morning sun shall raise his car
Above the border of this horizon.
Shak.
All the horizon round
Invested with bright rays.
Milton.
2. (Astron.) (a) A plane
passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to
the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's
surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible
horizon. (b) A plane parallel to the
sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's
center; -- called also rational . (c) (Naut.) The
unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a
given elevation, no land being visible.
3. (Geol.) The epoch or time during
which a deposit was made.
The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same
time, are said to belong to the same geological
horizon.
Le Conte.
4. (Painting) The chief horizontal line
in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the
height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the
representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this
line.
Apparent horizon. See under
Apparent. -- Artificial horizon, a
level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a
plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used
chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a
celestial body. -- Celestial horizon.
(Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Dip of
the horizon (Astron.), the vertical angle
between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon,
the latter always being below the former. --
Rational horizon, and Sensible
horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2,
above. -- Visible horizon. See definitions 1
and 2, above.
Hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
horizontal.] 1. Pertaining to, or
near, the horizon. \'bdHorizontal misty air.\'b8
Milton.
2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a
horizontalline or surface.
3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon;
as, horizontal distance.
Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a
horizontal drill spindle. -- Horizontal engine,
one the piston of which works horizontally. --
Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of
ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of
elevation. -- Horizontal force
(Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's
magnetic force. -- Horizontal line
(Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive
line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of
sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all
verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are
found. -- Horizontal parallax. See under
Parallax. -- Horizontal plane
(Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the
horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See
Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the
ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. --
Horizontal projection, a projection made on a
plane parallel to the horizon. -- Horizontal
range (Gunnery), the distance in a
horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. --
Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the
axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal
plane, as in most turbines.
Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. horizontalit\'82.] The state or quality
of being horizontal.
Kirwan.
Hor`i*zon"tal*ly, adv. In a horizontal
direction or position; on a level; as, moving
horizontally.
\'d8Hor`mo*go*ni"um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /a chain + / generation.]
(Bot.) A chain of small cells in certain alg\'91,
by which the plant is propogated.
Horn (?), n. [AS.
horn; akin to D. horen, hoorn,
G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. horn, Goth.
ha\'a3rn, W., Gael., & Ir. corn, L.
cornu, Gr. /, and perh. also to E. cheer,
cranium, cerebral; cf. Skr.
\'87iras head. Cf. Carat, Corn on
the foot, Cornea, Corner, Cornet,
Cornucopia, Hart.] 1. A
hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the
heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle,
goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist
externally of true horn, and are never shed.
2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone
throughout, and annually shed and renewed.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Any natural projection or
excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a
horn in substance or form; esp.: (a) A projection from
the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A tuft of
feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl.
(c) A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an
insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp
spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned
pout.
4. (Bot.) An incurved, tapering and
pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed
(Asclepias).
5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a
horn; as: (a) A wind instrument of music;
originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied
to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other
metal, resembling a horn in shape. \'bdWind his
horn under the castle wall.\'b8 Spenser. See
French horn, under French. (b)
A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of
the horns of cattle. \'bdHorns of mead and
ale.\'b8 Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or
horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. \'bdFruits and
flowers from Amalth\'91a's horn.\'b8 Milton.
(d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for
containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying
liquids. \'bdSamuel took the hornof oil and
anointed him [David].\'b8 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e)
The pointed beak of an anvil. (f) The
high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a
lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g)
(Arch.) The Ionic volute. (h)
(Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one
of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc.
(i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the
fore part of a plane. (j) One of the
projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt
offering. \'bdJoab . . . caught hold on the
horns of the altar.\'b8 1 Kings ii. 28.
6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an
extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped.
The moon
Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns.
Thomson.
7. (Mil.) The curving extremity of the
wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike
form.
Sharpening in mooned horns
Their phalanx.
Milton.
8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns
are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with
some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that
which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as,
a spoon of horn.
9. (Script.) A symbol of strength,
power, glory, exaltation, or pride.
The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation.
Ps. xviii. 2.
10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the
plural. \'bdThicker than a cuckold's horn.\'b8
Shak.
Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a
railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called
horn plate. -- Horn of a
dilemma. See under Dilemma. -- Horn
distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal
substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel
with long curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn
lead (Chem.), chloride of lead. --
Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds.
[Obs.] Shak. -- Horn
mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn
quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy
(Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium
luteum), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and
Virginia; -- called also horned poppy.
Gray. -- Horn pox (Med.),
abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken
pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.),
native calomel, or bichloride of mercury. -- Horn
shell (Zo\'94l.), any long, sharp, spiral,
gastropod shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied
genera. -- Horn silver (Min.),
cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray,
siliceous stone. -- To haul in one's horns, to
withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.]<-- = to
pull in one's horns --> -- To raise, , the horn (Script.),
to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. \'bd'Gainst them that
raised thee dost thou lift thy horn?\'b8
Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a
drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low]
<-- blow one's own horn. To call attention to one's own
accomplishments. opposed to "hide one's light under a bushel"
-->
Horn (?), v. t. 1. To
furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.
2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Horn"beak` (?), n. A fish. See
Hornfish.
Horn"beam` (?), n. [See
Beam.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus
Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth
gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard.
It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and
is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam
is C. Betulus. The American is called also
blue beech and water
beech.
Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under
Hop.
Horn"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the family
Bucerotid\'91, of which about sixty species are known,
belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of
Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having
a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and
hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of
the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or
even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat
dead animals.
<-- p. 706 -->
Horn"blende` (?), n. [G., fr.
horn horn + blende blende.]
(Min.) The common black, or dark green or brown,
variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole.) It belongs to the
aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by
its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to
include the whole species.
Hornblende schist (Geol.), a
hornblende rock of schistose structure.
Horn*blend"ic (?), a. Composed
largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to
hornblende.
Horn"blow`er (?), n. [AS.
hornbl\'bewere.] One who, or that which,
blows a horn.
Horn"book` (?), n. 1.
The first book for children, or that from which in former
times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called
because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or
the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the
Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer. \'bdHe
teaches boys the hornbook.\'b8
Shak.
2. A book containing the rudiments of any science
or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.
Horn"bug` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large nocturnal beetle of the genus
Lucanus (as L. capreolus, and L.
dama), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle.
The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.
Horned (?), a. Furnished with a
horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage;
as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like
a horn.
The horned moon with one bright star
Within the nether tip.
Coleridge.
Horned bee (Zo\'94l.), a British
wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two little horns on
the head. -- Horned dace (Zo\'94l.),
an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus corporialis)
common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See
Illust. of Chub. -- Horned
frog (Zo\'94l.), a very large Brazilian frog
(Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular
horns arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe
(Zo\'94l.), a species of grebe (Colymbus
auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense
tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse
(Zo\'94l.), the gnu. -- Horned
lark (Zo\'94l.), the shore lark. --
Horned lizard (Zo\'94l.), the horned
toad. -- Horned owl (Zo\'94l.), a
large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a
pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct
varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped
horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting
different regions; -- called also great horned
owl, horn owl, eagle
owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also
applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared
owl, under Eared. -- Horned
poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy,
under Horn. -- Horned pout
(Zo\'94l.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish;
the bullpout. -- Horned rattler
(Zo\'94l.), a species of rattlesnake
(Crotalus cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains,
from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns
between the eyes; -- called also
sidewinder. -- Horned ray
(Zo\'94l.), the sea devil. -- Horned
screamer (Zo\'94l.), the kamichi. --
Horned snake (Zo\'94l.), the
cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zo\'94l.),
any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine
or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike
spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny
scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to
Mexico and Texas. Called also horned
lizard. -- Horned viper.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cerastes.
Horn"ed*ness (?), n. The
condition of being horned.
Horn"el (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European sand eel.
[Scot.]
Horn"er (?), n. 1. One
who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.]
Grew.
2. One who winds or blows the horn.
[Obs.]
Sherwood.
3. One who horns or cuckolds.
[Obs.]
Massinger.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The British sand lance or
sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).
Hor"net (?), n. [AS.
hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz,
hornuz, G. horniss; perh. akin to E.
horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing
the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith.
szirszone, L. crabo.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large, strong wasp. The European
species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow
color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its
nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of
comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced
hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar
habits.
Hornet fly (Zo\'94l.), any
dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied
genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and
fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger
than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk
fly, robber fly. -- To
stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a
swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics.
[Colloq.]
Horn"fish` (?), n. [AS.
hornfisc.] (Zo\'94l.) The
garfish or sea needle.
Horn"foot` (?), a. Having
hoofs; hoofed.
Horn"i*fy (?), v. t.
[Horn + -fy.] To horn; to
cuckold. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Horn"ing, n. Appearance of the moon when
increasing, or in the form of a crescent.
J. Gregory.
Letters of horning (Scots Law), the
process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of
a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to
comply therewith.
Mozley & W.
Horn"ish, a. Somewhat like horn;
hard.
\'d8Hor*ni"to (?), n. [A dim.
fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See
Furnace.] (Geol.) A low,
oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke
and vapors from its sides and summit.
Humboldt.
Horn"less (?), a. Having no
horn.
Horn"-mad` (?), a. Quite mad;
-- raving crazy.
Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are
horn-mad after?
Gray.
Hor"no*tine (?), n. [L.
hornotinus of this year.] (Zo\'94l.)
A yearling; a bird of the year.
Horn"owl` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Horned Owl.
Horn"pike` (?), n. The
garfish. [Prov. Eng.]
Horn"pipe` (?), n. (Mus.)
(a) An instrument of music formerly popular in
Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It
was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made
of horn. (b) A lively tune played on a
hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.
Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis.
Sir W. Raleigh.
(c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a
tune, and popular among sailors.<-- = sailor's hornpipe -->
Horn"pout` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Horned pout, under
Horned.
Horn"snake` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A harmless snake (Farancia
abacura), found in the Southern United States. The color is
bluish black above, red below.
Horn"stone` (?), n.
(Min.) A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz,
closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also
chert.
Horn"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of family
(Urocerid\'91) of large hyminopterous insects, allied
to the sawflies. The larv\'91 bore in the wood of trees. So
called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.
Horn"work` (?), n.
(Fort.) An outwork composed of two demibastions
joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by
long wings.
Horn"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely
divided leaves.
Horn"wrack` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A bryozoan of the genus
Flustra.
Horn"y (?), a.
[Compar. Hornier (?);
superl. Horniest.] 1.
Having horns or hornlike projections.
Gay.
2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance
resembling horn; of the nature of horn. \'bdThe
horny . . . coat of the eye.\'b8
Ray.
3. Hard; callous. \'bdHis horny
fist.\'b8
Dryden.
Horn"y-hand`ed (?), a. Having
the hands horny and callous from labor.
Horn"y*head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any North American river chub of the
genus Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus.
Ho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. /
hour + -graphy: cf. F. horographie.]
1. An account of the hours.
Chaucer.
2. The art of constructing instruments for making
the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.
Hor"o*loge (?), n. [OE.
horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF.
horloge, orloge, oriloge, F.
horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. /; /
hour + / to say, tell. See Hour, and
Logic.] 1. A servant who called out
the hours. [Obs.]
2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a
timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial.
Shak.
Ho*rol"o*ger (?), n. A maker or
vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.
Hor`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L.
horologicus, Gr. /.] Relating to a
horologe, or to horology.
Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n.
[See Horologiography.] A maker of
clocks, watches, or dials.
Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic (?), a.
Of or pertaining to horologiography.
Chambers.
Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Gr. / horologe + -graphy.] 1.
An account of instruments that show the hour.
2. The art of constructing clocks or dials;
horography.
Ho*rol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in horology.
Ho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [See
Horologe.] The science of measuring time, or
the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring
and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials,
etc.
Ho*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
hour + -meter.] An instrument for measuring
time.
Hor`o*met"ric*al (?), a.
Belonging to horometry.
Ho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
horom\'82trie. See Horometer.] The
art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and
subordinate divisions. \'bdThe horometry of
antiquity.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ho*rop"ter (?), n. [Gr. /
boundary + / one who looks.] (Opt.) The
line or surface in which are situated all the points which are
seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the
eyes, remains unchanged.
The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the
point of sight remains unchanged, is called the
horopter.
J. Le Conte.
Hor`op*ter"ic (?), a.
(Opt.) Of or pertaining to the horopter.
Hor"o*scope (?), n. [F.
horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. /,
adj., observing hours or times, esp. observing the hour of birth,
n., a horoscope; / hour + / to view, observe. See
Hour, and -scope.] 1.
(Astrol.) (a) The representation made of
the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by
which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the
person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above
the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram
or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the
whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such
prediction of fortune.
2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.
3. A table showing the length of the days and
nights at all places.
Heyse.
{ Hor"o*sco`per (?),
Ho*ros"co*pist (?), } n.
One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.
Ho*ros"co*py (?), n. 1.
The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the
disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.
2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's
birth.
Hor*ren"dous (?), a. [L.
horrendus.] Fearful; frightful.
[Obs.]
I. Watts.
Hor"rent (?), a. [L.
horrens, p.pr. of horrere to bristle. See
Horror.] Standing erect, as bristles; covered
with bristling points; bristled; bristling.
Rough and horrent with figures in strong
relief.
De Quincey.
With bright emblazonry and horrent arms.
Milton.
Hor"ri*ble (?), a. [OE.
horrible, orrible, OF. horrible,
orrible, F. horrible, fr. L.
horribilis, fr. horrere. See
Horror.] Exciting, or tending to excite,
horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a
horrible sight; a horrible story; a
horrible murder.
A dungeon horrible on all sides round.
Milton.
Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful;
terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.
Hor"ri*ble*ness, n. The state or quality
of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness.
The horribleness of the mischief.
Sir P. Sidney.
Hor"ri*bly, adv. In a manner to excite
horror; dreadfully; terribly.
Hor"rid (?), a. [L.
horridus. See Horror, and cf.
Ordure.] 1. Rough; rugged;
bristling. [Archaic]
Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn.
Dryden.
2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous;
shocking; hence, very offensive.
Not in the legions
Of horrid hell.
Shak.
The horrid things they say.
Pope.
Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful;
awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.
Hor"rid*ly, adv. In a horrid
manner.
Shak.
Hor"rid*ness, n. The quality of being
horrid.
Hor*rif"ic (?), a. [L.
horrifieus; horrere to be horrible +
-ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F.
horrifique. See Horror, -fy.]
Causing horror; frightful.
Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be
supposed.
I. Taylor.
Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. That
which causes horror. [R.]
Miss Edgeworth.
Hor"ri*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Horrified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horrifying
(?).] [L. horrificare. See
Horrific.] To cause to feel horror; to strike
or impress with horror; as, the sight horrified the
beholders.
E. Irving.
Hor*rip`i*la"tion (?), n. [L.
horripilatio, fr. horripilare to bristle;
horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F.
horripilation.] (Med.) A real or
fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from
disease, terror, chilliness, etc.
Hor*ris"o*nant (?), a.
Horrisonous. [Obs.]
Hor*ris"o*nous (?), a. [L.
horrisonus; horrere to be horrible +
sonus a sound.] Sounding dreadfully;
uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Hor"ror (?), n. [Formerly
written horrour.] [L. horror,
fr. horrere to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with
cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr.
h/sh to bristle.] 1. A bristling
up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement.
[Archaic]
Such fresh horror as you see driven through the
wrinkled waves.
Chapman.
2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the
cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill
of less severity than a rigor, and more marked than an
algor.
3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and
abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling
inspired by something frightful and shocking.
How could this, in the sight of heaven, without
horrors of conscience be uttered?
Milton.
4. That which excites horror or dread, or is
horrible; gloom; dreariness.
Breathes a browner horror on the woods.
Pope.
The horrors, delirium tremens.
[Colloq.]
<-- p. 707 -->
Hor"ror-stick`en (?), a. Struck
with horror; horrified.
Blank and horror-stricken faces.
C. Kingsley.
Hor"ror-struck` (?), a.
Horror-stricken; horrified.
M. Arnold.
\'d8Hors` de com`bat" (?). [F.]
Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.<-- = out of
action -->
Horse (?), n. [AS.
hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG.
ros, G. ross, Icel. hross; and
perh. to L. currere to run, E. course,
current Cf. Walrus.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A hoofed quadruped of the genus
Equus; especially, the domestic horse (E.
caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a
very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each
jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and
below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or
wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long,
flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it
has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels
in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of
character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider,
and like purposes.
Equus) are known from the
later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil
species of other genera of the family Equid\'91 are
also often called horses, in general sense.
2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from
the female or male; usually, a castrated male.
3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the
plural termination; as, a regiment of horse; --
distinguished from foot.
The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand
horse and foot.
Bacon.
4. A frame with legs, used to support something;
as, a clotheshorse, a sawhorse,
etc.
5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which
soldiers were made to ride for punishment.
6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one
rides as on a horse; a hobby.
7. (Mining) A mass of earthy matter, or
rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the
course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take
horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a
distance.
8. (Naut.) (a) See
Footrope, a. (b) A
breastband for a leadsman. (c) An iron bar
for a sheet traveler to slide upon. (d) A
jackstay. W. C. Russell. Totten.
Horse is much used adjectively and in
composition to signify of, or having to do
with, a horse or horses, like a
horse, etc.; as, horse collar, horse
dealer or horse/dealer, horsehoe,
horse jockey; and hence, often in the sense of
strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as,
horselaugh, horse nettle or
horse-nettle, horseplay, horse
ant, etc.
Black horse, Blood horse,
etc. See under Black, etc. -- Horse
aloes, caballine aloes. -- Horse ant
(Zo\'94l.), a large ant (Formica rufa);
-- called also horse emmet. -- Horse
artillery, that portion of the artillery in which the
cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the
cavalry; flying artillery. -- Horse balm
(Bot.), a strong-scented labiate plant
(Collinsonia Canadensis), having large leaves and
yellowish flowers. -- Horse bean
(Bot.), a variety of the English or Windsor bean
(Faba vulgaris), grown for feeding horses. --
Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and
cattle, or a boat propelled by horses. -- Horse
bot. (Zo\'94l.) See Botfly, and
Bots. -- Horse box, a railroad car
for transporting valuable horses, as hunters.
[Eng.] -- Horse breaker , one employed in subduing or training
horses for use. -- Horse car. (a) A
railroad car drawn by horses. See under Car.
(b) A car fitted for transporting horses. --
Horse cassia (Bot.), a leguminous plant
(Cassia Javanica), bearing long pods, which contain a
black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse
medicine. -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a
horse. -- Horse conch (Zo\'94l.),
a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See
Triton. -- Horse courser. (a)
One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing.
Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses.
[Obs.] Wiseman. -- Horse
crab (Zo\'94l.), the Limulus; -- called also
horsefoot, horsehoe crab,
and king crab. -- Horse
crevall\'82 (Zo\'94l.), the cavally.<--
a type of fish --> -- Horse emmet
(Zo\'94l.), the horse ant. -- Horse
finch (Zo\'94l.), the chaffinch.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Horse gentian
(Bot.), fever root. -- Horse iron
(Naut.), a large calking iron. -- Horse
latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for
calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of
higher latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav.
Encyc. -- Horse mackrel.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The common tunny
(Orcynus thunnus), found on the Atlantic coast of
Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean. (b)
The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).
(c) The scad. (d) The name is
locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake,
the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc. --
Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward,
lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry.
[Slang] -- Horse mussel
(Zo\'94l.), a large, marine mussel (Modiola
modiolus), found on the northern shores of Europe and
America. -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a
coarse, prickly, American herb, the Solanum
Carolinense. -- Horse parsley.
(Bot.) See Alexanders. -- Horse
purslain (Bot.), a coarse fleshy weed of
tropical America (Trianthema monogymnum). --
Horse race, a race by horses; a match of horses in
running or trotting. -- Horse racing, the
practice of racing with horses. -- Horse
railroad, a railroad on which the cars are drawn by
horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called
a tramway. -- Horse run
(Civil Engin.), a device for drawing loaded
wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power. --
Horse sense, strong common sense.
[Colloq. U.S.] -- Horse soldier,
a cavalryman. -- Horse sponge
(Zo\'94l.), a large, coarse, commercial sponge
(Spongia equina). -- Horse stinger
(Zo\'94l.), a large dragon fly. [Prov.
Eng.] -- Horse sugar (Bot.), a
shrub of the southern part of the United States (Symplocos
tinctoria), whose leaves are sweet, and good for
fodder. -- Horse tick (Zo\'94l.),
a winged, dipterous insect (Hippobosca equina),
which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; --
called also horsefly, horse
louse, and forest fly. --
Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the
genus Hippocrepis (H. comosa), cultivated
for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also horsehoe
vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods. --
Iron horse, a locomotive.
[Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's
name for salt beef. -- To look a gift horse in the
mouth, to examine the mouth of a horse which has been
received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to
accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit.
Lowell. -- To take horse. (a)
To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b)
To be covered, as a mare. (c) See
definition 7 (above).
Horse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Horsed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.]
[AS. horsion.] 1. To provide
with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a
horse. \'bdBeing better horsed, outrode me.\'b8
Shak.
2. To sit astride of; to bestride.
Shak.
3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.
4. To take or carry on the back; as, the
keeper, horsing a deer.
S. Butler.
5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden
horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.
Horse, v. i. To get on horseback.
[Obs.]
Shelton.
Horse"back` (?), n. 1.
The back of a horse.
2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders,
in a half-stratified condition.
Agassiz.
On horseback, on the back of a horse; mounted
or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.
The long journey was to be performed on
horseback.
Prescott.
Horse`-chest"nut (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) The large nutlike seed of a
species of \'92sculus (\'92.
Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence
the name. (b) The tree itself, which was
brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth
century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both
hemispheres. The native American species are called
buckeyes.
Horse"-drench` (?), n. 1.
A dose of physic for a horse.
Shak.
2. The appliance by which the dose is
administred.
Horse"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The moonfish (Selene
setipinnis). (b) The sauger.
Horse"flesh` (?), n. 1.
The flesh of horses.
The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day.
Bacon.
2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse;
as, he is a judge of horseflesh.
[Colloq.]
Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's
name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on
fresh facture.
Horse"fly` (?), n.; pl.
Horseflies (/). 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous fly of the family
Tabanid\'91, that stings horses, and sucks their
blood.
breeze
fly. See Illust. under Diptera, and
Breeze fly.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The horse tick or forest
fly (Hippobosca).
Horse"foot` (?), n.; pl.
Horsefeet (#). 1.
(Bot.) The coltsfoot.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The Limulus or horseshoe
crab.
Horse" Guards` (?). (Mil.) A
body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the
Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the
sovereign.
The Horse Guards, a name given to the former
headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at
Whitehall in London.
Horse"hair` (?), n. A hair of a
horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the
mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such
hairs.
Horsehair worm (Zo\'94l.), the hair
worm or gordius.
Horse"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The silver moonfish (Selene
vomer).
Horse"hide` (?), n. 1.
The hide of a horse.
2. Leather made of the hide of a horse.
Horse"-jock`ey (?), n. 1.
A professional rider and trainer of race horses.
2. A trainer and dealer in horses.
Horse"knop` (?), n.
(Bot.) Knapweed.
Horse"laugh` (?), n. A loud,
boisterous laugh; a guffaw.
Pope.
Horse"-leech` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A large blood-sucking leech
(H\'91mopsis vorax), of Europe and Northern Africa. It
attacks the lips and mouths of horses.
2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.
Horse"-leech`er*y (?), n. The
business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases
of horses.
Horse"-lit`ter (?), n. A
carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two
horses.
Milton.
Horse"man (?), n.; pl.
Horsemen (/). 1. A
rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a
mounted man.
2. (Mil.) A mounted soldier; a
cavalryman.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A land crab
of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of Brazil
and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly.
(b) A West Indian fish of the genus
Eques, as the light-horseman (E.
lanceolatus).
Horse"man*ship, n. The act or art of
riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.
Horse"mint` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) A coarse American plant of
the Mint family (Monarda punctata). (b)
In England, the wild mint (Mentha
sylvestris).
Horse"nail` (?), n. A thin,
pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe
to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.
Horse"play` (?), n. Rude,
boisterous play.
Too much given to horseplay in his raillery.
Dryden.
Horse"pond` (?), n. A pond for
watering horses.
Horse" pow`er (?). 1. The power
which a horse exerts.
2. (Mach.) A unit of power, used in
stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating
the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime
movers for doing work. It is the power required for the
performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work
per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in
lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550
pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the
rate of ten feet per second, etc.
horse power.
Brake horse power, the net effective power of
a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse
powers, as shown by a friction brake. See Friction
brake, under Friction. -- Indicated
horse power, the power exerted in the cylinder of an
engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and
speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as
shown by an indicator. See Indicator. --
Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a
term still sometimes used in England to express certain
proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of
measurement.
3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other
machinery; a horse motor.
Horse"-rad`ish (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Nasturtium
(N. Armoracia), allied to scurvy grass, having a root
of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in
medicine.
Gray.
Horse-radish tree. (Bot.) See
Moringa.
Horse"rake` (?), n. A rake
drawn by a horse.
Horse"shoe` (?), n. 1.
A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in
form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to
a horse's hoof.
2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The Limulus of horsehoe
crab.
Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name
for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures
are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a
horsehoe. Dunglison. -- Horsehoe magnet,
an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe. --
Horsehoe nail. See Horsenail. --
Horsehoe nose (Zo\'94l.), a bat of the
genus Rhinolophus, having a nasal fold of skin shaped
like a horsehoe.
Horse"sho`er (?), n. One who
shoes horses.
Horse"shoe`ing (?), n. The act
or employment of shoeing horses.
Horse"tail` (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike
stems. It is of the genus Equisetum, and is allied to
the ferns. See Illust. of Equisetum.
2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank.
horsetails carried before them. Thus, the sultan has
seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or
one.
Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.) See
Joint-fir.
Horse"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A composite plant (Erigeron
Canadensis), which is a common weed.
Horse"whip` (?), n. A whip for
horses.
Horse"whip`, v. t. To flog or chastise
with a horsewhip.
Horse"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Horsewomen (/). A woman who
rides on horseback.
Horse"wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) A West Indian tree (Calliandra
latifolia) with showy, crimson blossoms.
Horse"worm` (?), n. The larva
of a botfly.
Hors"i*ness (?), n. 1.
The condition or quality of being a horse; that which
pertains to a horse.
Tennyson.
2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses.
Hors"ly (?), a.
Horselike. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hors"y (?), a. Pertaining to,
or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; as,
horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy
fashions. [Colloq.]
Hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort,
fr. hori to urge.] The act of exhorting,
inciting, or giving advice; exhortation. [R.]
Hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L.
hortativus.] Giving exhortation; advisory;
exhortative.
Bullokar.
<-- p. 708 -->
Hor"ta*tive (?), n. An
exhortation. [Obs.]
Hor"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L.
hortatorius.] Giving exhortation or advise;
encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory
speech.
Holland.
Hor*ten"sial (?), a. [L.
hortensius, hortensis, fr.
hortus garden; akin to E. yard an
inclosure.] Fit for a garden.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
Hor"ti*cul`tor (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a cultivator,
colere to cultivate.] One who cultivates a
garden.
Hor`ti*cul"tur*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. horticultural.] Of or pertaining to
horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.
Hor"ti*cul`ture (?), n. [L.
hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F.
horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and
Culture.] The cultivation of a garden or
orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.
Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One
who practices horticulture.
Hor"tu*lan (?), a. [L.
hortulanus; hortus garden.]
Belonging to a garden. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
\'d8Hor"tus sic"cus (?). [L., a dry
garden.] A collection of specimens of plants, dried
and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium.
Hort"yard (?), n. An
orchard. [Obs.]
Ho*san"na (?), n.; pl.
Hosannas (#). [Gr. /, fr. Heb.
h\'d3sh\'c6'\'beh nn\'besave now, save, we pray,
h\'d3sh\'c6a' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of
y\'besha') + n\'be, a particle.]
A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation
of blessings. \'bdHosanna to the Highest.\'b8
Milton.
Hosanna to the Son of David.
Matt. xxi. 9.
Hose (?), n.; pl.
Hose, formerly Hosen (#).
[AS. hose; akin to D. hoos, G.
hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel.
hosa stocking, gather, Dan. hose stocking;
cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.] 1.
Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn,
reaching to the knee.
These men were bound in their coats, their hosen,
and their hats, and their other garments.
Dan. iii. 21.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank.
Shak.
2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the
legs; a stocking or stockings.
3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber,
or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially
water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine.
Hose carriage, cart, truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for
conveying hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose
company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage
hose in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] --
Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking
parts for uniting hose, end to end. -- Hose
wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite
or disconnect them.
Ho"sen (?), n. pl. See
Hose. [Archaic]
Ho"sier (?), n. One who deals
in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.
Ho"sier*y (?), n. 1.
The business of a hosier.
2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like
hose.
Hos"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L.
hospitium hospitality, a place where strangers are
entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See
Host a landlord.] A convent or monastery
which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on
some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; as, the
Hospice of the Great St. Bernard.
Hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF.
hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive as a
guest. See Host a landlord.] 1.
Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness
and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized
by hospitality.
Shak.
2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and
generosity to guests and strangers; as, hospitable
rites.
To where you taper cheers the vale
With hospitable ray.
Goldsmith.
Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being hospitable; hospitality.
Barrow.
Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv. In a hospitable
manner.
Hos"pi*tage (?), n. [LL.
hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See
Hospice.] Hospitality.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Hos"pi*tal (?), n. [OF.
hospital, ospital, F.
h\'93pital, LL. hospitale (or perh. E.
hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L.
hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia
apartments for guests, fr. hospes guest. See
Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel,
Hotel, Spital.] 1. A place
for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm
are received and treated; a public or private institution founded
for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in
body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which
they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by
charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place
where the sick or wounded of an army cared for.
Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a
floating hospital. -- Hospital Sunday, a
Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to
hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday.
Hos"pi*tal, a. [L.
hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.]
Hospitable. [Obs.]
Howell.
Hos"pi*tal*er (?), n.
[Written also hospitaller.] [F.
hospitalier. See Hospital, and cf.
Hostler.] 1. One residing in a
hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and
strangers.
2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital
at Jerusalem for pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and after the
removal of the order to Malta, Knights of Malta.
Hos"pi*tal*ism (?), n.
(Med.) A vitiated condition of the body, due to
long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the
atmosphere of a hospital.
Hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Hospitalities (#). [L.
hospitalitas: cf. F. hospitalit\'82.]
The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and
entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind
and generous liberality.
Given to hospitality.
Rom. xii. 13.
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality.
Shak.
Hos"pi*tal*ize (?), v. t.
(Med.) To render (a building) unfit for
habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.
Hos"pi*tate (?), v. i. [L.
hospitatus, p.p. of hospitari to be a
guest, fr. hospes guest.] To receive
hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.]
Grew.
Hos"pi*tate, v. t. To receive with
hospitality; to lodge as a guest. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
\'d8Hos*pi"ti*um (?), n. [L.
See Hospice.] 1. An inn; a lodging;
a hospice. [Obs.]
2. (Law) An inn of court.
\'d8Hos"po*dar` (?), n. [A
Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord, master.]
A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and
Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.
Host (?), n. [LL.
hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to
strike.] (R. C. Ch.) The consecrated wafer,
believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered
as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration.
Host, n. [OE. host,
ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L.
hostis enemy, LL., army. See Guest, and cf.
Host a landlord.] 1. An army; a
number of men gathered for war.
A host so great as covered all the field.
Dryden.
2. Any great number or multitude; a throng.
And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the
heavenly host praising God.
Luke ii. 13.
All at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils.
Wordsworth.
Host, n. [OE. host,
ost, OF. hoste, oste, F.
h\'93te, from L. hospes a stranger who is
treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl
prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E.
guest a visitor) + potis able; akin to Skr.
pati master, lord. See Host an army,
Possible, and cf. Hospitable,
Hotel.] One who receives or entertains
another, whether gratuitosly or for compensation; one from whom
another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a
landlord. Chaucer. \'bdFair host and
Earl.\'b8 Tennyson.
Time is like a fashionable host,
That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
Shak.
Host, v. t. To give entertainment
to. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Host, v. i. To lodge at an inn; to take
up entertainment. [Obs.] \'bdWhere you shall
host.\'b8
Shak.
Hos"tage (?), n. [OE.
hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F.
\'93tage, LL. hostaticus,
ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L.
hospes guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of
a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a
guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See
Host a landlord.] A person given as a pledge
or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or
stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person
is to be released.
Your hostages I have, so have you mine;
And we shall talk before we fight.
Shak.
He that hath a wife and children hath given
hostages to fortune.
Bacon.
Hos"tel (?), n. [OE.
hostel, ostel, OF. hostel,
ostel, LL. hospitale,
hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See
Hospital, and cf. Hotel.] 1.
An inn. [Archaic]
Poe.
So pass I hostel, hall, and grange.
Tennyson.
2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or
Cambridge. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
Hos"tel*er (?), n. [See
Hostel, and cf. Hostler.] 1.
The keeper of a hostel or inn.
2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed
collede in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Hos"tel*ry (?), n. [OE.
hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie,
OF. hostelerie, fr. hostel. See
Hostel.] An inn; a lodging house.
[Archaic] Chaucer. \'bdHomely brought up in
a rude hostelry.\'b8 B. Jonson.
Come with me to the hostelry.
Longfellow.
Host"ess (?), n. [OE.
hostesse, ostesse. See Host a
landlord.] 1. A female host; a woman who
hospitably entertains guests at her house.
Shak.
2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation;
a female innkeeper.
Shak.
Host"ess-ship, n. The character,
personality, or office of a hostess.
Shak.
Hos"tie (?), n. [F. See 1st
Host.] The consecrated wafer; the host.
[Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Hos"tile (?), a. [L.
hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F.
hostile. See Host an army.]
Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the
disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a
desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies;
inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force;
hostile intentions; a hostile country;
hostile to a sudden change.
Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic;
opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.
Hos"tile, n. An enemy; esp., an American
Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the
plural. [Colloq.]
P. H. Sheridan.
Hos"tile*ly, adv. In a hostile
manner.
Hos*til"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Hostilities (#). [L.
hostilitas: cf. F. hostilit\'82.]
1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy;
unfriendliness; animosity.
Hostility being thus suspended with France.
Hayward.
2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed;
especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an
enemy.
We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have
carried on even our hostilities with humanity.
Atterbury.
He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes
an enemy where he might have a friend.
Crabb.
Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression;
contention; warfare.
Hos"til*ize (?), v. t. To make
hostile; to cause to become an enemy. [Obs.]
A. Seward.
Host"ing (?), n. [From
Host an army.] [Obs.] 1.
An encounter; a battle. \'bdFierce
hosting.\'b8
Milton.
2. A muster or review.
Spenser.
Hos"tler (?), n. [OE.
hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF.
hostelier, F. h\'93telier. See
Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler,
Hosteler.] 1. An innkeeper.
[Obs.] See Hosteler.
2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn
or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; --
so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in
person.
3. (Railroad) The person who takes
charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a
trip.
Host"less (?), a.
Inhospitable. [Obs.] \'bdA
hostless house.\'b8
Spenser.
Host"ry (?), n. [OE.
hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie.
See Host a landlord.] 1. A hostelry;
an inn or lodging house. [Obs.]
Marlowe.
2. A stable for horses. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Hot (?), imp. & p. p. of
Hote. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hot (?), a.
[Compar. Hotter (?);
superl. Hottest (?).]
[OE. hot, hat, AS. h\'bet;
akin to OS. h\'c7t, D. heet, OHG.
heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw.
het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth.
heit\'d3 fever, hais torch. Cf.
Heat.] 1. Having much sensible heat;
exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; --
opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in
degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or
air. \'bdA hotvenison pasty.\'b8
Shak.
2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation;
easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent;
eager.
Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful.
Dryden.
There was mouthing in hot haste.
Byron.
3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous.
Shak.
4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as
mustard.
Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron
platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are
laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening),
a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to
hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit.
-- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a
receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air
pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the
hot well by the feed pump. -- In hot water
(Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties.
[Colloq.]
Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated;
brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent;
impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.
Hot"bed` (?), n. 1.
(Gardening) A bed of earth heated by fermenting
manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for
raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.
2. A place which favors rapid growth or
development; as, a hotbed of sedition.
Hot" blast` (?). See under
Blast.
Hot"-blood`ed (?), a. Having
hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent;
passionate.
Hot"-brained` (?), a. Ardent in
temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, hot-brained
youth.
Dryden.
{ Hotch"pot` (?), Hotch"potch`
(?), } n. [F. hochepot,
fr. hocher to shake + pot pot; both of
Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot hotchpotch, D.
hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See
Hustle, and Pot, and cf.
Hodgepodge.] 1. A mingled mass; a
confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a
hodgepodge.
A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes.
Bacon.
2. (Law) A blending of property for
equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to
one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with
the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same
ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the
daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a
common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and
the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the
purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of
all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at
its value when given.
Bouvier. Tomlins.
Story. It corresponds in a measure with
collation in the civil and Scotch law. See
Collation.
Bouvier. Tomlins.
Hot"coc`kles (?), n.
[Hot + cockle, cockle being
perh. corrupt. fr. knuckle. Cf. F. main
chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.] A childish
play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him
or his hand placed behind him.
Hote (?), v. t. & i.
[pres. & imp. Hatte (?),
Hot (/), etc.; p. p.
Hote, Hoten (/), Hot, etc.
See Hight, Hete.] 1.
To command; to enjoin. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. To promise. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. To be called; to be named.
[Obs.]
There as I was wont to hote Arcite,
Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite.
Chaucer.
Ho*tel" (?), n. [F.
h\'93tel, OF. hostel. See
Hostel.] 1. A house for entertaining
strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better
class.
2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a
person of rank or wealth.
\'d8H\'93tel`-de-ville" (?), n.
[F.] A city hall or townhouse.
\'d8H\'93tel`-Dieu" (?), n.
[F.] A hospital.
Hot"en (?), p. p. of
Hote.
Hot"foot` (?), adv. In haste;
foothot. [Colloq.]
Hot"-head` (?), n. A violent,
passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as, the rant
of a hot-head.
Hot"-head`ed, a. Fiery; violent; rash;
hasty; impetuous; vehement.
Macaulay.
Hot"house` (?), n. 1.
A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from
the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may
be reared, and fruits ripened.
2. A bagnio, or bathing house.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
4. (Pottery) A heated room for drying
green ware.
<-- p. 709 -->
Hot"-liv`ered (?), a. Of an
excitable or irritable temperament; irascible.
Milton.
Hot"ly, adv. [From Hot,
a.] 1. In a hot or fiery manner;
ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a
hotly pursued.
2. In a lustful manner; lustfully.
Dryden.
Hot"-mouthed` (?), a.
Headstrong.
That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the
curb.
Dryden.
Hot"ness, n. 1. The quality or
state of being hot.
2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence;
vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury.
M. Arnold.
Hot"press` (?), v. t. To apply
to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of
giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil, etc.;
as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc.
Hot"pressed` (?), a. Pressed
while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v.
t.
Hot"-short` (?), a.
(Metal.) More or less brittle when heated;
as, hot-short iron.
Hot"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Having
a fierly spirit; hot-headed.
Hot"spur` (?), n.
[Hot + spur.] A rash,
hot-headed man.
Holinshed.
{ Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred` (?)
}, a. Violent; impetuous; headstrong.
Spenser. Peacham.
Hot"ten*tot (?), n. [D.
Hottentot; -- so called from hot and
tot, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their
language. Wedgwood.] 1.
(Ethnol.) One of a degraded<-- "pastoral", in
MW10 --> and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown
complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in
tufts.<-- = The tribes speaking Khoisan; Bushman(? any
difference?) -->
2. The language of the Hottentots, which is
remarkable for its clicking sounds.<-- = Khoisan -->
Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South
African plant of the genus Cassine (C.
maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally
inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. --
Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See
Elephant's foot (a), under
Elephant.
Hot"ten*tot*ism (?), n. A term
employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering.
Tylor.
Hou"dah (?), n. See
Howdah.
Hough (?), n. Same as
Hock, a joint.
Hough, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Houghed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Houghing.] Same as
Hock, to hamstring.
Hough, n. [Cf. D. hak. Cf.
Hack.] An adz; a hoe.
[Obs.]
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Hough, v. t. To cut with a hoe.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Hou"let (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An owl. See Howlet.
Hoult (?), n. A piece of
woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See
Holt.
Hound (?), n. [OE.
hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin
to OS. & OFries. hund, D. hond, G.
hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr,
Dan. & Sw. hund, Goth. hunds, and prob. to
Lith. sz/, Ir. & Gael. cu, L.
canis, Gr. /, /, Skr. \'87van.
Canine, Cynic,
Kennel.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears,
esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound,
deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting
dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.
Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels,
curs.
Shak.
2. A despicable person. \'bdBoy! false
hound!\'b8
Shak.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A houndfish.
4. pl. (Naut.) Projections
at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and
top to rest on.
5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the
running gear of a vehicle.
To follow the hounds, to hunt with
hounds.
Hound, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hounding.] 1. To set on the
chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a
hare; to hound on pursuers.
Abp. Bramhall.
2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with
hounds.
L'Estrange.
Hound"fish (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any small shark of the genus
Galeus or Mustelus, of which there are
several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. canis),
of Europe and America; -- called also
houndshark, and
dogfish.
Scyllium canicula; the rough houndfish, or
large-spotted dogfish, is S. catulus. The name has
also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (Pomatomus
saltatrix), and to the silver gar.
Hound"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who hounds.
2. (Naut.) The part of a mast below the
hounds and above the deck.
Hound's"-tongue` (?), n. [AS.
hundes tunge.] (Bot.) A biennial
weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue-shaped
leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with
barbed or hooked prickles. Called also
dog's-tongue.
Houp (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Hoopoe. [Obs.]
Hour (?), n. [OE.
hour, our, hore, ure,
OF. hore, ore, ure, F.
heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. /, orig., a
definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, a season,
the time of the day, an hour. See Year, and cf.
Horologe, Horoscope.] 1.
The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.
2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and
minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the
hour? At what hour shall we meet?
3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a
particular time or occasion; as, the hour of
greatest peril; the man for the hour.
Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come.
John ii. 4.
This is your hour, and the power of darkness.
Luke xxii. 53.
4. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Certain
prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and
vespers.
5. A measure of distance traveled.
Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels.
J. P. Peters.
After hours, after the time appointed for
one's regular labor. -- Canonical hours. See
under Canonical. -- Hour angle
(Astron.), the angle between the hour circle
passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place.
-- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a)
Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the
equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe
through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of
15 (b) A circle upon
an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the
earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours
of right ascension. (c) A small brass circle
attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided
into twenty-four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences
of time in working problems on the globe. -- Hour
hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a
timepiece. -- Hour line. (a)
(Astron.) A line indicating the hour.
(b) (Dialing) A line on which the shadow
falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which
the face of the dial. -- Hour plate, the
plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial.
Locke. -- Sidereal hour, the
twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day. -- Solar
hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day. --
The small hours, the early hours of the morning,
as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.<-- also "wee hours" --> --
To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed
early.
Hour"glass` (?), n. An
instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an
hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from
the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury
occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the
lower.
half-hour glass, a half-minute
glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes
called an egg-glass, from being used to time the
boiling of eggs.<-- also = egg timer -->
Hou"ri (?), n.; pl.
Houris (#). [Per.
h, h,
h; akin to Ar. h, pl. of
ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.] A nymph
of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.
Hour"ly (?), a. Happening or
done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often
repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.
In hourly expectation of a martyrdom.
Sharp.
Hour"ly, adv. Every hour; frequently;
continually.
Great was their strife, which hourly was
renewed.
Dryden.
Hours (?), n. pl. [A
translation of L. Horae (Gr. /). See
Hour.] (Myth.) Goddess of the
seasons, or of the hours of the day.
Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours,
Fair Venus' train, appear.
Gray.
Hous"age (?), n. [From
House.] A fee for keeping goods in a
house. [R.]
Chambers.
House (?), n.; pl.
Houses (#). [OE. hous,
hus, AS. h/s; akin to OS. & OFries.
h/s, D. huis, OHG. h/s, G.
haus, Icel. h/s, Sw. hus, Dan.
huus, Goth. gudh/s, house of God, temple;
and prob. to E. hide to conceal. See Hide,
and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy,
Husting.] 1. A structure intended or
used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but
especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a
dwelling place, a mansion.
Houses are built to live in; not to look on.
Bacon.
Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench
Are from their hives and houses driven away.
Shak.
2. Household affairs; domestic concerns;
particularly in the phrase to keep house. See
below.
3. Those who dwell in the same house; a
household.
One that feared God with all his house.
Acts x. 2.
4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred;
a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a
noble family or an illustrious race; as, the house
of Austria; the house of Hanover; the house of
Israel.
The last remaining pillar of their house,
The one transmitter of their ancient name.
Tennyson.
5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other
government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men
united in a legislative capacity; as, the House of
Lords; the House of Commons; the House of
Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See
Congress, and Parliament.
6. (Com.) A firm, or commercial
establishment.
7. A public house; an inn; a hotel.
8. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the
heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and
south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the
positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or
nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the
horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called
the ascendant, first house, or house
of life, downward, or in the direction of the earth's
revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the
reverse order every twenty-four hours.
9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper
place of a piece.
10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a
lecture, a theater, etc.; as, a thin or a full
house.
11. The body, as the habitation of the soul.
This mortal house I'll ruin,
Do C\'91sar what he can.
Shak.
12. [With an adj., as narrow,
dark, etc.] The grave. \'bdThe
narrow house.\'b8
Bryant.
House is much used adjectively and as the
first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as,
house cricket, housemaid, house
painter, housework.
House ant (Zo\'94l.), a very small,
yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta), which often
infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest. --
House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one
of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being
House of Clerical and Lay Deputies. -- House
boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling. --
House of call, a place, usually a public house,
where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when
out of work, ready for the call of employers.
[Eng.]<-- modern name? --> Simonds. --
House car (Railroad), a freight car
with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car. -- House of
correction. See Correction. -- House
cricket (Zo\'94l.), a European cricket
(Gryllus domesticus), which frequently lives in
houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is
noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males. --
House dog, a dog kept in or about a dwelling
house. -- House finch (Zo\'94l.),
the burion. -- House flag, a flag
denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel
belongs. -- House fly (Zo\'94l.),
a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which infests
houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which
lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains,
etc. -- House of God, a temple or
church. -- House of ill fame. See Ill
fame under Ill, a. -- House
martin (Zo\'94l.), a common European swallow
(Hirundo urbica). It has feathered feet, and builds
its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also
house swallow, and window
martin. -- House mouse
(Zo\'94l.), the common mouse (Mus
musculus). -- House physician, the
resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public
institution. -- House snake
(Zo\'94l.), the milk snake. -- House
sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the common European
sparrow (Passer domesticus). It has recently been
introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp.
in cities. Called also thatch sparrow. --
House spider (Zo\'94l.), any spider
which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species
are Theridium tepidariorum and Tegenaria
domestica. -- House surgeon, the
resident surgeon of a hospital. -- House wren
(Zo\'94l.), the common wren of the Eastern United
States (Troglodytes a\'89don). It is common about
houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud
musical notes. See Wren. -- Religious
house, a monastery or convent. -- The White
House, the official residence of the President of the
United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of
President.<-- also, a parliament building in Moscow --> --
To bring down the house. See under
Bring. -- To keep house, to maintain
an independent domestic establishment. -- To keep open
house, to entertain friends at all times.
Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See
Tenement.
House (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Housed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.]
[AS. h/sian.] 1. To take or
put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the
inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to
house one's family in a comfortable home; to
house farming utensils; to house
cattle.
At length have housed me in a humble shed.
Young.
House your choicest carnations, or rather set them
under a penthouse.
Evelyn.
2. To drive to a shelter.
Shak.
3. To admit to residence; to harbor.
Palladius wished him to house all the Helots.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave.
Sandys.
5. (Naut.) To stow in a safe place; to
take down and make safe; as, to house the upper
spars.
House, v. i. 1. To take shelter
or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.
You shall not house with me.
Shak.
2. (Astrol.) To have a position in one
of the houses. See House, n.,
8. \'bdWhere Saturn houses.\'b8
Dryden.
House"bote` (?), n.
[House + bote.] (Law)
Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for
fuel. This latter is often called firebote. See
Bote.
House"break`er (?), n. One who
is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.
House"break`ing, n. The act of breaking
open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house
of another, whether done by day or night. See Burglary,
and To break a house, under Break.
House"build`er (?), n. One
whose business is to build houses; a housewright.
House"carl` (?), n. [OE.
huscarle. See House, and
Carl.] (Eng. Arch\'91ol.) A
household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King
Canute.
House"hold` (?), n. 1.
Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a
family.
And calls, without affecting airs,
His household twice a day to prayers.
Swift.
2. A line of ancestory; a race or house.
[Obs.]
Shak.
House"hold`, a. Belonging to the house
and family; domestic; as, household furniture;
household affairs.
Household bread, bread made in the house for
common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality.
[Obs.] -- Household gods
(Rom. Antiq.), the gods presiding over the house
and family; the Lares and Penates; hence, all
objects endeared by association with home. -- Household
troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the
sovereign or his residence.
House"hold`er (?), n. The
master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his
family.
Towns in which almost every householder was an
English Protestant.
Macaulay.
Compound householder. See Compound,
a.
<-- p. 710 -->
House"keep`er (?), n. 1.
One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the
master or mistress of a family.
Locke.
2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping
house; as, his wife is a good housekeeper;
often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household
and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.
3. One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful
and hospitable household. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
4. One who keeps or stays much at home.
[R.]
You are manifest housekeeper.
Shak.
5. A house dog. [Obs.]
Shak.
House"keep`ing, n. 1. The state
of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder.
2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house
and home affairs.
3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a
supply of provisions. [Obs.]
Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry?
Small housekeeping enough, said Ph\'d2be.
Sir W. Scott.
House"keep`ing, a. Domestic; used in a
family; as, housekeeping commodities.
Hou"sel (?), n. [OE.
housel, husel, AS. h/sel; akin
to Icel. h/sl, Goth. hunsl a
sacrifice.] The eucharist.
[Archaic]
Rom. of R. Tennyson.
Hou"sel, v. t. [AS.
h/slain.] To administer the eucharist
to. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
House"leek` (?), n.
[House + leek.]
(Bot.) A succulent plant of the genus
Sempervivum (S. tectorum), originally a
native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old
walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and
heat; -- called also ayegreen.
House"less, a. Destitute of the shelter
of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless
wanderer.
House"less*ness, n. The state of being
houseless.
House"line` (?), n.
(Naut.) A small line of three strands used for
seizing; -- called also housing.
Totten.
House"ling` (?), a. Same as
Housling.
House"maid` (?), n. A female
servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the
rooms.
Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling
over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of
the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant
girls who work upon their knees.
House"mate` (?), n. One who
dwells in the same house with another.
R. Browning.
House"room` (?), n. Room or
place in a house; as, to give any one
houseroom.
House"warm`ing (?), n. A feast
or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on
taking possession of a new house or premises.
Johnson.
House"wife` (?), n.
[House + wife. Cf.
Hussy.] 1. The wife of a
householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a
household.
Shak.
He a good husband, a good housewife she.
Dryden.
2. (Usually pronounced /.) [See
Hussy, in this sense.] A little case or bag
for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female
work; -- called also hussy.
[Written also huswife.]
P. Skelton.
3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually
written huswife.]
Shak.
Sailor's housewife, a ditty-bag.
{ House"wife` (?), House"wive`
(?), } v. t. To manage with skill
and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to
economize.
Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well
housewived.
Fuller.
House"wife`ly (?), a.
Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic;
economical; prudent.
A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely.
Sir W. Scott.
House"wif`er*y (?), n. The
business of the mistress of a family; female management of
domestic concerns.
House"work` (?), n. The work
belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping,
scrubbing, bed making, and the like.
House"wright` (?), n. A builder
of houses.
Hous"ing (?), n. [From
House. In some of its senses this word has been confused
with the following word.] 1. The act of
putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a
habitation.
2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken
collectively.
Fabyan.
3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken
out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as
the end of one timber in the side of another. (b)
A niche for a statue.
4. (Mach.) A frame or support for
holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.
5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of
a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the
vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an
awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c)
A houseline. See Houseline.
Hous"ing, n. [From
Houss.] 1. A cover or cloth for a
horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a
saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.
2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a
harness.
Hous"ling (?), a. [See
Housel.] Sacramental; as,
housling fire. [R.]
Spenser.
Houss (?), n. [F.
housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG.
hulst; akin to E. holster. See
Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.] A
saddlecloth; a housing. [Obs.]
Dryden.
\'d8Hou"tou (?), n. [From its
note.] (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful South
American motmot.
Waterton.
Houve (?), n. [AS.
h.] A head covering of various
kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hou*yhnhnm" (?), n. One of the
race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of
Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and
noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes
having the form and all the worst vices of men.
Hove (?), imp. & p. p. of
Heave.
Hove short, Hove to.
See To heave a cable short, To heave a
ship to, etc., under Heave.
Hove, v. i. & t. To rise; to swell; to
heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.]
Holland. Burns.
Hove, v. i. [OE. hoven. See
Hover.] To hover around; to loiter; to
lurk. [Obs.]
Gower.
Hov"el (?), n. [OE.
hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS.
hof house; akin to D. & G. hof court, yard,
Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove to take
shelter, heuf shelter, home.] 1.
An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce,
etc., from the weather.
Brande & C.
2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a
hut.
3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical
brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped.
Knight.
Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hoveled (?) or Hovelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Hoveling or
Hovelling.] To put in a hovel; to
shelter.
To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon.
Shak.
The poor are hoveled and hustled together.
Tennyson.
Hov"el*er (?), n. One who
assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast
boatman. [Written also hoveller.]
[Prov. Eng.]
G. P. R. James.
Hov"el*ing, n. A method of securing a
good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in
the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the
other two. [Written also
hovelling.]
Ho"ven (?), obs.
p. p. of Heave.
Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with
the disease called hoove; as, hoven
cattle.
Hov"er (?), n. [Etymol.
doubtful.] A cover; a shelter; a protection.
[Archaic]
Carew. C. Kingsley.
Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hovered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hovering.] [OE.
hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide,
linger, and fr. AS. hof house; cf. OFries.
hovia to receive into one's house. See
Hovel.] 1. To hang fluttering in the
air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or
over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above
something.
Great flights of birds are hovering about the
bridge, and settling on it.
Addison.
A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight.
Dryden.
2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place,
threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely.
Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the
coast.
Milton.
Hovering o'er the paper with her quill.
Shak.
Hov"er*er (?), n. A device in
an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them
warm.
Hov"er-hawk` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The kestrel.
Hov"er*ing*ly, adv. In a hovering
manner.
How (?), adv. [OE.
how, hou, hu, hwu,
AS. h/, from the same root as hw\'be,
hw\'91t, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS.
hw\'d3w, D. hoe, cf. G. wie how,
Goth. hw\'c7 wherewith, hwaiwa how.
Who, and cf. Why.]
1. In what manner or way; by what means or
process.
How can a man be born when he is old?
John iii. 4.
2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in
what proportion; by what measure or quality.
O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the
day.
Ps. cxix. 97.
By how much they would diminish the present extent
of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and
fountains, and rivers of the earth.
Bentley.
3. For what reason; from what cause.
How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale?
Shak.
4. In what state, condition, or plight.
How, and with what reproach, shall I return?
Dryden.
5. By what name, designation, or title.
How art thou called?
Shak.
6. At what price; how dear.
[Obs.]
How a score of ewes now?
Shak.
How is used in each sense,
interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also
often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation.
\'bdHow are the mighty fallen!\'b8 2 Sam. i.
27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the
how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley.
Let me beg you -- don't say \'bdHow?\'b8 for
\'bdWhat?\'b8
Holmes.
\'d8How*adj"i (?), n.
[Ar.] 1. A traveler.
2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because
merchants were formerly the chief travelers.
How*be"it (?), conj.
[How + be + it.]
Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although;
albeit; yet; but; however.
The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not -
Is of a constant, loving, noble nature.
Shak.
How"dah (?), n. [Ar.
hawdaj.] A seat or pavilion, generally
covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or
riders. [Written also houdah.]
How"dy (?), n. [Scot., also
houdy- wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw.
jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.]
A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]
How"el (?), n. A tool used by
coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the
inside of casks.
How"el, v. t. To smooth; to plane;
as, to howel a cask.
How"ell, n. The upper stage of a
porcelian furnace.
How*ev"er (?), adv. [Sometimes
contracted into howe'er.] 1. In
whetever manner, way, or degree.
However yet they me despise and spite.
Spenser.
Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault.
Shak.
2. At all events; at least; in any case.
Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be,
however from the greatest evils.
Tillotson.
How*ev"er, conj. Nevertheless;
notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose
your design; I can not, however, approve of
it.
In your excuse your love does little say;
You might howe'er have took a better way.
Dryden.
Syn. -- However, At least,
Nevertheless, Yet. These words,
as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to
something referred to in the context. However is the
most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus
we say, the truth, however, has not yet fully come
out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of
the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely
on my assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events,
whatever may happen, this is my final decision. At
least is adversative in another way. It points out the
utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks
the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must
be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at
least maintain the rights of conscience.
Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully
made, it has no bearing of the question; as,
nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet
signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded
may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does
not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee,
yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me,
yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.
How"itz (?), n. A
howitzer. [Obs.]
How"itz*er (?), n. [G.
haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem.
haufnice, orig., a sling.] (Mil.)
(a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was
hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of
mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short,
light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller
diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large
projectiles with comparatively small charges.
How"ker (?), n. (Naut.)
Same as Hooker.
Howl (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Howled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.]
[OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D.
huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln,
OHG. hiuwil\'d3n to exult, h/wo owl, Dan.
hyle to howl.] 1. To utter a loud,
protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often
do.
And dogs in corners set them down to howl.
Drayton.
Methought a legion of foul fiends
Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears.
Shak.
2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry
aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.
Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand.
Is. xiii. 6.
3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild
beast.
Wild howled the wind.
Sir W. Scott.
Howling monkey. (Zo\'94l.) See
Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a
wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut.
xxxii. 10.
Howl, v. t. To utter with outcry.
\'bdGo . . . howl it out in deserts.\'b8
Philips.
Howl, n. 1. The protracted,
mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.
2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a
wail.
Howl"er (?), n. 1. One
who howls.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any South American monkey
of the genus Mycetes. Many species are known. They are
arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant
howling in which they indulge at night.
Howl"et (?), n. [Equiv. to
owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F.
hulotte, OHG. h/wela,
hiuwela.] (Zo\'94l.) An owl; an
owlet. [Written also houlet.]
R. Browning.
Howp (?), v. i. To cry out; to
whoop. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
How"so (?), adv.
Howsoever. [Obs.]
How`so*ev"er (?), adj. & conj.
[How + so + ever.]
1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or
extent; however.
I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes.
Shak.
2. Although; though; however.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Howve (?), n. A hood. See
Houve. [Obs.]
Hox (?), v. t. [See
Hock. To hock; to hamstring. See
Hock. [Obs.]
Shak.
Hoy (?), n. [D. heu,
or Flem. hui.] (Naut.) A small
coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying
passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to
larger vessels in port.
The hoy went to London every week.
Cowper.
Hoy, interj. [D. hui. Cf.
Ahoy.] Ho! Halloe! Stop!
Hoy"den (?), n. Same as
Hoiden.
Hoy"man (?), n.; pl.
Hoymen (/). One who navigates a
hoy.
A common hoyman to carry goods by water for
hire.
Hobart.
\'d8Hua*na"co (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Guanaco.
Hub (?), n. [See 1st
Hob.] 1. The central part, usually
cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of
Axle box.
2. The hilt of a weapon.
Halliwell.
3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction;
as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See
Hubby.
4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are
cast.
5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved
steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining,
etc.
6. A screw hob. See Hob, 3.
7. A block for scotching a wheel.
Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a
horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a
wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as
possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a
wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved.
[Colloq.]
Hub"ble-bub`ble (?), n. A
tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water,
making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb
containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.<-- = water
pipe; hookah -->
<-- p. 711 -->
Hub"bub (?), n. [Cf.
Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v.
i.] A loud noise of many confused voices; a
tumult; uproar.
Milton.
This hubbub of unmeaning words.
Macaulay.
Hub"by (?), a. Full of hubs or
protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is
hubby. [U.S.]
H\'81b"ner (?), n. [After
H\'81bner, who analyzed it.] (Min.)
A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or
foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.
{ \'d8Huch (?), \'d8Hu"chen
(?), } n. [G.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large salmon (Salmo, ) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also
huso, and bull trout.
Huck (?), v. i. [See
Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.]
To higgle in trading. [Obs.]
Holland.
Huck"a*back (?), n. [Perh.
orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak pickback. Cf.
Huckster.] A kind of linen cloth with raised
figures, used for towelings.
Huc"kle (?), n. [Perh. dim. of
Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named from its round
shape. See Hook.] 1. The hip; the
haunch.
2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip.
Huckle bone. (a) The hip bone; the
innominate bone. (b) A small bone of the ankle;
astragalus. [R.]
Udall.
Huc"kle-backed` (?), a.
Round-shoulded.
Huc"kle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf.
Whortleberry.] (Bot.) (a)
The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of
the American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related
to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and formerly confused
with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G.
resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the
berries. Called also whortleberry.
Squaw huckleberry. See
Deeberry.
Huck"ster (?), n. [OE.
hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster,
D. heuker; akin to D. huiken to stoop,
bend, OD. huycken, huken, G.
hocken, to squat, Icel. h/ka; -- the
peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back.
Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.] 1. A
retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a
peddler; a hawker.
Swift.
2. A mean, trickish fellow.
Bp. Hall.
Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Huckstered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Huckstering.] To deal in small
articles, or in petty bargains.
Swift.
Huck"ster*age (?), n. The
business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.
Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes.
Milton.
Huck"ster*er (?), n. A
huckster.
Gladstone.
Those hucksterers or money-jobbers.
Swift.
Huck"stress (?), n. A female
huckster.
Hud (?), n. [Cf. Hood
a covering.] A huck or hull, as of a nut.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Hud"dle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Huddled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling
(?).] [Cf. OE. hoderen,
hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE.
huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide,
and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe
place. Cf. Hide to conceal.] To press
together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the
like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in
disorder; to crowd.
The cattle huddled on the lea.
Tennyson.
Huddling together on the public square . . . like a
herd of panic-struck deer.
Prescott.
Hud"dle, v. t. 1. To crowd
(things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order
or system.
Our adversary, huddling several suppositions
together, . . . makes a medley and confusion.
Locke.
2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence,
to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or
adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to
huddle together. \'bdHuddle up a
peace.\'b8
J. H. Newman.
Let him forescat his work with timely care,
Which else is huddled when the skies are fair.
Dryden.
Now, in all haste, they huddle on
Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.
Swift.
Hud"dle, n. A crowd; a number of persons
or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult;
confusion. \'bdA huddle of ideas.\'b8
Addison.
Hud"dler (?), n. One who
huddles things together.
Hudge (?), n. (Mining)
An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore.
Raymond.
Hu`di*bras"tic (?), a. Similar
to, or in the style of, the poem \'bdHudibras,\'b8 by
Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse.
Macaulay.
Hud*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as, the
Hudsonian curlew.
Hue (?), n. [OE.
hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS.
hiw, heow; akin to Sw. hy skin,
complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.]
1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye.
\'bdFlowers of all hue.\'b8
Milton.
Hues of the rich unfolding morn.
Keble.
2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a
composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by
combination with others.
Hue, n. [OE. hue,
huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an
exclamation.] A shouting or vociferation.
Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry
with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard
it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the
malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation
issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all
persons to aid in retaking him.
Burrill.
Hued (?), a. Having color; --
usually in composition; as, bright-hued;
many-hued.
Chaucer.
Hue"less (?), a. [AS.
hiwle\'a0s. See Hue color.]
Destitute of color.
Hudibras.
Hu"er (?), n. One who cries out
or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See
Balker.
Huff (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Huffed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.]
[Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of
imitative origin.] 1. To swell; to enlarge;
to puff up; as, huffed up with air.
Grew.
2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide
or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully.
You must not presume to huff us.
Echard.
3. (Draughts) To remove from the board
(the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See
Huff, v. i., 3.
Huff, v. i. 1. To enlarge; to
swell up; as, bread huffs.
2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or
arrogance; to storm; to take offense.
THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them
huff at the doctrine of repentance.
South.
3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a
man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so
called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.
Huff, n. 1. A swell of sudden
anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or
anger; a rage. \'bdLeft the place in a huff.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of
his own value or importance.
Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and
contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit.
South.
To take huff, to take offence.
Cowper.
Huff"cap` (?), n. A blusterer;
a bully. [Obs.] -- a.
Blustering; swaggering. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.
Huff"er (?), n. A bully; a
blusterer.
Hudibras.
Huff"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being huffish; petulance; bad temper.
Ld. Lytton.
Huff"ing*ly, adv. Blusteringly;
arrogantly. [R.]
And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride.
Old Ballad.
Huff"ish, a. Disposed to be blustering
or arrogant; petulant. -- Huff"ish*ly,
adv. -- Huff"ish*ness,
n.
Huff"y (?), a. 1.
Puffed up; as, huffy bread.
2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily
offended.
Hug (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Hugged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hugging.] [Prob. of Scand.
origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka
sig to squat, Icel. h/ka. Cf.
Huckster.] 1. To cower; to crouch;
to curl up. [Obs.]
Palsgrave.
2. To crowd together; to cuddle.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hug, v. t. 1. To press closely
within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. \'bdAnd
huggen me in his arms.\'b8
Shak.
2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.
We hug deformities if they bear our names.
Glanvill.
3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to
hug the land; to hug the wind.
To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self;
to chuckle.
Hug, n. A close embrace or clasping with
the arms, as in affection or in wrestling.
Fuller.
Huge (?), a.
[Compar. Huger (?);
superl. Hugest (?).]
[OE. huge, hoge, OF. ahuge,
ahoge.] Very large; enormous; immense;
excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities,
extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a huge space;
a huge difference. \'bdThe huge
confusion.\'b8 Chapman. \'bdA huge filly.\'b8
Jer. Taylor. -- Huge"ly,
adv. -- Huge"ness, n.
Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea.
Shak.
Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious;
vast.
Hug"ger (?), n. One who hugs or
embraces.
Hug"ger, v. t. & i. To conceal; to lurk
ambush. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Hug"ger-mug`ger (?), n. [Scot.
huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to lie in
ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.]
Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase in
hugger-mugger, with haste and secrecy.
[Archaic]
Many things have been done in hugger-mugger.
Fuller.
Hug"ger-mug`ger, a. 1. Secret;
clandestine; sly.
2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as,
hugger-mugger doings.
Hug"gle (?), v. t. [Freq. of
hug.] To hug. [Obs.]
Hu"gue*not (?), n. [F.,
properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is probably
derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some
person conspicuous as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in
France in the 16th century.
Hu"gue*not*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
huguenotisme.] The religion of the
Huguenots in France.
Hu"gy (?), a. Vast.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Hu"ia bird` (?). [Native name; -- so
called from its cry.] (Zo\'94l.) A New
Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris),
remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the
bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight,
that of the female much longer and strongly curved.
Hui"sher (?), n. [Obs.]
See Usher.
B. Jonson.
Hui"sher, v. t. To usher.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Huke (?), n. [OF.
huque, LL. huca; cf. D.
huik.] An outer garment worn in Europe in
the Middle Ages. [Written also heuk and
hyke.] [Obs.]
Bacon.
Hu"lan (?), n. See
Uhlan.
Hulch (?), n. [Cf.
Hunch.] A hunch. [Obs.]
Hulch"y (?), a. Swollen;
gibbous. [Obs.]
Hulk (?), n. [OE.
hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift
ship; akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G.
holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL.
holcas, Gr. /, prop., a ship which is towed, fr. /
to draw, drag, tow. Cf. Wolf, Holcad.]
1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind;
esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for
service. \'bdSome well-timbered hulk.\'b8
Spenser.
2. A heavy ship of clumsy build.
Skeat.
3. Anything bulky or unwieldly.
Shak.
Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an
apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship. --
The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used
as prisons. [Eng.] Dickens.
Hulk (?), v. t. [Cf. MLG.
holken to hollow out, Sw. h\'86lka.]
To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to
hulk a hare. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
{ Hulk"ing, Hulk"y (?), }
a. Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] \'bdA
huge hulking fellow.\'b8
H. Brooke.
Hull (?), n. [OE.
hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu;
akin to G. h\'81lle covering, husk, case,
h\'81llen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover,
AS. helan to hele, conceal. Hele, v. t., Hell.]
1. The outer covering of anything, particularly of
a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.
2. [In this sense perh. influenced by D.
hol hold of a ship, E. hold.]
(Naut.) The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive
of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging.
Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light.
Dryden.
Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her
hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.
Hull, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hulling.] 1. To strip off or
separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as,
to hull corn.
2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon
ball.
Hull, v. i. To toss or drive on the
water, like the hull of a ship without sails.
[Obs.]
Shak. Milton.
Hul`la*ba*loo" (?), n. [Perh. a
corruption of hurly-burly.] A confused
noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Hulled (?), a. Deprived of the
hulls.
Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared for
food by removing the hulls.
Hull"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for
removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.
Hul*lo" (?), interj. See
Hollo.
Hull"y (?), a. Having or
containing hulls.
Hu"lo*ist (?), n. See
Hyloist.
Hu"lo*the*ism (?), n. See
Hylotheism.
Hul"ver (?), n. [OE.
hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.]
Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.
Hum (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Hummed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Humming (?).] [Of
imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D.
hommelen. 1. To make a
low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to
murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums.
P. Fletcher.
Still humming on, their drowsy course they
keep.
Pope.
2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter
m prolonged, without opening the mouth, or
articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone.
The cloudy messenger turns me his back,
And hums.
Shak.
3. [Cf. Hum, interj.]
To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through
the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a
affectation; to hem.
4. To express satisfaction by a humming
noise.
Here the spectators hummed.
Trial of the Regicides.
5. To have the sensation of a humming noise;
as, my head hums, -- a pathological
condition.
Hum, v. t. 1. To sing with shut
mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to
hum a tune.
2. To express satisfaction with by humming.
3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose
on; to humbug. [Colloq. & Low]
Hum, n. 1. A low monotonous
noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a
wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.
The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums.
Shak.
2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as:
(a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery,
etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of
industry.
But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of
men.
Byron.
(b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation.
Macaulay.
3. An imposition or hoax.
4. [Cf. Hem, interj.]
An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm,
uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation,
etc.
THese shrugs, these hums and ha's.
Shak.
5. [Perh. so called because strongly
intoxicating.] A kind of strong drink formerly
used. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Venous hum. See under
Venous.
Hum, interj. [Cf. Hem,
interj.] Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound
uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and
deliberation.
Pope.
Hu"man (?), a. [L.
humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F.
humain. See Homage, and cf. Humane,
Omber.] Belonging to man or mankind; having
the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or
to the race of man; as, a human voice;
human shape; human nature; human
sacrifices.
To err is human; to forgive, divine.
Pope.
Hu"man, n. A human being.
[Colloq.]
Sprung of humans that inhabit earth.
Chapman.
We humans often find ourselves in strange
position.
Prof. Wilson.
Hu"man*ate (?), a. [LL.
humanatus.] Indued with humanity.
[Obs.]
Cranmer.
Hu*mane" (?), a. [L.
humanus: cf. F. humain. See
Human.] 1. Pertaining to man;
human. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable
to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or
animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.
Of an exceeding courteous and humane
inclination.
Sportswood.
3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.
Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate;
gentle; tender; merciful.
-- Hu*mane"ly, adv. --
Hu*mane"ness, n.
<-- p. 712 -->
Hu*man"ics (?), n. The study of
human nature. [R.]
T. W. Collins.
Hu*man"i*fy (?), v. t. To make
human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate.
[R.]
The humanifying of the divine Word.
H. B. Wilson.
Hu"man*ism (?), n. 1.
Human nature or disposition; humanity.
[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with
indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of
abstract humanism.
T. Hardy.
2. The study of the humanities; polite
learning.
Hu"man*ist, n. [Cf. F.
humaniste.] 1. One of the scholars
who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of
the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name
Humanist as their distinctive title.
Schaff-Herzog.
2. One who purposes the study of the humanities, or
polite literature.
3. One versed in knowledge of human nature.
Hu`man*is"tic (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic
devotion.
Caird.
2. Pertaining to polite kiterature.
M. Arnold.
Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an (?), a.
1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) Pertaining to
humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a
humanitarian view of Christ's nature.
2. (Philos.) Content with right
affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from
religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature
without supernatural aid.
3. Benevolent; philanthropic.
[Recent]
Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. [From
Humanity.] 1. (Theol. & Ch.
Hist.) One who denies the divinity of Christ, and
believes him to have been merely human.
2. (Philos.) One who limits the sphere
of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or
disparagement of the religious or spiritual.
3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the
welfare of his kind; a philanthropist.
[Recent]
Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n.
1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) The distinctive
tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ;
also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of
Christ.
2. (Philos.) The doctrine that man's
obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the
human relations.
Hu`ma*ni"tian (?), n. A
humanist. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Humanities (#). [L.
humanitas: cf. F. humanit\'82. See
Human.] 1. The quality of being
human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished
from other beings.
2. Mankind collectively; the human race.
But hearing oftentimes
The still, and music humanity.
Wordsworth.
It is a debt we owe to humanity.
S. S. Smith.
3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings,
dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to
relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all
creatures with kindness and tenderness. \'bdThe common
offices of humanity and friendship.\'b8
Locke.
4. Mental cultivation; liberal education;
instruction in classical and polite literature.
Polished with humanity and the study of witty
science.
Holland.
5. pl. (With definite article) The
branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric,
poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.
liter\'91 humaniores, or, in English, the
humanities, . . . by way of opposition to the
liter\'91 divin\'91, or divinity.
G. P. Marsh.
Hu*man`i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of humanizing.
M. Arnold.
Hu"man*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Humanized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humanizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
humaniser.] 1. To render human or
humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel
dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.
Was it the business of magic to humanize our
natures with compassion?
Addison.
2. To give a human character or expression
to. \'bdHumanized divinities.\'b8
Caird.
3. (Med.) To convert into something
human or belonging to man; as, to humanize vaccine
lymph.
Hu"man*ize, v. i. To become or be made
more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated.
By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the
punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it
admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the
exchange of prisoners instead of slavery.
Franklin.
Hu"man*i`zer (?), n. One who
renders humane.
Hu"man*kind` (?), n.
Mankind.
Pope.
Hu"man*ly, adv. 1. In a human
manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or
wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, humanly
speaking, promise a happy issue.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.]
Pope.
Hu"man*ness, n. The quality or state of
being human.
Hu"mate (?), n. [L.
humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.)
A salt of humic acid.
Hu*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to
inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See
Homage.] Interment; inhumation.
[R.]
Hum"bird` (?), n. Humming
bird.
Hum"ble (?), a.
[Compar. Humbler (?);
superl. Humblest (?).]
[F., fr. L. humilis on the ground, low, fr.
humus the earth, ground. See Homage, and cf.
Chameleon, Humiliate.] 1.
Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or
magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble
cottage.
THy humble nest built on the ground.
Cowley.
2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little
for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's
self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of
God; lowly; waek; modest.
God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the
humble.
Jas. iv. 6.
She should be humble who would please.
Prior.
Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of
our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation.
Washington.
Humble plant (Bot.), a species of
sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa (M.
sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to
endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield
passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a
pie made of the entrails or humbles of a deer, which
was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast.
See Humbles. Halliwell.
Thackeray.
Hum"ble (?), a. Hornless. See
Hummel. [Scot.]
Hum"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Humbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling
(?).] 1. To bring low; to
reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to
abase; to humilate.
Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues
Have humbled to all strokes.
Shak.
The genius which humbled six marshals of
France.
Macaulay.
2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the
pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to
make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively.
Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand
of God, that he may exalt you.
1 Pet. v. 6.
Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify;
disgrace; degrade.
Hum"ble*bee` (?), n. [OE.
humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D.
hommel, G. hummel, OHG. humbal,
Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to
hum. Bumblebee.]
(Zo\'94l.) The bumblebee.
Shak.
Hum"ble*head` (?), n.
[Humble + -head.] Humble
condition or estate; humility. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hum"ble*ness, n. The quality of being
humble; humility; meekness.
Hum"bler (?), n. One who, or
that which, humbles some one.
Hum"bles (?), n. pl. [See
Nombles.] Entrails of a deer.
[Written also umbles.]
Johnson.
Hum"blesse (?), n. [OF.]
Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Hum"bly, adv. With humility;
lowly.
Pope.
Hum"bug` (?), n. [Prob. fr.
hum to impose on, deceive + bug a frightful
object.] 1. An imposition under fair
pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a
trick by cajolery; a hoax.
2. A spirit of deception; cajolery;
trickishness.
3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or
trickish fellow; an impostor.
Sir J. Stephen.
Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Humbugged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Humbugging (?).] To
deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.
Hum"bug`ger (?), n. One who
humbugs.
Hum"bug`ger*y (?), n. The
practice of imposition.
Hum"drum` (?), a. Monotonous;
dull; commonplace. \'bdA humdrum crone.\'b8
Bryant.
Hum"drum`, n. 1. A dull fellow;
a bore.
B. Jonson.
2. Monotonous and tedious routine.
Dissatisfied with humdrum.
The Nation.
3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one
horse.
{ Hu*mect" (?), Hu*mec"tate
(?), } v. t. [L.
humectare, humectatum, fr.
humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf.
F. humecter.] To moisten; to wet.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Hu*mec"tant (?), a. [L.
humectans, p.pr.] Diluent. --
n. A diluent drink or
medicine. [Obs.]
Hu`mec*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
humectatio: cf. F. humectation.]
A moistening. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Hu*mec"tive (?), a. Tending to
moisten. [Obs.]
Hu"mer*al (?), a. [L.
humerus the shoulder: cf. F.
hum\'82ral.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm;
brachial.
Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long,
narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn
round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at
Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with
the hands.
\'d8Hu"me*rus (?), n.; pl.
Humeri (#). [L.]
(Anat.) (a) The bone of the brachium, or
upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The
part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.
Hu"mic (?), a. [L.
humus the earth, ground: cf. F.
humique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic
acid. See Humin.
Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
humus the ground + cubare to lie
down.] The act or practice of lying on the
ground. [Obs.]
Abp. Bramhall.
Hu"mid (?), a. [L.
humidus, umidus, fr. humere,
umere, to be moist; akin to uvidus moist,
Gr. /, Skr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel.
v\'94kr moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F.
humide.] Containing sensible moisture;
damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere;
somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth;
consisting of water or vapor.
Evening cloud, or humid bow.
Milton.
Hu*mid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
humidit\'82.] Moisture; dampness; a
moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or
touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which
has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.
Humidity 100, and its partial saturation by smaller
numbers.
Hu"mid*ness (?), n.
Humidity.
Hu"mi*fuse (?), a. [L.
humus ground + fusus, p.p. of
fundere to spread.] (Bot.)
Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent.
Gray.
Hu*mil"i*ant (?), a. [L.
humilians, p.pr. of humiliare.]
Humiliating; humbling. \'bdHumiliant
thoughts.\'b8 [R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Hu*mil"i*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Humiliated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Humiliating.] [L.
humiliatus, p.p. of humiliare. See
Humble.] To reduce to a lower position in
one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to
mortify.
We stand humiliated rather than encouraged.
M. Arnold.
Hu*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L.
humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.]
1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of
pride; mortification.
Bp. Hopkins.
2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or
reduced to lowliness or submission.
The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a
humiliation of manhood.
Hooker.
Hu*mil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Humilities (#). [OE.
humilite, OF. humilit\'82,
humelit\'82, F. humilit\'82, fr. L.
humiliatis. See Humble.] 1.
The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and
arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own
worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and
sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness.
Serving the Lord with all humility of mind.
Acts xx. 19.
2. An act of submission or courtesy.
With these humilities they satisfied the young
king.
Sir J. Davies.
Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty;
diffidence. -- Humility, Modesty,
Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our
powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured,
since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is
not usually called diffidence. It may be carried too
far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue.
Modesty, without supposing self-distrust, implies an
unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all
over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists
in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights,
and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require
of us to underrate ourselves.
Hu"min (?), n. [L.
humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.)
A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted
from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on
certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also humic
acid, ulmin,
gein, ulmic or
geic acid, etc.
\'d8Hu*mi"ri (?), n. [From
native name.] (Bot.) A fragrant balsam
obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus
Humirium.
Hum"ite (?), n. [Named after
Sir A.Hume.] (Min.) A mineral of
a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses
of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing
fluorine.
Hum"mel (?), v. t. [Cf.
Hamble.] To separate from the awns; -- said
of barley. [Scot.]
Hum"mel, a. Having no awns or no horns;
as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow.
[Scot.]
Hum"mel*er (?), n. [Written
also hummeller.] One who, or a machine
which, hummels.
Hum"mer (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming.
Ainsworth.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A humming bird.
Hum"ming (?), a. Emitting a
murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.
Hum"ming, n. A sound like that made by
bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum.
Hummingale, lively or strong ale.
Dryden. -- Humming bird
(Zo\'94l.), any bird of the family
Trochilid\'91, of which over one hundred genera are
known, including about four hundred species. They are found only
in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly
of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors
and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating
their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both
upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common
humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is
Trochilus culubris. Several other species are found in
the Western United States. See Calliope, and
Ruby-throat. -- Humming-bird moth
(Zo\'94l.), a hawk moth. See Hawk
moth, under Hawk, the bird.
Hum"mock (?), n. [Prob. a dim.
of hump. See Hump.] 1. A
rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent,
above a level surface.
2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.
3. Timbered land. See Hammock.
[Southern U.S.]
Hum"mock*ing, n. The process of forming
hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice.
Kane.
Hum"mock*y (?), a. Abounding in
hummocks.
Hum"mum (?), n. [Per. or Ar.
hamm\'ben.] A sweating bath or place for
sweating.
Sir T. Herbert.
Hu"mor (?), n. [OE.
humour, OF. humor, umor, F.
humeur, L. humor, umor,
moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be
moist. See Humid.] [Written also
humour.] 1. Moisture,
especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle,
lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye,
etc.
2. (Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal
fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin. \'bdA
body full of humors.\'b8
Sir W. Temple.
3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as
formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of
the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; as, good
humor; ill humor.
Examine how your humor is inclined,
And which the ruling passion of your mind.
Roscommon.
A prince of a pleasant humor.
Bacon.
I like not the humor of lying.
Shak.
4. pl. Changing and uncertain states
of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims.
Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he
not humors to be endured?
South.
5. That quality of the imagination which gives to
ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite
laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a
playful fancy; facetiousness.
For thy sake I admit
That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said wit.
Goldsmith.
A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the
perplexities of mine host.
W. Irving.
Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor
lens, Vitreous humor.
(Anat.) See Eye. -- Out of
humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame
of mind.
Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood;
frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See Wit.
<-- p. 713 -->
Hu"mor (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Humored
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Humoring.] 1. To comply with
the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities,
caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by
skillful adaptation; as, to humor the
mind.
It is my part to invent, and the musician's to
humor that invention.
Dryden.
2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment;
to soothe; to gratify; to please.
You humor me when I am sick.
Pope.
Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify.
Hu"mor*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
humoral.] Pertaining to, or proceeding
from, the humors; as, a humoral fever.
Humoral pathology (Med.), the
pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which
attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of
the fluids or humors of the body.<-- antiquated -->
Hu"mor*al*ism (?), n. 1.
(Med.) The state or quality of being
humoral.
2. (Med.) The doctrine that diseases
proceed from the humors; humorism. [Obs.]
Hu"mor*al*ist, n. One who favors the
humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.
Hu"mor*ism (?), n. 1.
(Med.) The theory founded on the influence which
the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease;
Galenism.
Dunglison.
2. The manner or disposition of a humorist;
humorousness.
Coleridge.
Hu"mor*ist, n. [Cf. F.
humoriste.] 1. (Med.)
One who attributes diseases of the state of the
humors.
2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of
character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.
He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist
in all parts of his life.
Addison.
3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing;
one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.
The reputation of wits and humorists.
Addison.
Hu`mor*is"tic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.
Hu"mor*ize (?), v. t. To
humor.
Marston.
Hu"mor*less, a. Destitute of
humor.
Hu"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. L.
humorosus, umorosus, moist. See
Humor.] 1. Moist; humid;
watery. [Obs.]
All founts wells, all deeps humorous.
Chapman.
2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice;
irregular; capricious; whimsical.
Hawthorne.
Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind.
Dryden.
3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter;
playful; as, a humorous story or author; a
humorous aspect.
Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.
Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv. 1.
Capriciously; whimsically.
We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously.
Calamy.
2. Facetiously; wittily.
Hu"mor*ous*ness, n. 1.
Moodiness; capriciousness.
2. Facetiousness; jocularity.
Hu"mor*some (?), a. 1.
Moody; whimsical; capricious.
Hawthorne.
The commons do not abet humorsome, factious
arms.
Burke.
2. Jocose; witty; humorous.
Swift.
Hu"mor*some*ly, adv. Pleasantly;
humorously.
Hu"mor*some*ness, n. Quality of being
humorsome.
Hump (?), n. [Cf. D.
homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump,
possibly akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.]
1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance
formed by a crooked back.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fleshy protuberance on
the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.
Hump"back` (?), n. [Cf.
Hunchback.] 1. A crooked back; a
humped back.
Tatler.
2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any whale of
the genus Megaptera, characterized by a hump or bunch
on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in
the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe,
and M. osphyia of America; that of the California
coasts is M. versabilis. (b) A
small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the
northwest coast of America.
Hump"backed` (?), a. Having a
humped back.
Humped (?), a. Having a hump,
as the back.
Humph (?), interj. [Of
imitative origin.] An exclamation denoting surprise,
or contempt, doubt, etc.
Hump"less (?), a. Without a
hump.
Darwin.
Hump"-shoul`dered (?), a.
Having high, hunched shoulders.
Hawthorne.
Hump"y (?), a. Full of humps or
bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.
Hum"strum` (?), n. An
instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly
played.
Hu"mu*lin (?), n. [NL.
Humulus, the genus including the hop.] An
extract of hops.
\'d8Hu"mus (?), n. [L., the
earth, ground, soil.] That portion of the soil formed
by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a
valuable constituent of soils.
Graham.
Hun (?), n. [L.
Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni;
cf. AS. H/nas, H/ne, OHG.
H/ni, G. Hunnen.] One of a
warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century,
under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.
Hunch (?), n. [Perh. akin to
huckle; cf. hump, hunch,
bunch, hunk.] 1. A
hump; a protuberance.
2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch
of bread.
3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.
Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hunched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hunching.] 1. To push
or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.
2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook,
as the back.
Dryden.
Hunch"back` (?), n. [Cf.
Humpback.] A back with a hunch or hump; also,
a hunchbacked person.
Hunch"backed` (?), a. Having a
humped back.
Hun"dred (?), n. [OE.
hundred, AS. hundred a territorial
division; hund hundred + a word akin to Goth.
ga-ra/jan to count, L. ratio reckoning,
account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D.
hondred, G. hundert, OHG. also
hunt, Icel. hundra/, Dan.
hundrede, Sw. hundra, hundrade,
Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ.
sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L.
centum, Gr. /, Skr. \'87ata. Cent, Century, Hecatomb,
Quintal, and Reason.] 1.
The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten
times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units
or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred
units, as 100 or C.
With many hundreds treading on his heels.
Shak.
hundred, as well as
thousand, million, etc., often takes a
plural form. We may say hundreds, or many
hundreds, meaning individual objects or units, but
with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five
hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually
intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as,
ten hundreds are one thousand.
2. A division of a country in England, supposed to
have originally contained a hundred families, or
freemen.
Hundred court, a court held for all the
inhabitants of a hundred. [Eng.]
Blackstone.
Hun"dred, a. Ten times ten; five score;
as, a hundred dollars.
Hun"dred*er (?), n. 1.
An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.
2. (Law) A person competent to serve on
a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he
belongs.
3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and
sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred.
Blount. Cowell.
Hun"dred*fold` (?), n. A
hundred times as much or as many.
He shall receive as hundredfold now in this
time.
Mark x. 30.
Hun"dredth (?), a. 1.
Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or
units.
2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which
anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.
Hun"dredth, n. One of a hundred equal
parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient
of a unit divided by a hundred.
Hun"dred*wieght` (?), n. A
denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds
avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal
standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United
States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds
avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes
called the short ton, beingthe legal ton.
Hung (?), imp. & p. p. of
Hang.
Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly
salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.
Hun*ga"ri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. --
n. A native or one of the people of
Hungary.
Hungarian grass. See Italian
millet, under Millet.
Hun"ga*ry (?), n. A country in
Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Hungary water, a distilled \'bdwater,\'b8 made
from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers,
etc.
Hun"ger (?), n. [AS.
hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D.
honger, OS. & OHG. hungar, G.
hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan.
hunger, Goth. h/hrus hunger,
huggrjan to hunger.] 1. An uneasy
sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or
desire for food.
2. Any strong eager desire.
O sacred hunger of ambitious minds!
Spenser.
For hunger of my gold I die.
Dryden.
Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Hungered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hungering.] [OE.
hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger,
n.] 1. To feel the craving or
uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by
hunger.
2. To have an eager desire; to long.
Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after
righteouness.
Matt. v. 6.
Hun"ger, v. t. To make hungry; to
famish.
{ Hun"ger-bit` (?),
Hun"ger-bit`ten (?), } a.
Pinched or weakened by hunger. [Obs.]
Milton.
Hun"gered (?), a. Hungry;
pinched for food. [Obs.]
Milton.
Hun"ger*er (?), n. One who
hungers; one who longs.
Lamb.
Hun"ger*ly, a. Wanting food;
starved. [Obs.]
Shak.
Hun"ger*ly, adv. With keen
appetite. [Obs.]
Shak.
Hun"ger-starve` (?), v. t. To
starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.]
Shak.
Hun"gred (?), a. Hungered;
hungry. [Archaic]
Hun"gri*ly (?), adv. [From
Hunger.] In a hungry manner;
voraciously.
Dryden.
Hun"gry (?), a.
[Compar. Hungrier (?);
superl. Hungriest.] [AS.
hungrid. See Hunger.] 1.
Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness
or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager
desire.
2. Showing hunger or a craving desire;
voracious.
The cruel, hungry foam.
C. Kingsley.
Cassius has a lean and hungry look.
Shak.
3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved;
as, a hungry soil. \'bdThe
hungry beach.\'b8
Shak.
Hunk (?), n. [Cf.
Hunch.] A large lump or piece; a hunch;
as, a hunk of bread.
[Colloq.]
<-- 2. a sexually attractive, well-built man. -->
Hun"ker (?), n. Originally, a
nickname for a member of the conservative section of the
Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in
general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.]
Hun"ker*ism (?), n. Excessive
conservatism; hostility to progress. [Political Cant,
U.S.]
Hunks (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a
niggard.
Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness
of an old hunks.
Gray.
Hunt (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Hunting.] [AS.
huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow,
pursue, Goth. hin/an (in comp.) to seize. Hent.] 1. To search for or
follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for
the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns
for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a
deer.
Like a dog, he hunts in dreams.
Tennyson.
2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue;
to follow; -- often with out or up; as,
to hunt up the facts; to hunt out
evidence.
Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow
him.
Ps. cxl. 11.
3. To drive; to chase; -- with down,
from, away, etc.; as, to hunt
down a criminal; he was hunted from the
parish.
4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.
He hunts a pack of dogs.
Addison.
5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as,
he hunts the woods, or the country.
Hunt, v. i. 1. To follow the
chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds.
Esau went to the field to hunt for venison.
Gen. xxvii. 5.
2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with
for or after.
He after honor hunts, I after love.
Shak.
To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward
in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hunt, n. 1. The act or practice
of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search.
The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray.
Shak.
2. The game secured in the hunt.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.]
4. An association of huntsmen.
5. A district of country hunted over.
Every landowner within the hunt.
London Field.
Hunt"-count`er (?), n. A
worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hunt"e (?), n. [AS.
hunta.] A hunter. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hunt"er (?), n. 1. One
who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a
huntsman.
2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the
chase; a hunting dog.
Shak.
3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a
thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.
4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for
game; as, a fortune hunter a place
hunter.
No keener hunter after glory breathes.
Tennyson.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of spider. See
Hunting spider, under Hunting.
6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is
protected by a metallic cover.
Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest
moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a
differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under
Differential.
Hun*te"ri*an (?), a. Discovered
or described by John Hunter, an English surgeon;
as, the Hunterian chancre. See
Chancre.
Hunt"ing (?), n. The pursuit of
game or of wild animals.
A. Smith.
Happy hunting grounds, the region to which,
according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of
warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and
feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box.
Same As Hunting lodge (below). --
Hunting cat (Zo\'94l.), the
cheetah. -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a
tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number
of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus
preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth.
-- Hunting dog (Zo\'94l.), the hyena
dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district
abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed
over by the North American Indians in search of game. --
Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase.
See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting
leopard (Zo\'94l.), the cheetah. --
Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the
purpose of hunting. -- Hunting seat, a
hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt,
a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. --
Hunting spider (Zo\'94l.), a spider
which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf
spider. -- Hunting watch. See
Hunter, 6.
Hunt"ress (?), n. A woman who
hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress
Diana.
Shak.
Hunts"man (?), n.; pl.
Huntsmen (/). 1. One
who hunts, or who practices hunting.
2. The person whose office it is to manage the
chase or to look after the hounds.
L'Estrange.
Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the
sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant
(Sarracenia purpurea).
<-- p. 714 -->
Hunts"man*ship (?), n. The art
or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter.
Donne.
Hunt's"-up` (?), n. A tune
played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the
hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head.
Drayton.
Hur"den (?), n. [From
Hurds.] A coarse kind of linen; -- called
also harden. [Prov. Eng.]
Hur"dle (?), n. [OE.
hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin
to D. horde, OHG. hurt, G.
h\'81rde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur/
door, Goth. ha\'a3rds, L. cratis
wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. /, Skr. k/t to spin,
c/t to bind, connect. Crate,
Grate, n.] 1. A movable
frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or
sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and
cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as
revetments, and for other purposes.
2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals
were formerly drawn to the place of execution.
Bacon.
3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed,
over which men or horses leap in a race.
Hurdle race, a race in which artificial
barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be
leaped.
Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hurdleed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hurdleing (?).] To
hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles.
Milton.
Hur"dle*work` (?), n. Work
after manner of a hurdle.
Hurds (?), n. [See
Hards.] The coarse part of flax or hemp;
hards.
Hur"dy-gur`dy (?), n. [Prob. of
imitative origin.] 1. A stringled instrument,
lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction
of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two
of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in
unison, are modulated by keys.
2. In California, a water wheel with radial
buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.
Hur*ka"ru (?), n. [Hind.
hark\'bera] In India, a running footman; a
messenger. [Written also
hurkaroo.]
Hurl (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hurled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.]
[OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted
fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or probably akin to E.
whirl. Hurtle.]
1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to
throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to
hurl a stone or lance.
And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and
main.
Pope.
2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity;
as, to hurl charges or invective.
Spenser.
3. [Cf. Whirl.] To twist or
turn. \'bdHurled or crooked feet.\'b8
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Hurl, v. i. 1. To hurl one's
self; to go quickly. [R.]
2. To perform the act of hurling something; to
throw something (at another).
God shall hurl at him and not spare.
Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).
3. To play the game of hurling. See
Hurling.
Hurl, n. 1. The act of hurling
or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling.
Congreve.
2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly.
[Obs.]
Knolles.
3. (Hat Manuf.) A table on which fiber
is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.
Hurl"bat` (?), n. See
Whirlbat. [Obs.]
Holland.
Hurl"bone` (?), n. 1.
See Whirlbone.
2. (Far.) A bone near the middle of the
buttock of a horse.
Crabb.
Hurl"er (?), n. One who hurls,
or plays at hurling.
Hurl"ing, n. 1. The act of
throwing with force.
2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played.
Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the
ball.
Carew.
Hurl"wind` (?), n. A
whirlwind. [Obs.]
Sandys.
Hur"ly (?), n. [Cf. F.
hurler to howl.] Noise; confusion;
uproar.
That, with the hurly, death itself awakes.
Shak.
Hur"ly-bur`ly (?), n.
[Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F.
hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E.
hurry.] Tumult; bustle; confusion.
Shak.
All places were filled with tumult and
hurly-burly.
Knolles.
Hu*ro"ni*an (?), a. [Named from
Lake Huron.] (Geol.) Of or
pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the borders of
Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the
latter part of the Arch\'91an age.
Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous" (?), n.
(Ethnol.) A linguistic group of warlike North
American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins,
and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations.
They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario,
and the larger part of New York.
Hu"rons (?), n. pl.;
sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful
and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin
stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron,
Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five
Nations about 1650.
Hurr (?), v. i. [See
Hurry.] To make a rolling or burring
sound. [Obs.]
R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the
sound.
B. Jonson.
{ Hur*rah" Hur*ra" } (?),
interj. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra.
Cf. Huzza.] A word used as a shout of joy,
triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome.
Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of
Navarre.
Macaulay.
Hur*rah", n. A cheer; a shout of joy,
etc.
Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion.
[Colloq. U.S.]
A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen.
Mrs. Stowe.
Hur*rah" (?), v. i. To utter
hurrahs; to huzza.
Hur*rah", v. t. To salute, or applaud,
with hurrahs.
Hur"ri*cane (?), n. [Sp.
hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high
wind.] A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury
and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by
rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East
and West Indies. Also used figuratively.
Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd.
Tennyson.
Each guilty thought to me is
A dreadful hurricane.
Massinger.
Hurricane bird (Zo\'94l.), the
frigate bird. -- Hurricane deck.
(Naut.) See under Deck.
Hur`ri*ca"no (?), n.; pl.
Hurricanoes (#). A waterspout; a
hurricane. [Obs.] Drayton. \'bdYou
cataracts and hurricanoes, spout.\'b8
Shak.
Hur"ried (?), a. 1.
Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a
hurried writer; a hurried life.
2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless;
as, a hurried job. \'bdA
hurried meeting.\'b8
Milton.
-- Hur"ried*ly, adv. --
Hur"ried*ness, n.
Hur"ri*er (?), n. One who
hurries or urges.
Hur"ries (?), n. A staith or
framework from which coal is discharged from cars into
vessels.
Hur"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hurried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hurrying.] [OE. horien; cf.
OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr
great haste, Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr
hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to hurry, and E.
hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative
origin.] 1. To hasten; to impel to greater
speed; to urge on.
Impetuous lust hurries him on.
South.
They hurried him abroad a bark.
Shak.
2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action;
to urge to confused or irregular activity.
And wild amazement hurries up and down
The little number of your doubtful friends.
Shak.
3. To cause to be done quickly.
Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken;
accelerate; urge.
Hur"ry, v. i. To move or act with haste;
to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us
hurry.
To hurry up, to make haste.
[Colloq.]
Hur"ry, n. The act of hurrying in motion
or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion.
Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind,
and puts into a violent hurry of thought.
Addison.
Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.
Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv. In a hurrying
manner.
Hur"ry-skur`ry (?), adv. [An
imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to rattle, snarl, E.
scurry.] Confusedly; in a bustle.
[Obs.]
Gray.
Hurst (?), n. [OE.
hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG.
hurst, horst, wood, thicket, G.
horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie,
thicket.] A wood or grove; -- a word used in the
composition of many names, as in Hazlehurst.
Hurt, n. (Mach.) (a)
A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions.
(b) A husk. See Husk, 2.
Hurt (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hurt (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.]
[OE. hurten, hirten,
horten, herten; prob. fr. OF.
hurter, heurter, to knock, thrust, strike,
F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive,
assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the
orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf.
D. horten to push, strike, MHG. hurten,
both prob. fr. Old French.] 1. To cause
physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise
painfully.
The hurt lion groans within his den.
Dryden.
2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or
pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm.
Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt.
Milton.
3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain
to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to
grieve. \'bdI am angry and hurt.\'b8
Thackeray.
Hurt"er, n. 1. A bodily injury
causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.
The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men
feel.
Locke.
2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a
slight; a stain; as of sin.
But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that
Honor feels.
Tennyson.
3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.
Thou dost me yet but little hurt.
Shak.
Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss;
detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.
Hurt"er (?), n. One who hurts
or does harm.
I shall not be a hurter, if no helper.
Beau. & Fl.
Hurt"er, n. [F. heurtoir,
lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.]
A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.:
(Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform,
designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the
parapet.
Hurt"ful (?), a. Tending to
impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or
injury; as, hurtful words or conduct.
Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial;
detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious;
unwholesome; destructive.
-- Hurt"ful*ly, adv. --
Hurt"ful*ness, n.
Hur"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hurtled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling
(?).] [OE. hurtlen, freq. of
hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf.
Hurl.] 1. To meet with violence or
shock; to clash; to jostle.
Together hurtled both their steeds.
Fairfax.
2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or
with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.
Now hurtling round, advantage for to take.
Spenser.
Down the hurtling cataract of the ages.
R. L. Stevenson.
3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of
arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to
resound.
The noise of battle hurtled in the air.
Shak.
The earthquake sound
Hurtling 'death the solid ground.
Mrs. Browning.
Hur"tle (?), v. t. 1.
To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to
brandish. [Obs.]
His harmful club he gan to hurtle high.
Spenser.
2. To push; to jostle; to hurl.
And he hurtleth with his horse adown.
Chaucer.
Hur"tle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf.
Huckleberry, Whortleberry.] See
Whortleberry.
Hurt"less (?), a. Doing no
injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm.
Gentle dame so hurtless and so true.
Spenser.
-- Hurt"less*ly, adv. --
Hurt"less*ness, n.
Hus"band (?), n. [OE.
hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master
of the house or family, AS. h/sbonda master of the
house; h/s house + bunda,
bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel.
h/sb\'d3ndi house master, husband; h/s
house + b/andi dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of
b/a to dwell; akin to AS. b/an, Goth.
bauan. See House Be, and cf. Bond a
slave, Boor.] 1. The male head of a
household; one who orders the economy of a family.
[Obs.]
2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman.
[Obs.]
Shak.
The painful husband, plowing up his ground.
Hakewill.
He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his
domestic and field accommodations.
Evelyn.
3. One who manages or directs with prudence and
economy; a frugal person; an economist. [R.]
God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good
husband, to improve the short remnant left me.
Fuller.
4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the
correlative to wife.
The husband and wife are one person in law.
Blackstone.
5. The male of a pair of animals.
[R.]
Dryden.
A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent
representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and
receipts.
Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Husbanding.] 1. To direct and
manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the
best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.
For my means, I'll husband them so well,
They shall go far.
Shak.
2. To cultivate, as land; to till.
[R.]
Land so trim and rarely husbanded.
Evelyn.
3. To furnish with a husband.
[R.]
Shak.
Hus"band*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being husbanded, or managed with economy.
Sherwood.
Hus"band*age (?), n.
(Naut.) The commission or compensation allowed to
a ship's husband.
Hus"band*less, a. Destitute of a
husband.
Shak.
Hus"band*ly, a. Frugal; thrifty.
[R.]
Tusser.
Hus"band*man (?), n.; pl.
Husbandmen (/). 1. The
master of a family. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the
ground.
Hus"band*ry (?), n. 1.
Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management;
thrift.
There's husbandry in heaven;
Their candles are all out.
Shak.
2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the
various branches of agriculture; farming.
Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for
food.
Spenser.
Hush (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hushed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.]
[OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of
imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to lull to sleep, G.
husch quick, make haste, be silent.] 1.
To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the
noise or clamor of.
My tongue shall hush again this storm of war.
Shak.
2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.
With thou, then,
Hush my cares?
Otway.
And hush'd my deepest grief of all.
Tennyson.
To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to
suppress; to keep secret. \'bdThis matter is hushed
up.\'b8
Pope.
Hush, v. i. To become or to keep still
or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an
exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.
Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill.
Keble.
But all these strangers' presence every one did
hush.
Spenser.
Hush, n. Stillness; silence;
quiet. [R.] \'bdIt is the hush of
night.\'b8
Byron.
Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or
to prevent the disclosure of facts.
Swift.
Hush, a. Silent; quiet.
\'bdHush as death.\'b8
Shak.
Hush"er (?), n. An usher.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Hush"ing, n. (Mining) The
process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a
heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also
called booming.
Husk (?), n. [Prob. for
hulsk, and from the same root as hull a
husk. See Hull a husk.] 1. The
external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume;
hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the
covering of the ears of maize.
2. The supporting frame of a run of
millstones.
Husks of the prodigal son (Bot.),
the pods of the carob tree. See Carob.
Husk, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Husked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Husking.] To strip off the external
covering or envelope of; as, to husk Indian
corn.
Husked (?), a. 1.
Covered with a husk.
2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.
Hus"ki*ly (?), adv. [From
Husky.] In a husky manner; dryly.
Hus"ki*ness, n. 1. The state of
being husky.
2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness;
as, huskiness of voice.
G. Eliot.
<-- p. 715 -->
Husk"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian
corn.
2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in
husking maize; -- called also husking bee.
[U.S.] \'bdA red ear in the husking.\'b8
Longfellow.
Husk"y (?), a. [From
Husk, n.] Abounding with husks;
consisting of husks.
Dryden.
Hus"ky (?), a. [Prob. for
husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS.
hw\'d3sta; akin to D. hoest, G.
husten, OHG. huosto, Icel.
h\'d3sti. See Wheeze.] Rough in
tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky
voice.
Hu"so (?), n. [NL., fr. G.
hausen, and E. isin/glass.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A large European sturgeon
(Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region of the Black
and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than
twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also
hausen.<-- = the beluga, source of the
best caviar --> (b) The huchen, a large
salmon.
Hus*sar" (?), n. [Hung.
husz\'a0r, from husz twenty, because under
King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses
were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F.
houssard, hussard, from the same
source.] (Mil.) Originally, one of the
national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light
cavalry of European armies.
Huss"ite (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of John Huss, the
Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in
1415.
Hus"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr.
huswife.] 1. A housewife or
housekeeper. [Obs.]
2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a
jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach.
Grew.
3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young
woman; -- used jocosely.
Goldsmith.
Hus"sy, n. [From Icel. h/si
a case, prob. fr. h/s house. See House, and
cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.]
A case or bag. See Housewife, 2.
Hus"tings (?), n. pl. [OE.
husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h/sting;
of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h/s/ing;
h/s home + /ing thing, assembly,
meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing.
See House, and Thing.] 1. A
court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a
court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and
sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery
of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this
court has become unimportant.
Mozley & W.
2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the
election of members of the British Parliament.
3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament
formerly stood in addressing the electors.
[Eng.]
When the rotten hustings shake
In another month to his brazen lies.
Tennyson.
Hus"tle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hustled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling
(?).] [D. hustelen to shake,
fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.]
To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd
rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person
out of a room.
Macaulay.
Hus"tle, v. i. To push or crows; to
force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a
hurry.
Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor
with his dress worfully arrayed.
Sir W. Scott.
Hus"wife (?), n. [OE.
huswif; hus house + wif wife.
Cf. Hussy a housewife, Housewife.]
[Written also housewife.] 1.
A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs;
a thirfty woman. \'bdThe bounteous huswife
Nature.\'b8
Shak.
The huswife is she that do labor doth fall.
Tusser.
2. A worthless woman; a hussy.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. [See Hussy a bag.] A case
for sewing materials. See Housewife.
Cowper.
Hus"wife, v. t. To manage with
frugality; -- said of a woman.
Dryden.
Hus"wife*ly, a. Like a huswife; capable;
economical; prudent. -- adv. In a
huswifely manner.
Hus"wife*ry (?), n. The
business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill.
Tusser.
Hut (?), n. [OE.
hotte; akin to D. hut, G.
h\'81tte, OHG. hutta, Dan.
hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte,
of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to conceal. See
Hude to conceal.] A small house, hivel, or
cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary
structure.
Death comes on with equal footsteps
To the hall and hut
.
Bp. Coxe.
Hutch (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Hutted (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.] To
place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in
winter quarters.
The troops hutted among the heights of
Morristown.
W. Irving.
Hutch (?), n. [OE.
hucche, huche, hoche, F.
huche, LL. hutica.] 1.
A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which
things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain
hutch; a rabbit hutch.
2. A measure of two Winchester bushels.
3. (Mining) The case of a flour
bolt.
4. (Mining) (a) A car on low
wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the
pit. (b) A jig for washing ore.
Bolting hutch, Booby
hutch, etc. See under Bolting,
etc.
Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hutched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hutching.] 1. To
hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] \'bdShe
hutched the . . . ore.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Mining) To wash (ore) in a box or
jig.
Hutch`un*so"ni*an (?), n. A
follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire, England, who
believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system
of natural science and of theology.
Hut*to"ni*an (?), a. Relating
to what is now called the Plutonic theory of the
earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton.
Lyell.
Hux"ter (?), n. & v. i. See
Huckster.
Huy*ghe"ni*an (?), a.
Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian
Huyghens, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth
century; as, the Huyghenian telescope.
Huyghenian eyepieceSee under
Eyepiece.
Huzz (?), v. i. [An
onomatop\'d2a. Buzz.] To buzz;
to murmur. [Obs.]
Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear.
Latimer.
Huz*za" (?), interj. [Cf. G.
hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza.
Hurrah.] A word used as a shout
of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.
Huz"za, n. A shout of huzza;
a cheer; a hurrah.
They made a great huzza or shout.
Evelyn.
Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Huzzaed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Huzzaing.] To shout huzza; to
cheer.
Huz*za", v. t. To receive or attend with
huzzas.
He was huzzaed into the court.
Addison.
Hy (?), a. High.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hy"a*cine (?), n. A
hyacinth. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Hy"a*cinth (?), n. [L.
hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris,
gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire;
as, a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian
youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. /, /: cf. F.
hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was
fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus,
who was accidentally slain by Apollo.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus
Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant
flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety.
(b) A plant of the genus Camassia
(C. Farseri), called also Eastern
camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name
also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant,
one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers;
-- called also, from a mistake as to its origin,
Hyacinth of Peru.
2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon,
sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon.
Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing
leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the
true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.
Hy`a*cin"thi*an (?), a.
Hyacinthine. [R.]
Hy`a*cin"thine (?), a. [L.
hyacinthinus, Gr. /.] Belonging to the
hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color like the
hyacinth.
Milton.
His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers.
Cowper.
The hyacinthine boy, for whom
Morn well might break and April bloom.
Emerson.
{ Hy"a*des (?), Hy"ads
(?), } n.pl. [L.
Hyades, Gr. /.] (Astron.) A
cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus,
supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather
when they rose with the sun.
Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyaned
Vext the dim sea.
Tennyson.
Hy*\'91"na (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Hyena.
\'d8Hy*a"le*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / glassy, fr. / glass.] (Zo\'94l.)
A pteroid of the genus Cavolina. See
Pteropoda, and Illustration in
Appendix.
Hy`a*les"cence (?), n. [See
Hyaline.] The process of becoming, or the
state of being, transparent like glass.
Hy"a*line (?), a. [L.
hyalinus, Gr. /, fr. / glass: cf. F.
hyalin.] Glassy; resembling glass;
consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal.
\'bdHyaline spaces.\'b8
Carpenter.
Hy"a*line, n. 1. A poetic term
for the sea or the atmosphere. \'bdThe clear
hyaline, the glassy sea.\'b8
Milton.
Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline.
Mrs. Browning.
2. (Biol.) The pellucid substance,
present in cells in process of development, from which, according
to some embryologists, the cell nucleous originates.
3. (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent
of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by
decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of
alcoholic fermentation.
Gamgee.
Hy"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. /
glass: cf. F. hyalite.] (Min.) A
pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum
or resin; -- called also M\'81ller's
glass.
Hy*al"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. /
glass + graph.] An instrument for tracing
designs on glass.
Hy`a*log"ra*phy (?), n. Art of
writing or engraving on glass.
Hy"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. /
glassy, transparent; / glass + / appearance: cf. F.
hyalo\'8bde.] (Anat.) Resembling
glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the
hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the
vitreous humor of the eye.
\'d8Hy`a*lo*ne"ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / glass + / a thread.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem
composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres
twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the
Japanese species (H. Sieboldii), called
glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament.
See Glass-rope.
Hy*al"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. /
glass + / to appear.] (Min.) A species of
the feldspar group containing barium. See
Feldspar.
\'d8Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / glass + / a sponge.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of vitreous sponges, having
glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also
Hexactinellin\'91.
Hy*al"o*type (?), n. [Gr. /
glass + -type.] A photographic picture
copied from the negative on glass; a photographic
transparency.
R. Hunt.
{ Hy*ber"na*cle (?), Hy"ber*nate
(?), Hy`ber*na"tion (?).
}See Hibernacle, Hibernate,
Hibernation.
Hy*bl\'91"an (?), a. [L.
Hyblaeus.] Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient
town of Sicily, famous for its bees.
Hyb"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. /
hump + /, /, a tooth.] (Paleon.) Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks
(Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which
consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral
ones.
\'d8Hyb"o*dus (?), n. [NL. See
Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct
genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.
Hy"brid (?), n. [L.
hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. /
wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to
Gr. / over, E. over: cf. F.
hybride.] (Biol.) The offspring
of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced
from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.
Hy"brid, a. Produced from the mixture of
two species; as, plants of hybrid nature.
Hy"brid*ism (?), n. The state
or quality of being hybrid.
Hy"brid*ist, n. One who
hybridizes.
Hy*brid"i*ty (?), n.
Hybridism.
Hy"brid*i`za*ble (?), a.
Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a
hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with
another species or stock.
Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally
supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon,
under circumstances most favorable to the production of
hybrids.
J. D. Hooker.
Hy`brid*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.
Hy"brid*i`ze (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hybridized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hybridizing
(?).] To render hybrid; to produce by
mixture of stocks.
Hy"brid*i`zer (?), n. One who
hybridizes.
Hy"brid*ous (?), a. Same as
Hybrid.
Hyd"age (?), n. (Law)
A land tax. See Hidage.
Hy`dan*to"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from,
hydantoin. See Glycoluric.
Hy*dan"to*in (?), n.
[Hydrogen + allantion.]
(Chem.) A derivative of urea,
C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a white,
crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also
glycolyl urea.
Hy"da*tid (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a watery vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr.
"y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F.
hydatide.] (Zo\'94l.) A
membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in
various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the
tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval
tapeworms, as Echinococcus and C\'d2nurus. See these words in the
Vocabulary.
Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of
the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the
head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the
M\'81llerian duct.
Hy*dat"i*form (?), a.
[Hydatid + -form.]
Resembling a hydatid.
Hy"da*toid (?), a. [Gr.
"y`dwr, "y`datos, water +
-oid.] (Anat.) Resembling water;
watery; aqueous; hyaloid.
Hy"dr- (?). See under
Hydro-.
Hy"dra (?), n.; pl. E.
Hydras (#), L. Hydr\'91
(#). [L. hydra, Gr.
"y`dra; akin to "y`dwr water. See
Otter the animal, Water.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) A serpent or monster in the lake
or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having
many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded
by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by
Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.
Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire.
Milton.
2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having
many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Any small fresh-water
hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found attached to
sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.
hydras.
4. (Astron.) A southern constellation of
great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.
Hy*drach"nid (?), n.
[Hydr- + arachnid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An aquatic mite of the genus
Hydrachna. The hydrachids, while young, are parasitic
on fresh-water mussels.
Hy*drac"id (?), n.
[Hydr- + acid: cf. F.
hydracide.] (Chem.) An acid
containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids
like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no
oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See
Acid.
Hy`dra*cryl"ic (?), a.
[Hydr- + acrylic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
isomeric variety of lastic acid that breaks down into acrylic
acid and water.
Hy`drac*tin"i*an (?), n. [See
Hydra, and Actinia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species or marine hydroids, of the
genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These hydroids
form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells
and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs.
See Illust. of Athecata.
<-- p. 716 -->
\'d8Hy*dr\'91"mi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + / blood.]
(Med.) An abnormally watery state of the blood;
an\'91mia.
Hy"dra*gogue (?), a. [L.
hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. /;
"y`dwr water + / to lead: cf. F.
hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a
discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the
body, as in dropsy. -- n. A
hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or
diuretic.
Hy*dram"ide (?), n.
[Hydr- + -amide.]
(Chem.) One of a group of crystalline bodies
produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.
Hy*dram"ine (?), n.
[Hydroxyl + amine.]
(Chem.) One of a series of artificial, organic
bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of
ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of
alcohol and amines.
Hy*dran"ge*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. "y`dwr water + / vessel, capsule: cf. F.
hydrang\'82e.] (Bot.) A genus of
shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy
flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis,
the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.
Hy"drant (?), n. [Gr. / to
irrigate, fr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.]
A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may
be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.
Hy"dranth (?), n.
[Hydra + Gr. / a flower.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the nutritive zooids of a
hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a
hydroid medusa. See Illust. of
Hydroidea.
Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride (?), n.
[Hydrargyrum + chloride.]
(Chem.) A compound of the bichloride of mercury
with another chloride. [Obs.]
Hy*drar"gy*rate (?), a. Of or
pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with,
mercury. [R.]
Hy*drar"gy*rism (?), n.
(Med.) A diseased condition produced by poisoning
with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.
Hy*drar"gy*rum (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. /; / water + /
silver.] (Chem.) Quicksilver;
mercury.
\'d8Hy`drar*thro"sis (?), n.
[NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.]
(Med.) An effusion of watery liquid into the
cavity of a joint.
Hy*dras"tine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of
the golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted
as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic
and febrifuge.
Hy"dra-taint`ed (?), a. Dipped
in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly.
Cowper.
Hy"drate (?), n. [Gr.
"y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.]
(Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the
union of water with some other substance, generally forming a
neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b)
A substance which does not contain water as such, but has
its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that
water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound
with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or
common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked
lime.
Hy"drate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hydrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating
(?).] To form into a hydrate; to
combine with water.
Hy"dra*ted (?), a. Formed into
a hydrate; combined with water.
Hy*dra"tion (?), n.
(Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a
hydrate.
Water of hydration (Chem.), water
chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; --
distinguished from water of crystallization.
Hy*drau"lic (?), a. [F.
hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. /,
/, a water organ; "y`dwr water + / flute, pipe.
See Hydra.] Of or pertaining to hydraulics,
or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as,
an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock.
Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for
hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator,
2. -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See
Cataract, 3. -- Hydraulic cement, a
cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under
water. -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated
by the weight or pressure of water. -- Hydraulic
jack. See under Jack. -- Hydraulic
lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and
used for cementing under water, etc. -- Hydraulic
limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and
which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong
mass, under water. -- Hydraulic main (Gas
Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the
bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for
passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. --
Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the
force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of
gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast]
-- Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press.
See under Hydrostatic. -- Hydraulic
propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a
stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship.
-- Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by
means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to
be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe
d shuts the valve at a, the
momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it
into the air chamber b, and up the pipe
c, its return being prevented by a valve at the
entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve
a by its own weight allows another rush through
the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Hydraulic
valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for
regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of
hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas
Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into
water, for opening or closing communication between two gas
mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.
Hy*drau"lic*al (?), a.
Hydraulic.
Hy*drau"li*con (?), n. [NL. See
Hydraulic.] (Mus.) An ancient
musical instrument played by the action of water; a water
organ. [Written also hydraulis.]
Hy*drau"lics (?), n. [Cf. F.
hydraulique.] That branch of science, or of
engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of
water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery
for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the
like.
Hy"dra*zine (?), n.
[Hydr- + azo- +
-ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a
series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced
by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as,
methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc.
They are derivatives of hydrazine proper,
H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group,
recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a
peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts.
Called also diamide,
amidogen, (or more properly
diamidogen), etc.
Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid (?), a.
[Hydrencephalus + -oid.]
(Med.) Same as Hydrocephaloid.
\'d8Hy"dri*a (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Gr. Antiq.) A water jar; esp.,
one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles.
Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.
Hy"dri*ad (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, of the water, fr. "y`dwr water.]
(Myth.) A water nymph.
Hy"dric (?), a. [From
Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric
oxide.
Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See
Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. --
Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. --
Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen
sulphate or sulphuric acid.
Hy"dride (?), n.
[Hydr- + ide.]
(Chem.) A compound of the binary type, in which
hydrogen is united with some other element.<-- spec., with
a more electropositive element -->
<-- lithium hydride. A hydride of lithium, LiH, commonly used as
a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry -->
Hy"dri*form (?), a.
[Hydra + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the form or structure of a
hydra.
\'d8Hy*dri"na (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Hydra.] (Zo\'94l.) The group
of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.
Hy*dri"o*date (?), n. [Cf. F.
hydriodate.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Hydriodide.
Hy`dri*od"ic (?), a.
[Hydr- + iodic: cf. F.
hydriodique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid
produced by the combination of these elements.
Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent,
colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a
solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also
hydrogen iodine.
Hy*dri"o*dide (?), n.
(Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base;
-- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the
iodine combines with the base.
{ Hy"dro- (?), Hy"dr-. }
1. A combining form from Gr. /, /, water (see
Hydra).
2. (Chem.) A combining form of
hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an
ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a
reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as
hydroquinone.
Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + barometer.] An
instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its
pressure.
Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from bilirubin,
identical with urobilin.
\'d8Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + / gills.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial division of
gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as
contrasted with the Pulmonifera. --
Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate (#),
a.
Hy`dro*bro"mate (?), n.
(Chem.) Same as Hydrobromide.
Hy`dro*bro"mic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + bromic.]
(Chem.) Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as,
hydrobromic acid.
Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a
colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually
collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid,
but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen
bromide.
Hy`dro*bro"mide (?), n.
(Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a
base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only
the bromine unites with the base.<-- analogous to
hydrochloride or hydriodide -->
Hy`dro*car"bon (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + carbon.]
(Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and
carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of
their derivatives.
Hydrocarbon burner, furnace,
stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with
which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.
Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous (?), a.
Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.
Hy`dro*car"bon*ate (?), n.
(a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon.
[Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A
hydrous carbonate, as malachite.
Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.]
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous
hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain
derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and
carbostyril.
Hy`dro*car"bu*ret (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + carburet.]
(Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also, a
hydrocarbon. [Obs.]
Hy`dro*cau"lus (?), n.; pl.
Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
"y`dwr water + / a stalk.]
(Zo\'94l.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either
simple or branched. See Illust. of
Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.
Hy`dro*cele (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /; "y`dwr water + / tumor.]
(Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the
areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in
the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord;
dropsy of the testicle.
Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic (?), a.
Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of
the brain.
Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid (?), a.
[Hydrocephalus + -oid.]
(Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus.
Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.),
the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in
young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or
tubercular meningitis.
Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous (?), a.
Having hydrocephalus. \'bdHydrocephalous
offspring.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / hydrocephalus; "y`dwr water + /
head.] (Med.) An accumulation of liquid
within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the
ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually
to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often
enlarges the head enormously.
Hy`dro*chlo"rate (?), n.
(Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride.
Hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + hloric: cf. F.
hydrochlorique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas;
as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.
Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen
chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of
pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the
soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It
has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a
strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is
an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work.
Called also muriatic, .
Hy`dro*chlo"ride (?), n.
(Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a
base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only
chlorine unites with the base.
\'d8Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Hydra, and Coral.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea, including
those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora
and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project
from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other
hydroids. See Millepora.
Hy`dro*cy"a*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) See Hydrocyanide.
Hy`dro*cy*an"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F.
hydrocyanique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen
and cyanogen.
Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a
colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having
a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly
poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow
prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically
resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also
prussic acid, hydrogen
cyanide, etc.
Hy`dro*cy"a*nide (?), n.
(Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a
base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only
the cyanogen so combines.
{ Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (?),
Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al (?), } a.
[Hydro-, 1 + dynamic,
-ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.]
Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of
water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.
Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by
the viscosity of a liquid in motion.
Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F.
hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science
of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited,
which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic
fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation
and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water
and other fluids.
Hydraulics.
Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.]
An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by
the force of its impact.
Hy`dro-e*lec"tric (?), a.
[Hydro-, 1 + electric.]
Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of
electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is
used.
Hydro-electric machine (Physics),
an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for
generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from
a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the
steam is produced.
Hy`dro-ex*tract"or (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + extractor.] An
apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by
centrifugal force; a centrifugal.
Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained
from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as,
hydroferricyanic acid. See
Ferricyanic.
Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained
from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as,
hydroferrocyanic acid. See
Ferrocyanic.
Hy`dro*flu"ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid
and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]
Hy`dro*flu*or"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen
and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric
acid.
Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a
colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very
corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent,
suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid
on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It
attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent
employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of
platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.
<-- p. 717 -->
Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a
silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.
Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + fluorine +
silicic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of
hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See
Silicofluoric.
Hy`dro*gal*van"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 1 + galvanic.]
Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity
evolved by the action or use of fluids; as,
hydrogalvanic currents. [R.]
Hy"dro*gen (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F.
hydrog\'8ane. So called because water is generated by
its combustion. See Hydra.]
(Chem.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless,
and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a
half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons),
and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very
abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other
substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It
may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the
action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It
is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water
gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights,
and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic
weight 1.<-- At. wt. = 1.008 using carbon as 12.000 -->
hydrogenium. It is the
typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen,
chlorine, etc.
Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for
ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See
under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide,
a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling
water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of
acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen,
and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and
bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated
water.<-- usually "hydrogen peroxide", or "peroxide" in
weak solutions used as an antiseptic--> -- Hydrogen
oxide, a chemical name for water, H/O. --
Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas,
H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs,
and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action
of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical
reagent. Called also sulphureted
hydrogen.
Hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenating
(?).] (Chem.) To
hydrogenize.
Hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n.
(Chem.) The act of combining with hydrogen, or
the state of being so combined.
Hy"dro*gen*ide (?), n.
(Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a
hydride. [R.] See Hydride.
Hy`dro*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL.
See Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Hydrogen;
-- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature.
Graham.
Hy"dro*gen*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenizing
(?).] (Chem.) To combine
with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of,
hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.
Hy*drog"e*nous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.
Hy*drog"no*sy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / knowledge.] A
treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the
earth.
Hy"drog*ode (?), n.
[Hydrogen + Gr. / way. path.]
(Elec.) The negative pole or cathode.
[R.]
Hy*drog"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or
charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent
shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.
Boyle.
{ Hy`dro*graph"ic (?),
Hy`dro*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or relating to hydrography.
Hy*drog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F.
hydrographie.] 1. The art of
measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other
waters, with their phenomena.
2. That branch of surveying which embraces the
determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other
sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels
and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these
particulars.
Hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [From
Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A
hydride. [Obs.]
Hy"droid (?), a.
[Hydra + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Related to, or resembling, the hydra;
of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n.
One of the Hydroideas.
\'d8Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. [NL. See
Hydra, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acaleph\'91.
[Written also Hydroida.]
Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa,
Gonosome, Gonotheca.
Hy`dro*ki*net"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 1 + kinetic.] Of
or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which
produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to
hydrostatic.
Sir W. Thomson.
Hy`dro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hydrology.
Hy*drol"o*gist (?), n. One
skilled in hydrology.
Hy*drol"o*gy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F.
hydrologie.] The science of water, its
properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's
surface.
Hy`dro*lyt"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / to loose.]
(Chem.) Tending to remove or separate water;
eliminating water.
Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or
caustic alkali.
Encyc. Brit.
Hydrolitic ferment (Physiol. Chem.),
a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in
the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon
to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin
of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch
by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive
ferments are hydrolytic in their action.<-- = hydrolase
(after 1910) -->
Hy`dro*mag"ne*site (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.]
(Min.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring
in white, early, amorphous masses.
Hy"dro*man`cy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F.
hydromancie.] Divination by means of water,
-- practiced by the ancients.
Hy`dro*man"tic (?), a. [Cf. F.
hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to
divination by water.
Hy`dro*me*chan"ics (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + mechanics.]
That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of
liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.
\'d8Hy`dro*me*du"sa (?), n.;
pl. Hydromedus\'91 (#). [NL.
See Hydra, and Medusa.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is
produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also
Craspedota, and naked-eyed
medus\'91.
Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.
Hy"dro*mel (?), n. [L.
hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. /; / water +
/ honey: cf. F. hydromel.] A liquor
consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation
called mead.
Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic (?), a. See
Cyamellone.
Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of
liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores. --
Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly,
adv.
Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + metallurgy.]
The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of
liquid reagents.
Hy`dro*me"te*or (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A
meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of
water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole
aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail,
etc.
Nichol.
Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds,
storms, etc.
Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.]
That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of,
water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow,
hail, storms, etc.
Hy*drom"e*ter (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F.
hydrom\'8atre.] 1. (Physics)
An instrument for determining the specific gravities of
liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline
solutions, etc.
2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for
measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from
reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according
to its construction or use, as tachometer,
rheometer, hydrometer,
pendulum, etc.; a current gauge.
{ Hy`dro*met"ric (?),
Hy`dro*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. hydrom\'8atrique.] 1.
Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination
of the specific gravity of fluids.
2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity,
discharge, etc., of running water.
3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as,
hydrometric observations.
Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer
consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a
treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a
stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination
given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.
Hy`dro*met"ro*graph (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / measure +
-graph.] An instrument for determining and
recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice,
etc., in a given time.
Hy*drom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
hydrom\'8atrique.] 1. The art of
determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the
strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.
2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity
or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.
Hy`dro*mi"ca (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + mica.]
(Min.) A variety of potash mica containing water.
It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.
Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica
schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a
silky luster and almost soapy feel.
\'d8Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis (?), n.
[NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + / a kidney.]
(Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of
the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary
passages.
Hy"dro*path (?), n. [Cf. F.
hydropathe.] A hydropathist.
{ Hy`dro*path"ic (?),
Hy`dro*path"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to hydropathy.
Hy*drop"a*thist (?), n. One who
practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.
Hy*drop"a*thy (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. /, /, to suffer.]
The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious
and frequent use of pure water, both internally and
externally.
\'d8Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n.
[NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.]
(Med.) Same as Ascites.
Hy"dro*phane (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / to show, appear: cf. F.
hydrophane.] (Min.) A
semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or
transparent on immersion in water.
Hy*droph"a*nous (?), a.
(Min.) Made transparent by immersion in
water.
Hy"dro*phid (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / a small serpent.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any sea snake of the genus
Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are
venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for
swimming.
Hy`dro*phlo"rone (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.]
(Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative,
C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of
phlorone.
Hy`dro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /; "y`dwr water + / fear: cf. F.
hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a)
An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine
madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a
bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature,
of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and
construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition,
and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing
convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is
disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies;
canine madness. [Written also
hydrophoby.]
Hy`dro*phob"ic (?), a. [L.
hydrophobicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to
hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as,
hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic
poison.
Hy"dro*pho`by (?), n. See
Hydrophobia.
\'d8Hy*droph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. / to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Hydroidea.
Hy"dro*phore (?), n. [Gr.
"y`dwr water + / to bear.] An instrument
used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any
desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.
\'d8Hy`dro*phyl"li*um (?), n.;
pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E.
Hydrophylliums (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
"y`dwr water + / a leaf.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the flat, leaflike, protective
zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.
Hy"dro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. / +
/ plant: cf. F. hydrophyte.] An aquatic
plant; an alga.
Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Hydro- + phyte +
-logy.] The branch of botany which treats
of water plants.
{ Hy*drop"ic (?), Hy*drop"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
hydropicus, Gr. /: cf. F. hydropique. See
Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling
dropsy.
Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the
more we drink the more we shall thirst.
Tillotson.
Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hydropical
manner.
\'d8Hy"dro*pi`per (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a
pepper.] (Bot.) A species (Polygonum
Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper;
smartweed.
Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 1 + pneumatic: cf. F.
hydropneumatique.] Pertaining to, or
depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as,
hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water
or other liquids.
Hy"drop`sy (?), n. Same as
Dropsy.
Hy"dro*pult (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / to hurl.] A
machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a
fire extinguisher, etc.
Hy`dro*qui"none (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + quinone.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline substance,
C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone.
It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with,
pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy
benzene.
\'d8Hy`dro*rhi"za (?), n.; pl.
L. Hydrorhiz\'91 (#), E.
Hydrorhizas (#). [NL., fr. E.
hydra + Gr. / a root.] (Zo\'94l.)
The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is
attached to other objects. See Illust. under
Hydroidea.
Hy"dro*salt` (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + salt.]
(Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to be formed
by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid
salt. [R.] (c) A hydrous salt; a
salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.
<-- p. 718 -->
Hy"dro*scope (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + -scope.]
1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of
water, especially in air.
Weale.
2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for
measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of
a graduated tube.
{ Hy"dro*some (?),
\'d8Hy`dro*so"ma (?) }, n.
[NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and
-some body.] (Zo\'94l.) All the
zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive
and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.
Hy`dro*sor"bic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as,
hydrosorbic acid.
Hy"dro*stat (?), n. A
contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam
boilers.
{ Hy`dro*stat"ic (?),
Hy`dro*stat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / causing to stand: cf. F.
hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or
relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with,
the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.
The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the
time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus.
Hallam.
Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing
substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their
specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic bed, a
water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an
apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a
long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate
the hydrostatic paradox. -- Hydrostatic paradox,
the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water,
however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however
great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all
directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine
in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a
large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which
it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power
is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the
hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic
press, and Bramah press. In the
illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger
b, which forces the water into the cylinder
c, thus driving upward the large plunder
d, which performs the reduced work, such as
compressing cotton bales, etc.
Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to
hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles.
Bentley.
Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian (?), n. One
who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]
Hy`dro*stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F.
hydrostatique.] (Physics) The
branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium
of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of
statics applied to water and other liquids.
Hy`dro*sul"phate (?), n.
(Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent.
Hy`dro*sul"phide (?), n.
(Chem.) One of a series of compounds, derived
from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by
a base or basic radical; as, potassium
hydrosulphide, KSH. The
hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the
mercaptans.
Hy`dro*sul"phite (?), n.
(Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid
and a base. [R.]
Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret (?), n.
(Chem.) A hydrosulphide.
[Archaic]
Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a.
(Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.
Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen
and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuricacid, a designation
applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.
Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See
Hyposulphurous acid, under
Hyposulphurous.
Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt formed by the union of
hydrotelluric acid and the base.
Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + telluric.]
(Chem.) Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as,
hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.
\'d8Hy`dro*the"ca (?), n.; pl.
L. Hydrothec\'91 (#), E.
Hydrothecas (#). [NL., fr. E.
hydra + Gr. / a box.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora),
protect the hydrants. See Illust. of
Hydroidea, and Campanularian.
Hy`dro*ther"a*py (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + therapy.]
(Med.) See Hydropathy.
Hy`dro*ther"mal (?), a.
[Hydro-, 1 + thermal.] Of
or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the
action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and
otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the
globe.
Hy`dro*tho"rax (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + thorax.]
(Med.) An accumulation of serous fluid in the
cavity of the chest.
Hy*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr.
"y`dwr water: cf. Gr. / moisture, F.
hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water
or phlegm. -- n. (Med.) A
hydrotic medicine.
Hy*drot"ic*al (?), a.
Hydrotic.
Hy"dro*trope (?), n.
[Hydro-, 1 + Gr. / to turn, direct.]
A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a
pulsometer.
Hy`dro*trop"ic (?), a. [See
Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or
bending towards moisture, as roots.
Hy*drot"ro*pism (?), n.
(Bot.) A tendency towards moisture.
Hy"drous (?), a. [Gr.
"y`dwr water.] 1. Containing
water; watery.
2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration
or crystallization.
Hy`dro*xan"thane (?), n.
(Chem.) A persulphocyanate.
[Obs.]
Hy`dro*xan"thic (?), a.
[Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.]
(Chem.) Persulphocyanic.
Hy*drox"ide (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + oxide.]
(Chem.) A hydrate; a substance containing
hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and
yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as
compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or
radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl
hydroxide.
Hy*drox"y- (?). (Chem.) A
combining form, also used adjectively, indicating
hydroxyl as an ingredient.
Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical)
an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an
alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and
tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.
Hy*drox"yl (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2 + oxygen +
-yl.] (Chem.) A compound
radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of
one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic
part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.
Hy*drox`yl*am"ine (?), n.
[Hydroxyl + amine.]
(Chem.) A nitrogenous, organic base,
NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a
modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a
volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong
reducing agent.
\'d8Hy`dro*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. / an animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Acaleph\'91; one of the classes of
c\'d2lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and
Siphonophora.
Hy`dro*zo"al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Hydrozoa.
\'d8Hy`dro*zo"\'94n (?), n.;
pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E.
Hydrozo\'94ns (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Hydrozoa.
Hy"dru*ret (?), n.
[Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A
binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]
\'d8Hy"drus (?), n. [L., a
water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr.
"y`dros.] (Astron.) A
constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south
pole.
Hye (?), n. & v. See
Hie. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hy*e"mal (?), a. [L.
hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr.
hyems, hiems, winter: cf. F.
hy\'82mal.] Belonging to winter; done in
winter.
Sir T. Browne.
Hy"e*mate (?), v. i. [L.
hiemare, hiematum. See
Hyemal.] To pass the winter.
[Obs. & R.]
Hy`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
hiematio.] 1. The passing of a
winter in a particular place; a wintering.
2. The act of affording shelter in winter.
[Obs.]
Hy"en (?), n. [F.
hy\'8ane.] A hyena.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Hy*e"na (?), n.; pl.
Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena,
Gr. /, orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob.,
the hyena, fr. / hog: cf. F. hy\'8ane. See
Sow female hog.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
carnivorous mammal of the family Hy\'91nid\'91, of
which three living species are known. They are large and strong,
but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in
their habits. [Written also
hy\'91na.]
Hy\'91na striata)
inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown
hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena
(Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The
extinct cave hyena (H. spel\'91a) inhabited England
and France.
Cave hyena. See under Cave. --
Hyena dog (Zo\'94l.), a South African
canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in
packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with
very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or
yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also
hunting dog.
Hy"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. / rain,
from / to rain.] Of or pertaining to rain;
descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy
regions.
Hy"e*to*graph (?), n. [Gr. /
rain + -graph.] A chart or graphic
representation of the average distribution of rain over the
surface of the earth.
Hy`e*to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to to hyetography.
Hy`e*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The
branch of physical science which treats of the geographical
distribution of rain.
Hy*ge"ia (?), n. [L.
Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. /, /, health,
/, Hygeia, fr. / sound, healthy.] (Classic
Myth.) The goddess of health, daughter of
Esculapius.
Hy*ge"ian (?), a. Relating to
Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its
preservation.
Hy"ge*ist (?), n. One skilled
in hygiena; a hygienist.
Hy"gie*ist (?), n. A
hygienist.
Hy"gi*ene (?), n. [F.
hygi\'8ane. See Hygeia.] That
department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation
of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of
principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.
Hy`gi*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
hygi\'82nique.] Of or pertaining to health
or hygiene; sanitary.
Hy`gi*en"ics, n. The science of health;
hygiene.
Hy"gi*en*ism (?), n.
Hygiene.
Hy"gi*en*ist, n. One versed in
hygiene.
Hy`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
health + -logy.] A treatise on, or the
science of, the preservation of health. [R.]
Hy"grine (?), n. [From Gr. /
moist.] (Chem.) An alkaloid associated with
cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and
extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and
odor.
Hy"gro*deik (?), n. [Gr. /
wet, moist, and / to show.] (Physics) A
form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an
adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in
the air, etc.
Hy"gro*graph (?), n. [Gr. /
wet + -graph.] (Physics) An
instrument for recording automatically the variations of the
humidity of the atmosphere.
Hy*grol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
wet + -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.]
(Med.) The science which treats of the fluids of
the body.
Hy*grom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
wet, moist + -meter: cf. F.
hygrom\'8atre.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the
atmosphere.
Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer
consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one
covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing
ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the
black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is
soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer
gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one
in the air, determines the humidity.
{ Hy`gro*met"ric (?),
Hy`gro*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. hygrom\'82trique.] 1.
Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to,
the hygrometer; as, hygrometric
observations.
2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture;
as, hygrometric substances, like potash.
Hy*grom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
hygrom\'82trie.] (Physics) That
branch of physics which relates to the determination of the
humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the
theory and use of the instruments constructed for this
purpose.
Hy*groph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr.
/ wet + / to show.] Having such a structure as to
be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.
Hy`groph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr.
/ wet + E. ophthalmic.] (Anat.)
Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the
lachrymal ducts.
Hy"gro*plasm (?), n. [Gr. /
wet + / form, mold.] (Biol.) The fluid
portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to
stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The
latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of
idioplasm.
Hy"gro*scope (?), n. [Gr. /
wet + -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.]
(Physics) An instrument which shows whether there
is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating
its amount.
Hy`gro*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
hygroscopique.] 1. Of or
pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily
manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the
hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of
hygroscopic moisture.
2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture
from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film
of moisture, as glass, etc.
Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty (?), n.
(Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable
tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to
circumstances.
Hy`gro*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr.
/ wet + /. See Statics.] The science or
art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture.
Evelyn.
Hyke (?), n. See Haik,
and Huke.
{ Hy"l\'91*o*saur` (?),
\'d8Hy`l\'91*o*sau"rus (?), }
n. [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. /
belonging to a forest (fr. / wood) + / a lizard.]
(Paleon.) A large Wealden dinosaur from the
Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected
by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.
Hy*lar"chi*cal (?), a. [Gr. /
wood, matter + /: cf. F. hylarchique. See
Archical.] Presiding over matter.
[Obs.]
Hallywell.
Hy"le*o*saur" (?), n. Same as
Hyl\'91osaur.
Hyl"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining
to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic
influences.
Hy"li*cist (?), n. [Gr. /
adj., material, fr. / wood, matter.] A philosopher
who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches
hylism.
<-- p. 719 -->
Hy"lism (?), n. [Gr. / wood,
matter.] (Metaph.) A theory which regards
matter as the original principle of evil.
Hy"lo*bate (?), n. [Gr. / one
that walks or inhabits the woods: / a wood + / to go.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus
Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See
Gibbon.
\'d8Hy*lo"des (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / woody, wooded, muddy; / a wood + / form.]
(Zo\'94l.) The piping frog (Hyla
Pickeringii), a small American tree frog, which in early
spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high,
shrill, but musical, notes.
Hy"lo*ism (?), n. Same as
Hylotheism.
Hy"lo*ist, n. [Gr. / wood,
matter.] Same as Hylotheist.
Hy*lop"a*thism (?), n. [Gr. /
matter + /, /, to suffer.] The doctrine that
matter is sentient.
Krauth-Fleming.
Hy*lop"a*thist (?), n. One who
believes in hylopathism.
Hy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. /
wood + / to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating green
shoots, as certain insects do.
Hy"lo*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. /
wood, matter + / God.] The doctrine of belief that
matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the
universe; pantheism. See Materialism.
Hy"lo*the*ist, n. One who believes in
hylotheism.
Hy`lo*zo"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hylozoism.
Hy`lo*zo"ism (?), n. [Gr. /
wood, matter + / life, fr. / to live: cf. F.
hylozo\'8bsme.] The doctrine that matter
possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and
life are inseparable. [R.]
Cudworth.
Hy`lo*zo"ist, n. A believer in
hylozoism.
A. Tucker.
Hy*mar" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wild ass of Persia.
Hy"men (?), n. [Gr. / skin,
membrane.] (Anat.) A fold of muscous
membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal
membrane.
Hy"men, n. [L., fr. Gr. /.]
1. (Class Myth.) A fabulous deity;
according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to
others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and
presided over nuptial solemnities.
Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour,
There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower.
Campbell.
2. Marriage; union as if by marriage.
Hymen of element and race.
Emerson.
{ Hy`me*ne"al (?), Hy`me*ne"an
(?), } a. [L.
hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus,
n., Hymen, Gr. / the wedding song, also / Hymen:
cf. F. hym\'82n\'82al,
hym\'82n\'82en.] Of or pertaining to
marriage; as, hymeneal rites.
Pope.
{ Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, }
n. A marriage song.
Milton.
\'d8Hy*me"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L.
Hymenia (#), E. Hymeniums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a membrane.]
(Bot.) The spore-bearing surface of certain
fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.
Hy`me*nog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. /
a membrane + root of / to be born.] The production
of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and
fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin
film of the former.
\'d8Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a membrane + /, /, a mushroom.]
(Bot.) One of the great divisions of fungi,
containing those species in which the hymenium is completely
exposed.
M. J. Berkley.
Hy*men"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. /
a membrane + / to bear.] (Bot.) That part
of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.
Hy`me*nop"ter (?), n. [Cf. F.
hym\'82nopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Hymenoptera.
\'d8Hy`me*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / membrane-winged; / skin, membrane + /
wing.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of
insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies,
etc.
Aculeata), including
the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a
sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.
{ Hy`me*nop"ter*al (?),
Hy`me*nop"ter*ous (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or characteristic of, the
Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.
Hy`me*nop"ter*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Hymenoptera.
Hymn (?), n. [OE.
hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF.
also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. /; perh. akin
to / web, / to weave, and so to E. weave.]
An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a
religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving
intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric
hymns; Watts' hymns.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns.
Col. iii. 16.
Where angels first should practice hymns, and
string
Their tuneful harps.
Dryden.
Hymn book, a book containing a collection of
hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.
Hymn (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hymned (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning
(?).] [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr.
/.] To praise in song; to worship or extol by
singing hymns; to sing.
To hymn the bright of the Lord.
Keble.
Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than
mine.
Byron.
Hymn, v. i. To sing in praise or
adoration.
Milton.
Hym"nal (?), n. A collection of
hymns; a hymn book.
Hym"nic (?), a. [Cf. F.
hymnique.] Relating to hymns, or sacred
lyrics.
Donne.
Hymn"ing (?), a. Praising with
hymns; singing. \'bdThe hymning choir.\'b8
G. West.
Hymn"ing, n. The singing of hymns.
Milton.
Hym"nist (?), n. A writer of
hymns.
Hym"no*dy (?), n. [Gr. /; /
a hymn + / a song, a singing.] Hymns, considered
collectively; hymnology.
Hym*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1.
One who writes on the subject of hymns.
2. A writer or composed of hymns.
Hym*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. /
hymn + graphy.] The art or act of composing
hymns.
Hym*nol"o*gist (?), n. A
composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
Busby.
Hym*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
hymn + -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.]
1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors
of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology
of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of
hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as,
the Anglican hymnology.
2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.
Hymp"ne (?), n. A hymn.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hynd"reste (?), a. See
Hinderest. [Obs.]
Hyne (?), n. A servant. See
Hine. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Hy"o- (?). [See Hyod.]
A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting
connection with the hyoid bone or arch;
as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular,
hyomental, etc.
\'d8Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes, including
the gar pikes and bowfins. --
Hy`o*ga"noid (#),
a.
Hy`o*glos"sal (?), a.
[Hyo- + Gr. / tongue.] (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and
hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal
membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the
hyoglossus muscle.
\'d8Hy`o*glos"sus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. / tongue.]
(Anat.) A flat muscle on either side of the
tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.
Hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. / fr. the
letter / + / form: cf. F. hyo\'8bde.]
1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek
letter upsilon [
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bony
or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes
applied to the tongue itself.
Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of
cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the
tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid
bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the
tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.
Hy"oid, n. The hyoid bone.
{ Hy*oid"e*al (?), Hy*oid"e*an
(?), } a. Same as Hyoid,
a.
Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar (?), a.
[Hyo- + mandibular.]
(Anat.) Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and
the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular
bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the
lower jaw with the skull in fishes. --
n. The hyomandibular bone or
cartilage.
Hy`o*men"tal (?), a.
[Hyo- + mental of the chin.]
(Anat.) Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw,
pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the
hyomental region of the front of the neck.
Hy`o*pas"tron (?), n.
[Hyo- + plastron.]
(Zo\'94l.) The second lateral plate in the
plastron of turtles; -- called also
hyosternum.
Hy*os"cine (?), n. [See
Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid
found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in
henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid
substance.
Hy`os*cy"a*mine (?), n. [See
Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid
found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as
its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in
the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white
crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste.
Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very
poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like
belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia,
duboisine, etc.
\'d8Hy`os*cy"a*mus (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /; / a sow, hog + / a bean.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of poisonous plants of the
Nightshade family; henbane.
2. (Med.) The leaves of the black
henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and
pectorial troubles.
Hy`o*ster"nal (?), a.
[Hyo- + ternal.]
(Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and
the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the
hyosternal region of the neck. (b)
Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.
\'d8Hy`o*ster"num (?), n.
[Hyo- + sternum.]
(Anat.) See Hyoplastron.
Hy`o*styl"ic (?), a.
[Hyo- + Gr. / a pillar.]
(Anat.) Having the mandible suspended by the
hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes,
instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; --
said of the skull.
Hyp (?), n. An abbreviation of
hypochonaria; -- usually in plural.
[Colloq.]
Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps.
Swift.
Hyp, v. t. To make melancholy.
[Colloq.]
W. Irving.
{ Hy*p\'91"thral, Hy*pe"thral (?)
}, a. [L. hypaethrus in the open
air, uncovered, Gr. /; / under + / ether, the clear
sky.] (Arch.) Exposed to the air; wanting a
roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building.
Gwilt.
Hy*pal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, prop., interchange, exchange, fr, / to interchange;
/ under + / to change.] (Gram.) A
figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their
proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, \'bddare
classibus austros,\'b8 to give the winds to the fleets,
instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets
to the winds.
The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any
other writer, is much the gravest fault in language.
Landor.
\'d8Hy*pan"thi*um (?), n.; pl.
L. Hypanthia (#), E. Hypanthiums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / beneath + /
flower.] (Bot.) A fruit consisting in large
part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the
alycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.
\'d8Hy`pa*poph"y*sis (?), n.;
pl. Hypapophyles (#). [NL.
See Hypo-, and Apophysis.]
(Anat.) A process, or other element, of a
vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as
h\'91mal spines, and chevron bones. --
Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al (#),
a.
Hy`par*te"ri*al (?), a.
[Hypo- + arterial.]
(Anat.) Situated below an artery; applied esp. to
the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the
pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.
Hy*pas"pist (?), n. [Gr.
/.] (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or
armor-bearer.
Mitford.
Hy*pax"i*al (?), a.
[Hypo- + axial.]
(Anat.) Beneath the axis of the skeleton;
subvertebral; hyposkeletal.
Hy"per- (?). [Gr. / over, above; akin to
L. super, E. over. See Over, and
cf. Super-.] 1. A prefix signifying
over, above; as,
hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also,
above measure, abnormally great,
excessive; as, hyper\'91mia,
hyperbola, hypercritical,
hypersecretion.
2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to
super- or per-; as hyperoxide,
or peroxide. [Obs.] See
Per-.
\'d8Hy`per*\'91"mi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / over + / blood.] (Med.)
A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part
of the body.
Active hyper\'91mia, cognestion d%ue to
increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive
hyper\'91mia, interchange due to obstruction in the
return of blood from a part.
-- Hy`per*\'91"mic (#),
a.
\'d8Hy`per*\'91s*the"si*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / over + / sense, perception.]
(Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly
increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. --
Hy`per*\'91s*thet"ic (#),
a.
\'d8Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis (?), n.;
pl. Hyperapophyses (#). [NL.
See Hyper-, and Apophysis.]
(Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process
on the dorsal side of a vertebra. --
Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al (#),
a.
Hy`per*as"pist (?), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to cover with a shield; / over + /
shield.] One who holds a shield over another; hence, a
defender. [Obs.]
Chillingworth.
Hy`per*bat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.
\'d8Hy*per"ba*ton (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / transposed, fr. / to step over; / over +
/ to step.] (Gram.) A figurative
construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or
clauses; as, \'bdechoed the hills\'b8 for \'bdthe hills
echoed.\'b8
With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the
text.
Milton.
Hy*per"bo*la (?), n. [Gr. /,
prop., an overshooting, excess, i. e., of the angle
which the cutting plane makes with the base. See
Hyperbole.] (Geom.) A curve formed
by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater
angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a
plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any
point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal
to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be
produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be
formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as
branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of
Conic section, and Focus.
Hy*per"bo*le (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr/, prop., an overshooting, excess, fr. Gr. / to throw over
or beyond; / over + / to throw. See Hyper-,
Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.]
(Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the
expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to
be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater
or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement
exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.
Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them
extravagant hyperboles.
Blair.
Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the
hyperbole, that it lies without deceiving.
Macaulay.
{ Hy`per*bol"ic (?),
Hy`per*bol"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. hyperbolicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
hyperbolique.] 1. (Math.)
Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the
hyperbola.
2. (Rhet.) Relating to, containing, or
of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond
the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical
expression. \'bdThis hyperbolical
epitaph.\'b8
Fuller.
Hyperbolic functions (Math.),
certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola
corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have
to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines,
hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic
logarithm. See Logarithm. --
Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral
curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to
the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by
the radius vector.
<-- p. 720 -->
Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
1. (Math.) In the form of an
hyperbola.
2. (Rhet.) With exaggeration; in a
manner to express more or less than the truth.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Hy`per*bol"i*form (?), a.
[Hyperbola + -form.] Having
the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.
Hy*per"bo*lism (?), n. [Cf. F.
hyperbolisme.] The use of hyperbole.
Jefferson.
Hy*per"bo*list (?), n. One who
uses hyperboles.
Hy*per"bo*lize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
hyperboliser.] To speak or write with
exaggeration.
Bp. Montagu.
Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t. To state or
represent hyperbolically.
Fotherby.
Hy*per"bo*loid (?), n.
[Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F.
hyperbolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A
surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in
hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a
surface.
Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid
described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The
surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is
the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is
the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.
Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.)
Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or
hyperbola.
Hy`per*bo"re*an (?), a. [L.
hyperboreus, Gr. /; / over, beyond + /. See
Boreas.] 1. (Greek Myth.)
Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to
its inhabitants.
2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region
in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright,
as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere.
The hyperborean or frozen sea.
C. Butler (1633).
Hy`per*bo"re*an, n. 1. (Greek
Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond the North
wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.
2. An inhabitant of the most northern
regions.
Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a.
(Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of
carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates.
[Written also hypercarburetted.]
Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic (?), a.
[L. hypercatalecticus,
hypercatalectus, Gr. /: cf. F.
hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and
Catalectic.] (Pros.) Having a
syllable or two beyond measure; as, a
hypercatalectic verse.
Hy`per*chlo"ric (?), a.
(Chem.) See Perchloric.
Hy`per*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The
condition of having an unusual intensity of color.
Hy`per*crit"ic (?), n. [Pref.
hyper- + critic: cf. F.
hypercritique.] One who is critical beyond
measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor.
\'bdHypercritics in English poetry.\'b8
Dryden.
Hy`per*crit"ic, a. Hypercritical.
Hy`per*crit"ic*al (?), a.
1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly
critical; carping; captious. \'bdHypercritical
readers.\'b8
Swift.
2. Excessively nice or exact.
Evelyn.
Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
hypercritical manner.
Hy`per*crit"i*cise (?), v. t.
To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise
captiously.
Hy`per*crit"i*cism (?), n.
Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of
criticism; zoilism.
Hy`per*di*crot"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as, a
hyperdicrotic pulse.
Hy`per*di"cro*tism (?), n.
(Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition.
Hy`per*di"cro*tous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic.
\'d8Hy`per*du*li"a (?), n.
[Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F.
hyperdulie.] (R. C. Ch.)
Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most
exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia.
Addis & Arnold.
Hy"per*du`ly (?), n.
Hyperdulia. [Obs.]
Hy`per*es*the"si*a (?), n. Same
as Hyper\'91sthesia.
\'d8Hy*per"i*cum (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, /; / under, among + /, /, heath,
heather.] (Bot.) A genus of plants,
generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also
St. John's-wort.
\'d8Hy`per*i*no"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / over + /, /, strength, fiber.]
(Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by
an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory
diseases.
Hy*pe"ri*on (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Class Myth.) The god of the sun;
in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished
for his beauty.
So excellent a king; that was, to this,
Hyperion to a satyr.
Shak.
\'d8Hy`per*ki*ne"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / over + / motion.]
(Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement;
spasm.
Hy`per*ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hyperkinesis.
Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis (?), n.
[Hyper- + metamorphosis.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of metamorphosis, in certain
insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes
of form and structure during its growth.
Hy*per"me*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
beyond all measure; / over, beyond + / measure: cf. F.
hyperm\'8atre.] 1. (Pros.)
A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a
hypercatalectic verse.
2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary
standard.
When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an
hypermeter.
Addison.
Hy`per*met"ric*al (?), a.
Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common
measure.
Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.),
a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary
measure.
{ \'d8Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a (?),
Hy`per*met"ro*py (?), } n.
[NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. / excessive + /,
/, the eye. See Hypermeter.] A condition of
the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of
the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind
the retina; farsightedness; -- called also
hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia.
hypermetropia, vision for distant
objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for
near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted.
It is corrected by the use of convex glasses.
-- Hy`per*me*trop"ic (#),
a.
\'d8Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / beyond + / countless + / view.]
A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or
views.
\'d8Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth
contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of
the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See
Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.
\'d8Hy`per*o"pi*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / over + /, /, the eye.]
Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic
(#), a.
Hy`per*or*gan"ic (?), a. [Pref.
hyper- + organic.] Higher than,
or beyond the sphere of, the organic.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y (?), n.
Orthodoxy pushed to excess.
\'d8Hy`per*o*tre"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the plate + / perforated.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs, including
the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They
have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a
communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See
Hagfish. [Written also
Hyperotreti.]
Hy`per*ox"ide (?), n.
(Chem.) A compound having a relatively large
percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.]
{ Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted (?),
Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized (?), } a.
(Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount
of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides. [Obs.]
Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A perchlorate. [Obs.]
Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Perchloric; as,
hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]
Hy`per*phys"ic*al (?), a. Above
or transcending physical laws; supernatural.
Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical
hypothesis.
Sir W. Hamilton.
\'d8Hy`per*pla"si*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / over + / conformation, fr. / to
mold.] (Med. & Biol.) An increase in, or
excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.
Hyperplasia relates to the formation of
new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of
preexisting normal elements.
Dunglison.
Hy`per*plas"tic (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.
2. (Biol.) Tending to excess of
formative action.
\'d8Hy`per*n\'d2"a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / over + /, /, breath.]
(Physiol.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly
deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from
eupn\'d2a. See Eupn\'d2a, and
Dispn\'d2a.
\'d8Hy`per*py*rex"i*a (?), n.
[NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.]
(Med.) A condition of excessive fever; an
elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit
usually observed in that disease.
Hy`per*se*cre"tion (?), n.
(Med.) Morbid or excessive secretion, as in
catarrh.
Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.
See Hyper\'91sthesia.
Hy"per*space (?), n. [Pref.
hyper- + space.] (Geom.)
An imagined space having more than three dimensions.
Hy"per*sthene (?), n. [Gr. /
over + / strength: cf. F. hyperst\'8ane.]
(Min.) An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene
group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a
peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage
surface.
Hy`per*sthen"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Composed of, or containing,
hypersthene.
Hy`per*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.
/; / over + / to place.] Exaggerated; excessive;
hyperbolical. [Obs.]
Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression.
Chapman.
\'d8Hy`per*thyr"i*on (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / over + / door.]
(Arch.) That part of the architrave which is over
a door or window.
{ Hy`per*troph"ic (?),
Hy`per*troph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. hypertrophique.] (Med. &
Biol.) Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with,
or tending to, hypertrophy.
Hy*per"tro*phied (?), a. (Med.
& Biol.) Excessively developed; characterized by
hypertrophy.
Hy*per"tro*phy (?), n. [Gr. /
over, beyond + / nourishment, fr. / to nourish: cf. F.
hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.) A
condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or
part; -- the opposite of atrophy.
\'d8Hy"ph\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.) The
long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater
part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found
enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of
their structure.
Hy"phen (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / under one, into one, together, fr. / under + /,
neut. of / one. See Hypo-.] (Print.)
A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line
which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of
which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a
compound word; as in fine-leaved,
clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate
the syllables of words.
Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Hyphened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hyphening.] To connect with,
or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a
word.
Hy"phen*a`ted (?), a. United by
hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened
word.
\'d8Hy`pho*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a web + /, /, a mushroom.]
(Bot.) One of the great division of fungi,
containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or
only fasciculate threads.
M. J. Berkley.
Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.]
(Crystallog.) Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock
a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline
form. -- Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly
(#), adv.
\'d8Hyp`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / under + /, / strength, fiber.]
(Med.) A diminution in the normal amount of
fibrin present in the blood.
Hyp`na*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
sleep + / a carrying away.] Leading to sleep; --
applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.
Hyp"no*bate (?), n. [F., fr.
Gr. / sleep + / to go.] A somnambulist.
[R.]
Hyp"no*cyst (?), n. [Gr. /
sleep + E. cyst.] (Biol.) A cyst
in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose
themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of
drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of
spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.
Hyp`no*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
sleep + root of / to be born.] (Physiol.)
Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the
so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon
which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep.
De Watteville.
Hyp*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who
is versed in hypnology.
Hyp*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
sleep + -logy.] A treatise on sleep; the
doctrine of sleep.
\'d8Hyp*no"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / sleep.] (Med.) Supervention of
sleep.
Hyp*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, fr. / to lull to sleep,
fr. / sleep; akin to L. somnus, and E.
somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.]
1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending
to produce sleep; soporific.
2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of
hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a hypnotic
condition.
Hyp*not"ic, n. 1. Any agent
that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a
soporific; a narcotic.
2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is
subject to, hypnotism.
Hyp"no*tism (?), n. [Gr. /
sleep: cf. F. hypnotisme.] A form of sleep
or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is
an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of
others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the
medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization,
by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes,
or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the
body.
Hyp`no*ti*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of producing hypnotism.
Hyp"no*tize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hypnotized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hypnotizing
(?).] To induce hypnotism in; to place
in a state of hypnotism.
Hyp"no*ti`zer (?), n. One who
hypnotizes.
\'d8Hyp"num (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / moss.] (Bot.) The largest genus of
true mosses; feather moss.
Hy"po- (?). [Gr. / under, beneath; akin
to L. sub. See Sub-.] 1.
A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a
low state or degree, of that denoted by the
word with which it is joined, or position under or
beneath.
2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the
element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a
low valence, or in a low state of
oxidization, usually the lowest, into the
compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous
acid.
Hy"po (?), n.
Hypochondria. [Colloq.]
Hy"po, n. [Abbrev. from
hyposulphite.] (Photog.) Sodium
hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a
bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture.
[Colloq.]
Hy`po*a"ri*an (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.
\'d8Hy`po*a"ri*on (?), n.; pl.
Hypoaria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
beneath + / a little egg.] (Anat.) An
oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of
the inferior lobes.
Owen.
Hy"po*blast (?), n. [Pref.
hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.)
The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also
endoderm, entoderm, and
sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of
Blastoderm, Delamination, and
Ectoderm.
Hy`po*blas"tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the
hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac.
Hy*pob"o*le (?), n. [Gr. / a
throwing under, a suggesting; / under + / to throw.]
(Rhet.) A figure in which several things are
mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of
the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.
Hy`po*bran"chi*al (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + branchial.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the segment between the
basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch.
-- n. A hypobranchial bone or
cartilage.
{ Hy"po*carp (?),
\'d8Hy`po*car"pi*um (?), } n.
[NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr. / beneath + /
fruit.] (Bot.) A fleshy enlargement of the
receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the
cashew. See Illust. of Cashew.
<-- p. 721 -->
Hy`po*car`po*ge"an (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + Gr. / fruit + / earth.]
(Bot.) Producing fruit below the ground.
Hyp"o*caust (?), n. [L.
hypocaustum, Gr. /; / under + / to burn: cf. F.
hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.) A
furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and
flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire
was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in
bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.
Hy`po*chlo"rite (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a
calcium hypochloride.
Hy`po*chlo"rous (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence
lower than in chlorous compounds.
Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid
derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming
various salts, called hypochlorites.
Hy`po*chon"dres (?), n. pl. [F.
hypocondres, formerly spely
hypochondres.] The hypochondriac regions.
See Hypochondrium.
Hy`po*chon"dri*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Med.) Hypochondriasis;
melancholy; the blues.<-- as of 1990, the preferred name
for the condition in which a person has a morbid concern about
illnesses which he imagines are affecting him -->
Hy`po*chon"dri*ac (?), a. [Gr.
/ affocated in the hypochondrium: cf. F.
hypocondriaque, formerly spelt
hypochondriaque.] 1. Of or
pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.
2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by
hypochondriasis.
Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a
region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of
the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar,
region.
Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n. A person affected
with hypochondriasis.
He had become an incurable hypochondriac.
Macaulay.
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal (?), a.
Same as Hypochondriac, 2. --
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly,
adv.
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism (?), n.
(Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.]
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis (?), n.
[NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the
hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac,
Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st
Hypo.] (Med.) A mental disorder in
which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person,
particularly concerning his own health.
Hy`po*chon"dri*asm (?), n.
(Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.]
\'d8Hy`po*chon"dri*um (?), n.;
pl. L. Hypochondria (#), E.
Hypochondriums (#). [L., fr. Gr.
/, from / under the cartilage of the breastbone; / under +
/ cartilage.] (Anat.) Either of the
hypochondriac regions.
Hy`po*chon"dry (?), n.
Hypochondriasis.
Hyp"o*cist (?), n. [Gr. / a
plant growing on the roots of the Cistus.]
An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a
plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of
the Cistus, a small European shrub.
\'d8Hy`po*clei"di*um (?), n.;
pl. L. Hypocleida (#), E.
Hypocleidiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ under + / a little key.] (Anat.) A
median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds,
where it is connected with the sternum.
Hyp`o*co*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr.
/; / under + / to caress.] Endearing;
diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a
name.
The hypocoristic or pet form of William.
Dr. Murray.
Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + / cup + -form.]
(Bot.) hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped.
Wood.
Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + Gr. / bowl + / form.]
(Bot.) Salver-shaped; having a slender tube,
expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border,
as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.
H*poc"ri*sy (?), n.; pl.
Hypocrisies (#). [OE.
hypocrisie, ypocrisie, OF.
hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F.
hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr. / the
playing a part on the stage, simulation, outward show, fr. / to
answer on the stage, to play a part; / under + / to decide;
in the middle voice, to dispute, contend. See Hypo-, and
Critic.] The act or practice of a hypocrite;
a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not
feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character,
disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false
appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.
Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy.
Rambler.
Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue.
La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).
Hyp"o*crite (?), n. [F., fr. L.
hypocrita, Gr. / one who plays a part on the stage,
a dissembler, feigner. See Hypocrisy.] One
who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning
approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who
feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to
virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.
The hypocrite's hope shall perish.
Job viii. 13.
I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his
heart.
Shak.
Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See
Dissembler.
Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv.
Hypocritically. [R.]
Sylvester.
Hyp`o*crit"ic (?), a. See
Hypocritical.
Swift.
Hyp`o*crit"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.
/: cf. F. hypocritique.] Of or pertaining
to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a
hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a
hypocritical action.
Hypocritical professions of friendship and of
pacific intentions were not spared.
Macaulay.
-- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
Hyp`o*crys"tal*line (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + crystalline.]
(Crystallog.) Partly crystalline; -- said of rock
which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground
mass.
Hy`po*cy"cloid (?), n. [Pref.
hypo- + cycloid: cf. F.
hypocyclo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A
curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which
rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf.
Epicycloid, and Trochoid.
\'d8Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum (?), n.;
pl. -tyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ beneath + / a finger, toe.] (Zo\'94l.)
The under side of the toes.
Hyp"o*derm (?), n. [Pref.
hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.)
Same as Hypoblast.
\'d8Hyp`o*der"ma (?), n. [NL.
See Hypo, and derma.] 1.
(Bot.) A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in
plants, and performing the physiological function of
strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is
developed as collenchyma.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An inner cellular layer
which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids,
and some other invertebrates.
Hyp`o*der*mat"ic (?), a.
Hypodermic.
-- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
Hyp`o*der"mic (?), a. [See
Hypoderma.] Of or pertaining to the parts
under the skin.
Hypodermic medication, the application of
remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small
syringe, called the hypodermic syringe.
-- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly (#),
adv.
\'d8Hyp`o*der"mis (?), n. [NL.
See Hypo-, and Derma.] 1.
(Biol.) Same as Hypoblast.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Hypoderma, 2.
{ Hyp`o*di*crot"ic (?),
Hyp`o*di"cro*tous (?), } a.
(Physiol.) Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as,
a hypodicrotic pulse curve.
Hyp`o*g\'91"ic (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^,
earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, the peanut, or earthnut (Arachis
hypog\'91a).
Hypog\'91ic acid (Chem.), an acid
in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride,
and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline
substance.
Hyp`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Cf. F.
hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or
the hypogastric region.
Hypogastric region. (a) The lower
part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division
of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac
regions.
\'d8Hyp`o*gas"tri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / under + / belly.]
(Anat.) The lower part of the abdomen.
Hyp`o*ge"an (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / earth.] (Bot.)
Hypogeous. [Written also
hypog\'91an.]
Hyp"o*gene (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + the root of Gr. / to be born: cf. F.
hypog\'8ane.] (Geol.) Formed or
crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite,
gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of
have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks.
Opposed to epigene.
Hyp`o*ge"ous (?), a. [See
Hypogean.] (Bot.) Growing under
ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under
ground. [Written also
hypog\'91ous.]
\'d8Hyp`o*ge"um (?), n.; pl.
Hypogea (#). [L., fr. Gr. /,
/, subterranean; / under + /, /, the earth.]
(Anc. Arch.) The subterraneous portion of a
building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games;
also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.
Hyp`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / the tongue.] (Anat.)
Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher
vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which
are distributed to the base of the tongue. --
n. One of the hypoglossal
nerves.
Hy*pog"na*tous (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / the jaw.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as
in the skimmer.
Hyp"o*gyn (?), n. (Bot.)
An hypogynous plant.
Hy*pog"y*nous (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / woman, female: cf. F.
hypogyne.] (Bot.) Inserted below
the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens;
having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil;
-- said of a flower or a plant.
Gray.
Hy`po*hy"al (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Greek letter /.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean
arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. --
n. One of the hypohyal bones or
cartilages.
Hy`po*nas"tic (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / pressed close.]
(Bot.) Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by
unequal growth. Cf. Epinastic.
Hy`po*nas"ty (?), n.
(Bot.) Downward convexity, or convexity of the
inferior surface.
Hy`po*ni"trite (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of hyponitrous acid.
Hy`po*ni"trous (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.)
Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence
than in nitrous compounds.
Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an
unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are
produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself
is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water;
-- called also nitrosylic acid.
\'d8Hy`po*phar"ynx (?), n. [NL.
See Hypo-, and Pharynx.]
(Zo\'94l.) An appendage or fold on the lower side
of the pharynx, in certain insects.
Hy`po*phos"phate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of hypophosphoric acid.
Hy`po*phos"phite (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of hypophosphorous acid.
Hy`po*phos*phor"ic (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or
containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in
phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric
acid.
Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an
acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow oxidation of
moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is
regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric
acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial
dehydration.
Hy`po*phos"phor*ous (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus
in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds;
as, hypophosphorous acid.
Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an
acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced by the
action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from
its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white
crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.
Hy*poph"yl*lous (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / leaf.] (Bot.)
Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit
dots of ferns.
Hy`po*phys"i*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypophysis;
pituitary.
\'d8Hy*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / under + / nature, origin.] 1.
(Anat.) See Pituitary body, under
Pituitary.
2. (Med.) Cataract.
Hy`po*plas"tron (?), n.; pl.
Hypoplastra (#). [Pref.
hypo- + plastron.] (Anat.)
The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; --
called also hyposternum.
\'d8Hy*pop"ti*lum (?), n.; pl.
L. Hypoptila (#), E. Hypoptilums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / beneath + /
down.] (Zo\'94l.) An accessory plume
arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour
feathers of many birds; -- called also
aftershaft. See Illust. of
Feather.
\'d8Hy`po*ra"di*us (?), n.; pl.
Hyporadii (#). [Pref.
hypo- + radius.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or
aftershaft of a feather. See Feather.
\'d8Hy`po*rha"chis (?), n.; pl.
Hyporhachides (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ beneath + / spine.] (Zo\'94l.) The
stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [Written also
hyporachis.]
Hy`po*skel"e*tal (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.)
Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the
hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to
episkeletal.
\'d8Hy`po*spa"di*as (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / beneath + / to draw, tear.]
(Med.) A deformity of the penis, in which the
urethra opens upon its under surface.
Hy*pos"ta*sis (?), n.; pl.
Hypostases (#). [L., fr. Gr. /
subsistence, substance, fr. / to stand under; / under + /
to stand, middle voice of / to cause to stand. See
Hypo-, and Stand.] 1. That
which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a
concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing
being or thing.
2. (Theol.) Substance; subsistence;
essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to
denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
a.d.
362) defined hypostasis as synonymous with
person.
Schaff-Herzog.
3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists
in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered
as the three principles of all material bodies.
4. (Med.) That which is deposited at the
bottom of a fluid; sediment.
Hy*pos"ta*size (?), v. t. To
make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an
existing being; to hypostatize. [R.]
The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize
the law of gravitation into an ether.
Coleridge.
{ Hy`po*stat"ic (?),
Hy`po*stat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. hypostatique.] 1.
Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive,
or elementary.
The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three
hypostatical principles.
Boyle.
2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to
the divine hypostases, or substances.
Bp. Pearson.
3. (Med.) Depending upon, or due to,
deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion,
cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation.
Hypostatic union (Theol.), the
union of the divine with the human nature of Christ.
Tillotson.
Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
hypostatic manner.
Hy*pos"ta*tize (?), v. t.
1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and
distinct substance.
Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized
universals.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.
2. To attribute actual or personal existence
to.
Sir W. Hamilton.
\'d8Hy`po*ster"num (?), n.; pl.
L. Hyposterna (#), E. Hyposternums
(#). [Pref. hypo- +
sternum.] (Anat.) See
Hypoplastron.
{ Hy"po*stome (?),
\'d8Hy*pos"to*ma (?), } n.
[NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. / beneath + /
mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) The lower lip of
trilobites, crustaceans, etc.
Hy*pos"tro*phe (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to turn round or back; / under + / to
turn.] (Med.) (a) The act of a
patient turning himself. (b) A relapse, or
return of a disease.
<-- p. 722 -->
Hy"po*style (?), a. [Gr. /
resting on pillars; / under + / a pillar.]
(Arch.) Resting upon columns; constructed by
means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at
Karnak.
Hy`po*sul"phate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of hyposulphuric acid.
Hy`po*sul"phite (?), n.
(Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly
called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate.
[Obs.] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous
acid proper.
Hy`po*sul*phur"ic (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in
a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds;
as, hyposulphuric acid.
Hyposulphuric acid, an acid,
H2S2O6, obtained by the action of manganese
dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution
and in its salts; -- called also dithionic
acid. See Dithionic.
Hy`po*sul"phur*ous (?), a.
[Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur,
all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation.
Hyposulphurous acid. (a)
Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.] (b)
An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of
sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an
orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and
bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous
acid.
\'d8Hy`po*tar"sus (?), n.; pl.
Hypotarsi (#). [NL. See
Hypo-, and Tarsus.] (Anat.)
A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of
many birds; the calcaneal process. --
Hy`po*tar"sal (#),
a.
{ Hy*pot"e*nuse (?),
Hy*poth"e*nuse (?) }, n.
[L. hypotenusa, Gr. /, prob., subtending (sc.
/), fr. / to stretch under, subtend; / under + / to
stretch. See Subtend.] (Geom.) The
side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right
angle.
Hy*poth"ec (?), n. [F.
hypoth\'8aque. See Hypotheca.]
(Scot. Law) A landlord's right, independently of
stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and
crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.
\'d8Hy`po*the"ca (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / a thing subject to some obligation, fr. / to put
under, put down, pledge. See Hypothesis.]
(Rom. Law) An obligation by which property of a
debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his
debt.
Kent.
Hy*poth"e*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Hypothecated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hypothecating
(?).] [LL. hypothecatus,
p.p. of hypothecare to pledge, fr. L.
hypotheca pledge, security. See
Hypotheca.] (Law) To subject, as
property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery
of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of
possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to
make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation,
Bottomry.
He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in
arrear. He had no power to hypothecate any part of the
public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security
but his bare word.
Macaulay.
Hy*poth`e*ca"tion (?), n. [LL.
hypothecatio.] 1. (Civ. Law)
The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a
right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor,
in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price
appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the
thing, or jus in re.
Pothier. B. R. Curtis.
There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an
hypothecation, in the strict sense of the Roman law,
exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee.
Story.
Hypothecate.
B. R. Curtis. Domat.
2. (Law of Shipping) A contract whereby,
in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the
ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its
repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually
effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry.
Hy*poth"e*ca`tor (?), n.
(Law) One who hypothecates or pledges anything as
security for the repayment of money borrowed.
{ Hy*poth"e*nal (?),
Hy*poth"e*nar (?), } a.
[Pref. hypo- + thenar.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prominent part of
the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a
corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the
hypothenar eminence.
Hy*poth"e*nar (?), n.
(Anat.) The hypothenar eminence.
Hy*poth`e*nu"sal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]
Hy*poth"e*nuse (?), n. Same as
Hypotenuse.
Hy*poth"e*sis (?), n.; pl.
Hypotheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
foundation, supposition, fr. / to place under, / under + /
to put. See Hypo-, Thesis.] 1.
A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed
or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference
for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but
assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or
an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds
detain an overdue steamer.
An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are
no other limits to hypotheses than those of the human
imagination.
J. S. Mill.
2. (Natural Science) A tentative theory
or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts,
and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently
called a working hypothesis.
Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory.
Nebular hypothesis. See under
Nebular.
{ Hy`po*thet"ic (?),
Hy`po*thet"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. hypotheticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
hypoth\'82tique.] Characterized by, or of
the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof,
for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting
for some fact or phenomenon.
Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the
various phenomena of the existence of which our experience
informs us.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.),
baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is
doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized
before.
Hook.
-- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly,
adv.
South.
Hy*poth"e*tist (?), n. One who
proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.]
\'d8Hy`po*tra*che"li*um (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /; / under + / neck.]
(Arch.) Same as Gorgerin.
\'d8Hy*pot"ri*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / beneath + /. /, a hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria in
which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.
Hy`po*tro"choid (?), n. [Pref.
hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.)
A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius
produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a
fixed circle. See Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and
Trochoid.
\'d8Hy`po*ty*po"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to sketch out; / under + / to
impress.] (Rhet.) A vivid, picturesque
description of scenes or events.
Hy`po*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref.
hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely
related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the
animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also
sarcin, sarkin.
Hy`po*zo"ic (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / an animal.] (Geol.)
Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic
remains.
Lyell.
Hyp"pish (?), a. [From
Hyp.] Affected with hypochondria;
hypped. [Written also hyppish.]
Hyp"po*griff (?), n. See
Hyppogriff.
Hyp"si*loid (?), a. [From
-oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the
Greek letter
Hyp*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
height + -meter.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric
pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the
boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a
lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the
temperature of ebullition.
{ Hyp`so*met"ric (?),
Hyp`so*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to hypsometry.
Hyp*som"e*try (?), n. That
branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the
measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the
sea level, or relatively.
Hy*pu"ral (?), a. [Pref.
hypo- + Gr. / tail.] (Anat.)
Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the
caudal fin rays in most fishes.
Hy"ra*coid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Hyracoidea. -- n. One of the
Hyracoidea.
\'d8Hyr`a*coi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Hyrax, and oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of small hoofed mammals,
comprising the single living genus Hyrax.
\'d8Hy"rax (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / shrew mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) Any animal
of the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are
known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known
species are the daman (H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and
the klipdas (H. capensis) of South Africa. Other
species are H. arboreus and H. Sylvestris,
the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa.
See Daman.
{ Hyr*ca"ni*an (?), Hyr"can
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of
the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian) Sea.
\'bdThe Hyrcan tiger.\'b8 \'bdHyracanian
deserts.\'b8
Shak.
Hyrse (?), n. [G.
hirse, OHG. hirsi.] (Bot.)
Millet.
Hyrst (?), n. A wood. See
Hurst.
Hy"son (?), n. [Chin.
hi-tshun, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.]
A fragrant kind of green tea.
Hyson skin, the light and inferior leaves
separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine.
M'Culloch.
Hys"sop (?), n. [OE.
hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F.
hysope, hyssope, L. hysopum,
hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr. /, /, an
aromatic plant, fr. Heb. .] A
plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an
aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.
Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was
used for several different plants.
Hys`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr.
/ after + / flower.] (Bot.) Having the
leaves expand after the flowers have opened.
Henslow.
\'d8Hys`te*re"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / to be behind, to lag.] (Physics)
A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces
acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal
friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition
previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity,
etc., on reversal of polarity.
Hys*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.: cf.
F. hyst\'82rie. See Hysteric.]
(Med.) A nervous affection, occurring almost
exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex
excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly
diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions,
becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into
paroxism or fits.
{ Hys*ter"ic (?), Hys*ter"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
hystericus, Gr. /, fr. / the womb; perh. akin to
/ latter, later, and E. utter,
out.] Of or pertaining to hysteria;
affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.
With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement,
they preserved their peace and patience.
Bancroft.
Hys*ter"ics (?), n. pl.
(Med.) Hysteria.
Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy (?), n.
[Hysteria + epilepsy.]
(Med.) A disease resembling hysteria in its
nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform
convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure
on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body.
-- Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic (#),
a.
Hys`ter*o*gen"ic (?), a.
[Hysteria + root of Gr. / to be born.]
(Physiol.) Producing hysteria; as, the
hysterogenicpressure points on the surface of the body,
pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack
of hysteria.
De Watteville.
Hys`ter*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/; / the latter + / discourse: cf. F.
hyst\'82rologie.] (Rhet.) A
figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in
expression, and the last put first; -- called also
hysteron proteron.
\'d8Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron (?). [NL., fr.
Gr. / the latter, following + / before, others,
sooner.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure in
which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology;
as, valet atque vivit, \'bdhe is well and
lives.\'b8 (b) An inversion of logical
order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the
thing proved before the evidence.
Hys*ter"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr.
/ following + / plant.] (Bot.) A
plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic
matter. -- Hys`ter*oph"y*tal
(#), a.
Hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr.
/ womb + / to cut: cf. F. hyst\'82rotomie.]
(Med.) The C\'91sarean section. See under
C\'91sarean.
Hys"tri*cine (?), a. [See
Hystrix.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the porcupines.
Hys`tri*co*mor"phous (?), a.
[Hystrix + Gr. / form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or allied to, the porcupines; --
said of a group (Hystricomorpha) of rodents.
Hys"trix (?), n. [Gr. /
porcupine.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of rodents,
including the porcupine.
Hythe (?), n. A small haven.
See Hithe. [Obs.]
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