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<-- Begin file 8 of 10: R (Version 0.4) of
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R.
R (?). R, the eighteenth letter of English
alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is sometimes called a
semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide to
Pronunciation,
\'bdR is the dog's letter and hurreth in the
sound.\'b8
B. Jonson.
In words derived from the Greek language the letter
h is generally written after r to represent
the aspirated sound of the Greek "r, but does not
affect the pronunciation of the English word, as
rhapsody, rhetoric.
The English letter derives its form from the Greek through
the Latin, the Greek letter derived from the Phoenician, which,
it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically,
R is most closely related to l, s, and
n; as in bandore, mandole;
purple, L. purpura; E. chapter, F.
chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was,
were; hare, G. hase; E.
order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E.
coffer, coffin.
The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading,
(w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an
education.
Ra (?), n. A roe; a deer.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ra-. A prefix, from the Latin re and
ad combined, coming to us through the French and
Italian. See Re- and Ad-.
Raash (?), n. [Cf. Ar.
ra'ash trembling, tremor.] (Zo\'94l.)
The electric catfish. [Written also
raasch.]
Rab (?), n. A rod or stick used
by masons in mixing hair with mortar.
Rab"at (?), n. [See
Rabot.] A polishing material made of potter's
clay that has failed in baking.
Ra*bate" (?), v. t. [F.
rabattre to beat down; pref. re- +
abattre. See Abate, and cf. Rebate,
v.] (Falconry) To recover to the
fist, as a hawk. [Obs.]
Rab"a*tine (?) n. [See
Rabato.] A collar or cape.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Scott.
Ra*ba"to (?), n. [F.
rabat, fr. rabattre. See
Rabate.] A kind of ruff for the neck; a
turned-down collar; a rebato. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rab*bate" (?), v. t. [See
Rabate.] To abate or diminish.
[Obs.] -n. Abatement.
[Obs.]
Rab"bet (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rabbeted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rabbeting.] [F.
raboter to plane, plane down,rabot a plane;
pref. re- re- + OF. abouter,
aboter. See Abut, and cf.
Rebut.] 1. To cut a rabbet in; to
furnish with a rabbet.
2. To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a
rabbet joint.
Rab"bet, n. [See Rabbet
v., and cf. Rebate, n.]
1. (Carp.) A longitudinal channel,
groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body;
especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to
break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in
place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or
for a door, is a rabbet, or rebate.
2. Same as Rabbet joint, below.
Rabbet joint (Carp.), a joint
formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers: -- called
also rabbet. -- Rabbet plane,
a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.
Moxon.
Rab"bi (?), n.; pl.
Rabbis (#) or Rabbies.
[L., fr. Gr. /, Heb. rab\'c6 my master, from
rab master, lord, teacher, akin to Ar.
rabb.] Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish
title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the
law. \'bdThe gravest rabbies.\'b8
Milton.
Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master,
even Christ, and all ye are brethren.
Matt. xxiii. 8.
Rab"bin (?), n. [F.]
Same as Rabbi.
{ Rab*bin"ic (?), Rab*bin"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
rabbinique.] Of or pertaining to the
rabbins, or pertaining to be opinions, learning, or language of
the rabbins. \'bdComments staler than
rabbinic.\'b8
Lowell.
We will not buy your rabbinical fumes.
Milton.
Rab*bin"ic (?), n. The language
or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.
Rab*bin"ic*al*ly, adv. In a rabbinical
manner; after the manner of the rabbins.
Rab"bin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
rabbinisme.] 1. A rabbinic
expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the
rabbins.
2. The teachings and traditions of the
rabbins.
Rab"bin*ist, n. [Cf. F.
rabbiniste.] One among the Jews who adhered
to the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to
the Karaites, who rejected the traditions.
Rab"bin*ite (?), n. Same as
Rabbinist.
Rab"bit (?), n. [OE.
abet, akin to OD. robbe,
robbeken.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of the
smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common
European species (Lepus cuniculus), which is often
kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries. It is
remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some parts of
Australia and New Zealand.
L. sylvalica)
is similar but smaller. See Cottontail, and Jack
rabbit, under 2d Jack. The larger species of
Lepus are commonly called hares. See
Hare.
Angora rabbit (Zo\'94l.), a variety
of the domestic rabbit having long, soft fur. -- Rabbit
burrow, a hole in the earth made by rabbits for shelter
and habitation. -- Rabbit fish.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The northern chim\'91ra
(Chim\'91ra monstrosa). (b) Any one
of several species of plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and
puffer. The term is also locally applied to other fishes. --
Rabbits' ears. (Bot.) See
Cyclamen.<-- a type of antenna with two long narrow
metal prongs, usually arranged so as to remeniscent of erect
rabbit's ears. --> -- Rabbit warren, a piece of
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.
Wright. -- Rock rabbit.
(Zo\'94l.) See Daman, and
Klipdas. -- Welsh rabbit, a dish of
which the chief constituents are toasted bread and toasted
cheese, prepared in various ways. The name is said to be a
corruption of Welsh rare bit, but perhaps it
is merely a humorous designation.
Rab"bit*ing, n. The hunting of
rabbits.
T. Hughes.
Rab"bit*ry (?), n. A place
where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of hutches for
tame rabbits.
Rab"ble (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Iron Manuf.) An iron bar, with
the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the
process of pudding.
Rab"ble, v. t. To stir with a rabble, as
molten iron.
Rab"ble, v. i. [Akin to D.
rabbelen, Prov. G. rabbeln, to prattle, to
chatter: cf. L. rabula a brawling advocate, a
pettifogger, fr. rabere to rave. Cf.
Rage] To speak in a confused manner.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rab"ble, n. [Probably named from the
noise made by it (see Rabble, v. t.) cf. D.
rapalje rabble, OF. & Prov. F.
rapaille.] 1. A tumultuous crowd
of vulgar, noise people; a mob; a confused, disorderly
throng.
I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of
the prince, a great rabble of mean and light
persons.
Ascham.
Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars and the whole
rabble of licentious deities.
Bp. Warburton.
2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of
voices; a chatter.
The rabble, the lowest class of people,
without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people.
\'bdThe rabble call him \'bflord.'\'b8
Shak.
Rab"ble, a. Of or pertaining to a
rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar.
[R.]
Dryden.
Rab"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rabbled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rabbling (?).] 1.
To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to
rabble a curate.
Macaulay.
The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates them
selves rabbled on their way to the house.
J. R. Green.
2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth
without intelligence. [Obs. or Scot.]
Foxe.
3. To rumple; to crumple.
[Scot.]
Rab"ble*ment (?), n. A
tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble. \'bdRude
rablement.\'b8
Spenser.
And still, as he refused it, the rabblement
hooted.
Shak.
Rab"blor (?), n. [See 2d
Rabble.] (Mech.) A scraping tool
for smoothing metal.
Rab"ble-rout` (?), n. A
tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.
Rab*doid"al (?), a. [Gr. / a
rod + -oid + -al.] (Anat.) See
Sagittal. [Written also
rhabdoidal.]
Rab*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
rod, stick + -logy: cf. F.
rabdologie.] The method or art of
performing arithmetical operations by means of Napier's bones.
See Napier's bones. [Written also
rhabdology.]
Rab"do*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. /
rod + -mancy.] Divination by means of rods
or wands. [Written also
rhabdomancy.]
Sir T. Browne.
Rab"id (?), a.[L.
rabidus, from rabere to rave. See
Rage, n.] 1. Furious;
raging; extremely violent.
The rabid flight
Of winds that ruin ships.
Chapman.
2. Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion;
excessively zealous; as, a rabid
socialist.
3. Affected with the distemper called
rabies; mad; as, a rabid god or
fox.
4. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rabies, or
hydrophobia; as, rabid virus.
Ra*bid"i*ty (?), n. Rabidness;
furiousness.
Rab"id*ly (?), adv. In a rabid
manner; with extreme violence.
Rab"id*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rabid.
\'d8Ra"bi*es (?), n. [L. See
Rage, n.] Same as
Hydrophobia (b); canine madness.
Rab"i*net (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Mil.) A kind of small ordnance
formerly in use. [Written also
rabanet.]
Ainsworth.
Ra"bi*ous (?), a. Fierce.
[Obs.]
Daniel.
Ra"bot (?), n. [F.]
A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be
polished.
Knight.
\'d8Ra"ca (?), a. [Gr. /,
from Chaldee r.] A term of
reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning
\'bdworthless.\'b8
Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be
in danger of the council.
Matt. v. 22.
\'d8Ra`ca`hout" (?), n. [F.
racahout, probably fr. Ar.
r\'beqaut.] A preparation from acorns used
by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a
beverage for invalids.
Rac*coon" (?), n. [F.
raton, prop., a little rat, fr. rat rat,
perhaps of German origin. See Rat.]
(Zo\'94l.) A North American nocturnal carnivore
(Procyon lotor) allied to the bears, but much smaller,
and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its
body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also
coon, and mapach.
Raccoon dog (Zo\'94l.), the
tanate. -- Raccoon fox (Zo\'94l.),
the cacomixle.
Race (?), v. t. To raze.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- p. 1182 -->
Race (?), n. [OF.
ra\'8bz, L. radix, -icis. See
Radix.] A root. \'bdA race
or two of ginger.\'b8
Shak.
Race ginger, ginger in the root, or not
pulverized.
Race, n. [F. race; cf. Pr. &
Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG.
reiza line, akin to E. write. See
Write.]
1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family,
tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the
same stock; a lineage; a breed.
The whole race of mankind.
Shak.
Whence the long race of Alban fathers come.
Dryden.
Caucasian, or
white race, to which belong the greater part of the European
nations and those of Western Asia; the Mongolian, or
yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the
Ethiopian, or negro race, occupying most of Africa
(except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands;
the American, or red race, comprising the Indians of
North and South America; and the Malayan, or brown
race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc.
Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as
branches of the Mongolian. See Illustration in
Appendix.
2. Company; herd; breed.
For do but note a wild and wanton herd,
Or race of youthful and unhandled colts,
Fetching mad bounds.
Shak.
3. (Bot.) A variety of such fixed
character that it may be propagated by seed.
4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine;
that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin
or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack.
\'bdA race of heaven.\'b8
Shak.
Is it [the wine] of the right race ?
Massinqer.
5. Hence, characteristic quality or
disposition. [Obs.]
And now I give my sensual race the rein.
Shak.
Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment.
Sir W. Temple.
Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring;
progeny; issue.
Race, n. [OE. ras,
res, rees, AS. r a rush,
running; akin to Icel. r\'bes course, race.
1. A progress; a course; a
movement or progression.
2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a
running.
The flight of many birds is swifter than the race
of any beasts.
Bacon.
3. Hence: The act or process of running in
competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running,
riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural,
usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; as,
he attended the races.
The race is not to the swift.
Eccl. ix. 11.
I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race.
Pope.
4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when
prolonged; hence, career; course of life.
My race of glory run, and race of
shame.
Milton.
5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the
channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or
heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides;
as, the Portland Race; the Race of
Alderney.
6. The current of water that turns a water wheel,
or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.
headrace, the part below, the
tailrace.
7. (Mach.) A channel or guide along
which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing
machine, etc.
Race cloth, a cloth worn by horses in racing,
having pockets to hold the weights prescribed. -- Race
course. (a) The path, generally circular or
elliptical, over which a race is run. (b) Same
as Race way, below. -- Race cup,
a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race. --
Race glass, a kind of field glass. --
Race horse. (a) A horse that runs in
competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running
races. (b) A breed of horses remarkable for
swiftness in running. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The
steamer duck. (d) (Zo\'94l.) A
mantis. -- Race knife, a cutting tool with a
blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on
boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.
-- Race saddle, a light saddle used in
racing. -- Race track. Same as Race
course (a), above. -- Race way,
the canal for the current that drives a water
wheel.
Race, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Raced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Racing (?).] 1. To
run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals
raced over the ground; the ships raced from
port to port.
2. (Steam Mach.) To run too fast at
times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out
of water by the action of a heavy sea.
Race, v. t. 1. To cause to
contend in race; to drive at high speed; as, to race
horses.
2. To run a race with.
Ra*ce"mate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of racemic acid.
Rac`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
racematio a gleaning, fr. racemari to
glean, racemus a cluster of grapes. See
Raceme.] 1. A cluster or bunch, as
of grapes.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Cultivation or gathering of clusters of
grapes. [R.]
Ra*ceme" (?), n. [L.
racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See
Raisin.] (Bot.) A flower cluster
with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as
in the currant and chokecherry.
Compound raceme, one having the lower pedicels
developed into secondary racemes.
Ra*cemed" (?), a. (Bot.)
Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.
Ra*ce"mic (?), a. [Cf. F.
rac\'82mique. See Raceme.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric
acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by
oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting
of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric
acids.
Gregory.
Rac`e*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
racemifer bearing clusters; racemus cluster
+ ferre to bear: cf. F.
rac\'82mif\'8are.] (Bot.)
Bearing racemes, as the currant.
Ra*cem"i*form (?), a. Having
the form of a raceme.
Gray.
Rac"e*mose` (?), a. [L.
racemosus full of clusters.] Resembling a
raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as,
(Bot.) racemose berries or flowers;
(Anat.) the racemose glands, in which the
ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme.
Gray.
Rac"e*mous (?), a. [Cf. F.
rac\'82meux.] See Racemose.
Rac"e*mule (?), n. (Bot.)
A little raceme.
Ra*cem"u*lose` (?), a.
(Bot.) Growing in very small racemes.
Ra"cer (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race
horse.
And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize.
Pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The common American black
snake.
3. (Mil.) One of the circular iron or
steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.
{ Rach, Rache (?) },
n. [AS.r\'91cc; akin to Icel.
rakki.] (Zo\'94l.) A dog that
pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the
greyhound.[Obs.]
\'d8Ra"chi*al"gi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / backbone + / pain.]
(Med.) A painful affection of the spine;
especially, Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic.
Ra*chid"i*an (?), a. [See
Rachis.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as
Rhachidian.
\'d8Ra*chil"la (?), n.
[NL.] Same as Rhachilla.
Ra"chi*o*dont (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Rhachiodont.
\'d8Ra"chis (?), n.; pl. E.
Rachises (#), L. Rachides
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / /.]
[Written also rhachis.] 1.
(Anat.) The spine; the vertebral column.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Same as
Rhachis.
Ra*chit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
rachitique. See Rachitis.]
(Med.) Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by
rachitis; rickety.
\'d8Ra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / (sc. /), fr. /, /, the spine.]
[Written also rhachitis.] 1.
(Med.) Literally, inflammation of the spine, but
commonly applied to the rickets. See Rickets.
2. (Bot.) A disease which produces
abortion in the fruit or seeds.
Henslow.
Ra"chi*tome (?), n. [F., fr.
Gr. /, /, the spine + / to cut.] A dissecting
instrument for opening the spinal canal. [Written
also rachiotome.]
Ra"cial (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the
racial complexion.
Ra"ci*ly (?), adv. In a racy
manner.
Ra"ci*ness (?), n. The quality
of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.
The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were
perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always
simple, and raciness often elegant.
London Times.
Ra"cing (?), a. & n. from
Race, v. t. & i.
Racing crab (Zo\'94l.), an
ocypodian.
Rack (?), n. Same as
Arrack.
Rack, n. [AS. hracca neck,
hinder part of the head; cf. AS. hraca throat, G.
rachen throat, E. retch.] The
neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.
Rack, n. [See Wreck.]
A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few
phrases.]
Rack and ruin, destruction; utter ruin.
[Colloq.] -- To go to rack, to
perish; to be destroyed. [Colloq.] \'bdAll goes
to rack.\'b8 Pepys.
Rack, n. [Prob. fr. Icel. rek
drift, motion, and akin to reka to drive, and E.
wrack, wreck. /.]
Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating
vapor in the sky.
Shak.
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above,
which we call the rack, . . . pass without noise.
Bacon.
And the night rack came rolling up.
C. Kingsley.
Rack, v. i. To fly, as vapor or broken
clouds.
Rack, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Racked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Racking.] [See Rack that which
stretches, or Rock, v.] To amble
fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace;
-- said of a horse.
Fuller.
Rack, n. A fast amble.
Rack, v. t. [Cf. OF. vin
raqu\'82 squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]
To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.
It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees
(which we call racking), whereby it will clarify much
the sooner.
Bacon.
Rack vintage, wine cleansed and drawn from the
lees. Cowell.
Rack, n. [Probably fr. D.rek,
rekbank, a rack, rekken to stretch; akin to
G. reck, reckbank, a rack,
recken to stretch, Dan. r\'91kke, Sw.
r\'84cka, Icel. rekja to spread out, Goth.
refrakjan to stretch out; cf. L. porrigere,
Gr. /. / Cf. Right, a.,
Ratch.] 1. An instrument or frame
used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying,
something. Specifically: (a) An engine of
torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was
gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated;
-- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from
criminals or suspected persons.
During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a
rack was introduced into the Tower, and was
occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.
Macaulay.
(b) An instrument for bending a bow.
(c) A grate on which bacon is laid.
(d) A frame or device of various construction for
holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied
to beasts. (e) A frame on which articles are
deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes
rack; a bottle rack, etc.
(f) (Naut.) A piece or frame of wood,
having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes;
-- called also rack block. Also, a frame to
hold shot. (g) (Mining) A frame or
table on which ores are separated or washed. (h)
A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain
on the stalk, or other bulky loads. (i) A
distaff.
2. (Mech.) A bar with teeth on its face,
or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is
to drive it or be driven by it.
3. That which is extorted; exaction.
[Obs.]
Sir E. Sandys.
Mangle rack. (Mach.) See under
Mangle. n. -- Rack block.
(Naut.) See def. 1 (f), above. --
Rack lashing, a lashing or binding where the rope
is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood
twisted around. -- Rack rail
(Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to
afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive for
climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain. --
Rack saw, a saw having wide teeth. --
Rack stick, the stick used in a rack lashing.
-- To be on the rack, to suffer torture, physical
or mental. -- To live at rack and manger, to
live on the best at another's expense.
[Colloq.] -- To put to the rack, to
subject to torture; to torment.
A fit of the stone puts a kingto the
rack, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest
subject.
Sir W. Temple.
Rack (?), v. t. 1. To
extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain;
specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an
engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.
He was racked and miserably tormented.
Pope.
2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme
pain or anguish.
Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair.
Milton.
3. To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense;
hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion.
The landlords there shamefully rack their
tenants.
Spenser.
They [landlords] rack a Scripture simile beyond the
true intent thereof.
Fuller.
Try what my credit can in Venice do;
That shall be racked even to the uttermost.
Shak.
4. (Mining) To wash on a rack, as metals
or ore.
5. (Naut.) To bind together, as two
ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.
To rack one's brains wits, to exert them to the utmost for the
purpose of accomplishing something.
Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.
Rack"a*bones` (?), n. A very
lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. U. S.]
Rack"er (?), n. 1. One
who racks.
2. A horse that has a racking gait.
Rack"et (?), n. [F.
raquette; cf. Sp. raquets, It.
racchetta, which is perhaps for retichetta,
and fr. L. rete a net (cf. Reticule); or
perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. r\'beha the palm of the
hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF.
rachette, rasquette, carpus, tarsus.]
[Written also racquet.] 1.
A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together,
forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of
catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and
is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar
games.
Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and
ending in a racket.
Bancroft.
2. A variety of the game of tennis played with
peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.
Chaucer.
3. A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a
long and narrow frame of light wood. [Canada]
4. A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse,
to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground.
Racket court, a court for playing the game of
rackets.
Rack"et, v. t. To strike with, or as
with, a racket.
Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to
another.
Hewyt.
Rack"et, n. [Gael. racaid a
noise, disturbance.]
1. confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or
sport.
2. A carouse; any reckless dissipation.
[Slang]
Rack"et, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Racketed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Racketing.] 1. To make a
confused noise or racket.
2. To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.
Sterne.
3. To carouse or engage in dissipation.
[Slang]
Rack"et*er (?), n. One who
makes, or engages in, a racket.
Rack"ett (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Mus.) An old wind instrument
of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.
Rack"et-tall (?) n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of humming
birds of the genus Steganura, having two of the tail
feathers very long and racket-shaped.
Rack"et-talled` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having long and spatulate, or
racket-shaped, tail feathers.
Rack"et*y (?), a. Making a
tumultuous noise.
Rack"ing, n. (Naut.) Spun
yarn used in racking ropes.
Rack"-rent` (?), n. A rent of
the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive
or unreasonably high rent.
Blackstone.
Rack"-rent`, v. t. To subject to
rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.
Rack"-rent`er (?), n. 1.
One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.
2. One who exacts rack-rent.
<-- p. 1183 -->
Rack"tail` (?), n.
(Horol.) An arm attached to a swinging notched
arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating
clock.
Rack"work` (?), n. Any
mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.
Ra"cle (?), a. See
Rakel. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ra"cle*ness, n. See
Rakelness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Ra`con`teur" (?), n.
[F.] A relater; a storyteller.
\'d8Ra*coon"da (?), n. [From a
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The coypu.
Ra*co"vi*an (?), n. [From
Racow.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.
Rac"quet (?), n. See
Racket.
Ra"cy (?), a.
[Compar. Racier (?);
superl. Raciest.] [From
Race a tribe, family.] 1. Having a
strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic
taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.
The racy wine,
Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.
Pope.
2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong
or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and
piquant; fresh and lively.
Our raciest, most idiomatic popular word.
M. Arnold.
Burn's English, though not so racy as his Scotch,
is generally correct.
H. Coleridge.
The rich and racy humor of a natural converser
fresh from the plow.
Prof. Wilson.
Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant.
-- Racy, Spicy. Racy refers
primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are
supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown;
and hence we call a style or production racy when it
\'bdsmacks of the soil,\'b8 or has an uncommon degree of natural
freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language.
Spicy, when applied, has reference to a spirit and
pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It
does not, like racy, suggest native peculiarity. A
spicy article in a magazine; a spicy
retort. Racy in conversation; a racy
remark.
Rich, racy verses, in which we
The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see.
Cowley.
Rad (?), obs. imp. & p.
p. of Read, Rede.
Spenser.
Rad"de (?), obs.
imp. of Read, Rede.
Chaucer.
Rad"dle (?), n. [Cf. G.
r\'84der, r\'84del, sieve, or perhaps E.
reed.] 1. A long, flexible stick,
rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright
posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.
2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called
also raddle hedge.
Todd.
3. An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with
a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep
the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound
upon the beam of the loom.
Rad"dle, v. t. To interweave or twist
together.
Raddling or working it up like basket work.
De Foe.
Rad"dle, n. [Cf. Ruddle.]
A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical
processes; ruddle. \'bdA ruddle of rouge.\'b8
Thackeray.
Rad"dle, v. t. To mark or paint with, or
as with, raddle. \'bdWhitened and raddled old
women.\'b8
Thackeray.
Rad"dock (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The ruddock. [Prov.
Eng.]
Rade (?), n. A raid.
[Scot.]
\'d8Ra`deau" (?), n. [F.]
A float; a raft.
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock,
and behind it the radeau Thunderer.
W. Irving.
Ra"di*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
radial. See Radius.] Of or
pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or
rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial
projections; (Zo\'94l.) radial vessels or
canals; (Anat.) the radial artery.
Radial symmetry. (Biol.) See under
Symmetry.
\'d8Ra`di*a"le (?), n.; pl.
Radialia (#). [NL. See
Radial.] 1. (Anat.) The
bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius
and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Radial
plates in the calyx of a crinoid.
Ra"di*al*ly (?), adv. In a
radial manner.
Ra"di*an (?), n. [From
Radius.] (Math.) An arc of a
circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by
such an arc.
{ Ra"di*ance (?), Ra"di*an*cy
(?), } n. The quality of being
radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; as, the
radiance of the sun.
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned.
Milton.
What radiancy of glory,
What light beyond compare !
Neale.
Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.
Ra"di*ant (?), a. [L.
radians, -antis, p. pr. of
radiare to emit rays or beams, fr. radius
ray: cf. F. radiant. See Radius, Ray
a divergent line.] 1. Emitting or proceeding
as from a center; [U.S.] rays; radiating;
radiate.
2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or
heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting
a vivid light or splendor; as, the radiant
sun.
Mark what radiant state she spreads.
Milton.
3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a
radiant face.
4. (Her.) Giving off rays; -- said of a
bearing; as, the sun radiant; a crown
radiant.
5. (Bot.) Having a raylike appearance,
as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; --
said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.
Radiant energy (Physics), energy
given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light
and radiant heat. -- Radiant heat, proceeding
in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the
manner of light, in distinction from heat conducted or
carried by intervening media. -- Radiant point.
(Astron.) See Radiant, n.,
3.
Ra"di*ant, n. 1. (Opt.)
The luminous point or object from which light emanates;
also, a body radiating light brightly.
2. (Geom.) A straight line proceeding
from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to
revolve.
3. (Astron.) The point in the heavens at
which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced
backward, or whence they appear to radiate.
Ra"di*ant*ly (?), adv. In a
radiant manner; with glittering splendor.
Ra"di*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
radiaire.] (Zo\'94l.) A
radiate. [Obs.]
\'d8Ra`di*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See
Radiate.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive
artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged
radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various
organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.
Ra"di*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Radiated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Radiating.] [L. radiatus, p.
p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or rays, to
radiate, fr. radius. See Radius, Ray
a divergent line.] 1. To emit rays; to be
radiant; to shine.
Virtues shine more clear
In them [kings], and radiant like the sun at noon.
Howell.
2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or
surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our
eyes.
Locke.
Ra"di*ate, v. t. 1. To emit or
send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to
radiate heat.
2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or
brightness on; to irradiate. [R.]
Ra"di*ate (?), a. [L.
radiatus, p. p.] 1. Having rays or
parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a
radiate crystal.
2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large
ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster,
daisy, etc.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Radiata.
Ra"di*ate, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Radiata.
Ra"di*a`ted (?), a. 1.
Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as,
radiated heat.
2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii;
having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common
center or axis; as, a radiated structure; a
radiated group of crystals.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Radiata.
Ra"di*ate*ly (?), adv. In a
radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.
Ra"di-ate-veined` (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the principal veins radiating, or
diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves
as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil
plant.
Ra`di*at"i*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the marginal florets enlarged and
radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the
cornflower,
Gray.
Ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [L.
radiatio: cf. F. radiation.]
1. The act of radiating, or the state of being
radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy
brightness.
2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or
surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the
radiation of heat.
Ra"di*a*tive (?), a. Capable of
radiating; acting by radiation.
Tyndall.
Ra"di*a`tor (?), n. That which
radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially,
that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated
or diffused; as, a stream radiator.
Rad"i*cal (?), a. [F., fr. L.
radicalis having roots, fr. radix,
-icis, a root. See Radix.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the
root.
2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin;
reaching to the center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources
to the principles, or the like: original; fundamental;
thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical
evils; radical reform; a radical
party.
The most determined exertions of that authority, against them,
only showed their radical independence.
Burke.
3. (Bot.) (a) Belonging to, or
proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical
tubers or hairs. (b) Proceeding from a
rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground;
as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the
sidesaddle flower.
4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to
the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a
radical verbal form.
5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix
or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical
sign. See below.
Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.)
See under Axis. -- Radical pitch,
the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable
begins. Rush. -- Radical quantity
(Alg.), a quantity to which the radical sign is
prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power
of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd. --
Radical sign (Math.), the sign r, the initial of
radix, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that
its root is to be extracted; thus, a, or
a + b). To indicate any other than the
square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus
a, indicates the third or cube root of
a. -- Radical stress
(Elocution), force of utterance falling on the
initial part of a syllable or sound. -- Radical
vessels (Anat.), minute vessels which
originate in the substance of the tissues.
Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived;
fundamental; entire. -- Radical,
Entire. These words are frequently employed as
interchangeable in describing some marked alternation in the
condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference
between them. A radical cure, reform, etc., is one
which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is
entire, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it
affects in a appropriate degree the entire body
nourished by the root; but it may not be entire in the
sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in
its extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a
radical improvement; radical differences of
opinion; while an entire change, an entire
improvement, an entire difference of opinion, might
indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be
both radical and entire, in every
sense.
Rad"i*cal (?), n. 1.
(Philol.) (a) A primitive word; a radix,
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.
(b) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to
the radix.
The words we at present make use of, and understand only by
common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding,
when you trace them to their radicals, where you find
every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning,
character, painting, and poetry.
Cleland.
2. (Politics) One who advocates radical
changes in government or social institutions, especially such
changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed
to conservative.
In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of
their own time. \'bdRoot-and-Branch men,\'b8 or, to use the
kindred phrase of our own, Radicals.
Macaulay.
3. (Chem.) (a) A
characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any
compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic
radicals, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid
radicals.
J. P. Cooke.
(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not
completely saturated, which are so linked that their union
implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as
playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a
compound radical. Cf. Residue.
4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under
Radical, a.
An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated
is not a radical but a rational quantity under a
radical form.
Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )
5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under
Radical, a.
Rad"i*cal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
radicalisme.] The quality or state of being
radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in
politics or social reform.
Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all
falsehoods and abuses.
F. W. Robertson.
Rad`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. 1.
Germinal principle; source; origination.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a
root in essential nature or principle.
Rad"i*cal*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root;
fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically
wrong or defective.
2. Without derivation; primitively;
essentially. [R.]
These great orbs thus radically bright.
Prior.
Rad"i*cal*ness, n. Quality or state of
being radical.
Rad"i*cant (?), a. [L.
radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant. See
Radicate, a.] (Bot.)
Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem,
as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.
Rad"i*cate (?), a. [L.
radicatus, p. p. of radicari to take root,
fr. radix. See Radix.]
Radicated.
Rad"i*cate (?), v. i. To take
root; to become rooted.
Evelyn.
Rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Radicated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Radicating.] To cause to take
root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.
Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us
the remembrance of God's goodness.
Barrow.
Rad"i*ca`ted (?), a.
Rooted; specifically: (a) (Bot.)
Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) Having rootlike organs
for attachment.
Rad`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
radication.] 1. The process of
taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the
radication of habits.
2. (Bot.) The disposition of the roots
of a plant.
Rad"i*cel (?), n. [Dim. of
radix.] (Bot.) A small branch of
a root; a rootlet.
Ra*dic`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L.
radix, -icis, root + flos,
floris, a flower.] (Bot.)
Rhizanthous.
Ra*dic"i*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the nature or appearance of a radix
or root.
Rad"i*cle (?), n. [L.
radicula, dim. of radix, -icis,
root: cf. F. radicule. See Radix.]
(Bot.) (a) The rudimentary stem of a
plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which
the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the
caulicle. (b) A rootlet; a radicel.
Ra*dic"u*lar (?), a. Of or
performance to roots, or the root of a plant.
Rad"i*cule (?), n. A
radicle.
Ra*dic"u*lose` (?), a.
(Bot.) Producing numerous radicles, or
rootlets.
Ra"di*i (?), n., pl.
of Radius.
Ra"di*o- (?). A combining form indicating
connection with, or relation to, a
radius or ray; specifically (Anat.),
with the radius of the forearm; as,
radio-ulnar, radiomuscular,
radiocarpal.
\'d8Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Radiate, and
Flagellata.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.
Ra"di*o*graph (?), n.
[Radio- + -graph.]
(Phys.) A picture produced by the R\'94ntgen rays
upon a sensitive surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially
a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays.<-- also
X-ray photo or X-ray -->
<-- p. 1184 -->
\'d8Ra`di*o*la"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Radioli.] (Zo\'94l.)
Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or
shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project
from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See
Polycystina.
Ra`di*o*la"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Radiolaria. -- n. One of the
Radiolaria.
\'d8Ra*di"o*li (?), n. pl.;
sing. Radiolus (/).
[NL., dim. of L. radius radius: cf. L.
radiolus a feeble sunbeam.]
(Zo\'94l.) The barbs of the radii of a feather;
barbules.
Ra"di*o*lite (?), n. [L.
radius ray + -lite: cf. F.
radiolithe.] (Paleon.) A
hippurite.
Ra`di*om"e*ter (?), n. [L.
radius radius + -meter: cf. F.
radiom\'8atre.] 1. (Naut.)
A forestaff.
2. (Physics) An instrument designed for
measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy.
Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter (?), n.
[Radio- + micrometer.]
(Physics) A very sensitive modification or
application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes
of radiant heat, or temperature.
Ra"di*o*phone (?), [Radio- +
Gr. / sound.] (Physics) An apparatus for
the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal
rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.
<-- 2. a telephone using radio waves -->
Ra`di*oph"o*ny (?), n.
(Physics) The art or practice of using the
radiophone.
Ra"di*ous (?), a. [L.
radiosus.] 1. Consisting of rays,
and light. [R.]
Berkeley.
2. Radiating; radiant. [Obs.]
G. Fletcher.
Rad"ish (?), n. [F.
radis; cf. It. radice, Pr.
raditz: all fr. L. radix, -icis,
a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E.
wort. See Wort, and cf. Eradicate,
Race a root, Radix.] (Bot.)
The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant
(Paphanus sativus); also, the whole plant.
Radish fly (Zo\'94l.), a small
two-winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose larv\'91
burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly. --
Rat-tailed radish (Bot.), an herb
(Raphanus caudatus) having a long, slender pod, which
is sometimes eaten. -- Wild radish
(Bot.), the jointed charlock.
Ra"di*us (?), n.; pl. L.
Radii (#); E. Radiuses
(#). [L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel,
radius, ray. See Ray a divergent line.]
1. (Geom.) A right line drawn or
extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the
semidiameter of a circle or sphere.
2. (Anat.) The preaxial bone of the
forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind
limb. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.
3. (Bot.) A ray, or outer floret, of the
capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See
Ray, 2.
4. pl. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The barbs of a perfect. (b) Radiating
organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.
5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular
instrument.
Knight.
Radius bar (Math.), a bar pivoted
at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end
attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular
arc. -- Radius of curvature. See under
Curvature.
\'d8Ra"di*us vec"tor (?). 1.
(Math.) A straight line (or the length of such
line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or
pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves
to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar
co\'94rdinates. See Co\'94rdinate, n.
2. (Astron.) An ideal straight line
joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body
describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a
planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.
Ra"dix (?), n.; pl.
Radices (#), E. Radixes
(#). [L. radix, -icis,
root. See Radish.] 1.
(Philol.) A primitive, from which spring other
words; a radical; a root; an etymon.
2. (Math.) (a) A number or
quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any
system; a base. Thus, 10 is the radix, or base, of
the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system
of numeration. (b) (Alg.) A
finite expression, from which a series is derived.
[R.]
Hutton.
3. (Bot.) The root of a plant.
\'d8Rad"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Radul\'91 (#). [L., a scraper, fr.
radere to scrape.] (Zo\'94l.)
The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; --
called also lingual ribbon, and
tongue. See Odontophore.
Ra*du"li*form (?), a. [L.
radula a scraper + -form.]
Rasplike; as, raduliform teeth.
Raff (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raffed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Raffing.]
[OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G.
raffen; akin to E. rap to snatch. See
Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to
tear.] To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to
take by a promiscuous sweep. [Obs.]
Causes and effects which I thus raff up
together.
Carew.
Raff, n. 1. A promiscuous heap;
a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse. \'bdA
raff of errors.\'b8
Barrow.
2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob;
-- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate,
riffraff.
3. A low fellow; a churl.
Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd
refuse. [Prov. Eng.]
Raf`fa*el*esque" (?), a.
Raphaelesque.
Raf"fi*a (?), n. (Bot.)
A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from
the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia.
J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Raf"fi*nose` (?), n. [F.
raffiner to refine.] (Chem.) A
colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the
molasses of the sugar beet.
Raff"ish (?), a. Resembling, or
having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.
A sad, raffish, disreputable character.
Thackeray.
Raf"fle (?), n. [F.
rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr.
rafter to carry or sweep away, rafler tout
to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. raffeln to
snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.]
1. A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay,
in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then
determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall
become the sole possessor.
2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike
won all the stakes. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Raf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Raffled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Raffling (?).] To
engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a
watch.
Raf"fle, v. t. To dispose of by means of
a raffle; -- often followed by off; as, to
raffle off a horse.
Raf"fler (?), n. One who
raffles.
\'d8Raf*fle"si*a (?), n. [NL.
Named from its discoverer, Sir S. Raffle/.]
(Bot.) A genus of stemless, leafless plants,
living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in
Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very
large, in one species (Rafflesia Arnoldi) having a
diameter of two or three feet.
Raft (?), obs. imp. & p.
p. of Reave.
Spenser.
Raft, n. [Originally, a rafter, spar,
and fr. Icel. raptr a rafter; akin to Dan.
raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf.
OHG. r\'befo, r\'bevo, a beam, rafter,
Icel. r\'bef roof. Cf. Rafter,
n.] 1. A collection of logs,
boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened, together, either
for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as
a support in conveying other things; a float.
2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such
as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which
obstructs navigation. [U.S.]
3. [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.]
A large collection of people or things taken
indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.] \'bdA whole
raft of folks.\'b8
W. D. Howells.
Raft bridge. (a) A bridge whose
points of support are rafts. (b) A bridge that
consists of floating timbers fastened together. -- Raft
duck. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense
flocks.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also flock
duck. See Scaup. (b) The
redhead. -- Raft port (Naut.), a
large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading
timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber
port.
Raft, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rafting.] To transport on a raft, or in
the form of a raft; to make into a raft; as, to raft
timber.
Raf"te (?), obs.
imp. of Reave.
Chaucer.
Raft"er (?), n. A
raftsman.
Raft"er, n. [AS. r\'91fter;
akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.]
(Arch.) Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy
piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof
which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the
roof. See Illust. of Queen-post.
[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,
With smoky rafters, than in tapestry halls.
Milton.
Raft"er, v. t. 1. To make into
rafters, as timber.
2. To furnish with rafters, as a house.
3. (Agric.) To plow so as to turn the
grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge.
[Eng.]
Raft"ing, n. The business of making or
managing rafts.
Rafts"man (?), n.; pl.
Raftsmen (/). A man engaged in
rafting.
Raf"ty (?), a. [Perhaps akin to
G. reif hoarfrost.] Damp; musty.
[Prov. Eng.]
Rag (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel.
r\'91gja to calumniate, OHG, ruogen to
accuse, G. r\'81gen to censure, AS.
wr, Goth. wr to
accuse.] To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to
torment; to banter. [Prov. Eng.]
Pegge.
Rag, n. [OE. ragge, probably
of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. r\'94gg rough hair. Cf.
Rug, n.] 1. A piece of
cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a
fragment.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed,
And fluttered into rags.
Milton.
Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover
the shame of their cruelty.
Fuller.
2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire;
worn-out dress.
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.
Dryden.
3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
The other zealous rag is the compositor.
B. Jonson.
Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and
rag.
Spenser.
4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock,
somewhat cellular in texture.
5. (Metal Working) A ragged edge.
6. A sail, or any piece of canvas.
[Nautical Slang]
Our ship was a clipper with every rag set.
Lowell.
Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank
to retain it in place. -- Rag carpet, a
carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of cloth sewed
together, end to end. -- Rag dust, fine
particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach\'82 and
wall papers. -- Rag wheel. (a) A
chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b) A polishing
wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.
-- Rag wool, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags
into fine bits, shoddy.
Rag (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Ragged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ragging (?).] To
become tattered. [Obs.]
Rag, v. t. 1. To break (ore)
into lumps for sorting.
2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.
{ Rag"a*bash` (?), Rag"a*brash`
(?), } n. An idle, ragged
person.
Nares. Grose.
Rag`a*muf"fin (?), n. [Cf.
Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some of the old
mysteries.] 1. A paltry or disreputable
fellow; a mean which.
Dryden.
2. A person who wears ragged clothing.
[Colloq.]
3. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed
titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Rage (?), n. [F., fr. L.
rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr.
rabh to seize, rabhas violence. Cf.
Rabid, Rabies, Rave.]
1. Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme
vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the
will. \'bdIn great rage of pain.\'b8
Bacon.
He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of
broken meat.
Macaulay.
Convulsed with a rage of grief.
Hawthorne.
2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving;
overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.
torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.
Milton.
3. A violent or raging wind.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. The subject of eager desire; that which is
sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive
passion; as, to be all the rage.
Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See
Anger.
Rage, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Raged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Raging (?).] [OF.
ragier. See Rage, n.]
1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to
fury; to be violently agitated with passion. \'bdWhereat he
inly raged.\'b8
Milton.
When one so great begins to rage, he a hunted
Even to falling.
Shak.
2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently
driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; as, the
raging sea or winds.
Why do the heathen rage ?
Ps. ii. 1.
The madding wheels
Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise.
Milton.
3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with
destruction or fatal effect; as, the plague raged in
Cairo.
4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.
Rage, v. t. To enrage.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Rage"ful (?), a. Full of rage;
expressing rage. [Obs.] \'bdRageful
eyes.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Ra"ger*y (?), n.
Wantonness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rag"ged (?), a. [From
Rag, n.] 1. Rent or worn
into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a
ragged coat; a ragged sail.
2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven;
rough; jagged; as, ragged rocks.
3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear;
dissonant. [R.] \'bdA ragged noise
of mirth.\'b8
Herbert.
4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a
ragged fellow.
5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.
What shepherd owns those ragged sheep ?
Dryden.
Ragged lady (Bot.), the fennel
flower (Nigella Damascena). -- Ragged
robin (Bot.), a plant of the genus
Lychnis (L. Flos-cuculi), cultivated for
its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow
lobes. -- Ragged sailor (Bot.),
prince's feather (Polygonum orientale). --
Ragged school, a free school for poor children,
where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first
because they came in their common clothing.
[Eng.]
-- Rag"ged*ly, adv. --
Rag"ged*ness, n.
{ Rag"gie (?), Rag"gy
}, a. Ragged; rough.
[Obs.] \'bdA stony and raggie hill.\'b8
Holland.
\'d8Ragh`u*van"sa (?), n. [Skr.
Raguva.] A celebrated
Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.
Ra"ging (?), a. & n. from
Rage, v. i. --
Ra"*ging*ly, adv.
Ra"gious (?), a. Raging;
furious; rageful. [Obs.] --
Ra"gious*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Rag"lan (?), n. A loose
overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord
Raglan, an English general.
Rag"man (?), n.; pl.
Ragmen (/). A man who collects,
or deals in, rags.
Rag"man, n. [See Ragman's
roll.] A document having many names or numerous
seals, as a papal bull. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Rag"man's roll` (?). [For ragman
roll a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where
ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the
devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr. ragr cowardly
(another form of argr, akin to AS. earg
cowardly, vile, G. arg bad) + menni (in
comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf.
Rigmarole.] The rolls of deeds on parchment
in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance
to Edward I. of England, A. D. 1296. [Also
written ragman-roll.]
Ra*gout" (?), n. [F.
rago\'96t, fr. rago\'96ter to restore one's
appetite, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to +
gustare to taste, gustus taste. See
Gust relish.] A dish made of pieces of meat,
stewed, and highly seasoned; as, a ragout of
mutton.
Rag"pick`er (?), n. One who
gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the
streets.
{ Ra*guled" (?), Rag*guled"
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
raguer to chafe, fret, rub, or E.
rag.] (Her.) Notched in regular
diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a bearing having such an
edge.
<-- p. 1185 -->
Rag"weed (?), n. (Bot.)
A common American composite weed (Ambrosia
artemisi\'91folia) with finely divided leaves;
hogweed.
Great ragweed, a coarse American herb
(Ambrosia trifida), with rough three-lobed opposite
leaves.
Rag"work` (?), n.
(Masonry) A kind of rubblework. In the United
States, any rubblework of thin and small stones.
Rag"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A name given to several species of the composite genus
Senecio.
Senecio aureus is the golden ragwort of
the United States: S. elegans is the purple ragwort of
South Africa.
\'d8Ra"ia (?), n. [L., a ray.
Cf. Ray the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of rays which includes the skates. See
Skate.
\'d8Ra"i\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Raia.] (Zo\'94l.) The order of
elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and
rays; -- called also Raj\'91, and
Rajii.
Raid (?), n. [Icel.
rei a riding, raid; akin to E. road.
See Road a way.] 1. A hostile or
predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted men; a
sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.
Marauding chief! his sole delight.
The moonlight raid, the morning fight.
Sir W. Scott.
There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation, and
occasional raids.
H. Spenser.
2. An attack or invasion for the purpose of making
arrests, seizing property, or plundering; as, a raid
of the police upon a gambling house; a raid of
contractors on the public treasury. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Raid, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Raided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raiding.] To make a raid upon or into;
as, two regiments raided the border
counties.
Raid"er (?), n. One who engages
in a raid. [U.S.]
Rail (?), n. [OE.
reil, re\'f4el, AS. hr\'91gel,
hr\'91gl a garment; akin to OHG. hregil,
OFries. hreil.] An outer cloak or covering;
a neckerchief for women.
Fairholt.
Rail, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To flow forth; to roll out; to course.
[Obs.]
Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth
railing.
Spenser.
Rail, n. [Akin to LG. & Sw.
regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a rail, bar, or
bolt, OHG, rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and
possibly to E. row a line.] 1. A
bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so,
extending from one post or support to another, as in fences,
balustrades, staircases, etc.
2. (Arch.) A horizontal piece in a frame
or paneling. See Illust. of Style.
3. (Railroad) A bar of steel or iron,
forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually
shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is held in place
by chairs, splices, etc.
4. (Naut.) (a) The stout,
narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.
(b) The light, fencelike structures of wood or
metal at the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such
protection is needed.
Rail fence. See under Fence. --
Rail guard. (a) A device attached to the
front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail
obstructions. (b) A guard rail. See under
Guard. -- Rail joint
(Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent ends
of rails, in distinction from a chair, which is merely
a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several
hundred varieties, the fish joint is standard. See
Fish joint, under Fish. -- Rail
train (Iron & Steel Manuf.), a train of
rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from
blooms or billets.
Rail, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Railed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Railing.] 1. To inclose with
rails or a railing.
It ought to be fenced in and railed.
Ayliffe.
2. To range in a line. [Obs.]
They were brought to London all railed in ropes,
like a team of horses in a cart.
Bacon.
Rail, n. [F. r\'83le, fr.
r\'83ler to have a rattling in the throat; of German
origin, and akin to E. rattle. See Rattle,
v.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of limicoline birds of the family
Rallid\'91, especially those of the genus
Rallus, and of closely allied genera. They are prized
as game birds.
Rallus
aquaticus) is called also bilcock,
skitty coot, and brook runner. The
best known American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh
hen (Rallus lonqirostris, var. crepitans);
the king, or red-breasted, rail (R. elegans) (called
also fresh-water marshhen); the lesser clapper, or
Virginia, rail (R. Virginianus); and the Carolina, or
sora, rail (Porzana Carolina). See
Sora.
Land rail (Zo\'94l.), the
corncrake.
Rail, v. i. [F. railler; cf.
Sp. rallar to grate, scrape, molest; perhaps fr.
(assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere to
scrape, grate. Cf. Rally to banter,
Rase.] To use insolent and reproachful
language; to utter reproaches; to scoff; followed by
at or against, formerly by
on.
Shak.
And rail at arts he did not understand.
Dryden.
Lesbia forever on me rails.
Swift.
Rail (?), v. t. 1. To
rail at. [Obs.]
Feltham.
2. To move or influence by railing.
[R.]
Rail the seal from off my bond.
Shak.
Rail"er (?), n. One who rails;
one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious
language.
Rail"ing, a. Expressing reproach;
insulting.
Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not
railing accusation against them.
2 Pet. ii. 11.
Rail"ing, n. 1. A barrier made
of a rail or of rails.
2. Rails in general; also, material for making
rails.
Rail"ing*ly, adv. With scoffing or
insulting language.
Rail"er*y (?; 277), n. [F.
raillerie, fr. railler. See Rail
to scoff.] Pleasantry or slight satire; banter;
jesting language; satirical merriment.
Let raillery be without malice or heat.
B. Jonson.
Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is
sufficient to turn them into raillery.
Addison.
\'d8Rail`leur" (?), n.
[F.] A banterer; a jester; a mocker.
[R.]
Wycherley.
{ Rail"road` (?), Rail"way`
(?), } n. 1. A road or
way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel
rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of
vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.
2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands,
buildings, rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them
and constituting one property; as, certain railroad
has been put into the hands of a receiver.
Railway is the commoner word in England;
railroad the commoner word in the United
States.
railroad and railway are used
interchangeably: --
Atmospheric railway, Elevated
railway, etc. See under Atmospheric,
Elevated, etc. -- Cable railway. See
Cable road, under Cable. -- Perry
railway, a submerged track on which an elevated
platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water
course. -- Gravity railway, a railway, in a
hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down gentle
slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep
inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines. --
Railway brake, a brake used in stopping railway
cars or locomotives. -- Railway car, a large,
heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a
railway. [U.S.] -- Railway carriage,
a railway passenger car. [Eng.] --
Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track
which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded
cars. -- Railway slide. See Transfer
table, under Transfer. -- Railway
spine (Med.), an abnormal condition due to
severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances
of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back,
impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the
symptoms often not developing till some months after the
injury. -- Underground railroad railway. (a) A railroad or railway
running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city.
(b) Formerly, a system of co\'94peration among
certain active antislavery people in the United States, by which
fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach Canada.
[In the latter sense railroad, and not
railway, was used.] \'bdTheir house was a
principal entrep\'93t of the underground
railroad.\'b8 W. D. Howells.
Rail"road`ing, n. The construction of a
railroad; the business of managing or operating a railroad.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Rai"ment (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
arraiment. See Array.] 1.
Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular
in form, with a collective sense.
Living, both food and raiment she supplies.
Dryden.
2. An article of dress. [R. or
Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Rain (?), n. & v. Reign.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Rain (?), n. [OF.
rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries.
rein, D. & G. regen, OS. & OHG.
regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth.
rign, and prob. to L. rigare to water, to
wet; cf. Gr. / to wet, to rain.] Water falling in
drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in
drops.
Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into
very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the
cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.
Ray.
Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain.
Milton.
Rain is distinguished from
mist by the size of the drops, which are distinctly
visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, it is
called mist; and fog is composed of
particles so fine as to be not only individually
indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air. See
Fog, and Mist.
Rain band (Meteorol.), a dark band
in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the sodium line,
caused by the presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and
hence sometimes used in weather predictions. -- Rain
bird (Zo\'94l.), the yaffle, or green
woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] The name is also applied to
various other birds, as to Saurothera vetula of the
West Indies. -- Rain fowl (Zo\'94l.),
the channel-bill cuckoo (Scythrops
Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) of Australia. -- Rain
gauge, an instrument of various forms measuring the
quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a
pluviometer; an ombrometer. -- Rain goose
(Zo\'94l.), the red-throated diver, or loon.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Rain prints
(Geol.), markings on the surfaces of stratified
rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on
mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced. --
Rain quail. (Zo\'94l.) See
Quail, n., 1. -- Rain water,
water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.
Rain, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Raining.] [AS. regnian, akin
to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan. See
Rain, n.] 1. To fall in
drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with it
for a nominative; as, it rains.
The rain it raineth every day.
Shak.
2. To fall or drop like water from the clouds;
as, tears rained from their eyes.
Rain (?), v. t. 1. To
pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.
Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain
bread from heaven for you.
Ex. xvi. 4.
2. To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner;
as, to rain favors upon a person.
Rain"bow` (?), n. [AS.
regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen. See
Rain, and Bow anything bent,] A bow
or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colors of
the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite
to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in
drops of falling rain.
primary
rainbow, which is formed by two refractions and one
reflection, there is also another often seen exterior to it,
called the secondary rainbow, concentric with the
first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by
two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the
primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order
from those of the latter.
Lunar rainbow, a fainter arch or rainbow,
formed by the moon. -- Marine rainbow, Sea bow, a similar bow seen in the spray of
waves at sea. -- Rainbow trout
(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored trout
(Salmoirideus), native of the mountains of California,
but now extensively introduced into the Eastern States. Japan,
and other countries; -- called also brook
trout, mountain trout, and
golden trout. -- Rainbow
wrasse. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Wrasse. -- Supernumerary rainbow, a
smaller bow, usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen
within the primary or without the secondary rainbow, and in
contact with them.
Rain"bowed` (?), a. Formed with
or like a rainbow.
Rain"deer` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Reindeer.
[Obs.]
Rain"drop` (?), n. A drop of
rain.
Rain"fall` (?), n. A fall or
descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that falls in
rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a
region.
Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of
Sinchul and Singaleleh.
Hooker.
Rain"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being rainy.
Rain"less, a. Destitute of rain; as,
a rainless region.
Rain"-tight` (?), a. So tight
as to exclude rain as, a rain-tight roof.
Rain"y (?), a. [AS.
regenig.] Abounding with rain; wet;
showery; as, rainy day or season.
Raip (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
reip rope. Cf. Rope.] A rope;
also, a measure equal to a rod. [Scot.]
Rais (?), n. Same as 2d
Reis.
Rais"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being raised.
Raise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raised (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Raising.]
[OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of
r\'c6sa to rise. See Rise, and cf.
Rear to raise.]
1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a
higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to
raise a stone or weight. Hence, figuratively:
--
(a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to
elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or
estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance;
as, to raise from a low estate; to raise to
office; to raise the price, and the like.
This gentleman came to be raised to great
titles.
Clarendon.
The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence
in the piece.
Sir W. Temple.
(b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence
of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as,
to raise the pulse; to raise the voice; to
raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the
heat of a furnace.
(c) To elevate in degree according to some scale;
as, to raise the pitch of the voice; to
raise the temperature of a room.
2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position
or posture; to set up; to make upright; as, to raise
a mast or flagstaff. Hence: --
(a) To cause to spring up from recumbent position,
from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse.
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their
sleep.
Job xiv. 12.
(b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to
tumult, struggle, or war; to excite.
He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind.
Ps. cvii. 25.
\'92neas . . . employs his pains,
In parts remote, to raise the Tuscan swains.
Dryden.
(c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up,
as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to
give life to.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God
should raise the dead ?
Acts xxvi. 8.
3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being
or to appear; to give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect,
or the like. Hence, specifically: --
(a) To form by the accumulation of materials or
constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to raise
a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones.
I will raise forts against thee.
Isa. xxxix. 3.
(b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get
together or obtain for use or service; as, to raise
money, troops, and the like. \'bdTo raise
up a rent.\'b8
Chaucer.
(c) To cause to grow; to procure to be produced,
bred, or propagated; to grow; as, to raise corn,
barley, hops, etc.; toraise cattle. \'bdHe
raised sheep.\'b8 \'bdHe raised wheat
where none grew before.\'b8
Johnson's Dict.
<-- p. 1186 -->
raise in also commonly applied to the
rearing or bringing up of children.
I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the
mountains of the North.
Paulding.
(d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to
arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with up.
I will raise them up a prophet from among their
brethren, like unto thee.
Deut. xviii. 18.
God vouchsafes to raise another world
From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.
Milton.
(e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to
start; to originate; as, to raise a smile or a
blush.
Thou shalt not raise a false report.
Ex. xxiii. 1.
(f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to
strike up.
Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry.
Dryden.
(g) To bring to notice; to submit for
consideration; as, to raise a point of order; to
raise an objection.
4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to
make light and spongy, as bread.
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste.
Spectator.
5. (Naut.) (a) To cause (the
land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it;
as, to raise Sandy Hook light.
(b) To let go; as in the command,
Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let go tacks and
sheets.
6. (Law) To create or constitute;
as, to raise a use that is, to create it.
Burrill.
To raise a blockade (Mil.), to
remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or
forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or
dispersing them. -- To raise a check,
note, bill of exchange, etc., to
increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing,
figures, or printing in which the sum payable is
specified.<-- or money order --> -- To raise a
siege, to relinquish an attempt to take a place by
besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished. --
To raise steam, to produce steam of a required
pressure. -- To raise the wind, to procure
ready money by some temporary expedient.
[Colloq.] -- To raise Cain, To raise the devil, to cause a great
disturbance; to make great trouble.
[Slang]
Syn. -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause;
produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.
Raised (?), a. 1.
Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as,
raised or embossed metal work.
2. Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of
bread, cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of
tartar, soda, etc. See Raise, v. t.,
4.
Raised beach. See under Beach,
n.
Rais"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, raises (in various senses of the verb).
Rai"sin (?), n. [F.
raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus cluster of
grapes or berries; cf. Gr. /, /, berry, grape. Cf.
Raceme.] 1. A grape, or a bunch of
grapes. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial
heat.
Raisin tree (Bot.), the common red
currant, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth
called currants. [Eng.]
Dp. Prior.
Rais"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting,
producing, or restoring to life.
2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting
up the frame of a building; as, to help at a
raising. [U.S.]<-- e.g., barn
raising -->
3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of
forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering,
stamping, or spinning.
Raising bee, a bee for raising the frame of a
building. See Bee, n., 2. [U.S.]
W. Irving. -- Raising hammer, a
hammer with a rounded face, used in raising sheet metal. --
Raising plate (Carp.), the plate, or
longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and
rests.
\'d8Rai`son`n\'82" (?), a. [F.
raisonn\'82. p. p. of raisonner to
reason.] Arranged systematically, or according to
classes or subjects; as, a catalogue
raisonn\'82. See under Catalogue.
Rai"vel (?), n. (Weaving)
A separator. [Scot.]
\'d8Raj (?), n. [See
Rajah.] Reign; rule.
[India]
\'d8Ra"ja (?), n. Same as
Rajah.
Ra"jah (?), n. [Hind.
r\'bej\'be, Skr. r\'bejan, akin to L.
rex, regis. See Regal,
a.] A native prince or king; also, a
landholder or person of importance in the agricultural
districts. [India]
Ra"jah*ship, n. The office or dignity of
a rajah.
{ \'d8Raj`poot", \'d8Raj`put" }
(?), n. [Hind.
r\'bej-p, Skr. r\'beja-putra king's
son.] A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military,
caste; a Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of
Rajpootana, in northern central India.
Rake (?), n. [AS.
race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek,
OHG, rehho, G. rechen, Icel,
reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to heap
up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. / to stretch out, and E.
rack to stretch. Cf. Reckon.]
1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having
teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for
collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a
large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth.
2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for
collecting hay or grain; a horserake.
3. [Perhaps a different word.]
(Mining) A fissure or mineral vein traversing the
strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also
rake-vein.
Gill rakes. (Anat.) See under 1st
Gill.
Rake, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Raked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raking.] [AS. racian. See
1st Rake.] 1. To collect with a
rake; as, to rake hay; -- often with
up; as, he raked up the fallen
leaves.
2. Hence: To collect or draw together with
laborious industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape
together; as, to rake together wealth; to
rake together slanderous tales; to rake
together the rabble of a town.
3. To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a
rake for the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or
for stirring up the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to
rake a flower bed.
4. To search through; to scour; to ransack.
The statesman rakes the town to find a plot.
Swift.
5. To scrape or scratch across; to pass over
quickly and lightly, as a rake does.
Like clouds that rake the mountain summits.
Wordsworth.
6. (Mil.) To enfilade; to fire in a
direction with the length of; in naval engagements, to cannonade,
as a ship, on the stern or head so that the balls range the whole
length of the deck.
To rake up. (a) To collect together,
as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes. (b)
To bring up; to search out an bring to notice again; as,
to rake up old scandals.
Rake (?), v. i. 1. To
use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to
search minutely.
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated
words.
Dryden.
2. To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape
along.
Pas could not stay, but over him did rake.
Sir P. Sidney.
Rake, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. raka
to reach, and E. reach.] To inclination of
anything from a perpendicular direction; as, the
rake of a roof, a staircase, etc.; especially
(Naut., the inclination of a mast or
tunnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular
to the keel.
Rake, v. i. To incline from a
perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes
aft.
Raking course (Bricklaying), a
course of bricks laid diagonally between the face courses in a
thick wall, to strengthen.
Rake, n. [OE. rakel rash; cf.
Icel. reikall wandering, unsettled, reika
to wander.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person
addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a
rou\'82.
Am illiterate and frivolous old rake.
Macaulay.
Rake, v. i. 1. [Icel.
reika. Cf. Rake a debauchee.] To
walk about; to gad or ramble idly. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. [See Rake a debauchee.] To
act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.
Shenstone.
To rake out (Falconry), to fly too
far and wide from its master while hovering above waiting till
the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.
Encyc. Brit.
Rake"hell` (?), n. [See
Rakel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow; a
debauchee; a rake.
It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and
a rakehell do not go together.
Barrow.
{ Rake"hell`, Rake"hell`y, }
a. Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish.
[Obs.]
Spenser. B. Jonson.
Ra"kel (?), a. [OE. See
Rake a debauchee.] Hasty; reckless;
rash. [Obs.] Chaucer. --
Ra"kel*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rak"er (?), n. [See 1st
Rake.] 1. One who, or that which,
rakes; as: (a) A person who uses a
rake. (b) A machine for raking grain or hay
by horse or other power. (c) A gun so placed
as to rake an enemy's ship.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Gill
rakers, under 1st Gill.
Rak"er*y (?), n. Debauchery;
lewdness.
The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town.
R. North.
Rake"shame` (?), n. [Cf.
Rakehell, Ragabash.] A vile,
dissolute wretch. [Obs.]
Milton.
Rake"stale` (?), n.
[Rake the instrument + stale a
handle.] The handle of a rake.
That tale is not worth a rakestele.
Chaucer.
Rake"-vein` (?), n. See
Rake, a mineral vein.
Rak"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a
rake.
2. A space gone over with a rake; also, the work
done, or the quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going
once over a space with a rake.
Rak"ish, a. Dissolute; lewd;
debauched.
The arduous task of converting a rakish lover.
Macaulay.
Rak"ish, a. (Naut.) Having a
saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Rak"ish*ly, adv. In a rakish
manner.
Rak"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rakish.
\'d8Ra"ku ware` (?). A kind of earthenware
made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler
color.
\'d8R\'83le (?), n. [F.
r\'83le. Cf. Rail the bird.]
(Med.) An adventitious sound, usually of morbid
origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See
Rhonchus.
\'d8Ral"len*tan"do (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Slackening; -- a
direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time
and force; ritardando.
Ral"li*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF.
raliance. See Rally to reunite.]
The act of rallying.
Rail"li*er (?), n. One who
rallies.
Ral"line (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the rails.
Ral"ly (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rallied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rallying.] [OF. ralier, F.
rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad +
ligare to bind. See Ra-, and 1st
Ally.] To collect, and reduce to order, as
troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to
reunite.
Ral"ly, v. i. 1. To come into
orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops
scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.
The Grecians rally, and their powers unite.
Dryden.
Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to
rally together, and to form themselves into this new
world.
Tillotson.
2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to
regain health or consciousness; to recuperate.
3. To recover strength after a decline in prices;
-- said of the market, stocks, etc.
Ral"ly, n.; pl. Rallies
(/). 1. The act or process of
rallying (in any of the senses of that word).
2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq.
U. S.]
Ral"ly, v. t. [F. railler.
See Rail to scoff.] To attack with raillery,
either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or
satire.
Honeycomb . . . raillies me upon a country
life.
Addison.
Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain.
Which gay Corinna rallied with disdain.
Gay.
Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.
Ral"ly (?), v. i. To use
pleasantry, or satirical merriment.
Ral"ly, n. Good-humored raillery.
Ralph (?), n. A name sometimes
given to the raven.
Ral"ston*ite (?), n. [So named
after J. G. Ralston of Norristown, Penn.]
(Min.) A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring
with the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals.
Ram (?), n. [AS.
ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D.
ram, Prov. G. ramm, and perh. to Icel.
ramr strong.] 1. The male of the
sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is
called a tup.
2. (Astron.) (a) Aries, the
sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of
March. (b) The constellation Aries, which
does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same
name.
3. An engine of war used for butting or
battering. Specifically: (a) In ancient
warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used
for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram.
(b) A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow
of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of
an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak.
4. A hydraulic ram. See under
Hydraulic.
5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile
driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like.
6. The plunger of a hydraulic press.
Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A
low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch.
[Written also ramshorn.]
Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An
ammonite.
Ram, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramming.] 1. To butt or strike
against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive
with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as,
to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles,
cartridges, etc.
[They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks,
socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins.
Shak.
2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving.
A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and
rammed to make the foundation solid.
Arbuthnot.
\'d8Ram`a*dan" (?), n. [Ar.
ramad\'ben, or ramaz\'ben, properly, the
hot month.] [Written also Ramadhan,
Ramadzan, and Rhamadan.]
1. The ninth Mohammedan month.
2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept
during daylight through the ninth month.
Ram"age (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L.
ramus a branch.] 1. Boughs or
branches. [Obs.]
Crabb.
2. Warbling of birds in trees.
[Obs.]
Drummond.
Ra*mage" (?), a. Wild;
untamed. [Obs.]
Ra*ma"gi*ous (?), a. Wild; not
tame. [Obs.]
Now is he tame that was so ramagious.
Remedy of Love.
Ra"mal (?), a. [L.
ramus branch.] Of or pertaining to a ramus,
or branch; rameal.
\'d8Ra*ma"ya*na (?), n. [Skr.
R\'bem\'beyana.] The more ancient of the
two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama
and his wife Sita.
Ram"berge (?), n. [F., fr.
rame oar + barge barge.]
Formerly, a kind of large war galley.
Ram"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rambled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rambling
(?).] [For rammle, fr. Prov.
E. rame to roam. Cf. Roam.] 1.
To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any
determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to
rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to
ramble over the world.
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect
darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down
as a bubble by the wind?
Locke.
2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless
way.
3. To extend or grow at random.
Thomson.
Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.
Ram"ble, n. 1. A going or
moving from place to place without any determinate business or
object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.
Coming home, after a short Christians ramble.
Swift.
2. [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal
Mining) A bed of shale over the seam.
Raymond.
<-- 3. A section of woods suitable for liesurely walking.
muskrat ramble -- a dance -->
Ram"bler (?), n. One who
rambles; a rover; a wanderer.
Ram"bling (?), a. Roving;
wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk,
or building.
Ram"bling*ly, adv. In a rambling
manner.
Ram"booze (?), n. A beverage
made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Ram*bu"tan (?), n. [Malay
ramb, fr. rambut hair of the
head.] (Bot.) A Malayan fruit produced by
the tree Nephelium lappaceum, and closely related to
the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, covered with
coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant acid
pulp. Called also ramboostan.
Ra"me*al (?), a. Same as
Ramal.
Gray.
Ra"me*an (?), n. A
Ramist.
Shipley.
Ramed (?), a. Having the
frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a ship on the
stocks.
Ram"ee (?), n. (Bot.)
See Ramie.
Ram"e*kin (?), n. See
Ramequin. [Obs.]
Ram"ent (?), n. [L.
ramenta, pl.] 1. A scraping; a
shaving. [Obs.]
\'d8Ra*men"ta (?), n. pl. [L.,
scrapings.] (Bot.) Thin brownish chaffy
scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially
upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.
Gray.
<-- p. 1187 -->
Ram`en*ta"ceous (?), a
(Bot.) Covered with ramenta.
Ra"me*ous (?), a [L.
rameus, from ramus branch, bough.]
(Bot.) Ramal.
Ram"e*quin (?), n. [F.]
(Cookery) A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed
in a mold, or served on bread. [Written also
ramekin.]
Ram"ie (?), n. [From
Malay.] (Bot.) The grasscloth plant
(B); also, its fiber, which is very
fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also China
grass, and rhea. See
Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.
Ram`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. ramification. See Ramify.]
1. The process of branching, or the development or
offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.
2. A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a
main stock or channel; as, the ramifications of an
artery, vein, or nerve.
3. A division into principal and subordinate
classes, heads, or departments; also, one of the subordinate
parts; as, the ramifications a subject or
scheme.
4. The production of branchlike figures.
Crabb.
Ram`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L.
ramus branch + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.) Flowering on the
branches.
Ram"i*form, a. [L. ramus
branch + -form.] (Bot.) Having
the form of a branch.
Ram"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ramified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ramifying
(?).] [F. ramifier, LL.
ramificare, fr. L. ramus a branch +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
To divide into branches or subdivisions; as, to
ramify an art, subject, scheme.
Ram"i*fy, v. i. 1. To shoot, or
divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a
plant.
When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to
ramify.
Arbuthnot.
2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main
subject.
Ra*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
ramus a branch + -gerous.]
(Bot.) Bearing branches; branched.
Ra*mip"a*rous (?), a. [L.
ramus + parere to bear.] (Bot.)
Producing branches; ramigerous.
Ra"mist (?), n. A follower of
Pierre Ram\'82, better known as Ramus, a
celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and
philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the
Aristotelians.
Ram"line (?), n. A line used to
get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or from stem to stern
in building a vessel.
Ram"mel (?), n. Refuse
matter. [Obs.]
Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken
stones.
Holland.
Ram"mer (?), n. One who, or
that which, rams or drives. Specifically: (a)
An instrument for driving anything force; as, a
rammer for driving stones or piles, or for beating the
earth to more solidity. (b) A rod for
forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod. (c)
(Founding) An implement for pounding the sand of
a mold to render it compact.
Ram"mish (?), a. Like a ram;
hence, rank; lascivious. \'bdTheir savor is so
rammish.\'b8
Chaucer.
Ram"mish*ness, n. The quality of being
rammish.
Ram"my (?), a. Like a ram;
rammish.
Burton.
Ram`ol*les"cence (?), n. [F.
ramollir to make soft, to soften; pref. re-
re- + amollir to soften; a (L.
ad) + mollir to soften, L.
mollire, fr. mollis soft.] A
softening or mollifying. [R.]
Ra*moon" (?), n. (Bot.)
A small West Indian tree (Trophis Americana) of
the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder
for cattle.
Ra*mose" (?), a. [L.
ramosus, from ramus a branch.]
Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral
divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches;
ramifying; branching; branchy.
Ra"mous (?), a. Ramose.
Ramp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ramped (?;
215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramping.] [F. ramper to
creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. raffen
to snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See Rap to snatch,
and cf. Romp.]
1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to
prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.
2. To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move
swiftly or with violence.
Their bridles they would champ,
And trampling the fine element would fiercely
ramp.
Spenser.
3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.
With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . .
and so ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great
height.
Ray.
Ramp, n. 1. A leap; a spring; a
hostile advance.
The bold Ascalonite
Fled from his lion ramp.
Milton.
2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov.
Eng.]
3. A romping woman; a prostitute.
[Obs.]
Lyly.
4. [F. rampe.] (Arch.)
(a) Any sloping member, other than a purely
constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a
staircase. (b) A short bend, slope, or curve,
where a hand rail or cap changes its direction.
5. [F. rampe.] (Fort.)
An inclined plane serving as a communication between
different interior levels.
Ram*pa"cious (?), a.
High-spirited; rampageous. [Slang]
Dickens.
Ramp"age (?), n. [See
Ramp, v.] Violent or riotous
behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; as,
to be on the rampage. [Prov. or
Low.]
Dickens.
Ramp"age, v. i. To leap or prance about,
as an animal; to be violent; to rage. [Prov. or
Low]
Ram*pa"geous (?), a.
Characterized by violence and passion; unruly;
rampant. [Prov. or Low]
In the primitive ages of a rampageous
antiquity.
Galt.
Ram*pal"lian (?), n. [Cf.
ramp a prostitute, or rabble.] A
mean wretch. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ramp"an*cy (?), n. The quality
or state of being rampant; excessive action or development;
exuberance; extravagance. \'bdThey are come to this height
and rampancy of vice.\'b8
South.
Ramp"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of
ramper to creep. See Ramp,
v.] 1. Ramping; leaping; springing;
rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; furious.
The fierce lion in his kind
Which goeth rampant after his prey.
Gower.
[The] lion . . . rampant shakes his brinded
mane.
Milton.
2. Ascending; climbing; rank in growth;
exuberant.
The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude.
I. Taylor.
3. (Her.) Rising with fore paws in the
air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a
lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised
higher than the left.
Rampant arch. (a) An arch which has
one abutment higher than the other. (b) Same as
Rampant vault, below. -- Rampant
gardant (Her.), rampant, but with the face
turned to the front. -- Rampant regardant,
rampant, but looking backward. -- Rampant
vault (Arch.), a continuous wagon vault, or
cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined
planed plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming
the ceiling of a stairway.
Ramp"ant*ly, adv. In a rampant
manner.
Ram"part (?), n. [F.
rempart, OF. rempar, fr.
remparer to fortify, se remparer to fence
or intrench one's self; re- re- pref. + pref.
en- (L. in) + parer to defend,
parry, prepare, L. parare to prepape. See
Pare.]
1. That which fortifies and defends from assault;
that which secures safety; a defense or bulwark.
2. (Fort.) A broad embankment of earth
round a place, upon which the parapet is raised. It forms the
substratum of every permanent fortification.
Mahan.
Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard. --
Rampart, Bulwark. These words were formerly
interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has sprung up
between them. The rampart of a fortified place is the
enceinte or main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term
bulwark is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks
which project for the defense of the rampart, or main
work. A single bastion is a bulwark. In using these
words figuratively, rampart is properly applied to
that which protects by walling out; bulwark to that
which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it.
Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the
bulwark, not the rampart, of the state.
This distinction, however, is often disregarded.
Ram"part, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ramparted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramparting.] To surround or protect
with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.
Those grassy hills, those glittering dells,
Proudly ramparted with rocks.
Coleridge.
Rampart gun (Fort.), a cannon or
large gun for use on a rampart and not as a fieldpiece.
Rampe (?), n. [In allusion to
its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See Ramp.]
(Bot.) The cuckoopint.
Ram"pier (?), n. See
Rampart. [Obs.]
Ram"pi*on (?), n. [Cf. F.
raiponce, Sp. ruiponce,
reponche, L. raperonzo, NL.
rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a
turnip, rape. Cf. Rape a plant.] (Bot.)
A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower
family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called
ramps.
Phyteuma, herds of the Bellflower family, and to the
American evening primrose (Enothera biennis), which
has run wild in some parts of Europe.
Ram"pire (?), n. A
rampart. [Archaic]
The Trojans round the place a rampire cast.
Dryden.
Ram"pire, v. t. To fortify with a
rampire; to form into a rampire. [Archaic]
Chapman. \'bdRampired walls of gold.\'b8
R. Browning.
Ram"pler (?), n. A
rambler.
Ram"pler, a. Roving; rambling.
[Scot.]
Ram"rod` (?), n. The rod used
in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.
Ram"shac*kle (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out
of repair.
There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his
ramshackle coach.
Thackeray.
Ram"shac*kle, v. t. To search or
ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.]
Ram"son (?), n. [AS.
hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw.
rams, ramsl\'94k; cf. Gr. / onion.]
(Bot.) A broad-leaved species of garlic
(Allium ursinum), common in European gardens; --
called also buckram.
Ram"sted (?), n. (Bot.)
A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who
introduced it into Pennsylvania. See Toad flax. Called
also Ramsted weed.
Ram"u*lose` (?), a. [L.
ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of
ramus a branch.] (Nat. Hist.)
Having many small branches, or ramuli.
Ram"u*lous (?), a. (Nat.
Hist.) Ramulose.
\'d8Ram"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Ramuli (/). (Zo\'94l.)
A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and
similar organisms.
\'d8Ra"mus (?), n.; pl.
Rami (/). (Nat. Hist.)
A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a
ramification.
Ra*mus"cule (?), n. [L.
ramusculus.] (Nat. Hist.) A
small ramus, or branch.
Ran (?), imp. of
Run.
Ran, n. [As. r\'ben.]
Open robbery. [Obs.]
Lambarde.
Ran, n. (Naut.) Yarns coiled
on a spun-yarn winch.
\'d8Ra"na (?), n. [L., a
frog.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of anurous
batrachians, including the common frogs.
Ra"nal (?), a. (Bot.)
Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants.
Ranal alliance (Bot.), a name
proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including
Ranunculace\'91, Magnoliace\'91, Papaverace\'91, and others
related to them.
Rance (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] 1. A prop or shore.
[Scot.]
2. A round between the legs of a chair.<-- =
spreader -->
Ran*ces"cent (?), a. [L.
rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v. incho.
from rancere to be rancid.] Becoming rancid
or sour.
Ranch (?), v. t. [Written
also raunch.] [Cf.
Wrench.] To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to
injure by violent straining or contortion.
[R.] Dryden. \'bdHasting to
raunch the arrow out.\'b8
Spenser.
Ranch, n. [See Rancho.]
A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses,
cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U.
S.]
\'d8Ran*che"ro (?), n.; pl.
Rancheros (#). [Sp.]
[Mexico & Western U. S.] 1. A
herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.
2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or
rancho.
Ranch"man (?), n.; pl.
Ranchmen (#) An owner or occupant of, or
laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman. [Western U.
S.]
\'d8Ran"cho (?), n.; pl.
Ranchos (#). [Sp., properly, a
mess, mess room. Cf. 2d Ranch.] 1. A
rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where
herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.
2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are
raised; -- distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated
farm or plantation. [Mexico & California]
Bartlett.
Ran"cid (?), a. [L.
rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or
rank.] Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical
change or decomposition; musty; as, rancid oil or
butter.
Ran*cid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
rancidit\'82.] The quality or state of
being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil.
Ure.
Ran"cid*ly (?), adv. In a
rancid manner.
Ran"cid*ness, n. The quality of being
rancid.
Ran"cor (?), n. [Written also
rancour.] [OE. rancour, OF.
rancor, rancur, F. rancune, fr.
L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old
grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or
rancid.] The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated
enmity or malice; inveterate hatred. \'bdTo stint
rancour and dissencioun.\'b8
Chaucer.
It would not be easy to conceive the passion,
rancor, and malice of their tongues and hearts.
Burke.
Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge;
animosity; malignity. -- Rancor,
Enmity. Enmity and rancor both
describe hostile feelings; but enmity may be generous
and open, while rancor implies personal malice of the
worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our
language to express hostile feelings.
Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face
I see thy fury.
Shak.
Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon
the possessor.
Cogan.
Ran"cor*ous (?), a. [OF.
rancuros.] Full of rancor; evincing, or
caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or
malicious; intensely virulent.
So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire.
Spenser.
Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv. In a rancorous
manner.
Rand (?), n. [AS.
rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G.
rand, Icel. r\'94nd, and probably to E.
rind.]
1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the
flank or leg; a sort of steak.
Beau. & Fl.
3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling
slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the
heel.
Rand, v. i. [See Rant.]
To rant; to storm. [Obs.]
I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed.
J. Webster.
Ran"dall grass` (?). (Bot.) The
meadow fescue (Festuca elatior). See under
Grass.
Ran"dan (?), n. The product of
a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran.
[Prov. Eng.]
Ran"dan, n. A boat propelled by three
rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.
Rand"ing (?), n. 1.
(Shoemaking) The act or process of making and
applying rands for shoes.
2. (Mil.) A kind of basket work used in
gabions.
Ran"dom (?), n. [OE.
randon, OF. randon force, violence,
rapidity, a randon, de randon, violently,
suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. rand
edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield, akin
to E. rand, n. See Rand,
n.] 1. Force; violence.
[Obs.]
For courageously the two kings newly fought with great
random and force.
E. Hall.
2. A roving motion; course without definite
direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; --
commonly used in the phrase at random, that is,
without a settled point of direction; at hazard.
Counsels, when they fly
At random, sometimes hit most happily.
Herrick.
O, many a shaft, at random sent,
Finds mark the archer little meant !
Sir W. Scott.
3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range;
reach; as, the random of a rifle ball.
Sir K. Digby.
4. (Mining) The direction of a
rake-vein.
Raymond.
Ran"dom, a. Going at random or by
chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction,
aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to
chance; haphazard; as, a random guess.
Some random truths he can impart.
Wordsworth.
So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the
random.
H. Spencer.
Random courses (Masonry), courses
of unequal thickness. -- Random shot, a shot
not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot
with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- Random
work (Masonry), stonework consisting of
stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor
always with flat beds.
<-- p. 1188 -->
Ran"dom*ly (?), adv. In a
random manner.
Ran"don (?), n. Random.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ran"don, v. i. To go or stray at
random. [Obs.]
Rane"deer` (?), n. See
Reindeer. [Obs.]
\'d8Ra"nee (?), n. Same as
Rani.
Ran"force` (?), n. [Cf. F.
renforcer.] See
Re. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Rang (?), imp. of
Ring, v. t. & i.
Range (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ranged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ranging
(?).] [OE. rengen, OF.
rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc
row, rank, F. rang; of German origin. See
Rane, n.] 1. To set in a
row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in
ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; as, to
range soldiers in line.
Maccabeus ranged his army by hands.
2 Macc. xii. 20.
2. To place (as a single individual) among others
in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually,
reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause,
to join a party, etc.
It would be absurd in me to range myself on the
side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.
Burke.
3. To separate into parts; to sift.
[Obs.]
Holland.
4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic
order; to arrange regularly; as, to range plants and
animals in genera and species.
5. To rove over or through; as, to
range the fields.
Teach him to range the ditch, and force the
brake.
Gay.
6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or
near; as, to range the coast.
ranger une c\'93te.
7. (Biol.) To be native to, or to live
in; to frequent.
Range, v. i. 1. To rove at
large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam.
Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he
sees.
Burton.
2. To have range; to change or differ within
limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being
projected, especially as to horizontal distance; as, the
temperature ranged through seventy degrees Fahrenheit;
the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged
four miles.
3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of
arrangement or classification; to rank.
And range with humble livers in content.
Shak.
4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in
direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or
run; -- often followed by with; as, the front of a
house ranges with the street; to range along
the coast.
Which way the forests range.
Dryden.
5. (Biol.) To be native to, or live in,
a certain district or region; as, the peba ranges
from Texas to Paraguay.
Syn. -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.
Range, n. [From Range,
v.: cf. F. rang\'82e.] 1.
A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a
range of buildings; a range of
mountains.
2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or
degree; an order; a class.
The next range of beings above him are the
immaterial intelligences.
Sir M. Hale.
3. The step of a ladder; a rung.
Clarendon.
4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.]
He was bid at his first coming to take off the
range, and let down the cinders.
L'Estrange.
5. Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set
in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways /
cooking; also, a kind of cooking stove.
6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]
7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an
excursion; a ramble; an expedition.
He may take a range all the world over.
South.
8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for
excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or
sheep may wander and pasture.
9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive;
compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; as,
the range of one's voice, or authority.
Far as creation's ample range extends.
Pope.
The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled
the whole circle of the arts.
Bp. Fell.
A man has not enough range of thought.
Addison.
10. (Biol.) The region within which a
plant or animal naturally lives.
11. (Gun.) (a) The horizontal
distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried.
(b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a
shot or projectile. (c) A place where
shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.
12. In the public land system of the United States,
a row or line of townships lying between two succession meridian
lines six miles apart.
range 7, W.,
from the fifth principal meridian.
13. (Naut.) See Range of
cable, below.
Range of accommodation (Optics),
the distance between the near point and the far point of
distinct vision, -- usually measured and designated by the
strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of
the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if
they came from the far point. -- Range finder
(Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus, variously
constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible
object, -- used to determine what elevation must be given to a
gun in order to hit the object; a position finder. --
Range of cable (Naut.), a certain
length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to
letting go the anchor. -- Range work
(Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in
courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of
the wall; -- distinguished from broken range work,
which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously
of even height. -- To get the range of (an
object) (Gun.), to find the angle at which the
piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying
beyond.
Range"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
rangement.] Arrangement.
[Obs.]
Waterland.
Ran"ger (?), n. 1. One
who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a
roving robber.
2. That which separates or arranges; specifically,
a sieve. [Obs.] \'bdThe tamis
ranger.\'b8
Holland.
3. A dog that beats the ground in search of
game.
4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed
with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight
on foot.
5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly,
a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters
patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover
beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer,
present trespasses to the next court held for the forest,
etc. [Eng.]<-- similar function for U.S.
national parksand antional monuments. -->
Ran"ger*ship, n. The office of the
keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.]
Ran"gle (?), v. i. To range
about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Ra"ni (?), n. [Hind.
r\'ben\'c6, Skr. r\'bejn\'c6. See
Rajah.] A queen or princess; the wife of a
rajah. [Written also ranee.]
[India]
Ra"nine (?), a. [L.
rana a frog.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the
region where the swelling occurs; -- applied especially to
branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.
Rank (?), a.
[Compar. Ranker (?);
superl. Rankest.] [AS.
ranc strong, proud; cf. D. rank slender,
Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank
slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems
to have been influenced by L. rancidus, E.
rancid.] 1. Luxuriant in growth;
of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height;
as, rank grass; rank weeds.
And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk,
rank and good.
Gen. xli. 5.
2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme;
gross; utter; as, rank heresy.
\'bdRank nonsense.\'b8 Hare. \'bdI do forgive
thy rankest fault.\'b8 Shak.
3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly;
very rich and fertile; as, rank land.
Mortimer.
4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a
rank smell; rank-smelling rue.
Spenser.
5. Strong to the taste. \'bdDivers sea fowls
taste rank of the fish on which they feed.\'b8
Boyle.
6. Inflamed with venereal appetite.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Rank modus (Law), an excessive and
unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3. -- To
set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank,
to set so as to take off a thick shaving.
Moxon.
Rank, adv. Rankly; stoutly;
violently. [Obs.]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell.
Fairfax.
Rank, n. [OE. renk,
reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr.
OHG. hring a circle, a circular row, G.
ring. See Ring, and cf. Range,
n. & v.] 1. A row or
line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of
osiers.
Many a mountain nigh
Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still.
Byron.
2. (Mil.) A line of soldiers ranged side
by side; -- opposed to file. See 1st File, 1
(a).
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds,
In ranks and squadrons and right form of war.
Shak.
3. Grade of official standing, as in the army,
navy, or nobility; as, the rank of general; the
rank of admiral.
4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a
permanent social class; an order; a division; as,
ranks and orders of men; the highest and the lowest
ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings.
5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence;
position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; as,
a writer of the first rank; a lawyer of high
rank.
These all are virtues of a meaner rank.
Addison.
6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high
social position; distinction; eminence; as, a man of
rank.
Rank and file. (a) (Mil.)
The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals.
In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting
the noncommissioned staff.<-- analogously, the lowest
ranking members of any organization --> (b) See
under 1st File. -- The ranks, the
order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a
noncommissioned officer to the ranks. --
To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or
a competent number. -- To take rank of, to
have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher
place than.<--
pull rank, to insist on one's
own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than
that of one suggesting a different plan -->
Rank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ranking,] 1. To place abreast,
or in a line.
2. To range in a particular class, order, or
division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in
suitable classes or order; to classify.
Ranking all things under general and special
heads.
I. Watts.
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.
Broome.
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft.
Dr. H. More.
3. To take rank of; to outrank.
[U.S.]
Rank, v. i. 1. To be ranged; to
be set or disposed, an in a particular degree, class, order, or
division.
Let that one article rank with the rest.
Shak.
2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation
in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree
of esteem or consideration; as, he ranks with the
first class of poets; he ranks high in public
estimation.
Rank"er (?), n. One who ranks,
or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.
Ran"kle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rankled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rankling
(?).] [From Rank,
a.] 1. To become, or be, rank; to
grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally
and figuratively.
A malady that burns and rankles inward.
Rowe.
This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts
of the people.
Burke.
2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to
cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a
splinter rankles in the flesh; the words
rankled in his bosom.
Ran"kle (?), v. t. To cause to
fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
Rank"ly (?), adv. With rank or
vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely; grossly; as,
weeds grow rankly.
Rank"ness, n. [AS. rancness
pride.] The condition or quality of being rank.
Ran"nel (?), n. A
prostitute. [Obs.]
Ran"ny (?), n. [L. araneus
mus, a kind of small mouse.] (Zo\'94l.)
The erd shrew. [Scot.]
Ran"sack (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ransacked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ransacking.] [OE. ransaken,
Icel, rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a
house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS.
r\'91sn plank, beam) + the root of s\'91kja
to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf.
Rest repose.] 1. To search
thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to
ransack a house.
To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts.
South.
2. To plunder; to pillage completely.
Their vow is made
To ransack Troy.
Shak.
3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour.
[Obs.]
Rich spoil of ransacked chastity.
Spenser.
Ran"sack, v. i. To make a thorough
search.
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead.
Chaucer.
Ran"sack, n. The act of ransacking, or
state of being ransacked; pillage. [R.]
Even your father's house
Shall not be free fromransack.
J. Webster.
Ran"som (?), n. [OE.
raunson, raunsoun, OF.
ran, raen,
raan, F. ran, fr. L.
redemptio, fr. redimere to redeem. See
Redeem, and cf. Redemption.] 1.
The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured
property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as,
prisoners hopeless of ransom.
Dryden.
2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a
prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom
from restraint, penalty, or forfeit.
Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems.
Milton.
His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he
paid for his liberty.
Sir J. Davies/.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A sum paid for the
pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender;
also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.
Blackstone.
Ransom bill (Law), a war contract,
valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured
at sea and its safe conduct into port.
Kent.
Ran"som, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ransomed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ransoming.] [Cf. F.
ran. See Ransom,
n.] 1. To redeem from captivity,
servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out
of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to
ransom prisoners from an enemy.
2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.
[R.]
Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so
grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a
year.
Berners.
Ran"som*a*ble (?), a. Such as
can be ransomed.
Ran"som*er (?), n. One who
ransoms or redeems.
Ran"som*less, a. Incapable of being
ransomed; without ransom.
Shak.
Rant (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ranted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Ranting.] [OD.
ranten, randen, to dote, to be
enraged.] To rave in violent, high-sounding, or
extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy,
boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a
ranting preacher.
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes!
Shak.
Rant, n. High-sounding language, without
importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation;
bombast; as, the rant of fanatics.
This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in
the nature of man or reason of things.
Atterbury.
Rant"er (?), n. 1. A
noisy talker; a raving declaimer.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a
religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also
Seekers. See Seeker.
(b) One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded
from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in
fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.
Rant"er*ism (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) The practice or tenets of the Ranters.
Rant"ing*ly, adv. In a ranting
manner.
Rant"i*pole (?), n.
[Ranty + pole, poll,
head.] A wild, romping young person.
[Low]
Marrya/.
Rant"i*pole, a. Wild; roving;
rakish. [Low]
Rant"i*pole, v. i. To act like a
rantipole. [Low]
She used to rantipole about the house.
Arbuthnot.
Rant"ism (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) Ranterism.
Rant"y (?), a. Wild; noisy;
boisterous.
\'d8Ran"u*la (?), n. [L., a
little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of
rana a frog.] (Med.) A cyst
formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the
submaxillary gland.
Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous (?), a. [See
Ranunculus.] (Bot.) Of or
pertaining to a natural order of plants
(Ranunculace\'91), of which the buttercup is the type,
and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood,
larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.
Ra*nun`cu*lus (?), n.; pl. E.
Ranunculuses (#), L. Ranunculi
(#). [L., a little frog, a medicinal plant,
perhaps crowfoot, dim. of rana a frog; cf.
raccare to roar.] (Bot.) A genus
of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot,
buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (R.
Asiaticus, R. aconitifolius, etc.) in which the
flowers are double and of various colors.
<-- p. 1189 -->
\'d8Ranz" des` vaches" (?). [F., the ranks
or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the
cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move
towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]
The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies
of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the
Alpine horn, and sometimes sung.
Rap (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A lay or skein containing 120 yards of
yarn.
Knight.
Rap, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rapping.] [Akin to Sw. rappa
to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps
of imitative origin.] To strike with a quick, sharp
blow; to knock; as, to rap on the door.
Rap, v. t. 1. To strike with a
quick blow; to knock on.
With one great peal they rap the door.
Prior.
2. (Founding) To free (a pattern) in a
mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its
removal.
Rap, n. A quick, smart blow; a
knock.
Rap, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rapped (?), usually written
Rapt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rapping.] [OE. rapen; akin
to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G. raffen, Sw.
rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste,
and Icel. hrapa to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has
been confused with L. rapere to seize. Cf.
Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff,
v., Ramp, v.] 1.
To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt
The whirring chariot.
Chapman.
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund
Bacon, to Redgrove.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. To hasten. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts;
to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or
rapture; as, rapt into admiration.
I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears.
Addison.
Rapt into future times, the bard begun.
Pope.
4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. &
Law]
To rap and ren, To rap and
rend. [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to
hurry and r\'91na plunder, fr. r\'ben
plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to
snatch by violence. Dryden. \'bd[Ye] waste all that ye
may rape and renne.\'b8
Chaucer.
All they could rap and rend pilfer.
Hudibras.
-- To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as
an oath.
A judge who rapped out a great oath.
Addison.
<-- 5. To engage in a discussion, converse; (b) (ca. 1985) to
perform a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying
rhythm instruments. -->
Rap, n. [Perhaps contr. fr.
raparee.] A popular name for any of the
tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the
early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling
value.
Many counterfeits passed about under the name of
raps.
Swift.
Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch
a rap,
save with her consent.
Mrs. Alexander.
<-- 5. conversation, also rapping; (b) (ca. 1985) a type of
rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; rap
music. -->
Not to care a rap, to care nothing. --
Not worth a rap, worth nothing.
\'d8Ra*pa"ces (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Rapacious.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Accipitres.
Rapa"cious (?), a. [L.
rapax, -acis, from rapere to
seize and carry off, to snatch away. See Rapid.]
1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to
seize by violence; seizing by force. \'bd The downfall of
the rapacious and licentious Knights Templar.\'b8
Motley.
2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or
animals seized by violence,; as, a tiger is a
rapacious animal; a rapacious bird.
3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also,
greedy; ravenous; voracious; as, rapacious usurers;
a rapacious appetite.
[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious
claim
Milton.
Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.
-- Ra*pa"cious*ly, adv. --
Ra*pa"cious*ness, n.
Ra*pac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rapacitas: cf. F. rapacite. See
Rapacious.] 1. The quality of being
rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; as, the
rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of
wolves.
2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by
oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain.
\'bdThe rapacity of some ages.\'b8
Sprat.
Rap`a*ree" (?), n. See
Rapparee.
Rape (r, n. [F.
r\'83pe a grape stalk.] 1. Fruit,
as grapes, plucked from the cluster.
Ray.
2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins
from which the must has been expressed in wine making.
3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in
clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.
Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the
last dregs of pressed grapes.
Rape, n. [Akin to rap to
snatch, but confused with L. rapere. See Rap
to snatch.] 1. The act of seizing and
carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery.<-- [Rare]
-->
And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain.
Sandys.
2. (Law) Sexual connection with a woman
without her consent. See Age of consent, under
Consent, n.
<-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on a person, whether male
or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual assault, and
sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual
intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of
consent, whether male or female, is statutory rape.
-->
3. That which is snatched away.
[Obs.]
Where now are all my hopes? O, never more.
Shall they revive! nor death her rapes restore.
Sandys.
4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry.
[Obs.]
<-- 5. (Fig., Colloq.) An action causing results harmful to a
person or thing; as, the rape of the land by mining
companies. -->
Rape, v. t. To commit rape upon; to
ravish.
<-- 2. (Fig., Colloq.) To perform an action causing results
harmful or very unpleasant to a person or thing; as, women
raped first by their assailant, and then by the Justice
system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. -->
To rape and ren. See under Rap,
v. t., to snatch.
Rape, v. i. To rob; to pillage.
[Obs.]
Heywood.
Rape, n. [Icel. hreppr
village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to catch, obtain,
AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.]
One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England,
intermediate between a hundred and a shire.
Rape, n. [L. rapa,
rapum, akin to Gr. /, /, G.
r\'81be.] (Bot.) A name given to
a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown
for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of
rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage
birds.
Brassica campestris of Europe, which by some is not
considered distinct from the wild stock (B. oleracea)
of the cabbage. See Cole.
Broom rape. (Bot.) See Broom
rape, in the Vocabulary. -- Rape cake,
the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from
the seed. -- Rape root. Same as
Rape. -- Summer rape. (Bot.)
See Colza.
Rape"ful (?), a. 1.
Violent. [Obs.]
2. Given to the commission of rape.
Byron.
Rap"ful*ly (?), adv.
Violently. [Obs.]
Raph`a*el*esque" (?), a. Like
Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.
Raph"a*el*ism (?), n. The
principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian
painter.
Raph"a*el*ite (?), n. One who
advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.
Raph"a*ny (?), n. [Cf. F.
raphanie.] (Med.) A convulsive
disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden
and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by
eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus
raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now
known to be a form of ergotism.
Ra"phe (r, n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a seam or suture, fr. / to sew or stitch
together.] 1. (Anat.) A line,
ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line;
as, the raphe of the tongue.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Rhaph/.
\'d8Raph"i*des (?), n. pl. [F.
raphide.] (Bot.) See
Rhaphides.
Rap"id (?), a. [L.
rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off,
to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. /; cf. F.
rapide. Cf. Harpy, Ravish.]
1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast;
as, a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a
rapid motion.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels.
Milton.
2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in
progression; in quick sequence; as, rapid growth;
rapid improvement; rapid recurrence;
rapid succession.
3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid
penman.
Rap"id, n. [Cf. F. rapide.
See Rapid, a.] The part of a river
where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual
waterfall or cascade; -- usually in the plural; as, the
Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence.<--
sometimes called whitewater -->
Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast,
The rapids are near, and the daylight's past.
Moore.
Ra*pid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rapiditas: cf. F. rapidit\'82.]
The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity;
velocity; as, the rapidity of growth or
improvement.
Syn. -- -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity;
swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.
Rap"id*ly (?), adv. In a rapid
manner.
Rap"id*ness, n. Quality of being rapid;
rapidity.
Ra"pi*er (?), n. [F.
rapi\'8are, perhaps for raspi\'8are, and
ultimately of German origin, akin to E. rasp,
v.] A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed
blade, used only for thrusting.
Rapier fish (Zo\'94l.), the
swordfish. [Obs.]
Grew.
Ra"pi*ered (?), a. Wearing a
rapier. \'bdScarletcoated, rapiered figures.\'b8
Lowell.
\'d8Ra*pil"li (?), n. pl.
[It.] (Min.) Lapilli.
Rap"ine (?), n. [F.
rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L.
rapina, fr. rapere to seize and carry off
by force. See Rapid, and cf. Raven
rapine.] 1. The act of plundering; the
seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation;
pillage; plunder.
Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of
rapine as by the desire of glory.
Macaulay.
2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rap"ine, v. t. To plunder.
Sir G. Buck.
Rap"i*nous (?), a. Given to
rapine. [Obs.]
Rap"page (?), n.
(Founding) The enlargement of a molt caused by
rapping the pattern.
Rap`pa*ree" (?), n. A wild
Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so called from
his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary.
[Written also raparee.]
Rapped (r, imp. & p. p.
of Rap, to strike.
Rapped, imp. & p. p. of Rap, to
snatch away.
Rap*pee" (?), n. [F.
r\'83p\'82, fr. r\'83per to grate, to rasp.
See Rasp, v.] A pungent kind of
snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco
leaves.
Rap"pel (?), n. [F. Cf.
Repeal.] (Mil.) The beat of the
drum to call soldiers to arms.
Rap"per (?), n. [From
Rap.] 1. One who, or that which,
raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door.
Sterne.
2. A forcible oath or lie.
[Slang]
Bp. Parker.
<-- 3. A musician specializing in rap music. -->
Rap*port" (?), n. [F., fr.
rapporter to bring again or back, to refer; pref.
re- re- + apporter to bring, L.
apporter to bring, L. apportare. Cf.
Report.] Relation; proportion; conformity;
correspondence; accord.
'T is obvious what rapport there is between the
conceptions and languages in every country.
Sir W. Temple.
\'d8En` rap`port" (/) [F.],
in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a
private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of
sympathy which permits influence or communication.
Rap*scal"lion (?), n. [See
Rascallion.] A rascal; a good-for-nothing
fellow. [Colloq.]
Howitt.
Rapt (?), imp. & p. p. of
Rap, to snatch away.
Rapt, a. 1. Snatched away;
hurried away or along.
Waters rapt with whirling away.
Spenser.
2. Transported with love, admiration, delight,
etc.; enraptured. \'bdThe rapt musician.\'b8
Longfellow.
3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or
meditation. \'bdRapt in secret studies.\'b8
Shak.
Rapt, n. [From F. rapt
abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to
seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a.
See Rapt, a., and Rapid.]
1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.]
Bp. Morton.
2. Rapidity. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Rapt, v. i. 1. To transport or
ravish. [Obs.]
Drayton.
2. To carry away by force.
[Obs.]
Daniel.
Rap"ter (?), n. A raptor.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Rap"tor (?), n. [L.
raptor, from rapere to ravish. See
Rapid.] A ravisher; a plunderer.
[Obs.]
\'d8Rap*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Raptor.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Accipitres. Called also
Raptatores.
Rap*to"ri*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Rapacious; living upon
prey; -- said especially of certain birds. (b)
Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc.,
of insects, birds, and other animals. (c) Of
or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust.
(f) of Aves.
Rap*to"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
raptorius.] (Zo\'94l.)
Raptorial.
Rap"ture (?), n. [L.
rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. See
Rapid.] 1. A seizing by violence; a
hurrying along; rapidity with violence. [Obs.]
That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash
With headlong rapture.
Chapman.
2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried
away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a
pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy.
Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer
great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise
into rapture.
Addison.
You grow correct that once with rapture writ.
Pope.
3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight;
exultation.
Rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Raptured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rapturing.] To transport with
excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic]
Thomson.
Rap"tur*ist, n. An enthusiast.
[Obs.]
J. Spencer.
Rap"tur*ize (?), v. i. & i. To
put, or be put, in a state of rapture. [R.]
Rap"tur*ous (?), a. Ecstatic;
transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting
rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or delight;
rapturous applause.
Rap"tur*ous*ly, adv. In a rapturous
manner.
Rare (?), a. [Cf.
Rather, Rath.] Early.
[Obs.]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late
Work in the market place.
Chapman.
Rare, a. [Compar.
Rarer; superl. Rarest.]
[Cf. AS. hr, or E. rare
early.] Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly
cooked; underdone; as, rare beef or
mutton.
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care
Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted rare.
Dryden.
underdone is preferred.
Rare, a. [Compar.
Rarer (?); superl.
Rarest.] [F., fr. L. rarus
thin, rare.] 1. Not frequent; seldom met with
or occurring; unusual; as, a rare event.
2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent;
valuable to a degree seldom found.
Rare work, all filled with terror and
delight.
Cowley.
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.
Dryden.
3. Thinly scattered; dispersed.
Those rare and solitary, three in flocks.
Milton.
4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of
loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; as, a rare
atmosphere at high elevations.
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen
times rarer, than gold.
Sir I. Newton.
Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular;
extraordinary; incomparable. -- Rare,
Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few
examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with;
as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as
scarce, which, though usually abundant, is for the
time being to be had only in diminished quantities; as, a bad
harvest makes corn scarce.
A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the
rarest things in the world.
Burke.
When any particular piece of money grew very
scarce, it was often recoined by a succeeding
emperor.
Addison.
Rare"bit (?), n. A dainty
morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under
Rabbit.
Rar"ee-show` (?), n. [Contr.
fr. rarity-show.] A show carried about in a
box; a peep show.
Pope.
Rar`e*fac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
rar\'82faction. See Rarefy.] The
act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; --
opposed to condensation; as, the
rarefaction of air.
Rar"e*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
rar\'82fiable.] Capable of being
rarefied.
Boyle.
Rar"e*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rarefied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rarefying
(?).] [F. rar\'82fier; L.
rarus rare + -ficare (in comp.) to make;
cf. L. rarefacere. See -fy.] To
make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge
without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to
condense.
Rar"e*fy, v. i. To become less dense; to
become thin and porous. \'bdEarth rarefies to
dew.\'b8
Dryden.
Rare"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as,
things rarely seen.
2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d
Rare, 2.
The person who played so rarely on the
flageolet.
Sir W. Scott.
The rest of the spartments are rarely gilded.
Evelyn.
Rare"ness, n. The state or quality of
being rare.
And let the rareness the small gift commend.
Dryden.
Rare"ripe` (?), a.
[Rare early + ripe. Cf.
Rathripe.] Early ripe; ripe before others, or
before the usual season.
Rare"ripe`, n. An early ripening fruit,
especially a kind of freestone peach.
Rar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. See
Rarefaction. [R.]
Am. Chem. Journal.
Rar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Rarities (#). [L.
raritas: cf. F. raret\'82. See
Rare.] 1. The quality or state of
being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the rarity
(contrasted with the density) of gases.
<-- p. 1190 -->
2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing
valued for its scarcity.
I saw three rarities of different kinds, which
pleased me more than any other shows in the place.
Addison.
Ras (?), n. See 2d
Reis.
\'d8Ra`sante" (?), a. [F., p.
pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.)
Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in
which the command of the works over each other, and over the
country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more
effectually sweep or graze the ground before them.
H. L. Scott.
Ras"cal (?), n. [OE.
rascaille rabble, probably from an OF.
racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish,
probably akin to F. racler to scrape, (assumed) LL.
rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L.
radere, rasum. See Rase,
v.]
1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person
or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a
lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer.
[Obs.]
He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the
rascal.
Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).
Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as
huge as the rascal.
Shak.
2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a
rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster.
For I have sense to serve my turn in store,
And he's a rascal who pretends to more.
Dryden.
Ras`cal, a. Of or pertaining to the
common herd or common people; low; mean; base. \'bdThe
rascal many.\'b8 Spencer. \'bdThe
rascal people.\'b8 Shak.
While she called me rascal fiddler.
Shak.
Ras"cal*dom (?), n. State of
being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals,
collectively.
Emerson.
Ras"cal*ess, n. A female rascal.
[Humorous]
Ras*cal`i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Rascalities (/)
1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a
rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.
2. The poorer and lower classes of
people.[Obs.]
The chief heads of their clans with their several
rascalities
T. Jackson.
Ras*cal"lion (?), n. [From
Rascal] A low, mean wretch [Written
also rascalion.]<-- now rapscalion -->
Ras"cal*ly (?), a. Like a
rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in
humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty.
Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep.
Swift.
Rase (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rasing.] [F.
raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq.
fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, shave; cf.
Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to
gnaw. Cf. Raze, Razee, Razor,
Rodent.] 1. To rub along the surface
of; to graze.[Obsoles.]
Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not
the bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his
head?
South.
Sometimes his feet rased the surface of water, and
at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.
Beckford.
2. To rub or scratch out; to erase.
[Obsoles.]
Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and
branch, out of our mind.
Fuller.
3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to
destroy; to raze. [In this sense rase is
generally used.]
Till Troy were by their brave hands rased,
They would not turn home.
Chapman.
rase, may be considered as
nearly obsolete; graze, erase, and
raze, having superseded it.
Rasing iron, a tool for removing old oakum and
pitch from the seams of a vessel.
Syn. -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel;
level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish;
ruin.
Rase, v. i. To be leveled with the
ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow. [Obs.]
Rase, n. 1. A scratching out,
or erasure. [Obs.]
2. A slight wound; a scratch.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A way of measuring in
which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the
measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above
it.
Burrill.
Rash (?), v. t. [For
arace] 1. To pull off or pluck
violently. [Obs.]
2. To slash; to hack; to slice.
[Obs.]
Rushing of helms and riving plates asunder.
Spenser.
Rash, n. [OF. rashe an
eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed) LL.
rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere,
rasum, to scrape, scratch, shave. See Rase,
and cf. Rascal.] (Med.) A fine
eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no
elevation.
Canker rash. See in the Vocabulary. --
Nettle rash. See Urticaria. --
Rose rash. See Roseola. --
Tooth rash. See Red-gum.
Rash, n. [Cf. F. ras
short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf.
Rase); or cf. It. rascia serge, G.
rasch, probably fr. Arras in France (cf.
Arras).] An inferior kind of silk, or mixture
of silk and worsted. [Obs.]
Donne.
Rash, a. [Compar.
Rasher (?); superl.
Rashest.] [Probably of Scand. origin;
cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel.
r\'94skr vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G.
rasch quick, of uncertain origin.] 1.
Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.]
\'bdStrong as aconitum or rash gunpowder.\'b8
Shak.
2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent.
[Obs.]
I scarce have leisure to salute you,
My matter is so rash.
Shak.
3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action;
precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure
without due deliberation and caution; opposed to
prudent; said of persons; as, a rash
statesman or commander.
4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too
little reflection; as, rash words; rash
measures.
5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling,
as corn. [Prov. Eng.]
Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty;
indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless;
inconsiderate; unwary. -- Rash,
Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is
adventurous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of
the arduous and the bold. A man is rash who does it
from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost.
A man is foolhardy who throws himself into danger in
disregard or defiance of the consequences.
Was never known a more adventurous knight.
Dryden.
Her rush hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat.
Milton.
If any yet to be foolhardy
To expose themselves to vain jeopardy;
If they come wounded off, and lame,
No honors got by such a maim.
Hudibras.
Rash (?), v. t. To prepare with
haste. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Rash"er (?), n. [In sense 1,
probably fr. rash, a., as being hastily cooked.]
1. A thin slice of bacon.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A California rockfish
(Sebastichthys miniatus).
Rash"ful (?), a. Rash; hasty;
precipitate. [Obs.]
Rash"ling (?), n. A rash
person. [Obs.]
Rash"ly, adv. In a rush manner; with
precipitation.
He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly;
for he was free to deliberate or not.
L'Estrange.
Rash"ness, n. The quality of state of
being rash.
We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming
or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.
South.
Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy;
precipitation; hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness;
inconsideration; carelessness. See Temerity.
\'d8Ras*kol"nik (?), n. [Russ.
rascolenik' schismatic, heretic.]
(Eccl.) One of the separatists or dissenters from
the established or Greek church in Russia. [Written
also rascolnik.]
\'d8Ra*so`res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. radere, rasum,
to scratch. See Rase, v. t.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of birds; the
Gallin\'91.
Rasores was used in a
wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in
classification.
Ra*so"ri*al (?; 277), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or
gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and
the like.
Ra"sour (?), n. Rasor.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rasp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rasped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rasping.]
[OF. rasper, F. r\'83per, to scrape,
grate, rasp, fr. OHG. rasp to scrape together,
to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap
to snatch.]
1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with
a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to
rasp bones to powder.
2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to
offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some
sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my
temper.
Rasp, n. [OE. raspe, OF.
raspe, F. r\'83pe. See Rasp,
v.]
1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences
are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp
punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true
file.
2. The raspberry. [Obs.] \'bdSet
sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will be
smaller.\'b8
Bacon.
Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm
tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong a\'89rial
roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface,
and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the
common name.
\'d8Ras`pa*to"ri*um (?), n.
[LL.] See Raspatory.
Rasp"a*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See
Rasp, v.] A surgeon's rasp.
Wiseman.
Rasp"ber*ry (?; 277), n, [From
E. rasp, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the
fruit.] (Bot.) (a) The
thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Id\'91us and other
similar brambles; as, the black, the red and the white
raspberry. (b) The shrub
bearing this fruit.
Rasp"er (?), n. One who, or
which, rasps; a scraper.
Ras"pis (?), n. The
raspberry. [Obs.]
Langham.
Rasp"y (?), a. Like a rasp, or
the sound made by a rasp; grating.
R. D. Blackmore.
Rasse (?), n. [Cf. Malay
r\'besa taste, sensation.] (Zo\'94l.)
A carnivore (Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to
the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It
furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly
prized by the Javanese. Called also Malacca
weasel, and lesser civet.
Ra"sure (?; 135), n. [L.
rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to
scrape, to shave. See Rase, v.]
1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing;
erasure; obliteration.
2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a
writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an
erasure.
Ayliffe.
Rat (?), n. [AS.
r\'91t; akin to D. rat, OHG.
rato, ratta, G. ratte,
ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan.
rotte, Sw. r\'86tta, F. rat, Ir.
& Gael radan, Armor. raz, of unknown
origin. Cf. Raccoon.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the several species of small
rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger
than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the
Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were
introduced into Anerica from the Old World.
2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar
material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their
natural hair. [Local, U.S.]
3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence,
in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those
prescribed by a trades union. [Cant]
rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the
converts to the government of George the First, but has by
degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any
sudden and mercenary change in politics.\'b8
Lord Mahon.
Bamboo rat (Zo\'94l.), any Indian
rodent of the genus Rhizomys. --
Beaver rat, Coast rat.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Beaver and
Coast. -- Blind rat (Zo\'94l.),
the mole rat. -- Cotton rat
(Zo\'94l.), a long-haired rat (Sigmodon
hispidus), native of the Southern United States and Mexico.
It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the
crop. -- Ground rat. See Ground
Pig, under Ground. -- Hedgehog
rat. See under Hedgehog. -- Kangaroo
rat (Zo\'94l.), the potoroo. --
Norway rat (Zo\'94l.), the common brown
rat. See Rat. -- Pouched rat.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) See Pocket
Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any
African rodent of the genus Cricetomys. Rat
Indians (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians
dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan
stock. -- Rat mole. (Zo\'94l.) See
Mole rat, under Mole. -- Rat pit,
an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a
dog for sport. -- Rat snake
(Zo\'94l.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas
mucosus) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters
dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc. -- Spiny
rat (Zo\'94l.), any South America rodent of
the genus Echinomys. -- To smell a
rat. See under Smell. -- Wood
rat (Zo\'94l.), any American rat of the
genus Neotoma, especially N. Floridana,
common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are
white.
Rat, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ratting.] 1. In English
politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to
forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades,
to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those
established by a trades union.
Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having
ratted, solely by his inability to follow the friends
of his early days.
De Quincey.
2. To catch or kill rats.
<-- rat on (someone), to inform on an associate,to squeal. -->
Ra"ta (?), n. [Maori.]
(Bot.) A New Zealand forest tree
(Metrosideros robusta), also, its hard dark red wood,
used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.
Rat`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being ratable.
Rat"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.
Twenty or\'91 were ratable to [at] two marks of
silver.
Camden.
2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation;
as, ratable estate.
3. Made at a proportionate rate; as,
ratable payments. --
Rat"a*ble*ness, n. --
Rat"a*bly, adv.
Rat`a*fi"a (?), n. [F., fr.
Malay arak arrack + t\'bef\'c6a a spirit
distilled from molasses.] A spirituous liquor flavored
with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit,
spiced, and sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the
liqueurs called noyau, cura,
etc. [Written also ratifia and
ratafee.]
Ra*tan" (?), n. See
Rattan.
Rat"a*ny (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Rhatany.
\'d8Ra`ta`plan" (?), n.
[F.] The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of
a galloping horse.
Ratch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Rotche.
Ratch (?), n. [See
Rack the instrument, Ratchet.] A
ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick
works.
Ratch"el (?), n. Gravelly
stone. [Prov. Eng.]
Ratch"et (?), n. [Properly a
diminutive from the same word as rack: cf. F.
rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the
instrument.] 1. A pawl, click, or detent, for
holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.
2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or
ratch, and pawl. See Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d
Ratch.
Ratchet brace (Mech.), a boring
brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by
back and forth movements of the brace handle. --
Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a
drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a
drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and
pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth. -- Ratchet
wheel (Mach.), a circular wheel having
teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages
to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from
turning backward.
<-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill -->
c slides over
the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel
with it, while the pawl d prevents it from turning in
the contrary direction.
<-- p. 1191 -->
Rate (?), v. t. & i. [Perh. fr.
E. rate, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to
estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault,
to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat
refuse, hrati rubbish.] To chide with
vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
Spencer.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy!
Shak.
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them
from it, and rating them for it.
Barrow.
Rate (?), n. [OF., fr. L.
rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus
reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of reri to
reckon, to calculate. Cf. Reason.] 1.
Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.
The one right feeble through the evil rate,
Of food which in her duress she had found.
Spenser.
2. That which is established as a measure or
criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a
slow rate of movement; rate of interest is the
ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.
Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was
different from what it is nowadays.
South.
In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the
rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . .
merciful.
Calamy.
Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor
come up soon enough.
Clarendon.
3. Variation; prise fixed with relation to a
standard; cost; charge; as, high or low rates of
transportation.
They come at dear rates from Japan.
Locke.
4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property
for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in
England, a local tax; as, parish rates; town
rates.
5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.]
Thus sat they all around in seemly rate.
Spenser.
6. Ratification; approval. [R.]
Chapman.
7. (Horol.) The gain or loss of a
timepiece in a unit of time; as, daily rate; hourly
rate; etc.
8. (Naut.) (a) The order or
class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its
size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, second
rate, etc. (b) The class of a
merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative
safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.
Rate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rating.] 1. To set a certain
estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree.
To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a
rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.
South.
You seem not high enough your joys to rate.
Dryden.
2. To assess for the payment of a rate or
tax.
3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position,
amount, value, or quality of; as, to rate a ship; to
rate a seaman; to rate a pension.
4. To ratify. [Obs.] \'bdTo
rate the truce.\'b8 Chapman.
To rate a chronometer, to ascertain the exact
rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to
make an allowance or computation depended thereon.
Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.
Rate, v. i. 1. To be set or
considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship
rates as a ship of the line.
2. To make an estimate.
Rate"a*ble (?), a. See
Ratable.
Ra"tel (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any carnivore of the genus
Mellivora, allied to the weasels and the skunks; --
called also honey badger.
M. Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M.
Indica) are the best known. The back is gray; the lower
parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of honey, and rob
the nests of wild bees.
Rate"pay`er (?), n. One who
pays rates or taxes.
Rat"er (?), n. One who rates or
estimates.
Rat"er, n. One who rates or
scolds.
Rat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Rat-tail.
Rath (?), n. [Ir.
rath.] 1. A hill or mound.
[Ireland]
Spencer.
2. A kind of ancient fortification found in
Ireland.
{ Rath, Rathe } (?),
a. [AS. hr\'91\'eb,
hr\'91d, quick, akin to OHG. hrad, Icel.
hra\'ebr.] Coming before others, or before
the usual time; early. [Obs. or Poetic]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies.
Milton.
{ Rath, Rathe, } adv.
Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why rise ye up so rathe?
Chaucer.
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal.
Spencer.
Rath"er (?), a. [Compar. of
Rath, a.] Prior; earlier;
former. [Obs.]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town.
Sir J. Mandeville.
Rath"er (?), adv. [AS.
hra\'ebor, compar. of hra\'ebe,
hr\'91\'ebe, quickly, immediately. See Rath,
a.]
1. Earlier; sooner; before.
[Obs.]
Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I.
Chaucer.
A good mean to come the rather to grace.
Foxe.
2. More readily or willingly; preferably.
My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my
life.
Job vii. 15.
3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was
said or suggested; instead.
Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse.
Mark v. 26.
4. Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference
to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat.
He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,
And nowhere finding, rather feared her slain.
Dryden.
5. More properly; more correctly speaking.
This is an art
Which does mend nature, change it rather, but
The art itself is nature.
Shak.
6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is
rather warm; the house is rather
damp.
The rather, the more so; especially; for
better reason; for particular cause.
You are come to me in happy time,
The rather for I have some sport in hand.
Shak.
-- Had rather, Would
rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he
had, go than stay. \'bdI
had rather speak five words with my understanding than
ten thousands words in an unknown tongue.\'b8 1 Cor. xiv.
19. See Had rather, under Had.
Rath"ripe` (?), a. Rareripe, or
early ripe. -- n. A rareripe.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits.
Fuller.
Rat`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. ratification.] The act of ratifying; the
state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the
ratification of a treaty.
Rat"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or
that which, ratifies; a confirmer.
Shak.
Rat"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ratified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ratifying
(?).] [F. ratifier, fr. L.
ratus fixed by calculation, firm, valid +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate,
n., and -fy.] To approve and
sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to
give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant;
as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to
ratify a nomination.
It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie
by ratifying an imposture with such a miracle.
South.
Rat`i*ha*bi"tion (?), n. [L.
ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid +
habere to hold.] Confirmation or
approbation, as of an act or contract. [Obs.]
Jer. Tailor.
Ra"ti*o (?), n. [L., fr.
reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think,
judge. See Reason.] 1. (Math.)
The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another
of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division
of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is
expressed by a to b by
a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the
dividend; as, a:b = b/a.
ratio as the
quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number.
The term ratio is also sometimes applied to the
difference of two quantities as well as to their
quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical
ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name
ratio is sometimes given to the rule of
three in arithmetic. See under Rule.
2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or
degree; rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in
Congress.
Compound ratio, Duplicate ratio,
Inverse ratio, etc. See under
Compound, Duplicate, etc. -- Ratio of
a geometrical progression, the constant quantity by
which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding
one.
Ra`ti*oc"i*nate (?), v. i. [L.
ratiocinatus, p. p. of ratiocinari, fr.
ratio reason. See Ratio.] To
reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.
Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
ratiocinatio: cf. F. ratiocination.]
The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from
premises; deductive reasoning.
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive (?), a. [L.
ratiocinativus.] Characterized by, or
addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of
proportions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the
comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative
process.
The ratiocinative meditativeness of his
character.
Coleridge.
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry (?), a.
Ratiocinative. [R.]
Ra"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
ratio a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference,
LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.]
1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned
to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his
subsistence.
2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt
out; an allowance; an allotment.
Ra"tion, v. t. To supply with rations,
as a regiment.
Ra"tion*al (?), a. [L.
rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See
Ratio, Reason, and cf.
Rationale.] 1. Relating to reason;
not physical; mental.
Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the
rational, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but
simple pastimes in comparison of the other.
Sir T. North.
2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning;
endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.
It is our glory and happiness to have a rational
nature.
Law.
3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous,
extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious;
as, rational conduct; a rational
man.
4. (Chem.) Expressing the type,
structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; --
said of formul\'91. See under Formula.
Rational horizon. (Astron.) See
Horizon, 2 (b). -- Rational
quantity (Alg. ), one that can be expressed
without the use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity;
-- opposed to irrational or radical
quantity. -- Rational symptom
(Med.), one elicited by the statements of the
patient himself and not as the result of a physical
examination.
<-- rational drug design. -->
Syn. -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible;
wise; discreet; judicious. -- Rational,
reasonable. Rational has reference to reason
as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to traditional; as,
a rational being, a rational state of mind,
rational views, etc. In these cases the speculative
reason is more particularly, referred to. Reasonable
has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical
purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; as,
reasonable prospect of success.
What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, rational, love still.
Milton.
A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man
does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the
lawgivers.
Swift.
Ra"tion*al, n. A rational being.
Young.
Ra`tion*a"le (?), n. [L.
rationalis, neut. rationale. See
Rational, a.] An explanation or
exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis,
phenomenon, or like; also, the principles themselves.
Ra"tion*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
rationalisme.] 1. (Theol.)
The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious
opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or
opposed to, revelation.
2. (Philos.) The system that makes
rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to
sensualism, or sensationalism, and
empiricism.
Fleming.
Ra"tion*al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
rationaliste.] One who accepts rationalism
as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See
Citation under Reasonist.
{ Ra`tion*al*is"tic (?),
Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al (?) } a.
Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of
rationalism. --
Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Ra`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
-ties (#). [F.
rationalit\'82, or L. rationalitas.]
The quality or state of being rational; agreement with
reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason;
reasonableness.
When God has made rationality the common portion of
mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure?
Gov. of Tongue.
Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will
never bear a rigid examination.
Sir T. Browne.
Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of rationalizing.
Ra"tion*al*ize (?), v. t.
1. To make rational; also, to convert to
rationalism.
2. To interpret in the manner of a
rationalist.
3. To form a rational conception of.
4. (Alg.) To render rational; to free
from radical signs or quantities.
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i. To use, and rely
on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in
matters of religion: to accord with the principles of
rationalism.
Theodore . . . is just considered the chief
rationalizing doctor of antiquity.
J. H. Newman.
Ra"tion*al*ly, adv. In a rational
manner.
Ra"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state
of being rational; rationality.
\'d8Ra*ti"t\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L.
ratitus marked with the figure of a raft.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of birds in which the wings
are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is
destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, and apteryx are
examples.
Rat"i*tate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ratit\'91.
Rat"ite (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ratit\'91. -- n. One of the
Ratit\'91.
{ Rat"lines, rat"lins }, n.
pl. [Of uncertain origin.] (Naut.)
The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and
forming the steps of a rope ladder. [Written also
ratlings, and rattlings.]
Totten.
Rat"on (?), n. [Cf.
Raccoon.] A small rat.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Ra*toon" (?), n. 1.
Same as Rattoon, n.
2. A rattan cane. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Ra*toon", v. i. Same as
Rattoon, v. i.
Rats"bane (?), n.
[Rat + bane.] Rat poison;
white arsenic.
Rats"baned` (?), a. Poisoned by
ratsbane.
Rat"-tail` (?), a. Like a rat's
tale in form; as, a rat-tail file, which is round,
slender, and tapering. See Illust. of
File.
Rat"-tail`, n. 1. (Far.)
pl. An excrescence growing from the pastern to
the middle of the shank of a horse.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
California chim\'91ra. See Chim\'91ra.
(b) Any fish of the genus Macrurus. See
Grenadier, 2.
Rat"-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a long, tapering tail like that
of a rat.
Rat-tailed larva (Zo\'94l.), the
larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See
Eristalis. -- Rat-tailed serpent
(Zo\'94l.), the fer-de-lance. --
Rat-tailed shrew (Zo\'94l.), the musk
shrew.
Rat*tan" (?), n. [Malay
r.] [Written also
ratan.] (Bot. ) One of the
long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the
genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are
African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used
for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords
and cordage, and many other purposes.
Rat*teen" (?), n. [F.
ratine.] A thick woolen stuff quilled or
twilled.
Rat"ten (?), v. t. [Prov. E.
ratten a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do
mischief like a rat.] To deprive feloniously of the
tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them),
for the purpose of annoying; as, to ratten a
mechanic who works during a strike.
[Trades-union Cant]
J. McCarthy.
Rat"ter (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.
2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained
to catch rats; a rat terrier. See Terrier.
Rat`ti*net" (?), n. A woolen
stuff thinner than ratteen.
Rat"ting (?), n. 1.
The conduct or practices of one who rats. See Rat,
v. i., 1.
Sydney Smith.
2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats
confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given
time.
Rat"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rattled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rattling
(?).] [Akin to D. ratelen,
G. rasseln, AS. hr\'91tele a rattle, in
hr\'91telwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. / to swing, wave.
Cf. Rail a bird.] 1. To make a quick
succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of
hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to
clatter.
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms.
Addison.
'T was but the wind,
Or the car rattling o'er the stony street.
Byron.
<-- p. 1192 -->
2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a
clattering; as, we rattled along for a couple of
miles. [Colloq.]
3. To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly
and idly; to clatter; -- with on or away;
as, she rattled on for an hour.
[Colloq.]
Rat"tle (?), v. t. 1.
To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; as, to
rattle a chain.
2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting
noise.
Sound but another [drum], and another shall
As loud as thine rattle the welkin's ear.
Shak.
3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to
rattle one's judgment; to rattle a player in a
game. [Colloq.]
4. To scold; to rail at.
L'Estrange.
To rattle off. (a) To tell glibly or
noisily; as, to rattle off a story. (b)
To rail at; to scold. \'bdShe would sometimes
rattle off her servants sharply.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
Rat"tle, n. 1. A rapid
succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the
rattle of a drum.
Prior.
2. Noisy, rapid talk.
All this ado about the golden age is but an empty
rattle and frivolous conceit.
Hakewill.
3. An instrument with which a ratting sound is
made; especially, a child's toy that rattle when shaken.
The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea
nearly enough resemble each other.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw.
Pope.
4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.
It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much
perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he
took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering
rattle.
Macaulay.
5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke.
[Obs.]
Heylin.
6. (Zo\'94l.) Any organ of an animal
having a structure adapted to produce a ratting sound.
rattle of the rattlesnake is composed
of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not
cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose,
hollow joints.
7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in
passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; --
chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called
the death rattle. See R.
To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound.
-- Yellow rattle (Bot.), a
yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista-galli), the
ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.
Rat"tle*box` (?), n. 1.
A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.
2. (Bot.) (a) An American herb
(Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of which, when
ripe, rattle in the inflated pod. (b) Any
species of Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered
herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.
Rat"tle-brained` (?), a. Giddy;
rattle-headed.
Rat"tle*head` (?), n. An empty,
noisy talker.
Rat"tle-head`ed, a. Noisy; giddy;
unsteady.
Rat"tle*mouse` (?), n. A
bat. [Obs.]
Puttenham.
Rat"tle*pate` (?), n. A
rattlehead.
C. Kingsley.
Rat"tle-pat`ed, a. Rattle-headed.
\'bdA noisy, rattle-pated fellow.\'b8
W. Irving.
Rat"tler (?), n. One who, or
that which, rattles.
Rat"tle*snake` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of venomous
American snakes belonging to the genera Crotalus and
Caudisona, or Sistrurus. They have a series
of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a
sharp ratting sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake of the
Northern United States (Crotalus horridus), and the
diamond rattlesnake of the south (C. adamanteus), are
the best known. See Illust. of Fang.
<-- also called rattler, and C. adamateus, and C. atrox are also
called the diamondback rattler, or diamondback. -->
Ground rattlesnake (Zo\'94l.), a
small rattlesnake (Caudisona, ) of the Southern United States, having a small
rattle. It has nine large scales on its head. --
Rattlesnake fern (Bot.), a common
American fern (Botrychium Virginianum) having a
triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore
cases rising from the middle of the frond. --
Rattlesnake grass (Bot.), a handsome
American grass (Glyceria Canadensis) with an ample
panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of
imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the
rattlesnake. Sometimes called quaking
grass. -- Rattlesnake plantain
(Bot.), See under Plantain. --
Rattlesnake root (Bot.), a name given
to certain American species of the composite genus
Prenanthes (P. alba and P.
serpentaria), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the
rattlesnake. Calling also lion's foot,
gall of the earth, and white
lettuce. -- Rattlesnake's master
(Bot.) (a) A species of Agave (Agave
Virginica) growing in the Southern United States.
(b) An umbelliferous plant (Eryngium
yucc\'91folium) with large bristly-fringed linear
leaves. (c) A composite plant, the blazing star
(Liatris squarrosa). -- Rattlesnake
weed (Bot.), a plant of the composite genus
Hieracium (H. venosum); -- probably so
named from its spotted leaves. See also
Snakeroot.
Rat"tle*trap` (?), n. Any
machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly.
[Colloq.]
A. Trollope.
Rat"tle*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the genus
Astragalus. See Milk vetch.
Rat"tle*wings` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The golden-eye.
Rat"tle*wort` (?), n. [AS.
hr\'91telwyrt.] (Bot.) Same as
Rattlebox.
Rat"tlings (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) Ratlines.
Rat*toon" (?), n. [Sp.
reto\'a4o.] One of the stems or shoots of
sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later.
See Plant-cane.
Rat*toon", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rattooned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rattooning.] [Cf. Sp.
reto\'a4ar.] To sprout or spring up from
the root, as sugar cane of the previous year's planting.
Rau"cid (?), a. [L.
raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.]
Hoarse; raucous [R.]
Lamb.
Rau"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
rausitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F.
raucit\'82.] Harshness of sound; rough
utterance; hoarseness; as, the raucity of a trumpet,
or of the human voice.
Rau"cous (?), a. [L.
raucus.] Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a
raucous, thick tone. \'bdHis voice slightly
raucous.\'b8 Aytoun. --
Rau"cous*ly, adv.
Raught (?), obs. imp. &
p. p. of Reach.
Shak.
Raught, obs. imp. & p. p.
of Reck.
Chaucer.
Raunch (?), v. t. See
Ranch.
Spenser.
Raun*soun" (?), n.
Ransom. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rav"age (?; 48), n. [F., fr.
(assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum, fr.
rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See
Rapacious, Ravish.] Desolation by
violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste;
as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of
fire or tempest; the ravages of an army, or of
time.
<-- ravages of time -->
Would one think 't were possible for love
To make such ravage in a noble soul?
Addison.
Syn. -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage;
plunder; spoil; waste; ruin.
Rav"age, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ravaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ravaging (?).] [F.
ravager. See Ravage, n.]
To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit
havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to
consume.
Already C\'91sar
Has ravaged more than half the globe.
Addison.
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven
away.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil;
devastate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.
Rav"a*ger (?), n. One who, or
that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.
Rave, n. [Prov. E. raves, or
rathes, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay,
etc.] One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a
wagon body or a sleigh.
Rave (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Raved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Raving.] [F.
r\'88ver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps
fr. L. rabere to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf.
Rage, Reverie.] 1. To
wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act
irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.
In our madness evermore we rave.
Chaucer.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast?
Addison.
The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went
raving down the valley to the gorge of
Kiliecrankie.
Macaulay.
2. To rush wildly or furiously.
Spencer.
3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or
excessive passion or excitement; -- followed by about,
of, or on; as, he raved about
her beauty.
The hallowed scene
Which others rave on, though they know it not.
Byron.
Rave, v. t. To utter in madness or
frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave
nonsense.
Young.
Rave"hook (?), n.
(Shipbuilding) A tool, hooked at the end, for
enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.
Rav"el (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raveled (?)
or Ravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raveling or Ravelling.] [.
ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG.
rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.]
1. To separate or undo the texture of; to take
apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by
out; as, to ravel a twist; to
ravel out a sticking.<-- = to unravel? -->
Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of
care.
Shak.
2. To undo the intricacies of; to
disentangle.
3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and
let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make
intricate; to involve.
What glory's due to him that could divide
Such raveled interests? has he not untied?
Waller.
The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and
indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or
raveled and entangled in weak discourses!
Jer. Taylor.
Rav"el, v. i. 1. To become
untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of
intricacy.
2. To fall into perplexity and confusion.
[Obs.]
Till, by their own perplexities involved,
They ravel more, still less resolved.
Milton.
3. To make investigation or search, as by picking
out the threads of a woven pattern. [Obs.]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or
entangled matters.
Sir W. Temple.
Rav"el*er (?), n. [Also
raveller.] One who ravels.
Rave"lin (?), n. [F.; cf. Sp.
rebellin, It. revellino,
rivellino; perhaps fr. L. re- again +
vallum wall.] (Fort.) A detached
work with two embankments with make a salient angle. It is raised
before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly
called demilune and half-moon.
Rav"el*ing (?), n. [Also
ravelling.] 1. The act of
untwisting, or of disentangling.
2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread
detached from a texture.
Ra"ven (?), n. [AS.
hr\'91fn; akin to raaf, G. rabe,
OHG. hraban, Icel. hrafn, Dan.
ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. /.
///.] (Zo\'94l.) A large black
passerine bird (Corvus corax), similar to the crow,
but larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia and
America, and is noted for its sagacity.
Sea raven (Zo\'94l.), the
cormorant.
Ra"ven, a. Of the color of the raven;
jet black; as, raven curls; raven
darkness.
<-- raven-haired -->
Rav"en (?), n. [OF.
ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine
ravine. See Ravine, Rapine.]
[Written also ravin, and
ravine.] 1. Rapine;
rapacity. Ray.
2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.
Rav"en, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ravened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ravening.] [Written also
ravin, and ravine.]
1. To obtain or seize by violence.
Hakewill.
2. To devoir with great eagerness.
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane.
Shak.
Rav"en, v. i. To prey with rapacity; to
be greedy; to show rapacity. [Written also
ravin, and ravine.]
Benjamin shall raven as a wolf.
Gen. xlix. 27.
\'d8Rav`e*na"la (?), n.
[Malagasy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants
related to the banana.
Ravenala Madagascariensis, the principal
species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves
growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing
bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which
flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant
is called traveller's tree.
Rav"en*er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, ravens or plunders.
Gower.
2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Rav"en*ing, n. Eagerness for plunder;
rapacity; extortion.
Luke xi. 39.
Rav"en*ing, a. Greedily devouring;
rapacious; as, ravening wolves. --
Rav"en*ing*ly, adv.
Rav"en*ous (?), a. [From 2d
Raven.] 1. Devouring with rapacious
eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; as, a
ravenous wolf or vulture.
2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a
ravenous appetite or desire.
-- Rav"en*ous*ly, adv. --
Rav"en*ous*ness, n.
Ra"ven's-duck` (?), n. [Cf. G.
ravenstuch.] A fine quality of
sailcloth.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Rav"er (?), n. One who
raves.
Rav"in (?), n. Ravenous.
[Obs.]
Shak.
{ Rav"in, Ravine } (?),
n. [See 2d Raven.] Food
obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven. \'bdFowls of
ravyne.\'b8
Chaucer.
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw
With ravine, shrieked against his creed.
Tennyson.
<-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 -->
{ Rav"in, Rav"ine, } v. t. &
i. See Raven, v. t. & i.
Ra*vine" (?), n. [F., a place
excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. ravir to snatch
or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina
rapine. See Ravish, and cf. Rapine,
Raven prey.] 1. A torrent of
water. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a
stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.
Rav"ing (?), a. Talking
irrationally and wildly; as, a raving
lunatic. -- Rav"ing*ly,
adv.
Rav"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ravished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ravishing.] [OE. ravissen,
F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear
away, to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and
-ish.] 1. To seize and carry away by
violence; to snatch by force.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin
Will quicken, and accuse thee.
Shak.
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right.
Dryden.
2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to
ecstasy. \'bdRavished . . . for the joy.\'b8
Chaucer.
Thou hast ravished my heart.
Cant. iv. 9.
3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force,
and against her consent; to rape.
Shak.
Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate;
deflour; force.
<-- sic. "deflour" is given in this dict. as the preferred sp. of
"deflower" -->
Rav"ish*er (?), n. One who
ravishes (in any sense).
Rav"ish*ing, a. Rapturous;
transporting.
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a ravishing
manner.
Rav"ish*ment (?), n. [F.
ravissement. See Ravish.]
1. The act of carrying away by force or against
consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children
from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife
from her husband.
Blackstone.
2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport
of delight; ecstasy.
Spencer.
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
Milton.
3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.
Rav"is*sant (?), a. [F.]
(Her.) In a half-raised position, as if about to
spring on prey.
<-- p. 1193 -->
Raw (?), a.
[Compar Rawer (?);
superl. Rawest.] [AS.
hre\'a0w; akin to D. raauw, LG.
rau, G. roh, OHG. r, Icel.
hr\'ber, Dan. raa, Sw. r\'86, L.
crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr.
kravis raw flesh. Crude,
Cruel.]
1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared
by the action of heat; as, raw sienna;
specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable
for eating; not done; as, raw meat.
2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment;
immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed;
untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw
recruit.
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the
multitude.
De Quincey.
3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state;
untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a)
Not distilled; as, raw water.
[Obs.] Bacon. (b) Not spun or
twisted; as, raw silk or cotton.
(c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw
spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and
strained; as, raw tallow. (e)
Not tanned; as, raw hides.
(f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as,
the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.
4. Not covered; bare. Specifically:
(a) Bald. [Obs.] \'bdWith
scull all raw.\'b8
Spencer
(b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw
sore. (c) Sore, as if by being galled.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw
Through long imprisonment.
Spenser.
5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a
raw wind. \'bdA raw and gusty
day.\'b8
Shak.
Raw material, material that has not been
subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is
the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw
material of the shoe industry. -- Raw
pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting
furnace.
Raw, n. A raw, sore, or galled place; a
sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the
raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a
raw.
De Quincey.
Raw"bone` (?), a.
Rawboned. [Obs.]
Spencer.
Raw"boned`, a. Having little flesh on
the bones; gaunt.
Shak.
Raw"head` (?), n. A specter
mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and
bloodybones.
Raw"hide` (?), n. A cowhide, or
coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.
Raw"ish, a. Somewhat raw.
[R.]
Marston.
Raw"ly, adv. 1. In a raw
manner; unskillfully; without experience.
2. Without proper preparation or provision.
Shak.
Raw"ness, n. The quality or state of
being raw.
Ray (?), v. t. [An aphetic form
of array; cf. Beray.]
1. To array. [Obs.]
Sir T. More.
2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to
defile. [Obs.] \'bdThe fifth that did it
ray.\'b8
Spenser.
Ray, n. Array; order; arrangement;
dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray.
Spenser.
Ray, n. [OF. rai, F.
rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff,
rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.] 1.
One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common
point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of
six rays.
2. (Bot.) A radiating part of the flower
or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster
or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular
flower cluster; radius. See Radius.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of
fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a
radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an
ophiuran.
4. (Physics) (a) A line of
light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a
single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as,
a solar ray; a polarized ray.
(b) One of the component elements of the total
radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the
spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet
ray. See Illust. under
Light.
5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory
of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye
to the object seen.
All eyes direct their rays
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.
Pope.
6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging
lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending
indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray.
Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See
Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary
ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray
divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary
law of refraction. -- Ordinary ray
(Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided
by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of
refraction. -- Pencil of rays (Geom.),
a definite system of rays. -- Ray
flower, Ray floret
(Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the
capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod,
daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped
corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and
five-lobed. -- Ray point (Geom.),
the common point of a pencil of rays. -- R\'94ntgen
ray (/) (Phys.), a kind of ray
generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the
electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many
bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and
fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal
structure of opaque objects are made, called
radiographs, or sciagraphs<-- or X-ray
photographs, radiograms, or X-rays -->. So called from the
discoverer, W. C. R\'94ntgen. -- X ray,
the R\'94ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of
its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol
for an unknown quantity.
Ray, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Raying.] [Cf. OF. raier,
raiier, rayer, L. radiare to
irradiate. See Ray, n., and cf.
Radiate.] 1. To mark with long
lines; to streak. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. [From Ray, n.] To
send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to
ray smiles. [R.]
Thompson.
Ray, v. t. To shine, as with rays.
Mrs. Browning.
Ray, n. [F. raie, L.
raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the
order Rai\'91, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes,
etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the
broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays.
See Skate.
Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed
eagle ray (Stoasodon n\'85rinari) of the Southern
United States and the West Indies. -- Butterfly
ray, a short-tailed American sting ray
(Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral
fins. -- Devil ray. See Sea
Devil. -- Eagle ray, any large ray of
the family Myliobatid\'91, or
\'92tobatid\'91. The common European species
(Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip
ray, and miller. --
Electric ray, or Cramp ray,
a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common
European skate (Raia radiata). -- Sting
ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family
Trygonid\'91 having one or more large, sharp, barbed
dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also
stingaree.
\'d8Ra"yah (?), n. [Ar.
ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to
pasture, guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays
the capitation tax. [Turkey.]
Ray" grass` (?) [Etymol. of ray
is uncertain.] (Bot.) A perennial European
grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye
grass, and red darnel. See
Darnel, and Grass.
Italian ray, ,
grass. See Darnel, and
Grass.
Ray"less (?), a. Destitute of
rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a
rayless sky; rayless eyes.
Ray"on (?), n. [F.]
Ray; beam. [Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- Rayon. A synthetic fiber, consisting of a polyamide -->
Ray"on*nant (?), a. [F.]
(Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun when it
shines out.
Raze (?), n. [See
Rack.] A Shakespearean word (used once)
supposed to mean the same as race, a root.<--
Obs. -->
Raze, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Razed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Razing.] [F. raser. See
Rase, v. t.] [Written also
rase.] 1. To erase; to efface;
to obliterate.
Razing the characters of your renown.
Shak.
2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level
with the ground; to destroy; to demolish.
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert;
destroy; ruin. See Demolish.
Razed (?), a. Slashed or
striped in patterns. [Obs.] \'bdTwo Provincial
roses on my razed shoes.\'b8
Shak.
Ra*zee" (?), n. [F. vaisseau
ras\'82, fr. raser to rase, to cut down
ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase,
v. t.] (Naut.) An armed ship
having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next
inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.
Totten.
Ra*zoe", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Razeed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Razeeing.] To cut down to a less number
of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or glass, as a ship;
hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts;
as, to razee a book, or an article.
Ra"zor (?), n. [OE.
rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor:
cf. F. rasoir, LL. rasorium. See
Raze, v. t., Rase, v.
t.] 1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar
shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head.
\'bdTake thee a barber's rasor.\'b8
<-- also called straight razor -->
Ezek. v. 1.
<-- (b) a similar device for shaving, with a replaceable blade.
Also called safety razor. Also a similar device, made of
plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be
sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls --
called a disposable razor. --> -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A task of a wild
boar.
Razor fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A small Mediterranean fish (Coryph\'91na
novacula), prized for the table. (b) The
razor shell. -- Razor grass (Bot.),
a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the
triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute
sharp teeth. -- Razor grinder
(Zo\'94l.), the European goat-sucker. --
Razor shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine
bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially
Solen, , which
have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor
handle in shape. Called also rasor clam,
razor fish, knife
handle. -- Razor stone. Same as
Novaculite. -- Razor strap, razor strop, a strap or strop used in
sharpening razors.<-- safety razor; disposable razor;
electric razor -->
Ra"sor*a*ble (?), a. Ready for
the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.]
Shak.
Ra"zor*back" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The rorqual.
Ra"zor-backed" (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back;
as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.
Ra"zor*bill (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A species of auk
(Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See
Auk, and Illust. in Appendix.
(b) See Cutwater, 3.
Ra"zure (?), n. [See
Rasure.]
1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of
being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure.
2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.
\'d8Raz"zi*a (?), n. [F., fr.
Ar. gh\'bez\'c6a (pron. razia in
Algeria).] A plundering and destructive incursion; a
foray; a rai/.
Re- (?). [L. re-, older form
(retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-,
r\'82-.] A prefix signifying
back, against, again,
anew; as, recline, to lean back;
recall, to call back; recede; remove;
reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight
against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin,
to join again; reiterate, reassure.
Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily
formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.
Re (r. [It.]
(Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the
second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system,
to the second tone of any diatonic scale.
Re`ab*sorb" (?), v. t. To
absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused,
extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to
reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of
fluids.
Re`ab*sorp"tion (?), n. The act
or process of rearbsorbing.
Re`ac*cess" (?), n. A second
access or approach; a return.
Hakewill.
Re"ac*cuse" (?), v. t. To
accuse again.
Cheyne.
Reach, n. An effort to vomit.
[R.]
Reach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reached (?) (Raught, the old
preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS.
r, r, to extend,
stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen,
and possibly to AS. r\'c6ce powerful, rich, E.
rich. 1. To extend; to
stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member,
something held, or the like.
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,
Unto her heeles down they raughten.
Rom. of R.
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my
side.
John xx. 27.
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far
Their pampered boughs.
Milton.
2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member,
especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another;
to hand over; as, to reach one a book.
He reached me a full cap.
2 Esd. xiv. 39.
3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the
hand; too extend some part of the body, or something held by one,
so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to
reach an object with the hand, or with a
spear.
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,
Than I may reach the beast.
Dryden.
4. To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; as,
to reach an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a
shell.
5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence
to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
If these examples of grown men reach not the case
of children, let them examine.
Locke.
6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch
by virtue of extent; as, his hand reaches the
river.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
That reaches blame.
Milton.
7. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain
to; to gain; to be advanced to.
The best account of the appearances of nature which human
penetration can reach, comes short of its reality.
Cheyne.
9. To understand; to comprehend.
[Obs.]
Do what, sir? I reach you not.
Beau. & Fl.
10. To overreach; to deceive.
[Obs.]
South.
Reach, v. t. 1. To stretch out
the hand.
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste!
Milton.
2. To strain after something; to make
efforts.
Reaching above our nature does no good.
Dryden.
3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action,
influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to,
something.
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it
reached to heaven.
Gen. xxviii. 12.
The new world reaches quite across the torrid
zone.
Boyle.
4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from
one point of tacking to another, or with the ind nearly
abeam.
To reach after at,
to make efforts to attain to or obtain.
He would be in the mind reaching after a positive
idea of infinity.
Locke.
Reach, n. 1. The act of
stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching
with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as,
the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within
reach of cannon shot.
2. The power of stretching out or extending action,
influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent
of force or capacity.
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than
themselves to matters which they least intended.
Hayward.
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.
Pope.
3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application;
influence; result; scope.
And on the left hand, hell,
With long reach, interposed.
Milton.
I am to pray you not to strain my speech
To grosser issues, nor to larger reach
Than to suspicion.
Shak.
4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch;
a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to
another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of
the sea extending up into the land. \'bdThe river's wooded
reach.\'b8
Tennyson.
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and
reaches.
Holland.
5. An article to obtain an advantage.
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends
of his own underhand to cross the design.
Bacon.
6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle
with the forward bolster of a wagon.
Reach"a*ble (?), a. Being
within reach.
Reach"er (?), n. 1.
One who reaches.
2. An exaggeration. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Reach"less, a. Being beyond reach;
lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight.
Bp. Hall.
Re*act" (?), v. t. To act or
perform a second time; to do over again; as, to
react a play; the same scenes were reacted at
Rome.<-- = re-enact? -->
Re*act" (?), v. i. 1.
To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of
another body by an opposite force; as, every body
reacts on the body that impels it from its natural
state.
<-- p. 1194 -->
2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal
or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in
opposition.
Re*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82action.] 1. Any action in
resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a
contrary direction; reverse action.
2. (Chem.) The mutual or reciprocal
action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon
such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or
electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of
these agents, with the production of new compounds or the
manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe
reaction, Flame reaction, under
Blowpipe, and Flame.
3. (Med.) An action included by vital
resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of
vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation;
heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or
shock.
4. (Mech.) The force which a body
subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon
the latter body in the opposite direction.
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action,
that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are
always equal and in opposite directions.
Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).
5. (Politics) Backward tendency or
movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any
direction.
The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and
fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming
reaction.
Macaulay.
Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve
physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to
an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; --
called also physiological time. --
Reaction wheel (Mech.), a water wheel
driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water,
entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction
opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or
inclined, to its radii.
Re*ac"tion*a*ry (?), a. Being,
causing, or favoring reaction; as, reactionary
movements.
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl.
Reactionaries (/). One who
favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or
revolution.
Re*ac"tion*ist, n. A reactionary.
C. Kingsley.
Re*act`ive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82actif.] Having power to react; tending
to reaction; of the nature of reaction. --
Re*act"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*act"ive*ness, n.
Read (?), n. Rennet. See 3d
Reed. [Prov. Eng.]
Read (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Read (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.]
[OE. reden, r\'91den, AS.
r to read, advice, counsel, fr.
r advise, counsel, r
(imperf. reord) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D.
raden to advise, G. raten,
rathen, Icel. r\'be, Goth.
r (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr.
r\'bedh to succeed.
1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See
Rede.
Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and
thereby try all doctrine.
Tyndale.
2. To interpret; to explain; as, to
read a riddle.
3. To tell; to declare; to recite.
[Obs.]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin.
Spenser.
4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter
aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense
of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it
is expressed; to peruse; as, to read a discourse; to
read the letters of an alphabet; to read
figures; to read the notes of music, or to read
music; to read a book.
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.
Chaucer.
Well could he rede a lesson or a story.
Chaucer.
5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.
Who is't can read a woman?
Shak.
6. To discover or understand by characters, marks,
features, etc.; to learn by observation.
An armed corse did lie,
In whose dead face he read great magnanimity.
Spenser.
Those about her
From her shall read the perfect ways of honor.
Shak.
7. To make a special study of, as by perusing
textbooks; as, to read theology or law.
To read one's self in, to read about the
Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required
of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates
in a new benefice.
Read, v. t. 1. To give advice
or counsel. [Obs.]
2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to
go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like
document.
So they read in the book of the law of God
distinctly, and gave the sense.
Neh. viii. 8.
4. To study by reading; as, he read
for the bar.
5. To learn by reading.
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to
death for an iniquitous sentence.
Swift.
6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed
by, or consist of, certain words or characters; as, the
passage reads thus in the early manuscripts.
7. To produce a certain effect when read; as,
that sentence reads queerly.
To read between the lines, to infer something
different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real
meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.
Read, n. [AS. r
counsel, fr. r to counsel. See
Read, v. t.]
1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice;
counsel. See Rede. [Obs.]
2. [Read, v.]
Reading. [Colloq.]
Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a
read.
Furnivall.
Read (?), imp. & p. p. of
Read, v. t. & i.
Read (?), a. Instructed or
knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus.
Addison.
Read"a*ble (?), a. Such as can
be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading;
interesting. -- Read"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Read"a*bly,
adv,.
Read`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being readable; readableness.
Re`ad*dress" (?), v. t. To
address a second time; -- often used reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her.
Boyle.
Re`a*dept (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + L. adeptus. p. p. of
adipisci to obtain.] To regain; to
recover. [Obs.]
Re`a*dep"tion (?), n. A
regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Read"er (?), n. [AS.
r.] 1. One who
reads. Specifically: (a) One whose
distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.
(b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who
reads lectures on scientific subjects. Lyell.
(c) A proof reader. (d) One who
reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding
their merit.
2. One who reads much; one who is studious.
3. A book containing a selection of extracts for
exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a
language; a reading book.
Read"er*ship, n. The office of
reader.
Lyell.
Read"i*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a ready manner; quickly; promptly.
Chaucer.
2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance;
willingly; cheerfully.
How readily we wish time spent revoked!
Cowper.
Read"i*ness, n. The state or quality of
being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude;
willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of
mind.
Acts xvii. 11.
Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude;
promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness;
dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See Facility.
Read"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written
matter to be read.
2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a
man of extensive reading.
3. A lecture or prelection; public recital.
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.
Hooker.
4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word
or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection;
version.
5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the
stage; way of rendering. [Cant]
6. An observation read from the scale of a
graduated instrument; as, the reading of a
barometer.
Reading of a bill (Legislation),
its normal recital, by the proper officer, before the House
which is to consider it.
Read"ing, a. 1. Of or
pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading
community.
Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a
reader. -- Reading desk, a desk to support a
book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service
in a church. -- Reading glass, a large lens
with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and
used in reading, etc. -- Reading man, one who
reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close,
industrious student. -- Reading room, a room
appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers,
periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.
Re`ad*journ" (?), v. t. To
adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.
Re`ad*journ"ment (?), n. The
act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.
Re`ad*just" (?), v. t. To
adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation;
to rearrange.
Re`ad*just"er (?), n. One who,
or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United
States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial
repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's
creditors.
Re`ad*just"ment (?), n. A
second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.
Re`ad*mis"sion (?), n. The act
of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; as, the
readmission fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the
readmission of a student into a seminary.
Re`ad*mit" (?), v. t. To admit
again; to give entrance or access to again.
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye
Gracious to readmit the suppliant.
Milton.
Re`ad*mit"tance (?), n.
Allowance to enter again; a second admission.
Re`a*dopt" (?), v. t. To adopt
again.
Young.
Re`a*dorn" (?), v. t. To adorn
again or anew.
Re`ad*vance" (?), v. i. To
advance again.
Re`ad*vert"en*cy (?), n. The
act of adverting to again, or of reviewing.
[R.]
Norris.
Read"y (?), a.
[Compar. Readier (?);
superl. Readiest.] [AS.
r; akin to D. gereed,
bereid, G. bereit, Goth.
gar\'a0ids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E.
ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf.
Array, 1st Curry.]
1. Prepared for what one is about to do or
experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act
or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the
troops are ready to march; ready for the
journey. \'bdWhen she redy was.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no
delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. \'bdDinner
was ready.\'b8
Fielding.
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are
ready: come unto the marriage.
Matt. xxii. 4.
3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant;
willing; free; inclined; disposed.
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at
Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.
Acts xxi. 13.
If need be, I am ready to forego
And quit.
Milton.
4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or
perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as,
a ready apprehension; ready wit; a
ready writer or workman. \'bdReady
in devising expedients.\'b8
Macaulay.
Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly.
Sir W. Scott.
5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune;
convenient; near; easy. \'bdThe readiest
way.\'b8
Milton.
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground,
The readiest weapon that his fury found.
Dryden.
6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with
a following infinitive.
My heart is ready to crack.
Shak.
7. (Mil.) A word of command, or a
position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and
held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is,
aim.
All ready, ready in every particular; wholly
equipped or prepared. \'bd[I] am all redy at your
hest.\'b8 Chaucer. -- Ready money,
means of immediate payment; cash. \'bd'Tis all the ready
money fate can give.\'b8 Cowley. -- Ready
reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating
computations, as of interest, prices, etc. -- To make
ready, to make preparation; to get in
readiness.
Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating;
dexterous; apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune;
fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See
Prompt.
Read"y (?), adv. In a state of
preparation for immediate action; so as to need no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed.
Num. xxxii. 17.
Read"y, n. Ready money; cash; --
commonly with the; as, he was supplied with the
ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to
law, or to clear old debts.
Arbuthnot.
Read"y, v. t. To dispose in order.
[Obs.]
Heywood.
Read"y-made` (?), a. Made
already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to
order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made
jokes.
Read"y-wit`ted (?), a. Having
ready wit.
Re`af*firm" (?), v. t. To
affirm again.
{ Re`af*firm"ance (?),
Re*af`fir*ma"tion (?) } n.
A second affirmation.
Re`af*for"est (?), v. t. To
convert again into the forest, as a region of country.
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion (?), n.
The act or process of converting again into a forest.
Re*a"gent (?), n. (Chem.)
A substance capable of producing with another a reaction,
especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies;
a test.
Re*ag`gra*va"tion (?), n. (R.
C. Ch.) The last monitory, published after three
admonitions and before the last excommunication.
Re`a*gree" (?), v. t. To agree
again.
Reak (?), n. [////. Cf.
Wrack seaweed.] A rush.
[Obs.] \'bdFeeds on reaks and reeds.\'b8
Drant.
Reak, n. [Cf. Icel. hrekkr,
or E. wreak vengeance.] A prank.
[Obs.] \'bdThey play such reaks.\'b8
Beau & Fl.
Re"al (?), n. [Sp., fr.
real royal, L. regalis. See Regal,
and cf. Ree a coin.] A small Spanish silver
coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit
of the Spanish monetary system.
real of plate (coin) varied in value
according to the time of its coinage, from 12real
vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five
cents, or 2
Re*al" (?), a. Royal; regal;
kingly. [Obs.] \'bdThe blood real
of Thebes.\'b8
Chaucer.
Re"al (?), a. [LL.
realis, fr. L. res, rei, a
thing: cf. F. r\'82el. Cf. Rebus.]
1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or
imaginary; as, a description of real
life.
Whereat I waked, and found
Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowed.
Milton.
2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or
factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the
real reason; real Madeira wine; real
ginger.<-- split reason from objects. -->
Whose perfection far excelled
Hers in all real dignity.
Milton.
5. Relating to things, not to persons.
[Obs.]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable
of the real part of business.
Bacon.
4. (Alg.) Having an assignable
arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.
5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed,
permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as,
real property, in distinction from personal or
movable property.
Chattels real (Law), such chattels
as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of
land. See Chattel. -- Real action
(Law), an action for the recovery of real
property. -- Real assets (Law),
lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable
with the debts of the ancestor. -- Real
composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made
between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent
of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment
of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to
the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof.
Blackstone. -- Real estate property, lands, tenements, and
hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in
houses and land. Kent. Burrill. --
Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual
presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the
conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real
body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches
there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the
sense of transubstantiation. -- Real
servitude, called also Predial
servitude (Civil Law), a burden
imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another
proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier.
Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. --
Real, Actual. Real represents a
thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not
imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as
acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing
real, we often say, \'bdIt actually
exists,\'b8 \'bdIt has actually been done.\'b8 Thus
its really is shown by its actually.
Actual, from this reference to being acted,
has recently received a new signification, namely,
present; as, the actual posture of affairs;
since what is now in action, or going on, has, of
course, a present existence. An actual
fact; a real sentiment.
For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contracts the danger of an actual fault.
Dryden.
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the
reality of things.
Locke.
<-- p. 1195 -->
Re"al (?), n. A realist.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Re*al"gar (?), n. [F.
r\'82algar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al
gh\'ber powder of the mine.] (Min.)
Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red
orpiment. It is also an artificial product.
Re"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82alisme.] 1. (Philos.)
(a) An opposed to nominalism, the
doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities,
existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism
the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or
in re (Aristotle). (b)
As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in
sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external
object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and
representative.
2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to
real life; representation without idealization, and making no
appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.
<-- 3. the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of
the consequences of actions in an objective manner; avoidance of
unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts. Contrasted to
idealism, self-deception, overimaginativeness, or visionariness.
-->
Re"al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82aliste.] 1. (Philos.)
One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that
generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and
species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere
names, as maintained by the nominalists.
2. (Art. & Lit.) An artist or writer who
aims at realism in his work. See Realism, 2.
<-- 3. a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical beliefs or
efforts. Contrasted to idealist or visionary. -->
Re`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists;
characterized by realism rather than by imagination.
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In the
realistic manner.
Re*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Realities (#). [Cf. F.
r\'82alit\'82, LL. realitas. See 3d
Real. and cf. 2d Realty.] 1.
The state or quality of being real; actual being or
existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance;
fact.
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in
reality he does not comprehend his meaning.
Addison.
2. That which is real; an actual existence; that
which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has
objective existence, and is not merely an idea.
And to realities yield all her shows.
Milton.
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is reality to
me.
Beattie.
3. [See 1st Realty, 2.]
Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor.
Fuller.
4. (Law) See 2d Realty,
2.
Re"al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable
of being realized.
Re`al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82alisation.] The act of realizing, or
the state of being realized.
Re"al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Realized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Realizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
r\'82aliser.] 1. To make real; to
convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to
bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to
realize a scheme or project.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis,
weighting a single grain against the globe of earth.
Glanvill.
2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind
as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in
apprehension or experience.
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek
inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us.
Jowett.
We can not realize it in thought, that the object .
. . had really no being at any past moment.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To convert into real property; to make real
estate of; as, to realize his fortune.
4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as
the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to
realize large profits from a speculation.
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by
diligent thrift realize a good estate.
Macaulay.
5. To convert into actual money; as, to
realize assets.
Re"al*ize, v. t. To convert any kind of
property into money, especially property representing
investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a
word now first brought into use to express the conversion of
ideal property into something real.
W. Irving.
Re"al*i`zer (?), n. One who
realizes.
Coleridge.
Re"al*i`zing (?), a. Serving to
make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; as, a
realizing view of the danger incurred. --
Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv.
Re`al*lege" (?), v. t. To
allege again.
Cotgrave.
Re`al*li"ance (?), n. A renewed
alliance.
Re"-al*ly" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + ally, v. t.] To bring
together again; to compose or form anew.
Spenser.
Re"al*ly` (?), adv.
Royally. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re"al*ly (?), adv. In a real
manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of
madness.
Swift.
Really is often used familiarly as a
slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old.
Young.
Realm (?), n. [OE.
realme, ream, reaume, OF.
reialme, roialme, F. royaume,
fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L.
regalis royal. See Regal.] 1.
A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the
dominion of a king; a kingdom.
The absolute master of realms on which the sun
perpetually alone.
Motley.
2. Hence, in general, province; region; country;
domain; department; division; as, the realm of
fancy.
Realm"less, a. Destitute of a
realm.
Keats.
Re"al*ness (?), n. The quality
or condition of being real; reality.
Re"al*ty (?), n. [OF.
r\'82alt\'82, LL. regalitas, fr. L.
regalis. See Regal.] 1.
Royalty. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.]
Milton.
Re"al*ty, n. [Contr. from 1st
Reality.] 1. Realty.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the
fixed, permanent nature of real property; as, chattels which
savor of the realty; -- so written in legal
language for reality. (b) Real
estate; a piece of real property.
Blackstone.
Ream (?), n. [AS.
re\'a0m, akin to G. rahm.]
Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale.
[Scot.]
Ream, v. i. To cream; to mantle.
[Scot.]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the
hostess, reamed with excellent claret.
Sir W. Scott.
Ream, v. t. [Cf. Reim.]
To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or
filaments.
Ream, n. [OE. reme, OF.
rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma),
fr. Ar. rizma a bundle, especially of paper.]
A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting
of twenty quires or 480 sheets.<-- now 500 -->
Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires.
[Eng.] A common practice is now to count five
hundred sheets to the ream.
Knight.
Ream, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reaming.] [Cf. G. r\'84umen
to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See
Room.] To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole
in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a
hole, with a reamer.
Reame (?), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ream"er, n. One who, or that which,
reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping
edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole,
as a bore of a cannon, etc.
Re*am`pu*ta"tion (?), n.
(Surg.) The second of two amputations performed
upon the same member.
Re*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To
animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new
life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate;
as, to reanimate a drowned person; to
reanimate disheartened troops; to reanimate
languid spirits.
Glanvill.
Re*an"i*ma"tion (?), n. The act
or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated;
reinvigoration; revival.
Re`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex
again or anew; to reunite. \'bdTo reannex that
duchy.\'b8
Bacon.
Re*an`nex*a"tion (?), n. Act of
reannexing.
Re*an"swer (?), v. t. & i. To
answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends
for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would
bow under.
Shak.
Reap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.]
[OE. repen, AS. r\'c6pan to seize,
reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G.
raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E.
ripe.] 1. To cut with a sickle,
scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by
cutting.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt
not wholly reap the corners of thy field.
Lev.///. 9.
2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or
harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a
bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from
exertions.
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing
For peace, reap nothing but repulse and hate?
Milton.
3. To clear or a crop by reaping; as, to
reap a field.
4. To deprive of the beard; to shave.
[R.]
Shak.
Reaping hook, an instrument having a
hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific
sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of
serrated.
Reap, v. i. To perform the act or
operation of reaping; to gather a harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.
Ps. cxxvi. 5.
Reap, n. [Cf. AS. r\'c6p
harvest. See Reap, v.] A bundle of
grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is
cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Reap"er, n. 1. One who
reaps.
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads.
Macaulay.
2. A reaping machine.
Re`ap*par"el (?), v. t. To
clothe again.
Re`ap*pear (?), v. i. To appear
again.
Re`ap*pear"ance (?), v. i. A
second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing
again.
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. The
act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.
Re`ap*ply" (?), v. t. & i. To
apply again.
Re`ap*point" (?), v. t. To
appoint again.
Re`ap*point"ment (?), n. The
act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.
Re`ap*por"tion (?), v. t. To
apportion again.
Re`ap*por"tion*ment (?), n. A
second or a new apportionment.
Re`ap*proach" (?), v. i. & t.
To approach again or anew.
Rear (?), adv. Early;
soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear!
Gay.
Rear, n. [OF. riere behind,
backward, fr. L. retro. Cf. Arrear.]
1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind,
or last on order; -- opposed to front.
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost.
Milton.
2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which
comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear.
Milton.
Rear, a. Being behind, or in the
hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear rank of a
company.
Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in
rank below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See
Admiral. -- Rear front
(Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when
faced about and standing in that position. -- Rear
guard (Mil.), the division of an army that
marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also
figuratively. -- Rear line (Mil.),
the line in the rear of an army. -- Rear rank
(Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which
is in the rear, or last in order. -- Rear sight
(Firearms), the sight nearest the breech. --
To bring up the rear, to come last or
behind.
Rear (?), v. t. To place in the
rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]
Rear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rearing.] [AS. r
to raise, rear, elevate, for r, causative of
r\'c6san to rise. See Rise, and cf.
Raise.] 1. To raise; to lift up; to
cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to
rear a monolith.
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss; he reared me.
Milton.
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts.
Barrow.
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her
banner.
Ld. Lytton.
2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct;
as, to rear defenses or houses; to rear one
government on the ruins of another.
One reared a font of stone.
Tennyson.
3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or
R.]
And having her from Trompart lightly reared,
Upon his set the lovely load.
Spenser.
4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate;
to instruct; to foster; as, to rear
offspring.
He wants a father to protect his youth,
And rear him up to virtue.
Southern.
5. To breed and raise; as, to rear
cattle.
6. To rouse; to strip up. [Obs.]
And seeks the tusky boar to rear.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish.
See the Note under Raise, 3 (c).
Rear, v. i. To rise up on the hind legs,
as a horse; to become erect.
Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse
from lifting his head when rearing.
Knight.
{ Rear"dorse (?), Rear"doss
(?) }, n. A reredos.
Rear"er (?), n. One he, or that
which, rears.
Re*ar"gue (?), v. t. To argue
anew or again.
Re*ar"gu*ment (?), n. An
arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.
Rear"-horse` (?), n. [So called
because it rears up when disturbed.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mantis.
Rear"ly, adv. Early.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Ft.
Rear"most` (?), a. Farthest in
the rear; last.
{ Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse` (?)
}, n. [AS. hr;
probably fr. hr to agitate, stir (akin to G.
r\'81hren, Icel. hr\'91ra) +
m mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) The
leather-winged bat (Vespertilio murinus).
[Written also reermouse.]
Re`ar*range" (?), v. t. To
arrange again; to arrange in a different way.
Re`ar*range"ment (?), n. The
act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.
Rear"ward`, n. [Rear +
ward.] The last troop; the rear of an army;
a rear guard. Also used figuratively.
Shak.
Rear"ward (?), a. & adv. At or
toward the rear.
Re`as*cend" (?), v. i. To rise,
mount, or climb again.
Re`as*cend", v. t. To ascend or mount
again; to reach by ascending again.
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies.
Addison.
Re`as*cen"sion (?), n. The act
of reascending; a remounting.
Re`as*cent" (?), n. A returning
ascent or ascension; acclivity.
Cowper.
Rea"son (?), n. [OE.
resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio
(akin to Goth. rapj/ number, account,
garapjan to count, G. rede speech,
reden to speak), fr. reri,
ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf.
Arraign, Rate, Ratio,
Ration.] 1. A thought or a
consideration offered in support of a determination or an
opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which
is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of
an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a
determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a
conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of
argument.
I'll give him reasons for it.
Shak.
The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel
watch is by the motion of the next wheel.
Sir M. Hale.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the
church was called \'bdcatholic.\'b8
Bp. Pearson.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a
natural and eternal reason for that goodness and
virtue, and against vice and wickedness.
Tillotson.
2. The faculty of capacity of the human mind by
which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior
animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive
faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the
feelings and desires. Reason comprises conception,
judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically,
it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as
distinguished from the understanding, which is called the
discursive or ratiocinative faculty.
We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything
divine or human, but by our five senses and our
reason.
P. Browne.
In common and popular discourse, reason denotes
that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and
right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means
for the attainment of particular ends.
Stewart.
Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of
those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute
his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual
powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or
argumentation.
Stewart.
By the pure reason I mean the power by which we
become possessed of principles.
Coleridge.
The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar
operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized
understanding, comprehends.
Coleridge.
<-- p. 1196 -->
3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty;
accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by,
the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear
and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated
or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct;
right; propriety; justice.
I was promised, on a time,
To have reason for my rhyme.
Spenser.
But law in a free nation hath been ever public
reason; the enacted reason of a parliament,
which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which
ought to be our law; interposing his own private
reason, which to us is no law.
Milton.
The most probable way of bringing France to reason
would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies.
Addison.
4. (Math.) Ratio; proportion.
[Obs.]
Barrow.
By reason of, by means of; on account of;
because of. \'bdSpain is thin sown of people, partly by
reason of the sterility of the soil.\'b8 Bacon.
In reason, In all reason, in justice;
with rational ground; in a right view.
When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of
that kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to
doubt of its existence.
Tillotson.
-- It is reason, it is reasonable; it is
right. [Obs.]
Yet it were great reason, that those
that have children should have greatest care of future times.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle;
sake; account; object; purpose; design. See Motive,
Sense.
Rea"son (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reasoned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reasoning.] [Cf. F.
raisonner. See Reason, n.]
1. To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce
inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or
of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a
systematic comparison of facts.
2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of
induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and
set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to
argue.
Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the
Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord.
1 Sam. xii. 7.
3. To converse; to compare opinions.
Shak.
Rea"son, v. t. 1. To arrange
and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by
arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the
matter with my friend.
When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well
reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such a
theory.
T. Burnet.
2. To support with reasons, as a request.
[R.]
Shak.
3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to
reason one into a belief; to reason one out of
his plan.
Men that will not be reasoned into their
senses.
L'Estrange.
4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; --
with down; as, to reason down a
passion.
5. To find by logical process; to explain or
justify by reason or argument; -- usually with out;
as, to reason out the causes of the librations of
the moon.
Rea"son*a*ble (?), a. [OE.
resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L.
rationabilis. See Reason, n.]
1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with
reason; rational; as, a reasonable being.
2. Governed by reason; being under influence of
reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to
the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational;
as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable
men.
By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of
any reasonable cause of doubting.
Bp. Wilkins.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable.
Burke.
3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits;
proper; as, a reasonable demand, amount,
price.
Let . . . all things be thought upon
That may, with reasonable swiftness, add
More feathers to you wings.
Shak.
Syn. -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable;
moderate; tolerable. See Rational.
Rea"son*a*ble, adv. Reasonable;
tolerably. [Obs.]
I have a reasonable good ear in music.
Shak.
Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
reasonable.
Rea"son*a*bly, adv. 1. In a
reasonable manner.
2. Moderately; tolerably.
\'bdReasonably perfect in the language.\'b8
Holder.
Rea"son*er (?), n. One who
reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a close
reasoner; a logical reasoner.
Rea"son*ing, n. 1. The act or
process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting
one's reasons.
2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or
reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument.
His reasoning was sufficiently profound.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Argumentation; argument. --
Reasoning, Argumentation. Few words are more
interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a
difference between them. Reasoning is the broader
term, including both deduction and induction.
Argumentation denotes simply the former, and descends
from the whole to some included part; while reasoning
embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See
Induction. Reasoning is occupied with ideas
and their relations; argumentation has to do with the
forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it;
you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your
distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections.
Such is argumentation. It supposes that there are two
sides, and that both agree to the same rules.
Reasoning, on the other hand, is often a natural
process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or
special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater
or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or
weakened by subsequent experience.
Rea"son*ist, n. A rationalist.
[Obs.]
Such persons are now commonly called
\'bdreasonists\'b8 and
\'bdrationalists,\'b8 to distinguish them from true
reasoners and rational inquirers.
Waterland.
Rea"son*less, a. 1. Destitute
of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind.
Shak.
2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by
reason; unreasonable.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
Shak.
Re`as*sem"blage (?), n.
Assemblage a second time or again.
Re`as*sem"ble (?), v. t. & i.
To assemble again.
Re`as*sert" (?), v. t. To
assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do
so.
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will
reassert our claim to respectability in
literature.
Walsh.
Re`as*ser"tion (?), n. A second
or renewed assertion of the same thing.
Re`as*sess"ment (?), n. A
renewed or second assessment.
Re`as*sign" (?), v. t. To
assign back or again; to transfer back what has been
assigned.
Re`as*sign"ment (?), n. The act
of reassigning.
Re`as*sim"i*late (?), v. t. & i.
To assimilate again. --
Re`as*sim`i*la"tion (#),
n.
Re`as*so"ci*ate (?), v. t. & i.
To associate again; to bring again into close
relatoins.
Re`as*sume" (?), v. t. To
assume again or anew; to resume. --
Re`as*sump"tion (#),
n.
Re`as*sur"ance (?), n. 1.
Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.
Prynne.
2. (Law) Same as
Reinsurance.
Re`as*sure" (?), v. t. 1.
To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear
or terror.
They rose with fear, . . .
Till dauntless Pallas reassured the rest.
Dryden.
2. To reinsure.
Re`as*sur"er (?), n. One who
reassures.
Reas"ty (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt
meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. --
Reas"ti*ness (#), n.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Re*a"ta (?), n. [Sp.]
A lariat.
Re`at*tach (?), v. t. To attach
again.<-- the object reattached may have been an integral
part which had never been "attached" (trans), e.g., to reattach a
severed finger. -->
Re`at*tach"ment (?), n. The act
of reattaching; a second attachment.
Re`at*tain" (?), v. t. To
attain again.
Re`at*tain"ment (?), n. The act
of reattaining.
Re`at*tempt" (?), v. t. To
attempt again.
Re`aume (?), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
R\'82`au`mur" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Ren\'82 Antoine Ferchault de R\'82aumur;
conformed to the scale adopted by R\'82aumur in graduating the
thermometer he invented. -- n. A
R\'82aumur thermometer or scale.
R\'82aumur thermometer is so
graduated that 0Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See
Illust. of Thermometer.
Reave (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reaved (?),
Reft (/), or Raft (/)
(obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reaving.] [AS. re\'a0fian,
from re\'a0f spoil, plunder, clothing,
re\'a2fan to break (cf. bire\'a2fan to
deprive of); akin to G. rauben to rob, Icel.
raufa to rob, rj to break, violate,
Goth. bir\'a0ubon to despoil, L. rumpere to
break; cf. Skr. lup to break. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe,
Rove, v. t., Rupture.] To
take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to
despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. \'bdTo
reave his life.\'b8
Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon.
Chaucer.
By privy stratagem my life at home.
Chapman.
<-- #sic. Obviously, something left out of this quote. -->
To reave the orphan of his patrimony.
Shak.
The heaven caught and reft him of his tongue.
Tennyson.
Reav"er (?), n. One who
reaves. [Archaic]
Re`a*wake" (?), v. i. To awake
again.
Re*ban"ish (?), v. t. To banish
again.
Re*bap"tism (?), n. A second
baptism.
Re*bap`ti*sa"tion, n. [Cf. F.
rebaptisation.] A second baptism.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
Re`bap*tize" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + baptist: of F. rebaptiser,
L. rebaptizare.] To baptize again or a
second time.
Re`bap*tiz"er (?), n. One who
rebaptizes.
Re*bar"ba*rize (?), v. t. To
reduce again to barbarism. --
Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion (#),
n.
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology
and religious wars.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Re*bate" (?), v. t. [F.
rebattre to beat again; pref re- re- +
battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike.
See Abate.] 1. To beat to
obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the
point of, as a lance used for exercise.
But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge.
Shak.
2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as
interest due, or customs duties.
Blount.
<-- 2 (b). To return a portion of a sum paid, as a method of
discounting. -->
Rebated cross, a cross which has the
extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the
fylfot.
Re*bate", v. i. To abate; to
withdraw. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Re*bate", n. 1.
Diminution.
2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as,
a rebate of interest for immediate payment; a
rebate of importation duties.
Bouvier.
<-- 2 (b). A portion of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as
a method of discounting. The rebate is sometimes returned by the
manufacturer, after the full price is paid to the retailer by the
purchaser. -->
Re*bate", n. [See
Rabbet.] 1. (Arch.) A
restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or
edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet.
2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and
serving to beat out mortar.
Elmes.
3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel,
and used for dressing and polishing wood.
Elmes.
4. [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of
hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.]
Elmes.
Re*bate", v. t. To cut a rebate in. See
Rabbet, v.
Re*bate"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish, F.
rabatre.] Same as 3d Rebate,
v.
Re*ba"to (?), n. Same as
Rabato.
Burton.
Re"bec (?), n. [F., fr. It.
ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rab\'beb
a musical instrument of a round form.] 1.
(Mus.) An instrument formerly used which somewhat
resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with
a bow. [Written also rebeck.]
Milton.
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note.
Drayton.
2. A contemptuous term applied to an old
woman. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reb"el (?), a. [F.
rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See
Rebel, v. t.] Pertaining to rebels
or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as,
rebel troops.
Whoso be rebel to my judgment.
Chaucer.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law.
Milton.
Reb"el, n. [F.
rebelle.] One who rebels.
Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent. --
Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an
early, and rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition
to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter
makes war upon them.
Re*bel" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rebelled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebelling.] [F. rebeller,
fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref.
re- again + bellare to make war, fr.
bellum war. See Bellicose, and cf.
Revel to carouse.] 1. To renounce,
and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to
which one owes obedience. See Rebellion.
The murmur and the churl's rebelling.
Chaucer.
Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel
this day against the Lord.
Josh. xxii. 16.
2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a
hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt.
Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart?
How could you heart rebel against your reason?
Dryden.
Reb"el*dom (?), n. A region
infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also,
conduct o/ quality characteristic of rebels.
Thackeray.
Re*bel"ler (?), n. One who
rebels; a rebel.
Re*bel"lion (?), n. [F.
r\'82bellion, L. rebellio. See
Rebel, v. t. Among the Romans rebellion was
originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by
nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed
war.] 1. The act of rebelling; open and
avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which
one owes obedience, and resistances to its officers and laws,
either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized
uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing
their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt;
insurrection.
No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed
than men of desperate principles resort to it.
Ames.
2. Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful
authority.
Commission of rebellion (Eng. Law),
a process of contempt on the nonappearance of a defendant, --
non abolished.
Wharton. Burrill.
Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances;
contumacy. See Insurrection.
Re*bel"lious (?), a. Engaged in
rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels or of
rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by
force. \'bdThy rebellious crew.\'b8 \'bdProud
rebellious arms.\'b8 Milton. --
Re*bel"lious*ly, adv. --
Re*bel"lious*ness, n.
Re*bel"low (?), v. i. To bellow
again; to repeat or echo a bellow.
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook.
Dryden.
Re*bit"ing (?), n.
(Etching) The act or process of deepening worn
lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action if
acid.
Fairholt.
Re*bloom" (?), v. i. To bloom
again.
Crabbe.
Re*blos"som (?), v. i. To
blossom again.
Re*bo"ant (?), a. [L.
reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref.
re- re- + boare to cry aloud.]
Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Re`bo*a"tion (?), n. Repetition
of a bellow. [R.]
Bp. Patrick.
Re*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref.
re- + boil: cf. F.
rebouillir.] 1. To boil, or to
cause to boil, again.
2. Fig.: To make or to become hot.
[Obs.]
Some of his companions thereat reboyleth.
Sir T. Elyot.
Re*born" (?), p. p. Born
again.
Re*bound" (?), v. i. [Pref.
re- + bound: cf. F.
rebondir.] 1. To spring back; to
start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on
collision with another body; as, a rebounding
echo.
Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of
elasticity, will not rebound from one another.
Sir I. Newton.
2. To give back an echo. [R.]
T. Warton.
3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse.
Pope.
Rebounding lock (Firearms), one in
which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or
primer.
Re*bound", v. t. To send back; to
reverberate.
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound.
Dryden.
Re*bound", n. The act of rebounding;
resilience.
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift
rebound.
Dryden.
Re*brace" (?), v. t. To brace
again.
Gray.
Re*breathe" (?), v. t. To
breathe again.
Re*bu"cous (?), a.
Rebuking. [Obs.]
She gave unto him many rebucous words.
Fabyan.
Re*buff" (?), n. [It.
ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse;
pref. ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff.
Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]
1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and
sudden resistance.
The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud.
Milton.
2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat;
refusal; repellence; rejection of solicitation.
Re*buff", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rebuffed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rebuffing.] To beat back; to
offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel or repulse
violently, harshly, or uncourteously.
Re*build" (?), v. t. To build
again, as something which has been demolished; to construct anew;
as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf, or a
city.
Re*build"er (?), n. One who
rebuilds.
Bp. Bull.
Re*buk"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of
rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible.
Shak.
Re*buke" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rebuked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebuking.] [OF. rebouquier
to dull, blunt, F. reboucher; perhaps fr. pref.
re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also
bouque, L. bucca cheek; if so, the original
sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]
To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by
expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily;
to chide; to reprove; to admonish.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered,
Nor to rebuke the rich offender feared.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain;
silence. See Reprove.
<-- p. 1197 -->
Re*buke" (?), n. 1. A
direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement;
punishment.
For thy sake I have suffered rebuke.
Jer. xv. 15.
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not?
Shak.
2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
To be without rebuke, to live without giving
cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.
Re*buke"ful (?), a. Containing
rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. [Obs.] --
Re*buke"ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Re*buk"er (?), n. One who
rebukes.
Re*buk"ing*ly, adv. By way of
rebuke.
Re`bul*li"tion (?), n. The act
of boiling up or effervescing. [R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*bur"y (?), v. t. To bury
again.
Ashmole.
Re"bus (?), n.; pl.
Rebuses (#). [L. rebus
by things, abl. pl. of res a thing: cf. F.
r\'82bus. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of res a
thing: cf. F. r\'82bus. Cf. 3d Real.]
1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by
pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the
syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation
of words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of
such representations.
Rose
Hill, had, embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye,
a loaf, and a well, signifying, Rose Hill I love
well.
2. (Her.) A pictorial suggestion on a
coat of arms of the name of the person to whom it belongs. See
Canting arms, under Canting.
Re"bus, v. t. To mark or indicate by a
rebus.
He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with
More in text and Tun under it.
Fuller.
Re*but" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rebutted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rebutting.] [OF.
reb//ter to repulse, drive back; pref.
re- + bouter to push, thrust. See 1st
Butt, Boutade.]
1. To drive or beat back; to repulse.
Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight,
Perforce rebutted back.
Spenser.
2. (Law) To contradict, meet, or oppose
by argument, plea, or countervailing proof.
Abbott.
Re*but", v. i. 1. To retire; to
recoil. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Law) To make, or put in, an answer,
as to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.
The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on
which the defendant.
Blackstone.
Re*but"ta*ble (?), a. Capable
of being rebutted.
Re*but"tal (?), n. (Law)
The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy
the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same
suit.
Re*but"ter (?), n. (Law)
The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
Re*ca"den*cy (?), n. A falling
back or descending a second time; a relapse.
W. Montagu.
Re*cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L.
recalcitrans, p. pr. of recalcitrare to
kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to
kick, fr. calx heel. Cf. Inculcate.]
Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or
opposition; refractory.
Re*cal"ci*trate (?), v. t. To
kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.
The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and
recalcitrate his tricks.
De Quincey.
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. i. To kick back; to
kick against anything; hence, to express repugnance or
opposition.
Re*cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. A
kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.
Re*call" (?), v. t. 1.
To call back; to summon to return; as, to
recall troops; to recall an
ambassador.
2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take
back; to withdraw; as, to recall words, or a
decree.
Passed sentence may not be recall'd.
Shak.
3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to
recollect; to remember; as, to recall bygone
days.
Re*call", n. 1. A calling back;
a revocation.
'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past
recall.
Dryden.
2. (Mil.) A call on the trumpet, bugle,
or drum, by which soldiers are recalled from duty, labor,
etc.
Wilhelm.
Re*call"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being recalled.
Re*call"ment (?), n.
Recall. [R.]
R. Browning.
Re*cant" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recanted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recanting.] [L.
recantare, recantatum, to recall, recant;
pref. re- re- + cantare to sing, to sound.
See 3d Cant, Chant.] To withdraw or
repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to
contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to
retract; to recall.
How soon . . . ease would recant
Vows made in pain, as violent and void!
Milton.
Syn. -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow.
See Renounce.
Re*cant", v. i. To revoke a declaration
or proposition; to unsay what has been said; to retract; as,
convince me that I am wrong, and I will
recant.
Dryden.
Re`can*ta"tion (?), n. The act
of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former one; that
which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction.
The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to
make a public recantation.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Re*cant"er (?), n. One who
recants.
Re`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. To
qualify again; to confer capacity on again.
Atterbury.
Re*ca*pit"u*late (?), v. t. [L.
recapitulare, recapitulatum; pref.
re- re- + capitulum a small head, chapter,
section. See Capitulate.] To repeat, as the
principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a
summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to
relate in brief; to summarize.
Re`ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i. To
sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously
said; to repeat briefly the substance.
Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n.
[LL. recapitulatio: cf. F.
recapitulation.] The act of recapitulating;
a summary, or concise statement or enumeration, of the principal
points, facts, or statements, in a preceding discourse, argument,
or essay.
Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n. One
who recapitulates.
Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Of
the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.
Re*cap"per (?), n.
(Firearms) A tool used for applying a fresh
percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading
it.
Re*cap"tion (?), n. (Law)
The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest;
reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or
children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them
and who wrongfully detains them.
Blackstone.
Writ of recaption (Law), a writ to
recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent or
service, are distrained again for the same
cause.Wharton.
Re*cap"tor (?), n. One who
recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been previously
taken.
Re*cap"ture (?; 135), n. 1.
The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially,
the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.
2. That which is captured back; a prize
retaken.
Re*cap"ture, v. t. To capture again; to
retake.
Re*car"bon*ize (?), v. t.
(Metal.) To restore carbon to; as, to
recarbonize iron in converting it into steel.
Re*car"ni*fy (?), v. t. To
convert again into flesh. [Obs.]
Howell.
Re*car"riage (?), n. Act of
carrying back.
Re*car"ry (?), v. t. To carry
back.
Walton.
Re*cast" (?), v. t. 1.
To throw again.
Florio.
2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new
from a shape; to reconstruct; as, to recast cannon;
to recast an argument or a play.
3. To compute, or cast up, a second time.
Rec"che (?), v. i. To
reck. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rec"che*les (?), a.
Reckless. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*cede" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Receded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Receding.] [L.
recedere, recessum; pref. re-
re- + cedere to go, to go along: cf. F.
rec\'82der. See Cede.] 1.
To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
Like the hollow roar
Of tides receding from the instituted shore.
Dryden.
All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from
the center.
Bentley.
2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to
relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; as, to
recede from a demand or proposition.
Syn. -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw;
desist.
Re*cede" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + cede. Cf. Recede, v.
t.] To cede back; to grant or yield again to a
former possessor; as, to recede conquered
territory.
Re*ceipt" (?), n. [OE.
receite, OF. recete, recepte, F.
recette, fr. L. recipere,
receptum, to receive. See Receive.]
1. The act of receiving; reception. \'bdAt
the receipt of your letter.\'b8
Shak.
2. Reception, as an act of hospitality.
[Obs.]
Thy kind receipt of me.
Chapman.
3. Capability of receiving; capacity.
[Obs.]
It has become a place of great receipt.
Evelyn.
4. Place of receiving. [Obs.]
He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt
of custom.
Matt. ix. 9.
5. Hence, a recess; a retired place.
[Obs.] \'bdIn a retired receipt together
lay.\'b8
Chapman.
6. A formulary according to the directions of which
things are to be taken or combined; a recipe; as, a
receipt for making sponge cake.
She had a receipt to make white hair black.
Sir T. Browne.
7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving
of goods delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.
8. That which is received; that which comes in, in
distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the
like; -- usually in the plural; as, the receipts
amounted to a thousand dollars.
Cross receipts. See under Gross,
a.
Re*ceipt", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Receipted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Receipting.] 1. To give a
receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a
sheriff.
2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping;
as, to receipt a bill.
Re*ceipt", v. i. To give a receipt, as
for money paid.
Re*ceipt"ment (?), n. (O. Eng.
Law) The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly,
after the commission of a felony.
Burrill.
Re*ceipt"or (?), n. One who
receipts; specifically (Law), one who receipts for
property which has been taken by the sheriff.
Re*ceit" (?), n. Receipt.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being receivable; receivableness.
Re*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
recevable.] Capable of being
received. -- Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness,
n.
Bills receivable. See under 6th
Bill.
Re*ceive" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Received
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Receiving.] [OF. receiver,
recevoir, F. recevoir, fr. L.
recipere; pref. re- re- + capere
to take, seize. See See Capable, Heave, and cf.
Receipt, Reception, Recipe.]
1. To take, as something that is offered, given,
committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; as, to
receive money offered in payment of a debt; to
receive a gift, a message, or a letter.
Receyven all in gree that God us sent.
Chaucer.
2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into
the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an
opinion, notion, etc.; to embrace.
Our hearts receive your warnings.
Shak.
The idea of solidity we receives by our touch.
Locke.
3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like;
to give credence or acceptance to.
Many other things there be which they have received
to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots.
Mark vii. 4.
4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as
into one's house, presence, company, and the like; as, to
receive a lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger,
etc.
They kindled a fire, and received us every one.
Acts xxviii. 2.
5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to
have capacity fro; to be able to take in.
The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to
receive the burnt offerings.
1 Kings viii. 64.
6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be
subjected to; as, to receive pleasure or pain; to
receive a wound or a blow; to receive
damage.
Against his will he can receive no harm.
Milton.
7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be
stolen.
8. (Lawn Tennis) To bat back (the ball)
when served.
Receiving ship, one on board of which newly
recruited sailors are received, and kept till drafted for
service.
Syn. -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.
-- Receive, Accept. To
receive describes simply the act of taking. To
accept denotes the taking with approval, or for the
purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we
receive a letter when it comes to hand; we
receive news when it reaches us; we accept
a present when it is offered; we accept an invitation
to dine with a friend.
Who, if we knew
What we receive, would either not accept
Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down.
Milton.
Re*ceive" (?), v. i. 1.
To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; as,
she receives on Tuesdays.
2. (Lawn Tennis) To return, or bat back,
the ball when served; as, it is your turn to
receive.
Re*ceiv"ed*ness, n. The state or quality
of being received, accepted, or current; as, the
receivedness of an opinion.
Boyle.
Re*ceiv"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
receveur.] 1. One who takes or
receives in any manner.
2. (Law) A person appointed, ordinarily
by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other
property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a
person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a
corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its
affairs, in certain cases.
Bouvier.
3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief,
knowing them to be stolen.
Blackstone.
4. (Chem.) (a) A vessel
connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving
and condensing the product of distillation. (b)
A vessel for receiving and containing gases.
5. (Pneumatics) The glass vessel in
which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are
put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. Bell jar, and
see Illust. of Air pump.
6. (Steam Engine) (a) A vessel
for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder
before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound
engine. (b) A capacious vessel for receiving
steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an
engine.
7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or
similar system, at which the message is received and made
audible; -- opposed to transmitter.
Exhausted receiver (Physics), a
receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has
been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less
complete vacuum.
Re*ceiv"er*ship, n. The state or office
of a receiver.
Re*cel"e*brate (?), v. t. To
celebrate again, or anew. --
Re*cel`e*bra"tion (#),
n.
Re"cen*cy (?), n. [LL.
recentia, fr. L. recens. See
Recent.] The state or quality of being
recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time;
freshness; as, the recency of a transaction, of a
wound, etc.
Re*cense" (?), v. t. [L.
recensere; pref. re- again +
censere to value, estimate: cf. F.
recenser.] To review; to revise.
[R.]
Bentley.
Re*cen"sion (?), n. [L.
recensio: cf. F. recension.]
1. The act of reviewing or revising; review;
examination; enumeration.
Barrow.
2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an
ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and
establishment.
3. The result of such a work; a text established by
critical revision; an edited version.
Re*cen"sion*ist, n. One who makes
recensions; specifically, a critical editor.
Re"cent (?), a. [L.
recens, -entis: cf. F.
r\'82cent.] 1. Of late origin,
existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date,
antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn
out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as,
recent news.
The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of
that country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the
mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile.
Woodward.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the
present or existing epoch; as, recent
shells.
Re*cen"ter (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + center.] To center again;
to restore to the center.
Coleridge.
Re"cent*ly (?), adv. Newly;
lately; freshly; not long since; as, advices
recently received.
Re"cent*ness, n. Quality or state of
being recent.
Re*cep"ta*cle (?), n. [F.
r\'82ceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr.
receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to
receive. See Receive.] 1. That which
serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing something, as a
basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.
O sacred receptacle of my joys!
Shak.
2. (Bot.) (a) The apex of the
flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into
which they are inserted. See Illust. of
Flower, and Ovary. (b) The
dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a
head of flowers. (c) An intercellular cavity
containing oil or resin or other matters. (d)
A special branch which bears the fructification in many
cryptogamous plants.
<-- p. 1198 -->
Rec`ep*tac"u*lar (?), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82ceptaculaire.] (Bot.)
Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the
receptacular chaff or scales in the
sunflower.
\'d8Rec`ep*tac"u*lum (?), n.;
pl. Receptacula (#).
[L.] (Anat.) A receptacle; as, the
receptaculum of the chyle.
Rec"ep*ta*ry (?), a. Generally
or popularly admitted or received. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Rec"ep*ta*ry, n. That which is
received. [Obs.] \'bdReceptaries of
philosophy.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being receptible;
receivableness.
2. A receptible thing. [R.]
Glanvill.
Re*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L.
receptibilis.] Such as may be received;
receivable.
Re*cep"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82ception, L. receptio, fr.
recipere, receptum. See
Receive.] 1. The act of receiving;
receipt; admission; as, the reception of food into
the stomach; the reception of a letter; the
reception of sensation or ideas; reception of
evidence.
2. The state of being received.
3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of
receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony
of receiving guests; as, a hearty reception; an
elaborate reception.
What reception a poem may find.
Goldsmith.
4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.
Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their
countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common
reception countenanced.
Locke.
5. A retaking; a recovery.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Re*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82ceptif. See Receive.] Having
the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb,
hold, or contain; receiving or containing; as, a
receptive mind.
Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies.
Glanvill.
Re*cep"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being receptive.
Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82ceptivit\'82.] 1. The state
or quality of being receptive.
2. (Kantian Philos.) The power or
capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external
senses.
Re*cep"to*ry (?; 277), n. [Cf.
F. receptorium a place of shelter.]
Receptacle. [Obs.]
Holland.
Re*cess" (?), n. [L.
recessus, fr. recedere,
recessum. See Recede.] 1.
A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as,
the recess of the tides.
Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and
degradation from rationality.
South.
My recess hath given them confidence that I may be
conquered.
Eikon Basilike.
2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion;
privacy.
In the recess of the jury they are to consider the
evidence.
Sir M. Hale.
Good verse recess and solitude requires.
Dryden.
3. Remission or suspension of business or
procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or
school.
The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six
weeks.
Macaulay.
4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the
wall, as an alcove, niche, etc.
A bed which stood in a deep recess.
W. Irving.
5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or
seclusion.
Departure from his happy place, our sweet
Recess, and only consolation left.
Milton.
6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the
difficulties and recesses of science.
I. Watts.
7. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A sinus.
Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recessing.] To make a recess in;
as, to recess a wall.
Re*cess", n. [G.] A decree of
the imperial diet of the old German empire.
Brande & C.
Re*cessed" (?), a. 1.
Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed
arch or wall.
2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.]
\'bdComfortably recessed from curious
impertinents.\'b8
Miss Edgeworth.
Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a
series of arches constructed one within another so as to
correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the
like.
Re*ces"sion (?), n. [L.
recessio, fr. recedere,
recessum. See Recede.] The act of
receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a
demand.
South.
Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of
justice.
Jer. Taylor.
Re*ces"sion, n. [Pref. re- +
cession.] The act of ceding back;
restoration; repeated cession; as, the recession of
conquered territory to its former sovereign.
Re*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to recession or withdrawal.
Recessional hymn, a hymn sung in a procession
returning from the choir to the robing room.
Re*ces"sive (?), a. Going back;
receding.
Re"chab*ite (?), n. (Jewish
Hist.) One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of
Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of
intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine.
Jer. xxxv. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a
member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic
liquors.
Re*change" (?), v. t. & i. To
change again, or change back.
Re*charge" (?), v. t. & i.
[Pref. re- + charge: cf. F.
recharger.] 1. To charge or accuse
in return.
2. To attack again; to attack anew.
Dryden.
Re*char"ter (?), n. A second
charter; a renewal of a charter.
D. Webster.
Re*char"ter, v. t. To charter again or
anew; to grant a second or another charter to.
Re*chase" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + chase: cf. F.
rechasser.] To chase again; to chase or
drive back.
Re*cheat" (?), n. [F.
requ\'88t\'82, fr. requ\'88ter to hunt
anew. See Request.] (Sporting) A
strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have
lost track of the game.
Re*cheat", v. i. To blow the
recheat.
Drayton.
\'d8Re*cher`ch\'82" (?), a.
[F.] Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare
quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in
kind.
Rech"less (?), a.
Reckless. [Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Re*choose" (?), v. t. To choose
again.
Re*cid"i*vate (?), v. i. [LL.
recidivare. See Recidivous.] To
baskslide; to fall again. [Obs.]
Re*cid`i*va"tion (?), n. [LL.
recidivatio.] A falling back; a
backsliding.
Hammond.
Re*cid"i*vous (?), a. [L.
r//idivus, fr. recidere to fall
back.] Tending or liable to backslide or
r////se to a former condition or habit.
Rec"i*pe (?), n.; pl.
Recipes (#). [L., imperative of
recipere to take back, take in, receive. See
Receive.] A formulary or prescription for
making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a
receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.
<-- now esp. a prescription (set of directions) for preparing
food -->
Re*cip"i*an`gle (?), n. [L.
recipere to take + angulus angle.]
An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one
end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for
measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.
{ Re*cip"i*ence (?),
Re*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n.
The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving;
reception; receptiveness.
Re*cip"i*ent (?), n. [L.
recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of
recipere to receive: cf. F. r\'82cipient.
See Receive.] A receiver; the person or thing
that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given
or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.
Re*cip"i*ent, a. Receiving;
receptive.
Re*cip"ro*cal (?), a. [L.
reciprocus; of unknown origin.] 1.
Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.
2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or
interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual;
as, reciprocal love; reciprocal
duties.
Let our reciprocal vows be remembered.
Shak.
3. Mutually interchangeable.
These two rules will render a definition reciprocal
with the thing defined.
I. Watts.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; -- applied to
pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as
express mutual action.
5. (Math.) Used to denote different
kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the
substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases
below.
Reciprocal equation (Math.), one
which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the
unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity. --
Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures
of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so
related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a
proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of
the other; in general, two figures so related that the first
corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second
corresponds in the same way to the first. -- Reciprocal
proportion (Math.), a proportion such that,
of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the
same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to
the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has
to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a
reciprocal proportion, because 2:5:
:1/20:1/8. -- Reciprocal
quantities (Math.), any two quantities which
produce unity when multiplied together. -- Reciprocal
ratio (Math.), the ratio between the
reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio
of 4 to 9 is that of \'ac to 1/9. --
Reciprocal terms (Logic), those terms
which have the same signification, and, consequently, are
convertible, and may be used for each other.
Syn. -- Mutual; alternate. --
Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea of
mutual is, that the parties unite by interchange in
the same act; as, a mutual covenant; mutual
affection, etc. The distinctive idea of
reciprocal is, that one party acts by way of return or
response to something previously done by the other party; as,
a reciprocal kindness; reciprocal
reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the
previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of
the other. To make it mutual in the strictest sense,
the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but
as the result is the same, the two words are here used
interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case
where the action is reciprocal, but not
mutual.
Re*cip"ro*cal, n. 1. That which
is reciprocal to another thing.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation.
Bacon.
2. (Arith. & Alg.) The quotient arising
from dividing unity by any quantity; thus \'ac is the
reciprocal of 4; 1/(a + b) is the
reciprocal of a + b. The
reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or
the denominator divided by the numerator.
Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.
[R.]
Re*cip"ro*cal*ly (?), adv.
1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the
other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably;
mutually.
These two particles to reciprocally affect each
other with the same force.
Bentley.
2. (Math.) In the manner of
reciprocals.
Reciprocally proportional (Arith. &
Alg.), proportional, as two variable quantities, so
that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the
other.
Re*cip"ro*cal*ness (?), n. The
quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return;
alternateness.
Re*cip"ro*cate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Reciprocated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reciprocating.] [L.
reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See
Reciprocal.] To move forward and backward
alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to
alternate.
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies,
And draws and blows reciprocating air.
Dryden.
Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas
engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; -- in
distinction from a rotary engine, in which the piston
travels continuously in one direction in a circular path. --
Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion
alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston
rod.
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t. To give and return
mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to unterchange;
to alternate; as, to reciprocate favors.
Cowper.
Re*cip`ro*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
reciprocatio: cf. F. reciprocation.]
1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a
mutual giving and returning; as, the reciprocation
of kindness.
2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the
reciprocation of the sea in the flow and ebb of
tides.
Sir T. Browne.
Rec`i*proc"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82ciprocit\'82. See Reciprocal.]
1. Mutual action and reaction.
2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights;
reciprocation.
Reciprocity treaty, Treaty of
reciprocity, a treaty concluded between two
countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or
charges on imports, or in other respects.
Syn. -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.
Re*cip`ro*cor"nous (?), a. [L.
reciprocus returning, reciprocal + cornu
horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having horns turning
backward and then forward, like those of a ram.
[R.]
Ash.
Re*cip"ro*cous (?), a.
Reciprocal. [Obs.]
Rec"i*prok (?), a. [F.
r\'82ciproque, L. reciprocus.]
Reciprocal. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Rec"i*proque (?), a. & n. [F.
r\'82ciproque.] Reciprocal.
Bacon.
Re*ci"sion (?), n. [L.
recisio, fr. recidere, recisum,
to cut off; pref. re- re- + caedere to
cut.] The act of cutting off.
Sherwood.
Re*cit"al (?), n. [From
Recite.] 1. The act of reciting; the
repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal;
as, the recital of testimony.
2. A telling in detail and due order of the
particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series
of events; narration.
Addison.
3. That which is recited; a story; a
narration.
4. (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental
performance by one person; -- distinguished from
concert; as, a song recital; an organ,
piano, or violin recital.
5. (Law) The formal statement, or
setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in
order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded;
the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive
allegation.
Burn.
Syn. -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration;
description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See
Account.
Rec`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
recitatio: cf. F. r\'82citation. See
Recite.] 1. The act of reciting;
rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.
Hammond.
2. The delivery before an audience of something
committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition;
also, that which is so delivered.
3. (Colleges and Schools) The rehearsal
of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.
Rec`i*ta*tive" (?), n. [It.
recitativo, or F. r\'82citatif. See
Recite.] (Mus.) A species of
musical recitation in which the words are delivered in manner
resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music
intended for such recitation; -- opposed to
melisma.
Rec`i*ta*tive", a. Of or pertaining to
recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in
the style or manner of recitative. --
Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv.
Rec`i*ta*ti"vo (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) Recitative.
Re*cite" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr.
& vb. n. Reciting.] [F.
r\'82citer, fr. L. recitare,
recitatum; pref. re- re- +
citare to call or name, to cite. See
Cite.] 1. To repeat, as something
already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like;
to deliver from a written or printed document, or from
recollection; to rehearse; as, to recite the words
of an author, or of a deed or covenant.
2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to
relate; to narrate; as, to recite past events; to
recite the particulars of a voyage.
3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.
4. (Law) To state in or as a recital.
See Recital, 5.
Syn. -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe;
recapitulate; detail; number; count.
Re*cite", v. i. To repeat, pronounce, or
rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed
to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.
Re*cite", n. A recital.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.
Re*cit"er (?), n. One who
recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.
Reck (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recked (?)
(obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recking.] [AS.
reccan, r, to care for; akin to OS.
r, OHG. ruochan, G.
geruhen, Icel. r\'91kja, also to E.
reckon, rake an implement. See
Rake, and cf. Reckon.] 1.
To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard.
[Archaic]
This son of mine not recking danger.
Sir P. Sidney.
And may you better reck the rede
Than ever did the adviser.
Burns.
2. To concern; -- used impersonally.
[Poetic]
What recks it them?
Milton.
<-- p. 1199 -->
Reck (?), v. i. To make
account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often followed by
of. [Archaic]
Then reck I not, when I have lost my life.
Chaucer.
I reck not though I end my life to-day.
Shak.
Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire.
M. Arnold.
Reck"less, a. [AS.
reccele\'a0s, r.]
1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful;
indifferent.
Chaucer.
2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or
heedless.
It made the king as reckless as them diligent.
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless;
negligent; indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive;
remiss; rash.
-- Reck"less*ly, adv. --
Reck"less*ness, n.
Reck"ling (?), a. Needing care;
weak; feeble; as, a reckling child.
H. Taylor. -- n. A weak child or
animal.
Tennyson.
Reck"on (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reckoned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reckoning.] [OE. rekenen,
AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D.
rekenen to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG.
rahnjan), and to E. reck, rake
an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring
together, count together. See Reck, v.
t.]
1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to
compute; to calculate.
The priest shall reckon to him the money according
to the years that remain.
Lev. xxvii. 18.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the
outside of the church.
Addison.
2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to
estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account;
to esteem; to repute.
He was reckoned among the transgressors.
Luke xxii. 37.
For him I reckon not in high estate.
Milton.
3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as
having a certain quality or value.
Faith was reckoned to Abraham for
righteousness.
Rom. iv. 9.
Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her
for a crime.
Hawthorne.
4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing
of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an
objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that
again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Syn. -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate;
value; esteem; account; repute. See Calculate,
Guess.
Reck"on, v. i. 1. To make an
enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or
computing.
Shak.
2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts;
to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit;
to adjust relations of desert or penalty.
\'bdParfay,\'b8 sayst thou, \'bdsometime he reckon
shall.\'b8
Chaucer.
To reckon for, to answer for; to pay the
account for. \'bdIf they fail in their bounden duty, they shall
reckon for it one day.\'b8 Bp. Sanderson.
-- To reckon on upon,
to count or depend on. -- To reckon with,
to settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or
figuratively.
After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and
reckoneth with them.
Matt. xxv. 19.
-- To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a
calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential;
hence, to reckon erroneously.
Reck"on*er (?), n. One who
reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation, tables, etc.,
to assist in reckoning.
Reckoners without their host must reckon twice.
Camden.
Reck"on*ing, n. 1. The act of
one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or
counting; calculation. Specifically: (a) An
account of time. Sandys. (b)
Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of
obligations, liabilities, etc.
Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way
to make reckonings even is to make them often.
South.
He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible
and memorable reckoning had arrived.
Macaulay.
2. The charge or account made by a host at an
inn.
A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a
reckoning.
Addison.
3. Esteem; account; estimation.
You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than
of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Navigation) (a) The
calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical
observations, or from the record of the courses steered and
distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter
case called dead reckoning (see under Dead);
-- also used fro dead reckoning in contradistinction
to observation. (b) The position
of a ship as determined by calculation.
To be out of her reckoning, to be at a
distance from the place indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a
ship.
Re*claim" (?), v. t. To claim
back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt to recover
possession of.
A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually
reclaiming its prior occupancy.
W. Coxe.
Re*claim" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reclaimed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclaiming.] [F.
r\'82clamer, L. reclamare,
reclamatum, to cry out against; pref. re-
re- + clamare to call or cry aloud. See
Claim.] 1. To call back, as a hawk
to the wrist in falconry, by a certain customary call.
Chaucer.
2. To call back from flight or disorderly action;
to call to, for the purpose of subduing or quieting.
The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were
deaf to his reclaiming them.
Dryden.
3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring
under discipline; -- said especially of birds trained for the
chase, but also of other animals. \'bdAn eagle well
reclaimed.\'b8
Dryden.
4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by
discipline, labor, cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being
wild, desert, waste, submerged, or the like; as, to
reclaim wild land, overflowed land, etc.
5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering
or transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or course of
life; to reform.
It is the intention of Providence, in all the various
expressions of his goodness, to reclaim mankind.
Rogers.
6. To correct; to reform; -- said of things.
[Obs.]
Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial.
Sir E. Hoby.
7. To exclaim against; to gainsay.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Syn. -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.
Re*claim" (?), v. i. 1.
To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim
against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.
Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church
reclaims, and Christian ears would not hear it.
Waterland.
At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against
Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton.
Bain.
2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to
reform.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim,
Grieving to see his glory . . . took envy.
Milton.
3. To draw back; to give way. [R. &
Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*claim", n. The act of reclaiming, or
the state of being reclaimed; reclamation; recovery.
[Obs.]
Re*claim"a*ble (?), a. That may
be reclaimed.
Re*claim"ant (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82clamant, p. pr.] One who reclaims; one
who cries out against or contradicts.
Re*claim"er (?), n. One who
reclaims.
Re*claim"less, a. That can not be
reclaimed.
Rec`la*ma"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82clamation, L. reclamatio. See
Reclaim.] 1. The act or process of
reclaiming.
2. Representation made in opposition;
remonstrance.
I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity
and of justice, try clemency.
Landor.
Re*clasp" (?), v. i. To clasp
or unite again.
Re*clin"ant (?), a. [L.
reclinans, p. pr. See Recline.]
Bending or leaning backward.
Rec"li*nate (?), a. [L.
reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.)
Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of
a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.
Rec`li*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82clinaison.] 1. The act of
leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.
2. (Dialing) The angle which the plane
of the dial makes with a vertical plane which it intersects in a
horizontal line.
Brande & C.
3. (Surg.) The act or process of
removing a cataract, by applying the needle to its anterior
surface, and depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way
that front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and its
back surface the lower one.
Dunglison.
Re*cline" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reclined
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclining.] [L. reclinare;
pref. re- re- + clinare to lean, incline.
See Incline, Lean to incline.] To
cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in a
recumbent position; as, to recline the head on the
hand.
The mother
Reclined her dying head upon his breast.
Dryden.
Re*cline", v. i. 1. To lean or
incline; as, to recline against a wall.
2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position;
as, to recline on a couch.
Re*cline", a. [L. reclinis.
See Recline, v. t.] Having a
reclining posture; leaning; reclining. [R.]
They sat, recline
On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.
Milton.
Re*clined" (?), a. (Bot.)
Falling or turned downward; reclinate.
Re*clin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, reclines.
Re*clin"ing, a. (Bot.)
(a) Bending or curving gradually back from the
perpendicular. (b) Recumbent.
Reclining dial, a dial whose plane is inclined
to the vertical line through its center. Davies & Peck
(Math. Dict.).
Re*close" (?), v. t. To close
again.
Pope.
Re*clothe" (?), v. t. To clothe
again.
Re*clude" (?), v. t. [L.
recludere to unclose, open; pref. re-
again, back, un- + claudere to shut.]
To open; to unclose. [R.]
Harvey.
Re*cluse" (?), a. [L.
reclus, L. reclusus, from
recludere, reclusum, to unclose, open, in
LL., to shut up. See Close.] Shut up,
sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice;
solitary; living apart; as, a recluse monk or
hermit; a recluse life
In meditation deep, recluse
From human converse.
J. Philips.
Re*cluse", n. [F. reclus, LL.
reclusus. See Recluse, a.]
1. A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse
with the world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class
of secluded devotees who live in single cells; usually attached
to monasteries.
2. The place where a recluse dwells.
[Obs.]
Foxe.
Re*cluse", v. t. To shut; to
seclude. [Obs.]
Re*cluse"ly, adv. In a recluse or
solitary manner.
Re*cluse"ness, n. Quality or state of
being recluse.
Re*clu"sion (?), n. [LL.
reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.] A
state of retirement from the world; seclusion.
Re*clu"sive (?), a. Affording
retirement from society. \'bdSome reclusive and
religious life.\'b8
Shak.
Re*clu"so*ry (?), n. [LL.
reclosorium.] The habitation of a recluse;
a hermitage.
Re*coct" (?), v. t. [L.
recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to cook or
boil over again. See Re-, and 4th Cook.]
To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to
reconstruct. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Re*coc"tion (?), n. A second
coction or preparation; a vamping up.
Rec`og*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
recognitio: cf. F. recognition. See
Recognizance.] The act of recognizing, or the
state of being recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal;
knowledge confessed or avowed; notice.
The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly
memorials, solemn recognition in the church of
God.
Hooker.
Re*cog"ni*tor (?), n.
[LL.] (Law) One of a jury impaneled on
an assize.
Blackstone.
Re*cog"ni*to*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.
Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality or condition of being recognizable.
Rec"og*ni`za*ble (?; 277), a.
Capable of being recognized. [Written also
recognisable.] --
Rec"og*ni`za*bly, adv.
Re*cog"ni*zance (?), n. [F.
reconnaissance, OF. recognoissance, fr.
recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to
recognize, F. reconna\'8ctre, fr. L.
recognoscere; pref. re- re- +
cognoscere to know. See Cognizance,
Know, and cf. Recognize,
Reconnoissance.] >[Written also
recognisance.]
1. (Law) (a) An obligation of
record entered into before some court of record or magistrate
duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to
appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay
a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond,
being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's
seal. (b) The verdict of a jury impaneled
upon assize.
Cowell.
g in this and the
related words (except recognize) is usually
silent.
2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.
That recognizance and pledge of love
Which I first gave her.
Shak.
3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal;
profession; recognition.
Re*cog`ni*za"tion (?), n.
Recognition. [R.]
Rec"og*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recognized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Recognizing
(?).] [From Recognizance; see
Cognition, and cf. Reconnoiter.]
[Written also recognise.]
1. To know again; to perceive the identity of, with
a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall
knowledge of.
Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen.
Harte.
2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows;
to consent to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal
acknowledgment; as, to recognize an obligation; to
recognize a consul.
3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by
salutation, bowing, or the like.
4. To show appreciation of; as, to
recognize services by a testimonial.
5. To review; to re\'89xamine.
[Obs.]
South.
6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.]
R. Monro.
Syn. -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede.
See Acknowledge.
Rec"og*nize, v. i. (Law) To
enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; as,
A, B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars.
[Written also recognise.]
Re*cog`ni*zee" (?), n.
(Law) The person in whose favor a recognizance is
made. [Written also recognisee.]
Blackstone.
Rec"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who
recognizes; a recognizor. [Written also
recogniser.]
Re*cog`ni*zor" (?), n.
(Law) One who enters into a recognizance.
[Written also recognisor.]
Blackstone.
Rec"og*nosce (?), v. t. [L.
recognoscere. See Recognizance.]
To recognize. [R. & Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*coil" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Recoiled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recoiling.] [OE. recoilen,
F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
culus the fundament. The English word was perhaps
influenced in form by accoil.]
1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to
take a reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to
return.
Evil on itself shall back recoil.
Milton.
The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we
should recoil into our ordinary spirits.
De Quincey.
2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant,
distressing, alarming, or the like; to shrink.
Shak.
3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to
retire. [Obs.] \'bdTo your bowers
recoil.\'b8
Spenser.
Re*coil", v. t. To draw or go
back. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*coil", n. 1. A starting or
falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as, the recoil
of nature, or of the blood.
2. The state or condition of having recoiled.
The recoil from formalism is skepticism.
F. W. Robertson.
3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a
firearm when discharged.
Recoil dynamometer (Gunnery), an
instrument for measuring the force of the recoil of a
firearm. -- Recoil escapement See the Note
under Escapement.
Re*coil"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, recoils.
Re*coil"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a
recoil.
Re*coil"ment, n. [Cf. F.
reculement.] Recoil.
[R.]
Re*coin" (?), v. t. To coin
anew or again.
Re*coin"age (?), n. 1.
The act of coining anew.
2. That which is coined anew.
Re`-col*lect" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + collect.] To collect
again; to gather what has been scattered; as, to
re-collect routed troops.
God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our
scattered dust.
Barrow.
Rec`ol*lect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recollected;
imp. & p. p. Recollecting.]
[Pref. re- + collect: cf. L.
recolligere, recollectum, to collect. Cf.
Recollet.]
1. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring
back to the mind or memory; to remember.
2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover
self-command; as, to recollect one's self after a
burst of anger; -- sometimes, formerly, in the perfect
participle.
The Tyrian queen . . .
Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;
Then recollected stood.
Dryden.
Rec"ol*lect, n. [See
Recollet.] (Eccl.) A friar of the
Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.
[Written also Recollet.]
Addis & Arnold.
<-- p. 1200 -->
<-- p. 1200 -->
Rec`ol*lec"tion (r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82collection.]
1. The act of recollecting, or recalling to the
memory; the operation by which objects are recalled to the
memory, or ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence;
remembrance.
2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the
period within which things can be recollected; remembrance;
memory; as, an event within my
recollection.
3. That which is recollected; something called to
mind; reminiscence. \'bdOne of his earliest
recollections.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. The act or practice of collecting or
concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control.
[Archaic]
From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity
and recollection.
Robertson.
Syn. -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See
Memory.
Rec`ol*lect"ive (-l?k"t?v), a.
Having the power of recollecting.
J. Foster.
Rec"ol*let (r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?"),
n. [F. r\'82collet, fr. L.
recollectus, p.p. of recolligere to gather
again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp. for
religious contemplation.] (Eccl.) Same as
Recollect, n.
Re*col`o*ni*za"tion (r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n),
n. A second or renewed colonization.
Re*col"o*nize (r?*k?l"?*n?z), v. t.
To colonize again.
Re*com`bi*na"tion (r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n),
n. Combination a second or additional time.
Re`com*bine" (r?`k?m*b?n"), v. t.
To combine again.
Re*com"fort (r?*k?m"f?rt), v. t.
[Pref. re- + comfort: cf. F.
r\'82conforter.] To comfort again; to
console anew; to give new strength to.
Bacon.
Gan her recomfort from so sad affright.
Spenser.
Re*com"fort*less, a. Without
comfort. [Obs.]
Re*com"for*ture (-f?r*t?r;135), n.
The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re`com*mence" (r?`k?m*m?ns"), v. i.
1. To commence or begin again.
Howell.
2. To begin anew to be; to act again as.
[Archaic.]
He seems desirous enough of recommencing
courtier.
Johnson.
Re`com*mence", v. t. [Pref.
re- + commence: cf. F.
recommencer.] To commence again or
anew.
Re`com*mence"ment (-m?nt), n. A
commencement made anew.
Rec`om*mend" (r?k`?m*m?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recommended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recommending.]
[Pref. re- + commend: cf. F.
recommander.] 1. To commend to the
favorable notice of another; to commit to another's care,
confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put
in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on;
as, he recommended resting the mind and exercising
the body.
M\'91cenas recommended Virgil and Horace to
Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious to
posterity.
Dryden.
2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to.
A decent boldness ever meets with friends,
Succeeds, and e'en a stranger recommends.
Pope.
3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend.
Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by
the brethren unto the grace of God.
Acts xv. 40.
Rec`om*mend"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. recommandable.] Suitable to be
recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.
Glanvill. -- Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Rec`om*mend"a*bly,
adv.
Rec`om*men*da"tion (r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. recommandation.]
1. The act of recommending.
2. That which recommends, or commends to favor;
anything procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception,
or to secure acceptance and adoption; as, he brought
excellent recommendations.
3. The state of being recommended; esteem.
[R.]
The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an
extraordinary recommendation amongst the ancient.
Sir T. North.
Rec`om*mend"a*tive (-m?nd"?*t?v), n.
That which recommends; a recommendation.
[Obs.]
Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a.
Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory.
Swift.
Rec`om*mend"er (-?r), n. One
who recommends.
Re`com*mis"sion (r?`k?m*m?sh?n), v.
t. To commission again; to give a new commission
to.
Officers whose time of service had expired were to be
recommissioned.
Marshall.
Re`com*mit" (-m?t"), v. t. To
commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to refer
again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to the
same committee.
{ Re`com*mit"ment (-m?nt),
Re`com*mit"tal (-?l), } n.
A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a
committee.
Re`com*pact" (-p?kt"), v. t. To
compact or join anew. \'bdRecompact my scattered
body.\'b8
Donne.
Re*com`pen*sa"tion (r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. LL. recompensatio.]
1. Recompense. [Obs.]
2. (Scots Law) Used to denote a case
where a set-off pleaded by the defendant is met by a set-off
pleaded by the plaintiff.
Rec"om*pense (r\'cbk"\'cem*p\'cbns), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Recompensed
(-p?nst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recompensing (-p?n`s?ng).] [F.
r\'82compenser, LL. recompensare, fr.L.
pref. re- re- + compensare to compensate.
See Compensate.] 1. To render an
equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to
remunerate; to compensate.
He can not recompense me better.
Shak.
2. To return an equivalent for; to give
compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.
God recompenseth the gift.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
To recompense
My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed.
Milton.
3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as
something earned or deserved. [R.]
Recompense to no man evil for evil.
Rom. xii. 17.
Syn. -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward;
remunerate.
Rec"om*pense (r?k"?m*p?ns), v. i.
To give recompense; to make amends or requital.
[Obs.]
Rec"om*pense, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82compense.] An equivalent returned for
anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital;
suitable return.
To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense.
Deut. xxii. 35.
And every transgression and disobedience received a just
recompense of reward.
Heb. ii. 2.
Syn. -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends;
satisfaction; reward; requital.
Rec"om*pense`ment (-p?ns`m?nt), n.
Recompense; requital. [Obs.]
Fabyan.
Rec"om*pen`ser (-p?n`s?r), n.
One who recompenses.
A thankful recompenser of the benefits
received.
Foxe.
Rec"om*pen`sive (-s?v), a. Of
the nature of recompense; serving to recompense.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*com`pi*la"tion (r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion),
n. A new compilation.
Re`com*pile" (r\'c7`k\'cem*p\'c6l"), v.
t. To compile anew.
Re`com*pile"ment (-ment), n.
The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; as, a
recompilement of the laws.
Bacon.
Re`com*pose" (-p?z"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recomposed
(-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recomposing.] [Pref. re- +
compose: cf. F. recomposer.]
1. To compose again; to form anew; to put together
again or repeatedly.
The far greater number of the objects presented to our
observation can only be decomposed, but not actually
recomposed.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to
tranquilize; as, to recompose the mind.
Jer. Taylor.
Re`com*pos"er (-p?z"?r), n. One
who recomposes.
Re*com`po*si"tion (r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. recomposition.]
The act of recomposing.
Rec"on*ci`la*ble (r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l),
a. [Cf. F. r\'82conciliable.]
Capable of being reconciled; as, reconcilable
adversaries; an act reconciable with previous
acts.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships are
reconcilable.
Arbuthnot.
-- Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. --
Rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.
Rec"on*cile` (-s?l`), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reconciled
(-s?ld`); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reconciling.] [F.
r\'82concilier, L. reconciliare; pref.
re- re- + conciliare to bring together, to
unite. See Conciliate.] 1. To cause
to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to
friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at
variance; as, to reconcile persons who have
quarreled.
Propitious now and reconciled by prayer.
Dryden.
The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be
reconciled [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the
bishop.
Chaucer.
We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God.
2 Cor. v. 20.
2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet
submission; as, to reconcile one's self to
affictions.
3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to
agreement or suitableness; -- followed by with or
to.
The great men among the ancients understood how to
reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.
Locke.
Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear,
Considered singly, or beheld too near;
Which, but proportioned to their light or place,
Due distance reconciles to form and grace.
Pope.
4. To adjust; to settle; as, to
reconcile differences.
Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify;
appease.
Rec"on*cile`, v. i. To become
reconciled. [Obs.]
Rec"on*cile`ment (-ment), n.
Reconciliation.
Milton.
Rec"on*ci`ler (-s?`l?r), n. One
who reconciles.
Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (-s?l`?*?"sh?n),
n. [F. r\'82conciliation, L.
reconciliatio.] 1. The act of
reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment;
restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.
Reconciliation and friendship with God really form
the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.
S. Miller.
2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal
of inconsistency; harmony.
A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming
inconsistencies of Scripture.
D. Rogers.
Syn. -- Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement;
propitiation; atonement; expiation.
Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?),
a. Serving or tending to reconcile.
Bp. Hall.
Re*con`den*sa"tion (r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n),
n. The act or process of recondensing.
Re`con*dense" (r?`k?n*d?ns"), v.
t.To condense again.
Rec"on*dite (r?k"?n*d?t ,
a. [L. reconditus, p. p. of
recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal;
pref. re- re- + condere to bring or lay
together. See Abscond.] 1. Hidden
from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as,
recondite causes of things.
2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching;
as, recondite studies.
\'bdRecondite learning.\'b8
Bp. Horsley.
Re*con"di*to*ry (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n.
[LL. reconditorium.] A repository; a
storehouse. [Obs.]
Ash.
Re`con*duct" (r?`k?n*d?kt"), v. t.
To conduct back or again. \'bdA guide to
reconduct thy steps.\'b8
Dryden.
Re`con*firm" (-f?rm"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F.
reconfirmer.] To confirm anew.
Clarendon.
Re`con*fort" (-f?rt"), v. t.
[F. r\'82conforter.] To recomfort; to
comfort. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re`con*join" (r?`k?n*join"), v. t.
To join or conjoin anew.
Boyle.
{ Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance
} (r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See
Recognizance.] The act of reconnoitering;
preliminary examination or survey. Specifically:
(a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of
a region in reference to its general geological character.
(b) (Engin.) An examination of a region
as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more
particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of
determining the location of a public work. (c)
(Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an
enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information
necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory
expedition.
Reconnoissance in force (Mil.), a
demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the
purpose of discovering the position and strength of an
enemy.
{ Rec`on*noi"ter, Rec`on*noi"tre }
(r?k`?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F.
reconnoitre, a former spelling of
reconna\'8ctre. See Recognize.]
1. To examine with the eye to make a preliminary
examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military
or engineering operations.
2. To recognize. [Obs.]
Sir H. Walpole.
Re*con"quer (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t.
[Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F.
reconqu\'82rir.] To conquer again; to
recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a revolted
province.
Re*con"quest (-kw?st), n. A
second conquest.
Re*con"se*crate (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v.
t. To consecrate anew or again.
Re*con`se*cra"tion, n. Renewed
consecration.
Re`con*sid"er (r?`k?n*s?d"?r), v. t.
1. To consider again; as, to
reconsider a subject.
2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up
for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been
previously acted upon.
Re`con*sid`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
The act of reconsidering, or the state of being
reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a
legislative body.
Re*con"so*late (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v.
t. To console or comfort again.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Re`con*sol"i*date (r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v.
t. To consolidate anew or again.
Re`con*sol`i*da"tion (-d?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being
reconsolidated.
Re`con*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t.
To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or
anew.
Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed.
Macaulay.
Re`con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of constructing again; the state of
being reconstructed.
2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of
reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed
ordinances of secession, and of re\'89stablishing their
constitutional relations to the national government, after the
close of the Civil War.
Re`con*struct"ive (-str?k"t?v), a.
Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a
reconstructive policy.
Re`con*tin"u*ance (-t?n"?*?ns), n.
The act or state of recontinuing.
Re`con*tin"ue (-?), v. t. & i.
To continue anew.
Re`con*vene" (r?`k?n*v?n"), v. t. &
i. To convene or assemble again; to call or come
together again.
Re`con*ven"tion (-v?n"sh?n), n.
(Civil Law) A cross demand; an action brought by
the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge.
Burrill. Bouvier.
Re`con*ver"sion (-v?r"sh?n), n.
A second conversion.
Re`con*vert" (-v?rt"), v. t. To
convert again.
Milton.
Re*con"vert (r?*k?n"v?rt), n. A
person who has been reconverted.
Gladstone.
Re`con*vert"i*ble (r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l),
a. (Chem.) Capable of being
reconverted; convertible again to the original form or
condition.
Re`con*vey" (-v?"), v. t.
1. To convey back or to the former place; as,
to reconvey goods.
2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to
reconvey an estate.
Re`con*vey"ance (-v?"?ns), n.
Act of reconveying.
Re*cop"y (r?*k?p"?), v. t. To
copy again.
Re*cord" (r?*k?rd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recorded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recording.] [OE.
recorden to repeat, remind, F. recorder,
fr. L. recordari to remember; pref. re- re-
+ cor, cordis, the heart or mind. See
Cordial, Heart.] 1. To
recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate.
[Obs.] \'bdI it you record.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play.
[Obs.]
They longed to see the day, to hear the lark
Record her hymns, and chant her carols blest.
Fairfax.
3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to
writing, to printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note
of; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose
of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to enroll;
as, to record the proceedings of a court; to
record historical events.
Those things that are recorded of him . . . are
written in the chronicles of the kings.
1 Esd. i. 42.
To record a deed, mortgage,
lease, etc., to have a copy of the same
entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the
information of the public.
Re*cord", v. i. 1. To reflect;
to ponder. [Obs.]
Praying all the way, and recording upon the words
which he before had read.
Fuller.
2. To sing or repeat a tune.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Whether the birds or she recorded best.
W. Browne.
Rec"ord (r?k"?rd), n. [OF.
recort, record, remembrance, attestation,
record. See Record, v. t.] 1.
A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or
events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the
acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of
temperature during a certain time; a family
record.
2. Especially: (a) An official
contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some public body, or
public officer, are recorded; as, a record of city
ordinances; the records of the receiver of
taxes. (b) An authentic official copy of
a document which has been entered in a book, or deposited in the
keeping of some officer designated by law. (c)
An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the
proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.
(d) The various legal papers used in a case,
together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; as,
it is not permissible to allege facts not in the
record.
3. Testimony; witness; attestation.
John bare record, saying.
John i. 32.
4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of
acts or events; a monument; a memorial.
5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the
known facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as
in the life of a public man; as, a politician with a good or
a bad record.
<-- p. 1201 -->
6. That which has been publicly achieved in any
kind of competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative
manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race.
Court of record (pron. r/*k/rd"
in Eng.), a court whose acts and judicial
proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual
memorial. -- Debt of record, a debt which
appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a
judgment or a cognizance. -- Trial by record,
a trial which is had when a matter of record is pleaded, and
the opposite party pleads that there is no such record. In this
case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other
evidence being admissible. Blackstone. --
To beat, break, the
record (Sporting), to surpass any
performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; as,
to break the record in a walking match.
Re*cord"ance (r?*k?rd"?ns), n.
Remembrance. [Obs.]
Rec`or*da"tion (r?k`?r*d?"sh?n), n.
[L. recordatio: cf. F. recordation.
See Record, v. t.] Remembrance;
recollection; also, a record. [Obs.]
Shak.
Re*cord"er (r?*k?rd"?r), n.
1. One who records; specifically, a person whose
official duty it is to make a record of writings or
transactions.
2. The title of the chief judical officer of some
cities and boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian
settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's
Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central Criminal
Court.
3. (Mus.) A kind of wind instrument
resembling the flageolet. [Obs.] \'bdFlutes
and soft recorders.\'b8
Milton.
Re*cord"er*ship, n. The office of a
recorder.
Re*cord"ing, a. Keeping a record or a
register; as, a recording secretary; -- applied to
numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which makes a
record of their action; as, a recording gauge or
telegraph.
Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion
(r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n. The act of
investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew
with a body. [R.]
Boyle.
Re*couch" (r?*kouch"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + couch: cf. F.
recoucher.] To retire again to a couch; to
lie down again. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*count" (r?*kount"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + count.] To
count or reckon again.
Re*count", n. A counting again, as of
votes.
Re*count" (r?*kount"), v. t.
[F. raconter to relate, to recount; pref.
re- again + / (L. ad.) +
conter to relate. See Count,
v.] To tell over; to relate in detail; to
recite; to tell or narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to
enumerate; as, to recount one's
blessings.
Dryden.
To all his angels, who, with true applause,
Recount his praises.
Milton.
Re*count`ment (-m?nt), n.
Recital. [Obs.]
Shak.
{ Re*coup", Re*coupe" }
(-k??p"), v. t. [F. recouper;
pref. re- re- + couper to cut.]
1. (Law) To keep back rightfully (a
part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take
off (a part) from damages; to deduct; as, where a landlord
recouped the rent of premises from damages awarded to
the plaintiff for eviction.
2. To get an equivalent or compensation for;
as, to recoup money lost at the gaming table; to
recoup one's losses in the share market.
3. To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used
reflexively and in the passive.
Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might
recoup herself at Philip's cost.
Froude.
Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by
extensive custom.
Duke of Argyll.
Re*coup"er (r?*k??p"?r), n. One
who recoups.
Story.
Re*coup"ment (-m?nt), n. The
act of recouping.
Recoupment applies to equities growing
out of the very affair from which thw principal demand arises,
set-off to cross-demands which may be independent in
origin.
Abbott.
Re*course" (r?*k?rs"), n. [F.
recours, L. recursus a running back,
return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run
back. See Recur.] 1. A coursing
back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing;
renewed course; return; retreat; recurence.
[Obs.] \'bdSwift recourse of flushing
blood.\'b8
Spenser.
Unto my first I will have my recourse.
Chaucer.
Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or
the recourse thereof in the valetudinary.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or
the like; access or application for aid; resort.
Thus died this great peer, in a time of great
recourse unto him and dependence upon him.
Sir H. Wotton.
Our last recourse is therefore to our art.
Dryden.
3. Access; admittance. [Obs.]
Give me recourse to him.
Shak.
Without recourse (Commerce), words
sometimes added to the indorsement of a negotiable instrument to
protect the indorser from liability to the indorsee and
subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.
Re*course", v. i. 1. To return;
to recur. [Obs.]
The flame departing and recoursing.
Foxe.
2. To have recourse; to resort.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hacket.
Re*course"ful (-f?l), a. Having
recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t.
[Pref. re- + cover: cf. F.
recouvrir.] To cover again.
Sir W. Scott.
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recovered
(-?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Recovering.
] [OE. recoveren, OF.
recovrer, F. recouvrer, from L.
recuperare; pref. re- re + a word of
unknown origin. Cf.Recuperate.]
1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed
possession of; to win back; to regain.
David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried
away.
1. Sam. xxx. 18.
2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to
retrieve; to repair the loss or injury of; as, to
recover lost time. \'bdLoss of catel may
recovered be.\'b8
Chaucer.
Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and
recover.
Rogers.
3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the
like; to bring back to life or health; to cure; to heal.
The wine in my bottle will recover him.
Shak.
4. To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state
of mind or body.
I do hope to recover my late hurt.
Cowley.
When I had recovered a little my first
surprise.
De Foe.
5. To rescue; to deliver.
That they may recover themselves out of the snare
of the devil, who are taken captive by him.
2. Tim. ii. 26.
6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to
reach; to come to. [Archaic]
The forest is not three leagues off;
If we recover that, we're sure enough.
Shak.
Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge
he was to die.
Hales.
7. (Law) To gain as a compensation; to
obtain in return for injury or debt; as, to recover
damages in trespass; to recover debt and costs in a
suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law;
as, to recover lands in ejectment or common
recovery; to gain by legal process; as, to
recover judgement against a defendant.
Recover arms (Mil. Drill), a
command whereby the piece is brought from the position of
\'bdaim\'b8 to that of \'bdready.\'b8
Syn. -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit;
heal; cure.
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. i.
1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well;
to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or
condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed by
of or from; as, to recover
from a state of poverty; to recover from
fright.
Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall
recover of this disease.
2 Kings i. 2.
2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive.
[Obs.]
With much ado the Christians recovered to
Antioch.
Fuller.
3. (Law) To obtain a judgement; to
succeed in a lawsuit; as, the plaintiff has
recovered in his suit.
Re*cov"er, n. Recovery.
Sir T. Malory.
Re*cov"er*a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. recouvrable.] Capable of being
recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former
condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a
debtor or possessor; as, the debt is recoverable;
goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not
recoverable.
A prodigal course
Is like the sun's; but not, like his, recoverable.
Shak.
If I am recoverable, why am I thus?
Cowper.
-- Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness,
n.
Re cov"er*ance (ans), n.
Recovery. [Obs.]
Re*cov`er*ee" (-?"), n.
(Law) The person against whom a judgment is
obtained in common recovery.
Re*cov"er*er (r?*k?v"?r*?r),
n.One who recovers.
Re*cov`er*or" (-?r), n.
(Law) The demandant in a common recovery after
judgment.
Wharton.
Re*cov"er*y (r?*k?v"?r*?), n.
1. The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking
possession.
2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness,
or the like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of
fright, etc.
3. (Law) The obtaining in a suit at law
of a right to something by a verdict and judgment of court.
4. The getting, or gaining, of something not
previously had. [Obs.] \'bdHelp be past
recovery.\'b8
Tusser.
5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper
position for making a new stroke.
Common recovery (Law), a species of
common assurance or mode of conveying lands by matter of record,
through the forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use,
but now abolished or obsolete, both in England and
America.
Burrill. Warren.
Rec"re*ance (r?k"r?*?ns), n.
Recreancy.
Rec"re*an*cy (-an*s?), n.
The quality or state of being recreant.
Rec"re*ant (-ant), a.
[OF., cowardly, fr. recroire,
recreire, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard
as conquered, LL. recredere se to declare one's self
conquered in combat; hence, those are called recrediti
or recreanti who are considered infamous; L. pref.
re- again, back + credere to believe, to be
of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow one's opinion. See
Creed.] 1. Crying for mercy, as a
combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly;
mean-spirited; craven. \'bdThis recreant
knight.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Apostate; false; unfaithful.
Who, for so many benefits received,
Turned recreant to God, ingrate and false.
Milton.
Rec"re*ant, n. One who yields in combat,
and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited, cowardly wretch.
Blackstone.
You are all recreants and dastards!
Shak.
Re`-cre*ate" (r?`kr?*?t"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + create.] To
create or form anew.
On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of re\'89nforcing, it
was necessary to re-create, the army.
Marshall.
Rec"re*ate (rk"r*t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recreated
(-`td); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recreating.] [L. recreatus,
p. p. of recreate to create anew, to refresh; pref.
re- re- + creare to create. See
Create.] To give fresh life to; to reanimate;
to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety;
to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify.
Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them
colors mixed with blue and green, to recreate their
eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than any.
Dryden.
St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with
a tame partridge.
Jer. Taylor.
These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their
aromatic scent.
Dr. H. More.
Rec"re*ate, v. i. To take
recreation.
L. Addison.
Rec"re*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [F.
r\'82cr\'82ation, L. recreatio.]
The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated;
refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement;
diversion; sport; pastime.
Re`*cre*a"tion (r?`kr?*?sh?n), n.
[See Re-create.] A forming anew; a new
creation or formation.
Re`-cre*a"tive (-?`t?v), a.
Creating anew; as, re-creative
power.
Rec"re*a`tive (r?k"r?*?`t?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82cr/atif. See
Recreate.] Tending to recreate or refresh;
recreating; giving new vigor or animation; reinvigorating; giving
relief after labor or pain; amusing; diverting.
Let the music of them be recreative.
Bacon.
--- Rec"re*a`tive*ly, adv. --
Rec"re*a`tive*ness, n.
Rec"re*ment (r?k"r?*ment),
n. [L. recrementum; pref.
re- re- + cernere, cretum, to
separate, sift: cf. F. r\'82cr\'82ment.]
1. Superfluous matter separated from that which is
useful; dross; scoria; as, the recrement of
ore.
2. (Med.) (a) Excrement.
[Obs.] (a) A substance secreted from
the blood and again absorbed by it.
Rec`re*men"tal (-m?n"tal),
a. Recrementitious.
Rec`re*men*ti"tial (-m?n*t?sh"al),
a. [Cf. F.
r\'82cr\'82mentitiel.] (Med.) Of
the nature of a recrement. See Recrement,2
(b). \'bdRecrementitial fluids.\'b8
Dunglison.
Rec`re*men*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a.
Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or
dross.
Boyle.
Re*crim"i*nate (r?*kr?m"?*n?t), v.
i. [Pref. re- + criminate: cf.
F. r\'82criminer ,LL. recriminare.]
To return one charge or accusation with another; to
chargeback fault or crime upon an accuser.
It is not my business to recriminate, hoping
sufficiently to/ clear myself in this matter.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Re*crim"i*nate, v. t. To accuse in
return.
South.
Re*crim`i*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82crimination, LL.
recriminatio.] The act of recriminating; an
accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter
accusation.
Accusations and recriminations passed back ward and
forward between the contending parties.
Macaulay.
Re*crim"i*na*tive (-n?*t?v), a.
Recriminatory.
Re*crim"i*na`tor (-n?`t?r), n.
One who recriminates.
Re*crim"i*na*to*ry (-n?*t?*r?), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82criminatoire.] Having the
quality of recrimination; retorting accusation;
recriminating.
Re*cross" (r?*kr?s";115), v. t.
To cross a second time.
Re*cru"den*cy (r?*kr?"den*s?),
n. Recrudescence.
{ Re`cru*des"cence
(r?`kr?*d?s"sens), Re`cru*des`cen*cy
(-d?s"sen*s?), } n. [Cf.
F. recrudescence.]
1. The state or condition of being
recrudescent.
A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land]
to chronic poverty and waste.
Duke of Argyll.
2. (Med.) Increased severity of a
disease after temporary remission.
Dunglison.
Re`cru*des"cent (-sent), a.
[L. recrudescens, -entis, p.pr. of
recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re-
re- + crudescere to become hard or raw: cf. F.
recrudescent.] 1. Growing raw,
sore, or painful again.
2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or
supression; as, a recrudescent epidemic.
Re*cruit" (r?*kr?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recruited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recruiting.] [F.
recruter, corrupted (under influence of
recrue recruiting, recruit, from
recro/tre, p.p. recr/, to grow again)
from an older recluter, properly, to patch, to mend (a
garment); pref. re- + OF. clut piece, piece
of cloth; cf. Icel. kl/t/ kerchief, E.
clout.] 1. To repair by fresh
supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or deficiency in;
as, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise
recruit the spirits.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their
color.
Glanvill.
2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew
in strength or health; to reinvigorate.
3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up
or make up by enlistment; as, he recruited two
regiments; the army was recruited for a campaign;
also, to muster; to enlist; as, he recruited fifty
men.
M. Arnold.
Re*cruit", v. i. 1. To gain new
supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or
the like; to recuperate; as, lean cattle recruit in
fresh pastures.
2. To gain new supplies of men for military or
other service; to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist
troops.
Re*cruit", n. 1. A supply of
anything wasted or exhausted; a re\'89nforcement.
The state is to have recruits to its strength, and
remedies to its distempers.
Burke.
2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the
army; a newly enlisted soldier.
Re*cruit"er, n. One who, or that which,
recruits.
Re*cruit"ment (-ment), n.
The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment
of men for an army.
Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion
(r?*kr?s`tal?*z?"sh?n), n.
(Chem. & Min.) The process or
recrystallizing.
Re*crys"tal*lize (r?*kr?s"tal*l?z),
v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.) To
crystallize again.
Henry.
Rec"tal (r?k"tal), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the
region of the rectum.
Rec"tan`gle (r?k"t??`g'l), n.
[F., fr. L. rectus right + angulus
angle. See Right, and Angle.]
(Geom.) A four-sided figure having only right
angles; a right-angled parallelogram.
rectangle is expressed
by the product of its two dimensions, the term
rectangle is sometimes used for product;
as, the rectangle of a and b,
that is, ab.
Rec"tan`gle, a. Rectangular.
[R.]
Rec"tan`gled (-g'ld), a.
Rectangular.
Hutton.
Rec*tan"gu*lar (r?k*t?n"g?*l?r), a.
[CF. F. rectangulaire.] Right-angled;
having one or more angles of ninety degrees. --
Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly
(r/k*t/n"g/*l/r*l/), adv. --
Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.
Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n.
The quality or condition of being rectangular, or
right-angled.
Rec"ti- (r?k"t?*). [L. rectus
straight.] A combining form signifying
straight; as, rectilineal, having
straight lines; rectinerved.
Rec"ti*fi`a*ble (r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l),
a. 1. Capable of being rectified;
as, a rectifiable mistake.
<-- p. 1202 -->
2. (Math.) Admitting, as a curve, of the
construction of a straight l//e equal in length to any
definite portion of the curve.
Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. rectification.]
1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the
rectification of an error; the rectification of
spirits.
After the rectification of his views, he was
incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error.
De Quincey.
2. (Geom.) The determination of a
straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve.
Rectification of a globe (Astron.),
its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed
problem.
Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor (r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r),
n. (Chem.) That which rectifies or
refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more
volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the
process of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.
Rec"ti*fi`er (r?k"t?*f?`?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, rectifies.
2. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) An
instrument used for determining and rectifying the variations of
the compass on board ship. (b) (Chem.) A
rectificator.<-- (Elec.) A device to convert alternating
current to direct current. -->
Rec"ti*fy (-f?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rectified
(-f?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Rectifying
(-f?`?ng).] [F. rectifier,
LL. rectificare; L. rectus right +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Right, and
-fy.] 1. To make or set right; to
correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend;
as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to
rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to
rectify disorders.
I meant to rectify my conscience.
Shak.
This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would
have rectified.
Burke.
2. (Chem.) To refine or purify by
repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of
a substance are separated from the grosser; as, to
rectify spirit of wine.
3. (Com.) To produce ( as factitious gin
or brandy) by redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky,
rum, etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added.
<-- (Elec.) To convert (alternating current) to direct current.
-->
To rectify a globe, to adjust it in order to
prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.
Syn. -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform;
redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See Amend.
{ Rec`ti*lin"e*al (-l?n"?*al),
Rec`ti*lin"e*ar (-l?n"?*?r), }
a. [Recti- + lineal,
linear.] Straight; consisting of a straight
line or lines; bounded by straight lines; as, a
rectineal angle; a rectilinear figure or
course. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly,
adv. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly,
adv.
Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-?r"?*t?), n.
The quality or state of being rectilinear.
Coleridge.
Rec`ti*lin"e*ous (-?s), a.
Rectilinear. [Obs.]
Ray.
Rec"ti*nerved` (r?k"t?*n?rrvd`), a.
[Recti- + nerve.]
(Bot.) Having the veins or nerves straight; --
said of leaves.
Rec"tion (r?k"sh?n), n. [L.
rectio, fr. regere to rule or
govern.] (Gram.) See Government,
n., 7.
Gibbs.
Rec`ti*ros"tral (r?k`t?*r?s"tral),
a. [Recti- +
rostral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
straight beak.
Rec`ti*se"ri*al (-s?"r?*al),
a. [Recti- +
serial.] (Bot.) Arranged in
exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; --
opposed to curviserial.
\'d8Rec*ti"tis (r?k*t?"t?s), n.
[NL. See Rectum, and -itis.]
(Med.) Proctitis.
Dunglison.
Rec"ti*tude (r?k"t?*t?d), n.
[L. rectitudo, fr. rectus right,
straight: cf. F. rectitude. See Right.]
1. Straightness. [R.]
Johnson.
2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact
conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral
conduct, either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind;
uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.
3. Right judgment. [R.]
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Syn. -- See Justice.
Rec"to- (r?k"t?*). A combining form
indicating connection with, or relation to,
the rectum; as, recto-vesical.
Rec"to, n. [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de
recto. See Right.] (Law)
A writ of right.
Rec"to, n. [Cf. F.
recto.] (Print.) The right-hand
page; -- opposed to verso.
Rec"tor (r?k"t?r), n. [L., fr.
regere, rectum, to lead straight, to rule:
cf. F. recteur. See Regiment,
Right.]
1. A ruler or governor.[R.]
God is the supreme rector of the world.
Sir M. Hale.
2. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) A
clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the
tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not
impropriate. See the Note under Vicar. Blackstone.
(b) (Prot. Epis. Ch.) A clergyman in
charge of a parish.
3. The head master of a public school.
[Scot.]
4. The chief elective officer of some universities,
as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college;
as, the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln
College, at Oxford.
5. (R.C.CH.) The superior officer or
chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits the
superior of a house that is a seminary or college.
Rec"tor*al (-al), a.
[CF. F. rectoral.] Pertaining to a
rector or governor.
Rec"tor*ate (-?t), n. [LL.
rectoratus: cf. F. rectorat.]
The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.
Rec"tor*ess, n. 1. A governess;
a rectrix.
Drayton.
2. The wife of a rector.
Thackeray.
Rec*to"ri*al (r?k*t?"r?*al),
a.Pertaining to a rector or a rectory;
rectoral.
Shipley.
Rec"tor*ship (r?k"t?r*sh?p), n.
1. Government; guidance. [Obs.]
\'bdThe rectorship of judgment.\'b8
Shak.
2. The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.
Rec"to*ry (-t?*r?), n.; pl.
Rectories (-r/z). [Cf. OF.
rectorie or rectorerie, LL.
rectoria.] 1. The province of a
rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual living, with all
its rights, tithes, and glebes.
2. A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.
Rec`to-u"ter*ine (-?"t?r*?n or *?n),
a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the uterus.
Rec`to*vag"i*nal (r?k`t?*v?j"?*nal),
a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the vagina.
Rec`to-ves"i*cal (-v?s"?*kal),
a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the bladder.
Rec"tress (r?k"tr?s), n. A
rectoress.
B. Jonson.
\'d8Rec"trix (-tr?ks), n.; pl.
Rectrices (-tr/"s/z). [L.,
fem. of rector.] 1. A governess; a
rectoress.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the quill feathers
of the tail of a bird.
Rec"tum (-t?m), n. [NL. (sc.
intestinum), fr. L. rectus straight. See
Right.] (Anat.) The terminal part
of the large intestine; -- so named because supposed by the old
anatomists to be straight. See Illust. under
Digestive.
\'d8Rec"tus (-t?s), n.; pl.
Recti (-t/). [NL., fr. L.
regere to keep straight.] (Anat.)
A straight muscle; as, the recti of the
eye.
Rec`u*ba"tion (r?k`?*b?"sh?n), n.
[L. recubare to lie upon the back.]
Recumbence. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*cule" (r?*k?l"), v. i. To
recoil. [Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Re*cule" (r?*k?l"),
Re*cule"ment (-ment), }
n. [F. reculement.]
Recoil. [Obs.]
Re*cumb" (-k?m"), v. i. [L.
recumbere; pref. re- back +
cumbere (in comp.), akin to cubare to lie
down.] To lean; to recline; to repose.
[Obs.]
J. Allen (1761).
Re*cum"bence (r?*k?m"bens),
n. The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the
state of being recumbent.
Re*cum"ben*cy (-ben*s?), n.
Recumbence.
Re*cum"bent (-bet), a.
[L. recumbens, -entis, p. pr. of
recumbere. See Recumb,
Incumbent.] Leaning; reclining; lying;
as, the recumbent posture of the Romans at their
meals. Hence, figuratively; Resting; inactive; idle.
-- Re*cum"bent*ly,
adv.
Re*cu"per*a*ble (r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l),
a. [Cf.F. r\'82cup/rable. See
Recover.] Recoverable.
Sir T. Elyot.
Re*cu"per*ate (-?t), v. i.
[imp. &. p. p. Recuperated
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recuperating.]
[L.recuperatus,p.p. of recuperare. See
Recover to get again.] To recover health; to
regain strength; to convalesce.
Re*cu"per*ate, v. t. To recover; to
regain; as, to recuperate the health or
strength.
Re*cu`per*a"tion (-?`sh?n), n..
[L. recuperatio: cf. F.
r\'82cup/ration.] Recovery, as of
anything lost, especially of the health or strength.
{ Re*cu"per*a*tive (-?*t?v),
Re*cu"per*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), }
a. [L. recuperativus,
recuperatorius.] Of or pertaining to
recuperation; tending to recovery.
Re*cu"per*a`tor (r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r),
n. [Cf. L. recuperator a
recoverer.] (Steel Manuf.) Same as
Regenerator.
Re*cur" (r?*k?r"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Recurred
(-k?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recurring.] [L. recurrere;
pref.re- re- + currere to run. See
Current.] 1. To come back; to return
again or repeatedly; to come again to mind.
When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea
will recur in the mind when the word is heard.
I. Watts.
2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to
some regular rule; as, the fever will recur
to-night.
3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for
help.
If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they
recur to the \'bdpunctum stans\'b8 of the schools,
they will thereby very little help us to a more positive idea of
infinite duration.
Locke.
Recurring decimal (Math.), a
circulating decimal. See under Decimal. --
Recurring series (Math.), an algebraic
series in which the coefficients of the several terms can be
expressed by means of certain preceding coefficients and
constants in one uniform manner.
Re*cure" (r?*k?r"), v. t. [Cf.
Recover.] 1. To arrive at; to reach;
to attain. [Obs.]
Lydgate.
2. To recover; to regain; to repossess.
[Obs.]
When their powers, impaired through labor long,
With due repast, they had recured well.
Spenser.
3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the
like; to repair.
In western waves his weary wagon did recure.
Spenser.
4. To be a cure for; to remedy.
[Obs.]
No medicine
Might avail his sickness to recure.
Lydgate.
Re*cure", n. Cure; remedy;
recovery. [Obs.]
But whom he hite, without recure he dies.
Fairfax.
Re*cure"less, a. Incapable of
cure. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
{ Re*cur"rence (r?*k?r"rens),
Re*cur"ren*cy (-ren*s?), }
n. [Cf. F. r\'82currence.]
The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return;
resort; recourse.
I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent
recurrence to the dangerous preparations.
I. Taylor.
Re*cur"rent (-rent), a.
[L. recurrens, -entis, p. pr. of
recurrere: cf.F. r\'82current. See
Recur.] 1. Returning from time to
time; recurring; as, recurrent pains.
2. (Anat.) Running back toward its
origin; as, a recurrent nerve or artery.
Recurrent fever. (Med.) See
Relapsing fever, under Relapsing. --
Recurrent pulse (Physiol.), the pulse
beat which appears (when the radial artery is compressed at the
wrist) on the distal side of the point of pressure through the
arteries of the palm of the hand. -- Recurrent
sensibility (Physiol.), the sensibility
manifested by the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord
(their stimulation causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory
fibers from the corresponding sensory or posterior
roots.
Re*cur"sant (r?*k?r"sant),
a. [L. recursans, -antis,
p. pr. of recursare to run back, v. freq. of
recurrere. See Recure.]
(Her.) Displayed with the back toward the
spectator; -- said especially of an eagle.
Re*cur"sion (-sh?n), n. [L.
recursio. See Recur.] The act of
recurring; return. [Obs.]
Boyle.
<-- (Math.) The calculation of a mathematical expression (or a
quantity) by repeating an operation on another expression which
was derived by application of the same operation, on an
expression which itself was the result of similar repeated
applications of that same operation on prior results. The series
of operations is terminated by specifying an initial or terminal
condition.
(Computers) A programming technique in which a function calls
itself as a subfunction. Such calls may be repeated in series to
arbitrary depth, provided that a terminating condition is given
so that the final (deepest) call will return a value (rather than
continue to recurse), which then permits the next higher call to
return a value, and so forth, until the original call returns a
value to the calling program. -->
Re*cur"vate (r?*k?r"v?t), a.
[L. recurvatus, p. p. of recurvare.
See Re-, and Curvate.] (Bot.)
Recurved.
Re*cur"vate (-v?t), v. t. To
bend or curve back; to recurve.
Pennant.
Re`cur*va"tion (r?`k?r*v?"sh?n), n.
The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a
bending or flexure backward.
Re*curve" (r?*k?rv"), v. t. To
curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or
down.
Re*curved" (r?*k?rvd"), a.
Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back;
as, a bird with a recurved bill; flowers with
recurved petals.
Re*cur`vi*ros"ter (r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r),
n. [L. recurvus bent back +
rostrum beack; cf. F.
r\'82curvirostre.] (Zool.) A
bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.
Re*cur`vi*ros"tral (-tral),
a. [See Recurviroster.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the beak bent upwards.
Re*cur"vi*ty (r?*k?r"v?*t?), n.
Recurvation.
Re*cur"vous (-v?s), a. [L.
recurvus; pref. re- re + curvus
curved.] Recurved.
Derham.
Re*cu"san*cy (r?*k?"zan*s? , n. The state of being recusant;
nonconformity.
Coke.
Re*cu"sant (-zat; 277),
a.[L. recusans, -antis,
p.pr. of recure to refuse, to oject to; pref.
re- re + causa a cause, pretext: cf. F.
r\'82cusant. See Cause, and cf.
Ruse.] Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in
English history, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the
king in the churc, or to conform to the established rites of the
church; as, a recusant lord.
It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the
Countess of Derby, a recusant papist.
Sir W. Scott.
Re*cu"sant, n. 1. One who is
obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly against general
practice or opinion.
The last rebellious recusants among the European
family of nations.
De Quincey.
2. (Eng. Hist.) A person who refuses to
acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion;
as, a Roman Catholic recusant, who acknowledges the
supremacy of the pope.
Brande & C.
3. One who refuses communion with the Church of
England; a nonconformist.
All that are recusants of holy rites.
Holyday.
Re`u*sa"tion (r?k`?*z?"sh?n), n.
[L. recusatio: cf. F.
r\'82cusation.] 1. Refusal.
[Obs.]
2. (Old Law) The act of refusing a judge
or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his
supposed partiality.
Blackstone.
Re*cu"sa*tive (r?*k?"z?*t?v), a.
Refusing; denying; negative. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Re*cuse" (r?*k?z"), v. t. [F.
r\'82cuser, or L. recusare. See
Recusant.] (Law) To refuse or
reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge shall not try the
cause. [Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
Re*cus"sion (r?*k?sh"?n), n.
[L. recutire, recussum, to beat back;
pref. re- re- + quatere to shake.]
The act of beating or striking back.
Red (r?d), obs. . imp. &
p. p. of Read.
Spenser.
Red, v. t. To put on order; to make
tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; --
generally with up; as, to red up a
house. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Red, a. [Compar.
Redder (-d?r); superl.
Reddest.] [OE. red,
reed, AS. re/d, re/d; akin
to OS. r/d, OFries, r/d, D.
rood, G. roht, rot, OHG.
r/t, Dan. & Sw. r/d, Icel.
rau/r, rj//r, Goth.
r/uds, W. rhudd, Armor. ruz,
Ir. & Gael. ruadh, L. ruber,
rufus, Gr. //////, Skr.
rudhira, rohita; cf. L. rutilus.
Erysipelas, Rouge,
Rubric, Ruby, Ruddy, Russet,
Rust.] Of the color of blood, or of a tint
resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or
of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet
part. \'bdFresh flowers, white and reede.\'b8
Chaucer.
Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any
rose.
Shak.
Red is a general term, including many
different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange
red, and the like.
Red is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, red-breasted,
red-cheeked, red-faced,
red-haired, red-headed,
red-skinned, red-tailed,
red-topped, red-whiskered,
red-coasted.
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta) common in both Europe and
America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band.
The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle
butterfly. -- Red ant.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small ant
(Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses.
(b) A larger reddish ant (Formica
sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is one of the
slave-making species. -- Red antimony
(Min.), kermesite. See Kermes mineral
(b), under Kermes. -- Red ash
(Bot.), an American tree (Fraxinus
pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable
for timber. Cray. -- Red bass.
(Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d).
-- Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea
Caroliniensis) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in
the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona
prolifera), common on oyster shells and stones.
[Local, U.S.] -- Red birch
(Bot.), a species of birch (Betula
nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red
blindness. (Med.) See
Daltonism. -- Red book, a book
containing the names of all the persons in the service of the
state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the
Exchequer, an ancient record in which are registered
the names of all that held lands per baroniam in the
time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red
brass, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and
three of zinc. -- Red bug. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man,
and produces great irritation by its bites. (b)
A red hemipterous insect of the genus Pyrrhocoris,
especially the European species (P. apterus), which is
bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.
(c) See Cotton stainder, under
Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.)
An evergreen North American tree (Juniperus
Virginiana) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.
(b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also
toon tree in India. <-- p. 1203 --> --
Red chalk. See under Chalk. --
Red copper (Min.), red oxide of copper;
cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.),
the precious coral (Corallium rubrum). See
Illusts. of Coral and
Gorgonlacea. -- Red cross. The cross
of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva
convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant.
(Bot.) See Currant. -- Red
deer. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common
stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the
American elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer.
See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck
(Fuligula nyroca); -- called also ferruginous
duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.)
See Grenadillo. -- Red empress
(Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise
shell. -- Red fir (Bot.), a
coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from
British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable
timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as
the Norway spruce and the American Abies magnifica and
A. nobilis. -- Red fire.
(Pyrotech.) See Blue fire, under
Fire. -- Red flag. See under
Flag. -- Red fox (Zo\'94l.),
the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is
usually reddish in color. -- Red grouse
(Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See
under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name
given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus amygdalina, resinifera, etc.)
which yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus. --
Red hand (Her.), a left hand
appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark
of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
-- called also Badge of Ulster. -- Red
herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<--
Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic
issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or
something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- Red
horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large
American red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma
macrolepidotum and allied species. (b)
See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead.
(Chem) See under Lead, and
Minium. -- Red-lead ore.
(Min.) Same as Crocoite. -- Red
liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting
essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the
fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because
used originally for red dyestuffs. Called also red
mordant. -- Red maggot
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat midge. --
Red manganese. (Min.) Same as
Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one of
the American Indians; -- so called from his color. --
Red maple (Bot.), a species of maple
(Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red
mite. (Zo\'94l.) See Red
spider, below. -- Red mulberry
(Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark purple
color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See
Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.),
a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.
-- Red perch (Zo\'94l.), the
rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.)
See under Phosphorus. -- Red pine
(Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. --
Red precipitate. See under
Precipitate. -- Red Republican
(European Politics), originally, one who
maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a
red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red
ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in
England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.)
See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. --
Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange
tree in California and Australia. -- Red silver
(Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish
black color. It includes proustite, or light red
silver, and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver.
-- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a large fish
(Lutlanus aya ) abundant in the Gulf
of Mexico and about the Florida reefs. -- Red
snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga
(Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of
scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions. --
Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral
softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due
either to infarction or inflammation. -- Red
spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning
mite (Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often
destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in
houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of
the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult
insects are usually pale red. Called also red
mite. -- Red squirrel
(Zo\'94l.), the chickaree. -- Red
tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up
documents, etc.; hence, official formality and
delay.<--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- Red
underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The
numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The
under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.
-- Red water, a disease in cattle, so called from
an appearance like blood in the urine.
Red (r?d), n. 1. The
color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from
violet, or a tint resembling these. \'bdCelestial rosy
red, love's proper hue.\'b8
Milton.
2. A red pigment.
3. (European Politics) An abbreviation
for Red Republican. See under Red, a.
[Cant]
4. pl. (Med.) The
menses.
Dunglison.
<-- 5. Informal name for a Communist. -->
English red, a pigment prepared by the Dutch,
similar to Indian red. -- Hypericum red, a
red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum. --
Indian red. See under Indian, and
Almagra.
Re*dact" (r?*d?kt"), v. t. [L.
redactus, p. p. of redigere; pref.
red-, re-, again, back + agere
to put in motion, to drive.] To reduce to form, as
literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for
publication); to edit.
\'d8R\'82`dac`teur"
(r, n.
[F.] See Redactor.
Re*dac"tion (r?*d?k"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82daction.] The act of
redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.
Re*dac"tor (-t?r), n. One who
redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an
editor.
Carlyle.
Re*dan" (r?*d?n"), n. [F., for
OF. redent a double notching or jagging, as in the
teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
dens, dentis, a tooth. Cf.
Redented.] [Written sometimes
redent and redens.] 1.
(Fort.) A work having two parapets whose faces
unite so as to form a salient angle toward the enemy.
2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven
ground, to keep the parts level.
Red*ar"gue (r?d*?r"g?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Redargued
(-g?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Redarguing.] [L. redarguere;
pref. red-, re- re- + arguere
to accuse, charge with: cf. F. r\'82darguer.]
To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to
convict. [Archaic]
How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue
me at doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness?
Jer. Taylor.
Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external
objects has, as far as I know, been redargued in three
different ways.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Red`ar*gu"tion (r?d`?r*g?"sh?n), n.
[L. redargutio.] The act of
redarguing; refutation. [Obs. or R.]
Bacon.
Red`ar*gu"to*ry (-t?*r?), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.
[R.]
Red"back` (r?d"b?k`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The dunlin. [U. S.]
Red"bel`ly (-b?l`l?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The char.
Red"bird` (-b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The cardinal bird.
(b) The summer redbird (Piranga
rubra). (c) The scarlet tanager. See
Tanager.
Red"breast` (-br?st`), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European
robin. (b) The American robin. See
Robin. (c) The knot, or red-breasted
snipe; -- called also robin breast, and
robin snipe. See Knot.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The long-eared pondfish.
See Pondfish.
Red"bud` (-b?d`), n.
(Bot.) A small ornamental leguminous tree of the
American species of the genus Cercis. See Judas
tree, under Judas.
Red"cap`, n. 1. (Zo\'94l)
The European goldfinch.
2. A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed
to haunt old castles in Scotland. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Red"coat` (-k, n. One
who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British
soldier.
Red"de (-de), obs. imp. of
Read, or Rede.
Chaucer.
Red"den (r?d"d'n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reddened
(-d'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reddening.] [From Red,
a.] To make red or somewhat red; to give a
red color to.
Red"den, v. i. To grow or become red; to
blush.
Appius reddens at each word you speak.
Pope.
He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek
reddened than his obstinacy was at once subbued.
Sir W. SCott.
\'d8Red*den"dum (r?d*d?n"d?m), n.
[Neut. of L. reddendus that must be given back or
yielded, gerundive of reddere. See
Reddition.] (Law) A clause in a
deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been
granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a
lease.
Cruise.
Red"dish (r?d"d?sh), a.
Somewhat red; moderately red. --
Red"dish*ness, n.
Red*di"tion (r?d*d?sh"?n),
n.[L. redditio, fr.
reddere to give back, to return: cf. F.
reddition. See Render.]
1. Restoration: restitution: surrender.
Howell.
2. Explanation; representation.
[R.]
The reddition or application of the comparison.
Chapman.
Red"di**tive (r?d"d?*t?v), a.
[L. redditivus.] (Gram.)
Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply;
as, redditive words.
Red"dle (r?d"d'l), n. [From
Red; cf. G. r/thel. Cf.
Ruddle.] (Min.) Red chalk. See
under Chalk.
Red"dour (r?d"d?r), n. [F.
raideur, fr. raide stiff.]
Rigor; violence. [Obs.]
Gower.
Rede (r?d), v. t. [See
Read, v. t.] 1. To advise
or counsel. [Obs. or Scot.]
I rede that our host here shall begin.
Chaucer.
2. To interpret; to explain.
[Obs.]
My sweven [dream] rede aright.
Chaucer.
Rede, n. [See Read,
n.] 1. Advice; counsel;
suggestion. [Obs. or Scot.]
Burns.
There was none other remedy ne reed.
Chaucer.
2. A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise
saw. [Obs.] \'bdThis rede is
rife.\'b8
Spenser.
Re*deem" (r?*d?m"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Redeemed.
(-d/md"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Redeeming.] [F. r\'82dimer,
L. redimere; pref. red-, re- re-
+ emere, emptum, to buy, originally, to
take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.), Lith. imti.
Cf. Assume, Consume, Exempt,
Premium, Prompt, Ransom.]
1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by
payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase.
If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may
redeem it within a whole year after it is sold.
Lev. xxv. 29.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) (Law)
To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged
property, by paying what may be due by force of the
mortgage. (b) (Com.) To regain by
performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the
obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other
evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank notes with
coin.
3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or
bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be
forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to
recover; as, to redeem a captive, a pledge, and the
like.
Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.
Ps. xxv. 22.
The Almighty from the grave
Hath me redeemed.
Sandys.
4. (Theol.) Hence, to rescue and deliver
from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated
law.
Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law,
being made a curse for us.
Gal. iii. 13.
5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill;
as, to redeem one's promises.
I will redeem all this on Percy's head.
Shak.
6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to
serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to
compensate; as, to redeem an error.
Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem
Man's mortal crime?
Milton.
It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows.
Shak.
To redeem the time, to make the best use of
it.
Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (-?*b?l"?*t?), n.
Redeemableness.
Re*deem"a*ble (-?*b;l), a.
1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to
repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; as,
a pledge securing the payment of money is
redeemable.
2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion;
conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; as,
bonds, promissory notes, etc. , redeemabble in
gold, or in current money, or four months after date.
Re*deem"a*ble*ness (r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s),
n. The quality or state of being redeemable;
redeemability.
Re*deem"er (r?*d?m"?r), n.
1. One who redeems.
2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus
Christ.
Rede"less (r?d"l?s), a. Without
rede or counsel. [Obs.]
Re`de*lib"er*ate (r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t), v. t.
& i. To deliberate again; to reconsider.
Re`de*liv"er (r?`d?*l?v"?r), v. t.
1. To deliver or give back; to return.
Ay/iffe.
2. To deliver or liberate a second time or
again.
3. To report; to deliver the answer of.
[R.] \'bdShall I redeliver you e'en
so?\'b8
Shak.
Re`de*liv"er*ance (-ans),
n. A second deliverance.
Re`de*liv"er*y (-?), n. 1.
Act of delivering back.
2. A second or new delivery or liberation.
Re`de*mand" (r?`d\'b5-m?nd"), v. t.
[Pref. re- back, again + demand: cf.
F. redemander.] To demand back; to demand
again.
Re`de*mand", n. A demanding back; a
second or renewed demand.
Re`de*mise" (-m?z"), v. t. To
demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.
Re`de*mise", n. (Law) The
transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it;
reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an
estate. See under Demise.
Re*dem"on*strate (r?*d?m"?n*str?t , v. t. To demonstrate
again, or anew.
Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the
experience of the individual man before he is capable of
utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in
action.
Lowell.
Re*demp"ti*ble (r?*d?mp"t?*b'l), a.
Redeemable.
Re-demp"tion (-sh?n), n. [F.
r\'82demption, L. redemptio. See
Redeem, and cf. Ransom.] The act of
redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom;
release; rescue; deliverance; as, the redemption of
prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and
cargo. Specifically: (a) (Law)
The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking
back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or
conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming
and re\'89ntering upon an estate mortgaged. See
Equity of redemption, under Equity.
(b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation
stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by
making payment to the holder. (c)
(Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the
sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of
sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's
violated law.
In whom we have redemption through his blood.
Eph. i. 7.
Re*demp"tion*a*ry (-?*r?), n.
One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.]
Hakluyt.
Re*demp"tion*er (-?r), n.
1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or
servitude.
2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from
Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay
the expenses of his passage.
Re*demp"tion*ist, n. (R.C.Ch.)
A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the
order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held
in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also
Trinitarian.
Re*demp"tive (-t?v), a.Serving
or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, the redemptive
work of Christ.
Re*demp"tor*ist (-t?r*?st), n.
[F. r\'82demptoriste, fr. L. redemptor
redeemer, from redinere. See Redeem.]
(R.C.Ch.) One of the Congregation of the Most
Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria
de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at
Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to
preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and
are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of
youth.
Re*demp"to*ry (-t?*r?), a. Paid
for ransom; serving to redeem. \'bdHector's
redemptory price.\'b8
Chapman.
Re*demp"ture (-t?r; 135), n.
Redemption. [Obs.]
Re*dent"ed (r?*d?nt"?d), a.
[From OF. redent. See Redan.]
Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.
Re`de*pos"it (r?`d?*p?z"?t), v. t.
To deposit again.
Re`de*scend" (-s?nd"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + descend: cf. F.
redescendre.] To descend again.
Howell.
Red"eye` (r?d"?`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The rudd.
(b) Same as Redfish.
(d). (c) The goggle-eye, or
fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]
<-- (d) [Colloq.] A scheduled public conveyance, such as a train
or airplane, which travels late at night or overnight. -->
Red"fin` (-f?n`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small North American dace
(Minnilus cornutus, or Notropis megalops).
The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called
also red dace, and shiner.
Applied also to Notropis ardens, of the Mississippi
valley.
Red"finch` (-f, n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European linnet.
Red"fish` (r, n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The blueback salmon of
the North Pacific; -- called also nerka. See
Blueback. (b). (b)
The rosefish. (c) A large California
labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); -- called
also fathead. (d) The red
bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under
Drumfish.
Red"-gum` (-g?m`), n. [OE.
reed gounde; AS. re\'a0d red +
gund matter, pus.] 1. (Med.)
An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in
early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus.
Good.
2. A name of rust on grain. See
Rust.
<-- p. 1204 -->
{ Red"-hand` (r?d"h?nd`),
Red"-hand`ed (-h?nd`?d), } a. Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as
if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act
of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as,
he was taken red-hand or red-handed.
<-- usu. caught red-handed -->
Red"head` (-h?d`), n. 1.
A person having red hair.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American
duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game
bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and
its head brighter red. Called also red-headed
duck. American poachard,
grayback, and fall duck.
See Illust. under Poachard.
(b) The red-headed woodpecker. See
Woodpecker.
3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed
(Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used
in medicine.
Red`hi*bi"tion (r?d`h?*b?sh"?n), n.
[L. redhibitio a taking back.] (Civil
Law) The annulling of a sale, and the return by the
buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.
Red*hib"i*to*ry (r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?),
a. [L. redhibitorius.]
(Civil Law) Of or pertaining to redhibition;
as, a redhibitory action or fault.
Red"hoop` (r?d"h??p`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The male of the European
bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]
Red"horn` (-h?rn`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe of butterflies
(Fugacia) including the common yellow species and the
cabbage butterflies. The antenn\'91 are usually red.
Red"-hot` (-h?t`), a. Red with
heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron;
red-hot balls. Hence, figuratively, excited;
violent; as, a red-hot radical.
Shak.
\'d8Re"di*a (r?"d?*?), n.; pl.
L. Redi\'91 (-Redias
(-/z). [NL.; of uncertain origin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of larva, or nurse, which is
prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual
generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another
generation of redi\'91, or else cercari\'91 within its own body.
Called also proscolex, and
nurse. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Re"di*ent (r?"d?-ent), a.
[L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to
return; pref. red- + ire to go.]
Returning. [R.]
Re`di*gest" (r?`d?*j?st"), v. t.
To digest, or reduce to form, a second time.
Kent.
Re`di*min"ish (-m?n"?sh), v. t.
To diminish again.
Red"in*got/ (r?d"?n*g?t), n.
[F., corrupted from E. reding coat.] A
long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.
Re*din"te*grate (r?*d?n"t?*gr?t), a.
[L. redintegratus, p.p. of
redintegrare to restore; pref. red-,
re-, re- + integrare to make whole, to
renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.]
Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed.
Bacon.
Re*din"te*grate (-gr?t), v. t.
To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or
soundness.
The English nation seems obliterated. What could
redintegrate us again?
Coleridge.
Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n.
[L. redintegratio.] 1.
Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal;
renovation.
Dr. H. More.
2. (Chem.) Restoration of a mixed body
or matter to its former nature and state.
[Achaic.]
Coxe.
3. (Psychology) The law that objects
which have been previously combined as part of a single mental
state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many
philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of
ideas.
Re`di*rect" (r?`d?*r?kt"), a.
(Law) Applied to the examination of a witness, by
the party calling him, after the cross-examination.
Re`dis*burse" (r?`d?s*b?rs"), v. t.
To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back.
Spenser.
Re`dis*cov"er (-k?v"?r), v. t.
To discover again.
Re`dis*pose" (-p?z"), v. t. To
dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange.
A. Baxter.
Re`dis*seize" (-s?z"), v. t.
(Law) To disseize anew, or a second time.
[Written also redisseise.]
Re`dis*sei"zin (-s?"z?n), n.
(Law) A disseizin by one who once before was
adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands,
etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case.
Blackstone.
Re`dis*sei"zor (-z?r), n.
(Law) One who redisseizes.
Re`dis*solve" (r?`d?z*z?lv"), v. t.
To dissolve again.
Re`dis*till" (r?`d?s*t?l"), v. t.
To distill again.
Re`dis*train"er (-tr?n"?r), n.
One who distrains again.
Re`dis*trib"ute (-tr?b"?t), v. t.
To distribute again.
-- Re*dis`tri*bu"tion
(-tr/*b/"sh/n), n.
Re*dis"trict (-tr?kt), v. t. To
divide into new districts.
Re*di"tion (r?*d?sh"?n), n. [L.
reditio, fr. redire. See
Redient.] Act of returning; return.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
Re`di*vide" (r?`d?*v?d"), v. t.
To divide anew.
{ Red"leg` (r?d"l?g`), Red`legs`
(-l?gz`), } n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The redshank. (b) The
turnstone.
Red"-let`ter (-l?t`t?r), a. Of
or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.
Red-letter day, a day that is fortunate or
auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking
holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red
letters.
Red"ly, adv. In a red manner; with
redness.
Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus Diabasis, or
H\'91mulon, of the Southern United States, having the
inside of the mouth bright red. Called also
flannelmouth, and
grunt.
Red"ness, n. [AS. r/dness.
See Red.] The quality or state of being red;
red color.
{ Red"o*lence (r?d"?*lens),
Red"o*len*cy (-len*s?), }
n. The quality of being redolent; sweetness of
scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.
Red"o*lent (-lent), a.
[L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of
redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref.
red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a
smell. See Odor.] Diffusing odor or
fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; --
usually followed by of. \'bdHoney
redolent of spring.\'bd Dryden. --
Red"o*lent*ly, adv.
Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth.
Gray.
Re*dou"ble (r?*d?b"'l), v. t.
[Pref. re- + double: cf. F. redoubler.
Cf. Reduplicate.] To double again or
repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to
augment greatly; to multiply.
So they
Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe.
Shak.
<-- v. t. 2. (Contract bridge) To bid a redouble.
n. An optional bid made by the side currently
holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side
has doubled. This bid increases the score for successfully
making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing.
The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or
under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and
depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the
contract. -->
Re*dou"ble, v. i. To become greatly or
repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented;
as, the noise redoubles.
Re*doubt" (r?*dout"), n. [F.
redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL.
reductus, literally, a retreat, from L.
reductus drawn back, retired, p. p. of
reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F.
r\'82duit, also fr. LL. reductus. See
Reduce, and cf. Reduct, R/duit,
Ridotto.] (Fort.) (a) A
small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of
varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and
without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of
hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory.
(b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within
another outwork. See F and i in
Illust. of Ravelin. [Written
also redout.]
Re*doubt", v. t. [F.
redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter;
fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt,
in LL., to fear. See Doubt.] To stand in
dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]
Re*doubt"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [F.
redoutable, formerly also spelt
redoubtable.] Formidable; dread; terrible
to foes; as, a redoubtable hero; hence,
valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written
also redoutable.]
Re*doubt"ed, a. Formidable; dread.
\'bdSome redoubled knight.\'b8
Spenser.
Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy.
Shak.
Re*doubt"ing, n. Reverence; honor.
[Obs.]
In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory.
Chaucer.
Re*dound" (r?*dound"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Redounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Redounding.] [F.
redonder, L. redundare; pref.
red-, re-, re- + undare to rise
in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See
Undulate, and cf. Redundant.] 1.
To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back;
to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to
contribute; to result.
The evil, soon
Driven back, redounded as a flood on those
From whom it sprung.
Milton.
The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds
to God, the author of it.
Rogers.
both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will
no small use redound from them to that
manufacture.
Addison.
2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be
redundant; to overflow.
For every dram of honey therein found,
A pound of gall doth over it redound.
Spenser.
Re*dound", n. 1. The coming
back, as of consequence or effect; result; return;
requital.
We give you welcome; not without redound
Of use and glory to yourselves ye come.
Tennyson.
2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.]
Codrington.
Red"ow*a (r?d"?*?), n. [F., fr.
Bohemian.] A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in
triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a
polka. The former is most in use.
Red"pole` (r?d"p?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Redpoll.
Red"poll` (-p?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several
species of small northern finches of the genus
Acanthis (formerly \'92giothus), native of
Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The
male of the most common species (A. linarius) has
also the breast and rump rosy. Called also redpoll
linnet. See Illust. under
Linnet. (b) The common European
linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler
(Dendroica palmarum).
Re*draft" (r, v.
t. To draft or draw anew.
Re*draft", n. 1. A second draft
or copy.
2. (Com.) A new bill of exchange which
the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers,
in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs
and charges.
Re*draw" (r?*dr?"), v. t.
[imp. Redrew
(-dr?");p. p. Redrawn
(-dr\'b5n"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Redrawing.] To draw again; to make a
second draft or copy of; to redraft.
Re*draw", v. i. (Com.) To
draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill,
on the drawer or indorsers.
Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + dress.] To dress
again.
Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [F.
redresser to straighten; pref. re- re- +
dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]
1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend;
to revise. [R.]
The common profit could she redress.
Chaucer.
In yonder spring of roses intermixed
With myrtle, find what to redress till noon.
Milton.
Your wish that I should redress a certain paper
which you had prepared.
A. Hamilton.
2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an
injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.
Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . .
I doubt not but with honor to redress.
Shak.
3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of
anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon.
\'bd'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to redress.\'b8
Dryden.
Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye?
Byron.
Re*dress", n. 1. The act of
redressing; a making right; reformation; correction;
amendment. [R.]
Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more
necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves.
Hooker.
2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or
opression; as, the redress of grievances;
hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification.
Shak.
A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for
redress when the cry is universal.
Davenant.
3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a
redresser.
Fair majesty, the refuge and redress
Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.
Dryden.
Re*dress"al (r?*dr?s"al),
n. Redress.
Re*dress"er (-?r), n. One who
redresses.
Re*dress"i*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Such as may be redressed.
Re*dress"ive (-?v), a. Tending
to redress.
Thomson.
Re*dress"less, a. Not having redress;
such as can not be redressed; irremediable.
Sherwood.
Re*dress"ment (-ment), n.
[Cf. F. redressement.] The act of
redressing; redress.
Jefferson.
Red"-rib`and (r?d"r?b`and),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The European red band
fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.
Red"root` (r?d"r?t`), n.
(Bot.) A name of several plants having red roots,
as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the
bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an
endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to
Florida.
Red`sear" (r?d`s?r"), v. i. To
be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short.
Moxon.
Red"shank` (r?d"sh?nk`), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common Old
World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the
legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T.
fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also
redshanks, redleg, and
clee. (b) The
fieldfare.
2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous
appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion
to their bare legs.
Spenser.
Red"-short` (-sh?rt`), a.
(Metal.) Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said
of certain kinds of iron. --
Red"-short`ness, n.
Red"skin` (-sk?n`), n. A common
appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the
color of the skin.
Cooper.
<-- 2. (Football) A member of the Washington Redskins. -->
Red"start` (-st?rt`), n.
[Red + start tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, handsome
European singing bird (Ruticilla ph\'d2nicurus),
allied to the nightingale; -- called also
redtail, brantail,
fireflirt, firetail. The
black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied
to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied
genera, native of India. (b) An American
fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male
is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings,
and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.
Red"streak` (-str?k`), n.
1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with
red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple.
Mortimer.
2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.
Red"tail` (-t?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The red-tailed
hawk. (b) The European redstart.
Red"-tailed` (-t?ld`), a.
Having a red tail.
Red-tailed hawk (Zo\'94l.), a large
North American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its
tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck,
and red-tailed buzzard.
Red"-tape` (-t?p`), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See
Red tape, under Red, a.
Red`-tap"ism (r?d`t?p"?z'm), n.
Strict adherence to official formalities.
J. C. Shairp.
Red`-tap"ist, n. One who is tenacious of
a strict adherence to official formalities.
Ld. Lytton.
Red"throat` (r?d"thr?t`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small Australian singing bird
(Phyrrhol\'91mus brunneus). The upper parts are brown,
the center of the throat red.
Red"top` (-t?p`), n.
(Bot.) A kind of grass (Agrostis
vulgaris) highly valued in the United States for pasturage
and hay for cattle; -- called also English
grass, and in some localities herd's
grass. See Illustration in Appendix. The
tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides.
Re*dub" (r?*d?b"), v. t. [F.
radouber to refit or repair.] To refit; to
repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite.
[Obs.]
It shall be good that you redub that
negligence.
Wyatt.
God shall give power to redub it with some like requital
to the French.
Grafton.
Re*duce" (r, v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reduced
(-d,; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reducing (-d.]
[L. reducere, reductum; pref.
red-. re-, re- + ducere to
lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt,
n.] 1. To bring or lead back to
any former place or condition. [Obs.]
And to his brother's house reduced his wife.
Chapman.
The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great
Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates
reduce and direct us.
Evelyn.
2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to
rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to
lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a
sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to
reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of
heat. \'bdAn ancient but reduced
family.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something
belonging to it, to reduce it.
Tillotson.
Having reduced
Their foe to misery beneath their fears.
Milton.
Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found
the clergyman reduced.
Hawthorne.
3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to
subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a
fort.
<-- p. 1205 -->
4. To bring to a certain state or condition by
grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to
reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to
reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.
It were but right
And equal to reduce me to my dust.
Milton.
5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement,
classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain
limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation;
as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or
classes; to reduce a series of observations in
astronomy; to reduce language to rules.
6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as
numbers, from one denomination into another without altering
their value, or from one denomination into others of the same
value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to
pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce
days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and
hours. (b) To change the form of a
quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to
reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common
denominator, etc.
7. (Chem.) To bring to the metallic
state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove
oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the
action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to
ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their
ores; -- opposed to oxidize.
8. (Med.) To restore to its proper place
or condition, as a displaced organ or part; as, to
reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a
hernia.
Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron
obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a
current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is
used the product is called also iron by
hydrogen. -- To reduce an equation
(Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity by itself on
one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without
destroying the equation. -- To reduce an
expression (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent
expression of simpler form. -- To reduce a square
(Mil.), to reform the line or column from the
square.
Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten;
curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate;
conquer.
Re*duce"ment (r?*d?s"ment),
n. Reduction.
Milton.
Re*du"cent (r?*d?"sent), a.
[L. reducens, p. pr. of
reducere.] Tending to reduce. --
n. A reducent agent.
Re*du"cer (-s?r), n. One who,
or that which, reduces.
Re*du"ci*ble (-s?*b'll), a.
Capable of being reduced.
Re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
reducible.
Re*du"cing (r?*d?"s?ng), a & n.
from Reduce.
Reducing furnace (Metal.), a
furnace for reducing ores. -- Reducing pipe
fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a
tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one.
-- Reducing valve, a device for automatically
maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a
pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in
which the pressure is higher than is desired in the
receiver.
Re*duct" (r?*d?kt"), v. t..
[L.reductus, p. p. of reducere. See
Reduce.] To reduce. [Obs.]
W. Warde.
Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty (r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?),
n. The quality of being reducible;
reducibleness.
Re*duc"tion (r?*d?k"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82duction, L. reductio. See
Reduce.] 1. The act of reducing, or
state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition;
diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to
powder; the reduction of things to order; the
reduction of the expenses of government; the
reduction of a rebellious province.
2. (Arith. & Alq.) The act or process of
reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To
reduce an equation, To reduce an expression,
under Reduce, v. t.
3. (Astron.) (a) The correction
of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.
(b) The preparation of the facts and measurements
of observations in order to deduce a general result.
4. The process of making a copy of something, as a
figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the
proper proportions.
Fairholt.
5. (Logic) The bringing of a syllogism
in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first
figure.
6. (Chem. & Metal.) The act, process, or
result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from
its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from
alcohol.
7. (Med.) The operation of restoring a
dislocated or fractured part to its former place.
Reduction ascending (Arith.), the
operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher
denomination, as cents to dollars. -- Reduction
descending (Arith.), the operation of
changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination,
as dollars to cents.
Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment;
subjugation; conquest; subjection.
Re*duc"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82ductif.] Tending to reduce; having the
power or effect of reducing. -- n. A
reductive agent.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*duc"tive*ly, adv. By reduction; by
consequence.
\'d8R\'82`duit" (r?`dw?"), n.
[F. See Redoubt, n. ]
(Fort.) A central or retired work within any
other work.
{ Re*dun"dance (r?*d?n"dans),
Re*dun"dan*cy (-dan*s?), }
n. [L. redundantia: cf. F.
redondance.]
1. The quality or state of being redundant;
superfluity; superabundance; excess.
2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything
superfluous or superabundant.
Labor . . . throws off redundacies.
Addison.
3. (Law) Surplusage inserted in a
pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the
validity of what remains.
Re*dun"dant (-dant), a.
[L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of
redundare: cf. F. redondant. See
Redound.] 1. Exceeding what is
natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a
redundant quantity of bile or food.
Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they
do not increase fat so much as flesh.
Arbuthnot.
2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary
or useful; pleonastic.
Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs
to be retrenched.
I. Watts.
Syn. -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant;
overflowing; plentiful; copious.
Re*dun"dant*ly (r?*d?n"dant*l?),
adv. In a refundant manner.
Re*du"pli*cate (r?*d?"pl?*k?t), a.
[Pref. re- + duplicate: cf. L.
reduplicatus. Cf. Redouble.]
1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.
2. (Bot.) Valvate with the margins
curved outwardly; -- said of the /stivation of certain
flowers.
Re*du"pli*cate (-k?t), v. t.
[Cf. LL. reduplicare.]
1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.
2. (Gram.) To repeat the first letter or
letters of (a word). See Reduplication,3.
Re*du`pli*ca"tion (-k?sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82duplication, L.
reduplicatio repetition.] 1. The
act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.
2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a
verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.
3. (Philol.) The doubling of a stem or
syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the
time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more
imitative; also, the syllable thus added; as, L.
tetuli; poposci.
Re*du"pli*ca-tive (-k?*t?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82duplicatif.] Double;
formed by reduplication; reduplicate.
I. Watts.
Red"u*vid (r?d"?*v?d), n. [L.
reduvia a hangnail.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any hemipterous insect of the genus Redivius, or
family Reduvid\'91. They live by sucking the blood of
other insects, and some species also attack man.
Red"weed` (r, n.
(Bot.) The red poppy (Papaver
Rh\'d2as).
Dr. Prior.
Red"wing` (-w?ng`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European thrush (Turdus
iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called
also redwinged thrush. (b) A North
American passerine bird (Agelarius ph) of
the family Icterid\'91. The male is black, with a
conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each
wing. Called also redwinged blackbird,
red-winged troupial, marsh
blackbird, and swamp
blackbird.
Red"withe` (r?d"w?th`), n.
(Bot.) A west Indian climbing shrub
(Combretum Jacquini) with slender reddish
branchlets.
Red"wood` (-w, n.
(Bot.) (a) A gigantic coniferous tree
(Sequoia sempervirens) of California, and its light
and durable reddish timber. See Sequoia.
(b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from
Pterocarpus santalinus, C\'91salpinia
Sappan, and several other trees.
Pterocarpus
dalbergioides; that of some parts of tropical America,
several species of Erythoxylum; that of Brazil, the
species of Humirium.
Ree (r, n. [Pg.
real, pl. reis. See Real the
money.] See Rei.
Ree, v. t. [Cf. Prov. G.
r/den, raden, raiten. Cf.
Riddle a sieve.] To riddle; to sift; to
separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Mortimer.
Ree"bok` (r?"b?k`), n. [D.,
literally, roebuck.] (Zo\'94l.) The
peele. [Written also rehboc and
rheeboc.]
Re*/ch"o (r?*?k"?), v. t. To
echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills
re\'89cho the roar of cannon.
Re*\'89ch"o, v. i. To give echoes; to
return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be
resonant.
And a loud groan re\'89choes from the main.
Pope.
Re*\'89ch"o, n. The echo of an echo; a
repeated or second echo.
Reech"y (r?ch"?), a. [See
Reeky.] Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with
dirt. [Obs.]
Reed (r?d), a. Red.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reed, v. & n. Same as
Rede. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reed, n. The fourth stomach of a
ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]
Reed, n. [AS. hre/d; akin
to D. riet, G. riet, ried, OHG.
kriot, riot.] 1.
(Bot.) A name given to many tall and coarse
grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed,
stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the
common reed of Europe and North America (Phragmites
communis).
2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of
some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.
Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed
Of Hermes.
Milton.
3. An arrow, as made of a reed.
Prior.
4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof.
[Prov. Eng.]
5. (Mus.) (a) A small piece of
cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments,
and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a
single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a
compressed tube. (b) One of the thin pieces
of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon,
accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets
or registers of pipes in an organ.
6. (Weaving) A frame having parallel
flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads
pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating
up the weft; a sley. See Batten.
7. (Mining) A tube containing the train
of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.
8. (Arch.) Same as
Reeding.
Egyptian reed (Bot.), the
papyrus. -- Free reed (Mus.), a
reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the
harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the
beating or striking reed of the organ and
clarinet. -- Meadow reed grass (Bot.),
the Glyceria aquatica, a tall grass found in wet
places. -- Reed babbler. See
Reedbird. -- Reed bunting
(Zo\'94l.) A European sparrow (Emberiza
sch) which frequents marshy places; -- called
also reed sparrow, ring
bunting. (b) Reedling. --
Reed canary grass (Bot.), a tall wild
grass (Phalaris arundinacea). -- Reed
grass. (Bot.) (a) The common
reed. See Reed, 1. (b) A plant of the
genus Sparganium; bur reed. See under
Bur. -- Reed organ (Mus.),
an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as
the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc. -- Reed
pipe (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished
with a reed. -- Reed sparrow.
(Zo\'94l.) See Reed bunting,
above. -- Reed stop (Mus.), a set
of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds. -- Reed
warbler. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
European warbler (Acrocephalus streperus); -- called
also reed wren. (b) Any one
of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the
genera Acrocephalus, Calamoherpe, and
Arundinax. They are excellent singers. --
Sea-sand reed (Bot.), a kind of coarse
grass (Ammophila arundinacea). See Beach
grass, under Beach. -- Wood reed
grass (Bot.), a tall, elegant grass
(Cinna arundinacea), common in moist woods.
Reed"bird` (r?d"b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The bobolink.
(b) One of several small Asiatic singing birds of
the genera Sch and Eurycercus; --
called also reed babbler.
Reed"buck" (-b?k`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Rietboc.
Reed"ed, a. 1. Civered with
reeds; reedy.
Tusser.
2. Formed with channels and ridges like
reeds.
Reed"en (r?d"'n), a. Consisting
of a reed or reeds.
Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood.
Dryden.
Re*\'89d`i*fi*ca"tion (r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82\'82dification. See
Re\'89dify.] The act re\'89difying; the state
of being re\'89dified.
Re*\'89d"i*fy (r?*?d"?*ff?), v. t.
[Pref. re- + edify: cf. F.
r\'82\'82difier, L. reaedificare.]
To edify anew; to build again after destruction.
[R.]
Milton.
Reed"ing (r?d"?ng), n. [From
4th Reed.] 1. (Arch.) A
small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i)
of Molding); one of several set close together to
decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the
reverse of fluting.
reedings are often placed
together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or
inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced
is then called, in general, reeding.
2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly
called milling.
Reed"less, a. Destitute of reeds;
as, reedless banks.
Reed"ling (-l?ng), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European bearded titmouse
(Panurus biarmicus); -- called also reed
bunting, bearded pinnock, and
lesser butcher bird.
Reed"-mace` (-m?s`), n.
(Bot.) The cat-tail.
Reed"work` (-w?rk`), n.
(Mus.) A collective name for the reed stops of an
organ.
Reed"y (-?), a. 1.
Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. \'bdA
reedy pool.\'b8
Thomson .
2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is,
///// and thin^ as some voices.
Reef (r?f), n. [Akin to D.
rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan.
rev; cf. Icel. rifa rift, rent, fissure,
rifa to rive, bear. Cf. Rift,
Rive.] 1. A chain or range of rocks
lying at or near the surface of the water. See Coral
reefs, under Coral.
2. (Mining.) A large vein of auriferous
quartz; -- so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock
yielding valuable ore.
Reef builder (Zo\'94l.), any stony
coral which contributes material to the formation of coral
reefs. -- Reef heron (Zo\'94l.),
any heron of the genus Demigretta; as, the
blue reef heron (D.jugularis) of
Australia.
Reef, n. [Akin to D. reef, G.
reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel. rif
reef, rifa to basten together. Cf. Reeve,
v. t., River.] (Naut.)
That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of
the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the
force of the wind.
first reef; from this to the next
is the second reef; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails,
which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part.
Totten.
Close reef, the last reef that can be put
in. -- Reef band. See Reef-band in
the Vocabulary. -- Reef knot, the knot which
is used in tying reef pointss. See Illust. under
Knot. -- Reef line, a small rope
formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round
the yard and through the holes of the reef. Totten.
-- Reef pioints, pieces of small rope passing
through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the
sail. -- Reef tackle, a tackle by which the
reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for
reefing. Totten. -- To take a reef in,
to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a
reef, and lashing it to the spar.
Reef, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reefed (r\'c7ft); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reefing.] (Naut.)
To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a
certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or
spar.
Totten.
To reef the paddles, to move the floats of a
paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so
deeply.
<-- p. 1206 -->
Reef"-band` (r?f"b?nd`), n.
(Naut.) A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are
made.
Totten.
Reef"er (-?r), n. 1.
(Naut.) One who reefs; -- a name often given to
midshipmen.
Marryat.
2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick
cloth.
<-- 3. A marijuana cigarette [Slang]. -->
Reef"ing, n. (Naut.) The
process of taking in a reef.
Reefing bowsprit, a bowsprit so rigged that it
can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in
cutters.
Reef"y (-?), a. Full of reefs
or rocks.
Reek (r, n. A
rick. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Reek, n. [AS. r/c; akin to
OFries. r/k, LG. & D. rook, G.
rauch, OHG. rouh, Dan. r/g, Sw.
r/k, Icel. reykr, and to AS.
re/can to reek, smoke, Icel. rj/ka, G.
riechen to smell.] Vapor; steam; smoke;
fume.
As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln.
Shak.
Reek, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Reeked (r?kt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reeking.] [As.
r/can. See Reek vapor..] To emit
vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes;
to steam; to smoke; to exhale.
Few chimneys reeking you shall espy.
Spenser.
I found me laid
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun
Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed.
Milton.
The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco.
Macualay.
Reek"y (-?), a. [From 2d
Reek; cf. Reechy.] 1.
Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul.
Shak.
2. Emitting reek. \'bdReeky
fen.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Reel (r?l), n. [Gael.
righil.] A lively dance of the Highlanders
of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called
Scotch reel.
Virginia reel, the common name throughout the
United States for the old English \'bdcountry dance,\'b8 or
contradance (contredanse). Bartlett.
Reel, n. [AS. kre/l: cf.
Icel. kr/ll a weaver's reed or sley.]
1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool,
turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like,
are wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an
angler's reel; a garden reel.
2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured
into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four
inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches.
McElrath.
3. (Agric.) A device consisting of
radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting
machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by
the knives.
Reel oven, a baker's oven in which bread pans
hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a
horizontal axis.
Knight.
Reel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reeled (r?ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reeling. ] 1. To
roll. [Obs.]
And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel.
Spenser.
2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.
Reel, v. i. [Cf. Sw. ragla.
See 2d Reel.] 1. To incline, in
walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken
man.
Ps. cvii. 27.
He, with heavy fumes oppressed,
Reeled from the palace, and retired to rest.
Pope.
The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves.
Macualay.
2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.
In these lengthened vigils his brain often
reeled.
Hawthorne.
Reel, n. The act or motion of reeling or
staggering; as, a drunken reel.
Shak.
Re`\'89*lect" (r?`?*l?kt"), v. t.
To elect again; as, to re\'89lect the former
governor.
Re`\'89*lec"tion (-l?k"sh?n), n.
Election a second time, or anew; as, the
re\'89lection of a former chief.
Reel"er (r?l"?r), n. 1.
One who reels.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The grasshopper warbler;
-- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]
Re*\'89l"i*gi*ble (r?*?l"?*b'l), a.
Eligble again; capable of re\'89lection; as,
re\'89ligible to the same office. --
Re*\'89l`i*gi*bil"i*ty
(r/*/l`-/*j/*b/l"/*t/),
n.
Reem (r?m), n. [Heb.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Hebrew name of a horned wild
animal, probably the Urus.
unicorn; in the Revised Version,wild ox.
Job xxxix. 9.
Reem, v. t. [Cf. Ream to make a
hole in.] (Naut.) To open (the seams of a
vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.
Reeming iron (Naut.), an iron
chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking
ships.
Re`\'89m*bark" (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. &
i. To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark
again.
Re*\'89m`bar*ka"tion (r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n),
n. A putting, or going, on board a vessel
again.
Re`\'89m*bod"y (r?`?m*b?d"?), v. t.
To embody again.
Re`\'89m*brace" (-br?s"), v. i.
To embrace again.
Re`\'89*merge" (r?`?*m?rj"), v. i.
To emerge again.
Re`\'89*mer"gence (-m?r"jens),
n. Act of re/merging.
Re`\'89n*act" (r?`?n*?kt") v. t.
To enact again.
Re`\'89n*ac"tion (-?k"sh?n), n.
The act of re/nacting; the state of being
re/nacted.
Re`\'89n*ac"ment (-?kt"ment),
n. The enacting or passing of a law a second
time; the renewal of a law.
Re`\'89n*cour"age (-k?r"?j;), v. t.
To encourage again.
Re`\'89n*dow" (-dou"), v. t. To
endow again.
Re`\'89n*force" (-f?rs") v. t.
[Pref. re- + enforce: cf. F.
renforcer.] To strengthen with new force,
assistance, material, or support; as, to
re\'89nforce an argument; to re\'89nforce a
garment; especially, to strengthen with additional troops,
as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.
[Written also reinforce.]
Re`\'89n*force", n. [See
Re\'89nforce, v., and cf. Ranforce,
Reinforce.] Something which re\'89nforces or
strengthens. Specifically: (a) That part of a cannon
near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so
as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See
Illust. of Cannon. (b) An additional
thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet,
buttonhole, etc.
Re`\'89n*force"ment (r?`?n*f?rs"ment),
n. 1. The act of re\'89nforcing, or the
state of being re\'89nforced.
2. That which re\'89nforces; additional force;
especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of
any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.
Re`\'89n*gage" (-g?j), v. t. & i.
To engage a second time or again.
Re`\'89n*gage"ment (-ment),
n. A renewed or repeated engagement.
Re`\'89n*grave" (-gr?v"), v. t.
To engrave anew.
Re`\'89n*joy" (-joi"), v. i. To
enjoi anew.
Pope.
Re`\'89n*joy"ment (-ment),
n. Renewed enjoiment.
Re`\'89n*kin"dle (-k?n"d'l), v. t.
To enkindle again.
Re`\'89n*list" (-l?st"), v. t. & i.
To enlist again.
Re`\'89n*list"ment (-ment),
n. A renewed enlistment.
Re`\'89n*slave" (-sl?v") v. t.
To enslave again.
Re*\'89n"ter (r?*?n"t?r), v. t.
1. To enter again.
2. (Engraving) To cut deeper, as
engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not
been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.
Re*\'89n"ter, v. i. To enter anew or
again.
Re\'89ntering angle, an angle of a polygon
pointing inward, as a, in the cut. --
Re\'89ntering polygon, a polygon having one or
more re\'89ntering angles.
Re*\'89n"ter*ing, n. (Calico
Printing.) The process of applying additional colors,
by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly
colored.
Re`\'89n*throne" (-thr?n"), v. t.
To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.
Re`\'89n*throne"ment (-ment),
n. A second enthroning.
Re*\'89n"trance (r?*?n"trans),
n. The act entereing again; re/ntry.
Hooker.
Re*\'89n"trant (-trant), a.
Re\'89ntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a
re/ntrant angle.
Re*\'89n"try (-tr?), n. 1.
A second or new entry; as, a re\'89ntry into
public life.
2. (Law) A resuming or retaking
possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially
to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on
failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the
lease.
Burrill.
Card of re\'89try, (Whist), a card
that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced
period of the hand.
Re`\'89*rect" (r?`?*r?kt"), v. t.
To erect again.
Reer"mouse` (r?r"mous`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Rearmouse.
Re`\'89s*tab"lish (r?`?s*t?b"l?sh), v.
t. To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to
restore; as, to re\'89stablish a covenant; to
re\'89stablish health.
Re`\'89s*tab"lish*er (-?r), n.
One who establishes again.
Re`\'89s*tab"lish*ment (-mnt), n.
The act re\'89stablishing; the state of being
re\'89stablished.
Addison.
Re`\'89s*tate" (-t?t), v. t. To
re\'89stablish. [Obs.]
Walis.
Reeve (r?v), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The female of the ruff.
Reeve, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rove (r?v); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reeving.] [Cf. D. reven. See
Reef, n. & v. t.]
(Naut.) To pass, as the end of a pope, through
any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the
like.
Reeve, n. [OE. reve, AS.
ger/fa. Cf. Sheriff.] an
officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in
compounds; as, shirereeve, now written
sheriff; portreeve, etc.
Chaucer. Piers Plowman.
Re`\'89x*am"i*na*ble (r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l),
a. Admitting of being re\'89xamined or
reconsidered.
Story.
Re`\'89x*am`i*na"tion (-?*n?"sh?n),
n. A repeated examination. See under
Examination.
Re`\'89x*am"ine (--?n), v. t.
To examine anew.
Hooker.
Re`\'89x*change" (r?`?ks*ch?nj"), v.
t.To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous
exchange).
Re`\'89x*change" n. 1. A
renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.
2. (Com.) The expense chargeable on a
bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign
country, and returned to the country in which it was made or
indorsed, and then taken up.
Bouvier.
The rate of re\'89xchange is regulated with respect
to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where
the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was
drawn. Re\'89xchange can not be cumulated.
Walsh.
Re`\'89x*hib"it (r?`?gz*?b"?t
v. t. To exhibit again.
Re`\'89x*pel" (r?`?ks*p?l"), v. t.
To expel again.
Re`\'89x*pe"ri*ence (-p?`r?-ens),
n. A renewed or repeated experience.
Re`\'89x*port" (-p?rt"), v. t.
To export again, as what has been imported.
Re*\'89x"port (r?*?ks"p?rt), n/
Any commodity re\'89xported; -- chiefly in the ptural.
Re*\'89x`por*ta"tion (-p?r*t?"sh?n),
n. The act of re\'89xporting, or of exporting an
import.
A. Smith.
`\'89x*pul"sion (r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n),
n. Renewed or repeated expulsion.
Fuller.
Reezed (r?zd), a. Grown rank;
rancid; rusty. [Obs.] \'bdReezed
bacon.\'b8
Marston.
Re*fac"tion (r?*f?k"sh?n), n.
[See Refection.] Recompense; atonemet;
retribution. [Obs.]
Howell.
Re*far" (r?*f?r"), v. t. [Cf.
F. refaire to do over again.] To go over
again; to repeat. [Obs.]
To him therefore this wonder done refar.
Fairfax.
Re*fash"ion (r?*f?sh"?n), v. t.
To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second
time.
MacKnight.
Re*fash"ion*ment (-ment),
n. The act of refashioning, or the state of being
refashioned. [R.]
Leigh Hunt.
Re*fas"ten (r?*f?s"'n), v. t.
To fasten again.
Re*fect" (r?*f?kt), v. t. [L.
refectus, p. p. of reficere; pref.
re- re- + facere to make.] To
restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh.
[Archaic]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*fec"tion (r?*f?k"sh?n), n.
[L. refectio: cf. F. r\'82fection. See
Refect, Fact.] Refreshment after
hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch.
[His] feeble spirit inly felt refection.
Spenser.
Those Attic nights, and those refections of the
gods.
Curran.
Re*fec"tive (r?*f?k"t?v), a.
Refreshing; restoring.
Re*fec"tive, n. That which
refreshes.
Re*fec"to*ry (-t?*r?), n.; pl.;
Refectories (-r/z).
[LL. refectorium: cf. F.
r\'82fectoire. See Refection.] A
room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or
convents.
r/f"/k*t/*r/,
especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.
Re*fel" (r?*f?l"), v. t. [L.
refellere; pref. re- re- +
fallere to deceive.] To refute; to
disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a
sophister. [Obs.]
How he refelled me, and how I replied.
Shak.
Re*fer" (r?*f?r"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Referred
(-f?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Referring.] [F.
r\'82f\'82rer, L. referre; pref.
re- re- + ferre to bear. See Bear
to carry.] 1. To carry or send back.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct
elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to
make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a
student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer;
to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers
a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or
refers a question of law to a superior
tribunal.
3. To place in or under by a mental or rational
process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive,
reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred
the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
To refer one's self, to have recourse; to
betake one's self; to make application; to appeal.
[Obs.]
I'll refer me to all things sense.
Shak.
Re*fer", v. i. 1. To have
recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to
refer to a dictionary.
In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of
trust.
Bacon.
2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to
point; as, the figure refers to a
footnote.
Of those places that refer to the shutting and
opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job.
Bp. Burnet.
3. To carry the mind or throught; to direct
attention; as, the preacher referrd to the late
election.
4. To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes
of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity,
pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to
his employer for the truth of his story.
Syn. -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal.
Refer, Allude, Advert. We
refer to a thing by specifically and distinctly
introducing it into our discourse. We allude to it by
introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something
collaterally allied to it. We advert to it by turning
off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus,
Macaulay refers to the early condition of England at
the opening of his history; he alludes to these
statements from time to time; and adverts, in the
progress of his work, to various circumstances of pecullar
interest, on which for a time he dwells. \'bdBut to do good is .
. . that that Solomon chiefly refers to in the
text.\'b8 Sharp. \'bdThis, I doubt not, was that
artificial structure here alluded to.\'b8 T.
Burnet.
Now to the universal whole advert:
The earth regard as of that whole a part.
Blackmore.
Ref"er*a*ble (r?f"?r*?*b'l), a.
Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to
something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written
also referrible.]
It is a question among philosophers, whether all the
attractions which obtain between bodies are referable
to one general cause.
W. Nicholson.
Ref`er*ee" (-/), n. One to
whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute
has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See Judge.
Ref"er*ence (r?f"?r-ens),
n. [See Refer.] 1.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred;
as, reference to a chart for quidance.
2. That which refers to something; a specific
direction of the attention; as, a reference in a
text-book.
3. Relation; regard; respect.
Something that hath a reference to my state.
Shak.
4. One who, or that which, is referred to.
Specifically; (a) One of whom inquires can be made
as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
(b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is
referred.
5. (Law) (a) The act of
submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more
persons for decision. (b) (Equity)
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause,
to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain
facts and report to the court.
6. Appeal. [R.] \'bdMake your
full reference.\'b8
Shak.
Reference Bible, a Bible in which brief
explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in
the margin of the text.
Ref`er*en"da*ry (r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?),
n. [LL. referendarius, fr. L.
referendus to be referred, gerundive of
referre: cf. F. r\'82f\'82rendaire. See
Refer.] 1. One to whose decision a
cause is referred; a referee. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to
petitions. \'bdReferendaries, or masters of
request.\'b8
Harmar.
3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the
duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.
\'d8Ref`er*en"dum (r?f`?r*?n"d?m),
n. [Gerundive fr. L. referre. See
Refer.] 1. A diplomatic agent's note
asking for instructions from his government concerning a
particular matter or point.
2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a
meassure passed upon by a legislature.
Ref`er*en"tial (-shal), a.
Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself;
as, notes for referential use. --
Ref`er*en"tial*ly,
adv.
Re*fer"ment (r?*f?r"ment),
n. The act of referring; reference.
Laud.
<-- p. 1207 -->
Re`*fer*ment" (r/`f/r*m/nt"), v. t.
& i. To ferment, or cause to ferment, again.
Blackmore.
Re*fer"rer (r?*f?r"r?r), n. One
who refers.
Re*fer"ri*ble (-r?*b'l), a.
Referable.
Hallam.
Re*fig"ure (r?*f?g"?r), v. t.
To figure again.
Shak.
Re*fill" (r?*f?l"), v. t. & i.
To fill, or become full, again.
Re*find" (r?*f?nd), v. t. To
find again; to get or experience again.
Sandys.
Re*fine" (r?*f?n"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refined
(-find"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refining.] [Pref. re- + fine
to make fine: cf. F. raffiner.] 1.
To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from
impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from
extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to
refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to
refine wine or sugar.
I will bring the third part through the fire, and will
refine them as silver is refined.
Zech. xiii. 9.
2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar,
inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to
polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the
style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral
feelings.
Love refines
The thoughts, and heart enlarges.
Milton.
Syn. -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.
Re*fine", v. i. 1. To become
pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.
So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains,
Works itself clear, and, as it runs, refines.
Addison.
2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or
excellence.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his
stories.
Dryden.
But let a lord once own the happy lines,
How the wit brightens! How the style refines!
Pope.
3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or
language. \'bdHe makes another paragraph about our
refining in controversy.\'b8
Atterbury.
Re*fined" (-f?nd"), a. Freed
from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate;
as; refined gold; refined language;
refined sentiments.
Refined wits who honored poesy with their pens.
Peacham.
-- Re*fin"ed*ly
(r/*f/n"/d*l/), adv. --
Re*fin"ed*ness, n.
Re*fine"ment (r?*f?n"ment),
n. [Cf. F. raffinement.]
1. The act of refining, or the state of being
refined; as, the refinement or metals;
refinement of ideas.
The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and
refinement, the more diffusive are they.
Norris.
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the
corruptions in our language have not equaled its
refinements.
Swift.
2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished
to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of
logic. \'bdThe refinements of irregular
cunning.\'b8
Rogers.
Syn. -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility;
elegance; cultivation; civilization.
Re*fin"er (-f?n"?r), n. One
who, or that which, refines.
Re*fin"er*y (-?), n.; pl.
Refineries (-/z). [Cf. F.
raffinerie.] 1. The building and
apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.
2. A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the
action of a blast on the molten metal.
Re*fit" (r?*f?t"), v. t. 1.
To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after
damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to
refit ships of war.
Macaulay.
2. To fit out or supply a second time.
Re*fit", v. i. To obtain repairs or
supplies; as, the fleet returned to
refit.
Re*fit"ment (-ment), n.
The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.
Re*fix" (r?*f?ks"), v. t. To
fix again or anew; to establish anew.
Fuller.
Re*flame" (r?*fl?m"), v. i. To
kindle again into flame.
Re*flect" (r?*fl?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reflected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reflecting.] [L.
reflectere, reflexum; pref. re-
re- + flectere to bend or turn. See Flexible,
and cf. Reflex, v.] 1. To
bend back; to give a backwa/d turn to; to throw back;
especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface;
as, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals
reflect heat.
Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our
quotations.
Fuller.
Bodies close together reflect their own color.
Dryden.
2. To give back an image or likeness of; to
mirror.
Nature is the glass reflecting God,
As by the sea reflected is the sun.
Young.
Re*flect" v. i. 1. To throw
back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.
2. To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface;
to revert; to return.
Whose virtues will, I hope,
Reflect on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth.
Shak.
3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon
anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to
what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena
of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to
meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or
rules.
We can not be said to reflect upon any external
object, except so far as that object has been previously
perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our
intellectual furniture.
Sir W. Hamilton.
All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at
all times, while they are awake, but there few who
reflect upon them, or make them objects of
thought.
Reid.
As I much reflected, much I mourned.
Prior.
4. To cast reproach; to cause censure or
dishonor.
Errors of wives reflect on husbands still.
Dryden.
Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory
of his late majesty.
Swift.
Syn. -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate;
ponder; muse; ruminate.
Re*flect"ed, a. 1. Thrown back
after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat,
sound, etc.
2. Hence: Not one's own; received from another;
as, his glory was reflected glory.
3. Bent backward or outward; reflexed.
Re*flect"ent (r?*fl?kt"ent),
a. [L. reflectens, p. pr. of
reflectere. See Reflect.] 1.
Bending or flying back; reflected. \'bdThe ray
descendent, and the ray reflectent flying with so
great a speed.\'b8
Sir K. Digby.
2. Reflecting; as, a reflectent
body.
Sir K. Digby.
Re*flect"i*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reflected, or thrown back;
reflexible.
Re*flect"ing, a. 1. Throwing
back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.
2. Given to reflection or serious consideration;
reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting
mind.
Reflecting circle, an astronomical instrument
for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by
the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries,
and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an entire
circle. -- Reflecting galvanometer, a
galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by
means of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light
or the image of a scale; -- called also mirror
galvanometer. -- Reflecting goniometer.
See under Goniometer. -- Reflecting
telescope. See under Telescope.
Re*flect"ing*ly, adv. With reflection;
also, with censure; reproachfully.
Swift.
Re*flec"tion (r?*fl?k"sh?n), n.
[L. reflexio: cf. F. r\'82flexion. See
Riflect.] >[Written also
reflexion.]
1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending
back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically:
(a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like,
from a surface. See Angle of reflection,
below.
The eye sees not itself,
But by reflection, by some other things.
Shak.
(b) The reverting of the mind to that which has
already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation;
contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind
by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity
for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or
standard.
By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean,
that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the
manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these
operations in the understanding.
Locke.
This delight grows and improves under thought and
reflection.
South.
2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. That which is produced by reflection.
Specifically: (a) An image given back from a
reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.
As the sun water we can bear,
Yet not the sun, but his reflection, there.
Dryden.
(b) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle;
as, the reflection of a membrane. (c)
Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive
consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by
truth.
Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate
did at the same time afflict and encourage him.
Atterbury.
4. Censure; reproach cast.
He died; and oh! may no reflection shed
Its poisonous venom on the royal dead.
Prior.
5. (Physiol.) The transference of an
excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve
cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex action, under
Reflex.
Angle of reflection, the angle which anything,
as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with
the perpendicular to the surface. -- Angle of total
reflection. (Opt.) Same as Critical
angle, under Critical.
Syn. -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation;
consideration; musing; thinking.
Re*flect"ive (r?*fl?kt"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82flectif. Cf.
Reflexive.] 1. Throwing back images;
as, a reflective mirror.
In the reflective stream the sighing bride, viewing
her charms.
Prior.
2. Capable of exercising thought or judgment;
as, reflective reason.
Prior.
His perceptive and reflective faculties . . . thus
acquired a precocious and extraordinary development.
Motley.
3. Addicted to introspective or meditative habits;
as, a reflective person.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; reciprocal.
-- Re*flect"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*flect"ive*ness, n.
\'bdReflectiveness of manner.\'b8
J. C. Shairp.
Re*flect"or (-, n. [Cf.
F. r\'82flecteur.] 1. One who, or
that which, reflects.
Boyle.
2. (Physics) (a) Something
having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a
mirror, a speculum, etc. (b) A reflecting
telescope. (c) A device for reflecting
sound.
Re"flex (r?"fl?ks), a. [L.
reflexus, p. p. of reflectere: cf. F.
r\'82flexe. See Reflect.] 1.
Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive;
introspective.
The reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the
intellectual eye inward upon its own actions.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in
return.
3. (Physiol.) Of, pertaining to, or
produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary
intervention of consciousness.
Reflex action (Physiol.), any
action performed involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or
impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center,
from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls
into action certain muscles, organs, or cells. --
Reflex nerve (Physiol.), an
excito-motory nerve. See Exito-motory.
Re"flex (r?"fl?ks; formerly
r?*fl?ks"), n. [L. reflexus a
bending back. See Reflect.] 1.
Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface
to one in shade.
Yon gray is not the morning's eye,
'Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia's brow.
Shak.
On the depths of death there swims
The reflex of a human face.
Tennyson.
2. (Physiol.) An involuntary movement
produced by reflex action.
Patellar reflex. See Knee jerk,
under Knee.
Re*flex" (r?*fl?ks"), v. t. [L.
reflexus, p. p. of reflectere. See
Reflect.] 1. To reflect.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. To bend back; to turn back.
J. Gregory.
Re*flexed" (r?*fl?kst"), a.
Bent backward or outward.
Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty (r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82flexibilit\'82.]
The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the
reflexibility of the rays of light.
Sir I. Newton.
Re*flex"i*ble (r?*fl?ks"?*b'l), a.
[CF. F. r\'82flexible.] Capable of
being reflected, or thrown back.
The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible
and reflexible.
Cheyne.
Re*flex"ion (-fl?k"sh?n), n.
See Reflection.
Chaucer.
Re*flex"i*ty (r?*fl?ks"?*t?), n.
The state or condition of being reflected.
[R.]
Re*flex"ive (-?v), a. 1.
[Cf. F. r\'82flexif.] Bending or
turned backward; reflective; having respect to something
past.
Assurance reflexive can not be a divine faith.
Hammond.
2. Implying censure. [Obs.]
\'bdWhat man does not resent an ugly reflexive
word?\'b8
South.
3. (Gram.) Having for its direct object
a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent;
-- said of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured
himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns
of this class; reciprocal; reflective.
-- Re*flex"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*flex"ive*ness, n.
Re*flex"iv, adv. In a reflex manner;
reflectively.
Re"float (r?"fl?t), n. Reflux;
ebb. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Re`flo*res"cence (r?`fl?*r?s"sens),
n. (Bot.) A blossoming anew of a plant
after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.
Re*flour"ish (r?*fl?r"?sh), v. t. &
i. To flourish again.
Re*flew" (r?*fl?"), v. i. To
flow back; to ebb.
Re*flow"er (r, v. i. &
t. To flower, or cause to flower, again.
Sylvester.
Re*fluc`tu*a"tion (r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135),
n. A flowing back; refluence.
{ Ref"lu*ence (r?f"l?-ens),
Ref"lu*en*cy (-en*s?), }
n. The quality of being refluent; a flowing
back.
Ref"lu*ent (-ent), a.
[L. refluens, p. pr. of refluere to
flow back; pref. re- re- + fluere to flow.
See Flurent.] Flowing back; returning;
ebbing.
Cowper.
And refluent through the pass of fear
The battle's tide was poured.
Sir W. Scott.
Ref"lu*eus (-?s), a. [L.
refluus.] Refluent.
[Obs.]
Re"flux` (r?"fl?ks`), a.
Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux
action.
Re"flux`, n. [F. reflux. See
Refluent, Flux.] A flowing back, as
the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and
reflux of the tides.
All from me
Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound.
Milton.
Re*foc"il*late (r?*f?s"?l*l?t), v.
t. [L. refocillatus, p. p. of
refocillare; pref. re- re- +
focillare to revive by warmth.] To refresh;
to revive. [Obs.]
Aubrey.
Re*foc`il*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
Restoration of strength by refreshment.
[Obs.]
Middleton.
Re*fold" (r?*f?ld"), v. t. To
fold again.
Re`fo*ment" (r?`f?*m?nt"), v.
t. To foment anew.
Re*for`est*i*za`tion (r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n),
n. The act or process of reforestizing.
Re*for"est*ize (r?*f?r"?st*?z), v.
t. To convert again into a forest; to plant again with
trees.
Re*forge" (r?*f?rj"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + forge: cf. F.
reforger.] To forge again or anew; hence,
to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over.
Udall.
Re*for"ger (r?*f?r"j?r), n. One
who reforges.
Re*form" (r?*f?rm"), v. t. [F.
r\'82former, L. reformare; pref.
re- re- + formare to form, from
forma form. See Form.] To put into
a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good
state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better;
to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate
man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.
The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but
that of a good one will not reform it.
Swift.
Syn. -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair;
better; improve; restore; reclaim.
Re*form", v. i. To return to a good
state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as,
a man of settled habits of vice will seldom
reform.
Re*form", n. [F.
r\'82forme.] Amendment of what is
defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as,
reform of elections; reform of
government.
Civil service reform. See under
Civil. -- Reform acts (Eng.
Politics), acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867,
1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in
Parliament. -- Reform school, a school
established by a state or city government, for the confinement,
instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young
persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. [U.
S.]
Syn. -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction.
See Reformation.
Re-form" (r?*f?rm"), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Re-formed
(-f?rmd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Re-forming.] To give a new form to; to
form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; as, to
re-form the line after a charge.
Re*form"a*ble (r?*f?rm"?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reformed.
Foxe.
Ref`or*made" (r?f`?r*m?d"), n.
A reformado. [Obs.]
Ref`or*ma"do (-m?"d?), n. [Sp.,
fr. reformar, L. reformare. SEe
Reform, v. t.] 1. A monk
of a reformed order. [Obs.]
Weever.
2. An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his
command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay.
[Obs.]
Re*form"al*ize (r?*f?rm"al*?z),
v. i. To affect reformation; to pretend to
correctness. [R.]
Ref`or*ma"tion (r?f`?r*m?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82formation, L.
reformatio.] 1. The act of
reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to
better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything
vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners;
reformation of the age; reformation of
abuses.
Satire lashes vice into reformation.
Dryden.
<-- p. 1208 -->
2. Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the
important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the
sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various
Protestant churches.
Syn. -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.
-- Reformation, Reform.
Reformation is a more thorough and comprehensive
change than reform. It is applied to subjects that are
more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A
reformation involves, and is followed by, many
particular reforms. \'bdThe pagan converts mention
this great reformation of those who had been the
greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which
the Christian religion made in the lives of the most
profligate.\'b8 Addison. \'bdA variety of schemes,
founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of
reform, were suddenly produced.\'b8
Pitt.
Re`-for*ma"tion (r?`f?r*m?"sh?n), n.
The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as,
the reformation of a column of troops into a hollow
square.
Re*form"a*tive (r?*f?rm"?*t?v), a.
Forming again; having the quality of renewing form;
reformatory.
Good.
Re*form"a*to*ry (-t?*r?), a.
Tending to produce reformation; reformative.
Re*form"a*to*ry, n.; pl.
-ries (-r/z). An institution for
promoting the reformation of offenders.
Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to
reformatories instead of to prisons.
Eng. Cyc.
Re*formed" (r?*f?rmd"), a.
1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or
excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant
churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more
restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the
doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation,
as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches
founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of
Germany, were called the Reformed churches.
The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed
faith.
Macaulay.
2. Amended in character and life; as, a
reformed gambler or drunkard.
3. (Mil.) Retained in service on half or
full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said
of an officer. [Eng.]
Re*form"er (r?*f?rm"?r), n.
1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; one
who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of
manners, or of abuses.
2. (Eccl.Hist.) One of those who
commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century,
as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.
Re*form"ist, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82formiste.] A reformer.
Re*form"ly, adv. In the manner of a
reform; for the purpose of reform. [Obs.]
Milton.
Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n),
n. A fortifying anew, or a second time.
Mitford.
Re*for"ti*fy (r?*f?r"t?*f?), v. t.
To fortify anew.
Re*fos"sion (r?*f?sh"?n), n.
[L. refodere, refossum, to dig up
again. See Fosse.] The act of digging up
again. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Re*found" (r?*found"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + found to cast; cf. F.
refondare. Cf. Refund.] 1.
To found or cast anew. \'bdAncient bells
refounded.\'b8
T. Warton.
2. To found or establish again; to
re/stablish.
Re*found", imp. & p. p. of
Refind, v. t.
Re*found"er (-?r), n. One who
refounds.
Re*fract" (r?*fr$kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Refracting.] [L.
refractus, p. p. of refringere; pref.
re- re- + frangere to break: cf. F.
r\'82fracter. SEe FRacture, and cf.
Refrain, n.] 1. To bend
sharply and abruptly back; to break off.
2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light
orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of
different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an
action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium
refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a
rare medium.
Re*fract"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Capable of being refracted.
Re*fract"ed, a. 1. (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken;
as, a refracted stem or leaf.
2. Turned from a direct course by refraction;
as, refracted rays of light.
Re*fract"ing, a. Serving or tending to
refract; as, a refracting medium.
Refracting angle of a prism (Opt.),
the angle of a triangular prism included between the two
sides through which the refracted beam passes in the
decomposition of light. -- Refracting telescope.
(Opt.) See under Telescope.
Re*frac"tion (r?*fr?k"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82fraction.] 1. The
act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
2. The change in the direction of ray of light,
heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a
different density from that through which it has previously
moved.
Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser,
is made towards the perpendicular.
Sir I. Newton.
3. (Astron.) (a) The change in
the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the
apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates,
arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence
distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical
refraction. (b) The correction which is to be
deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account
of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true
altitude.
Angle of refraction (Opt.), the
angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the
surface separating the two media traversed by the ray. --
Conical refraction (Opt.), the
refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays,
forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed
through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances.
Conical refraction is of two kinds; external conical
refraction, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the
form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence;
and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is
changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from
which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular
phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by
mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment. --
Differential refraction (Astron.), the
change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second
object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required
to be made to the observed relative places of the two
bodies. -- Double refraction (Opt.),
the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two
distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by
all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial
crystal is said to be optically positive (like quartz),
or optically negative (like calcite), or to have
positive, or negative, double
refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis of least
or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly
designated when the same relation holds for the acute
bisectrix. -- Index of refraction. See under
Index. -- Refraction circle
(Opt.), an instrument provided with a graduated
circle for the measurement of refraction. --
Refraction of latitude, longitude,
declination, right ascension,
etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc.,
of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric
refraction. -- Terrestrial refraction, the
change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the
earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the
passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of
varying density.
Re*fract"ive (r?*fr?kt"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82fractif. See
Refract.] Serving or having power to refract,
or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as,
refractive surfaces; refractive
powers.
Refractive index. (Opt.) See
Index of refraction, under Index. --
Absolute refractive index (Opt.), the
index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it
from a vacuum. -- Relative refractive index (of
two media) (Opt.), the ratio of the sine of the
angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a
ray passing out of one of the media into the other.
Re*fract"ive*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being refractive.
Re`frac*tom"e*ter (r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r),
n. [Refraction +
-meter.] (Opt.) A contrivance
for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.
Re*fract"or (r/-fr/kt"/r), n.
Anything that refracts; specifically:
(Opt.) A refracting telescope, in which the image
to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing
through a convex lens.
Re*frac"to*ri*ly (r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?),
adv. In a refractory manner; perversely;
obstinately.
Re*frac"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being refractory.
Re*frac"to*ry (-r?), a. [L.
refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F.
refractaire. See Refract.] 1.
Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn;
unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a
refractory beast.
Raging appetites that are
Most disobedient and refractory.
Shak.
2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of
fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and
the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer;
as, a refractory ore.
Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate;
unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.
Re*frac"to*ry, n. 1. A
refractory person.
Bp. Hall.
2. Refractoriness. [Obs.]
Jer. TAylor.
3. OPottery) A piece of ware covered
with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a
glaze to the other articles.
Knight.
Re*frac"ture (r?*fr?k"t?r;135), n.
(Surg.) A second breaking (as of a badly set
bone) by the surgeon.
Re*frac"ture, v. t. (Surg.)
To break again, as a bone.
Ref"ra*ga*ble (r?f"r?*g?*b'l), a.
[LL. refragabilis, fr. L. refragari
to oppose.] Capable of being refuted; refutable.
[R.] -- Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness,
n. [R.] -- Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty
(-b/l`/*t/), n.
[R.]
Ref"ra*gate (-g?t), v. i. [L.
refragatus, p. p. of refragor.]
To oppose. [R.]
Glanvill.
Re*frain" (r?*fr?n"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refrained
(-fr?nd"); p. pr. & vb/ n.
Refraining.] [OE. refreinen,
OF. refrener, F. refr/ner, fr. L.
refrenare; influenced by OF. refraindre to
restrain, moderate, fr. LL. refrangere, for L.
refringere to break up, break (see Refract).
L. refrenare is fr. pref. re- back +
frenum bridle; cf. Skr. dh/ to
hold.] 1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep
within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.
His reson refraineth not his foul delight or
talent.
Chaucer.
Refrain thy foot from their path.
Prov. i. 15.
2. To abstain from [Obs.]
Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other
counsel than to refrain cold drink.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*frain", v. i. To keep one's self from
action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to
abstain.
Refrain from these men, and let them alone.
Acts v. 38.
They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time
after.
Sir T. Browne.
Syn. -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.
Re*frain", n. [F. refrain,
fr. OF. refraindre; cf. Pr. refranhs a
refrain, refranher to repeat. See
Refract,Refrain, v.] The
burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of
each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic
composition.
We hear the wild refrain.
Whittier.
Re*frain"er (r?*fr?n"?r), n.
One who refrains.
Re*frain"ment (-ment), n.
Act of refraining. [R.]
Re*frame" (r?*fr?m), v. t. To
frame again or anew.
Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?),
n. [Cf. F.
r\'82frangibilit\'82.] The quality of being
refrangible.
Re*fran"gi*ble (-fr?n"j?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82frangible. See
Refract.] Capable of being refracted, or
turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to
another, as rays of light. --
Re*fran"gi*ble*ness,
n.
Ref`re*na"tion (r?f`r?*n?"sh?n), n.
[L. refrenatio. See Refrain, v.
t.] The act of refraining.
[Obs.]
Re*fresh" (r?*fr?sh"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refreshed
(-fr?sht"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refreshing.] [OE. refreshen,
refreschen, OF. refreschir (cf. OF.
rafraischir, rafreschir, F.
rafra/chir); pref. re- re- +
fres fresh. F. frais. See Fresh,
a.] 1. To make fresh again; to
restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve
from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to
reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the
mind.
Chaucer.
Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours.
1 Cor. xvi. 18.
And labor shall refresh itself with hope.
Shak.
2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore.
The rest refresh the scaly snakes that fol/
The shield of Pallas, and renew their gold.
Dryden.
To refresh the memory, to quicken or
strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or
suggestion.
Syn. -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate;
renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.
Re*fresh", n. The act of
refreshing. [Obs.]
Daniel.
Re*fresh"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who, or that which, refreshes.
2. (Law) An extra fee paid to counsel in
a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that
is unusually protracted.
Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a
counsel can charge.
London Truth.
Re*fresh"ful (-f?l), a. Full of
power to refresh; refreshing. --
Re*fresh"ful*ly, adv.
Re*fresh"ing, a. Reviving;
reanimating. -- Re*fresh"ing*ly,
adv. -- Re*fresh"ing*ness,
n.
Re*fresh"ment (-ment), n.
[CF. OF. refreschissement, F.
rafra.] 1. The act
of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of
strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering;
new life or animation after depression.
2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or
reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.
Re*fret" (r?*fr?t"), n. [OF.
refret, L. refractus, p. p. See
Refrain, n., Refract.]
Refrain. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Re*freyd" (r?*fr?d"), v. t.
[OF. refreidier.] To chill; to
cool. [Obs.]
Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.
Chaucer.
Ref`ri*ca"tion (r?f`r?*k?"sh?n), n.
[L. refricare to rub again.] A rubbing
up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.]
A continual refrication of the memory.
Bp. Hall.
Re*frig"er*ant (r?*fr?j"?r-ant),
a. [L. refrigerans, p. pr. of
refrigerare: cf. F. r\'82frig\'82rant. See
Refrigerate.] Cooling; allaying heat or
fever.
Bacon.
Re*frig"er*ant, n. That which makes to
be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for
allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also
figuratively. Holland. \'bdA
refrigerant to passion.\'b8
Blair.
Re*frig"er*ate (-?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refrigerated
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refrigerating.] [L.
refrigeratus, p. p. cf. refrigerare; pref.
re- re- + grigerare to make cool, fr.
fragus, frigoris, coolness. See
Frigid.] To cause to become cool; to make or
keep cold or cool.
Re*frig`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82frig\'82ration, L.
refrigeratio.] The act or process of
refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.
Re*frig"er*a*tive (r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v),
a. [Cf. F. r\'82frig\'82ratif.]
Cooling; allaying heat. -- n. A
refrigerant.
Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative
treatment.
I. Taylor.
Re*frig"er*a`tor (-?`t?r), n.
That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps
cool. Specifically: (a) A box or room for
keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of
ice.<-- now by a mechanical cooling mechanism. -->
(b) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids
or vapors, connected with a still, etc.
Refrigerator car (Railroad), a
freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation
of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by
ice.<-- or by mechanical refrigeration -->
Re*frig"er*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a.
[L. refrigeratorius.] Mitigating heat;
cooling.
Re*frig"er*a*to*ry, n.; pl.
-ries (-fr/z). [CF. F.
r\'82frig\'82ratoire.] That which
refrigerates or cools. Specifically: (a) In
distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the
worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed. (b)
The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice
machine.
\'d8Ref`ri*ge"ri*um (r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m),
n. [L.] Cooling refreshment;
refrigeration. [Obs.]
South.
Re*frin"gen*cy (r?*fr?n"jen*s?),
n. The power possessed by a substance to refract
a ray; as, different substances have different
refringencies.
Nichol.
Re*frin"gent (-jent), a.
[L. refringens, p. pr. of refringere.
See Refract.] Pertaining to, or possessing,
refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a
refringent prism of spar.
Nichol.
Reft (r?ft), imp. & p. p. of
Reave. Bereft.
Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn.
Heber.
Reft, n. A chink; a rift. See
Rift.
Rom. of R.
Ref"uge (r?f"?j), n. [F.
r\'82fuge, L. refugium, fr.
refugere to flee back; pref. re- + figere.
SEe Fugitive.]
1. Shelter or protection from danger or
distress.
Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these
Find place or refuge.
Milton.
We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for
refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us.
Heb. vi. 18.
2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or
from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its
strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness;
a place inaccessible to an enemy.
The high hills are a refuger the wild goats.
Ps. civ. 18.
The Lord also will be a refuge for the
oppressed.
Ps. ix. 9.
<-- p. 1209 -->
3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a
device or contrivance.
Their latest refuge
Was to send him.
Shak.
Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by
terracing /// story in danger of darkness.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.),
certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons
who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were
three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx. --
House of refuge, a charitable institution for
giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or
tempted.
Syn. -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.
Ref"uge (r?f"?j), v. t. To
shelter; to protect. [Obs.]
Ref`u*gee" (r?f`?*j?"), n. [F.
r\'82fugi\'82, fr. se r\'82fugier to take
refuge. See Refuge, n.] 1.
One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.
2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or
political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for
safety; as, the French refugees who left France
after the revocation of the edict of Nantes.
{ Re*ful"gence (r?*f?l"jens),
Re*ful"gen*cy (-jen*s?), }
n. [L. refulgentia. See
Refulgent.] The quality of being refulgent;
brilliancy; splender; radiance.
Re*ful"gent (r?*f?l"jent),
a. [L. refulgens, p. pr. of
refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref.
re- re- + fulgere to shine. See
Fulgent.] Casting a bright light; radiant;
brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as,
refulgent beams. --
Re*ful"gent*ly, adv.
So conspicuous and refulgent a truth.
Boyle.
Re*fund" (r?*f?nd"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + fund.] To fund again or
anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to
refund a railroad loan.
Re*fund" (r?*f?nd"), v. t. [L.
refundere; pref. re- re- +
fundere to pour: cf. F. refondre,
refonder. See Fuse to melt, and cf.
Refound to cast again, 1st Refuse.]
1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.]
Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they
would refund that color upon the object.
Ray.
2. To give back; to repay; to restore.
A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced
to refund what he had wrongfully taken.
L'Estrange.
3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse.
[Obs.]
Re*fund"er (-?r), n. One who
refunds.
Re*fund"ment (-ment),
n.The act of refunding; also, that which is
refunded. [R.]
Lamb.
Re*fur"bish (r?*f?r"b?sh), v. t.
To furbish anew.
Re*fur"nish (-n?sh), v. t. To
furnish again.
Ref*fur"nish*ment (-ment),
n. The act of refurnishing, or state of being
refurnished.
The refurnishment was in a style richer than
before.
L. Wallace.
Re*fus"a*ble (r?*f?z"?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. refusable. See Refuse.]
Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.
Re*fus"al (-al), n.
1. The act of refusing; denial of anything
demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.
Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels,
On my refusal, to distress me more?
Milton.
2. The right of taking in preference to others; the
choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the
refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an
employment.
Re*fuse" (r?*f?z"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refused
(-f?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refusing.] [F. refuser,
either from (assumed) LL. refusare to refuse, v. freq.
of L. refundere to pour back, give back, restore (see
Refund to repay), or. fr. L. recusare to
decline, refuse cf. Accuse, Ruse), influenced
by L. refutare to drive back, repel, refute. Cf.
Refute.] 1. To deny, as a request,
demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.
That never yet refused your hest.
Chaucer.
2. (Mil.) To throw back, or cause to
keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular
aligment when troops ar/ about to engage the enemy; as, to
refuse the right wing while the left wing
attacks.
3. To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the
request or petition of; as, to refuse a
suitor.
The cunning workman never doth refuse
The meanest tool that he may chance to use.
Herbert.
4. To disown. [Obs.]
\'bdRefuse thy name.\'b8
Shak.
Re*fuse", v. i. To deny compliance; not
to comply.
Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse.
Garth.
If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the
sword.
Isa. i. 20.
Re*fuse", n. Refusal.
[Obs.]
Fairfax.
Ref`use (r?f"?s;277), n. [F.
refus refusal, also, that which is refused. See
Refuse to deny.] That which is refused or
rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.
Syn. -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.
Ref"use, a. Refused; rejected; hence;
left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.
Everything that was vile and refuse, that they
destroyed utterly.
1. Sam. xv. 9.
Re*fus"er (r?*f?z"?r), n. One
who refuses or rejects.
Re*fu"sion (r?*f?"zh?n), n.
[Pref. re-+ fusion.]
1. New or repeated melting, as of metals.
2. Restoration. \'bdThis doctrine of the
refusion of the soul.\'b8
Bp. Warbuton.
Ref"ul (r?f"?t), n. [OF.
refuite.] Refuge. \'bdThou haven of
refut.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty (r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?),
n. The quality of being refutable.
Re*fut"a*ble (r?*f?t"?*b'l;277), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82futable.] Admitting of
being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or
erroneous.
Re*fut"al (r?*f?t"al), n.
Act of refuting; refutation.
Ref`u*ta"tion (r?f`?*t?"sh?n), n.
[L. refutatio: cf. F.
r\'82futation.] The act or process of
refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of
falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion,
testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing
proof.
Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a
refutation.
Macaulay.
Re*fut"a*to*ry (r?*f?t"?*t?*r?), a.
[L. refutatorius: cf. F.
r\'82futatoire.] Tending tu refute;
refuting.
Re*fute" (r?*F3t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refuted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Refuting.] [F.
r\'82futer, L. refuteare to repel, refute.
Cf. Confute, Refuse to deny.] To
disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing
proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to
refute arguments; to refute testimony; to
refute opinions or theories; to refute a
disputant.
There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is
impossible to refute such multitudes.
Addison.
Syn. -- To confute; disprove. See Confute.
Re*fut"er (-f?t"?r), n. One
who, or that which, refutes.
Re*gain" (r?*g?n"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + gain: cf. F.
regagner.] To gain anew; to get again; to
recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.
Syn. -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.
Re"gal (r?"gal), a.
[L. regalis, fr. rex,
regis, a king. See Royal, and cf.
Rajah, Realm, Regalia.] Of
or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal
authority, pomp, or sway. \'bdThe regal
title.\'b8
Shak.
He made a scorn of his regal oath.
Milton.
Syn. -- Kingly; royal. See Kingly.
Re"gal, n. [F. r\'82gale, It.
regale. CF. Rigoll.] (Mus.)
A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows
being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.
\'d8Re*ga"le (r?*g?"l?), n.
[LL. regale, pl. regalia, fr. L.
regalis: cf. F. r\'82gale. See
Regal.] A prerogative of royalty.
[R.]
Johnson.
Re*gale" (r?*g?l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regaled
(-g?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regaling.] [F. r\'82galer,
Sp. regalar to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr.
L. regalare to thaw (cff. Gelatin), or cf.
Sp. gala graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of
a thing (cf. Gala), or most likely from OF.
galer to rejoice, gale pleasure.]
To enerta/n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain
with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; as, to
regale the taste, the eye, or the ear.
Re*gale", v. i. To feast; t/ fare
sumtuously.
Re*gale", n. [F. r\'82gal.
See Regale, v. t.] A sumptuous
repast; a banquet.
Johnson. Cowper.
Two baked custards were produced as additions to the
regale.
E. E. Hale.
Re*gale"ment (-ment), n.
The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment;
entertainment.
Re*gal"er (-g?l"?r), n. One who
regales.
Re*ga"li*a (r?*g?"l?*?), n. pl.
[LL., from L. regalisregal. See
Regal.] 1. That which belongs to
royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and prerogatives
of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c)
Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.
2. Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or
order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.
3. Sumptuous food; delicacies.
[Obs.]
Cotton.
Regalia of a church, the privileges granted to
it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony.
Brande & C.
Re*ga"li*a, n. A kind of cigar of large
size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars
are classed.
Re*ga"li*an (-an), a.
Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or
prerogatives.
Hallam.
Re"gal*ism (r?"gal*?z'm),
n. The doctrine of royal prerogative or
supremacy. [R.]
Cardinal Manning.
Re*gal"i*ty (r?*g?l"?*t?), n.
[LL. regalitas, from L. regalis regal,
royal. See Regal, and cf. Royality.]
1. Royalty; ssovereignty; sovereign
jurisdiction.
[Passion] robs reason of her due regalitie.
Spenser.
He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all
points of regality.
Bacon.
2. An ensign or badge of royalty.
[Obs.]
Re"gal*ly (r?"gal*l?), adv.
In a regal or royal manner.
Re*gard" (r?*g?rd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regarded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Regarding.] [F.
regarder; pref. re- re + garder
to guard, heed, keep. See Guard, and cf.
Reward.] 1. To keep in view; to
behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon.
Your niece regards me with an eye of favor.
Shak.
2. Hence, to look or front toward; to face.
[Obs.]
It is peninsula which regardeth the mainland.
Sandys.
That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the ass/ent of a hill,
flanked with wood and regarding the river.
Evelyn.
3. To look closely at; to observe attentively; to
pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly.
If much you note him,
You offened him; . . . feed, and regard him not.
Shak.
4. To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold
as an popinion; to consider; as, to regard
abstinence from wine as a duty; to regard another as a
friend or enemy.
5. To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling
toward; as, to regard one with favor or
dislike.
His associates seem to have regarded him with
kindness.
Macaulay.
6. To pay respect to; to treat as something of
peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to
esteem.
He that regardeth thae day, regardeth it
into the LOrd.
Rom. xiv. 6.
Here's Beaufort, that regards nor God nor king.
Shak.
7. To take into consideration; to take account of,
as a fact or condition. \'bdNether regarding
that she is my child, nor fearing me as if II were her
father.\'b8
Shak.
8. To have relation to, as bearing upon; to
respect; to relate to; to touch; as, an argument does not
regard the question; -- often used impersonally;
as, I agree with you as regards this or
that.
Syn. -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect;
esteem; estimate; value. See Attend.
Re*gard" (r?*g?rd"), v. i. To
look attentively; to consider; to notice.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re*gard", n. [F. regard See
Regard, v. t.] 1. A look;
aspect directed to another; view; gaze.
But her, with stern regard, he thus repelled.
Milton.
2. Attention of the mind with a feeling of
interest; observation; heed; notice.
Full many a lady
I have eyed with best regard.
Shak.
3. That view of the mind which springs from
perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that
excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection;
as, to have a high regard for a person; --
often in the plural.
He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable
regards.
A. Smith.
Save the long-sought regards of woman, nothing is
sweeter than those marks of childish preference.
Hawthorne.
4. State of being regarded, whether favorably or
otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account.
A man of meanest regard amongst them, neither
having wealth or power.
Spenser.
5. Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.
Sad pause and deep regard become the sage.
Shak.
6. Matter for conssideration; account;
condition. [Obs.] \'bdReason full of good
regard.\'b8
Shak.
7. Respect; relation; reference.
Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with
regard to themselves; in justice and goodness with
regard to their neighbors; and piefy toward God.
I. Watts.
in regard of was formerly used
as equivalent in meaning to on account of, but in
modern usage is often improperly substituted for in respect
to, or in regard to.
G. P. Marsh.
Change was thought necessary in regard of the
injury the church did receive by a number of things then in
use.
Hooker.
In regard of its security, it had a great advantage
over the bandboxes.
Dickens.
8. Object of sight; scene; view; aspect.
[R.]
Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,
Even till we make the main and the a\'89rial blue
An indistinct regard.
Shak.
9. (O.Eng.Law) Supervision;
inspection.
At regard of, in consideration of; in
comparison with. [Obs.] \'bdBodily penance is but
short and little at regard of the pains of hell.\'b8
Chaucer. -- Court of regard, a
forest court formerly held in England every third year for the
lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent them from running
after deer; -- called also survey of dogs.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed;
care; concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.
Re*gard"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded;
observable. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*gard"ant (-ant), a.
[F. regardant, fr. regarder. See
Regard, v. t.] [Written also
regardant.] 1. Looking behind;
looking backward watchfully.
[He] turns thither his regardant eye.
Southey.
2. (Her.) Looking behind or backward;
as, a lion regardant.
3. (O.Eng.Law) Annexed to the land or
manor; as, a villain regardant.
Re*gard"er (r?*g?rd"?r), n.
1. One who regards.
2. (Eng. Forest law) An officer
appointed to supervise the forest.
Cowell.
Re*gard"ful (-f?l), a. Heedful;
attentive; observant. --
Re*gard"ful*ly, adv.
Let a man be very tender and regardful of every
pious motion made by the Spirit of God to his heart.
South.
Syn. -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.
Re*gard"ing, prep. Concerning;
respecting.
Re*gard"less, a. 1. Having no
regard; heedless; careless; as, regardless of life,
consequences, dignity.
Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat.
Milton.
2. Not regarded; slighted. [R.]
Spectator.
Syn. -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent;
unconcerned; inattentive; unobservant; neglectful.
-- Re*gard"less*ly, adv. --
Re*gard"less*ness, n.
Re*gath"er (r?*g?th"?r), v. t.
To gather again.
Re*gat"ta (r?*g?t"t?), n.; pl.
Regattas (-t/z). [It.
regatta, regata.] Originally, a
gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a
series of such races.
Re"gel (r?"g?l), n.
(Astron.) See Rigel.
Re"ge*late (r?"j?*l?t , v.
i. (Physics) To freeze together again; to
undergo regelation, as ice.
Re`ge*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
[Pref. re- + L. gelatio a
freezing.] (Physics) The act or process of
freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice.
regelation.
Faraday.
Re"gence (r?"jens), n.
Rule. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
Re"gen*cy (r?*jen*s?), n.;
pl. Regencies (-s/z). [CF.
F. r\'82gence, LL. regentia. See
Regent, a.] 1. The office
of ruler; rule; authority; government.
2. Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or
dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents;
deputed or vicarious government.
Sir W. Temple.
3. A body of men intrusted with vicarious
government; as, a regency constituted during a
king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other
disability.
A council or regency consisting of twelve
persons.
Lowth.
Re*gen"er*a*cy (r?*j?n"?r*?*s?), n.
[See Regenerate.] The state of being
regenerated.
Hammond.
Re*gen"er*ate (-?t), a. [L.
regeneratus, p. p. of regenerare to
regenerate; pref. re- re- + generare to
beget. See Generate.] 1.
Reproduced.
The earthly author of my blood,
Whose youthful spirit, in me regenerate,
Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up.
Shak.
2. (Theol.) Born anew; become Christian;
renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual
state.
<-- p. 1210 -->
Re*gen"er*ate (r?*j?n"?r*?t), v. t.
1. To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to
give new life, strength, or vigor to.
Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads.
Regenerates the plauts, and new adorns the meads.
Blackmore.
2. (Theol.) To cause to be spiritually
born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to
holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of.
3. Hence, to make a radical change for the better
in the character or condition of; as, to regenerate
society.
Re*gen"er*ate*ness (-?t*n?s), n.
The quality or state of being rgenerate.
Re*gen`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[L. regeneratio: cf. F.
r\'82g\'82neration.] 1. The act of
regenerating, or the state of being regenerated.
2. (Theol.) The entering into a new
spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian;
that change by which holy affectations and purposes are
substituted for the opposite motives in the heart.
He saved us by the washing of regeneration, and
renewing of the Holy Chost.
Tit. iii. 5.
3. (Biol.) The reproduction of a part
which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process
especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; as,
the regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by
spiders and crabs.
4. (Physiol.) (a) The
reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been
used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; as,
the continual regeneration of the epithelial cells of
the body, or the regeneration of the contractile
substance of muscle. (b) The union of
parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically
perfect; as, the regeneration of a nerve.
Re*gen"er*a*tive (r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v),
a. Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to
regenerate; as, regenerative influences.
H. Bushnell.
Regenerative furnace (Metal.), a
furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air
for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens
furnace.
Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly, adv. So as to
regenerate.
Re*gen"er*a`tor (-?`t?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, regenerates.
2. (Mech.) A device used in connection
with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the
incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with
masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by
the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.
Re*gen"er*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a.
Having power to renew; tending to reproduce;
regenerating.
G. S. Faber.
Re*gen"e*sis (-?*s?s), n. New
birth; renewal.
A continued regenesis of dissenting sects.
H. Spenser.
Re"gent (r?"jent), a.
[L. regens, -entis, p. pr. of
regere to rule: cf. F. r\'82gent. See
Regiment.] 1. Ruling; governing;
regnant. \'bdSome other active regent principle
. . . which we call the soul.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Exercising vicarious authority.
Milton.
Queen regent. See under Queen,
n.
Re"gent, n. [F. r\'82gent.
See Regent, a.] 1. One
who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler.
Milton.
2. Especially, one invested with vicarious
authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or
disability of the sovereign.
3. One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer;
a superintendent; a curator; as, the regents of the
Smithsonian Institution.
4. (Eng.Univ.) A resident master of arts
of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo.
They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools.
Regent bird (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
Australian bower bird (Sericulus melinus). The male
has the head, neck, and large patches on the wings, bright golden
yellow, and the rest of the plumage deep velvety black; -- so
called in honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.),
who was Prince Regent in the reign of George III. --
The Regents of the University of the State of New
York, the members of a corporate body called the
University of New York. They have a certain supervisory power
over the incorporated institution for Academic and higher
education in the State.
Re"gent*ess, n. A female regent.
[R.]
Cotgrave.
Re"gent*ship, n. The office of a regent;
regency.
Re*ger"mi*nate (r?*j?r"m?*n?t), v.
i. [Pref. re- + germinate: cf. L.
regerminare.] To germinate again.
Perennial plants regerminate several years
successively.
J. Lee.
Re*ger`mi*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
[L. regerminatio.] A germinating again
or anew.
Re*gest" (r?*j?st"), n. [L.
regesta, pl.: cf. OF. regestes, pl. See
Register.] A register.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Re*get" (r?*g?t"), v. t. To get
again.
Re"gi*an (r?"j?-an), n.
[L. regius regal.] An upholder of
kingly authority; a royalist. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Reg"i*ble (r?j"?*b'l), a. [L.
regibilis, from regere to rule.]
Governable; tractable. [Obs.]
Reg"i*ci`dal (r?j"?*s?`dal),
a. Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing
it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide.
Bp. Warburton.
Reg"i*cide (r?j"?*s?d), n. [F.
r\'82gicide; L. rex, regis, a
king + caedere to kill. Cf. Homicide.]
1. One who kills or who murders a king;
specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who
condemned Charles I. to death.
2. The killing or the murder of a king.
Re*gild" (r?*g?ld"), v. t. To
gild anew.
\'d8R\'82`gime" (r?`zh?m"), n.
[F. See Regimen.] 1. Mode or
system of rule or management; character of government, or of the
prevailing social system.
I dream . . . of the new r\'82gime which is to
come.
H. Kingsley.
2. (Hydraul.) The condition of a river
with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume
of water passing different cross sections in a given time,
uniform r\'82gime being the condition when the flow is
equal and uniform at all the cross sections.
The ancient r\'82gime, Ancien
r\'82gime [F.], the former political
and social system, as distinguished from the modern;
especially, the political and social system existing in France
before the Revolution of 1789.
Reg"i*men (r?j"?*m?n), n. [L.
regimen, -inis, fr. regere to
guide, to rule. See Right, and cf. Regal,
R\'82gime, Regiment.] 1.
Orderly government; system of order; adminisration.
Hallam.
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to
produce beneficial effects by gradual operation; esp.
(Med.), a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed
with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the
purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of
flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with
hygiene.
3. (Gram.) (a) A syntactical
relation between words, as when one depends on another and is
regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government.
(b) The word or words governed.
Reg"i*ment (-ment), n.
[F. r\'82giment a regiment of men, OF. also
government, L. regimentum government, fr.
regere to guide, rule. See Regimen.]
1. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority;
regimen. [Obs.] Spenser.
\'bdRegiment of health.\'b8 Bacon.
But what are kings, when regiment is gone,
But perfect shadows in a sunshine day?
Marlowe.
The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of
regiment.
Hocker.
2. A region or district governed.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
3. (Mil.) A body of men, either horse,
foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a
number of companies, usually ten.
Regiment of the line (Mil.), a
regiment organized for general service; -- in distinction from
those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are usually special.
[Eng.]
Reg"i*ment (-m?nt), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regimented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Regimenting.] To
form into a regiment or into regiments.
Washington.
Reg`i*men"tal (-m?n"tal),
a. Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment;
as, regimental officers, clothing.
Regimental school, in the British army, a
school for the instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment,
and their children, in the rudimentary branches of
education.
Reg`i*men"tal*ly, adv. In or by a
regiment or regiments; as, troops classified
regimentally.
Reg`i*men"tals (-talz), n.
pl. (Mil.) The uniform worn by the officers
and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in
the singular in the same sense.
Colman.
Re*gim"i*nal (r?*j?m"?*nal),
a. Of or relating to regimen; as,
regiminal rules.
Re"gion (r?"j?n), n. [F.
r\'82gion, from L. regio a direction, a
boundary line, region, fr. regere to guide, direct.
See Regimen.] 1. One of the grand
districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the
earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in
general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent;
country; province; district; tract.
If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world,
Or unknown region.
Milton.
2. Tract, part, or space, lying about and including
anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. \'bdThough the
fork invade the region of my heart.\'b8
Shak.
Philip, tetrarch of .. the region of
Trachonitis.
Luke iii. 1.
3. The upper air; the sky; the heavens.
[Obs.]
Anon the dreadful thunder
Doth rend the region.
Shak.
4. The inhabitants of a district.
Matt. iii. 5.
5. Place; rank; station. [Obs. or
R.]
He is of too high a region.
Shak.
Re"gion*al (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.
Re"gi*ous (-j?*?s), a. [L.
regius royal, fr. rex, regis,
king.] Regal; royal. [Obs.]
Harrington.
Reg"is*ter (r?j"?s*t?r), n.
[OE. registre, F. registre, LL.
registrum,regestum, L. regesta,
pl., fr. regerere, regestum, to carry back,
to register; pref. re- re- + gerere to
carry. See Jest, and cf. Regest.]
1. A written account or entry; an official or
formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a
list or roll; a schedule.
As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into
the register of your own.
Shak.
2. (Com.) (a) A record
containing a list and description of the merchant vessels
belonging to a port or customs district. (b)
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port
or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description
of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is
kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of
nationality or as a muniment of title.
3. [Cf. LL. registrarius. Cf.
Regisrar.] One who registers or records; a
registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with
the duty of recording certain transactions or events; as, a
register of deeds.
4. That which registers or records.
Specifically: (a) (Mech.) A contrivance
for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the
rapidity of a process. (b) (Teleg.)
The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records
automatically the message received. (c) A
machine for registering automatically the number of persons
passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale.
5. A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace,
stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel;
also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the
floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for
admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating
ventilation.
6. (Print.) (a) The inner part
of the mold in which types are cast. (b) The
correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or
reverse sides of the sheet. (c) The
correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a
design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic
printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See
Register, v. i. 2.
7. (Mus.) (a) The compass of a
voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a
voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; as, the
upper, middle, or lower register; the soprano
register; the tenor register.
thick
register properly extends below from the F on the lower
space of the treble staff. The thin register extends
an octave above this. The small register is above the
thin. The voice in the thick register is called the chest
voice; in the thin, the head voice.
Falsetto is a kind off voice, of a thin, shrull
quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin register
for tones below the proper limit on the scale.
E. Behnke.
(b) A stop or set of pipes in an organ.
Parish register, A book in which are recorded
the births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and burials in a
parish.
Syn. -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle;
annals. See List.
Reg"is*ter (r?j"?s*t?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Registere
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Registering.] [Cf. F.
regisrer, exregistrer, LL.
registrare. See Register,
n.] 1. T/ enter in a register;
to record formally and distinctly, as for future use or
service.
2. To enroll; to enter in a list.
Such follow him as shall be registered.
Milton.
Registered letter, a letter, the address of
which is, on payment of a special fee, registered in the post
office and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to
with particular care.
Reg"is*ter, v. i. 1. To enroll
one's name in a register.
2. (Print.) To correspond in ralative
position; as, two pages, columns, etc. ,
register when the corresponding parts fall in the same
line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or
(as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design
are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is
necessary.
Reg"is*ter*ing, a. Recording; -- applied
to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; as, a
registering thermometer. See
Recording.
Reg"is*ter*ship, n. The office of a
register.
Reg"is*trant (-trant), n.
[L. registrans, p. pr.] One who
registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official
registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as
to a trade-mark.
Reg"is*trar (-tr?r), n. [LL.
registrarius, or F. r\'82gistraire. See
Register.] One who registers; a recorder; a
keeper of records; as, a registrar of births,
deaths, and marriages. See Register, n.,
3.
Reg"is*trar*ship, n. The office of a
registrar.
Reg"is*tra*ry (- tr?*r?), n. A
registrar. [Obs.]
Reg"is*trate (-tr?t), v. t. To
register. [R.]
Reg`is*tra"tion (-tr?"sh?n), n.
[LL. registratio, or F.
r\'82gistration. See Register,
v.] 1. The act of registering;
registry; enrollment.
2. (Mus.) The art of selecting and
combining the stops or registers of an organ.
Reg"is*try (r?j"?s*tr?), n.
1. The act of recording or writing in a register;
enrollment; registration.
2. The place where a register is kept.
3. A record; an account; a register.
Sir W. Temple.
\'d8Re"gi*us (r?l"?*?s), a. [L.
regius, from rex, regis, a
king.] Of or pertaining to a king; royal.
Regius professor, an incumbent of a
professorship founded by royal bounty, as in an English
university.
Re*give" (r?*g?v"), v. t. To
give again; to give back.
Re"gle (r?g"'l) v. t. [See
Reglement.] To rule; to govern.
[Obs.] \'bdTo regle their lives.\'b8
Fuller.
Re"gle*ment (r?g"'l*ment),
n. [F. r\'82glement, fr.
r\'82gler, L. regulare. See
Regulate.] Regulation.
[Obs.]
The reformation and reglement of usuary.
Bacon.
Reg`le*men"ta*ry (-l?*m?n"t?*r?), a.
[F. r\'82glementaire, fr.
r\'82glement.] Regulative.
[R.]
Reg"let (r?g"l?t), n. [F.
r\'82glet, dim. of r\'8agle a rule, L.
regula. See Rule.] 1.
(Arch.) A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to
separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one
another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots,
frets, or other ornaments. See Illust. (12) of
Column.
2. (Print.)A strip of wood or metal of
the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between
pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other
open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by
the name of the type that it matches; as, nonpareil
reglet, pica reglet, and the like.
\'d8Reg"ma (r?g"m?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ////, -///, fracture, fr.
////// to break.] (Bot.) A kind
of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at
length breaks open at the inner angle.
Reg"ma*carp (-k?rp), n
[Regma + Gr. /// fruit.]
(Bot.) Any dry dehiscent fruit.
Reg"nal (r?g"nal), a.
[L. regnum reign.] Of or pertaining to
the reign of a monarch; as, regnal years.
Reg"nan*cy (-nan*s?), n.
The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty;
rule.
Coleridge.
Reg"nant (-nant), a.
[L. regnans, -antis, p. pr. of
regnare to reign: cf. F r\'82gnant. See
Reign.] 1. Exercising regal
authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant.
2. Having the chief power; ruling; predominant;
prevalent. \'bdA traitor to the vices
regnant.\'b8
Swift.
Reg"na*tive (-n?*t?v), a.
Ruling; governing. [Obs.]
Regne (r?n), n. & v. See
Reign. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*gorge" (r?*g?rj"), v. t. [F.
regorder; re- + gorger to gorge. Cf.
Regurgitate.] 1. To vomit up; to
eject from the stomach; to throw back.
Hayward.
2. To swallow again; to swallow back.
Tides at highest mark regorge the flood.
DRyden.
<-- p. 1211 -->
Re*grade" (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L.
re- re- + gradi to go. Cf. Regrede. ]
To retire; to go back. [Obs.]
W. Hales.
Re*graft" (r?*gr?ft"), v. t. To
graft again.
Re*grant" (r?*gr?nt"), v. t. To
grant back; to grant again or anew.
Ayliffe.
Re*grant", n. 1. The act of
granting back to a former proprietor.
2. A renewed of a grant; as, the
regrant of a monopoly.
Re*grate" (r?*gr?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regrated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Regrating.] [F.
regratter, literally, to scrape again. See
Re-, and Grate, v. t.]
1. (Masonry) To remove the outer surface
of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh
appearance.
2. To offend; to shock. [Obs.]
Derham.
Re*grate", v. t. [F.
regratter to regrate provisions; of uncertain
origin.] (Eng.Law) To buy in large
quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with
the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same
place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly
treated as a public offense.
Re*grat"er (-?r), n. [F.
regrattier.] One who regrates.
Re*grat"er*y, n. The act or practice of
regrating.
Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry (r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?),
n. A returning or giving of thanks.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Re*grat"or (r?*gr?t"?r), n. One
guilty of regrating.
Re*grede" (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L.
regredi to go back. Cf. Regrade,
Regress.] To go back; to retrograde, as the
apsis of a planet's orbit. [R.]
Todhunter.
Re*gre"di*ence (r?*gr?"d?-ens),
n. A going back; a retrogression; a return.
[R.]
Herrick.
Re*greet" (r?*gr?t"), v. t. To
greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to
greet.
Shak.
Re*greet", n. A return or exchange of
salutation.
Re"gress (r?"gr?s), n. [L.
regressus, fr. regredi,
regressus. See Regrede.] 1.
The act of passing back; passage back; return;
retrogression. \'bdThe progress or regress of
man\'b8.
F. Harrison.
2. The power or liberty of passing back.
Shak.
Re*gress" (r?*gr?s"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Regressed
(-gr?st"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regressing.] To go back; to return to a
former place or state.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*gres"sion (r?*gr?sh"?n), n.
[L. regressio: cf. F.
r\'82gression.] The act of passing back or
returning; retrogression; retrogradation.
Sir T. Browne.
Edge of regression (of a surface)
(Geom.), the line along which a surface turns back
upon itself; -- called also a cuspidal
edge. -- Regression point
(Geom.), a cusp.
Re*gress"ive (r?*gr?s"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82gressif.]
1. Passing back; returning.
2. Characterized by retrogression;
retrogressive.
Regressive metamorphism. (a)
(Biol.) See Retrogression.
(b) (Physiol.) See
Katabolism.
Re*gress"ive*ly, adv. In a regressive
manner.
Re*gret" (r?*gr?t"), n [F., fr.
regretter. See Regret, /]
1. Pain of mind on account of something done or
experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different;
a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief;
sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some
joy, advantage, or satisfaction. \'bdA passionate
regret at sin.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
What man does not remember with regret the first
time he read Robinson Crusoe?
Macaulay.
Never any prince expressed a more lively regret for
the loss of a servant.
Clarendon.
From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond
regrets and tender recollections.
W. Irving.
2. Dislike; aversion. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance;
penitence; self-condemnation. -- Regret,
Remorse, Compunction, Contrition,
Repentance. Regret does not carry with it the
energy of remorse, the sting of
compunction, the sacredness of contrition,
or the practical character of repentance. We even
apply the term regret to circumstance over which we
have had no control, as the absence of friends or their loss.
When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts
than to wrong or sinful ones.
C. J. Smith.
Re*gret", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Regretted (-t?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Regretting.] [F.
regretter, OF. regreter; L. pref.
re- re- + a word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth.
gr/tan to weep, Icel. gr/ta. See
Greet to lament.] To experience regret on
account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel
sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the
loss of something); as, to regret an error; to
regret lost opportunities or friends.
Calmly he looked on either life, and here
Saw nothing to regret, or there to fear.
Pope.
In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to
regret their slavery, and to murmur against their
leader.
Macaulay.
Recruits who regretted the plow from which they had
been violently taken.
Macaulay.
Re*gret"ful (-f?l), a. Full of
regret; indulging in regrets; repining. --
Re*gret"ful*ly, adv.
Re*grow" (r?*gr?"), v. i. & t.
To grow again.
The snail had power to regrow them all [horns,
tongue, etc.]
A. B. Buckley.
Re*growth" (r?*gr?th"), n. The
act of regrowing; a second or new growth.
Darwin.
The regrowth of limbs which had been cut off.
A. B. Buckley.
Re*guard"ant (r?*g?rd"ant),
a. (Her.) Same as
Regardant.
Re*guer"don (r?*g?r"d?n), v. t.
[Pref. re- re- + guerdon: cf. OF.
reguerdonner.] To reward.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Reg"u*la*ble (r?g"?*l?*b'l), a.
Capable of being regulated. [R.]
Reg"u*lar (-l?r), a. [L.
regularis, fr. regula a rule, fr.
regere to guide, to rule: cf. F.
r\'82gulier. See Rule.]
1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established
rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms;
normal; symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry;
a regular piece of music; a regular verb;
regular practice of law or medicine; a regular
building.
2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in
course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or
irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily
pursued; orderlly; methodical; as, the regular
succession of day and night; regular habits.
3. Constituted, selected, or conducted in
conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly
authorized; permanently organized; as, a regular
meeting; a regular physican; a regular
nomination; regular troops.
4. Belonging to a monastic order or community;
as, regular clergy, in distinction dfrom the
secular clergy.
5. Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a
regular humbug. [Colloq.]
6. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having all the
parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; as, a
regular flower; a regular sea
urchin.
7. (Crystallog.) Same as
Isometric.
Regular polygon (Geom.), a plane
polygon which is both equilateral and equiangular. --
Regular polyhedron (Geom.), a
polyhedron whose faces are equal regular polygons. There are five
regular polyhedrons, -- the tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube,
the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron. --
Regular sales (Stock Exchange), sales
of stock deliverable on the day after the transaction. --
Regular troops, troops of a standing or permanent
army; -- opposed to militia.<-- or opposed to
reserves -->
Syn. -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See
Normal.
Reg"u*lar (r?g"?*l?r), n. [LL.
regularis: cf. F. r\'82gulier. See
Regular, a.] 1. (R. C.
Ch.) A member of any religious order or community who
has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who
has been solemnly recognized by the church.
Bp. Fitzpatrick.
2. (Mil.) A soldier belonging to a
permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural.
\'d8Reg`u*la"ri*a (r?g`?*l?"r?*?),
n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea
urchins.
Reg`u*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82gularit\'82.] The
condition or quality of being regular; as,
regularity of outline; the regularity of
motion.
Reg"u*lar*ize (r?g"?*l?r*?z), v. t.
To cause to become regular; to regulate.
[R.]
Reg"u*lar*ly, adv. In a regular manner;
in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time.
Reg"u*lar*ness, n. Regularity.
Boyle.
Reg"u*lato (-l?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regulated
(-l?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regulating.] [L. regulatus,
p. p. of regulare, fr. regula. See
Regular.] 1. To adjust by rule,
method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to
subject to governing principles or laws.
The laws which regulate the successions of the
seasons.
Macaulay.
The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes,
and regulated their own police.
Bancroft.
2. To put in good order; as, to
regulate the disordered state of a nation or its
finances.
3. To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a
desired rate, degree, or condition; as, to regulate
the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a
machine, etc.
To regulate a watch clock, to adjust its rate of running so
that it will keep approximately standard time.
Syn. -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct;
order; rule; govern.
Reg`u*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
1. The act of regulating, or the state of being
regulated.
The temper and regulation of our own minds.
Macaulay.
2. A rule or order prescribed for management or
government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing
direction; precept; law; as, the regulations of a
society or a school.
Regulation sword, cap,
uniform, etc. (Mil.), a sword,
cap, uniform, etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by the
official regulations.
Syn. -- Law; rule; method; principle; order;
precept. See Law.
Reg"u*la*tive (r?g"?*l?*t?v), a.
1. Tending to regulate; regulating.
Whewell.
2. (Metaph.) Necessarily assumed by the
mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing
fundamental principles; as, the regulative
principles, or principles a priori; the
regulative faculty.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Reg"u*la`tor (-l?`t?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, regulates.
2. (Mach.) A contrivance for regulating
and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a
watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and
thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The
governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling
the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.
3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard
of correct time. See Astronomical clock
(a), under Clock.
4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in
default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and
prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the
comission of violent crimes. [U.S.]
A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the
Regulators.
Bancroft.
Reg"u*line (r?g"?*l?n), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82gulin. See Regulus.]
(Chem. & Metal.) Of or pertaining to
regulus.
Reg"u*lize (-l?z), v. t. (Old
Chem.) To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal
from extraneous matter; as, to regulize
antimony. [Archaic]
Reg"u*lus (-l?s), n.; pl. E.
Reguluses (-/z), L. Reguli
(-l/). [L., a petty king, prince, dim. of
rex, regis, a king: cf. F.
r\'82gule. See Regal.] 1.
A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.
2. (Chem. & Metal.) The button, globule,
or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in
the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of
ores.
little king; and from the facility with which antimony
alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had great hopes
that this metal, antimony, would lead them to the
discovery of the philosopher's stone.
Ure.
3. (Astron.) A star of the first
magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the
Lion's Heart.
Re*gur"gi*tate (r?*g?r"j?*t?t), v.
t. [LL. regurgitare,
regurgitatum; L. pref. re- re- +
gurges, -itis, a gulf. Cf.
Regorge.] To throw or pour back, as from a
deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great
quantity.
Re*gur"gi*tate, v. i. To be thrown or
poured back; to rush or surge back.
The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the
esophagus and mouth.
Quain.
Re*gur`gi*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82gurgitation.] 1.
The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of
entrance; specifically (Med.), the reversal
of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow
through a tube or cavity of the body.
Quain.
2. The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.
Re`ha*bil"i*tate (r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Rehabilitated (-t?`t?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rehabilitating.] [Pref.
re- re- + habilitate: cf. LL.
rehabilitare, F. r\'82habiliter.]
To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or
dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to
qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right,
rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and
canon law.
Restoring and rehabilitating the party.
Burke.
Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. LL. rehabilitatio, F.
R\'82habilitation.] The act of
rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated.
Bouvier. Walsh.
Re*hash" (r?*h?sh"), v. t. To
hash over again; to prepare or use again; as, to
rehash old arguments.
Re*hash", n.Something hashed over, or
made up from old materials.
Re*hear" (r?*h?r"), v. t. To
hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a
cause in Chancery.
Re*hears"al (r?*h?rs"a), n.
The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition;
specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of
practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or
exercise.
Chaucer.
In rehearsal of our Lord's Prayer.
Hooker.
Here's marvelous convenient place for our
rehearsal.
Shak.
Dress rehearsal (Theater), a
private preparatory performance of a drama, opera, etc., in
costume.
Re*hearse" (r?*h?rs"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rehearsed
(-h?rst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rehearsing.] [OE. rehercen,
rehersen, OF. reherser,
rehercier, to harrow over again; pref. re-
re- + hercier to harrow, fr. herce a
harrow, F. herse. See Hearse.]
1. To repeat, as what has been already said; to
tell over again; to recite.
Chaucer.
When the words were heard which David spake, they
rehearsed them before Saul.
1 Sam. xvii. 31.
2. To narrate; to relate; to tell.
Rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord.
Judg. . v. 11.
3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment
and improvement, before a public representation; as, to
rehearse a tragedy.
4. To cause to rehearse; to instruct by
rehearsal. [R.]
He has been rehearsed by Madame Defarge as to his
having seen her.
Dickens.
Syn. -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe;
tell; relate; narrate.
Re*hearse", v. i. To recite or repeat
something for practice. \'bdThere will we
rehearse.\'b8
Shak.
Re*hears"er (-?r), n. One who
rehearses.
Re*heat" (r?*h?t"), v. t.
1. To heat again.
2. To revive; to cheer; to cherish.
[Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Re`hi*bi"tion (r?`h?*b?sh"?n), n.
[Pref. re- + L. habere to have.]
(Law) The returning of a thing purchased to the
seller, on the ground of defect or frand.
Re*hib"i*to*ry (r?*h?b"?*t?*r?), a.
(Law) Of or relating to rehibition; as, a
rehibitory action.
Re*hire" (r?*h?r"), v. t. To
hire again.
Re`hy*poth"e*cate (r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t), v.
t. (Law) To hypothecate again. --
Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion,
n.
Rei (r?), n.;pl.
Reis (r/"/s or r/z).
[Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real
a coin.] A portuguese money of account, in value about
one tenth of a cent. [Spelt also
ree.]
\'d8Reichs"rath` (r?ks"r?t), n.
[G] The parliament of Austria (exclusive of
Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of
an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of
Representatives.
\'d8Reichs"stand` (r?ks"st?t`), n.
[G.] A free city of the former German
empire.
\'d8Reichs"tag` (r?ks"t?g`), n.
[G.] The Diet, or House of Representatives, of
the German empire, which is composed of members elected for a
term of three years by the direct vote of the people. See
Bundesrath.
Reif (r?f), n. [AS.
re/f.] Robbery; spoil.
[Obs.]
Rei"gle (r?"g'l), n. [F.
r\'8agle a rule, fr. L. regula. See
Rule.] A hollow cut or channel for quiding
anything; as, the reigle of a side post for a flood
gate.
Carew.
Rei"gle, v. t. To regulate; to
govern. [Obs.]
Rei"gle*ment (-ment), n.
[See Reglement.] Rule; regulation.
[Obs.]
Bacon. Jer. Taylor.
Reign (r?n), n. [OE.
regne, OF. reigne, regne, F.
r\'8agne, fr. L. regnum, fr.
rex, regis, a king, fr. regere
to guide, rule. See Regal, Regimen.]
1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty;
rule; dominion.
He who like a father held his reign.
Pope.
Saturn's sons received the threefold reign
Of heaven, of ocean,, and deep hell beneath.
Prior.
2. The territory or sphere which is reigned over;
kingdom; empire; realm; dominion. [Obs.]
Spenser.
[God] him bereft the regne that he had.
Chaucer.
3. The time during which a king, queen, or emperor
possesses the supreme authority; as, it happened in the
reign of Elizabeth.
<-- p. 1212 -->
Reign (r?n), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Reigned
(r?nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reigning.] [OE. regnen,
reinen, OF. regner, F.
r\'82gner, fr. L. regnare, fr. regnum. See
Reign, n.] 1. To possess
or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government,
as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule.
Chaucer.
We will not have this man to reign over us.
Luke xix. 14.
Shall Banquo's issue ever
Reign in this kingdom?
Shak.
2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail.
\'bdPestilent diseases which commonly reign in
summer.\'b8
Bacon.
3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to
rule.
Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal
body.
Rom. vi. 12.
Syn. -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.
Reign"er (r?n"?r), n. One who
reigns. [R.]
Re`il*lume" (r?`?l*l?m"), v. t.
To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to
reillumine. \'bdThou must reillume its
spark.\'b8
J. R. Drake.
Re`il*lu"mi*nate (-l?"m?*n?t), v. t.
To enlighten again; to reillumine.
Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of enlightening again.
Re`il*lu"mine (-l?"m?n), v. t.
To illumine again or anew; to reillume.
Reim (r?m), n. [D.
riem, akin to G riemen; CF. Gr.
//// a towing line.] A strip of oxhide,
deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into
ropes, etc. [South Africa]
Simmonds.
Re`im*bark" (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. &
i. See Re/mbark.
Re`im*bod"y (-b?d"?), v. t. & i.
[See Re/mbody.] To imbody again.
Boyle.
Re`im*burs"a*ble (r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l),
a. [CF. F. remboursable.]
Capable of being repaid; repayable.
A loan has been made of two millions of dollars,
reimbursable in ten years.
A. Hamilton.
Re`im*burse" (-b?rs"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reimbursed
(-b?rst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reimbursing.] [Pref. re- +
imburse: cf. F. rembourser.] 1.
To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what
has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to
restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a
war.
2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent
to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive;
as, to reimburse one's self by successful
speculation.
Paley.
Re`im*burse"ment (-b?rs"ment),
n. [Cf. F. rembursement.]
The act reimbursing.
A. Hamilton.
Re`im*burs"er (-b?rs"?r), n.
One who reimburses.
Re`im*plant" (-pl?nt"), v. t.
To implant again.
Re`im*port" (-p?rt"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + import: cf. F.
remporter.] To import again; to import what
has been exported; to bring back.
Young.
Re*im`por*ta"tion (r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n),
n. The act of reimporting; also, that which is
reimported.
Re*im`por*tune" (-p?r*t?n"), v. t.
To importune again.
Re`im*pose" (r?`?m*p?z), v. t.
To impose anew.
Re`im*preg"nate (-pr?g"n?t), v. t.
To impregnate again or anew.
Sir T. Browne.
Re`im*press" (-pr?s"), v. t. To
impress anew.
Re`im*pres"sion (-pr?sh"?n), n.
A second or repeated impression; a reprint.
Re`im*print" (-pr?nt"), v. t.
To imprint again.
Re`im*pris"on (-pr?z'n), v. t.
To imprison again.
Re`im*pris"on*ment (-ment),
n. The act of reimprisoning, or the state of
being reimprisoned.
Rein (r?n), n. [F.
r, fr. (assumed) LL. retina, fr. L.
retinere to hold back. See Retain.]
1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or
snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the
horse.
This knight laid hold upon his reyne.
Chaucer.
2. Hence, an instrument or means of curbing,
restraining, or governing; government; restraint. \'bdLet
their eyes rove without rein.\'b8
Milton.
To give rein, To give the rein
to, to give license to; to leave withouut
restrain. -- To take the reins, to take the
guidance or government; to assume control.
Rein, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reined (r?nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reining.] 1. To
govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse
one way or another.
He mounts and reins his horse.
Chapman.
2. To restrain; to control; to check.
Being once chafed, he can not
Be reined again to temperance.
Shak.
To rein in rein up,
to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by drawing the
reins.
Rein, v. i. To be guided by reins.
[R.]
Shak.
Re`in*au"gu*rate, v. t. To inaugurate
anew.
Re"in*cit" (-s?t"), v. t. To
incite again.
Re`in*cor"po*rate, v. t. To incorporate
again.
Re`in*crease" (-kr?s"), v. t.
To increase again.
Re`in*cur" (-k?r"), v. t. To
incur again.
Rein"deer` (r?n"d?r), n. [Icel.
hreinn reindeer + E. deer. Icel.
hreinn is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish
reino pasturage.] [Formerly written also
raindeer, and ranedeer.]
(Zool.) Any ruminant of the genus
Rangifer, of the Deer family, found in the colder
parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having
long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines
palmate.
R. tarandus)
is domesticated in Lapland. The woodland reindeer or caribou
(R. caribou) is found in Canada and Maine (see
Caribou.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou (R.
Gr\'d2landicus), of smaller size, is found on the shores of
the Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries.
Reindeer moss (Bot.), a gray
branching lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) which forms
extensive patches on the ground in arctic and even in north
temperature regions. It is the principal food of the Lapland
reindeer in winter. -- Reindeer period
(Geol.), a name sometimes given to a part of the
Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central
Europe.
Re`in*duce" (r?`?n*d?s"), v. t.
To induce again.
Rei*nette" (r?*n?t"), n. [F.
See 1st Rennet.] (Bot.) A name
given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French
origin.
Re`in*fect" (r?`?n*f?kt), v. t.
[Pref. re- + infect: cf. F.
r\'82infecter.] To infect again.
Re`in*fec"tious (-f?k"sh?s),
a.Capable of reinfecting.
Re`in*force" (-f?rs"), v. t.
See Re\'89nforce, v. t.
Re`in*force", n. See
Re\'89nforce, n.
Re`in*force"ment (-ment),
n. See Re\'89nforcement.
Re`in*fund" (-f?nd"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + L. infundere to pour
in.] To flow in anew. [Obs.]
Swift.
Re`in*gra"ti*ate (-gr?"sh?*?t), v.
t. To ingratiate again or anew.
Sir. T. Herbert.
Re`in*hab"it (-h?b"?t), v. t.
To inhabit again.
Mede.
Rein"less (r?n"l?s), a. Not
having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or
restrained.
Reins (r?nz), n. pl. [F.
rein, pl. reins, fr. L. ren, pl.
renes.] 1. The kidneys; also, the
region of the kidneys; the loins.
2. The inward impulses; the affections and
passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their
seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are.
My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right
things.
Prov. xxiii. 16.
I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.
Rev. ii. 23.
Reins of a vault (Arch.), the parts
between the crown andd the spring or abutment, including, and
having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the
shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly what the
haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by thrusting
outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently filled
up.
Re`in*sert" (r?`?n*s?rt"), v. t.
To insert again.
Re`in*ser"tion (-s?r"sh?n), n.
The act of reinserting.
Re`in*spect" (-sp?kt"), v. t.
To inspect again.
Re`in*spec"tion (-sp?k"sh?n), n.
The act of reinspecting.
Re`in*spire" (-sp?r"), v. t. To
inspire anew.
Milton.
Re`in*spir"it (-sp`r"?t), v. t.
To give fresh spirit to.
Re`in*stall" (-st?l"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + install: cf. F.
r\'82installer.] To install again.
Milton.
Re`in*stall"ment (ment), n.
A renewed installment.
Re`in*state" (-st?t"), v. t. To
place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a
state from which one had been removed; to instate again; as,
to reinstate a king in the possession of the
kingdom.
For the just we have said already thet some of them were
reinstated in their pristine happiness and
felicity.
Glanvill.
Re`in*state"ment (-ment),
n. The act of reinstating; the state of being
reinstated; re/stablishment.
Re`in*sta"tion (-st?"sh?n), n.
Reinstatement. [R.]
Re`in*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t.
To instruct anew.
Re`in*sur"ance (-sh?r"ans),
n. 1. Insurance a second time or again;
renewed insurance.
2. A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly
or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody
else. See Reassurance.
Re`in*sure" (-sh?r"), v. t.
1. To insure again after a former insuranse has
ceased; to renew insurance on.
2. To insure, as life or property, in favor of one
who has taken an inssurance risk upon it.
The innsurer may cause the property insured to be
reinsured by other persons.
Walsh.
Re`in*sur"er (-sh?r"?r), n. One
who gives reinsurance.
Re*in"te*grate (r?*?n"t?*gr?t), v.
t. [Pref. re- + integrate. Cf.
Redintegrate.] To renew with regard to any
state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a
whole, as the parts off anything; to re/stablish; as, to
reintegrate a nation.
Bacon.
Re*in`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n.
A renewing, or making whole again. See
Redintegration.
Re`in*ter" (r?`?n*t?r"), v. t.
To inter again.
Re`in*ter"ro*gate (-t?r"r?*g?t), v.
t. To interrogate again; to question repeatedly.
Cotgrave.
Re`in*throne" (-thr?n"), v. t.
See Re\'89nthrone.
Re`in*thron"ize (-?z), v. t. To
enthrone again.[Obs.]
Re*in`tro*duce" (r?*?n`tr?*d?s"), v.
t. To introduce again. --
Re*in`tro*duc"tion (-d/k"sh/n),
n.
Re`in*vest" (r?`?n*v?st"), v. t.
To invest again or anew.
Re`in*ves"ti*gate (-v?s"t?*g?t), v.
t. To investigate again. --
Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion (-g/"sh/n),
n.
Re`in*vest"ment (-v?st"ment),
n. The act of investing anew; a second or
repeated investment.
Re`in*vig"or*ate (-v?g"?r*?t), v. t.
To invigorate anew.
Re`in*volve" (-v?lv"), v. t. To
involve anew.
\'d8Re`is (r?"?s , n.
[Pg., pl. of real, an ancient Portuguese
coin.] The word is used as a Portuguese designation of
money of account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to
eleven cents.
Reis (r?s), n. [Ar.
ra/s head, chief, prince.] A common title
in the East for a person in authority, especially the captain of
a ship. [Written also rais and
ras.]
\'d8Reis` Ef*fen"di (r?s` ?f*f?n"d?). [See
2d Reis, and Effendi.] A title
formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state. He
was chancellor of the empire, etc.
Reiss"ner's mem"brane (r?s"n?rz m?m"br?n).
[Named from E. Reissner, A German
anatomist.] (Anat.) The thin membrane which
separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in
the internal ear.
Re*is"su*a*ble (r?*?sh"?*?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reissued.
Re*is"sue (r?*?sh"?), v. t. & i.
To issue a second time.
Re*is"sue, n. A second or repeated
issue.
Reit (r?t), n. Sedge;
seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Rei"ter (r?"t?r), n. [G.,
rider.] A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries.
Re*it"er*aut (r?-?t"?r-ant),
a. [See Reiterate.]
Reiterating. [R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Re*it"er*ate (-, v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reiterated
(-; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reiterating.] [Pref. re- +
iterate: cf. F. r\'82it\'82rer, LL.
reiterare to question again.] To repeat
again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to
repeat.
That with reiterated crimes he might
Heap on himself damnation.
Milton.
You never spoke what did become you less
Than this; which to reiterate were sin.
Shak.
Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.
Re*it"er*ate (-?t), a.
Reiterated; repeated. [R.]
Re*it"er*a`ted*ly (-?`t?d-l?), adv.
Repeatedly.
Re*it`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82it\'82ration.] The act of
reiterating; that which is reiterated.
Re*it"er*a*tive (r?-?t"?r-?-t?v), n.
1. (Gram.) A word expressing repeated or
reiterated action.
2. A word formed from another, or used to form
another, by repetition; as, dillydally.
Reiv"er (r?v"?r), n. See
Reaver.
Ruskin.
Re*ject" (r?-j?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rejected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rejecting.] [L.
rejectus, p. p. of reicere,
rejicere; pref. re- re- + jacere
to throw: cf. F. rejeter, formerly also spelt
rejecter. See Jet a shooting forth.]
1. To cast from one; to throw away; to
discard.
Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the Utopians have
rejected to their butchers.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Reject me not from among thy children.
Wisdom ix. 4.
2. To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to
decline haughtily or harshly; to repudiate.
That golden scepter which thou didst reject.
Milton.
Because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also
reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me.
Hog. iv. 6.
3. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a
prayer or request.
Syn. -- To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse;
decline.
Re*ject"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected.
\'d8Re*jec`ta*men"ta (r?-j?k`t?-m?n"ta),
n.pl. [NL., fr. L. rejectare, v.
intens. fr. rejicere. See Reject.]
Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a
living organism.
J. Fleming.
Re`jec*ta"ne*ous (r?`j?k-t?"n?-?s),
a. [L. rejectaneus.] Not
chosen orr received; rejected. [Obs.]
\'bdProfane, rejectaneous, and reprobate people.\'b8
Barrow.
Re*ject"er (r?-j?kt"?r), n. One
who rejects.
Re*jec"tion (r?-j?k"sh?n), n.
[L. rejectio: cf. F.
r\'82jection.] Act of rejecting, or state
of being rejected.
Re`jec*ti"tious (r?`j?k-t?sh"?s), a.
Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable.
Cudworth.
Re*ject"ive (r?-j?kt"?v), a.
Rejecting, or tending to reject.
Re*ject"ment (-ment), n.
Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away.
Eaton.
Re*joice" (r?-jois"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rejoced
(-joist"); p. pr. & vb. n. Rejoicing
(-joi"s?ng).] [OE.rejoissen,
OF. resjouir, resjoir, F.
r\'82jouir; pref. re- re- + OF,
esjouir, esjoir, F. /jouirr,
to rejoice; pref. es- (L. ex-) + OF.
jouir, joir, F. jouir, from L.
gaudere to rejoice. See Joy.] To
feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have
pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. \'bdO,
rejoice beyond a common joy.\'b8
Shak.
I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy.
Ps. xxxi. 7.
Syn. To delight; joy; exult; triumph.
Re*joice", v. t. 1. To
enjoy. [Obs.]
Bp. Peacock.
2. To give joi to; to make joyful; to
gladden.
I me rejoysed of my liberty.
Chaucer.
While she, great saint, rejoices heaven.
Prior.
Were he [Cain] alive, it would rejoice his soul to
see what mischief it had made.
Arbuthnot.
Syn. -- To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight.
Re*joice", n. The act of
rejoicing.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*joice"ment (-ment), n.
Rejoicing. [Obs.]
Re*joi"cer (r?-joi"s?r), n. One
who rejoices.
Re*joi"cing (-s?ng), n. 1.
Joy; gladness; delight.
We should particularly express our rejoicing by
love and charity to our neighbors.
R. Nelson.
2. The expression of joy or gladness.
The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the
tabernacles of the righteous.
Ps. cxviii. 15.
3. That which causes to rejoice; occasion of
joy.
Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they
are the rejoicing of my heart.
Ps. cxix. 111.
Re*joi"cing*ly, adv. With joi or
exultation.
Re*join" (r?-join"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rejoined
(-joind"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rejoining.] [F. rejoindre;
pref. re- re- + joindre to join. See
Join, and cf. Rejoinder.] 1.
To join again; to unite after separation.
2. To come, or go, again into the presence of; to
join the company of again.
Meet and rejoin me, in the pensive grot.
Pope.
3. To state in reply; -- followed by an object
clause.
Re*join", v. i. 1. To answer to
a reply.
2. (Law) To answer, as the defendant to
the plaintiff's replication.
Re*join"der (-d?r), n. [From F.
rejoindre, inf., to join again. See
Rejoin.] 1. An answer to a reply;
or, in general, an answer or reply.
2. (Law) The defendant's answer to the
plaintiff's replication.
Syn. -- Reply; ansswer; replication. See
Reply.
Re*join"der, v. i. To make a
rejoinder. [Archaic]
Re*join"dure (-d?r), n. Act of
joining again. [Obs.] \'bdBeguiles our lips of all
rejoindure\'b8 (i.e., kisses).
Shak.
Re*joint" (r, v. t.
1. To reunite the joints of; to joint anew.
Barrow.
2. Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the
joints of, as stones in buildings when the mortar has been
dislodged by age and the action of the weather.
Gwilt.
<-- p. 1213 -->
Re*jolt" (r?-j?lt"), n. A
reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil.
[R.]
These inward rejolts and recoilings of the
mind.
South.
Re*jolt", v. t. To jolt or shake
again.
Locke.
Re*journ" (r?-j?rn"), v. t.
[Cf. F. r\'82ajourner. See
Adjourn.] To adjourn; to put off.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re*journ"ment (-ment), n.
Adjournment. [Obs.]
Re*judge" (r?-j?j"), v. t. To
judge again; to re/xamine; to review; to call to a new trial
and decision.
Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace.
Pope.
Re*ju"ve*nate (r?-j?"v?-n?t), v. t.
[Pref. re- re- + L. juventis young,
youthful.] To render young again.
Re*ju`ve*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
Rejuvenescence.
Re*ju`ve*nes"cence (-n?s"sens),
n. 1. A renewing of youth; the state of
being or growing young again.
2. (Bot.) A method of cell formation in
which the entire protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of
the cell wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen
sometimes in the formation of zo/spores, etc.
Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy (-sen-s?),
n. Rejuvenescence.
Re*ju`ve*nes"cent (-sent),
a. Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated;
rejuvenating.
Re*ju`ve*nize (r?-j?"v?-n?z), v. t.
To rejuvenate.
Re*kin"dle (r?-k?n"d'l), v. t. & i.
To kindle again.
Rek"ne (r?k"ne), v. t.
To reckon. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*lade" (r?-l?d"), v. t. To
lade or load again.
Re*lad" (r?-l?d), imp. & p. p.
of Relay.
\'d8Re*lais" (re-l?"), n.
[F. See Relay, n.]
(Fort.) A narrow space between the foot of the
rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to receive the earth
that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling
into the ditch.
Wilhelm.
Re*land" (r?-l?nd"), v. t. To
land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped or
embarked.
Re*land", v. i. To go on shore after
having embarked; to land again.
Re*lapse" (r?-l?ps"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Relapsed
(-l?pst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relapsing.] [L.relapsus, p.
p. of relabi to slip back, to relapse; pref.
re- re- + labi to fall, slip, slide. See
Lapse.] 1. To slip or slide back, in
a literal sense; to turn back. [Obs.]
Dryden.
2. To slide or turn back into a former state or
practice; to fall back from some condition attained; -- generally
in a bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended
condition; as, to relaps into a stupor, into vice,
or into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good sense; as, to
relapse into slumber after being disturbed.
That task performed, [preachers] relapse into
themselves.
Cowper.
3. (Theol.) To fall from Christian faith
into paganism, heresy, or unbelief; to backslide.
They enter into the justified state, and so continue all
along, unless they relapse.
Waterland.
Re*lapse", n. [For sense 2 cf. F.
relaps. See Relapse, v.]
1. A sliding or falling back, especially into a
former bad state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the
state of having fallen back.
Alas! from what high hope to what relapse
Unlooked for are we fallen!
Milton.
2. One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into
error; a backlider; specifically, one who, after recanting error,
returns to it again. [Obs.]
Re*laps"er (-l?ps"?r), n. One
who relapses.
Bp. Hall.
Re*laps"ing, a. Marked by a relapse;
falling back; tending to return to a former worse state.
Relapsing fever (Med.), an acute,
epidemic, contagious fever, which prevails also endemically in
Ireland, Russia, and some other regions. It is marked by one or
two remissions of the fever, by articular and muscular pains, and
by the presence, during the paroxism of spiral bacterium
(Spiroch\'91te) in the blood. It is not usually fatal.
Called also famine fever, and
recurring fever.
Re*late" (r?-l?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Related; p. pr.
& vb. n. Relating.] [F.
relater to recount, LL. relatare, fr. L.
relatus, used as p. p. of referre. See
Elate, and cf. Refer.] 1.
To bring back; to restore. [Obs.]
Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again
Both light of heaven and strength of men relate.
Spenser.
2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source.
[Obs. or R.]
3. To recount; to narrate; to tell over.
This heavy act with heavy heart relate.
Shak.
4. To ally by connection or kindred.
To relate one's self, to vent thoughts in
words. [R.]
Syn. -- To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report;
detail; describe.
Re*late", v. i. 1. To stand in
some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; to refer;
-- with to.
All negative or privative words relate positive
ideas.
Locke.
2. To make reference; to take account.
[R.& Obs.]
Reckoning by the years of their own consecration without
relating to any imperial account.
Fuller.
Re*lat"ed (-l?t"?d), p. p. & a.
1. Allied by kindred; connected by blood or
alliance, particularly by consanguinity; as, persons
related in the first or second degree.
2. Standing in relation or connection; as, the
electric and magnetic forcec are closely
related.
3. Narrated; told.
4. (Mus.) Same as Relative,
4.
Re*lat"ed*ness, n. The state or
condition of being related; relationship; affinity.
[R.]
Emerson.
Re*lat"er (-?r), n. One who
relates or narrates.
Re*la"tion (r?-l?"sh?n), n. [F.
relation, L. relatio. See
Relate.] 1. The act of relating or
telling; also, that which is related; recital; account;
narration; narrative; as, the relation of historical
events.
//////oet's relation doth well figure
them.
Bacon.
2. The state of being related or of referring; what
is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by
considering it in its bearing upon something else; relative
quality or condition; the being such and such with regard or
respect to some other thing; connection; as, the
relation of experience to knowledge; the
relation of master to servant.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between
two or more things, or any comparison which is made by the mind,
is a relation.
I. Taylor.
3. Reference; respect; regard.
I have been importuned to make some observations on this art
in relation to its agreement with poetry.
Dryden.
4. Connection by consanguinity or affinity;
kinship; relationship; as, the relation of parents
and children.
Relations dear, and all the charities
Of father, son, and brother, first were known.
Milton.
5. A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity;
a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman.
For me . . . my relation does not care a rush.
Ld. Lytton.
6. (Law) (a) The carrying back,
and giving effect or operation to, an act or proceeding frrom
some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as if it had
happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is said to
take effect by relation. (b) The
act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun.
Wharton. Burrill.
Syn. -- Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative;
tale; detail; description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity;
affinity; kinsman; kinswoman.
Re*la"tion*al (r?-l?"sh?n-al),
a. 1. Having relation or kindred;
related.
We might be tempted to take these two nations for
relational stems.
Tooke.
2. Indicating or specifying some relation.
Relational words, as prepositions, auxiliaries,
etc.
R. Morris.
Re*la"tion*ist, n. A relative; a
relation. [Obs.]
Re*la"tion*ship, n. The state of being
related by kindred, affinity, or other alliance.
Mason.
Rel"a*tive (r?l"?-t?v), a. [F.
relatif, L. relativus. See
Relate.] 1. Having relation or
reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection;
pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the
subject.
I'll have grounds
More relative than this.
Shak.
2. Arising from relation; resulting from connection
with, or reference to, something else; not absolute.
Every thing sustains both an absolute and a
relative capacity: an absolute, as it is such a thing,
endued with such a nature; and a relative, as it is a
part of the universe, and so stands in such a relations to the
whole.
South.
3. (Gram.) Indicating or expressing
relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative
pronoun.
4. (Mus.) Characterizing or pertaining
to chords and keys, which, by reason of the identify of some of
their tones, admit of a natural transition from one to the
other.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Relative clause (Gram.), a clause
introduced by a relative pronoun. -- Relative
term, a term which implies relation to, as guardian to
ward, matter to servant, husband to wife. Cf.
Correlative.
Rel"a*tive, n. One who, or that which,
relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else;
a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two
objects directly connected by any relation. Specifically:
(a) A person connected by blood or affinity;
strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or
kinswoman. \'bdConfining our care . . . to ourselves and
relatives.\'b8 Bp. Fell. (b)
(Gram.) A relative prnoun; a word which relates
to, or represents, another word or phrase, called its
antecedent; as, the relatives \'bd who\'b8,
\'bdwhich\'b8, \'bdthat\'b8.
Rel"a*tive*ly, adv. In a relative
manner; in relation or respect to something else; not
absolutely.
Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in
itself, before you consider it relatively.
I. Watts.
Rel"a*tive*ness, n The state of being
relative, or having relation; relativity.
Rel`a*tiv"i*ty (-t?v"?-t?), n.
The state of being relative; as, the relativity
of a subject.
Coleridge.
Re*lat"or (r?-l?t"?r), n. [ L.:
cf. F. relateur. See Relate.]
1. One who relates; a relater. \'bdThe
several relators of this history.\'b8
Fuller.
2. (Law) A private person at whose
relation, or in whose behalf, the attorney-general allows an
information in the nature of a quo warranto to be
filed.
Re*lat"rix (-r?ks), n.
[L.] (Law) A female relator.
Re*lax" (r?-l?ks"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relaxed
(-l?kst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relaxing.] [L. relaxare;
pref. re- re- + laxare to loose, to
slacken, from laxus loose. See Lax, and cf.
Relay, n., Release.]
1. To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm,
rigid, tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open;
as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax the
muscles or sinews.
Horror . . . all his joints relaxed.
Milton.
Nor served it to relax their serried files.
Milton.
2. To make less severe or rogorous; to abate the
stringency of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, esrnestness,
or effort; as, to relax discipline; to
relax one's attention or endeavors.
The stature of mortmain was at several times
relaxed by the legilature.
Swift.
3. Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to
ease; to recreate; to divert; as, amusement relaxes
the mind.
4. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to
open; as, an aperient relaxes the bowels.
Syn. -- To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate;
ease; unbend; divert.
Re*lax", v. i. 1. To become
lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp
relax.
His knees relax with toil.
Pope.
2. To abate in severity; to become less
rigorous.
In others she relaxed again,
And governed with a looser rein.
Prior.
3. To remit attention or effort; to become less
diligent; to unbend; as, to relax in
study.
Re*lax", n. Relaxation.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
Re**lax", a. Relaxed; lax; hence,
remiss; careless.
Re*lax"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relaxed.
Re*lax"ant (r?-l?ks"ant),
n. [L. relaxans, p. pr. of
relaxare.] (Med.) A medicine
that relaxes; a laxative.
Re`lax*a"tion (r?`l?ks-?"sh?n;277),
n. [L. relaxatio; cf. F.
relaxation.] 1. The act or process
of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; as,
relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a
law.
2. Remission from attention and effort; indulgence
in recreation, diversion, or amusement. \'bdHours of
careless relaxation.\'b8
Macaulay.
Re*lax"a*tive (r?-l?ks"?-t?v), a.
Having the quality of relaxing; laxative. --
n. A relaxant.
B. Jonson.
Re*lay" (r?-l?"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relaid
(-l?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relaying.] [Pref re- + lay,
v.] To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to
relay a pavement.
Re*lay" (r?-l?"), n. [F.
relais (cf. OF. relais relaxation,
discontinuance, It. rilascio release, relief,
rilasso relay), fr. OF. relaissier to
abandon, release, fr. L. relaxare. See
Relax.] 1. A supply of anything
arranged beforehand for affording relief from time to time, or at
successive stages; provision for successive relief. Specifically:
(a) A supply of horses placced at stations to be in
readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed
without delay. (b) A supply of hunting dogs or horses
kept in readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or
horses, and to continnue the pursuit of the game if it comes that
way. (c) A number of men who relieve others in carrying
on some work.
2. (Elec.) In various forms of
telegrapfhic apparatus, a megnet which receives the circuit
current, and is caused by it to bring into into action the power
of a local battery for performing the work of making the record;
also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit is
made to open or close another circuit in which a current is
passing.
Relay battery (Elec.), the local
battery which is brought into use by the action of the relay
magnet, or relay.
Rel"bun (r?l"b?n), n. The roots
of the Chilian plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, -- used
for dyeing crimson.
Re*leas"a*ble (r?-l?s"?-b'l), a.
That may be released.
Re*lease" (r?-l?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re + lease to let.] To lease
again; to grant a new lease of; to let back.
Re*lease" (r?-l?s"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Released
(r?*l?st"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Releasing.] [OE. relessen,
OF. relassier, to release, to let free. See
Relay, n., Relax, and cf.
Release to lease again.] 1. To let
loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or
servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let
go.
Now at that feast he released unto them one
prisoner, whomsoever they desired.
Mark xv. 6.
2. To relieve from something that confines,
burdens, or oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation,
penalty.
3. (Law) To let go, as a legal claim; to
discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by
conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession,
as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant
in possession; to quit.
4. To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation
of; as, to release an ordinance.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
A sacred vow that none should aye /////
Spenser.
Syn. -- To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage;
extracate; let go; quit; acquit.
Re*lease", n. 1. The act of
letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let loose or
freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as
from confinement or bondage. \'bdWho boast'st
release from hell.\'b8
Milton.
2. Relief from care, pain, or any burden.
3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as
from debt, penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance.
4. (Law) A giving up or relinquishment
of some right or claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or
tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a
quitclaim.
Blackstone.
5. (Steam Engine) The act of opening the
exhaust port to allow the steam to escape.
Lease and release. (Law) See under
Lease. -- Out of release, without
cessation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Syn. -- Liberation; freedom; discharge. See
Death.
Re*leas`ee" (-?"), n. One to
whom a release is given.
Re*lease"ment (r?-l?s"ment),
n. The act of releasing, as from confinement or
obligation.
Milton.
Re*leas"er (-?r), n. One who
releases, or sets free.
Re*leas"or (-?r), n. One by
whom a release is given.
Rel"e*gate (r?l"?-g?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relegated
(-g?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relegating.] [L. relegatus,
p. p. of relegare; pref. re- re- +
legare to send with a commission or charge. See
Legate.] To remove, usually to an inferior
position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, to send into
exile; to banish.
It [the Latin language] was relegated into the
study of the scholar.
Milman.
Rel`e*ga"tion (-g?"sh?n), n.
[L. relegatio: cf. F.
rel/gation.] The act of relegating, or
the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; exile.
Re*lent" (r?-l?nt"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Relented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Relenting.] [F.
ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
ad to + lentus pliant, flexible, slow. See
Lithe.] 1. To become less rigid or
hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce.
[Obs.]
He stirred the coals till relente gan
The wax again the fire.
Chaucer.
[Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin to
relent.
Boyle.
When opening buds salute the welcome day,
And earth, relenting, feels the genial ray.
Pope.
2. To become less severe or intense; to become less
hard, harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become
more mild and tender; to feel compassion.
Can you . . . behold
My sighs and tears, and will not once relent?
Shak.
Re*lent", v. t. 1. To slacken;
to abate. [Obs.]
And oftentimes he would relent his pace.
Spenser.
2. To soften; to dissolve.
[Obs.]
3. To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or
severe. [Obs.]
<-- p. 1214 -->
Re*lent" (r?-l?nt"), n. Stay;
stop; delay. [Obs.]
Nor rested till she came without relent
Unto the land of Amazona.
Spenser.
Re*lent"less, a. Unmoved by appeals for
sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others;
destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying;
as, a prey to relentless despotism.
For this the avenging power employs his darts,..
Thus will persist, relentless in his ire.
Dryden.
-- Re*lent"less*ly, adv. --
Re*lent"less*ness, n.
Re*lent"ment (-ment), n.
The act or process of retenting; the state of having
relented.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*lesse" (r?-l?s"), v. t. To
release. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re`les*see" (r?`l?s-s?"), n.
See Releasee.
Re`les*sor" (-s?r"), n. See
Releasor.
Re-let" (r?-l?t"), v. t. To let
anew, as a hous.
{ Rel"e*vance (r?l"?*vans),
Rel"e*van*cy (-van*s?), }
n. 1. The quality or state of being
relevant; pertinency; applicability.
Its answer little meaning, little relevancy
bore.
Poe.
2. (Scots Law) Sufficiency to infer the
conclusion.
Rel"e*vant (-vant), a.
[F. relevant, p. pr. of relever to
raise again, to relieve. See Relieve.] 1.
Relieving; lending aid or support. [R.]
Pownall.
2. Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case
in hand; pertinent; applicable.
Close and relevant arguments have very little hold
on the passions.
Sydney Smith.
3. (SScots Law) Sufficient to support
the cause.
Rel"e*vant*ly, adv. In a relevant
manner.
Rel`e*va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n.
[L. relevatio, fr. relevare. See
Relieve.] A raising or lifting up.
[Obs.]
Re*li`a*bil"i*ty (r?-l?`?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The state or quality of being reliable;
reliableness.
Re*li"a*ble (r?-l?"?-b'l), a.
Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or
reliance; trustworthy. \'bdA reliable witness to
the truth of the miracles.\'b8
A. Norton.
The best means, and most reliable pledge, of a
higher object.
Coleridge.
According to General Livingston's humorous account, his own
village of Elizabethtown was not much more reliable,
being peopled in those agitated times by \'bdunknown,
unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking Tories, and very knavish
Whigs.\'b8
W. Irving.
to be
relied upon, and a useful synonym for
trustworthy, which is by preference applied to
persons, as reliable is to things, such as an account,
statement, or the like. The objection that adjectives derived
from neuter verbs do not admit of a passive sense is met by the
citation of laughable, worthy of being laughed
at, from the neuter verb to laugh;
available, fit or able to be availed of,
from the neuter verb to avail; dispensable,
capable of being dispensed with, from the neuter verb
to dispense. Other examples might be added.
-- Re*li"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*li"a*bly, adv.
Re*li"ance (-ans), n.
[From Rely.] 1. The act of
relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant;
dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed
sufficient support or authority.
In reliance on promises which proved to be of very
little value.
Macaulay.
2. Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of
trust; as, the boat was a poor reliance.
Richardson.
Re*li"ant (-ant), a.
Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident;
trusting.
Rel"ic (r?l"?k), n. [F.
relique, from L. reliquiae, pl., akin to
relinquere to leave behind. See
Relinquish.] [Formerly written also
relique.] 1. That which remains;
that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion; a
remnant.
Chaucer. Wyclif.
The relics of lost innocence.
Kebe.
The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy
relics.
Shak.
2. The body from which the soul has departed; a
corpse; especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a
deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when referring
to the whole body.
There are very few treasuries of relics in Italy
that have not a tooth or a bone of this saint.
Addison.
Thy relics, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust,
And sacred place by Dryden's awful dust.
Pope.
3. Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in
remembrance; as, relics of youthful days or
friendships.
The pearis were split;
Some lost, some stolen, some as relics kept.
Tennyson.
Rel"ic*ly, adv. In the manner of
relics. [Obs.]
Rel"ict (-?kt), n. [L.
relicta, fr. of relictus, p. p. of
relinquere to leave behind. See
Relinquish.] A woman whose husband is dead; a
widow.
Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obbliged by law to marry
his relict, and so to raise up seed to his brother
Eli.
South.
Re*lict"ed (r?-l?kt"?d), a. [L.
relictus, p. p.] (Law) Left
uncovered, as land by recession of water.
Bouvier.
Re*lic"tion (r?-l?k"sh?n), n.
[L. relictio a leaving behind.]
(Law) A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or
other water, leaving dry land; land left uncovered by such
recession.
Burrill.
Re*lief" (r?-l?f"), n. [OE.
relef, F. relief, properly, a lifting up, a
standing out. See Relieve, and cf. Basrelief,
Rilievi.] 1. The act of relieving,
or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal,
of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which
some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease;
redress.
He seec the dire contagion spread so fast,
That, where it seizes, all relief is vain.
Dryden.
2. Release from a post, or from the performance of
duty, by the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay;
as, a relief of a sentry.
For this relief much thanks; ;tis bitter cold.
Shak.
3. That which removes or lessenc evil, pain,
discomfort, uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or
comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of duty
by taking the place of another; a relay.
4. (Feudal Law) A fine or composition
which the heir of a deceased tenant paid to the lord for the
privilege of taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal
principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the
tenant.
5. (Sculp. & Arch.) The projection of a
figure above the ground or plane on wwhich it is formed.
Relief is of three kinds, namely,
high relief (altorilievo),
low relief, (basso-rilievo), and
demirelief (mezzo-rilievo). See
these terms in the Vocabulary.
6. (Paint.) The appearance of projection
given by shading, shadow, etc., to any figure.
7. (Fort.) The height to which works are
raised above the bottom of the ditch.
Wilhelm.
8. (Physical Geog.) The elevations and
surface undulations of a country.
Guyot.
Relief valve, a valve arranged for relieving
pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; an escape valve.
Syn. -- Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor;
assistance; remedy; redress; indemnification.
Re*lief"ful (r?-l?f"f?l), a.
Giving relief. [Obs.]
Re*lief"less, a. Destitute of relief;
also, remediless.
Re*li"er (r?-l?"?r), n. [From
Rely.] One who relies.
Re*liev"a*ble (r?-l?v"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*lieve" (r?-l?v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relieved
(-l?vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relieving.] [OE. releven, F.
relever to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L.
relevare to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref.
re- re- + levare to raise, fr.
levis light. See Levity, and cf.
Relevant, Relief.] 1. To
lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to
rise. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to
give prominence or conspicuousness to; to /et off by
contrast.
Her tall figure relieved against the blue sky;
seemed almost of supernatural height.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To raise up something in; to introduce a
contrast or variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness
of.
The poet must . . . sometimes relieve the subject
with a moral reflection.
Addison.
4. To raise or remove, as anything which depresses,
weighs down, or cruches; to render less burdensome or afflicting;
to allevate; to-abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to
relieve pain; to relieve the wants of the
poor.
5. To free, wholly or partly, from any burden,
trial, evil, distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or
consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to support,
strengthen, or deliver; as, to relieve a besieged
town.
Now lend assistance and relieve the poor.
Dryden.
6. To release from a post, station, or duty; to put
another in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of
any burden, or discharge of any duty.
Who hath relieved you?
Shak.
7. To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or
oppression, by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the
removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the
like; to right.
Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help;
support; substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish; remove;
free; remedy; redress; indemnify.
Re*liev"ment (-ment), n.
The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved;
relief; release. [Archaic.]
Re*liev"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, relieves.
Re*liev"ing, a. Serving or tending to
relieve.
Relieving arch (Arch.), a
discharging arch. See under Discharge, v.
t. -- Relieving tackle. (Naut.)
(a) A temporary tackle attached to the tiller of a
vessel during gales or an action, in case of accident to the
tiller ropes. (b) A strong tackle from a wharf
to a careened vessel, to prevent her from going over entirely,
and to assist in righting her.
Totten. Craig.
Re*lie"vo (r?-l?"v?), n. [It.
rilievo.] See Relief,
n., 5.
Re*light" (r?-l?t"), v. t. To
light or kindle anew.
{ \'d8Re*li`gi`euse"
(re-l?`zh?`?z"), n. f.
\'d8Re*li`gi`eux" (re-l?`zh?`?"),
n. m. }[F.] A person bound by
monastic vows; a nun; a monk.
Re*li"gion (r?-l?j"?n), n. [F.,
from L. religio; cf. religens pious,
revering the gods, Gr. //// to head, have a care. Cf.
Neglect.] 1. The outward act or form
by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a god
or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom obedience,
service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of human
love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power,
whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and
ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and
worship; a manifestation of piety; as, ethical
religions; monotheistic religions; natural
religion; revealed religion; the
religion of the Jews; the religion of idol
worshipers.
An orderly life so far as others are able to observe us is now
and then produced by prudential motives or by dint of habit; but
without seriousness there can be no religious principle at the
bottom, no course of conduct from religious motives; in a word,
there can be no religion.
Paley.
Religion [was] not, as too often now, used as
equivalent for godliness; but . . . it expressed the outer form
and embodiment which the inward spirit of a true or a false
devotion assumed.
Trench.
Religions, by which are meant the modes of sdivine worship
proper to different tribes, nations, or communities, and based on
the belief held in common by the members of them severally . . .
There is no living religion without something like a
doctrine. On the other hand, a doctrine, however elaborate, does
not constitute a religion.
C. P. Tiele (Encyc. Brit. ).
Religion . . . means the conscious relation between
man and God, and the expression of that relation in human
conduct.
J. K\'94stlin (Schaff-Herzog Encyc. )
After the most straitest sect of our religion I
lived a Pharisce.
Acts xxvi. 5.
The image of a brute, adorned
With gay religions full of pomp and gold.
Milton.
2. Specifically, conformity in faith and life to
the precepts inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of
life and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and
practice.
Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can
be maintained without religion.
Washington.
Religion will attend you . . . as pleasant and
useful companion in every proper place, and every temperate
occupation of life.
Buckminster.
3. (R.C.CH.) A monastic or religious
order subject to a regulated mode of life; the religious state;
as, to enter religion.
Trench.
A good man was there of religion.
Chaucer.
4. Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any
practice, as if it were an enjoined rule of conduct.
[R.]
Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might perhaps
be material, but at this time are become only mere styles and
forms, are still continued with much religion.
Sir M. Hale.
Religion, as distinguished from
theology, is subjective, designating the feelings and
acts of men which relate to God; while theology is
objective, and denotes those ideas which man entertains
respecting the God whom he worships, especially his systematized
views of God. As distinguished from morality,
religion denotes the influences and motives to human
duty which are found in the character and will of God, while
morality describes the duties to man, to which true
religion always influences. As distinguished from
piety, religion is a high sense of moral
obligation and spirit of reverence or worship which affect the
heart of man with respect to the Deity, while piety,
which first expressed the feelings of a child toward a parent, is
used for that filial sentiment of veneration and love which we
owe to the Father of all. As distinguished from
sanciti, religion is the means by which
sanctity is achieved, sanctity denoting
primarily that purity of heart and life which results from
habitual communion with God, and a sense of his continual
presence.
Natural religion, a religion based upon the
evidences of a God and his qualities, which is supplied by
natural phenomena. See Natural theology, under
Natural. -- Religion of humanity, a
name sometimes given to a religion founded upon positivism as a
philosophical basis. -- Revealed religion,
that which is based upon direct communication of God's will
to mankind; especially, the Christian religion, based on the
revelations recorded in the Old and New Testaments.
Re*li"gion*a*ry (r?-l?j"?n-?-r?), a.
Relating to religion; pious; as, religionary
professions. [Obs.]
{ Re*li"gion*a*ry, Re*li"gion*er
(-?r), } n. A religionist.
[R.]
Re*li"gion*ism (-?z'm), n.
1. The practice of, or devotion to, religion.
2. Affectation or pretense of religion.
Re*li"gion*ist, n. One earnestly devoted
or attached to a religion; a religious zealot.
The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the Puritan
religionists.
Palfrey.
It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other heterodo/
religionists, was to be scourged out of the town.
Hawthorne.
Re*li"gion*ize (-?z), v. t. To
bring under the influence of religion. [R.]
Mallock.
Re*li"gion*less, a. Destitute of
religion.
Re*lig`i*os"i*ty (-l?j`?-?s"?-t?),
n. [L. religiositas: cf. F.
religiosit/.] The quality of being
religious; religious feeling or sentiment; religiousness.
[R.]
M. Arnold.
Re*li"gious (r?-l?j"?s), a.
[OF. religius, religious, F.
religieux, from L. religiosus. See
Religion.] 1. Of or pertaining to
religion; concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth,
religion; set apart to religion; as, a religious
society; a religious sect; a religious place;
religious subjects, books, teachers, houses,
wars.
Our law forbids at their religious rites
My presence.
Milton.
2. Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious;
godly; as, a religious man, life, behavior,
etc.
Men whose lives
Religious titled them the sons of God.
Mlton
3. Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict.
Thus, Indianlike,
Religious in my error, I adore
The sun, that looks upon his worshiper.
Shak.
4. Belonging to a religious order; bound by
vows.
One of them is religious.
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional;
conscientious; strict; rogod; exact.
Re*li"gious, n. A person bound by
monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concern, and devoted
to a life of piety and religion; a monk or friar; a nun.
Addison.
Re*li"gious*ly, adv. In a religious
manner.
Drayton.
Re*li"gious*ness, n. The quality of
being religious.
Rel"ik (r?l"?k), n.
Relic. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*lin"quent (r?-l?n"kwent),
a. [L. relinquens, p. pr. of
relinqquere. See Relinquish.]
Relinquishing. [R.]
Re*lin"quent, n. One who
relinquishes. [R.]
Re*lin"quish (-kw?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relinquished
(-kw?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relinquishing.] [OF.
relinquir, L. relinquere to leave behind;
pref. re- re + linquere to leave. See
Loan, and cf. Relic, Relict.]
1. To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist
from; to abandon; to quit; as, to relinquish a
pursuit.
We ought to relinquish such rites.
Hooker.
They placed Irish tenants upon the lands
relinquished by the English.
Sir J. Davies.
2. To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign;
as, to relinquish a debt.
Syn. -- To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert;
renounce; forb/ar; forego. See Resign.
Re*lin"quish*er (-r?r), n. One
who relinquishes.
Re*lin"quish*ment (-ment),
n. The act of relinquishing.
Rel"i*qua*ry (r?l"?-kw?-r?), n.;
pl. -ries (-r.
[LL.reliquiarium, reliquiare: cf. F.
reliquaire. See Relic.] A
depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are
kept.
Re*lique" (r?-l?k"), n.
[F.] See Relic.
Chaucer.
\'d8Re*liq"ui*\'91/ (r?-l?k"w?-?),
n.pl. [L. See Relic.]
1. Remains of the dead; organic remains;
relics.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Induvi\'91.
<-- p. 1215 -->
Re*liq"ui*an (r?-l?k"w?-an),
a. Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the
nature of a relic. [R.]
Re*liq"ui*date (r?-l?k"w?-d?t), v.
t. To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.
Re*liq`ui*da"tion (-d\'b5"sh?n), n.
A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment.
A. Hamilton.
Rel"ish (r?l"?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relished
(-/sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relishing.] [Of. relechier
to lick or taste anew; pref. re- re-+
lechier to lick, F. l/cher. See
Lecher, Lick.] 1. To taste
or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with
gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified
by; to experience pleasure from; as, to relish
food.
Now I begin to relish thy advice.
Shak.
He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish
the honors which he enjoys.
Atterbury.
2. To give a relish to; to cause to taste
agreeably.
A savory bit that served to relish wine.
Dryden.
Rel"ish, v. i. To have a pleasing or
appetizing taste; to give gratification; to have a flavor.
Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have
relished among my other discredits.
Shak.
A theory, which, how much soever it may relish of
wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature.
Woodward.
Rel"ish, n. 1. A pleasing
taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence, enjoyable
quality; power of pleasing.
Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained
From this delightful fruit, nor known till now
True relish, tasting.
Milton.
When liberty is gone,
Life grows insipid, and has lost its relish.
Addison.
2. Savor; quality; characteristic tinge.
It preserve some relish of old writing.
Pope.
3. A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness.
A relish for whatever was excelent in arts.
Macaulay.
I have a relish for moderate praise, because it
bids fair to be j/dicious.
Cowper.
4. That which is used to impart a flavor;
specifically, something taken with food to render it more
palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a condiment.
Syn. -- Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking;
delight.
Rel"ish, n. (Carp.) The
projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon, on a
tenoned piece.
Knight.
Rel"ish*a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste;
gratifying.
Re*live" (r?-l?v"), v. i. To
live again; to revive.
Re*live", v. t. To recall to life; to
revive. [Obs.]
Re*load" (r?-l?d"), v. t. To
load again, as a gun.
Re*loan" (r?-l?n"), n. A second
lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan.
Re*lo"cate (r?-l?"k?t), v. t.
To locate again.
Re`lo*ca"tion (r?`l\'b5-k?"sh?n), n.
1. A second location.
2. (Roman & Scots Law) Renewal of a
lease.
Re*lodge" (r?-l?j"), v. t. To
lodge again.
Re*love" (-l?v"), v. t. To love
in return. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*lu"cent (r?-l?"sent), a.
[L. relucens, p. pr. relucere. See
Lucent.] Reflecting light; shining;
glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; splendid.
Gorgeous banners to the sun expand
Their streaming volumes of relucent gold.
Glover.
Re*luct" (r?-l?kt"), v. i. [L.
reluctari, p. p. reluctatus, to struggle;
pref. re- re- + luctari to struggle, fr.
lucia a wresting.] To strive or struggle
against anything; to make resistance; to draw back; to feel or
show repugnance or reluctance.
Apt to reluct at the excesses of it [passion].
Walton.
{ Re*luc"tance (r?-l?k"tans),
Re*luc"tan*cy (-tan-s?), }
n. [See Reluctant.] The state
or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion of mind;
unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by
to and a noun, formerly sometimes by
against. \'bdTempering the severity of his looks
with a reluctance to the action.\'b8
Dryden.
He had some reluctance to obey the summons.
Sir W. Scott.
Bear witness, Heaven, with what reluctancy
Her helpless innocence I doom to die.
Dryden.
Syn. See Dislike.
Re*luc"tant (-tant), a.
[L. reluctans, -antis, p. pr. of
reluctari. See Reluct.] 1.
Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined;
loth.
Reluctant, but in vain.
Milton.
Reluctant now I touched the trembling string.
Tickell.
2. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with
reluctance; as, reluctant obedience.
Mitford.
Syn. -- Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant;
backward; coy. See Averse.
Re*luc"tant*ly, adv. In a reluctant
manner.
Re*luc"tate (-t?t), v. i. [See
Reluct.] To struggle against anything; to
resist; to oppose. [Obs.] \'bdTo delude their
reluctating consciences.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Rel`uc*ta"tion (r?l`?k-t?"sh?n), n.
Repugnance; resistance; reluctance.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Re*lume" (r?-l?m"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relumed
(-l?md"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reluming.] [OF. relumer (cf.
F. rallumer), L. reluminare; pref.
re- re- + luminare to light. Cf.
Reillume.] To rekindle; to light again.
Relumed her ancient light, not kindled new.
Pope.
I know not where is that Promethean heat
That can thy light relume.
Shak.
Re*lu"mine (r?-l?"m?n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relumined
(-m?nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relumining.] [See
Relume.] 1. To light anew; to
rekindle.
Shak.
2. To illuminate again.
Re*ly" (r?-l?"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Relied
(-l?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relying.] [Pref. re- + lie
to rest.] To rest with confidence, as when fully
satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or
of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to
trust; to depend; -- with on, formerly also with
in.
Go in thy native innocence; rely
On what thou hast of virtue.
Milton.
On some fond breast the parting soul relies.
Gray.
Syn. -- To trust; depend; confide; repose.
Re*made" (r?-m?d"), imp. & p.
p. of Remake.
Re*main" (r?-m?n"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Remained
(-m?nd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remaining.] [OF. remaindre,
remanoir, L. remanere; pref.
re- re- + manere to stay, remain. See
Mansion, and cf. Remainder,
Remnant.]
1. To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left
after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a
number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as
not included or comprised.
Gather up the fragments that remain.
John vi. 12.
Of whom the greater part remain unto this present,
but some are fallen asleep.
1 Cor. xv. 6.
That . . . remains to be proved.
Locke.
2. To continue unchanged in place, form, or
condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to
endure; to last.
Remain a widow at thy father's house.
Gen. xxxviii. 11.
Childless thou art; childless remain.
Milton.
Syn. -- To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn;
dwell; abide; last; endure.
Re*main", v. t. To await; to be left
to. [Archaic]
The easier conquest now remains thee.
Milton.
Re*main"m n. 1. State of
remaining; stay. [Obs.]
Which often, since my here remain in England,
I 've seen him do.
Shak.
2. That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly
in the plural. \'bdThe remains of old Rome.\'b8
Addison.
When this remain of horror has entirely
subsided.
Burke.
3. Specif., in the plural: (a) That which
is left of a human being after the life is gone; relics; a dead
body.
Old warriors whose adored remains
In weeping vaults her hallowed earth contains!
Pope.
(b) The posthumous works or productions, esp.
literary works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's
Remains.
Re*main"der (r?-m?n"d?r), n.
[OF. remaindre, inf. See Remain.]
1. Anything that remains, or is left, after the
separation and removal of a part; residue; remnant. \'bdThe
last remainders of unhappy Troy.\'b8
Dryden.
If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off
clear, the remainder yields no salt.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Math.) The quantity or sum that is
left after subtraction, or after any deduction.
3. (Law) An estate in expectancy,
generally in land, which becomes an estate in possession upon the
determination of a particular prior estate, created at the same
time, and by the same instrument; for example, if land be
conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest
is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a
remainder, or estate in remainder.
Syn. -- Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.
Re*main"der, a. Remaining; left; left
over; refuse.
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage.
Shak.
Re*main"der-man (- m, n.;
pl. Remainder-men (-m.
(Law) One who has an estate after a particular
estate is determined. See Remainder, n.,
3.
Blackstone.
Re*make" (r?-m?k"), v. t. To
make anew.
Re*mand" (r?-m?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remanded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Remanding.] [F.
remander to send word again, L. remandare;
pref. re- re- + mandare to commit, order,
send word. See Mandate.] To recommit; to send
back.
Remand it to its former place.
South.
Then were they remanded to the cage again.
Bunyan.
Re*mand", n. The act of remanding; the
order for recommitment.
Re*mand"ment (-ment), n.
A remand.
{ Rem"a*nence (r?m"?*nens)
Rem"a*nen*cy (-nen*s?), }
n. [Cf. OF. remanence, LL.
remanentia, fr. L. remanens. See
Remanent, a.] The state of being
remanent; continuance; permanence. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
The remanence of the will in the fallen spirit.
Coleridge.
Rem"a*nent (-nent), n.
[See Remanent, a.] That which
remains; a remnant; a residue.
Rem"a*nent, a. [L. remanens,
p. pr. of remanere. See Remain, and cf.
Remnant.] Remaining; residual.
That little hope that is remanent hath its degree
according to the infancy or growth of the habit.
Jer. Taylor.
Remanent magnetism (Physics),
magnetism which remains in a body that has little coercive
force after the magnetizing force is withdrawn, as soft iron; --
called also residual magnetism.
\'d8Rem"a*net (-n?t), n. [L.,
it remains.] (Legal Practice) A case for
trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed
case. [Eng.]
Re-mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + mark.] To mark
again, or a second time; to mark anew.
Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remarked
(-m?rkt"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remarking.] [F. remarquer;
pref. re- re- + marquer to mark,
marque a mark, of German origin, akin to E.
mark. See Mark, v.&
n.] 1. To mark in a notable
manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or
conspicuous; to piont out. [Obs.]
Thou art a man remarked to taste a mischief.
Ford.
His manacles remark him; there he sits.
Milton.
2. To take notice of, or to observe, mentally;
as, to remark the manner of a speaker.
3. To express in words or writing, as observed or
noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause;
as, he remarked that it was time to go.
Syn. -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say.
-- Remark, Observe, Notice. To
observe is to keep or hold a thing distinctly before
the mind. To remark is simply to mark or take note of
whatever may come up. To notice implies still less
continuity of attention. When we turn from these mental states to
the expression of them in language, we find the same
distinction. An observation is properly the result of
somewhat prolonged thought; a remark is usually
suggested by some passing occurence; a notice is in
most cases something cursory and short. This distinction is not
always maintained as to remark and observe,
which are often used interchangeably. \'bdObserving
men may form many judgments by the rules of similitude and
proportion.\'b8 I. Watts. \'b8He can not distinguish
difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar
remarks.\'b8 Collier. \'b8The thing to be
regarded, in taking notice of a child's miscarriage,
is what root it springs from.\'b8 Locke.
Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. i. To
make a remark or remarks; to comment.
Re*mark", n. [Cf. F.
remarque.] 1. Act of remarking or
attentively noticing; notice or observation.
The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude
Conjecture and remark, however shrewd.
Cowper.
2. The expression, in speech or writing, of
something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is
worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation,
comment, or statement; as, a pertinent
remark.
Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.
Re*mark"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. [F.
remarquable.] Worthy of being remarked or
noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon;
extraordinary.
'T is remarkable, that they
Talk most who have the least to say.
Prior.
There is nothing left remarlable
Beneath the visiting moon.
Shak.
Syn. -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual;
rare; strange; wonderful; notable; eminent.
-- Re*mark"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*mark"a*bly, adv.
Re*mark"er (-?r), n. One who
remarks.
Re*mar"riage (r?-m?r"r?j), n. A
second or repeated marriage.
Re*mar"ry (r?-m?r"rr?), v. t. & i.
To marry again.
Re*mast" (r?-m?st"), v. t. To
furnish with a new mast or set of masts.
Re*mas"ti*cate (r?-m?s"t?-k?t), v.
t. To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over,
as the cud.
Re*mas`ti*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n.
The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.
Rem"berge (r?m"b?rj), n. See
Ramberge.
\'d8Rem`blai" (r?n`bl?"), n.
[F., fr. remblayer to fill up an excavation, to
embank.] (Fort. & Engin.) Earth or
materials made into a bank after having been excavated.
Rem"ble (r/m"b'l), v. t. [Cf.
OF. embler to steal, fr. L. involare to fly
into or at, to carry off.] To remove.
[Prov.Eng.]
Grose. Tennyson.
Reme (r/m), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*mean" (r/-m/n"), v. t.
To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to
interpret. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Re"me*ant (r/"m/*ant),
a. [L. remeans, -antis, p.
pr. of remeare to go or come back.] Coming
back; returning. [R.] \'bdLike the
remeant sun.\'b8
C. Kingsley.
Re*meas"ure (r?-m?zh"?r; 135), v. t.
To measure again; to retrace.
They followed him . . .
The way they came, their steps remeasured right.
Fairfax.
Re*mede" (r?-m?d"), n.
Remedy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*me"di*a*ble (r?-m?"d?-?-b'l), a.
[L. remediabilis: cf. F.
rem\'82diable.] Capable of being remedied
or cured.
-- Re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n.
-Re*me"di*a*bly, adv.
Re*me"di*al (-al), a.
[L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy;
intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an
evil; as, remedial treatment.
Statutes are declaratory or remedial.
Blackstone.
It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is
not remedial, not conservative.
I. Taylor.
Re*me"di*al*ly, adv. In a remedial
manner.
Re*me"di*ate (-?t), a.
Remedial. [R.]
Shak.
Re*med"i*less (r?-m?d"?-l?s a.
1. Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being
restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a
remediless mistake or loss. \'bdChains
remedilesse.\'b8
Spenser.
Hopeless are all my evils, all remediless.
Milton.
2. Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual.
[Obs.]
Forced to forego the attempt remediless.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable;
irretrievable; irreparable; desperate.
-- Re*med"i*less, adv.
[Obs.] Udall. -- Re*med"i*less*ly,
adv. -- Re*med"i*less*ness,
n.
Rem"e*dy (r?m"?-d?), n.; pl.
Remedies (-d/z). [L.
remedium; pref. re- re- + mederi
to heal, to cure: cf. F. rem\'8ade remedy,
rem\'82dier to remedy. See Medical.]
1. That which relieves or cures a disease; any
medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores
health; -- with for; as, a remedy for the
gout.
2. That which corrects or counteracts an evil of
any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; --
followed by for or against, formerly by
to.
What may else be remedy or cure
To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought,
He will instruct us.
Milton.
3. (Law) The legal means to recover a
right, or to obtain redress for a wrong.
Civil remedy. See under Civil.
-- Remedy of the mint (Coinage), a
small allowed deviation from the legal standard of weight and
fineness; -- called also tolerance.
Syn. -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation;
redress; relief; aid; help; assistance.
Rem"e*dy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Remedied (-d?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Remedying.] [L.
remediare, remediari: cf. F.
rem/dier. See Remedy, n.]
To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to
repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract.
I will remedy this gear ere long.
Shak.
Re*melt" (r?-m?lt"), v. t. To
melt again.
Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remembered
(-b?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remembering.] [OF. remebrer,
L. rememorari; pref. re- re- +
memorare to bring to remembrance, from
memor mindful. See Memory, and cf.
Rememorate.] 1. To have ( a notion
or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived,
known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension of; to bring to
mind again; to think of again; to recollect; as, I
remember the fact; he remembers the events of
his childhood; I cannot remember dates.
We are said to remember anithing, when the idea of
it arise/ in the mind with the consciousness that we have had
this idea before.
I. Watts.
2. To be capable of recalling when required; to
keep in mind; to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to
preserve fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with
gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Ex. xx. 8.
That they may have their wages duly paid 'em,
And something over to remember me by.
Shak.
Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste.
Milton.
<-- p. 1216 -->
3. To put in mind; to remind; -- also used
reflexively and impersonally. [Obs.]
\'bdRemembering them the trith of what they themselves
known.\'b8
Milton.
My friends remembered me of home.
Chapman.
Remember you of passed heaviness.
Chaucer.
And well thou wost [knowest] if it remember
thee.
Chaucer.
4. To mention. [Obs.] \'bdAs in
many cases hereafter to be remembered.\'b8
Ayliffe.
5. To recall to the mind of another, as in the
friendly messages, remember me to him, he wishes to be
remembered to you, etc.
Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. i.
To execise or have the power of memory; as, some
remember better than others.
Shak.
Re*mem"ber*a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable or worthy of being remembered. --
Re*mem"ber*a*bly, adv.
<-- = memorable -->
The whole vale of Keswick is so rememberable.
Coleridge.
Re*mem"ber*er (-?r), n. One who
remembers.
Re*mem"brance (-brans), n.
[OF. remembrance.]
1. The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or
bringing to mind; recollection.
Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage.
Milton.
Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.
Addison.
2. The state of being remembered, or held in mind;
memory; recollection.
This, ever grateful, in remembrance bear.
Pope.
3. Something remembered; a person or thing kept in
memory.
Shak.
4. That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a
memorial; a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of
something to be remembered.
And on his breast a bloody cross he bore,
The dear remembrance of his dying Lord.
Spenser.
Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake.
Shak.
5. Something to be remembered; counsel;
admoni//on; instruction. [Obs.]
Shak.
6. Power of remembering; reach of personal
knowledge; period over which one's memory extends.
Thee I have heard relating what was done
Ere my remembrance.
Milton.
Syn. -- Recollection; reminiscence. See
Memory.
Re*mem"bran*cer (-bran-s?r),
n. 1. One who, or that which, serves to
bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a
reminder.
Premature consiolation is but the remembrancer of
sorrow.
Goldsmith.
Ye that are the lord's remembrancers.
Isa. lxii. 6. (Rev. Ver. ).
2. A term applied in England to several officers,
having various functions, their duty originally being to bring
certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at the
proper time. \'bdThe remembrancer of the lord
treasurer in the exchequer.\'b8
Bacon.
Re*mem"o*rate (-?-r?t), v. i.
[L. rememoratus, p. p. of rememorari.
See Remember.] To recall something by means
of memory; to remember. [Obs.]
Bryskett.
Re*mem`o*ra"tuin (-r?"sh?n), n.
[F. rem/moration, or L.
rememoratio.] A recalling by the faculty of
memory; remembrance. [Obs. & R.]
Bp. Montagu.
Re*mem"o*ra*tive (r?-mEm"?-r?-t?v),
a. Tending or serving to remind.
[R.]
Rem"e*nant (r?m"?-nant), n.
A remnant. [Obs.]
{ Re*m,er"cie, Re*mer"cy }
(r?-mER"s?), v. t. [F.
remercier; pref. re- re- + OF.
mercier to thank, from OF. & F. merci. See
Mercy.] To thank. [Obs.]
She him remercied as the patron of her life.
Spenser.
Re*merge" (r?-m?rj"), v. i. To
merge again. \'bdRemerging in the general
Soul.\'b8
Tennyson.
{ Re*meve" (r?-mEv"), Re*mewe"
(r?-m?") }, v. t. & i. To
remove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rem"i*form (r?m"?*f?rm), a. [L.
remus oar + -form.] Shaped like
an oar.
\'d8Rem"i*ges (r?m"?*j?z), n. pl.;
sing. Remex. (r/"m/ks). [L.
remex, -igis, an oarsman.]
(Zo\'94l.) The quill feathers of the wings of a
bird.
Rem"i*grate (r?m"?-gr?t ,
v. i. [L. remigrare. See Re-,
and Migrate.] To migrate again; to go back;
to return.
Boyle.
Rem`i*gra"tion (r?m`?-gr?"sh?n), n.
Migration back to the place from which one came.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*mind" (r?-m?nd"), v. t. To
put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of;
to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person).
When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to
arrest, seize, and remind us of our mortality.
South.
Re*mind"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken
remembrance.
Re**mind"ful (f?l), a. Tending
or adapted to remind; careful to remind.
Southey.
Rem`i*nis"cence (r?m`?-n?s"sens),
n. [F. r\'82miniscence, L.
reminiscentia.] 1. The act or
power of recalling past experience; the state of being
reminiscent; remembrance; memory.
The other part of memory, called reminiscence,
which is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but
confusedly remembered.
South.
I forgive your want of reminiscence, since it is
long since I saw you.
Sir W. Scott.
2. That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a
statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection;
as, pleasing or painful reminiscences.
Syn. -- Remembrance; recollection. See
Memory.
Rem`i*nis"cen*cy (-sen-s?),
n. Reminiscence. [Obs.]
Rem`i*nis"cent (-sent), a.
[L. reminiscens, -entis, p. pr. of
reminisci to recall to mind, to recollect;
pref.re- re + a word akin to mens mind,
memini I remember. See Mind.]
Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having
remembrance; reminding one of something.
Some other of existence of which we have been previously
conscious, and are now reminiscent.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Rem`i*nis"cent (r?m`?-n?s"sent),
n. One who is addicted to indulging, narrating,
or recording reminiscences.
Rem`i*nis*cen"tial (-n?s-s?n"shal),
a. Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or
remembrance.
Sir T. Browne.
Rem"i*ped (r?m"?-p?d), a. [L.
remus oar + pes, pedis, foot:
cf. F. r\'82mip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of
certain crustaceans and insects.
Rem"i*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An animal having limbs like oars, especially
one of certain crustaceans. (b) One of a
group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for swimming. See
Water beetle.
Re*mise" (r?-m?z"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remised
(-m?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remising.] [F. remise
delivery, surrender, fr. remettre to put back,
deliver, L. remittere. See Remit.]
To send, give, or grant back; torelease a claim to; to
resign or surrender by deed; to return.
Blackstone.
Re*mise", n. (Law) A giving
or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a
claim.
Re*miss" (r?-m?s"), a. [L.
remissus, p. p. of remittere to send back,
relax. See Remit.] Not energetic or exact in
duty or business; not careful or prompt in fulfilling
engagements; negligent; careless; tardy; behindhand; lagging;
slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid;
slow.
Thou never wast remiss, I bear thee witness.
Milton.
These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss.
Roscommon.
Its motion becomes more languid and remiss.
Woodward.
Syn. -- Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless;
neglectful; inattentive; heedles; thoughtless.
Re*miss", n. The act of being remiss;
inefficiency; failure. [Obs.]
\'bdRemisses of laws.\'b8
Puttenham.
Re*miss"ful (-f?l), a. Inclined
to remit punishment; lenient; clement.
Drayton.
Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty (r?-m?s`s?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The state or quality of being
remissible.
Jer. Taylor.
Re*mis"si*ble (r?-m?s"s?-b'l), a.
[L. remissibilis: cf. F.
r\'82missible. See Remit.] Capable
of being remitted or forgiven.
Feltham.
Re*mis"sion (r?-m?sh"?n), n.
[F. r\'82mission, L. remissio. See
Remit.] 1. The act of remitting,
surrendering, resigning, or giving up.
2. Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment
of a claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression;
release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc.
This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many
for the remission of sins.
Matt. xxvi. 28.
That ples, therefore, . . .
Will gain thee no remission.
Milton.
3. Diminution of intensity; abatement;
relaxation.
4. (Med.) A temporary and incomplete
subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as
destinguished from intermission, in which the disease
completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement.
5. The act of sending back. [R.]
Stackhouse.
6. Act of sending in payment, as money;
remittance.
Re*mis"sive (r?-m?s"s?v), a.
[L. remissivus. See Remit.]
Remitting; forgiving; abating.
Bp. Hacket.
Re*miss"ly (r?-m?s"l?), adv. In
a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly.
Re*miss"ness, n. Quality or state of
being remiss.
Re*mis"so*ry (r?-m?s"s?-r?), a.
Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission;
remissive. \'bdA sacrifice expiatory or
remissory.\'b8
Latimer.
Re*mit" (r?-m?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Remitting.] [L.
remittere, remissum, to send back, to
slacken, relax; pref. re- re- + mittere to
send. See Mission, and cf. Remise,
Remiss.] 1. To send back; to give
up; to surrender; to resign.
In the case the law remits him to his ancient and
more certain right.
Blackstone.
In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be
remitted to their prince.
Hayward.
The prisoner was remitted to the guard.
Dryden.
2. To restore. [Obs.]
The archbishop was . . . remitted to his
liberty.
Hayward.
3. (Com.) To transmit or send, esp. to a
distance, as money in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.;
as, he remitted the amount by mail.
4. To send off or away; hence: (a) To
refer or direct (one) for information, guidance, help, etc.
\'bdRemitting them . . . to the works of Galen.\'b8
Sir T. Elyot. (b) To submit, refer, or leave
(something) for judgment or decision. \'bdWhether the
counsel be good Iremit it to the wise readers.\'b8
Sir T. Elyot.
5. To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to
abate.
So willingly doth God remit his ire.
Milton.
6. To forgive; to pardon; to remove.
Whose soever sins ye remit, they are
remitted unto them.
John xx. 23.
7. To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as,
to remit the performance of an obligation.
\'bdThe sovereign was undoubtedly competent to remit
penalties.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive;
pardon; absolve.
Re*mit", v. i. 1. To abate in
force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become moderated;
to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits; the severity
of the weather remits.
2. To send money, as in payment.
Addison.
Re*mit"ment (-ment), n.
The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted;
remission.
Disavowing the remitment of Claudius.
Milton.
Re*mit"tal (-tal), n.
A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the
remittal of the first fruits.
Swift.
Re*mit"tance (r?-m?t"tans),
n. 1. The act of transmitting money,
bills, or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction
of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation.
2. The sum or thing remitted.
Addison.
Re*mit`tee" (r?-m?t`t?"), n.
(Com.) One to whom a remittance is sent.
Re*mit"tent (r?-m?t"tent),
a. [L. remittens, p. pr. : cf. F.
r\'82mittent.] Remitting; characterized by
remission; having remissions.
Remittent fever (Med.), a fever in
which the symptoms temporarily abate at regular intervals, but do
not wholly cease. See Malarial fever, under
Malarial.
Re*mit"ter (-t?r), n. 1.
One who remits. Specifically: (a) One
who pardons. (b) One who makes
remittance.
2. (Law) The sending or placing back of
a person to a title or right he had before; the restitution of
one who obtains possession of property under a defective title,
to his rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might
legally have entered into possession only by suit.
Bouvier.
\'d8Re*mit"ti*tur (-t?-t?r), n.
[L., (it) is remitted.] (Law) (a)
A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut
being a remission of excess of damages. (b) A
sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an
inferior court.
Wharton.
Re*mit"tor (-t?r), n.
(Law) One who makes a remittance; a
remitter.
Re*mix" (r?-m?ks"), v. t. To
mix again or repeatedly.
Rem"nant (r?m"nant), a.
[OF. remanant, p. pr. of remanoir,
remaindre. See Remanent,
Remain.] Remaining; yet left.
[R.] \'bdBecause of the remnant dregs of
his disease.\'b8
Fuller.
And quiet dedicate her remnant life
To the just duties of an humble wife.
Prior.
Rem"nant, n. [OF.remanant.
See Remnant, a.]
1. That which remains after a part is removed,
destroyed, used up, performed, etc.; residue.
Chaucer.
The remnant that are left of the captivity.
Neh. i. 3.
The remnant of my tale is of a length
To tire your patience.
Dryden.
2. A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a
little bit; a scrap.
Some odd quirks and remnants of wit.
Shak.
3. (Com.) An unsold end of piece goods,
as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.
Syn. -- Residue; rest; remains; remainder.
Re*mod"el (r?-m?d"?l), v. t. To
model or fashion anew; to change the form of.
The corporation had been remodeled.
Macaulay.
Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion (-?-f?-k?"sh?n),
n. The act of remodifying; the state of being
remodified.
Re*mod"i*fy (r?-m?d"?-f?), v. t.
To modify again or anew; to reshape.
{ \'d8R\'82`mo`lade" (r?`m?`l?d"),
\'d8R\'82`mou`lad" (r?`m??`l?d"), }
n. [F.] A kind of piquant sauce or
salad dressing resembling mayonnaise.
{ Re*mold", Re*mould" }
(r?-m?ld"), v. t. To mold or shape anew
or again; to reshape.
Re*mol"lient (r?-m?l"yent ent), a. [L.
remolliens, p. pr. of remollire to mollify:
cf. F. r\'82mollient. See Mollient.]
Mollifying; softening. [R.]
Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion (r?-m?n`?-t?-z?"sh?n , n. The act of remonetizing.
Re*mon"e*tize (-t?z), v. t. To
restore to use as money; as, to remonetize
silver.
Re*mon"strance (-m?n"strans),
n. [Cf. OF. remonstrance, F.
remonstrance. See Remonstrate.]
1. The act of remonstrating; as: (a)
A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration.
[Obs.]
You may marvel why I . . . would not rather
Make rash remonstrance of my hidden power
Than let him be so lost.
Shak.
(b) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to
something; protest; expostulation.
2. (R.C.Ch.) Same as
Monstrance.
Re*mon"strant (-strant), a.
[LL. remonstranc, -antis, p. pr. of
remonstrare: cf. OF. remonstrant,
F.remontrant.] Inclined or tending to
remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to
something.
Re*mon"strant, n. One who
remonstrates; specifically (Eccl. Hist.),
one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of
the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the
decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618. See
Arminian.
Re*mon"strant*ly, adv. In a remonstrant
manner.
Re*mon"strate (-str?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remonstrated
(-str/*t/d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remonstrating.] [LL.
remonstratus, p. p. of remonstrare to
remonstrate; L. pref. re- + monstrare to
show. See Monster.] To point out; to show
clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to
demonstrate. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
I will remonstrate to you the third door.
B. Jonson.
Re*mon"strate, v. i. To present and urge
reasons in opposition to an act, measure, or any course of
proceedings; to expostulate; as, to remonstrate with
a person regarding his habits; to remonstrate against
proposed taxation.
It is proper business of a divine to state cases of
conscience, and to remonstrate against any growing
corruptions in practice, and especially in principles.
Waterland.
Syn. -- Expostulate, Remonstrate.
These words are commonly interchangeable, the principal
difference being that expostulate is now used
especially to signify remonstrance by a superior or by one in
authority. A son remonstrates against the harshness of
a father; a father expostulates with his son on his
waywardness. Subjects remonstrate with their rulers;
sovereigns expostulate with the parliament or the
people.
Re`mon*stra"tion (r?`m?n*str?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. OF. remonstration, LL.
remonstratio.] The act of remonstrating;
remonstrance. [R.]
Todd.
Re*mon"stra*tive (r?*m?n"str?*t?v),
a. Having the character of a remonstrance;
expressing remonstrance.
<-- p. 1217 -->
Re*mon"stra*tor (r?*m?n"str?*t?r),
n. One who remonstrates; a remonsrant.
Bp. Burnet.
Re*mon"tant (-tant),
a.[F.] (Hort.) Rising
again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more than once
in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the Jacqueminot
is a well-known example.
\'d8Re*mon`toir" (re-m?n"tw?r"; E.
r?-m?n"tw?r), n. [F.]
(Horology) See under Escapement.
\'d8Rem"o*ra (r?m"?*r?), n.
[L.: cf. F. r\'82mora.]
1. Delay; obstacle; hindrance.
[Obs.]
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
of fishes belonging to Echeneis, Remora,
and allied genera. Called also sucking fish.
Echeneis
naucrates), and the swordfish remora (Remora
brachyptera), are common American species.
3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly in
use, intended to retain parts in their places.
Dunglison.
Rem"o*rate (-r?t), v. t. [L.
remoratus, p. p. of remorari; pref.
re- re- + morari to delay.] To
hinder; to delay. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Re*mord" (r?-m?rd"), v. t. [L.
remordere to bite again, to torment: cf. F.
remordre. See Remorse.] To excite
to remorse; to rebuke. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Re*mord", v. i. To feel remorse.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Re*mord"en*cy (-en*s?), n.
Remorse; compunction; compassion. [Obs.]
Killingbeck.
Re*morse" (r?*m?rs"), n. [OE.
remors, OF. remors,F. remords,
LL. remorsus, fr. L. remordere,
remorsum, to bite again or back, to torment; pref.
re- re- + mordere to bite. See
Morsel.] 1. The anguish, like
gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of
conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past
life. \'bdNero will be tainted with remorse.\'b8
Shak.
2. Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.
Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw
To no remorse.
Dryden.
But evermore it seem'd an easier thing
At once without remorse to strike her dead.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See
Compunction.
Re*morsed" (r?-m?rst"), a.
Feeling remorse. [Obs.]
Re*morse"ful (-m?rs"f?l), a.
1. Full of remorse.
The full tide of remorseful passion had abated.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Compassionate; feeling tenderly.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. Exciting pity; pitiable.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
-- Re*morse"ful*ly, adv. --
Re*morse"ful*ness, n.
Re*morse"less, a. Being without remorse;
having no pity; hence, destitute of sensibility; cruel;
insensible to distress; merciless.
\'bdRemorseless adversaries.\'b8 South.
\'bdWith remorseless cruelty.\'b8 Milton.
Syn. -- Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting;
implacable; merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel.
-- Re*morse"less*ly, adv. --
Re*morse"less*ness, n.
Re*mote" (r?-m?t"), a.
[Compar. Remoter (-?r);
superl. Remotest.] [L.
remotus, p. p. of removere to remove. See
Remove.] 1. Removed to a distance;
not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to
time or to place; as, remote
ages; remote lands.
Places remote enough are in Bohemia.
Shak.
Remote from men, with God he passed his days.
Parnell.
2. Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or
being related; -- in various figurative uses. Specifically:
(a) Not agreeing; alien; foreign. \'bdAll
these propositions, how remote soever from reason.\'b8
Locke. (b) Not nearly related; not close;
as, a remote connection or consanguinity.
(c) Separate; abstracted. \'bdWherever the
mind places itself by any thought, either amongst, or
remote from, all bodies.\'b8 Locke.
(d) Not proximate or acting directly; primary;
distant. \'bdFrom the effect to the remotest
cause.\'bd Granville. (e) Not obvious or
sriking; as, a remote resemblance.
3. (Bot.) Separated by intervals greater
than usual.
-- Re*mote"ly, adv. --
Re*mote"ness, n.
Re*mo"tion (r?-m?"sh?n), n. [L.
remotio. See Remove.] 1.
The act of removing; removal. [Obs.]
This remotion of the duke and her
Is practice only.
Shak.
2. The state of being remote; remoteness.
[R.]
The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask conferred by the
enormity of their remotion.
De Quincey.
Re*mould" (r?-m?ld"), v. t. See
Remold.
Re*mount" (r?-mount"), v. t. & i.
To mount again.
Re*mount", n. The opportunity of, or
things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse,
with his equipments; as, to give one a
remount.
Re*mov"a*ble (r?-m??v"?-b'l), a.
Admitting of being removed. Ayliffe. --
Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty
(-/-b/l"/-t/), n.
Re*mov"al (-al), n.
The act of removing, or the state of being removed.
Re*move" (r?-m??v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Removed
(-m??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Removing.] [OF. removoir,
remouvoir, L. removere, remotum;
pref. re- re- + movere to move. See
Move.] 1. To move away from the
position occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; as,
to remove a building.
Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark.
Deut. xix. 14.
When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving us, I
generally ordered the table to be removed.
Goldsmith.
2. To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to
cease to be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put
an end to; to kill; as, to remove a
disease. \'bdKing Richard thus removed.\'b8
Shak.
3. To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the
President removed many postmasters.
Remove, v.
i.
Re*move" (r?-m??v"), v. i. To
change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to move
or go from one residence, position, or place to another.
Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane,
I can not taint with fear.
Shak.
remove, in some of its
application, is synonymous with move, but not in all.
Thus we do not apply remove to a mere change of
posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man
moves his head when he turns it, or his finger when he
bends it, but he does not remove it. Remove
usually or always denotes a change of place in a body, but we
never apply it to a regular, continued course or motion. We never
say the wind or water, or a ship, removes at a certain
rate by the hour; but we say a ship was removed from
one place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic
term, including the sense of remove, which is more
generally applied to a change from one station or permanent
position, stand, or seat, to another station.
Re*move", n. 1. The act of
removing; a removal.
This place should be at once both school and university, not
needing a remove to any other house of
scholarship.
Milton.
And drags at each remove a lengthening chain.
Goldsmith.
2. The transfer of one's business, or of one's
domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to
another; -- in the United States usually called a
move.
It is an English proverb that three removes are as
bad as a fire.
J. H. Newman.
3. The state of being removed.
Locke.
4. That which is removed, as a dish removed from
table to make room for something else.
5. The distance or space through which anything is
removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in
any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English
public school; as, the boy went up two removes last
year.
A freeholder is but one remove from a
legislator.
Addison.
6. (Far.) The act of resetting a horse's
shoe.
Swift.
Re*moved" (r?-m??vd"), a.
1. Changed in place.
2. Dismissed from office.
3. Distant in location; remote. \'bdSomething
finer than you could purchase in so removed a
dwelling.\'b8
Shak.
4. Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a
cousin once removed.
-- Re*mov"ed*ness
(r/-m//v"/d-n/s), n.
Shak.
Re*mov"er (-?r), n. One who
removes; as, a remover of landmarks.
Bacon.
Re*mu"a*ble (r?-m?"?-b'l), a.
[F.] That may be removed; removable.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Re*mue" (r?-m?"), v. t. [F.
remuer. See Mew to molt.] To
remove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*mu"gi*ent (r?-m?"j?-ent),
a. [L. remugiens, p. pr. of
remugire. See Mugient.]
Rebellowing.
Dr. H. More.
Re**mu"ner*a*ble (r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l),
a. [See Remunerate.]
Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration. --
Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty
(r/-m/"n/r-/-b/l"i-t/),
n.
Re*mu"ner*ate (-?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remunerated
(-?"t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remunerating.] [L.
remuneratus, p. p. of remunerare,
remunerari; pref. re- re- +
munerare, munerari, to give, present, from
munus, muneris, a gift, present. Cf.
Munificent.] To pay an equivalent to for any
service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to
requite; as, to remunerate men for labor.
Syn. -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite;
repay; pay; reimburse.
Re*mu`ner*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[L. remuneratio: cf. F.
r\'82mun\'82ration.] 1. The act of
remunerating.
2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent
given, as for services, loss, or sufferings.
Shak.
Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment;
repayment; satisfaction; requital.
Re*mu"ner*a*tive (r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v),
a. [Cf.F. r\'82mun/ratif.]
Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative
payment for services; a remunerative
business. -Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly,
adv. -- Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness,
n.
Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82mun/ratoire.]
Remunerative.
Johnson.
Re*mur"mur (r?-m?r"m?r), v. t. & i.
[Pref. re- + murmur: cf. F.
remurmurare.] To murmur again; to utter
back, or reply, in murmurs.
The trembling trees, in every plain and wood,
Her fate remurmur to the silver flood.
Pope.
Ren (r?n), v. t. & i. See
Renne. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren, n. A run. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"a*ble (r?n"?-b'l), a. [OF.
resnable.] Reasonable; also,
loquacious. [Obs.] \'bdMost renable
of tongue.\'b8 Piers Plowman. --
Ren"a*bly, adv.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Re*nais`sance" (F.
re-n?`s?ns"; E. r?-n?s"sans),
n. [F., fr. rena to be born
again. Cf. Renascence.] A new birth, or
revival. Specifically: (a) The transitional
movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning
and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival
following in other countries. (b) The style
of art which prevailed at this epoch.
The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the
Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism,
developing what was original in medi\'91val ideas by the light of
classic arts and letters.
J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).
Re*nais"sant (r?-n?s"sant),
a. Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.
Re"nal (r?"nal), a.
[L. renalis, fr. renes the kidneys or
reins: cf. F. r\'82nal. See Reins.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the
region of the kidneys.
Renal calculus (Med.), a concretion
formed in the excretory passages of the kidney.<-- = kidney
stone? --> -- Renal capsules glands, the suprarenal capsules. See under
Capsule. -- Renal casts,
Renal colic. (Med.) See under
Cast, and Colic.
Re"nal-por`tal
(r?"nal-p?r"tal), a.
(Anat.) Both renal and portal. See
Portal.
Re*name" (r?*n?m"), v. t. To
give a new name to.
Ren"ard (r?n"?rd), n. [F.
renard the fox, the name of the fox in a celebrated
epic poem, and of German origin, G. Reinhard, OHG.
Reginhard, properly, strong in counsel;
regin counsel (akin to Goth. ragin) +
hart hard. See Hard.] A fox; -- so
called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry.
[Written also reynard.]
Ren"ard*ine (-?n), a. Of or
pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is
mentioned.
Re*nas"cence (r?-n?s"sens),
n. [See Renascent, and cf.
Renaissance.] 1. The state of being
renascent.
Read the Ph/nix, and see how the single image of
renascence is varied.
Coleridge.
2. Same as Renaissance.
The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature,
and in physics, produced such splendid fruits.
M. Arnold.
Re*nas"cen*cy (-sen-s?), n.
State of being renascent.
Re*nas"cent (-sent), a.
[L. renascens, p. pr. of renasci to be
born again; pref. re- re- + nasci to be
born. See Nascent.] 1. Springing or
rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced.
2. See Renaissant.
Re*nas"ci*ble (-s?-b'l), a.
[LL. renascibilis, from L. renasci to
be born again.] Capable of being reproduced; ablle to
spring again into being.
Re*nate" (r?-n?t"), a. [L.
renatus, p. p. of renasci.] Born
again; regenerate; renewed. [Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Re*nav"i*gate (r?-n?v"?-g?t), v. t.
To navigate again.
Re*nay" (r?-n?"), v. t. [OF.
reneier, F. renier, F. renier;
L. pref. re- re- + negare to deny. See
Renegade.] To deny; to disown.
[Obs.]
Ren*con"tre (r?n-k?n"t?r; F.
r?n`k?n"tr'), n.
[F.] Same as Rencounter,
n.
Ren*coun"ter (r?n-koun"t?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rencountered
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb/ n.
Rencountering.] [F.
rencontrer; pref. re- + OF.
encontrer to encounter. See Encounter.]
1. To meet unexpectedly; to encounter.
2. To attack hand to hand.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ren*coun"ter, v. i. To meet
unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come in
collision; to skirmish.
Ren*coun"ter, n. [F.
rencontre, from renconter to meet.]
1. A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision;
especially, a meetingg in opposition or contest; a combat,
action, or engagement.
The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join.
Granville.
2. A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or
fight without premeditation, as between individuals or small
parties.
The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in all
rencounters and engagements.
Addison.
Sun. -- Combat; fight; conflict; collision;
clash.
Rend (r?nd), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rent
(r?nt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rending.] [AS. rendan,
hrendan; cf. OFries. renda,
randa, Fries.renne to cut, rend, Icel.
hrinda to push, thrust, AS. hrindan; or cf.
Icel. r/na to rob, plunder, Ir. rannaim
to divide, share, part, W. rhanu, Armor.
ranna.] 1. To separate into parts
with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to
burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting;
lightning rends an oak.
The dreadful thunder
Doth rend the region.
Shak.
2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by
force.
An empire from its old foundations rent.
Dryden.
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee.
1 Kings xi. 11.
To rap and rend. See under Rap,
v. t., to snatch.
Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture;
crack; split.
Rend, v. i. To be rent or torn; to
become parted; to sepparate; to split.
Jer. Taylor.
Rend"er (-?r), n. [From
Rend.] One who rends.
Ren"der (r?n"d?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rendered
(-d?rd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rendering.] [F. rendre, LL.
rendre, fr. L. reddere; pref.
red-, re-, re- + dare to give.
See Datetime, and cf. Reddition,
Rent.] 1. To return; to pay back; to
restore.
Whose smallest minute lost, no riches render
may.
Spenser.
2. To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies.
Deut. xxxii. 41.
3. To give up; to yield; to surrender.
I 'll make her render up her page to me.
Shak.
4. Hence, to furnish; to contribute.
Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and
virtue.
I. Watts.
5. To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to
render an account; to render
judgment.
6. To cause to be, or to become; as, to
render a person more safe or more unsafe; to
render a fortress secure.
7. To translate from one language into another;
as, to render Latin into English.
8. To interpret; to set forth, represent, or
exhibit; as, an actor renders his part poorly; a
singer renders a passage of music with great effect; a
painter renders a scene in a felicitous
manner.
He did render him the most unnatural
That lived amongst men.
Shak.
9. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.)
from fatty animal substances; as, to render
tallow.
10. To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the
use of lath.
Ren"der, v. i. 1. To give an
account; to make explanation or confession.
[Obs.]
2. (Naut.) To pass; to run; -- said of
the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; as, a
rope renders well, that is, passes freely; also, to
yield or give way.
Totten.
Ren"der, n. 1. A
surrender. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. A return; a payment of rent.
In those early times the king's household was supported by
specific renders of corn and other victuals from the
tenants of the demains.
Blackstone.
3. An account given; a statement.
[Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 1218 -->
Ren"der*a*ble (r?n"d?r-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being rendered.
Ren"der*er (-?r), n. 1.
One who renders.
2. A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is
rendered.
Ren"der*ing, n. The act of one who
renders, or that which is rendered. Specifically: (a) A
version; translation; as, the rendering of the
Hebrew text. Lowth. (b) In art, the
presentation, expression, or interpretation of an idea, theme, or
part. (c) The act of laying the first coat of plaster on
brickwork or stonework. (d) The coat of plaster thus
laid on. Gwilt. (e) The process of trying out
or extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat.
Ren"dez*vous (r?n"d?*vr?n"-;
277), n.; pl. Rendezvouses
(r/n"d/-v. [Rare in the
plural.] [F. rendez-vous, properly, render
yourselves, repair to a place. See Render.]
1. A place appointed for a meeting, or at which
persons customarily meet.
An inn, the free rendezvous of all travelers.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Especially, the appointed place for troops, or
for the ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for
enlistment.
The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together to a
rendezvous at Marlborough.
Clarendon.
3. A meeting by appointment.
Sprat.
4. Retreat; refuge. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ren"dez*vous (r?n"d?-v,
v. i. [imp. &. p. p.
Rendezvoused (-v; p. pr. & vb.
n. Rendezvousing
(-v.] To assemble or meet
at a particular place.
Ren"dez*vous, v. t. To bring together at
a certain place; to cause to be assembled.
Echard.
Rend"i*ble (r?nd"?-b'l), a.
[From Rend.] Capable of being rent or
torn.
Ren"di*ble (r?n"d?-b'l), a.
[See Render.] Capable, or admitting, of
being rendered.
Ren*di"tion (r?n-d?sh"?n), n.
[LL. rendere to render: cf. L.
redditio. See Render, and cf.
Reddition.]
1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of
surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a
foreign government; also, surrender in war.
The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after
articles of rendition.
Evelyn.
2. Translation; rendering; version.
This rendition of the word seems also most
naturally to agree with the genuine meaning of some other words
in the same verse.
South.
Rend"rock` (r?nd"r?k`), n. A
kind of dynamite used in blasting. [U.S.]
Ren"e*gade (r?n"?-g?d), n. [Sp.
renegado, LL. renegatus, fr.
renegare to deny; L. pref. re- re- +
negare to deny. See Negation, and
cf. Runagate.] One faithless to
principle or party. Specifically: (a) An
apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious
faith.
James justly regarded these renegades as the most
serviceable tools that he could employ.
Macaulay.
(b) One who deserts from a military or naval post;
a deserter. Arbuthnot. (c) A common
vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow.
Ren`e*ga"do (r?n`?-g?"d?), n.
[Sp.] See Renegade.
Ren"e*gat (r?n"?-g?t), n. [See
Runegate.] A renegade.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren`e*ga"tion (r?n`?-ga"sh?n), n.
A denial. [R.] \'bdAbsolute
renegation of Christ.\'b8
Milman.
Re*nege" (r?-n?j" , v.
t. [LL. renegare. See
Renegade.] To deny; to disown.
[Obs.]
Shak.
All Europe high (all sorts of rights reneged)
Against the trith and thee unholy leagued.
Sylvester.
Re*nege", v. i. 1. To
deny. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. (Card Playing) To revoke.
[R.]
Re*nerve" (r?-n?rv"), v. t. To
nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate.
Re*new" (r?-n?"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reneved
(-n?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Renewing.] [Pref. re- + new.
Cf. Renovate.] 1. To make new again;
to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life
to; to rejuvenate; to re/stablish; to recreate; to
rebuild.
In such a night
Medea gathered the enchanted herbs
That did renew old /son.
Shak.
2. Specifically, to substitute for (an old
obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in
force; to make again; as, to renew a lease, note, or
patent.
3. To begin again; to recommence.
The last great age . . . renews its finished
course.
Dryden.
4. To repeat; to go over again.
The birds-their notes renew.
Milton.
5. (Theol.) To make new spiritually; to
regenerate.
Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.
Rom. xii. 2.
Re*new", v. i. To become new, or as new;
to grow or begin again.
Re*new`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being renewable.
[R.]
Re*new"a*ble (r?-n?"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being renewed; as, a lease renewable
at pleasure.
Swift.
Re*new"al (-al), n.
The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; as,
the renewal of a treaty.
Re*new"ed*ly, adv. Again; once
more. [U.S.]
Re*new"ed*ness, n. The state of being
renewed.
Re*new"er (-?r), n. One who, or
that which, renews.
Re*neye" (r?-n?"), v. t. [See
Renay.] To deney; to reject; to
renounce. [Obs.]
For he made every man reneye his law.
Chaucer.
Reng (r?ng), n. [See
Rank, n.] 1. A rank; a
row. [Obs.] \'bdIn two renges
fair.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A rung or round of a ladder.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion (r?-n?d`?-f?-k?"sh?n),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The act of rebuilding a
nest.
Ren"i*form (r?n"?-f?rm; 277), a.
[L. renes kidneys + -form: cf. F.
r\'82niforme.] Having the form or shape of
a kidney; as, a reniform mineral; a
reniform leaf.
{ Re*ni"tence (r?-n?"tens),
Re*ni"ten*cy (-te-s?), }
n. [Cf. F. r\'82nitence.]
The state or quality of being renitent; resistance;
reluctance.
Sterne.
We find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe life
and irritability to the cold and motionless fibers of plants.
E. Darwin.
Re*ni"tent (-tent), a.
[L. renitens, -entis, p. pr. of
renit to strive or struggle against, resist; pref.
re- re- + niti to struggle or strive: cf.
F. r\'82nitent.] 1. Resisting
pressure or the effect of it; acting against impluse by elastic
force. \'bd[Muscles] soft and yet renitent.\'b8
Ray.
2. Persistently opposed.
Ren"ne (r?n"ne), v. t.
To plunder; -- only in the phrase \'bdto rape and
renne.\'b8 See under Rap, v. t.,
to snatch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"ne, v. i. To run.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"ner (-n?r), n. A
runner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"net (r?n"n?t), n. [F.
rainette, reinette, perhaps fr.
raine a tree frog, L. rana, because it is
spotted like this kind of frog. Cf. Ranunculus.]
(Bot.) A name of many different kinds of apples.
Cf. Reinette.
Mortimer.
Ren"net, n. [AS. rinnan,
rennan, to run, cf. gerinnan to curdle,
coagulate. /11. See Run, v.]
The inner, or mucous, membrance of the fourth stomach of the
calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation
of it, used for coagulating milk. [Written also
runnet.]
Cheese rennet. (Bot.) See under
Cheese. -- Rennet ferment (Physiol.
Chem.), a ferment, present in rennet and in variable
quantity in the gastric juice of most animals, which has the
power of curdling milk. The ferment presumably acts by changing
the casein of milk from a soluble to an insoluble form. --
Rennet stomach (Anat.), the fourth
stomach, or abomasum, of ruminants.
Ren"net*ed, a. Provided or treated with
rennet. [R.] \'bdPressed milk
renneted.\'b8
Chapman.
Ren"net*ing, n. (Bot.) Same
as 1st Rennet.
Ren"ning (r?n"n?ng), n. See 2d
Rennet. [Obs.]
Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore they
use it instead of renning, to turn milk.
Holland.
Re`no*mee" (r?`n?-m?"), n. [F.
renomm/e.] Renown.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nounce" (r?-nouns"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Renounced
(-nounst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Renouncing (-noun"s?ng).] [F.
renoncer, L. renuntiare to bring back word,
announce, revoke, retract, renounce; pref. re- re- +
nuntiare to announce, fr. nuncius, a
messenger. See Nuncio, and cf.
Renunciation.] 1. To declare
against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to own or
acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; as, to
renounce a title to land or to a throne.
2. To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown;
to dismiss; to forswear.
This world I do renounce, and in your sights
Shake patiently my great affliction off.
Shak.
3. (Card Playing) To disclaim having a
card of (the suit led) by playing a card of another suit.
To renounce probate (Law), to
decline to act as the executor of a will. Mozley &
W.
Syn. -- To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny;
abjure; recant; abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign;
relinquish; give up; abdicate. --
Renounce, Abjure, Recant. -- To
renounce is to make an affirmative declaration of
abandonment. To abjure is to renounce with, or as
with, the solemnity of an oath. To recant is to
renounce or abjure some proposition previously affirmed and
maintained.
From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no disgrace
Can force me to renounce the honor of my race.
Dryden.
Either to die the death, or to abjure
Forever the society of man.
Shak.
Ease would recant
Vows made in pain, as violent and void.
Milton.
Re*nounce", v. i. 1. To make
renunciation. [Obs.]
He of my sons who fails to make it good,
By one rebellious act renounces to my blood.
Dryden.
2. (Law) To decline formally, as an
executor or a person entitled to letters of administration, to
take out probate or letters.
Dryden died without a will, and his widow having
renounced, his son Charles administered on June
10.
W. D. Christie.
Re*nounce", n. (Card Playing)
Act of renouncing.
Re*nounce"ment (-ment), n.
[Cf. F. renoncement.] The act of
disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation.
Shak.
Re*noun"cer (r?-noun"s?r), n.
One who renounces.
Ren"o*vate (r?n"?-v?t), v. t.
[L. renovatus, p. p. of renovare;pref.
re- re- + novare to make new, fr.
novus new. See New, and //
Renew.] To make over again; to restore to
freshness or vigor; to renew.
All nature feels the reniovating force
Of winter.
Thomson.
Ren`o**va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n.
[L.renovatio: cf. F.
r\'82novation.] The act or process of
renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed.
Thomson.
There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual
renovation of the world.
Rabbler.
Ren"o*va`tor (r?n"?-v?`t?r), n.
[L.: cf. F. r\'82novateur.] One who,
or that which, renovates.
Foster.
Re*nov"el (r?-n?v"el), v.
t. [F. renouveler to renew.] To
renew; to renovate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nov"el*ance (-ans), n.
Renewal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nowme" (r?-noum"), n.
Renown. [Obs.]
The glory and renowme of the ancectors.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Re*nowmed" (r?-noumd"), a.
Renowned. [Obs.]
Re*nown" (r?-noun"), n. [F.
renom. See Noun, and cf. Renown,
v.] 1. The state of being much
known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the
extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame;
celebrity; -- always in a good sense.
Nor envy we
Thy great renown, nor grudge thy victory.
Dryden.
2. Report of nobleness or exploits; praise.
This famous duke of Milan,
Of whom so often I have heard renown.
Shak.
Re*nown" (r?-noun"), v. t. [F.
renommer to name again, celebrate, make famous; pref.
re- re- + nommer to name, L.
nominare , fr. nomen a name. See
Noun.] To make famous; to give renown
to. [Obs.]
For joi to hear me so renown his son.
Chapman.
The bard whom pilfered pastorals renown.
Pope.
Re*nowned" (r?-nound"), a.
Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished
qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned
king. \'bdSome renowned metropolis with
glistering spires.\'b8
Milton.
These were the renouwned of the congregation.
Num. i. 61.
Syn. -- Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent;
celebrated; remarkable; wonderful. See Famous.
Re*nown"ed*ly (r?-noun"?d-l?), adv.
With renown.
Re*nown"er (-?r), n. One who
gives renown. [R.]
Re*nown"ful (-f?l), a. Having
great renown; famous. \'bdRenownful Scipio.\'b8
Marston.
Re*nown"less, a. Without renown;
inglorius.
Rens"se*laer*ite (r?ns"se-l?r-?t),
n. (Min.) A soft, compact variety of
talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe
into inkstands and other articles.
Rent (r?nt), v. i. To
rant. [R. & Obs.]
Hudibras.
Rent, imp. & p. p. of
Rend.
Rent, n. [From Rend.]
1. An opening made by rending; a break or breach
made by force; a tear.
See what a rent the envious Casca made.
Shak.
2. Figuratively, a schim; a rupture of harmony; a
separation; as, a rent in the church.
Syn. -- Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear;
diaceration; break; fracture.
Rent, v. t. To tear. See
Rend. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rent, n. [F. rente, LL.
renta, fr. L. reddita, fem. sing. or neut.
pl. of redditus, p. p. of reddere to give
back, pay. See Render.] 1. Incone;
revenue. See Catel. [Obs.] \'bdCatel
had they enough and rent.\'b8
Chaucer.
[Bacchus] a waster was and all his rent
In wine and bordel he dispent.
Gower.
So bought an annual rent or two,
And liv'd, just as you see I do.
Pope.
2. Pay; reward; share; toll.
[Obs.]
Death, that taketh of high and low his rent.
Chaucer.
3. (Law) A certain periodical profit,
whether in money, provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of
lands and tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain
pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his landlord, paid
at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, for the use of
land or its appendages; as, rent for a farm, a
house, a park, etc.
rent is also popularly applied
to compensation for the use of certain personal chattles, as a
piano, a sewing machine, etc.
Black rent. See Blackmail, 3. --
Forehand rent, rent which is paid in advance;
foregift. -- Rent arrear, rent in arrears; unpaid
rent. Blackstone. -- Rent charge
(Law), a rent reserved on a conveyance of land in
fee simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so called
because, by a covenant or clause in the deed of conveyance, the
land is charged with a distress for the payment of it,
Bouvier. -- Rent roll, a list or
account of rents or income; a rental. -- Rent
seck (Law), a rent reserved by deed, but
without any clause of distress; barren rent. A power of distress
was made incident to rent seck by Statue 4 George II. c. 28.
-- Rent service (Eng. Law), rent
reserved out of land held by fealty or other corporeal service;
-- so called from such service being incident to it. --
White rent, a quitrent when paid in silver; --
opposed to black rent.
Rent, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Renting.] [F. renter. See
Rent, n.] 1. To grant the
possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease; as, the
owwner of an estate or house rents it.<-- =
rent out; to let -->
2. To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent;
as, the tennant rents an estate of the
owner.
Rent, v. i. To be leased, or let for
rent; as, an estate rents for five hundred dollars a
year.
Rent"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable
of being rented, or suitable for renting.
Rent"age (-?j), n. [Cf. OF.
rentage.] Rent. [Obs.]
Rent"al (-al), n. [LL.
rentale, fr. renta. See Rent
income.] 1. A schedule, account, or list of
rents, with the names of the tenants, etc.; a rent roll.
2. A sum total of rents; as, an estate that
yields a rental of ten thousand dollars a
year.
\'d8Rente (r?nt), n.
[F. See Rent income.] In France,
interest payable by government on indebtedness; the bonds,
shares, stocks, etc.,, which represent government
indebtedness.
Rent"er (r?nt"?r), n. One who
rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee or
tenant.
Ren"ter (r?n"t?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rentered
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rentering.] [F. rentraire;
L. pref. re- re- + in into, in +
trahere to draw.] 1. To sew
together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up with
skill and nicety; to finedraw.
2. To restore the original design of, by working in
new warp; -- said with reference to tapestry.
Ren"ter*er (-?r), n. One who
renters.
\'d8Ren`tier" (r?n`ty?"),
n. [F. See 5th Rent.] One who
has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like.
Re*nu"mer*ate (r?-n?"m?r-?t), v. t.
[L. renumeratus, p. p. of renumerare
to count over, count up; pref. re- re- +
numerare to count. See Numerate.]
To recount.
Re*nun`ci*a"tion (r?-n?n`s?-?"sh?n , n. [Cf. F. renonciation, L.
renuntiatio ann announcement. See
Renounce.] 1. The act of
renouncing.
2. (Law) Formal declination to take out
letters of administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or
right.
Syn. -- Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment;
disclaimer; rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial;
abandonment; relinquishment.
<-- p. 1219 -->
Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry (r?-n?n"sh?-?-t?-r?),
a. [Cf. LL. renuntiatorius.]
Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a
renunciation; as, renunciatory vows.
Ren*verse" (r?n-vErs"), v. t.
[F. renverser; L. pref. re- re- +
in in, into + versare, v. intens. fr.
vertere to turn.] To reverse.
[Obs.]
Whose shield he bears renverst.
Spenser.
{ Ren*verse" (r?n*v?rs"), \'d8Ren`ver`s\'82" (r?n`v?r`s?") },
a. [F. renvers\'82, p. p.
] (Her.) Reversed; set with the head
downward; turned contrary to the natural position.
Ren*verse"ment (-ment), n.
[F.] A reversing. [Obs.]
Ren*voy" (-voi"), v. t. [F.
renvoyer.] To send back.
[Obs.] \'bdNot dismissing or renvoying
her.\'b8
Bacon.
Ren*voy", n. [F.
renvoi.] A sending back.
[Obs.]
Re`ob*tain" (r?`?b-t?n"), v. t.
To obtain again.
Re`ob*tain"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
That may be reobtained.
Re*oc"cu*py (r?-?k"k?-p?), v. t.
To occupy again.
Re*om"e*ter (r?-?m"?-t$r), n.
Same as Rheometer.
Re*o"pen (r?-?"p'n), v. t. & i.
To open again.
Re`op*pose" (r?`?p-p?z"), v. t.
To oppose again.
Re`or*dain" (r?`?r-d?n"), v. t.
[Pref. re- re- + ordain: cf. F.
r\'82ordonner.] To ordain again, as when
the first ordination is considered defective.
Bp. Burnet.
Re*or"der (r?-?r"d?r), v. t. To
order a second time.
Re*or`di*na"tion, n. A second
ordination.
Re*or`gan*i*za"tion (-gan-?-z?"sh?n),
n. The act of reorganizing; a reorganized
existence; as, reorganization of the
troops.
Re*or"gan*ize (r?-?r"gan-?z), v.
t. & i. To organize again or anew; as, to
reorganize a society or an army.
Re*o"ri*ent (r?-?"r?-ent),
a. Rising again. [R.]
The life reorient out of dust.
Tennyson.
Re"o*stat (r?"?-st?t), n.
(Physics) See Rheostat.
Re"o*trope (-tr?p), n.
(Physics) See Rheotrope.
Rep (r?p), n. [Prob. a
corruption of rib: cf. F. reps.]
A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and
having a transversely corded or ribbed surface.
Rep, a. Formed with a surface closely
corded, or ribbed transversely; -- applied to textile fabrics of
silk or wool; as, rep silk.
Re*pace" (r?-p?s"), v. t. To
pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction.
Re*pac"i*fy (r?-p?s"?-f?), v. t.
To pacify again.
Re*pack" (r?-p?k"), v. t. To
pack a second time or anew; as, to repack beef; to
repack a trunk.
Re*pack"er (-?r), n. One who
repacks.
Re*pa"gan*ize (r?-p?"gan-?z), v.
t. To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism.
Re*paid" (r?-p?d"), imp. & p.
p. of Repay.
Re*paint" (r?-p?nt"), v. t. To
paint anew or again; as, to repaint a house; to
repaint the ground of a picture.
Re*pair" (r?-p?r"), v. i. [OE.
repairen, OF. repairier to return, fr. L.
repatriare to return to one's contry, to go home
again; pref. re- re- + patria native
country, fr. pater father. See Father, and
cf. Repatriate.] 1. To return.
[Obs.]
I thought . . . that he repaire should again.
Chaucer.
2. To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to
repair to sanctuary for safety.
Chaucer.
Go, mount the winds, and to the shades repair.
Pope.
Re*pair", n. [OF. repaire
retreat, asylum, abode. See Repair to go.]
1. The act of repairing or resorting to a
place. [R.]
Chaucer.
The king sent a proclamation for their repair to
their houses.
Clarendon.
2. Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a
resort. [R.]
There the fierce winds his tender force assail
And beat him downward to his first repair.
Dryden.
Re*pair", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Repaired (-p?rd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Repairing.] [F.
r\'82parer, L. reparare; pref. re- re- +
parare to prepare. See Pare, and cf.
Reparation.] 1. To restore to a
sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial
destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend; as, to
repair a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to
repair a shattered fortune.
Secret refreshings that repair his strength.
Milton.
Do thou, as thou art wont, repair
My heart with gladness.
Wordsworth.
2. To make amends for, as for an injury, by an
equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair a loss
or damage.
I 'll repair the misery thou dost bear.
Shak.
Syn. -- To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve;
recruit.
Re*pair", n. 1. Restoration to
a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury, or partial
restruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are
collected for the repair of a church or of a
city.
Sunk down and sought repair
Of sleep, which instantly fell on me.
Milton.
2. Condition with respect to soundness,
perfectness, etc.; as, a house in good, or bad,
repair; the book is out of repair.
Re*pair"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Reparable.
Gauden.
Re*pair"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends.
Re*pair"ment, n. Act of repairing.
Re*pand" (r?*p?nd), a. [L.
repandus bent backward, turned up; pref.
re- re- + pandus bent, crooked.]
(Bot. & Zool.) Having a slightly undulating
margin; -- said of leaves.
Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (r?p`?-r?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The quality or state of being reparable.
Rep"a*ra*ble (r?p"?-r?-b'l), a
[L. reparabilis: cf. F.
r\'82parable.] Capable of being repaired,
restored to a sound or good state, or made good; restorable;
as, a reparable injury.
Rep"a*ra*bly, adv. In a reparable
manner.
Rep`a*ra"tion (-r?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82paration, L. reparatio. See
Repair to mend.] 1. The act of
renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being renewed or
repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge or of a
highway; -- in this sense, repair is oftener
used.
Arbuthnot.
2. The act of making amends or giving satisfaction
or compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done
or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity.
<-- usu. in the phrase make reparation . -->
I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose
writings, and make what reparation I am able.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation;
amends; satisfaction.
Re*par"a*tive (r?-p?r"?-t?v), a.
Repairing, or tending to repair.
Jer. Taylor.
Re*par"a*tive, n. That which
repairs.
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*par"el (-?l), n. [Cf.
Reapparel.] A change of apparel; a second or
different suit. [Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Rep`ar*tee" (r?p`3r-t?"), n.
[F. repartie, fr. repartir to reply,
depart again; pref. re- re- partir to part,
depart. See Part.] A smart, ready, and witty
reply.
Cupid was as bad as he;
Hear but the youngster's repartee.
Prior.
Syn. -- Retort; reply. See Retort.
Rep`ar*tee", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Reparteed (-t?d"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reparteeing.] To make smart
and witty replies. [R.]
Prior.
\'d8Re`par*ti`mi*en"to (r?`p?r-t?`m?-?n"t?),
n. [Sp., fr. repartir to
divide.] A partition or distribution, especially of
slaves; also, an assessment of taxes.
W. Irving.
Re`par*to"tion (r?-p?r-t?sh"?n), n.
Another, or an additional, separation into parts.
Re*pass" (r?-p?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + pass: cf. F. repasser.
Cf. Repace.] To pass again; to pass or travel
over in the opposite direction; to pass a second time; as, to
repass a bridge or a river; to repass the
sea.
Re*pass", v. i. To pass or go back; to
move back; as, troops passing and repassing before
our eyes.
Re*pas"sage (r?-p?s"s?j;48), n.
The act of repassing; passage back.
Hakluyt.
Re*pas"sant (r?-p?s"sant),
a. [Cf. F. repassant, p. pr.]
(Her.) Counterpassant.
Re*past" (r?-p?st"), n. [OF.
repast, F. repas, LL. repastus,
fr. L. repascere to feed again; pref. re-
re- + pascere, pastum, to pasture, feed.
See Pasture.] 1. The act of taking
food.
From dance to sweet repast they turn.
Milton.
2. That which is taken as food; a meal;
figuratively, any refreshment. \'bdSleep . . . thy best
repast.\'b8
Denham.
Go and get me some repast.
Shak.
Re*past", v. t. & i. To supply food to;
to feast; to take food. [Obs.]
\'bdRepast them with my blood.\'b8
Shak.
He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting and
repasting of our minds.
Milton.
Re*past"er (-?r), n. One who
takes a repast. [Obs.]
Re*pas"ture (-p?s"t?r;135), n.
[See Repast.] Food; entertainment.
[Obs.]
Food for his rage, repasture for his den.
Shak.
Re*pa"tri*ate (r?-p?"tr?-?t), v. t.
[L. repatriare. See 1st Repair.]
To restore to one's own country.
Re*pa`tri*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. LL. repatriatio return to one's
country.] Restoration to one's country.
Re*pay" (r?-p?"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repaid
(-p?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repaying.] [Pref. re- + pay:
cf. F. repayer.] 1. To pay back;
to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or
advanced.
If you repay me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums.
Shak.
2. To make return or requital for; to recompense;
-- in a good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to
repay an injury.
Benefits which can not be repaid . . . are not
commonly found to increase affection.
Rambler.
3. To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt.
Syn. -- To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate;
remunerate; satisfy; reimburse; requite.
Re*pay"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; as, a
loan repayable in ten days; services repayable
in kind.
Re*pay"ment (-ment), n.
1. The act of repaying; reimbursement.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The money or other thing repaid.
Re*peal" (r?-p?l"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repealed
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repealing.] [OF. repeler to
call back, F. rappeler; pref. re- re- + OF.
apeler, F. appeler, to call, L.
appellare. See Appeal, and. cf.
Repel.] 1. To recall; to summon
again, as persons. [Obs.]
The banished Bolingbroke repeals himself,
And with uplifted arms is safe arrived.
Shak.
2. To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to
revoke; to rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the
legislature; as, to repeal a law.
3. To suppress; to repel. [Obs.]
Whence Adam soon repealed
The doubts that in his heart arose.
Milton.
Syn. -- To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul;
abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish.
Re*peal", n. 1. Recall, as from
exile. [Obs.]
The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people
Will be as rash in the repeal, as hassty
To expel him thence.
Shak.
2. Revocation; abrogation; as, the
repeal of a statute; the repeal of a law or a
usage.
Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being repealable.
Re*peal"a*ble (r?-p?l"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repealed. --
Re*peal"a*ble*ness, n.
Syn. -- Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible.
Re*peal"er (-?r), n. One who
repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an advocate for
the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great Britain and
Ireland.
Re*peal"ment (-ment), n.
Recall, as from banishment. [Obs.]
Re*peat" (-p?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repeated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Repeating.] [F.
r\'82p\'82ter, L. repetere; pref.
re- re- + petere to fall upon, attack. See
Petition.]
1. To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter
again; to iterate; to recite; as, to repeat an
effort, an order, or a poem. \'bdI will
repeat our former communication.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Not well conceived of God; who, though his power
Creation could repeat, yet would be loth
Us to abolish.
Milton.
2. To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter
again. [Obs.]
Waller.
3. (Scots Law) To repay or refund (an
excess received).
To repeat one's self, to do or say what one
has already done or said. -- To repeat signals,
to make the same signals again; specifically, to communicate,
by repeating them, the signals shown at headquarters.
Syn. -- To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate;
rehearse; recapitulate. See Reiterate.
Re*peat" (r?-p?t"), n. 1.
The act of repeating; repetition.
2. That which is repeated; as, the
repeat of a pattern; that is, the repetition of the
engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is produced
(as in calico printing, etc.).
3. (Mus.) A mark, or series of dots,
placed before and after, or often only at the end of, a passage
to be repeated in performance.
Re*peat"ed*ly, adv. More than once;
again and again; indefinitely.
Re*peat"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, repeats. Specifically: (a) A
watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring,
will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters.
(b) A repeating firearm. (c)
(Teleg.) An instrument for resending a
telegraphic message automatically at an intermediate
point.<-- or a telephone signal --> (d) A
person who votes more than once at an election.
[U.S.] (e) See Circulating
decimal, under Decimal. (f)
(Naut.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain
flag in a hoist of signal is duplicated.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Re*peat"ing, a. Doing the same thing
over again; accomplishing a given result many times in
succession; as, a repeating firearm; a
repeating watch.
Repeating circle. See the Note under
Circle, n., 3. -- Repeating
decimal (Arith.), a circulating decimal. See
under Decimal. -- Repeating firearm,
a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick
succession; especially: (a) A form of firearm
so constructed that by the action of the mechanism the charges
are successively introduced from a chamber containing them into
the breech of the barrel, and fired. (b) A form
in which the charges are held in, and discharged from, a
revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel. See
Revolver, and Magazine gun, under
Magazine.<-- also called automatic weapon --> --
Repeating instruments (Astron. & Surv.),
instruments for observing angles, as a circle, theodolite,
etc., so constructed that the angle may be measured several times
in succession, and different, but successive and contiguous,
portions of the graduated limb, before reading off the aggregate
result, which aggregate, divided by the number of measurements,
gives the angle, freed in a measure from errors of eccentricity
and graduation. -- Repeating watch. See
Repeater (a)
Rep"e*da"tion (r?p`?-da"sh?n), n.
[L. repedare to step back; pref. re-
re- + pes, pedis, foot.] A
stepping or going back. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Re**pel" (r?-p?l"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repelled
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repelling.] [L. repellere,
repulsum; pref. re- re- +
pellere to drive. See Pulse a beating, and
cf. Repulse, Repeal.] 1. To
drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to
repulse as, to repel an enemy or an assailant.
Hippomedon repelled the hostile tide.
Pope.
They repelled each other strongly, and yet
attracted each other strongly.
Macaulay.
2. To resist or oppose effectually; as, to
repel an assault, an encroachment, or an
argument.
[He] gently repelled their entreaties.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse.
Re*pel", v. i. To act with force in
opposition to force impressed; to exercise repulsion.
{ Re*pel"lence (-lens),
Re*pel"len*cy (-len-s?), }
n. The principle of repulsion; the quality or
capacity of repelling; repulsion.
Re*pel"lent (-lent), a.
[L. repellens, -entis, p. pr. ]
Driving back; able or tending to repel.
Re*pel"lent, n. 1. That which
repels.
2. (Med.) A remedy to repel from a
tumefied part the fluids which render it tumid.
Dunglison.
3. A kind of waterproof cloth.
Knight.
Re*pel"ler (-l?r), n. One who,
or that which, repels.
Re"pent (r?"p?nt), a. [L.
repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of
repere to creep.] 1. (Bot.)
Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Reptant.
Re*pent" (r?-p?nt"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Repented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Repenting.] [F.
se repentir; L. pref. re- re- +
poenitere to make repent, poenitet me it
repents me, I repent. See Penitent.] 1.
To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or
omitted to do.
First she relents
With pity; of that pity then repents.
Dryden.
2. To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on
account of regret or dissatisfaction.
Lest, peradventure, the people repent when they see
war, and they return to Egypt.
Ex. xiii. 17.
3. (Theol.) To be sorry for sin as
morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to love and
practice sin.
Except ye repent, ye shall likewise perish.
Luke xii. 3.
Re*pent", v. t. 1. To feel pain
on account of; to remember with sorrow.
I do repent it from my very soul.
Shak.
<-- p. 1220 -->
2. To feel regret or sorrow; -- used
reflexively.
My father has repented him ere now.
Dryden.
3. To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used
impersonally. [Archaic] \'bdAnd it
repented the Lord that he had made man on the
earth.\'b8
Gen. vi. 6.
Re*pent"ance (r?-p?nt"ans),
n. [F. repentance.] The act
of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one
has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for sin.
Chaucer.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.
2. Cor. vii. 20.
Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion
from sin to God.
Hammond.
Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from the
conviction that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear, and anxiety
are properly not parts, but adjuncts, of repentance;
yet they are too closely connected with it to be easily
separated.
Rambler.
Syn. -- Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness;
compunction. See Contrition.
Re*pent"ant (-ant), a.
[F. repentant.] 1. Penitent;
sorry for sin.
Chaucer.
Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood.
Millton.
2. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as,
repentant tears; repentant ashes.
\'bdRepentant sighs and voluntary pains.\'b8
Pope.
Re*pent"ant, n. One who repents,
especially one who repents of sin; a penitent.
Re*pent"ant*ly, adv. In a repentant
manner.
Re*pent"er (-?r), n. One who
repents.
Re*pent"ing*ly, adv. With repentance;
penitently.
Re*pent"less, a. Unrepentant.
[R.]
Re*peo"ple (r?-p?"p'l), v. t.
[Pref. re- + people: cf. F.
repeupler.] To people anew.
Re`per*cep"tion (r?`p?r-s?p"sh?n),
n. The act of perceiving again; a repeated
perception of the same object.
No external praise can give me such a glow as my own solitary
reperception and ratification of what is fine.
Keats.
Re`per*cuss" (-k?s"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repercussed
(-k?st");p. pr. & vb. n.
Repercussing.] [L.
repercusus, p. p. of repercutere to drive
back; pref. re- re- + percutere. See
Percussion.] To drive or beat back; hence, to
reflect; to reverberate.
Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to
repercuss such a light as I could hardly look
against.
Evelyn.
Re`per*cus"sion (-k?sh"?n), n.
[L. repercussio: cf. F.
r\'82percussion.] 1. The act of
driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection;
reverberation; as, the repercussion of
sound.
Ever echoing back in endless repercussion.
Hare.
2. (Mus.) Rapid reiteration of the same
sound.
3. (Med.) The subsidence of a tumor or
eruption by the action of a repellent.
Dunglison.
4. (Obstetrics) In a vaginal
examination, the act of imparting through the uterine wall with
the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and
falls back again against the examining finger.
Re`per*cuss"ive (-k?s"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82percussif.]
1. Tending or able to repercuss; having the power
of sending back; causing to reverberate.
Ye repercussive rocks! repeat the sound.
W. Pattison.
2. Repellent. [Obs.] \'bdBlood
is stanched by astringent and repecussive
medicines.\'b8
Bacon.
3. Driven back; rebounding; reverberated.
\'bdRages loud the repercussive roar.\'b8
Thomson.
Re`per*cuss"ive, n. A repellent.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Rep`er*ti"tious (r?p`?r-t?sh"?s), a.
[L. reperticius. See Repertory.]
Found; gained by finding. [Obs.]
\'d8R/`per`toire" (F. r?`p?r`tw?r"; E.
r?p"?r-tw?r), n. [F. See
Repertory.] A list of drams, operas, pieces,
parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is
prepared to perform.
Rep"er*to*ry (r?p"?r-t?-r?), n.
[L. repertorium, fr. reperire to find
again; pref. re- re + parire,
parere, to bring forth, procure: cf. F.
r\'82pertoire. Cf. Parent.]
1. A place in which things are disposed in an
orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of
a book, a commonplace book, or the like.
2. A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse.
3. Same as R\'82pertoire.
Re`pe*rus"al (r?`p?-r?z"al),
n. A second or repeated perusal.
Re`pe*ruse" (-r?z"), v. t. To
peruse again.
Ld. Lytton.
Rep`e*tend (r?p`?-t?nd"), n.
[L. repetendus to be repeated, fr.
repetere to repeat.] (Math.)
That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually,
ad infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the
first and last /igures; thus, in the circulating decimal
.728328328 + (otherwise .7283), the repetend is
283.
Rep`e*ti"tion (r?p`?-t?sh"?n), n.
[L. repetitio: cf. F.
r\'82p\'82tition. See Repeat.]
1. The act of repeating; a doing or saying again;
iteration.
I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults, with
surplus to tire in repetition.
Shak.
2. Recital from memory; rehearsal.
3. (Mus.) The act of repeating, singing,
/ playing, the same piece or part a second time; reiteration of
a note.
4. (Rhet.) Reiteration, or repeating the
same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose
of making a deeper impression on the audience.
5. (Astron. & Surv.) The measurement of
an angle by successive observations with a repeating
instrument.
Syn. -- Iteration; rehearsal. See Tautology.
{ Rep`e*ti"tion*al (-al).
Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry (-?-r?) },
a. Of the nature of, or containing,
repetition. [R.]
Rep`e*ti"tion*er (-?r), n. One
who repeats. [Obs.]
Rep`e*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a.
Repeating; containing repetition. [U.S.]
Dr. T. Dwight.
Re*pet"i*tive (r?-p?t"?-t?v), a.
Containing repetition; repeating. [R.]
\'d8Rep"e*ti`tor (r?p"?-t?`t?r), n.
[Cf. L. repetitor a reclaimer.]
(Ger.Univ.) A private instructor.
Re*pine" (r?-p?n"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + pine to languish.]
1. To fail; to wane. [Obs.]
\'bdReppening courage yields no foot to foe.\'b8
Spenser.
2. To continue pining; to feel inward discontent
which preys on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to
murmur.
But Lachesis thereat gan to repine.
Spenser.
What if the head, the eye, or ear repined
To serve mere engines to the ruling mind?
Pope.
Re*pine", n. Vexation;
mortification. [Obs.]
Shak.
Re*pin"er (r?-p?n"?r), n. One
who repines.
Re*pin"ing*ly, adv. With repening or
murmuring.
\'d8Rep"kie (r?p"k?), n. [From
the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any edible sea
urchin. [Alaska]
Re*place" (r?-pl?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + place: cf. F.
replacer.] 1. To place again; to
restore to a former place, position, condition, or the
like.
The earl . . . was replaced in his government.
Bacon.
2. To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to
replace a sum of money borrowed.
3. To supply or substitute an equivalent for;
as, to replace a lost document.
With Israel, religion replaced morality.
M. Arnold.
4. To take the place of; to supply the want of; to
fulfull the end or office of.
This duty of right intention does not replace or
supersede the duty of consideration.
Whewell.
5. To put in a new or different place.
replace
instead of displace, supersede, take
the place of, as in the third and fourth definitions, is
often disputed on account of etymological discrepancy; but the
use has been sanctioned by the practice of careful
writers.
Replaced crystal (Crystallog.), a
crystal having one or more planes in the place of its edges or
angles.
Re*place`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The quality, state, or degree of being
replaceable.
Re*place"a*ble (r?-pl?s"?-b'l), a.
1. Capable or admitting of being put back into a
place.
2. Admitting of having its place supplied by a like
thing or an equivalent; as, the lost book is
replaceable.
3. (Chem.) Capable of being replaced
(by), or of being exchanged (for); as, the hydrogen of acids
is replaceable by metals or by basic
radicals.
Re*place"ment (-ment), n.
1. The act of replacing.
2. (Crystallog.) The removal of an edge
or an angle by one or more planes.
Re*plait" (r?-pl?t"), v. t. To
plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another, again and
again.
Re*plant" (rE-pl?nt"), v. t. To
plant again.
Re*plant"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
That may be planted again.
Re`plan*ta"tion (r?`pl?n-t?"sh?n),
n. The act of planting again; a replanting.
[R.]
Hallywell.
Re*plead" (r?-pl?d"), v. t. & i.
To plead again.
Re*plead"er (-?r), n.
(Law) A second pleading, or course of pleadings;
also, the right of pleading again.
Whenever a repleader is granted, the pleadings must
begin de novo.
Blackstone.
Re*plen"ish (r?-pl?n"?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Replenished
(-?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replenishing.] [OE.
replenissen, OF. replenir; L. pref.
re- re- + plenus full. See Full,
-ish, and cf. Replete.] 1.
To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to
stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound.
Multiply and replenish the earth.
Gen. i. 28.
The waters thus
With fish replenished, and the air with fowl.
Milton.
2. To finish; to complete; to perfect.
[Obs.]
We smothered
The most replenished sweet work of nature.
Shak.
Re*plen"ish, v. i. To recover former
fullness. [Obs.]
The humors will not replenish so soon.
Bacon.
Re*plen"ish*er (-?r), n. One
who replenishes.
Re*plen"ish*ment (-ment),
n. 1. The act of replenishing, or the
state of being replenished.
2. That which replenishes; supply.
Cowper.
Re*plete" (r?-pl?t"), a. [L.
repletus, p. p. of replere to fill again,
fill up; pref. re- re- + plere to fill,
akin to plenus full: cf. F. replet
corpulent. See Plenty, Replenish.]
Filled again; completely filled; full; charged;
abounding. \'bdHis words replete with guile.\'b8
Milton.
When he of wine was replet at his feast.
Chaucer.
In heads repiete with thoughts of other men.
Cowper.
Re*plete", v. t. To fill completely, or
to satiety. [R.]
Re*plete"ness, n. The state of being
replete.
Re*ple"tion (r?-pl?"sh?n), n.
[L. repletio a filling up: cf. F.
r\'82pl\'82tion. See Replete.]
1. The state of being replete; superabundant
fullness.
The tree had too much repletion, and was oppressed
with its own sap.
Bacon.
Replecioun [overeating] ne made her never sick.
Chaucer.
2. (Med.) Fullness of blood;
plethora.
Re*ple"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82pl\'82tif.] Tending to make replete;
filling. -- Re*ple"tive*ly,
adv.
Re*ple"to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Repletive. [R.]
Re*plev"i*a*ble (r?-pl?v"?-?-b'l),
a. [See Replevy.] (Law)
Capable of being replevied.
Re*plev"in (-?n), n. [LL.
replevina. See Replevy, and cf.
Plevin.] 1. (Law) A
personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and
chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a
remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may
generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or
detention.
Bouvier.
2. The writ by which goods and chattles are
replevied.
Re*plev"in, v. t. (Law) To
replevy.
Re*plev"i*sa*ble (-?-s?-b'l), a.
[OF. replevisable.] Repleviable.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*plev"y (-?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Replevied
(-?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replevying.] [OF. replevir,
LL. replevire. See Pledge,
Replevin.] 1. (Law) To
take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and chattels
wrongfuly taken or detained), upon giving security to try the
right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined
against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied.
2. (Old Eng.LAw) To bail.
Spenser.
Re*plev"y (r?-pl?v"?), n.
Replevin.
Mozley & W.
\'d8Rep"li*ca (r?p"l?-k?), n.
[It. See Reply, v. & n.]
1. (Fine Arts) A copy of a work of art,
as of a picture or satue, made by the maker of the
original.
2. (Mus.) Repetition.
Rep"li*cant (r?p"l?-kant),
n. One who replies.
Rep"li*cate (-?-k?t), v. t. To
reply. [Obs.]
{ Rep"li*cate (l?-k?t),
Rep"li*ca`ted (-k?`t?d), } a.
[L. replicatus, p. p. of replicare.
See Reply.] Folded over or backward; folded
back upon itself; as, a replicate leaf or petal; a
replicate margin of a shell.
Rep`li*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n.
[L. replicatio. See Reply.]
1. An answer; a reply.
Shak.
Withouten any repplicacioun.
Chaucer.
2. (Law Pleadings) The reply of the
plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.
3. Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
To hear the replication of your sounds.
Shak.
4. A repetition; a copy.
<-- 5. (Biochem.) The copying by enzymes of a cell's genome,
i.e. the DNA or RNA comprising its genetic material, to form an
identical genome. This is an essential step in the division of
one cell into two. This differs from tanscription, which is the
copying of only part of the genetic information of a cell's
genome into RNA, as in in the processes of biosynthesis of
messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA. -->
Farrar.
Syn. -- Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.
Re*pli"er (r?-pl?"?r), n. One
who replies.
Bacon.
\'d8Re"plum (r?"pl?m), n. [L.,
doorcase.] (Bot.) The framework of some
pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop
off.
Gray.
Re*ply" (r?-pl?"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Replied
(-pl?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replying.] [OE. replien, OF.
replier, F. r\'82pliquer, fr. L.
replicare to fold back, make a reply; pref.
re- re- + plicare to fold. See
Ply, and cf. Replica.] 1.
To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to
answer.
O man, who art thou that repliest against God?
Rom. ix. 20.
2. (Law) To answer a defendant's
plea.
3. Figuratively, to do something in return for
something done; as, to reply to a signal; to
reply to the fire of a battery.
Syn. -- To answer; respond; rejoin.
Re*ply", v. t. To return for an
answer.
Milton.
Lords, vouchsafe
To give me hearing what I shall reply.
Shak.
Re*ply", n.; pl. Replies
(-pl/z"). [See Reply, v.
i., and cf. Replica.] That which is
said, written, or done in answer to what is said, written, or
done by another; an answer; a response.
Syn. -- Answer; rejoinder; response. --
Reply, Rejoinder, Answer. A
reply is a distinct response to a formal question or
attack in speech or writing. A rejoinder is a second
reply (a reply to a reply) in a protracted discussion or
controversy. The word answer is used in two senses,
namely (1), in the most general sense of a mere response; as, the
answer to a question; or (2), in the sense of a
decisive and satisfactory confutation of an adversary's argument,
as when we speak of a triumphant answer to the speech
or accusations of an opponent. Here the noun corresponds to a
frequent use of the verb, as when we say. \'bdThis will
answer (i.e., fully meet) the end in view;\'b8 \'bdIt
answers the purpose.\'b8
Re*ply"er (-?r), n. See
Replier.
Bacon.
Re*pol"ish (r?-p?l"?sh), v. t.
To polish again.
Re*pone" (r?-p?n"), v. t. [L.
reponere; pref. re- re- + ponere
to place.] To replace.
R. Baillie.
Re*pop`u*la"tion (r?*p?p`?*l?"sh?n),
n. The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with
a population anew.
Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reported; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reporting.] [F.
reporter to carry back, carry (cf.
rapporter; see Rapport), L.
reportare to bear or bring back; pref. re-
re- + portare to bear or bring. See Port
bearing, demeanor.] 1. To refer.
[Obs.]
Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so like unto him
that we report the reader to the character of King
Almeric, and will spare the repeating his description.
Fuller.
2. To bring back, as an answer; to announce in
return; to relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent
to examine, explore, or investigate; as, a messenger
reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained;
the committee reported progress.
There is no man that may reporten all.
Chaucer.
3. To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to
circulate publicly, as a story; as, in the common phrase, it
is reported.
Shak.
It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith
it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel.
Neh. vi. 6.
4. To give an official account or statement of;
as, a treasurer reperts the recepts and
expenditures.
5. To return or repeat, as sound; to echo.
[Obs. or R.] \'bdA church with windowss only form
above, that reporteth the voice thirteen
times.\'bd
Bacon.
6. (Parliamentary Practice) To return or
present as the result of an examination or consideration of any
matter officially referred; as, the committee
reported the bill witth amendments, or reported
a new bill, or reported the results of an
inquiry.
7. To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings
of a public body; to write down from the lips of a speaker.
8. To write an account of for publication, as in a
newspaper; as, to report a public celebration or a
horse race.
9. To make a statement of the conduct of,
especially in an unfavorable sense; as, to report a
servant to his employer.
To be reported, To be reported
of, to be spoken of; to be mentioned, whether
favorably or unfavorably. Acts xvi. 2. -- To
report one's self, to betake one's self, as to a
superior or one to whom service is due, and be in readiness to
receive orders or do service.
Syn. -- To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe.
Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), v. i.
1. To make a report, or response, in respect of a
matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected;
as, the committee will report at twelve
o'clock.
2. To furnish in writing an account of a speech,
the proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an occurrence,
etc., for publication.
<-- p. 1221 -->
3. To present one's self, as to a superior officer,
or to one to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for
orders or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's
address, condition, etc.; as, the officer reported
to the general for duty; to report weekly by
letter.
Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), n. [Cf. F.
rapport. See Report.v. t.]
1. That which is reported. Specifically:
(a) An account or statement of the results of
examination or inquiry made by request or direction;
relation. \'bdFrom Thetis sent as spies to make
report.\'b8 Waller. (b) A
story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence,
fame; repute; reputation.
It was a true report that I heard in mine own land
of thy acts and of thy wisdom.
1 Kings x. 6.
Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . . of good
report among all the nation of the Jews.
Acts x. 22.
(c) Sound; noise; as, the report of a
pistol or cannon. (d) An official statement
of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in writing
of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his
superiors; as, the reports of the heads af
departments to Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of
committees to a legislative body, and the like.
(e) An account or statement of a judicial opinion
or decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law,
chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such
reports; as, Coke's Reports. (f)
A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate,
or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body,
etc.
2. Rapport; relation; connection; reference.
[Obs.]
The corridors worse, having no report to the wings
they join to.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- Account; relation; narration; detail; description;
recital; narrative; story; rumor; hearsay.
Re*port"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable or admitting of being reported.
Re*port"age (-?j), n. SAme as
Report. [Obs.]
Re*port"er (-?r), n. One who
reports. Specifically: (a) An officer or person who
makees authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or
of legislative debates. (b) One who reports speeches,
the proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the
newspapers.
Of our tales judge and reportour.
Chaucer.
Re*port"ing*ly, adv. By report or common
fame.
Re`por*to"ri*al (r?`p?r-t?"r?-al),
a. Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters;
as, the reportorial staff of a newspaper.
Re*pos"al (r?-p?z"al), n.
[From Repose.] 1. The act or
state of reposing; as, the reposal of a
trust.
Shak.
2. That on which one reposes.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Re*pos"ance (-ans), n.
Reliance. [Obs.]
John Hall.
Re*pose" (r?-p?z") v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reposed
(-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reposing.] [F. reposer; L.
pref. re- re- + pausare to pause. See
Pause, Pose, v.] 1.
To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit;
to lay down; to lodge; to reposit. [Obs.]
But these thy fortunes let us straight repose
In this divine cave's bosom.
Chapman.
Pebbles reposed in those cliffs amongst the earth .
. . are left behind.
Woodward.
2. To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to
compose; to rest, -- often reflexive; as, to repose
one's self on a couch.
All being settled and reposed, the lord archibishop
did present his majesty to the lords and commons.
Fuller.
After the toil of battle to repose
Your wearied virtue.
Milton.
3. To place, have, or rest; to set; to
intrust.
The king reposeth all his confidence in thee.
Shak.
Re*pose", v. i. 1. To lie at
rest; to rest.
Within a thicket I reposed.
Chapman.
2. Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully
without anxiety or alarms.
It is upon these that the soul may repose.
I. Taylor.
3. To lie; to be supported; as, trap
reposing on sand.
Syn. -- To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge;
abide.
Re*pose", n. [F. repos. See
Repose, v.] 1. A lying at
rest; sleep; rest; quiet.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose.
Shak.
2. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from
uneasiness; also, a composed manner or deportment.
3. (Poetic) A rest; a pause.
4. (Fine Arts) That harmony or
moderation which affords rest for the eue; -- opposed to the
scattering and division of a subject into too many unconnected
parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; as, a
painting may want repose.
Angle of repose (Physics), the
inclination of a plane at which a body placed on the plane would
remain at rest, or if in motion would roll or side down with
uniform velocity; the angle at which the various kinds of earth
will stand when abandoned to themselves.
Syn. -- Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet;
quietness; tranquillity; peace.
Re*posed" (r?-p?zd"), a.
Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. Bacon. --
Re*pos"ed*ly (r/-p/z"/d-l/),
adv. -- Re*pos"ed*ness,
n.
Re*pose"ful (r?-p?z"f?l), a.
Full of repose; quiet.
Re*pos"er (r?-p?z"?r), n. One
who reposes.
Re*pos"it (r?-p?z"?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reposited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Repositing.] [L.
repositus, p. p. of reponere to put back;
pref. re- re- + ponere to put. See
Position.] To cause to rest or stay; to lay
away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to
store.
Others reposit their young in holes.
Derham.
Re`po*si"tion (r?`p?*z?sh"?n), n.
[L. repositio.] The act of repositing;
a laying up.
Re*pos"i*tor (r?*p?z"?*t?r), n.
(Surg.) An instrument employed for replacing a
displaced organ or part.
Re*pos"i*to*ry (r?*p?z"?*t$*r?), n.
[L. repositorium, repostorium: cf. OF.
repositoire.] A place where things are or
may be reposited, or laid up, for safety or preservation; a
depository.
Locke.
Re`pos*sess" (r?"p?z*z?s" ,
v. t. To possess again; as, to
repossess the land.
Pope.
To repossess one's self of (something), to
acquire again (something lost).
Re`pos*ses"sion (r?`p?z-z?sh"?n , n. The act or the state of
possessing again.
Re*po"sure (r?-p?"sh?r; 135), n.
Rest; quiet.
In the reposure of most soft content.
Marston.
Re*pour" (r?-p?r"), v. t. To
pour again.
\'d8Re*pous`s\'82" (re -p??`s?"),
a. [F., p. p. of repousser to thrust
back; pref re- + pousser to push. See
Push.] (a) Formed in relief, as a
pattern on metal. (b) Ornamented with
patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering on the reverse
side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of thin
metal. -- n. Repouss\'82
work.
Repouss\'82 work, ornamentation of metal in
relief by pressing or hammering on the reverse side.
Re*prefe" (r?-pr?f"), n.
Reproof. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rep`re*hend" (r?p`r?-h?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reprehended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reprehending.] [L.
reprehendere, reprehensum, to hold back,
seize, check, blame; pref. re- re- +
prehendere to lay hold of. See Prehensile,
and cf. Reprisal. ] To reprove or reprimand
with a view of restraining, checking, or preventing; to make
charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to
censure.
Chaucer.
Aristippus being reprehended of luxury by one that
was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish.
Bacon.
Pardon me for reprehending thee.
Shak.
In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . . . are
severely reprehended.
Dryden.
I nor advise nor reprehend the choice.
J. Philips.
Rep`re*hend"er (-?r), n. One
who reprehends.
Rep`re*hen"si*ble (-h?n"s?-b'l), a.
[L. reprehensibilis: cf. F.
r\'82pr\'82hensible.] Worthy of
reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable. --
Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. --
Rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.
Rep`re*hen"sion (-sh?n), n. [L.
reprehensio: cf. F.
r\'82pr\'82hension.] Reproof; censure;
blame; disapproval.
This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him a
secret reprehension that he had not showed more
gratefulness to Dorus.
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- Censure; reproof; reprimand. See
Admonition.
Rep`re*hen"sive (-h?n"s?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82pr\'82hensif.] Containing
reprehension; conveying reproof.
South.
-- Rep`re*hen"sive*ly,
adv.
Rep`re*hen"so*ry (-s?-r?), a.
Containing reproof; reprehensive; as,
reprehensory complaint.
Johnson.
Re`-pre*sent" (r?`pr?-z?nt"), v. t.
To present again; as, to re-present the points
of an argument.
Rep`re*sent" (r?p`r?-z?nt"), v. t.
[F. repr/senter, L. repraesentare,
repraesentatum; pref. re- re- +
preesentare to place before, present. See
Present, v. t.] 1. To
present again or anew; to present by means of something standing
in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to
typify.
Before him burn
Seven lamps, as in a zodiac representing
The heavenly fires.
Milton.
2. To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to
delineate; as, to represent a landscape in a
picture, a horse in bronze, and the like.
3. To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to
act the part or character of; to personate; as, to
represent Hamlet.
4. To stand in the place of; to supply the place,
perform the duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share,
of; to speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part
of (another); as, an heir represents his ancestor;
an attorney represents his client in court; a member of
Congress represents his district in Congress.
5. To exhibit to another mind in language; to show;
to give one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before
the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of; to
describe.
He represented Rizzio's credit with the queen to be
the chief and only obstacle to his success in that demand.
Robertson.
This bank is thought the greatest load on the Genoese, and the
managers of it have been represented as a second kind
of senate.
Addison.
6. To serve as a sign or symbol of; as,
mathematical symbols represent quantities or relations;
words represent ideas or things.
7. To bring a sensation of into the mind or
sensorium; to cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to
present.
Among these. Fancy next
Her office holds; of all external things
Which he five watchful senses represent,
She forms imaginations, aery shapes.
Milton.
8. (Metaph.) To form or image again in
consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension
(something which was originally apprehended by direct
presentation). See Presentative,3.
The general capability of knowledge necessarily requires that,
besides the power of evoking out of unconsciousness one portion
of our retained knowledge in preference to another, we posses the
faculty of representing in consciousness what is thus
evoked . . . This representative Faculty is Imagination or
Phantasy.
Sir. W. Hamilton.
Rep`re*sent"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being represented.
Rep`re*sent"ance (-ans), n.
Representation; likeness. [Obs.]
Donne.
Rep`re*sent"ant (-ant), a.
[Cf. F. repr/sentant.] Appearing or
acting for another; representing.
Rep`re*sent"ant, n. [F.
representant.] A representative.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Rep`re*sen*ta"tion (-z?n-t?"sh?n),
n. [F. repr/sentation, L.
representatio.] 1. The act of
representing, in any sense of the verb.
2. That which represents. Specifically:
(a) A likeness, a picture, or a model; as, a
representation of the human face, or figure, and the
like. (b) A dramatic performance;
as, a theatrical representation; a
representation of Hamlet. (c) A
description or statement; as, the representation of
an historian, of a witness, or an advocate.
(d) The body of those who act as representatives of
a community or society; as, the representation of a
State in Congress. (e) (Insurance
Law) Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or
in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or
either party is influenced.
3. The state of being represented.
Syn. -- Description; show; delineaton; portraiture;
likeness; resemblance; exhibition; sight.
Re-pres`en*ta"tion (r?-prez`?n-t?"sh?n),
n. [See Re-present.] The act
of re-presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new
presentation; as, re-presentation of facts
previously stated.
Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry
(r?p`r?--z?n-t?"sh?n-?-r?), a. Implying
representation; representative. [R.]
Rep`re*sent"a*tive (-z?nt`?-t?v), a.
[Cf. F. repr/sentatif.] 1.
Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude.
2. Bearing the character or power of another;
acting for another or others; as, a council
representative of the people.
Swift.
3. Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act
as deputies for, the people; as, a representative
government.
4. (Nat.Hist.) (a) Serving or
fitted to present the full characters of the type of a group;
typical; as, a representative genus in a
family. (b) Similar in general
appearance, structure, and habits, but living in different
regions; -- said of certain species and varieties.
5. (Metaph.) Giving, or existing as, a
transcript of what was originally presentative knowledge; as,
representative faculties; representative
knowledge. See Presentative, 3 and
Represent, 8.
Rep`re*sent"a*tive, n. [Cf. LL.
repraesentativus.]
1. One who, or that which, represents (anything);
that which exhibits a likeness or similitude.
A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was
the representative of Credulity.
Addison.
Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes that the
perfections of God are the representatives to us of
whatever we perceive in the creatures.
Locke.
2. An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies
the place of another, or others, being invested with his or their
authority.
3. (Law) One who represents, or stands
in the place of, another.
representative of a deceased person, and is
sometimes called the legal representative, or the
personal representative. The heir is sometimes called
the real representative of his deceased ancestor. The
heirs and executors or administrators of a deceased person are
sometimes compendiously described as his real and
personal representatives.
Wharton. Burrill.
4. A member of the lower or popular house in a
State legislature, or in the national Congress.
[U.S.]
5. (Nat.Hist.) (a) That which
presents the full character of the type of a group.
(b) A species or variety which, in any region,
takes the place of a similar one in another region.
Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly, adv. In a
representative manner; vicariously.
Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness, n. The quality
or state of being representative.
Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended with
conssciousness and representativeness.
Spectator.
Rep`re*sent"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who shows, exhibits, or describes.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A representative. [Obs.]
Swift.
Rep`re*sent"ment (-ment),
n. Representation. [Obs.]
Re*press" (r?-pr?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + press.] To
press again.
Re*press" (r?-pr?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + press: cf. L. reprimere,
repressum. Cf. Reprimand.] 1.
To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to
quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress
sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of
discontent.
2. Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep
back.
Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . .
Thou couldst repress.
Milton.
Syn. -- To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain;
quell; curb; check.
Re*press", n. The act of
repressing. [Obs.]
Re*press"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, represses.
Re*press"i*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repressed.
Re*pres"sion (r?-pr?sh"?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82pression.]
1. The act of repressing, or state of being
repressed; as, the repression of evil and evil
doers.
2. That which represses; check; restraint.
Re*press"ive (r?-pr?s"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82pressif. LL.
repressivus.] Having power, or tending, to
repress; as, repressive acts or measures.
-- Re*press"ive*ly,
adv.
Re*prev"a*ble (r?-pr?v"?-b'l), a.
Reprovable. [Obs.]
Re*preve" (r?-pr?v"), v. t.
[See Reprieve, v. t.] To
reprove. [Obs.] \'bdRepreve him of
his vice.\'b8
Chaucer.
Re*preve", n. Reproof.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*priefe" (r?-pr?f"), n.
Repreve. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*priev"al (r?-pr?v"al),
n. Reprieve.
Overbury.
Re*prieve (r?-pr?v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reprieved
(-pr?vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprieving.] [OE. repreven
to reject, disallow, OF. reprover to blame, reproach,
condemn (pres. il reprueve), F.
r\'82prouver to disapprove, fr. L.
reprobare to reject, condemn; pref. re- re-
+ probare to try, prove. See Prove, and
cf. Reprove, Reprobate.]
1. To delay the punishment of; to suspend the
execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite;
as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty
days.
He reprieves the sinnner from time to time.
Rogers.
2. To relieve for a time, or temporarily.
Company, thought it may reprieve a man from his
melaneholy yet can not secure him from his conscience.
South.
<-- p. 1222 -->
Re*prieve" (r?-pr?v"), n.
1. A temporary suspension of the execution of a
sentence, especially of a sentence of death.
The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve
was sent to suspend the execution for three days.
Clarendon.
2. Interval of ease or relief; respite.
All that I ask is but a short reprieve,
ll I forget to love, and learn to grieve.
Denham.
Rep"ri*mand (r?p"r?-m?nd), n.
[F. r\'82primande, fr. L.
reprimendus, reprimenda, that is to be
checked or suppressed, fr. reprimere to check,
repress; pref. re- re + premere to press.
See Press, and cf. Repress.] Severe
or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public.
Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp reprimand for
her treatment of him.
Macaulay.
Rep"ri*mand, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reprimanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprimanding.] [Cf. F.
r\'82primander. See Reprimand,
n.] 1. To reprove severely; to
reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally.
Germanicus was severely reprimanded by Tiberius for
traveling into Egypt without his permission.
Arbuthnot.
2. To reprove publicly and officially, in execution
of a sentence; as, the court ordered him to be
reprimanded.
Syn. -- To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure;
blame. See Reprove.
Rep"ri*mand`er (-m?nd`?r), n.
One who reprimands.
Re*prim"er (r?-pr?m"?r), n.
(Firearms) A machine or implement for applying
fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be
used again.
Re*print" (r?-pr?nt"), v. t.
1. To print again; to print a second or a new
edition of.
2. To renew the impression of.
The whole business of our redemption is . . . to
reprint God's image upon the soul.
South.
Re"print` (r?"pr?nt`), n. A
second or a new impression or edition of any printed work;
specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously
published in another.
Re*print"er (r?-pr?nt"?r), n.
One who reprints.
Re*pris"al (r?-priz"al), n.
[F. repr/saille, It. ripresaglia,
rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L.
reprehendere, reprehensum. See
Reprehend, Reprise.] 1. The
act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or
indemnity.
Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals
continued to take place.
Macaulay.
2. Anything taken from an enemy in
retaliation.
3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting
suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation
for an act of inhumanity.
Vattel (Trans. )
4. Any act of retaliation.
Waterland.
Letters of marque and reprisal. See under
Marque.
Re*prise" (r?-pr?z"), n. [F.
reprise, fr. reprendre, repris,
to take back, L. reprehendere. See
Reprehend.]
1. A taking by way of retaliation.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
2. pl. (Law) Deductions and
duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, rent
seck, pensions, annuities, and the like. [Written
also reprizes.]
Burrill.
3. A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a
pirate.
Re*prise", v. t. [Written also
reprize.] 1. To take again; to
retake. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To recompense; to pay. [Obs.]
Re*pris"tin*ate (r?-pr?s"t?n-?t), v.
t. [Pref. re- +
pristine.] To restore to an original
state. [R.]
Shedd.
Re*pris`ti*na"tion (-t?-n?"sh?n), n.
Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity.
[R.]
R. Browning.
Re*prive" (r?-pr?v"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + L. privare to
deprive.] To take back or away.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*prive", v. t. To reprieve.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Re*prize" (-pr?z"), v. t. See
Reprise. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*priz"es (-pr?z"?z), n.pl.
(Law) See Repise, n.,
2.
Re*proach" (r?-pr?ch"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reproached
(-pr?cht"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reproaching.] [F. reprocher,
OF. reprochier, (assumed) LL. reproriare;
L. pref. re- again, against, back + prope
near; hence, originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth.
Cf. Approach.] 1. To come back to,
or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace
upon; to disgrace. [Obs.]
I thought your marriage fit; else imputation,
For that he knew you, might reproach your life.
Shak.
2. To attribute blame to; to allege something
disgracefull against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely
or contemptuously; to upbraid.
If ye be reproached for the name of Christ.
1 Peter iv. 14.
That this newcomer, Shame,
There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.
Milton.
Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed
His fainting friends, reproached their shameful
flight.
Repelled the victors.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn;
revile; vilify.
Re*proach", n. [F. reproche.
See Reproach, v.]
1. The act of reproaching; censure mingled with
contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person;
abusive reflections; as, severe reproach.
No reproaches even, even when pointed and barbed
with the sharpest wit, appeared to give him pain.
Macaulay.
Give not thine heritage to reproach.
Joel ii. 17.
2. A cause of blame or censure; shame;
disgrace.
3. An object of blame, censure, scorn, or
derision.
Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no
more a reproach.
Neh. ii. 17.
Syn. -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium;
invective; contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility;
insolence; insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;;
disgrace; infamy.
Re*proach"a*blr (-?-b'l), a.
[Cf. F. reprochable.]
1. Deserving reproach; censurable.
2. Opprobrius; scurrilous.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
-- Re*proach"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*proach"a*bly, adv.
Re*proach"er (-?r), n. One who
reproaches.
Re*proach"ful (-f?l), a. 1.
Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious;
abusive.
The reproachful speeches . . .
That he hath breathed in my dishonor here.
Shak.
2. Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful;
base; as, a reproachful life.
Syn. -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive;
insulting; contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous;
disreputable; discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful;
scandalous; base; vile; infamous.
-- Re*proach"ful*ly
(r/-pr/ch"f/l-l/), adv. --
Re*proach"ful*ness, n.
Re*proach"less, a. Being without
reproach.
Repp"ro*ba*cy (r?p"r?-b?-c?), n.
Reprobation. [R.]
Rep"ro*bance (-bans), n.
Reprobation. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), a. [L.
reprobatus, p. p. of reprobare to
disapprove, condemn. See Reprieve,
Reprove.]
1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard
purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected.
[Obs.]
Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the
Lord hath rejected them.
Jer. vi. 30.
2. Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally
abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved.
And strength, and art, are easily outdone
By spirits reprobate.
Milton.
3. Of or pertaining to one who is given up to
wickedness; as, reprobate conduct.
\'bdReprobate desire.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked;
profligate; base; vile. See Abandoned.
Rep"ro*bate, n. One morally abandoned
and lost.
I acknowledge myself for a reprobate, a villain, a
traitor to the king.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reprobated
(-b?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprobating.] 1. To disapprove
with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as
unworthy; to disallow; to reject.
Such an answer as this is reprobated and disallowed
of in law; I do not believe it, unless the deed appears.
Ayliffe.
Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was
reprobated by the other.
Macaulay.
2. To abandon to punishment without hope of
pardon.
Syn. -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon;
reject.
Rep"ro*bate*ness, n. The state of being
reprobate.
Rep"ro*ba`ter (-b?`t?r), n. One
who reprobates.
Rep`ro*ba"tion (-b?`sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82probation, or L.
reprobatio.] 1. The act of
reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or
censure.
The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually
soliciting an increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned
with becoming reprobation.
Jeffrey.
Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and
false coin.
Dryden.
2. (Theol.) The predestination of a
certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of
condemnation and punishment.
Rep`ro*ba"tion*er (-?r), n.
(Theol.) One who believes in reprobation. See
Reprobation,2.
South.
Rep"ro*ba*tive (-b?-t?v), a. Of
or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.
Rep"ro*ba`to*ry (-b?`t?-r?), a.
Reprobative.
Re`pro*duce" (r?`pr?-d?s"), v. t.
To produce again. Especially: (a) To
bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to
reproduce charges; to reproduce a
play. (b) To cause to exist again.
Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays
with those their colors are mixed again they reproduce
the same white light as before.
Sir I. Newton.
(c) To produce again, by generation or the like; to
cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or
nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as offspring;
as, to reproduce a rose; some animals are
reproduced by gemmation. (d) To
make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause to
exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; as, to
reproduce a person's features in marble, or on canvas;
to reproduce a design.
Re`pro*du"cer (-d?"s?r), n. One
who, or that which, reproduces.
Burke.
Re`pro*duc"tion (-d?k"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. reproduction.] 1. The
act or process of reproducing; the state of being
reproduced; specifically (Biol.), the
process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring.
asexual reproduction (agamogenesis) and
sexual reproduction (gamogenesis). In both cases
the new individual is developed from detached portions of the
parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation, fission,
etc.), the detached portions of the organism develop into new
individuals without the intervention of other living matter. In
sexual reproduction, the detached portion, which is always a
single cell, called the female germ cell, is acted
upon by another portion of living matter, the male germ
cell, usually from another organism, and in the fusion of
the two (impregnation) a new cell is formed, from the development
of which arises a new individual.
2. That which is reproduced.
Re`pro*duc"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf.
F. reproductif.] Tending, or pertaining, to
reproduction; employed in reproduction.
Lyell.
Re`pro*duc"to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Reproductive.
Re*proof" (r?-pr??f"), n. [OE.
reproef. See Proof, Reprove.]
1. Refutation; confutation; contradiction.
[Obs.]
2. An expression of blame or censure; especially,
blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding;
reproach.
Those best can bear reproof who merit praise.
Pope.
Syn. -- Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand;
rebuke; censure; blame. See Admonition.
Re*prov"a*ble (r?-pr??v"?-b'l), a.
[Cf. F. r<'82prouvable.] Worthy of
reproof or censure.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible;
culpable; rebukable.
--Re*prov"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*prov"a*bly, adv.
Re prov"al (-al), n.
Reproof.
Sir P. Sidney.
Re*prove" (r?-pr??v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reproved
(-pr??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reproving.] [F.
r\'82prouver, OF. reprover, fr. L.
reprobare. See Reprieve, Reprobate,
and cf. Reproof.] 1. To
convince. [Obs.]
When he is come, he will reprove the world of sin,
and of righteousness, and of judgment.
John xvi. 9.
2. To disprove; to refute.
[Obs.]
Reprove my allegation, if you can.
Shak.
3. To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse
as guilty; to censure.
What if thy son
Prove disobedient, and, reproved, retort,
\'bdWherefore didst thou beget me?\'b8
Milton.
4. To express disapprobation of; as, to
reprove faults.
He neither reproved the ordinance of John, neither
plainly condemned the fastings of the other men.
Udall.
Syn. -- To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame
censure. -- Reprove, Rebuke,
Reprimand. These words all signufy the expression of
disapprobation. To reprove implies greater calmness
and self-possession. To rebuke implies a more excited
and personal feeling. A reproof may be administered
long after the offience is committed, and is usually intended for
the reformation of the offender; a rebuke is commonly
given at the moment of the wrong, and is administered by way of
punishment and condemnation. A reprimand proceeds from
a person invested with authority, and is a formal and offiscial
act. A child is reproved for his faults, and
rebuked for his impudence. A military officer is
reprimanded for neglect or violation of duty.
Re*prov"er (r?-pr??v"?r), n.
One who, or that which, reproves.
Re*prov"ing*ly, adv. In a reproving
manner.
Re*prine" (r?-pr?n"), v. t. To
prune again or anew.
Yet soon reprunes her wing to soar anew.
Young.
Rep"-sil`ver (r?p"s?l`v?r), n.
[See Reap.] Money anciently paid by
servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service
of reaping his corn or grain.
Rep"tant (r?p"tant), a.
[L. reptans, -antis, p. pr. of
reptare, v. intens. from repere to creep.
See Reptile.]
1. (Bot.) Same as Repent.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Creeping; crawling; --
said of reptiles, worms, etc.
\'d8Rep*tan"ti*a (r?p-t?n"sh?-?),
n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
divisiom of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata.
Rep*ta"tion (r?p-t?"sh?n), n.
[L. reptatio, from reptare: cf. F.
reptation.] (Zo\'94l.) The act
of creeping.
Rep"ta*to*ry (r?p"t?-t?-r?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Creeping.
Rep"tile (r?p"t?l;277), a. [F.
reptile, L. reptilis, fr.
repere, reptum, to creep; cf. Lith.
reploti; perh. akin to L. serpere. Cf.
Serpent.] 1. Creeping; moving on the
belly, or by means of small and short legs.
2. Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a
reptile race or crew; reptile vices.
There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result
not of caution, but of fear.
Burke.
And dislodge their reptile souls
From the bodies and forms of men.
Coleridge.
Rep"tile, n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) An animal that crawls, or moves on its
belly, as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards,
and the like.
An inadvertent step may crush the snail
That crawls at evening in the public path;
But he that has humanity, forewarned,
Will tread aside, and let the reptile live.
Cowper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Reptilia, or
one of the Amphibia.
reptiles, though much
more closely allied to the fishes.
3. A groveling or very mean person.
\'d8Rep*til"i*a (r?p-t?l"?-?), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of
air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales
or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one
ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of
birds.
Rep*til"i*an (-an), a.
Belonging to the reptiles.
Reptilian age (Geol.), that part of
geological time comprising the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
periods, and distinguished as that era in which the class of
reptiles attained its highest expansion; -- called also the
Secondary or Mezozoic
age.
Rep*til"i*an, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Reptilia; a reptile.
Re*pub"lic (r?-p?b"l?k), n. [F.
r\'82publique, L. respublica commonwealth;
res a thing, an affair + publicus,
publica, public. See Real, a., and
Public.]
1. Common weal. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in
the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives
elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2.
aristocracy. In some there was a division of
authority between an aristocracy and the whole body of the people
except slaves. No existing republic recognizes an exclusive
privilege of any class to govern, or tolerates the institution of
slavery.
Republic of letters, The collective body of
literary or learned men.
<-- Democratic republic, a term much used by countries with a
Communist system of government. -->
Re*pub"lic*an (-l?-kan), a.
[F. r\'82publicain.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a republic.
The Roman emperors were republican magistrates
named by the senate.
Macaulay.
2. Consonant with the principles of a republic;
as, republican sentiments or opinions;
republican manners.
Republican party. (U.S. Politics)
(a) An earlier name of the Democratic party when it
was opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was its great
leader. (b) One of the existing great parties.
It was organized in 1856 by a combination of voters from other
parties for the purpose of opposing the extension of slavery, and
in 1860 it elected Abraham Lincoln president.
<-- p. 1223 -->
Re*pub"lic*an (r?-p?b"l?-kan),
n. 1. One who favors or prefers a
republican form of government.
2. (U.S.Politics) A member of the
Republican party.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The American
cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests side by side,
many together. (b) A South African weaver
bird (Philet\'91rus socius). These weaver birds build
many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter, which they
make of straw.
Red republican. See under
Red.
Re*pub"lic*an*ism (-?z'm), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82publicanisme.] 1.
A republican form or system of government; the principles or
theory of republican government.
2. Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a
republican form of government.
Burke.
3. The principles and policy of the Republican
party, so called [U.S.]
Re*pub"lic*an*ize (-?z), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Republicanized
(-?zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Republicanizing (-?`z?ng).]
[Cf. F. r\'82publicaniser.] To change,
as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; as,
France was republicanized; to republicanize the
rising generation.
D. Ramsay.
Re*pub"li*cate (r?*p?b"l?*k?t), v.
t. [Cf. LL. republicare.] To
make public again; to republish. [Obs.]
Re*pub`li*ca"tion (r?-p?b`l?-k?"sh?n),
n. A second publication, or a new publication of
something before published, as of a former will, of a volume
already published, or the like; specifically, the publication in
one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint.
If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the
former; but the republication of a former will revokes
one of a later date, and establishes the first.
Blackstone.
Re*pub"lish (r?-p?b"l?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Republished
(-l?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Republishing.] To publish anew;
specifically, to publish in one country (a work first published
in another); also, to revive (a will) by re/xecution or
codicil.
Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor
republished his will.
Blackstone.
Re*pub"lish*er (-?r), n. One
who republishes.
Re*pu"di*a*ble (r?-p?"d?-?-b'l), a.
[See Repudilate.] Admitting of
repudiation; fit or proper to be put away.
Re*pu"di*ate (-?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repudiated
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repudiating.] [L.
repudiatus, p. p. of repudiare to
repudiate, reject, fr. repudium separation, divorce;
pref. re- re- + pudere to be
ashamed.]
1. To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do
with; to renounce; to reject.
Servitude is to be repudiated with greater
care.
Prynne.
2. To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or
a woman one has promised to marry.
His separation from Terentis, whom he repudiated
not long afterward.
Bolingbroke.
3. To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim;
as, the State has repudiated its debts.
Re*pu`di*a"tion (-\'b5"sh?n), n.
[Cf.F. r\'82pudiation, L.
repudiatio.] The act of repudiating, or the
state of being repuddiated; as, the repudiation of a
doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc.
Re*pu`di*a"tion, n. One who favors
repudiation, especially of a public debt.
Re*pu"di*a`tor (r?-p?"d?-?`t?r), n.
[L., a rejecter, contemner.] One who
repudiates.
Re*pugn" (r?-p?n"), v. t. [F.
r\'82pugner, L. repugnare,
repugnatum; pref. re- + pugnare to fight.
See Pugnacious.] To fight against; to oppose;
to resist. [R.]
Stubbornly he did repugn the truth.
Shak.
Re*pug"na*ble (r?-p?g"n?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repugned or resisted.
[R.]
Sir T. North.
{ Re*pug"nance (-nans),
Re*pug"nan*cy (-nan-s?), }
n. [F. r\'82pugnance, L.
repugnantia.] The state or condition of
being repugnant; opposition; contrariety; especially, a strong
instinctive antagonism; aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as
of mind, passions, principles, qualities, and the like.
That which causes us to lose most of our time is the
repugnance which we naturally have to labor.
Dryden.
Let the foes quietly cut their throats,
Without repugnancy.
Shak.
Syn. -- Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike;
antipathy; hatred; hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety;
inconsistency. See Dislike.
Re*pug"nant (-nant), a.
[F. r\'82pugnant, or L. repugnans,
-antis, p. pr. of repugnare. See
Repugn.] Disposed to fight against; hostile;
at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent;
refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree;
offensive; -- usually followed by to, rarely and less
properly by with; as, all rudeness was
repugnant to her nature.
[His sword] repugnant to command.
Shak.
There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less
repugnant unto the will of the Lawgiver, God
himself.
Perkins.
Syn. -- Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent;
irreconcilable; hostile; inimical.
Re*pug"nant*ly, adv. In a repugnant
manner.
Re*pug"nate (-n?t), v. t. [From
L. repugnare. See Repugn.] To
oppose; to fight against. [Obs.]
Re*pugn"er (r?-p?n"?r), n. One
who repugns.
Re*pul"lu*late (r?-p?l"l?-l?t), v.
i. [L. repullulare,
repullulatum. See Pullulate.] To
bud again.
Though tares repullulate, there is wheat still left
in the field.
Howell.
Re*pul`lu*la"tion (r?-p?l`l?-l?"sh?n),
n. The act of budding again; the state of having
budded again.
Re*pulse" (r?-p?ls"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repulsed
(-p?lst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repulsing.] [L. repulsus, p.
p. of repellere. See Repel.]
1. To repel; to beat or drive back; as, to
repulse an assault; to repulse the
enemy.
Complete to have discovered and repulsed
Whatever wiles of foe or seeming friend.
Milton.
2. To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to
reject; to send away; as, to repulse a suitor or a
proffer.
Re*pulse", n. [L. repulsa,
fr. repellere, repulsum.]
1. The act of repelling or driving back; also, the
state of being repelled or driven back.
By fate repelled, and with repulses tired.
Denham.
He received in the repulse of Tarquin seven hurts
in the body.
Shak.
2. Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection;
failure.
Re*pulse"less, a. Not capable of being
repulsed.
Re*puls"er (-?r), n. One who
repulses, or drives back.
Re*pul"sion (r?-p?l"sh?n), n.
[L. repulsio: cf. F.
r\'82pulsion.] 1. The act of
repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed or
repelled.
2. A feeling of violent offence or disgust;
repugnance.
3. (Physics) The power, either inherent
or due to some physical action, by which bodies, or the particles
of bodies, are made to recede from each other, or to resist each
other's nearer approach; as, molecular repulsion;
electrical repulsion.
Re*pul"sive (-s?v), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82pulsif.] 1. Serving, or able,
to repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive
force.
Repulsive of his might the weapon stood.
Pope.
2. Cold; forbidding; offensive; as,
repulsive manners.
-- Re*pul"sive*ly, adv. --
Re*pul"sive*ness, n.
Re*pul"so*ry (-s?-r?), a. [L.
repulsorius.] Repulsive; driving
back.
Re*pur"chase (r?*p?r"ch?s; 48), v.
t. To buy back or again; to regain by purchase.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*pur"chase, n. The act of
repurchasing.
Re*pu"ri*fy (r?-p?"r?-f?), v. t.
To purify again.
Rep"u*ta*ble (r?p"?-t?-b'l), a.
[From Repute.] Having, or worthy of,
good repute; held in esteem; honorable; praiseworthy; as, a
reputable man or character; reputable
conduct.
In the article of danger, it is as reputable to
elude an enemy as defeat one.
Broome.
Syn. -- Respectable; creditable; estimable.
-- Rep"u ta*ble*ness, n. --
Rep"u*ta*bly, adv.
Rep`u*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82putation, L. reputatio a
reckoning, consideration. See Repute, v.
t.]
1. The estimation in which one is held; character
in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing,
or action; repute.
The best evidence of reputation is a man's whole
life.
Ames.
2. (Law) The character imputed to a
person in the community in which he lives. It is admissible in
evidence when he puts his character in issue, or when such
reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a case.
3. Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard;
public esteem; general credit; good name.
I see my reputation is at stake.
Shak.
The security of his reputation or good name.
Blackstone.
4. Account; value. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
[/Christ] made himself of no reputation.
Phil. ii. 7.
Syn. -- Credit; repute; regard; estimation; esteem; honor;
fame. See the Note under Character.
Re*put"a*tive*ly (r?-p?t"?-t?v-l?),
adv. By repute.
Re*pute" (r?-p?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reputed; p. pr.
& vb. n. Reputing.] [F.
r\'82puter, L. reputare to count over,
think over; pref. re- re- + putare to
count, think. See Putative.] To hold in
thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to think; to
reckon.
Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed
vile in your sight?
Job xviii. 3.
The king your father was reputed for
A prince most prudent.
Shak.
Re*pute", n. 1. Character
reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good or bad;
established opinion; public estimate.
He who regns
Monarch in heaven, till then as one secure
Sat on his throne, upheld by old repute.
Milton.
2. Specifically: Good character or reputation;
credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed
to disrepute. \'bdDead stocks, which have been
of repute.\'b8
F. Beaumont.
Re*put"ed*ly (r?-p?t"?d-l?), adv.
In common opinion or estimation; by repute.
Re*pute"less, a. Not having good repute;
disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius. [R.]
Shak.
Re*quere" (r?--kw?r"), v. t. To
require. [Obs.]
Re*quest" (r?-kw\'b5st"), n.
[OE. requeste, OF. requeste, F.
requ/te, LL. requesta, for
requisita, fr. L. requirere,
requisitum, to seek again, ask for. See
Require, and cf. Quest.] 1.
The act of asking for anything desired; expression of desire
or demand; solicitation; prayer; petition; entreaty.
I will marry her, sir, at your request.
Shak.
2. That which is asked for or requested.
\'bdHe gave them their request.\'b8
Ps. cvi. 15.
I will both hear and grant you your requests.
Shak.
3. A state of being desired or held in such
estimation as to be sought after or asked for; demand.
Knowledge and fame were in as great request as
wealth among us now.
Sir W. Temple.
Court of Requests. (a) A local
tribunal, sometimes called Court of Consience,
founded by act of Parliament to facilitate the recovery of small
debts from any inhabitant or trader in the district defined by
the act; -- now mostly abolished. (b) A court
of equity for the relief of such persons as addressed the
sovereign by supplication; -- now abolished. It was inferior to
the Court of Chancery. [Eng.] Brande &
C.
Syn. -- Asking; solicitation; petition; prayer;
supplication; entreaty; suit.
Re*quest" (r?-kw?st"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Requested; p.
pr. & vb. n. Requesting.] [Cf.
OF. requester, F. requ.]
1. To ask for (something); to express desire ffor;
to solicit; as, to request his presence, or a
favor.
2. To address with a request; to ask.
I request you
To give my poor host freedom.
Shak.
Syn. -- To ask; solicit; entreat; beseech. See
Beg.
Re*quest"er (-?r), n. One who
requests; a petitioner.
Re*quick"en (r?-kw?k"'n), v. t.
To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to.
Shak.
Re"qui*em (r?"kw?-?m;277), n.
[Acc. of L. requies rest, the first words of the
Mass being \'bdRequiem aeternam dona eis, Domine,\'b8
give eternal rest to them, O lord; pref. re- re +
quies quiet. See Quiet, n., and
cf. Requin.] 1. (R.C.Ch.)
A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul.
We should profane the service of the dead
To sing a requiem and such rest to her
As to peace-parted souls.
Shak.
2. Any grand musical composition, performed in
honor of a deceased person.
3. Rest; quiet; peace. [Obs.]
Else had I an eternal requiem kept,
And in the arms of peace forever slept.
Sandys.
Re*qui"e*to*ry (r?-kw?"?-t?-r?), n.
[L. requietorium, fr. requiescere,
requietum, to rest. See Re-, and
Quiesce.] A sepulcher.
[Obs.]
Weever.
Re"quin (r?"kw?n), n. [F., fr.
reqiem a Mass sung for the dead. See
Requiem.] (Zo\'94l.) The
man-eater, or white shark (Carcharodon carcharias); --
so called on account of its causing requiems to be
sung.
Re*quir"a*ble (r?-kw?r"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being required; proper to be required.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*quire" (r?-kw?r"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Required
(-kw?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Requiring.] [OE. requeren,
requiren, OF. requerre, F.
requ/rir; L. pref. re- re- +
quaerere to ask; cf. L. requirere. See
Query, and cf. Request,
Requisite.] 1. To demand; to insist
upon having; to claim as by right and authority; to exact;
as, to require the surrender of property.
Shall I say to C\'91sar
What you require of him?
Shak.
By nature did what was by law required.
Dryden.
2. To demand or exact as indispensable; to
need.
just gave what life required, and gave no more.
Goldsmith.
The two last [biographies] require to be
particularly noticed.
J. A. Symonds.
3. To ask as a favor; to request.
I was ashamed to require of the king a band of
soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the
way.
Ezra viii. 22.
Syn. -- To claim; exact; enjoin; prescribe; direct; order;
demand; need.
Re*quire"ment (-ment), n.
1. The act of requiring; demand; requisition.
2. That which is required; an imperative or
authoritative command; an essential condition; something needed
or necessary; a need.
One of those who believe that they can fill up every
requirement contained in the rule of
righteousness.
J. M. Mason.
God gave her the child, and gave her too an instinctive
knowledge of its nature and requirements.
Hawthorne.
Re*quir"er (-kw?r"?r), n. One
who requires.
Req"ui*site (r?k"w?-z?t), n.
That which is required, or is necessary; something
indispensable.
God, on his part, has declared the requisites on
ours; what we must do to obtain blessings, is the great business
of us all to know.
Wake.
Req"ui*site, a. [L.
requisitus, p. p. requirere; pref.
re- re- + quaerere to ask. See
Require.] Required by the nature of things,
or by circumstances; // needful that it can not be dispensed
with; necessary indispensable.
All truth requisite for men to know.
Milton.
Syn. -- Necessary; needful; indispensable; essential.
-- Req"ui*site*ly, adv. --
Req"ui*site*ness, n.
Req`ui*si"tion (r?k`w?-z?sh"?n),
n.[Cf. F. r\'82quisition, L.
requisitio a searching.] 1. The
act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application made as by
authority. Specifically: (a) (International
Law) A formal demand made by one state or government
upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from
justice. Kent. (b) (Law)
A notarial demand of a debt. Wharton.
(c) (Mil.) A demand by the invader upon
the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision,
forage, transportation, etc. Farrow. (d)
A formal application by one officer to another for things
needed in the public service; as, a requisition for
clothing, troops, or money.
2. That which is required by authority; especially,
a quota of supplies or necessaries.
3. A written or normal call; an invitation; a
summons; as, a reqisition for a public
meeting. [Eng.]
Req`ui*si"tion, v. t. 1. To
make a reqisition on or for; as, to requisition a
district for forage; to requisition troops.
2. To present a requisition to; to summon request;
as, to requisition a person to be a
candidate. [Eng.]
Req`ui*si"tion*ist, n. One who makes or
signs a requisition.
Re*quis"i*tive (r?-kw?z"?-t?v), a.
Expressing or implying demand. [R.]
Harris.
Re*quis"i*tive, n. One who, or that
which, makes requisition; a requisitionist.
[R.]
Re*quis"i*tor (-t?r), n. One
who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a requisition to
investigate facts.
Re*quis"i*to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Sought for; demanded. [R.]
Summary on Du Bartas (1621).
Re*quit"a*ble (-kw?t"?-b'l), a.
That may be requited.
Re*quit"al (-al), n.
[From Requite.] The act of requiting;
also, that which requites; return, good or bad, for anything
done; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; as, the
requital of services; in a bad sense, retaliation,
or punishment; as, the requital of evil
deeds.
No merit their aversion can remove,
Nor ill requital can efface their love.
Waller.
<-- p. 1224 -->
Syn. -- Compensation; recompense; remuneration; reward;
satisfaction; payment; retribution; retaliation; reprisal;
punishment.
Re"quite" (r?-kw?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Requited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Requiting.] [Pref.
re- + quit.] To repay; in a good
sense, to recompense; to return (an equivalent) in good; to
reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate; to return (evil) for evil;
to punish.
He can requite thee; for he knows the charma
That call fame on such gentle acts as these.
Milton.
Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to
requite it with thy hand.
Ps. x. 14.
Syn. -- To repay; reward; pay; compensate; remunerate;
satisfy; recompense; punish; revenge.
Re*quite"ment (-ment), n.
Requital [Obs.]
E. Hall.
Re*quit"er (-kw?t"?r), n. One
who requites.
Rere"brace` (r?r"br?s"), n. [F.
arri/re-bras.] (Anc. Armor)
Armor for the upper part of the arm.
Fairholt.
Rere`de*main" (-d?-m?n"), n.
[F. arri/re back + de of +
main hand.] A backward stroke.
[Obs.]
Rere"dos (r?r"d?s), n. [From
rear + F. dos back, L. dorsum.
Cf. Dorsal.] (Arch.) (a)
A screen or partition wall behind an altar.
(b) The back of a fireplace. (c)
The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted, immediately
under the louver, in the center of ancient halls.
[Also spelt reredosse.]
Fairholt.
Rere"fief` (r?r"f?f`), n. [F.
arri\'8are-fief. See Rear hinder, and
Fief.] (Scots Law) A fief held of
a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under tenant.
Blackstone.
Re*reign" (r?-r?n"), v. i. To
reign again.
Re`-re*it"er*ate (r?`r?-?t"?r-?t), v.
t. To reiterate many times. [R.]
\'bdMy re-reiterated wish.\'b8
Tennyson.
Rere"mouse` (r?r"mous`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A rearmouse.
Re`-re*solve" (r?`r?-z?lv"), v. t. &
i. To resolve again.
Resolves, and re-resolves, then dies the same.
Young.
Rere"ward` (r?r"w?rd`), n. [See
Rearward.] The rear quard of an army.
[Obs.]
\'d8Res (r?z), n.; pl.
Res. [L.] A thing; the
particular thing; a matter; a point.
\'d8Res gest\'91 [L., things done]
(Law), the facts which form the environment of a
litigated issue. Wharton. -- \'d8Res
judicata [L.] (Law), a thing
adjudicated; a matter no longer open to controversy.
Re*sail" (r?-s?l"), v. t. & i.
To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former
port.
Re*sale" (r?-s?l" , n.
A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second
sale.
Bacon.
Re*sal"gar (r?-s?l"g?r), n.
Realgar. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re`sa*lute" (r?`s?-l?t"), v. t.
To salute again.
Re*saw" (r/-s/"), v. t. To
saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which has
already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists, boards,
etc.
Res"cat (r?s"k?t), v. t. [Sp.
rescattar.] To ransom; to release; to
rescue. [Obs.]
Howell.
Res"cat, n. [Sp.
rescate.] Ransom; release.
[Obs.]
Re*scind" (r?-s?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rescinded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rescinding.] [L.
rescindere, rescissum; pref re-
re- + scindere to cut, split: cf. F.
rescinder. See Shism.] 1.
To cut off; to abrogate; to annul.
The blessed Jesus . . . did sacramentally rescind
the impure relics of Adam and the contraction of evil
customs.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act,
by the enacting authority or by superior authority; to repeal;
as, to rescind a law, a resolution, or a vote; to
rescind a decree or a judgment.
Syn. -- To revoke; repeal; abrogate; annul; recall; reverse;
vacate; void.
Re*scind"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being rescinded.
Re*scind"ment (-ment), n.
The act of rescinding; rescission.
Re*scis"sion (r?-s?zh"?n), n.
[L. rescissio: cf. F. rescission. See
Rescind.] The act of rescinding, abrogating,
annulling, or vacating; as, the rescission of a law,
decree, or judgment.
Re*scis"so*ry (r?-s?z"?-r? ,
a. [L. rescissorius: cf. F.
rescisoire.] Tending to rescind;
rescinding.
To pass a general act rescissory (as it was
called), annulling all the Parliaments that had been held since
the year 1633.
Bp. Burnet.
Res"cous (r?s"k?s), n. [OE.,
fr. OF. rescousse, fr. rescourre, p. p.
rescous, to rescue. See Rescue.]
1. Rescue; deliverance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Law) See
Rescue,2. [Obs.]
Res"cowe (r?s"kou), v. t. To
rescue. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*scribe" (r?-skr?b"), v. t.
[L. rescribere; pref. re- re- +
scribere to write. See Scribe.]
1. To write back; to write in reply.
Ayliffe.
2. To write over again.
Howell.
Re"script (r?"skr?pt), n. [L.
rescriptum: cf. F. rescrit, formerly also
spelt rescript. See Rescribe,v.
t.]
1. (Rom.Antiq.) The answer of an emperor
when formallyconsulted by particular persons on some difficult
question; hence, an edict or decree.
In their rescripts and other ordinances, the Roman
emperors spoke in the plural number.
Hare.
2. (R.C.Ch.) The official written answer
of the pope upon a question of canon law, or morals.
3. A counterpart.
Bouvier.
Re*scrip"tion (r?-skr?p"sh?n), n.
[L. rescriptio: cf. F. rescription.
See Rescribe.] A writing back; the answering
of a letter.
Loveday.
Re*scrip"tive (-t?v), a.
Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript;
hence, deciding; settling; determining.
Re*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By
rescript.
Burke.
Res"cu*a*ble (r?s"k?-?-b'l), a.
That may be rescued.
Res"cue (r?s"k?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rescued
(-k?d);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rescuing.] [OE. rescopuen,
OF. rescourre, rescurre,
rescorre; L. pref. re- re- +
excutere to shake or drive out; ex out +
quatere to shake. See Qtash to crush,
Rercussion.] To free or deliver from any
confinement, violence, danger, or evil; to liberate from actual
restraint; to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to
evil; as, to rescue a prisoner from the enemy; to
rescue seamen from destruction.
Had I been seized by a hungry lion,
I would have been a breakfast to the best,
Rather than have false Proteus rescue me.
Shak.
Syn. -- To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate;
release; save.
Res"cue (r?s"k?), n. [From
Rescue, v.; cf. Rescous.]
1. The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint,
violence, or danger; liberation.
Spur to the rescue of the noble Talbot.
Shak.
2. (Law) (a) The forcible
retaking, or taking away, against law, of things lawfully
distrained. (b) The forcible liberation of a
person from an arrest or imprisonment. (c)
The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by the
enemy.
Bouvier.
The rescue of a prisoner from the court is punished
with perpetual imprisonment and forfeiture of goods.
Blackstone.
Rescue grass. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Bot.) A tall grass (Ceratochloa
unioloides) somewhat resembling chess, cultivated for hay
and forage in the Southern States.
Res"cue*less, a. Without rescue or
release.
Res"cu*er (-k?-?r), n. One who
rescues.
Res`cus*see" (r?s`k?s-s?"), n.
(O.Eng. Law) The party in whose favor a rescue is
made.
Crabb.
Res*cus"sor (r?s-k?s"s?r), n.
[LL.] (O.Eng.Law) One who makes an
unlawful rescue; a rescuer.
Burril.
Rese (r?z), v. i. To shake; to
quake; to tremble. [Obs.] \'bdIt made all the
gates for to rese.\'b8
Chaucer.
Re-search" (r?-s?rch"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + search.] To search again;
to examine anew.
Re*search" (r?-s?rch"), n.
[Pref. re- + search: cf OF. recerche,
F. recherche.] Diligent inquiry or
examination in seeking facts or principles; laborius or continued
search after truth; as, researches of human
wisdom.
The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked
on the results of the researches of antiquaries.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny.
Re*search", v. t. [Pref. re- +
search: cf. OF. recerchier, F.
rechercher.] To search or examine with
continued care; to seek diligently.
Re*search"er (-?r), n. One who
researches.
Re*search"ful (-f?l), a. Making
researches; inquisitive. [R.]
Coleridge.
Re*seat" (r?-s?t"), v. t.
1. To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne,
etc.
Dryden.
2. To put a new seat, or new seats, in; as, to
reseat a theater; to reseat a chair or
trousers.
Re*sect" (r?-s?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resected;p. pr.
& vb. n. Resecting.] [L.
resectus, p. p. of resecare to cut off;
pref. re- re- + secare to cut.]
To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting.
Re*sec"tion (r?-s?k"sh?n), n.
[L. resectio: cf. F.
r\'82section.] 1. The act of
cutting or paring off.
Cotgrave.
2. (Surg.) The removal of the articular
extremity of a bone, or of the ends of the bones in a false
articulation.
Re*se"da (r?-s?"d?), n. [L. , a
kind of plant.] 1. (Bot.) A genus
of plants, the type of which is mignonette.
2. A grayish green color, like that of the flowers
of mignonette.
Re*seek" (r?-s?k"), v. t. To
seek again.
J. Barlow.
Re*seize" (r?-s?z"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + seize: cf. F.
ressaisir.] 1. To seize again, or
a second time.
2. To put in possession again; to reinstate.
And then therein [in his kingdom] reseized was
again.
Spenser.
3. (Law) To take possession of, as lands
and tenements which have been disseized.
The sheriff is commanded to reseize the land and
all the chattels thereon, and keep the same in his custody till
the arrival of the justices of assize.
Blackstone.
Re*seiz"er (-s?z"?r), n. 1.
One who seizes again.
2. (Eng. Law) The taking of lands into
the hands of the king where a general livery, or oustre le
main, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to the form and order
of law.
Re*sei"zure (r/-s/"zh/r; 135),
n. A second seizure; the act of seizing
again.
Bacon.
Re*sell" (r?-s?l"), v. t. To
sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to
retail.
Re*sem"bla*ble (r?-z?m"bl?-b'l), a.
[See Resemble.] Admitting of being
compared; like. [Obs.]
Gower.
Re*sem"blance (-blans), n.
[Cf. F. ressemblance. See
Resemble.] 1. The quality or state
of resembling; likeness; similitude; similarity.
One main end of poetry and painting is to please; they bear a
great resemblance to each other.
Dryden.
2. That which resembles, or is similar; a
representation; a likeness.
These sensible things, which religion hath allowed, are
resemblances formed according to things spiritual.
Hooker.
3. A comparison; a simile.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. Probability; verisimilitude.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- Likeness; similarity; similitude; semblance;
representation; image.
Re*sem"blant (-blant), a.
[F., a . and p. pr. fr. ressembler to resemble.
See Resemble.] Having or exhibiting
resemblance; resembling. [R.]
Gower.
Re*sem"ble (r?-z?m"b'l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resembled
(-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Resembling
(-bl?ng).] [F. ressembler;
pref. re- re- + sembler to seem, resemble,
fr. L. similare, simulare, to imitate, fr.
similis like, similar. See Similar.]
1. To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude
of, either in appearance or qualities; as, these brothers
resemble each other.
We will resemble you in that.
Shak.
2. To liken; to compare; to represent as
like. [Obs.]
The other . . .
He did resemble to his lady bright.
Spenser.
3. To counterfeit; to imitate.
[Obs.] \'bdThey can so well resemble
man's speech.\'b8
Holland.
4. To cause to imitate or be like.
[R.]
H. Bushnell.
Re*sem"bler (r?-z?m"bl?r), n.
One who resembles.
Re*sem"bling*ly (-bl?ng-l?), adv.
So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness.
Re*sem"i*nate (-s?m"?-n?t), v. t.
[L. pref. re- again + seminatus, p. p.
of seminare to sow.] To produce again by
means of seed. [Obs.]
Sir. T. Browne.
Re*send" (r?-s?nd"), v. t.
1. To send again; as, to resend a
message.
2. To send back; as, to resend a
gift. [Obs.]
Shak.
3. (Telegraphy) To send on from an
intermediate station by means of a repeater.
Re*sent" (r?-z?nt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Resenting.] [F.
ressentir; L. pref. re- re- +
sentire to feel. See Sense.]
1. To be sensible of; to feel; as:
(a) In a good sense, to take well; to receive with
satisfaction. [Obs.]
Which makes the tragical ends of noble persons more favorably
resented by compassionate readers.
Sir T. Browne.
(b) In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an
injury or affront; to be indignant at.
2. To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation
at, as by words or acts.
The good prince King James . . . bore dishonorably what he
might have resented safely.
Bolingbroke.
3. To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by
smelling; -- associated in meaning with sent, the
older spelling of scent to smell. See Resent,
v. i. [Obs.]
This bird of prey resented a worse than earthly
savor in the soul of Saul.
Fuller.
Our King Henry the Seventh quickly resented his
drift.
Fuller.
Re*sent", v. i. 1. To feel
resentment.
Swift.
2. To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor.
[Obs.]
The judicious prelate will prefer a drop of the sincere milk
of the word before vessels full of traditionary pottage
resenting of the wild gourd of human invention.
Fuller.
Re*sent"er (-?r), n. One who
resents.
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*sent"ful (-f?l), a. Inclined
to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable. --
Re*sent"ful*ly, adv.
Re*sent"i*ment (-?-ment),
n. Resentment. [Obs.]
Re*sent"ing*ly, adv. 1. With
deep sense or strong perception. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
2. With a sense of wrong or affront; with
resentment.
Re*sent"ive (-?v), a.
Resentful. [R.]
Thomson.
Re*sent"ment (-ment), n.
[F. ressentiment.] 1. The act
of resenting.
2. The state of holding something in the mind as a
subject of contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon
something; a state consciousness; conviction; feeling;
impression. [Obs.]
He retains vivid resentments of the more solid
morality.
Dr. H. More.
It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so
little resentment of their danger.
Jer. Taylor.
3. In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude.
[Obs.]
The Council taking notice of the many good services performed
by Mr. John Milton, . . . have thought fit to declare their
resentment and good acceptance of the same.
The Council Book (1651).
4. In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger;
hostility provoked by a wrong or injury experienced.
Resentment . . . is a deep, reflective displeasure
against the conduct of the offender.
Cogan.
Syn. -- Anger; irritation; vexation; displeasure; grudge;
indignation; choler; gall; ire; wrath; rage; fury.
-- Resentment, Anger. Anger is the
broader term, denoting a keen sense of disapprobation (usually
with a desire to punish) for watever we feel to be wrong, whether
directed toward ourselves or others. Reseniment is
anger exicted by a sense of personal injury. It is,
etymologically, that reaction of the mind which we instinctively
feel when we think ourselves wronged. Pride and selfishness are
apt to aggravate this feeling until it changes into a criminal
animosity; and this is now the more common signification of the
term. Being founded in a sense of injury, this feeling is hard to
be removed; and hence the expressions bitter or
implacable resentment. See Anger.
Anger is like
A full-hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.
Shak.
Can heavently minds such high resentment show,
Or exercise their spite in human woe?
Dryden.
Res"er*ate (r?s"?r-?t), v. t.
[L. reseratus, p. p. of reserare to
unlock.] To unlock; to open. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*serv"ance (r?-z?rv"ans),
n. Reservation. [R.]
Res`er*va"tion (r?z`?r-v?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82servation, LL.
reservatio. See Reserve.] 1.
The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or
withholding from disclosure; reserve.
A. Smith.
With reservation of an hundred knights.
Shak.
Make some reservation of your wrongs.
Shak.
2. Something withheld, either not expressed or
disclosed, or not given up or brought forward.
Dryden.
3. A tract of the public land reserved for some
special use, as for schools, for the use of Indians, etc.
[U.S.]
4. The state of being reserved, or kept in
store.
Shak.
5. (Law) (a) A clause in an
instrument by which some new thing is reserved out of the thing
granted, and not in esse before. (b)
A proviso.
Kent.
exception, the technical distinction being
disregarded.
6. (Eccl.) (a) The portion of
the sacramental elements reserved for purposes of devotion and
for the communion of the absent and sick. (b)
A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves
to himself appointment to certain benefices.
Mental reservation, the withholding, or
failing to disclose, something that affects a statement, promise,
etc., and which, if disclosed, would materially change its
import.
<-- p. 1225 -->
Re*serv"a*tive (r?-z?rv"?-t?v), a.
Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving.
Re*serv"a*to*ry (-t?-r?), n.
[LL. reservatorium,fr. L. resservare.
See Reserve, v. t., and cf.
Reservior.] A place in which things are
reserved or kept.
Woodward.
Re*serve" (r?-z?rv"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reserved.
(z/rvd");p. pr. & vb. n.
Reserving.] [F. r\'82server,
L. reservare, reservatum; pref.
re- re- + servare to keep. See
Serve.] 1. To keep back; to retain;
not to deliver, make over, or disclose. \'bdI have
reserved to myself nothing.\'b8
Shak.
2. Hence, to keep in store for future or special
use; to withhold from present use for another purpose or time; to
keep; to retain.
Gen. xxvii. 35.
Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have
reserved against the time of trouble?
Job xxxviii. 22,23.
Reserve your kind looks and language for private
hours.
Swift.
3. To make an exception of; to except.
[R.]
Re*serve", n. [F.
r\'82serve.] 1. The act of
reserving, or keeping back; reservation.
However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still
with certain reserves and deviations.
Addison.
2. That which is reserved, or kept back, as for
future use.
The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise
a reserve in some other vessel for a continual
supply.
Tillotson.
3. That which is excepted; exception.
Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a
reserve.
Rogers.
4. Restraint of freedom in words or actions;
backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
My soul, surprised, and from her sex disjoined,
Left all reserve, and all the sex, behind.
Prior.
The clergyman's shy and sensitive reserve had
balked this scheme.
Hawthorne.
5. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a
particular purpose; as, the Connecticut Reserve in
Ohio, originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut;
the Clergy Reserves in Canada, for the support of the
clergy.
6. (Mil.) A body of troops in the rear
of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other
lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for
an exigency.
7. (Banking) Funds kept on hand to meet
liabilities.
In reserve, in keeping for other or future
use; in store; as, he has large quantities of wheat in
reserve; he has evidence or arguments in
reserve. -- Reserve air.
(Physiol.) Same as Supplemental air,
under Supplemental.
Syn. -- Reservation; retention; limitation; backwardness;
reservedness; coldness; restraint; shyness; coyness;
modesty.
Re*served" (-z?rvd"), a. 1.
Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; as,
reserved troops; a reserved seat in a
theater.
2. Restrained from freedom in words or actions;
backward, or cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and
feelings; not free or frank.
To all obliging, yet reserved to all.
Walsh.
Nothing reserved or sullen was to see.
Dryden.
-- Re*serv"ed*ly
(r/-z/rv"/d-l/), adv. --
Re*serv"ed*ness, n.
Res`er*vee" (r?z`?r-v?"), n.
One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted
with reservor.
Re*serv"er (r?-z?rv"?r), n. One
who reserves.
Re*serv"ist, n. A member of a reserve
force of soldiers or militia. [Eng.]
Res"er*vior` (r?z"?r-vw?r`;277), n.
[F. r\'82servoir, fr. LL.
reservatorium. See Reservatory.]
1. A place where anything is kept in store;
especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use
when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by means
of aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like.
2. (Bot.) A small intercellular space,
often containing /esin, essential oil, or some other secreted
matter.
Receiving reservoir (Water Works),
a principal reservoir into which an aqueduct or rising main
delivers water, and from which a distributing reservoir draws its
supply.
Re*serv"or (r?-z?rv"?r ,
n. One who reserves; a reserver.
Re*set" (r?-s?t"), v. t. To set
again; as, to reset type; to reset copy; to
reset a diamond.
Re"set (r?"s?t), n. 1.
The act of resetting.
2. (Print.) That which is reset; matter
set up again.
Re*set" (r?-s?t"), n. [OF.
recete, recepte, a receiving. Cf.
Receipt.] (Scots Law) The
receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw.
Jamieson.
Re*set", v. t. (Scots Law) To
harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal.
We shall see if an English hound is to harbor and
reset the Southrons here.
Sir. W. Scott.
Re*set"ter (-t?r), n. (Scots
Law) One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or
criminal.
Re*set"ter (r?-S?t"t?r), n. One
who resets, or sets again.
Re*set"tle (r?-s?t"t'l), v. t.
To settle again.
Swift.
Re*set"tle, v. i. To settle again, or a
second time.
Re*set"tle*ment (-ment), n.
Act of settling again, or state of being settled again;
as, the resettlement of lees.
The resettlement of my discomposed soul.
Norris.
Re*shape" (r?-sh?p"), v. t. To
shape again.
Re*ship" (r?-sh?p"), v. t. To
ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to send on
a second voyage; as, to reship bonded
merchandise.
Re*ship", v. i. To engage one's self
again for service on board of a vessel after having been
discharged.
Re*ship"ment (-ment), n.
The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped.
Re*ship"per (-p?r), n. One who
reships.
Res`i*ance (r?z"?-ans), n.
[LL. reseantia, // OF.
reseance.] Residence; abode.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Res"i*ant (-ant), a.
[OF. reseant, resseant, L.
residens. See Resident.] Resident;
present in a place. [Obs.]
In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly
resiant.
Spenser.
Res"i*ant, n. A resident.
[Obs.]
Sir T. More.
Re*side" (r?-z?d"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Resided; p. pr.
& vb. n. Residing.] [F.
r\'82sider, L. residere; pref.
re- re- + sedere to sit. See Sit.
] 1. To dwell permanently or for a
considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to abide
continuosly; to have one's domicile of home; to remain for a long
time.
At the moated grange, resides this dejected
Mariana.
Shak.
In no fixed place the happy souls reside.
Dryden.
2. To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to
lie or be as in attribute or element.
In such like acts, the duty and virtue of contentedness doth
especially reside.
Barrow.
3. To sink; to settle, as sediment.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Syn. -- To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live;
domiciliate; domicile.
Res"i*dence (r?z"?-dens),
n. [F. r\'82sidence. See
Resident.] 1. The act or fact of
residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some continuance of
time; as, the residence of an American in France or
Italy for a year.
The confessor had often made considerable
residences in Normandy.
Sir M. Hale.
2. The place where one resides; an abode; a
dwelling or habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or
domicile. \'bdNear the residence of
Posthumus.\'b8
Shak.
Johnson took up his residence in London.
Macaulay.
3. (Eng.Eccl.Law) The residing of an
incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to
nonresidence.
4. The place where anything rests
permanently.
But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest
court and residence of all his regal power, he then, .
. . fights against his own majesty and kingship.
Milton.
5. Subsidence, as of a sediment.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
6. That which falls to the bottom of liquors;
sediment; also, refuse; residuum. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling;
habitation; domicile; mansion.
Res"e*den*cy (-den-s?), n.
1. Residence. [Obsoles.]
2. A political agency at a native court in British
India, held by an officer styled the Residentl: also, a Dutch
commercial colony or province in the East Indies.
Res"i*dent (-dent), a.
[F. r\'82sident, L. residens,
-entis, p. pr. of residere. See
Reside.] 1. Dwelling, or having an
abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on
one's own estate; -- opposed to nonresident; as,
resident in the city or in the country.
2. Fixed; stable; certain.
[Obs.] \'bdStable and resident like a
rock.\'b8
Jer. TAylor.
One there still resident as day and night.
Davenant.
Res"i*dent, n. 1. One who
resides or dwells in a place for some time.
2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a
foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank
inferrior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under
Minister,4.
Res"i*dent*er (-$r), n. A
resident. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Res`i*den""tial (-d?n"shal),
a. 1. Of or pertaining to a residence or
residents; as, residential trade.
2. Residing; residentiary. [R.]
Res`i*den"tia*ry (-d?n"sh?-r?; 277),
a. [LL. residentiaris.]
Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a
residentiary guardian.
Dr. H. More.
Res`i*den"tia*ry, n. 1. One who
is resident.
The residentiary, or the frequent visitor of the
favored spot, . . . will discover that both have been there.
Coleridge.
2. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain
residence.
Syn. -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.
Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or
condition of a residentiary.
Res"i*dent*ship (r?z"?-dent-sh?p),
n. The office or condition of a resident.
Re*sid"er (r?-z?d"?r), n. One
who resides in a place.
Re*sid"u*al (r?-z?d"?-al),
a. [See Residue.] Pertaining
to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.
Residual air (Physiol.), that
portion of air contained in the lungs which can not be expelled
even by the most violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75
to 100 cubic inches. Cf. Supplemental air, under
Supplemental. -- Residual error.
(Mensuration) See Error, 6
(b). -- Residual figure
(Geom.), the figure which remains after a less
figure has been taken from a greater one. -- Residual
magnetism (Physics), remanent magnetism. See
under Remanent. -- Residual product,
a by product, as cotton waste from a cotton mill, coke and
coal tar from gas works, etc. -- Residual
quantity (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two
parts of which are connected by the negative sign, as
a-b. -- Residual root
(Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as
.
Re*sid"u*al, n. (Math.)
(a) The difference of the results obtained by
observation, and by computation from a formula.
(b) The difference between the mean of several
observations and any one of them.
Re*sid"u*a*ry (-?-r?), a. [See
Residue.] Consisting of residue; as,
residuary matter; pertaining to the residue, or
part remaining; as, the residuary advantage of an
estate.
Ayliffe.
Residuary clause (Law), that part
of the testator's will in which the residue of his estate is
disposed of. -- Residuary devise
(Law), the person to whom the residue of real
estate is devised by a will. -- Residuary legatee
(Law), the person to whom the residue of personal
estate is bequeathed.
Res"i*due (r?z"?-d?), n. [F.
r\'82sidu, L. residuum, fr.
residuus that is left behind, remaining, fr.
residere to remain behind. See Reside, and
cf. Residuum.] 1. That which remains
after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated;
remnant; remainder.
The residue of them will I deliver to the
sword.
Jer. xv. 9.
If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a
residue of English liberty would have been saved.
I. Taylor.
2. (Law) That part of a testeator's
estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and
special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of
debts and legacies.
3. (Chem.) That which remains of a
molecule after the removal of a portion of its constituents;
hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of a molecule; --
used as nearly equivalent to radical, but in a more
general sense.<-- also moiety -->
radical is sometimes restricted
to groups containing carbon, the term residue being
applied to the others.
4. (Theory of Numbers) Any positive or
negative number that differs from a given number by a multiple of
a given modulus; thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given
number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are
residues.
Syn. -- Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum;
remains; leavings; relics.
Re*sid"u*ous (r?-z?d"?-?s), a.
[L. residuus.] Remaining;
residual.
Landor.
Re*sid"u*um (-?m), n. [L. See
Residue.] That which is left after any
process of separation or purification; that which remains after
certain specified deductions are made; residue.
\'bdI think so,\'b8 is the whole residuum . . .
after evaporating the prodigious pretensions of the zealot
demagogue.
L. Taylor.
Re*siege" (r?-s?j"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + siege a seat.]
To seat again; to reinstate. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Re-sign" (r?-s?n"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + sign.] To affix one's
signature to, a second time; to sign again.
Re*sign" (r?-z?n"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resigned
(-z?nd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Resigning.] [F. r\'82signer,
L. resignare to unseal, annul, assign, resign; pref.
re- re- + signare to seal, stamp. See
Sign, and cf. Resignation.]
1. To sign back; to return by a formal act; to
yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or
emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the
wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used
reflexively.
I here resign my government to thee.
Shak.
Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign
What justly thou hast lost.
Milton.
What more reasonable, than that we should in all things
resign up ourselves to the will of God?
Tiilotson.
2. To relinquish; to abandon.
He soon resigned his former suit.
Spenser.
3. To commit to the care of; to consign.
[Obs.]
Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the seas,
resigned and concredited to the conduct of such as
they call governors.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish;
forego; quit; forsake; abandon; renounce. --
Resign, Relinquish. To resign is to
give up, as if breaking a seal and yielding all it had secured;
hence, it marks a formal and deliberate surrender. To
relinquish is less formal, but always implies
abandonment and that the thing given up has been long an object
of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been prized and desired. We
resign what we once held or considered as our own, as
an office, employment, etc. We speak of relinquishing
a claim, of relinquishing some advantage we had sought
or enjoyed, of relinquishing seme right, privilege,
etc. \'bdMen are weary with the toil which they bear, but can not
find it in their hearts to relinquish it.\'b8
Steele. See Abdicate.
Re sign", n. Resignation.
[Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Res`ig*na"tion (r?z`?g-n?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82signation. See Resign.]
1. The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim,
possession, office, or the like; surrender; as, the
resignation of a crown or comission.
2. The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet
or patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; as,
resignation to the will and providence of
God.
Syn. -- Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking;
abandonment; abdication; renunciation; submission; acquiescence;
endurance. See Patience.
Re*signed" (r?-z?nd"), a.
Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or
murmur.
A firm, yet cautious mind;
Sincere, thought prudent; constant, yet resigned.
Pope.
Re*sign"ed*ly (r?-z?n"?d-l?), adv.
With submission.
Res`ign*ee" (r?z`?-n?"), n. One
to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a resignation is
made.
Re*sign"er (r?-z?n"?r), n. One
who resigns.
Re*sign"ment (-ment), n.
The act of resigning.
Re*sile" (r?-z?l"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Resiled
(-z?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Resiling.] [L. resilire to
leap or spring back; pref. re- re- + salire
to leap, spring. See Salient.] To start back;
to recoil; to recede from a purpose.
J. Ellis.
{ Re*sil"i*ence (r?-z?l"?-ens),
Re*sil"i*en*cy (-en-s?), }
n. 1. The act of resiling, springing
back, or rebounding; as, the resilience of a ball or
of sound.
2. (Mech. & Engyn.) The mechanical work
required to strain an elastic body, as a deflected beam,
stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also, the work
performed by the body in recovering from such strain.
Re*sil"i*ent (-ent), a.
[L. resiliens, p. pr.] Leaping back;
rebounding; recoling.
Res`i*li"tion (r?z`?-l?sh"?n), n.
Resilience. [R.]
Res"in (r?z"?n), n. [F.
r\'82sine, L. resina; cf. Gr.
"rhti`nh Cf. Rosin.] Any one of a
class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of
vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a
vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and
essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see
Rosin).
Resins exude from trees in combination
with essential oils, gums, etc., and in a liquid or semiliquid
state. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are
supposed to be formed by the oxidation of the essential oils.
Copal, mastic, quaiacum, and colophony or pine resin, are some of
them. When mixed with gum, they form the gum resins, like
asafetida and gamboge; mixed with essential oils, they frorm
balsams, or oleoresins.
Highgate resin (Min.), a fossil
resin resembling copal, occuring in blue clay at Highgate, near
London. -- Resin bush (Bot.), a
low composite shrub (Euryops speciosissimus) of South
Africa, having smooth pinnately parted leaves and abounding in
resin.
Res`in*a"ceous (-?"sh?s), a.
Having the quality of resin; resinous.
Res"in*ate (r?z"?n-?t), n.
(Chem.) Any one of the salts the resinic
acids.
<-- p. 1226 -->
Re*sin"ic (r?-z?n"?k), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin;
as, the resinic acids.
Res`in*if"er*ous (r?z`?n-?f"?r-?s),
a. [Resin + -ferous: cf.
F. r\'82sinif\'8are.] Yielding resin;
as, a resiniferous tree or vessel.
Res"in*i*form (r?z"?n-?-f?rm), a.
[Resin + -form: cf. F.
r\'82siniforme.] Having the form of
resin.
Res`in*o-e*lec"tric (-?-?-l?k"tr?k),
a. (Elec.) Containing or exhibiting
resinous electricity.
Res"in*oid (r?z"?n-oid), a.
Somewhat like resin.
Res"in*ous (-?s), a. [L.
resinous: cf. F. r\'82sineux. See
Resin.] Of or pertaining to resin; of the
nature of resin; resembling or obtained from resin.
Resinous electricity (Elec.),
electricity which is exited by rubbing bodies of the resinous
kind. See Negative electricity, under
Negative.
Res"in*ous*ly, adv. By means, or in the
manner, of resin.
Res"in*ous*ness, n. The quality of being
resinous.
Res"in*y (-?), a. Like resin;
resinous.
Res`i*pis"cence (r?s`?-p?s"sens),
n. [L. resipiscentia, from
resipiscere to recover one's senses: cf. F.
r\'82sipiscence.] Wisdom derived from
severe experience; hence, repentance. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.
Re*sist" (r?-z?stt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resisted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Resisting.] [F.
r\'82sister, L. resistere, pref.
re- re- + sistere to stand, cause to stand,
v. causative of stare to stand. See
Stand.] 1. To stand against; to
withstand; to obstruct.
That mortal dint,
Save He who reigns above, none can resist.
Milton.
2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract,
defeat, or frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose.
God resisteth the proud.
James iv. 6.
Contrary to his high will
Whom we resist.
Milton.
3. To counteract, as a force, by inertia or
reaction.
4. To be distasteful to. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract;
check; thwart; baffle; disappoint.
Re*sist", v. i. To make
opposition.
Shak.
Re*sist", n. (Calico Printing)
A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing
on those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting
machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the
cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it
incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared
for this purpose are called resist pastes.
F. C. Calvert.
Re*sist"ance (-ans), n.
[F. r\'82sistance, LL. resistentia,
fr. resistens, - entis, p. pr. See
Resist.] 1. The act of resisting;
opposition, passive or active.
When King Demetrius saw that . . . no resistance
was made against him, he sent away all his forces.
1. Macc. xi. 38.
2. (Physics) The quality of not yielding
to force or external pressure; that power of a body which acts in
opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which
prevents the effect of another power; as, the
resistance of the air to a body passing through it; the
resistance of a target to projectiles.
3. A means or method of resisting; that which
resists.
Unfold to us some warlike resistance.
Shak.
4. (Elec.) A certain hindrance or
opposition to the passage of an electrical current or discharge
offered by conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the
conductivity, -- good conductors having a small resistance, while
poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The
unit of resistance is the ohm.
Resistance box (Elec.), a rheostat
consisting of a box or case containing a number of resistance
coils of standard values so arranged that they can be combined in
various ways to afford more or less resistance. --
Resistance coil (Elec.), a coil of wire
introduced into an electric circuit to increase the
resistance. -- Solid of least resistance
(Mech.), a solid of such a form as to experience,
in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid having
the same base, height, and volume.
Re*sist"ant (-ant), a.
[F. r\'82sistant: cf. L. resistens.
See Resist.] Making resistance;
resisting. -- n. One who, or that
which, resists.
Bp. Pearson.
Re*sist"er (-?r), n. One who
resists.
Re*sist"ful (-f?l), a. Making
much resistance.
Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?),
n.. 1. The quality of being resistible;
resistibleness.
2. The quality of being resistant;
resitstance.
The name \'bdbody\'b8 being the complex idea of extension and
resistibility together in the same subject.
Locke.
Re*sist"i*ble (r?-z?st"?-b'l), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82sistible.] Capable of
being resisted; as, a resistible force.
Sir M. Hale. -- Re*sist"i*ble*ness,
n. -- Re*sist"i*bly,
adv.
Re*sist"ing, a. Making resistance;
opposing; as, a resisting medium. --
Re*sist"ing ly, adv.
Re*sist"ive (-?v), a. Serving
to resist.
B. Jonsosn.
Re*sist"less, a. 1. Having no
power to resist; making no opposition. [Obs. or
R.]
Spenser.
2. Incapable of being resisted; irresistible.
Masters' commands come with a power resistless
To such as owe them absolute subjection.
Milton.
-- Re*sist"less*ly, adv. --
Re*sist"less*ness, n.
Res"o*lu*ble (r?z"?-l?-b'l),
a.[L. resolubolis: cf. F.
r\'82soluble. See Resolve, and cf.
Resolvable.] Admitting of being resolved;
resolvable; as, bodies resoluble by fire.
Boyle. -- Res"o*lu*ble*ness,
n.
Res"o*lute (r?z"?-l?t), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82solu. The L. resolutus (p. p. of
resolvere) means, relaxed, enervated, effeminate. See
Resolve, v. t. & i.] 1.
Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a
determination; hence, bold; firm; steady.
Edward is at hand,
Ready to fight; therefore be resolute.
Shak.
2. Convinced; satisfied; sure.
[Obs.]
3. Resolving, or explaining; as, the
Resolute Doctor Durand. [Obs.]
Syn. -- Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady;
constant; persevering; firm; bold; unshaken.
Res"o*lute (r?z"?-l?t), n.
1. One who // resolute; hence, a
desperado. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Redelivery; repayment. [Obs.]
\'bdYearly resolutes, deductions, and payments.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
Res"o*lute*ly, adv. In a resolute
manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly; steadily; with
perseverance.
Some.. facts he examines, some he resolutely
denies.
Swift.
Res"o*lute*ness, n. The quality of being
resolute.
Res`o*lu"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82solution. L. resolutio a
loosening, solution. See Resolve.] 1.
The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically:
(a) The act of separating a compound into its elements
or component parts. (b) The act of analyzing a complex
notion, or solving a vexed question or difficult problem.
The unraveling and resolution of the difficulties
that are met with in the execution of the design are the end of
an action.
Dryden.
2. The state of being relaxed; relaxation.
[Obs.]
3. The state of being resolved, settled, or
determined; firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination.
Be it with resolution then to fight.
Shak.
4. That which is resolved or determined; a settled
purpose; determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the
opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted
by vote; as, a legislative resolution; the
resolutions of a public meeting.
5. The state of being resolved or firm in opinion
or thought; conviction; assurance. [Obs.]
Little resolution and certainty there is as
touching the islands of Mauritania.
Holland.
6. (Math.) The act or process of
solving; solution; as, the resolution of an equation
or problem.
7. (Med.) A breaking up, disappearance;
or termination, as of a fever, a tumor, or the like.
8. (Mus.) The passing of a dissonant
into a consonant chord by the rising or falling of the note which
makes the discord.
Joint resolution. See under Joint,
a. -- Resolution of a force motion (Mech.), the separation
of a single force or motion into two or more which have different
directions, and, taken together, are an equivalent for the single
one; -- the opposite of composition of a force.
-- Resolution of a nebula (Astron.),
the exhibition of it to the eye by a telescope of such power
as to show it to be composed of small stars.
Syn. -- Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement;
dissolution; resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness; constancy;
perseverance; steadfastness; fortitude; boldness; purpose;
resolve. See Decision.
Res`o*lu"tion*er (-?r), n. One
who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a
declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the
Scottish Church in the 17th century.
He was sequestrated afterwards as a
Resolutioner.
Sir W. Scott.
Res`o*lu"tion*ist, n. One who makes a
resolution.
Res"o*lu`tive (r?z"?-lu`t?v), a.
[Cf.F. r\'82solutif.] Serving to
dissolve or relax. [R.]
Johnson.
Res"o*lu*to*ry (r?z"?-l?-t?-r?), a.
Resolutive. [R.]
Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty (r?-z?lv`?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The quality or condition of being resolvable;
resolvableness.
Re*solv"a*ble (r?-z?lv"?-b'l), a.
[See Resolve, and cf. Resoluble.]
Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into
constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting
solution or explanation; as, resolvable compounds;
resolvable ideas or difficulties.
Re*solv"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being resolvable; resolvability.
Re*solve" (r?*z?lv"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resolved
(-z?lvd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Resolving.] [L. resolvere,
resolutum, to untie, loosen, relax, enfeeble; pref.
re- re- + solvere to loosen, dissolve: cf.
F. r\'82soudare to resolve. See Solve, and
cf. Resolve, v. i., Resolute,
Resolution.] 1. To separate the
component parts of; to reduce to the constituent elements; --
said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or
dissolve.
O, that this too too solid flesh would melt,
Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!
Shak.
Ye immortal souls, who once were men,
And now resolved to elements again.
Dryden.
2. To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; --
said of complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or
certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to
explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; as, to
resolve a riddle. \'bdResolve my
doubt.\'b8
Shak.
To the resolving whereof we must first know that
the Jews were commanded to divorce an unbelieving Gentile.
Milton.
3. To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint;
to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.
Sir, be resolved. I must and will come.
Beau & Fl.
Resolve me, Reason, which of these is worse,
Want with a full, or with an empty purse?
Pope.
In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am
resolved it can not be equaled by any region.
Sir W. Raleigh.
We must be resolved how the law can be pure and
perspicuous, and yet throw a polluted skirt over these Eleusinian
mysteries.
Milton.
4. To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready
in mind; to fix; to settle; as, he was resolved by
an unexpected event.
5. To express, as an opinion or determination, by
resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; --
followed by a clause; as, the house resolved (or, it was
resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or,
to appropriate no money).
6. To change or convert by resolution or formal
vote; -- used only reflexively; as, the house
resolved itself into a committee of the
whole.
7. (Math.) To solve, as a problem, by
enumerating the several things to be done, in order to obtain
what is required; to find the answer to, or the result of.
Hutton.
8. (Med.) To dispere or scatter; to
discuss, as an inflammation or a tumor.
9. (Mus.) To let the tones (as of a
discord) follow their several tendencies, resulting in a
concord.
10. To relax; to lay at ease.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
To resolve a nebula.(Astron.) See
Resolution of a nebula, under
Resolution.
Syn. -- To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle.
Re*solve" (r?-z?lv"), v. i.
[The sense \'bdto be convinced, to determine\'b8 comes from
the idea of loosening, breaking up into parts, analyzing, hence,
determining.]
1. To be separated into its component parts or
distinct principles; to undergo resolution.
2. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.
When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates,
then resolves, and turns alkaline.
Arbuthhnot.
3. To be settled in opinion; to be convinced.
[R.]
Let men resolve of that as they plaease.
Locke.
4. To form a purpose; to make a decision;
especially, to determine after reflection; as, to
resolve on a better course of life.
Syn. -- To determine; decide; conclude; purpose.
Re*solve", n. 1. The act of
resolving or making clear; resolution; solution. \'bdTo
give a full resolve of that which is so much
controverted.\'b8
Milton.
2. That which has been resolved on or determined;
decisive conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or
official determination; a legislative declaration; a
resolution.
Nor is your firm resolve unknown.
Shak.
C\'91sar's approach has summoned us together,
And Rome attends her fate from our resolves.
Addison.
Re*solved" (r?-z?lvd"), p. p. & a.
Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually
placed after its noun; as, a man resolved to be
rich.
That makes him a resolved enemy.
Jer. Taylor.
I am resolved she shall not settle here.
Fielding.
Re*solv"ed*ly (r?z?lv"?d-l?), adv.
1. So as to resolve or clear up difficulties;
clearly. [Obs.]
Of that, and all the progress, more or less,
Resolvedly more leisure shall express.
Shak.
2. Resolutely; decidedly; firmly.
Grew.
Re*solv"ed*ness, n. Fixedness of
purpose; firmness; resolution.
Dr. H. More.
Re*solv"ent (-ent), a.
Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent.
Re*solv"ent, n. [L.
resolvens, p. pr. of resolvere: cf. F.
r\'82solvant. See Resolve.] 1.
That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution;
a solvent.
2. (Med.) That which has power to
disperse inflammatory or other tumors; a discutient; anything
which aids the absorption of effused products.
Coxe.
3. (Math.) An equation upon whose
solution the solution of a given pproblem depends.
Re*solv"er (r?-z?lv"?r), n.
1. That which decomposes, or dissolves.
Boyle.
2. That which clears up and removes difficulties,
and makes the mind certain or determined.
Bp. Burnet.
3. One who resolves, or formal a firm
purpose.
Res"o*nance (r?z"?-nans),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82sonance, L.
resonantia an echo.] 1. The act of
resounding; the quality or state of being resonant.
2. (Acoustics) A prolongation or
increase of any sound, eithar by reflection, as in a cavern or
apartment the walls of which are not distant enough to return a
distinct echo, or by the production of vibrations in other
bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical
instruments.
Pulmonary resonance (Med.), the
sound heard on percussing over the lungs. -- Vocal
resonance (Med.), the sound transmitted to
the ear when auscultation is made while the patient is
speaking.
Res"o*nan*cy (-nan-s?), n.
Resonance.
Res"o*nant (-nant), a.
[L. resonans, p. pr. of resonare to
resound: cf. F. r\'82sonnant. See
Resound.] Returning, or capable of returning,
sound; fitted to resound; resounding; echoing back.
Through every hour of the golden morning, the streets were
resonant with female parties of young and old.
De Quincey.
Res"o*nant*ly, adv. In a reasonant
manner.
Res"o*na`tor (-n?`t?r), n.
(Acoustics) Anything which resounds;
specifically, a vessel in the form of a cylinder open at one end,
or a hollow ball of brass with two apertures, so contrived as to
greatly intensify a musical tone by its resonance. It is used for
the study and analysis of complex sounds.
Re*sorb" (r?-s?rb"), v. t. [L.
reorbere; pref. re- re- +
sorbere to suck or drink in.] To swallow
up.
Now lifted by the tide, and now resorbed.
Young.
Re*sorb"ent (-ent), a.
[L. resorbens, p. pr. of
resorbere.] Swallowing up.
Wodhull.
Res*or"cin (r?z-?r"s?n), n.
[Resin + orcin. So called because in
its higher homologue it resembles orcin.]
(Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance of the
phenol series, obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum,
asafetida, etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced
artificially and used in making certain dyestuffs, as
phthale\'8bn, fluoresce\'8bn, and eosin.
Res`or*cyl"ic (r?z`?r-s?l"?k), a.
(Chem.) Of, or pertaining to, or producing,
resorcin; as, resorcylic acid.
Re*sorp"tion (r?*s?rp"sh?n), n.
The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again;
reabsorption.
Re*sort" (r?*z?rt"), n. [F.
ressort.] Active power or movement;
spring. [A Gallicism] [Obs.]
Some . . . know the resorts and falls of business
that can not sink into the main of it.
Bacon.
Re*sort", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Resorted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Resorting.] [OF. resortir to
withdraw, take refuge, F. ressortir to be in the
jurisdiction, LL. resortire; pref. re- re-
+ L. sortiri to draw lots, obtain by lot, from
sors lot. See Sort. The meaning is first to
reobtain (by lot), then to gain by appeal to a higher court (as a
law term), to appeal, go for protection or refuge.]
1. To go; to repair; to betake one's self.
What men name resort to him?
Shak.
2. To fall back; to revert.
[Obs.]
The inheritance of the son never resorted to the
mother, or to any of her ancestors.
Sir M. Hale.
<-- p. 1227 -->
3. To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for
help, relief, or advantage.
The king thought it time to resort to other
counsels.
Clarendon.
Re*sort" (r?*z?rt"), n. [Cf. F.
ressort jurisdiction. See Resort,
v.] 1. The act of going to, or
making application; a betaking one's self; the act of visiting or
seeking; recourse; as, a place of popular
resort; -- often figuratively; as, to have
resort to force.
Join with me to forbid him her resort.
Shak.
2. A place to which one betakes himself habitually;
a place of frequent assembly; a haunt.
Far from all resort of mirth.
Milton.
3. That to which one resorts or looks for help;
resource; refuge.
Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also,
final tribunal; that from which there is no appeal.
Re*sort"er (-?r), n. One who
resorts; a frequenter.
Re*soun" (r?*z??n"), n.
Reason. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*soun", v. i. & t. To resound.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re-sound" (r?*sound"), v. t. & i.
[Pref. re- + sound.] To sound again
or anew.
Re*sound" (r?*zound"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Resounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Resounding.] [OE.
resounen, OF. resoner, F.
r\'82sonner, from L. resonare; pref.
re- re- + sonare to sound, sonus
sound. See Sound to make a noise.] 1.
To sound loudly; as, his voice resounded
far.
2. To be filled with sound; to ring; as, the
woods resound with song.
3. To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound.
\'bdCommon fame . . . resounds back to them again.\'b8
South.
4. To be mentioned much and loudly.
Milton.
5. To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; as,
the earth resounded with his praise.
Re*sound", v. t. 1. To throw
back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to reverberate.
Albion's cliffs resound the rur//ay.
Pope.
2. To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the
sound of instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame
of.
The man for wisdom's various arts renowned,
Long exercised in woes, O muse, resound.
Pope.
Syn. -- To echo; re\'89cho; reverberate; sound.
Re*sound", n. Return of sound;
echo.
Beaumont.
Re*source" (r?*s?rs"), n. [F.
ressource, fr. OF. ressourdre,
resourdre, to spring forth or up again; pref.
re- re- + sourdre to spring forth. See
Source.] 1. That to which one
resorts orr on which one depends for supply or support; means of
overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient.
Threat'nings mixed with prayers, his last
resource.
Dryden.
2. pl. Pecuniary means; funds; money,
or any property that can be converted into supplies; available
means or capabilities of any kind.
Scotland by no means escaped the fate ordained for every
country which is connected, but not incorporated, with another
country of greater resources.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Expedient; resort; means; contrivance.
Re*source"ful (-f?l), a. Full
of resources.
Re*source"less, a. Destitute of
resources.
Burke.
-- Re*source"less*ness, n.
R. Browning.
Re*sow" (r?*s?"), v. t. To sow
again.
Bacon.
Re*sown" (r?*zoun"), v. To
resound. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*speak" (r?*sp?k"), v. t.
1. To speak or utter again.
2. To answer; to echo. [Obs. or
Poetic]
Shak.
Re*spect" (r?*sp?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Respected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Respecting.] [L.
respectare, v. intens. from respicere,
respectum, to look back, respect; pref. re-
re- + specere, spicere, to look, to view:
cf. F. respecter. See Spy, and cf.
Respite.] 1. To take notice of; to
regard with special attention; to regard as worthy of special
consideration; hence, to care for; to heed.
Thou respectest not spilling Edward's blood.
Shak.
In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect
beauty as variety of ground for fruits, trees, and herbs.
Bacon.
2. To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with
honor. \'bdI do respect thee as my soul.\'b8
Shak.
3. To look toward; to front upon or toward.
[Obs.]
Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so
respect the //uth.
Sir T. Browne.
4. To regard; to consider; to deem.
[Obs.]
To whom my father gave this name of Gaspar,
And as his own respected him to death.
B. Jonson.
5. To have regard to; to have reference to; to
relateto; as, the treaty particularly respects our
commerce.
As respects, as regards; with regard to; as
to. Macaulay. -- To respect the
person persons, to favor a
person, or persons on corrupt grounds; to show partiality.
\'bdYe shall not respect persons in judgment.\'b8
Deut. i. 17.
Syn. -- To regard; esteem; honor; revere; venerate.
Re*spect", n. [L. respectus:
cf. F. respect. See Respect, v.,
and cf. Respite.] 1. The act of
noticing with attention; the giving particular consideration to;
hence, care; caution.
But he it well did ward with wise respect.
Spenser.
2. Esteem; regard; consideration; honor.
Seen without awe, and served without respect.
Prior.
The same men treat the Lord's Day with as little
respect.
R. Nelson.
3. pl. An expression of respect of
deference; regards; as, to send one's respects to
another.
4. Reputation; repute. [Obs.]
Many of the best respect in Rome.
Shak.
5. Relation; reference; regard.
They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with
respect to the various benefits men received from him,
had several titles.
Tillotson.
4. Particular; point regarded; point of view;
as, in this respect; in any respect; in all
respects.
Everything which is imperfect, as the world must be
acknowledged in many respects.
Tillotson.
In one respect I'll be thy assistant.
Shak.
7. Consideration; motive; interest.
[Obs.] \'bdWhatever secret respects were
likely to move them.\'b8
Hooker.
To the publik good
Private respects must yield.
Milton.
In respect, in comparison.
[Obs.] Shak. -- In respect of.
(a) In comparison with. [Obs.]
Shak. (b) As to; in regard to.
[Archaic] \'bdMonsters in respect of
their bodies.\'b8 Bp. Wilkins. \'bdIn respect
of these matters.\'b8 Jowett. (Thucyd. ) --
In, With, respect
to, in relation to; with regard to; as respects.
Tillotson. -- To have respect of
persons, to regard persons with partiality or undue
bias, especially on account of friendship, power, wealth, etc.
\'bdIt is not good to have respect of persons in
judgment.\'b8 Prov. xxiv. 23.
Syn. -- Deference; attention; regard; consideration;
estimation. See Deference.
Re*spect`a*bil"i*ty (r?*sp?kt`?*b?l"?*t?),
n. The state or quality of being respectable; the
state or quality which deserves or commands respect.
Re*spect"a*ble (-/-b'l), a.
[F. respectable, LL.
respectabilis.] 1. Worthy of
respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard; hence, of
good repute; not mean; as, a respectable
citizen. \'bdThe respectable quarter of
Sicca.\'b8
J. H. Newman.
No government, any more than an individual, will long be
respected, without being truly respectable.
Madison.
2. Moderate in degree of excellence or in number;
as, a respectable performance; a
respectable audience.
--Re*spect"a*ble*ness,n. --
Re*spect"a*bly, adv.
Re*spect"ant (-ant), a.
[F., p. pr. of respecter. See
Respect.] (Her.) Placed so as to
face one another; -- said of animals.
Re*spect"er (-?r), n. One who
respects.
A respecter of persons, one who regards or
judges with partiality.
Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of
persons.
Acts x. 34.
Re*spect"ful (-f?l), a. Marked
or characterized by respect; as, respectful
deportment.
With humble joi and with respectful fear.
Prior.
-- Re*spect"ful*ly, adv. --
Re*spect"ful*ness, n.
Re*spect"ing, prep. With regard or
relation to; regarding; concerning; as, respecting
his conduct there is but one opinion.
Re*spec"tion (r?*sp?k"sh?n), n.
[Cf.LL. respectio.] The act of
respecting; respect; regard. [Obs.]
Without difference or respection of persons.
Tyndale.
Re*spec"tive (r?*sp?k"t?v), a.
[Cf. F. respectif, LL. respectivus.
See Respect.] 1. Noticing with
attention; hence, careful; wary; considerate.
[Obs.]
If you look upon the church of England with a
respective eye, you can not . . . refuse this
charge.
A/p. Sandys.
2. Looking towardl having reference to; relative,
not absolute; as, the respective connections of
society.
3. Relating to particular persons or things, each
to each; particular; own; as, they returned to their
respective places of abode.
4. Fitted to awaken respect.
[Obs.]
Shak.
5. Rendering respect; respectful; regardful.
[Obs.]
With respective shame, rose, took us by the
hands.
Chapman.
With thy equals familiar, yet respective.
Lord Burleigh.
Re*spec"tive*ly, adv. 1. As
relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each; as each
refers to each in order; as, let each man
respectively perform his duty.
The impressions from the objects or the senses do mingle
respectively every one with its kind.
Bacon.
2. Relatively; not absolutely.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
3. Partially; with respect to private views.
[Obs.]
4. With respect; regardfully.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re*spect"less (r?*sp?kt"l?s), a.
Having no respect; without regard; regardless.
Rather than again
Endure, respectless, their so moving c/ies.
Chapman.
-- Re*spect"less*ness, n.
[R.]
Shelton.
Re*spec"tu*ous (r?*sp?k"t?*?s;135),
a. 1. Respectful; as, a
respectuous silence. [Obs.]
Boyle.
2. Respectable. [Obs.]
Knolles.
Re*spell" (r?*sp?l"), v. t. To
spell again.
Re*sperse" (r?*sp?rs"), v. t.
[L. respersus, p. p. of respergere;
pref. re- re- + spargere to srew,
sprinkle.] To sprinkle; to scatter.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Re*sper"sion (r?*sp?r"sh?n), n.
[L. respersio.] The act of sprinkling
or scattering. [Obs.]
Re*spir`a*bil"i*ty (r?*sp?r`?*b?l"?*t? , n. [Cf. F.
respirabilit/.] The quality or state of
being respirable; respirableness.
Re*spir"a*ble (r?*sp?r"?*b'l , a. [Cf. F.
respirable.] Suitable for being breathed;
adapted for respiration. --
Re*spir"a*ble*ness, n.
Res`pi*ra"tion (r?s`p?*r?"sh?n), n.
[L. respiratio: cf. F. respiration.
See Respire.] 1. The act of
respiring or breathing again, or catching one's breath.
2. Relief from toil or suffering: rest.
[Obs.]
Till the day
Appear of respiration to the just
And vengeance to the wicked.
Milton.
3. Interval; intermission.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
4. (Physiol.) The act of resping or
breathing; the act of taking in and giving out air; the aggregate
of those processes bu which oxygen is introduced into the system,
and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, removed.
a) Internal respiration, or the
interchange of oxygen and carbonic acid between the cells of the
body and the bathing them, which in one sense is a process of
nutrition. (b) External respiration, or
the gaseous interchange taking place in the special respiratory
organs, the lungs. This constitutes respiration proper.
Gamgee.
In the respiration of plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and
carbonic acid exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured
by another process which goes on with more vigor, in which the
plant inhales and absorbs carbonic acid and exhales free
oxygen.
Res`pi*ra"tion*al (r?s`p?*r?"sh?n-al),
a. Of or pertaining to respiration; as,
respirational difficulties.
Re*spir"a*tive (r?*sp?*r?*t?v), a.
Of or pertaining to respiration; as,
respirative organs.
Res"pi*ra`tor (r?s"p?*r?`t?r), n.
[Cf. F. respirateur.] A divice of
gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to prevent the
inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being warmed
by the breath, it tempers cold air passing through it, and may
also be used for the inhalation of medicated vapors.
Re*spir"a*to*ry (r?*sp?r"?*t?*r? , a. (Physiol.) Of or
pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as, the
respiratory organs; respiratory nerves; the
respiratory function; respiratory
changes.
Respiratory foods. (Physiol.) See
2d Note under Food, n., 1. --
Respiratory tree (Zo\'94l.), the
branched internal gill of certain holothurians.
Re*spire" (r?*sp?r), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Respired
(-sp?rd"); p. pr. & vvb. n.
Respiring.] [L. respirare,
respiratum; pref. re- re- +
spirare to breathe: cf. F. respirer. See
Spirit.] 1. To take breath again;
hence, to take rest or refreshment.
Spenser.
Here leave me to respire.
Milton.
From the mountains where I now respire.
Byron.
2. (Physiol.) To breathe; to inhale air
into the lungs, and exhale it from them, successively, for the
purpose of maintaining the vitality of the blood.
Re*spire", v. t. 1. To breathe
in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to breathe.
A native of the land where I respire
The clear air for a while.
Byron.
2. To breathe out; to exhale.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
Res"pite (r?s"p?t), n. [OF.
respit, F. r\'82pit, from L.
respectus respect, regard, delay, in LL., the
deferring of a day. See Respect.] 1.
A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or
delay.
I crave but four day's respite.
Shak.
2. Temporary intermission of labor, or of any
process or operation; interval of rest; pause; delay.
\'bdWithout more respite.\'b8
Chaucer.
Some pause and respite only I require.
Denham.
3. (Law) (a) Temporary
suspension of the execution of a capital offender;
reprieve. (b) The delay of appearance at
court granted to a jury beyond the proper term.
Syn. -- Pause; interval; stop; cessation; delay;
postponement; stay; reprieve.
Res"pite, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Respited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Respiting.] [OF. respiter,
LL. respectare. See Respite,
n.] To give or grant a respite to.
Specifically: (a) To delay or postpone; to put
off. (b) To keep back from execution; to
reprieve.
Forty days longer we do respite you.
Shak.
(c) To relieve by a pause or interval of
rest. \'bdTo respite his day labor with
repast.\'b8
Milton.
Res"pite*less, a. Without respite.
Baxter.
{ Re*splen"dence (r?*spl?n"dens),
Re*splen"den*cy (-den*s?), }
n. [L. resplendentia.] The
quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster; vivid
brightness; splendor.
Son! thou in whom my glory I behold
In full resplendence, heir of all my might.
Milton.
The resplendency of his own almighty goodness.
Dr. J. Scott.
Re*splen"dent (-dent), a.
[L. resplendens, -entis, p. pr. of
resplendere to shine brightly; pref. re-
re- + splendere to shine. See
Splendid.] Shining with brilliant luster;
very bright. -- Re*splen"dent*ly,
adv.
With royal arras and resplendent gold.
Spenser.
Re*splen"dish*ant (-d?sh*ant),
a. Resplendent; brilliant. [R. &
Obs.]
Fabyan.
Re*splen"dish*ing, a. Resplendent.
[Obs.]
Re*split" (r?*spl?t"), v. t. & i.
To split again.
Re*spond" (r?*sp?nd"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Responded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Responding.] [OF.
respondre, F. r\'82pondre, fr. L.
respondere, responsum; pref. re-
re- + spondere to promise. See
Sponsor.] 1. To say somethin in
return; to answer; to reply; as, to respond to a
question or an argument.
2. To show some effect in return to a force; to act
in response; to accord; to correspond; to suit.
A new affliction strings a new cord in the heart, which
responds to some new note of complaint within the wide
scale of human woe.
Buckminster.
To every theme responds thy various lay.
Broome.
3. To render satisfaction; to be answerable;
as, the defendant is held to respond in
damages. [U.S.]
Syn. -- To answer; reply; rejoin. See Reply.
Re*spond", v. t. 1. To answer;
to reply.
2. To suit or accord with; to correspond to.
[R.]
For his great deeds respond his speeches great.
Fairfax.
Re*spond", n. 1. An answer; a
response. [R.]
2. (Eccl.) A short anthem sung at
intervals during the reading of a chapter.
3. (Arch.) A half pier or pillar
attached to a wall to support an arch.
Oxf. Gloss.
{ Re*spond"ence (-?ns),
Re*spond"en*cy (-en*s?), }
n. The act of responding; the state of being
respondent; an answering.
A. Chalmers.
The angelical soft trembling voice made
To the instruments divine respondence meet.
Spenser.
Re*spond"ent (-ent), a.
[L. respondens, p. pr. of
respondere.] Disposed or expected to
respond; answering; according; corresponding.
Wealth respondent to payment and contributions.
Bacon.
Re*spond"ent, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82pondant.] One who responds. It
corresponds in general to defendant.
Specifically: (a) (Law) One who answers
in certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not
according to the course of the common law, as in equity and
admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the like; --
distinquished from appellant. (b)
One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it
is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished
from opponent.
I. Watts.
<-- p. 1228 -->
\'d8Re`spon*den"ti*a (r?`sp?n*d?n"sh?*?),
n. [NL. See Respondence.]
(Commercial Law) A loan upon goods laden on board
a ship. It differs from bottomry, which is a loan on
the ship itself.
Bouvier.
Re*spon"sal (r?*sp?n"sal),
a. Answerable. [Obs.]
Re*spon"sal, n. [Cf.LL.
resposalis.] 1. One who is
answerable or responsible. [Obs.]
Barrow.
2. Response. [Obs.]
Brevint.
Re*sponse" (r?*sp?ns"), n. [OF.
response, respons, F.
r\'82ponse, from L. responsum, from
respondere. See Respond.] 1.
The act of responding.
2. An answer or reply. Specifically:
(a) Reply to an objection in formal
disputation. I. Watts. (b)
(Eccl.) The answer of the people or congregation
to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts of
divine service. (c) (R.C.Ch.) A
kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and some other
parts of the office. (d) (Mus.) A
repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the
fifth above or fourth below. Busby.
Re*sponse"less, a. Giving no
response.
Re*spon`si*bil"i*ty (r?*sp?n`s?*b?l"?*t?),
n.; pl. -ties (-t/z).
[Cf. F. responsabilit\'82.] 1.
The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable,
as for a trust, debt, or obligation.
2. That for which anyone is responsible or
accountable; as, the resonsibilities of
power.
3. Ability to answer in payment; means of
paying.
Re*spon"si*ble (r?*sp?n"s?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. responsable. See Respond.]
1. Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to
answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is
responsible to the court for his conduct in the
office.
2. Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and
obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to
have a responsible man for surety.
3. Involving responsibility; involving a degree of
accountability on the part of the person concerned; as, a
responsible office.
Syn. -- Accountable; answerable; amenable.
-- Re*spon"si*ble*ness, n. --
Re*spon"si*bly, adv.
Re*spon"sion (-sh?n), n. [L.
responsio. See Respond.] 1.
The act of answering. [Obs.]
2. (University of Oxford) The first
university examination; -- called also little
go. See under Little, a.
Re*spon"sive (-s?v), a. [Cf. F.
resposif.] 1. That responds; ready
or inclined to respond.
2. Suited to something else; correspondent.
The vocal lay responsive to the strings.
Pope.
3. Responsible. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
-- Re*spon"sive*ly, adv. --
Re*spon"sive*ness, n.
Re`spon*so"ri*al (r?`sp?n*s?"r?-al),
a. Responsory; antiphonal.
J. H. Newman.
Re*spon"so*ry (r?*sp?n"s?*r?), a.
Containing or making answer; answering.
Johnson.
Re*spon"so*ry, n.; pl. -ries
(-r/z). [LL.
responsorium.] 1. (Eccl.)
(a) The answer of the people to the priest in
alternate speaking, in church service. (b) A
versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a refrain.
Which, if should repeat again, would turn my answers into
responsories, and beget another liturgy.
Milton.
2. (Eccl.) An antiphonary; a response
book.
Rest (r?st), v. t. [For
arrest.] To arrest.
[Obs.]
Rest, n. [AS. rest,
r/st, rest; akin to D. rust, G.
rast. OHG. rasta, Dan. & Sw.
rast rest, repose, Icel. r/st the
distance between two resting places, a mole, Goth.
rasta a mile, also to Goth. razn house,
Icel. rann, and perhaps to G. ruhe rest,
repose, AS. r/w, Gr. /// Cf.
Ransack.] 1. A state of quiet or
repose; a cessation from motion or labor; tranquillity; as,
rest from mental exertion; rest of body or
mind.
Chaucer.
Sleep give thee all his rest!
Shak.
2. Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or
disturbs; peace; security.
And the land had rest fourscore years.
Judges iii. 30.
3. Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death.
How sleep the brave who sink to rest,
By all their country's wishes blest.
Collins.
4. That on which anything rests or leans for
support; as, a rest in a lathe, for supporting the
cutting tool or steadying the work.
He made narrowed rests round about, that the beams
should not be fastened in the walls of the house.
1 Kings vi. 6.
5. (Anc. Armor) A projection from the
right side of the cuirass, serving to support the lance.
Their visors closed, their lances in the rest.
Dryden.
6. A place where one may rest, either temporarily,
as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode. \'bdHalfway
houses and travelers' rests.\'b8
J. H. Newman.
In dust our final rest, and native home.
Milton.
Ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the
inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you.
Deut. xii. 9.
7. (Pros.) A short pause in reading
verse; a c
8. The striking of a balance at regular intervals
in a running account. \'bdAn account is said to be taken
with annual or semiannual rests.\'b8
Abbott.
9. A set or game at tennis.
[Obs.]
10. (Mus.) Silence in music or in one of
its parts; the name of the character that stands for such
silence. They are named as notes are, whole,
half, quarter,etc.
Rest house, an empty house for the
accomodation of travelers; a caravansary.
[India] -- To set, To set
up, one's rest, to have a settled
determination; -- from an old game of cards, when one so
expressed his intention to stand or rest upon his hand.
[Obs.] Shak. Bacon.
Syn. -- Cessation; pause; intermission; stop; stay; repose;
slumber; quiet; ease; quietness; stillness; tranquillity;
peacefulness; pease. -- Rest,
Repose. Rest is a ceasing from labor or
exertion; repose is a mode of resting which gives
relief and refreshment after toil and labor. The words are
commonly interchangeable.
Rest (r?st), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rested; p. pr.
& vb. n. Resting.] [AS.
restan. See Rest, n.]
1. To cease from action or motion, especially from
action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or
exertion.
God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his
work which he had made.
Gen. ii. 2.
Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou
shalt rest.
Ex. xxiii. 12.
2. To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to
be quiet or still.
There rest, if any rest can harbor there.
Milton.
3. To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; as,
to rest on a couch.
4. To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported;
as, a column rests on its pedestal.
5. To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be
dead.
Fancy . . . then retries
Into her private cell when Nature rests.
Milton.
6. To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to
repose without anxiety; as, to rest on a man's
promise.
On him I rested, after long debate,
And not without considering, fixed // fate.
Dryden.
7. To be satisfied; to acquiesce.
To rest in Heaven's determination.
Addison.
To rest with, to be in the power of; to depend
upon; as, it rests with him to decide.
Rest, v. t. 1. To lay or place
at rest; to quiet.
Your piety has paid
All needful rites, to rest my wandering shade.
Dryden.
2. To place, as on a support; to cause to
lean.
Her weary head upon your bosom rest.
Waller.
Rest, n. [F. reste, fr.
rester to remain, L. restare to stay back,
remain; pref. re- re- + stare to stand,
stay. See Stand, and cf. Arrest,
Restive.] (With the definite article.) 1.
That which is left, or which remains after the separation of
a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder;
residue.
Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort
of having done our duty, and, for the rest, it offers
us the best security that Heaven can give.
Tillotson.
2. Those not included in a proposition or
description; the remainder; others. \'bdPlato and the
rest of the philosophers.\'b8
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Armed like the rest, the Trojan prince appears.
DRyden.
3. (Com.) A surplus held as a reserved
fund by a bank to equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of
England, the balance of assets above liabilities.
[Eng.]
Syn. -- Remainder; overplus; surplus; remnant; residue;
reserve; others.
Rest, v. i. [F. rester. See
Rest remainder.] To be left; to remain; to
continue to be.
The affairs of men rest still uncertain.
Shak.
Re*stag"nant (r?*st?g"nant),
a. [L. restagnans, p. pr. ]
Stagnant; motionless. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*stag"nate (-n?t), v. i. [L.
restagnare to overflow.] To stagnate; to
cease to flow. [Obs.]
Wiseman.
Re`stag*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
[L. restagnatio aninundation.]
Stagnation. [Obs.]
Res"tant (r?s"tant), a.
[L. restans, p. pr. of restare: cf. F.
restant. See Rest remainder.]
(Bot.) Persistent.
Re*state" (r?*st?t"), v. t. To
state anew.
Palfrey.
Res"tau*rant (r?s"t?*r?nt;277), n.
[F., fr. restaurer. See Restore.]
An eating house.
Res"tau*rate (r?s"t?*r?t), v. t.
[L. restauratus, p. p. of restaurare.
See Restore.] To restore.
[Obs.]
\'d8Re`stau`ra`teur" (r?`st?`r?`t?r"),
n. [F.] The keeper of an eathing house
or a restaurant.
Res`tau*ra"tion (r?s`t?*r?"sh?n), n.
[LL. restauratio: cf. F.
restauration.] Restoration.
[Obs.]
Cower.
Re*stem" (r?*st?m"), v. t.
1. To force back against the current; as, to
restem their backward course.
Shak.
2. To stem, or /ove against; as, to
restem a current.
Rest"ful (r?st"f?l), a. 1.
Being at rest; quiet.
Shak.
2. Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble,
etc.
Tired with all these, for restful death I cry.
Shak.
-- Rest"ful*ly, adv. --
Rest"ful*ness, n.
Rest"-har`row (-h?r`r?), n.
(Bot.) A European leguminous plant (Ononis
arvensis) with long, tough roots.
Rest"iff, a. Restive.
[Obs.]
Rest"iff, n. A restive or stubborn
horse. [Obs.]
Rest"iff*ness, n. Restiveness.
[Obs.]
Res"ti*form (r?s"t?*f?rm),
a.[L. restis rope +
-form.] (Anat.) Formed like a
rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike bundles or masses
of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla oblongata.
Rest"i*ly (r?st"?*l?), adv. In
a resty manner. [Obs.]
Re*stinc"tion (r?*st?nk"sh?n),
n.[L. restinctio. See
Restinguish.] Act of quenching or
extingishing. [Obs.]
Rest"i*ness (r?st`*n?s), n. The
quality or state of being resty; sluggishness.
[Obs.]
The snake by restiness and lying still all
winter.
Holland.
Rest"ing, a. & n. from Rest,
v. t. & i.
Resting spore (Bot.), a spore in
certain orders of alg\'91, which remains quiescent, retaining its
vitality, for long periods of time.
C. E. Bessey.
Re*stin"guish (r?*st?n"gw?sh), v. t.
[L. restinquere, restinctum; pref.
re- re- + stinquere to quench.]
To quench or extinguish. [Obs.]
R. Field.
Res"ti*tute (r?s"t?*t?t), v. t.
[L. restitutus, p. p. of restituere;
pref. re- re- + statuere to put, place. See
Statute.] To restore to a former state.
[R.]
Dyer.
Res"ti*tute, n.That which is restored or
offered in place of something; a substitute.
[R.]
Res`ti*tu"tion (r?s`t?*t?"sh?n), n.
[F. restitution, L. restitutio. See
Restitute, v.] 1. The act
of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making good,
or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury;
indemnification.
A restitution of ancient rights unto the crown.
Spenser.
He restitution to the value makes.
Sandys.
2. That which is offered or given in return for
what has been lost, injured, or destroved; compensation.
3. (Physics) The act of returning to, or
recovering, a former state; as, the restitution of
an elastic body.
4. (Med.) The movement of rotetion which
usually occurs in childbirth after the head has been delivered,
and which causes the latter to point towards the side to which it
was directed at the beginning of labor.
Syn. -- Restoration; return; indemnification; reparation;
compensation; amends; remuneration.
Res"ti*tu`tor (r?s"t?*t?`t?r), n.
[L.: cf. F. restituteur.] One who
makes restitution. [R].
Rest"ive (r?st"?v), a. [OF.
restif, F. r\'82tif, fr. L.
restare to stay back, withstand, resist. See
Rest remainder, and cf. Restiff.] .
Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward;
stubborn; drawing back.
Restive or resty, drawing back, instead of going
forward, as some horses do.
E. Philips (1658).
The people remarked with awe and wonder that the beasts which
were to drag him [Abraham Holmes] to the gallows became
restive, and went back.
Macaulay.
2. Inactive; sluggish. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
3. Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or
opposition; refractory.
4. Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still;
fidgeting about; -- applied especially to horses.
Trench.
-- Rest"ive, adv. --
Rest"ive*ness, n.
Rest"less, a. [AS.
restle\'a0s.] 1. Never resting;
unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as, a restless
child. Chaucer. \'bdRestless
revolution day by day.\'b8
Milton.
2. Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse
to repose or quiet; eager for change; discontented; as,
restless schemers; restless ambition;
restless subjects. \'bdRestless
at home , and ever prone to range.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Deprived of rest or sleep.
Restless he passed the remnants of the night.
Dryden.
4. Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has
had a restless night.
5. Not affording rest; as, a restless
chair.
Cowper.
Restless thrush. (Zo\'94l.) See
Grinder, 3.
Syn. -- Unquiet; uneasy; disturbed; disquieted; sleepless;
agitated; unsettled; roving; wandering.
-- Rest"less*ly, adv.-
Rest"less*ness, n.
Re*stor"a*ble (r?*st?r"?*b'l), a.
Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed;
as, restorable land. Swift. --
Re*stor"a*ble*ness, n.
Re*stor"al (-al),
n.Restoration. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Res`to*ra"tion (r?s`t?*r?"sh?n), n.
[OE. restauracion, F. restauration,
fr. L. restauratio. See Restore.]
1. The act of restoring or bringing back to a
former place, station, or condition; the fact of being restored;
renewal; re\'89stablishment; as, the restoration of
friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace
after war.
Behold the different climes agree,
Rejoicing in thy restoration.
Dryden.
2. The state of being restored; recovery of health,
strength, etc.; as, restoration from
sickness.
3. That which is restored or renewed.
The restoration (Eng. Hist.), the
return of King Charles II. in 1660, and the re\'89stablishment of
monarchy. -- Universal restoration
(Theol.), the final recovery of all men from sin
and alienation from God to a state of happiness; universal
salvation.
Syn. -- Recovery; replacement; renewal; renovation;
redintegration; reinstatement; re\'89stablishment; return;
revival; restitution; reparation.
Res`to*ra"tion*er (-?r), n. A
Restorationist.
Res`to*ra"tion*ism (-?z'm), n.
The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists.
Res`to*ra"tion*ist, n.One who believes
in a temporary future punishment and a final restoration of all
to the favor and presence of God; a Universalist.
Re*stor"a*tive (r?*st?r"?*t?v), a.
[Cf. F. restoratif.] Of or pertaining
to restoration; having power to restore.
Destroys life's enemy,
Hunger, with sweet restorative delight.
Milton.
Re*stor"a*tive, n. Something which
serves to restore; especially, a restorative medicine.
Arbuthnot.
Re*stor"a*tive*ly, adv. In a restorative
manner.
Res"to*ra`tor (r?s"t?*r?`t?r), n.
A restaurateur.
Re*stor"a*to*ry (r?*st?r"?*t?*r?),
a. Restorative. [R.]
Re-store" (r?*st?r"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + store.] To store again;
as, the goods taken out were re-stored.
Re*store" (r?*st?r"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Restored
(r?-st?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Restoring.] [OE. restoren,
OF. restorer, F. restaurer, fr. L.
restaurare; pref. re- re- + an unused word;
cf. Gr. //// an upright pale or stake, Skr.
sth/vara fixed, firm. Cf. Restaurant,
Store.] To bring back to its former state; to
bring back from a state of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to
repair; to renew; to recover. \'bdTo restore and
to build Jerusalem.\'b8
Dan. ix. 25.
Our fortune restored after the severest
afflictions.
Prior.
And his hand was restored whole as the other.
Mark iii. 5.
2. To give or bring back, as that which has been
lost., or taken away; to bring back to the owner; to
replace.
Now therefore restore the man his wife.
Gen. xx. 7.
Loss of Eden, till one greater man
Restore us, and regain the blissful seat.
Milton.
The father banished virtue shall restore.
Dryden.
3. To renew; to re\'89stablish; as, to
restore harmony among those who are variance.
4. To give in place of, or as satisfaction
for.
He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four
sheep for a sheep.
Ex. xxii. 1.
<-- p. 1229 -->
5. To make good; to make amends for.
But if the while I think on thee, dear friend,
All losses are restored, and sorrows end.
Shak.
6. (Fine Arts) (a) To bring
back from a state of injury or decay, or from a changed
condition; as, to restore a painting, statue,
etc. (b) To form a picture or model of, as of
something lost or mutilated; as, to restore a ruined
building, city, or the like.
Syn. -- To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate;
rebuild; re\'89stablish; renew; repair; revive; recover; heal;
cure.
Re*store" (?), n.
Restoration. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*store"ment (?),
n.Restoration. [Obs.]
Re*stor"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, restores.
Re*strain" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Restrained
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Restraining.] [OE.
restreinen, F. restreindre, fr. L.
restringere, restrictum; pref.
re- re- + stringere to draw, bind, or press
together. See Strain, v. t., and cf.
Restrict.] 1. To draw back again; to
hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by
physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle; to
repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb.
Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature
Gives way to in repose!
Shak.
2. To draw back toghtly, as a rein.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to
abridge.
Though they two were committed, at least restrained
of their liberty.
Clarendon.
4. To limit; to confine; to restrict.
Trench.
Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral, universality
also is to be restrained by a part of the
predicate.
I. Watts.
5. To withhold; to forbear.
Thou restrained prayer before God.
Job. xv. 4.
Syn. -- To check; hinder; stop; withhold; repress; curb;
suppress; coerce; restrict; limit; confine.
Re*strain"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being restrained; controllable.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*strain"ed*ly, adv. With
restraint.
Hammond.
Re*strain"er (?), n. One who,
or that which, restrains.
Re*strain"ment (?), n. The act
of restraining.
Re*straint" (?), n. [OF.
restraincte, fr. restrainct, F.
restreint, p. p. of restraindre,
restrendre. See Restrain.] 1.
The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or
hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the
will, or of any action, physical or mental.
No man was altogether above the restrains of law,
and no man altogether below its protection.
Macaulay.
2. The state of being restrained.
3. That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition,
or the like; limitation; restriction.
For one restraint, lords of the world besides.
Milton.
Syn. -- Repression; hindrance; check; stop; curb;/oercion;
confinement; limitation; restriction.
Re*strength"en (?), v. t. To
strengthen again; to fortify anew.
Re*strict" (?), a. [L.
restrictus, p. p. of restringere. See
Restrain.] Restricted.
[Obs.]
Re*strict", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Restricted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Restricting.] To restrain within
bounds; to limit; to confine; as, to restrict worlds
to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a
certain diet.
Syn. -- To limit; bound; circumscribe; restrain; repress;
curb; coerce.
Re*stric"tion (?), n. [F.
restriction, L. restrictio.]
1. The act of restricting, or state of being
restricted; confinement within limits or bounds.
This is to have the same restriction with all other
recreations,that it be made a divertisement.
Giv. of Tonque.
2. That which restricts; limitation; restraint;
as, restrictions on trade.
Re*stric"tion*a*ry (?), a.
Restrictive. [R.]
Re*strict"ive (?), a. [Cf. F.
restrictif.]
1. Serving or tending to restrict; limiting;
as, a restrictive particle; restrictive
laws of trade.
2. Astringent or styptic in effect.
[Obs.]
Wiseman.
--Re*strict"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*strict"ive*ness, n.
Re*stringe" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Restringed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Restringing
(?).] [L. restringere. See
Restrain.] To confine; to contract; to
stringe. [Obs.]
Re*strin"gen*cy (?), n. Quality
or state of being restringent; astringency.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Petty.
Re*strin"gent (?), a. [L.
restringens, p. pr.: cf. F.
restringent.] Restringing; astringent;
styptic. [Obs.] -- n. A
restringent medicine. [Obs.]
Harvey.
Re*strive" (?), v. i. To strive
anew.
Rest"y (?), a. Disposed to
rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also, restive.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Where the master is too resty or too rich to say
his own prayers.
Milton.
Re`sub*jec"tion, n. A second
subjection.
Re`sub*lime" (?), v. t. To
sublime again. Newton. --
Re*sub`li*ma"tion (#),
n.
Re`su*da"tion (?), n. [L.
resudare to sweat again. See Sudation.]
Act of sweating again.
Re*sult" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Resulted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Resulting.] [F.
r\'82sulter, fr. L. resultare,
resultarum, to spring or leap back, v. intens. fr.
resilire. See Resile.] 1.
To leap back; to rebound. [Obs.]
The huge round stone, resulting with a bound.
Pope.
2. To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to
have consequences; -- followed by in; as, this
measure will result in good or in evil.
3. To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence,
from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances,
consultation, thought, or endeavor.
Pleasure and peace do naturally result from a holy
and good life.
Tillotson.
Resulting trust (Law), a trust
raised by implication for the benefit of a party granting an
estate. The phrase is also applied to a trust raised by
implication for the benefit of a party who advances the purchase
money of an estate, etc. Bouvier. -- Resulting
use (Law), a use which, being limited by the
deed, expires or can not vest, and thence returns to him who
raised it. Bouvier.
Syn. -- To proceed; spring; rise; arise; ensue;
terminate.
Re*sult" (?), n. 1. A
flying back; resilience. [Obs.]
Sound is produced between the string and the air by the return
or the result of the string.
Bacon.
2. That which results; the conclusion or end to
which any course or condition of things leads, or which is
obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect;
as, the result of a course of action; the
result of a mathematical operation.
If our proposals once again were heard,
We should compel them to a quick result.
Milton.
3. The decision or determination of a council or
deliberative assembly; a resolve; a decree.
Then of their session ended they bid cry
With trumpet's regal sound the great result.
Milton.
Syn. -- Effect; consequence; conclusion; inference; issue;
event. See Effect.
Re*sult"ance (?), n. The act of
resulting; that which results; a result.
Donne.
Re*sult"ant (?), a. [L.
resultans, p. pr. : cf. F.
r\'82sultant.] Resulting or issuing from a
combination; existing or following as a result or
consequence.
Resultant force motion (Mech.), a force which is
the result of two or more forces acting conjointly, or a motion
which is the result of two or more motions combined. See
Composition of forces, under
Composition.
Re*sult"ant, n. That which
results. Specifically: (a) (Mech.)
A reultant force or motion. (b)
(Math.) An eliminant.
The resultant of homogeneous general functions of
n variables is that function of their coefficients
which, equaled to zero, expresses in the simplest terms the
condition of the possibility of their existence.
Sylvester.
Re*sult"ate (?), n. [L.
resultatus, p. p. ] A result.
[Obs.] \'bdThe resultate of their
counsil.\'b8
BAcon.
Re*sult"ful (?), a. HAving
results or effects.
Re*sult"ive (?), a.
Resultant. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Re*sult"less, a. Being without result;
as, resultless investigations.
Re*sum"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of, or admitting of, being resumed.
Sir M. HAle.
\'d8Re`su"m\'82" (?), n. [F.
See Resume.] A summing up; a condensed
statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation.
The exellent little r\'82sum\'82 thereof in Dr.
Landsborough's book.
C. Kingsley.
Re*sume" (?), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Resumed
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Resuming.] [L. resumere,
resumptum; pref. re- re- +
sumere to take: cf. F. r\'82sumer. See
Assume, Redeem.] 1. To take
back.
The sun, like this, from which our sight we have,
Gazed on too long, resumes the light he gave.
Denham.
Perhaps God will resume the blessing he has
bestowed ere he attains the age of manhood.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To enter upon, or take up again.
Reason resumed her place, and Passion fled.
Dryden.
3. To begin again; to recommence, as something
which has been interrupted; as, to resume an
argument or discourse.
Re*sum"mon (?), v. t. To summon
again.
Re*sum"mons (?), n. A second
summons.
Re*sump"tion (?), n. [cf. F.
r\'82sumption, L. resumptio restoration,
recovery, fr. resumere. See Resume.]
1. The act of resuming; as, the
resumption of a grant, of delegated powers, of an
argument, of specie payments, etc.
2. (Eng.Law) The taking again into the
king's hands of such lands or tenements as he had granted to any
man on false suggestions or other error.
Re*sump"tive (?), a. [cf. L.
resumptivus restorative.] Taking back;
resuming, or tending toward resumption; as,
resumptive measures.
Re*su"pi*nate (?), a. [L.
resupinatus, p. p. of resupinare to bend
back. See Resupine.] Inverted in position;
appearing to be upside down or reversed, as the flowers of the
orchis and the leaves of some plants.
Re*su"pi*na`ted (?), a.
Resupinate.
Re*su`pi*na"tion (?), n. The
state of luing on the back; the state of being resupinate, or
reversed.
Our Vitruvius calleth this affection in the eye a
resupination of the figure.
Sir H. Wotton.
Re`su*pine" (?), a. [L.
resupinus; pref.re- re- +
supinus bent backward, supine.] Lying on
the back; supine; hence, careless.
Sir K. Digby.
He spake, and, downward swayed, fell resupine,
With his huge neck aslant.
Cowper.
Re`sup*ply" (?), v. t. To
supply again.
Re*sur"gence (?), n. The act of
rising again; resurrection.
Re*sur"gent (?), a. [L.
resurgens, -entis, p. pr. of
resurgere. See Resurrection.]
Rising again, as from the dead.
Coleridge.
Re*sur"gent, n. One who rises again, as
from the dead. [R.]
Sydney Smith.
Res`ir*rect" (?), v. t. [See
Resurrection.] 1. To take from the
grave; to disinter. [Slang]
2. To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to
view (that which was forgotten or lost).
[Slang]
Res`ur*rec"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82surrection, L. resurrectio, fr.
resurgere, resurrectum, to rise again;
pref. re- re- + surgere to rise. See
Source.] 1. A rising again; the
resumption of vigor.
2. Especially, the rising again from the dead; the
resumption of life by the dead; as, the resurrection
of Jesus Christ; the general resurrection of all the
dead at the Day of Judgment.
Nor after resurrection shall he stay
Longer on earth.
Milton.
3. State of being risen from the dead; future
state.
In the resurrection they neither marry nor are
given in marriage.
Matt. xxii. 30.
4. The cause or exemplar of a rising from the
dead.
I am the resurrection, and the life.
John xi. 25.
Cross of the resurrection, a slender cross
with a pennant floating from the junction of the bars. --
Resurrection plant (Bot.), a name given
to several species of Selaginella (as S.
convoluta and S. lepidophylla), flowerless
plants which, when dry, close up so as to resemble a bird's nest,
but revive and expand again when moistened. The name is sometimes
also given to the rose of Jericho. See under
Rose.
Res`ur*rec"tion*ist (?), n. One
who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection.
[Slang]
Res`ur*rec"tion*ize (?), v. t.
To raise from the dead. [R.]
Southey.
Re`sur*vey" (?), v. t. To
survey again or anew; to review.
Shak.
Re*sur"vey (?), n. A second or
new survey.
Re*sus"ci*ta*ble (?), a.
Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable
plants.
Boyle.
Re*sus"ci*tant (?), n. One who,
or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively.
Re*sus"ci*tate (?), a. [L.
resuscitatus, p. p. of resuscitare; pref.
re- re- + suscitare to raise, rouse. See
Suscitate.] Restored to life.
[R.]
Bp. Gardiner.
Re*sus"ci*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Resuscitated
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Resuscitating.] To revivify; to revive;
especially, to recover or restore from apparent death; as, to
resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate
withered plants.
Re*sus"ci*tate, v. i. To come to life
again; to revive.
These projects, however often slain, always
resuscitate.
J. S. Mill.
Re*sus`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
resuscitatio.] The act of resuscitating, or
state of being resuscitated.
The subject of resuscitation by his sorceries.
Sir W. Scott.
Re*sus"ci*ta*tive (?), a.
Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying.
Re*sus"ci*ta`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who, or that which, resuscitates.
Ret (?), v. t. See
Aret. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ret, v. t. [Akin to
rot.] To prepare for use, as flax, by
separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking,
macerating, and other treatment.
Ure.
Re*ta"ble (?), n. (Eccl.)
A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of
wlowers, etc.
Re"tail (?), n. [F.
retaille piece cut off, shred, paring, or OF.
retail, from retailler. See
Retail, v.] The sale of
commodities in small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to
wholesale; sometimes, the sale of commodities at
second hand.
Re"tail, a. Done at retail; engaged in
retailing commodities; as a retail trade; a
retail grocer.
Re*tail" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retailed
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Retailing.] [Cf. F.
retailler to cut again; pref. re- re +
tailler to cut. See Retail, n.,
Tailor, and cf. Detail.] 1.
To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound,
gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; as, to
retail cloth or groceries.
2. To sell at second hand. [Obs. or
R.]
Pope.
3. To distribute in small portions or at second
hand; to tell again or to many (what has been told or done); to
report; as, to retail slander. \'bdTo
whom I will retail my conquest won.\'b8
Shak.
He is wit's peddler, and retails his wares
At wakes and wassails.
Shak.
Re*tail"er (?), n. One who
retails anything; as, a retailer of merchandise; a
retailer of gossip.
Re*tail"ment (?), n. The act of
retailing.
Re*tain" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retained
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Retaining.] [F. retainir, L.
retinere; pref. re- re- + tenere
to hold, keep. See Tenable, and cf. Rein of a
bridle, Retention, Retinue.] 1.
To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose,
part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the
like. \'bdThy shape invisibleretain.\'b8
Shak.
Be obedient, and retain
Unalterably firm his love entire.
Milton.
An executor may retain a debt due to him from the
testator.
Blackstone.
2. To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee
paid; to hire; to engage; as, to retain a
counselor.
A Benedictine convent has now retained the most
learned father of their order to write in its defense.
Addison.
3. To restrain; to prevent.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.
Retaining wall (Arch. & Engin.), a
wall built to keep any movable backing, or a bank of sand or
earth, in its place; -- called also retain
wall.
Syn. -- To keep; hold; retrain. See Keep.
Re*tain", v. i. 1. To belong;
to pertain. [Obs.]
A somewhat languid relish, retaining to
bitterness.
Boyle.
2. To keep; to continue; to remain.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Re*tain"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being retained.
Re*tain"al (?), n. The act of
retaining; retention.
Re*tain"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, retains.
2. One who is retained or kept in service; an
attendant; an adherent; a hanger-on.
3. Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but
occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery.
Cowell.
4. (Law) (a) The act of a client by which
he engages a lawyer or counselor to manage his cause.
(b) The act of withholding what one has in his hands by
virtue of some right. (c) A fee paid to engage a lawyer
or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being
employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also
retaining fee.
Bouvier. Blackstone.
<-- p. 1230 -->
5. The act of keeping dependents, or the state of
being in dependence.
Bacon.
Re*tain"ment (?), n. The act of
retaining; retention.
Dr. H. More.
Re*take" (?), v. t. 1.
To take or receive again.
2. To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to
retake a ship or prisoners.
Re*tak"er (?), n. One who takes
again what has been taken; a recaptor.
Kent.
Re*tal"i*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retaliated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Retaliating.] [L.
retaliatus, p. p. of retaliare to
retaliate; pref. re- re- + a word akin to
talio talion, retaliation. Cf. Talion.]
To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the
same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in
a bad sense.]
One ambassador sent word to the duke's son that his visit
should be retaliated.
Sir T. Herbert.
It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the
injuries of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we
are in danger of appearing the first aggressors.
Swift.
Re*tal"i*ate, v. i. To return like for
like; specifically, to return evil for evil; as, to
retaliate upon an enemy.
Re*tal`i*a"tion (?), n. The act
of retaliating, or of returning like for like; retribution; now,
specifically, the return of evil for evil;
e.g., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a
tooth.
God . . . takes what is done to others as done to himself, and
by promise obloges himself to full retaliation.
Calamy.
Syn. -- Requital; reprisal; retribution; punishment.
Re*tal"i*a*tive (?), a. Same as
Retaliatory.
Re*tal"i*a*to*ry (?), a.
Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as
retaliatory measures.
Re*tard" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retarded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Retarding.] [L.
retardare, retardatum; pref. re-
re- + tardare to make slow, to delay, fr.
tardus slow: cf. F. retarder. See
Tardy.] 1. To keep delaying; to
continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render more slow
in progress; to impede; to hinder; as, to retard the
march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship;
-- opposed to accelerate.
2. To put off; to postpone; as, to
retard the attacks of old age; to retard a
rupture between nations.
Syn. -- To impede; hinder; obstruct; detain; delay;
procrastinate; postpone; defer.
Re*tard", v. i. To stay back.
[Obs.]
Sir. T. Browne.
Re*tard", n. Retardation; delay.
<-- 2. A mentally retarded person. [Colloq.] -->
Retard, Age, of the
tide, the interval between the transit of the
moon at which a tide originates and the appearance of the tide
itself. It is found, in general, that any particular tide is not
principally due to the moon's transit immediatelly proceeding,
but to a transit which has occured some time before, and which is
said to correspond to it. The retard of the tide is
thus distinguished from the lunitidal interval. See
under Retardation. rHam. Nav. Encyc.
Re`tar*da"tion (?), n. [L.
retardatio: cf. F. retardation.]
1. The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of
delaying; as, the retardation of the motion of a
ship; -- opposed to acceleration.
The retardations of our fluent motion.
De Quinsey.
2. That which retards; an obstacle; an
obstruction.
Hills, sloughs, and other terrestrial
retardations.
Sir W. Scott.
3. (Mus.) The keeping back of an
approaching consonant chord by prolonging one or more tones of a
previous chord into the intermediate chord which follows; --
differing from suspension by resolving upwards instead
of downwards.
4. The extent to which anything is retarded; the
amount of retarding or delay.
Retardation of the tide. (a) The
lunitidal interval, or the hour angle of the moon at the time of
high tide any port; the interval between the transit of the moon
and the time of high tide next following. (b)
The age of the tide; the retard of the tide. See under
Retard, n.
Re*tard"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
retardatif.] Tending, or serving, to
retard.
Re*tard"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, retards.
Re*tard"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
retardement.] The act of retarding;
retardation.
Cowley.
Retch (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Retched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Retching.] [AS. hr/can to
clear the throat, hawk, fr. hraca throat; akin to G.
rachen, and perhaps to E. rack neck.]
To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting.
[Written also reach.]
Beloved Julia, hear me still beseeching!
(Here he grew inarticulate with retching.)
Byron.
Retch, v. t. & i. [See
Reck.] To care for; to heed; to reck.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Retch"less, a. Careless; reckless.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
--- Retch"less*ly, adv. --
Retch"less*ness, n.
[Obs.]
\'d8Re"te (?), n. [L., a
net.] (Anat.) A net or network; a plexus;
particularly, a network of blood vessels or nerves, or a part
resembling a network.
Re*te"cious (?), a. [L.
rete a net.] Resembling network;
retiform.<-- sic. -->
Re*tec"tion (?), n. [L.
retegere, retectum, to uncover; pref.
re- + tegere to cover.] Act of
disclosing or uncovering something concealed.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*tell (?), v. t. To tell
again.
Ret"ene (?), n. [Gr. ///
pine resin.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is extracted from pine
tar, and is also found in certain fossil resins.
Re*tent" (?), n. [L.
retentum, fr. retentus, p. p. See
Retain.] That which is retained.
Hickok.
Re*ten"tion (?), n. [L.
retentio: cf. F. r\'82tention. See
Retain.] 1. The act of retaining, or
the state of being ratined.
2. The power of retaining; retentiveness.
No woman's heart
So big, to hold so much; they lack retention.
Shak.
3. That which contains something, as a tablet; a
//// of preserving impressions. [R.]
Shak.
4. The act of withholding; retraint; reserve.
Shak.
5. Place of custody or confinement.
6. (Law) The right of withholding a
debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person
claiming the right be duly paid; a lien.
Erskine. Craig.
Retention cyst (Med.), a cyst
produced by obstruction of a duct leading from a secreting organ
and the consequent retention of the natural secretions.
Re*ten"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82tentif.] Having power to retain;
as, a retentive memory.
Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron,
Can be retentive to the strength of spirit.
Shak.
Re*ten"tive, n. That which retains or
confines; a restraint. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Re*ten"tive*ly, adv. In a retentive
manner.
Re*ten"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being retentive.
Re`ten*tiv"i*ty (?), n.The
power of retaining; retentive force; as, the
retentivity of a magnet.
\'d8Re*ten"tor (?), n. [L., a
retainer.] (Zo\'94l.) A muscle which serves
to retain an organ or part in place, esp. when retracted. See
Illust. of Phylactolemata.
Re`te*pore (?), n. [L.
rete a net + porus pore.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
bryozoans of the genus Retepora. They form delicate
calcareous corals, usually composed of thin fenestrated
fronds.
Re*tex" (?), v. t. [L.
retexere, lit., to unweave; pref. re- re +
texere to weave. ] To annual, as
orders. [Obs.]
Bp. Hacket.
Re*tex"ture (?), n. The act of
weaving or forming again.
Carlyle.
Reth"or (?), n. [Cf. F.
rh\'82teur. See Rhetor.] A
rhetorician; a careful writer. [Obs.]
If a rethor couthe fair endite.
Chaucer.
Reth"o*ryke (?), n.
Rhetoric. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Re`ti*a"ri*us (?), n. [L.,
fr. rete a net.] (Rom.Antiq.) A
gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a
trident for despatching him.
Re"ti*a*ry (?), n. [See
Retiarius.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey.
2. A retiarius.
Re`ti*a*ry, a. [Cf. LL.
retiarius.] 1. Netlike.
This work is in retiary, or hanging textures.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch
prey; -- said of certain spiders.
3. Armed with a net; hence, skillful to
entangle.
Scholastic retiary versatility of logic.
Coleridge.
Ret"i*cence (?), n. [L.
reticentia: cf. F. r\'82ticence.]
1. The quality or state of being reticent, or
keeping silence; the state of holding one's tonque; refraining to
speak of that which is suggested; uncommunicativeness.
Such fine reserve and noble reticence.
Tennyson.
2. (Rhet.) A figure by which a person
really speaks of a thing while he makes a show as if he would say
nothingon the subject.
Ret"i*cen*cy (?), n.
Reticence.
Ret"i*cent (?), a. [L.
reticens, p. pr. of reticere to keep
silence; re- + tacere to be silent. See
Tacit.] Inclined to keep silent; reserved;
uncommunicative.
Ret"i*cle (?), n. [See
Reticule.] 1. A small net.
2. A reticule. See
Reticule,2. [R.]
Re*tic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82ticulaire. See Reticule.]
1. Having the form of a net, or of network; formed
with interstices; retiform; as, reticular cartilage;
a reticular leaf.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a
reticulum.
\'d8Re*tic`u*la"ri*a (?), n.pl.
[NL. See Reticular.] (Zo\'94l.)
An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia
are more or less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming
irregular meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together
with some groups which lack a true shell.
Re*tic`u*la"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l). One of the Reticularia.
Re*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. In a reticular
manner.
{ Re*tic"u*late (?),
Re*tic"u*la`ted (?) }, a.
[L. reticulatus. See Reticule.]
1. Resembling network; having the form or
appearance of a net; netted; as, a reticulated
structure.
2. Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the
threads or fibers of a network; as, a reticulate
leaf; a reticulated surface; a reticulated wing
of an insect.
Reticulated glass, ornamental ware made from
glass in which one set of white or colored lines seems to meet
and interlace with another set in a different plane. --
Reticulated micrometer, a micrometer for an
optical instrument, consisting of a reticule in the focus of an
eyepiece. -- Reticulated work
(Masonry), work constructed with diamond-shaped
stones, or square stones placed diagonally.
Re*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. The
quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that which is
reticulated; network; an organization resembling a net.
The particular net you occupy in the great
reticulation.
Carlyle.
Ret"i*cule (?), n.. [F.
r\'82ticule, L. reticulum, dim. of
rete a net. Cf.Retina,
Reticle.] 1. A little bag,
originally of network; a woman's workbag, or a little bag to be
carried in the hand.
De Quincey.
2. A system of wires or lines in the focus of a
telescope or other instrument; a reticle.
\'d8Re*tic`u*lo"sa (?), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Reticularia.
Re*tic"u*lose` (?), a. Forming
a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure.
Reticulose rhizopod (Zo\'94l.), a
rhizopod in which the pseudopodia blend together and form
irregular meshes.
\'d8Re*tic"u*lum (?), n.;pl.
Reticula (#). [L. dim. of
rete a net.] (Anat.) (a)
The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the
mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the
honeycomb stomach. (b) The
neuroglia.
Ret"i*form (?), a. [L.
rete a net + -form. cf. F.
r\'82tiforme.] Composed of crossing lines
and interstices; reticular; netlike; as, the
retiform coat of the eye.
Ret"i*na (?), n. [NL., from L.
rete a net. Cf. Reticule.]
(Anat.) The delicate membrane by which the back
part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of
the optic nerve terminate. See Eye.
Jacob's membrane),
containing the rods and cones, is on the back side, next the
choroid coat.
\'d8Ret`i*nac"u*lum (?), n.;
pl. Retinacula (#). [L., a
holdfast, a band. See Retain.] 1.
(Anat.) (a) A connecting band; a
fr\'91num; as, the retinacula of the ileoc\'91cal
and ileocolic valves. (b) One of the
annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at
the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.
2. (Zo\'94l) One of the retractor
muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.
3. (Bot.) A small gland or process to
which bodies are attached; as, the glandular
retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are
attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many
acanthaceous plants.
Ret"i*nal (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the retina.
Retinal purple (Physiol. Chem.),
the visual purple.
Re*tin"a*lite (?), n. [Gr.
//// resin + -lite.] (Min.)
A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or
greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster.
{ Ret`in*as"phalt (?),
\'d8Ret`in*as*phal"tum (?), }
n. [Gr. //// resin + /////
asphalt.] (Min.) Retinite.
Ret"i*nerved` (?), a. [L.
rete a net + E. nerve.]
(Bot.) Having reticulated veins.
\'d8Ret`i*ne"um (?), n.; pl.
Retinea (#). [NL. See
Retina.] (Zo\'94l.) That part of
the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with the
retina of a vertebrate.
Re*tin"ic (?), a. [Gr.
//// resin.] (Min. Chem.) Of or
pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically,
designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and
hydrocarbons.
Ret"i*nite (?), n.
[Gr./// resin: cf. F. r\'82tinite.]
(Min.) An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a
yellowish brown color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with
coal.
Ret`i*ni"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
NL. & E. retina + -tis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the retina.
Ret"i*noid (?), a. [Gr.
/// resin + -oid.] Resinlike, or
resinform; resembling a resin without being such.
Ret"*nol (?), n. [Gr. ///
resin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A
hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in
printer's ink.
\'d8Ret`i*noph"o*ra (?), n.;
pl. Retiniphor\'91 (#). [NL.,
fr. NL. & E. retina + Gr. //// to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of group of two to four united
cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of
the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve
fibrill\'91. See Illust. under
Ommatidium.
Ret`i*noph"o*ral (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
retinophor\'91.
Ret`i*nos"co*py (?), n.
[Retina + -scopy.]
(Physiol.) The study of the retina of the eye by
means of the ophthalmoscope.
Ret"i*nue (?), n. [OE.
retinue, OF. retinue, fr.
retenir to retain, engage, hire. See
Retain.] The body of retainers who follow a
prince or other distinguished person; a train of attendants; a
suite.
Others of your insolent retinue.
Shak.
What followers, what retinue canst thou gain?
Milton.
To have at one's retinue, to keep or employ as
a retainer; to retain. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Re*tin"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Retinul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of NL.
& E. retina.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the group of pigmented cells which surround the retinophor\'91 of
invertebrates. See Illust. under
Ommatidium.
Re*tin"u*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having, or characterized by,
retinul/.
Ret`i*ped (?), n. [L.
rete a net + pes, pedis, a foot:
cf. F. r\'82tinop\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.)
A bird having small polygonal scales covering the
tarsi.
Re*tir"a*cy (?), n. Retirement;
-- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way.
[U.S.]
Bartlett.
What one of our great men used to call dignified
retiracy.
C. A. Bristed.
Ret`i*rade" (?), n. [F.; cf.
Sp. retirada retreat. See Retire.]
(Fort.) A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of
a bastion, which may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses
are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a
re\'89ntering angle.
Re*tire" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retired
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Retiring.] [F. retirer;
pref. re- re- + tirer to draw. See
Tirade.] 1. To withdraw; to take
away; -- sometimes used reflexively.
He . . . retired himself, his wife, and children
into a forest.
Sir P. Sidney.
As when the sun is present all the year,
And never doth retire his golden ray.
Sir J. Davies.
<-- p. 1231 -->
2. To withdraw from circulation, or from the
market; to take up and pay; as, to retire bonds; to
retire a note.
3. To cause to retire; specifically, to designate
as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the
retired list; as, to retire a military or naval
officer.
Re*tire" (?), v. i. 1.
To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof;
to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy;
as, to retire to his home; to retire from
the world, or from notice.
To Una back he cast him to retire.
Spenser.
The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in,
And to herself she gladly doth retire.
Sir J. Davies.
2. To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw
for safety or pleasure; as, to retire from
battle.
Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and
retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and
die.
2 Sam. xi. 15.
3. To withdraw from a public station, or from
business; as, having made a large fortune, he
retired.
And from Britannia's public posts retire.
Addison.
4. To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the
shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs.
5. To go to bed; as, he usually
retires early.
Syn. -- To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat;
retrocede.
Re*tire", n. 1. The act of
retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place to which
one retires. [Obs.]
The battle and the retire of the English
succors.
Bacon.
[Eve] discover'd soon the place of her retire.
Milton.
2. (Mil.) A call sounded on a bugle,
announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall
back.
Re*tired" (?), a. 1.
Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a
person of retired habits.
A retired part of the peninsula.
Hawthorne.
2. Withdrawn from active duty or business; as,
a retired officer; a retired
physician.
Retired flank (Fort.), a flank bent
inward toward the rear of the work. -- Retired
list (Mil. & Naval), a list of officers,
who, by reason of advanced age or other disability, are relieved
from active service, but still receive a specified amount of pay
from the government.
-- Re*tired"ly, adv. --
Re*tired"ness, n.
Re*tire"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
retirement.] 1. The act of
retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion;
as, the retirement of an officer.
O, blest Retirement, friend of life's decline.
Goldsmith.
Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books.
Thomson.
2. A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to
which one withdraws or retreats; a private abode.
[Archaic]
This coast full of princely retirements for the
sumptousness of their buildings and nobleness of the
plantations.
Evelyn.
Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus.
Addison.
Syn. -- Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat;
seclusion; privacy. See Solitude.
Re*tir"er (?), n. One who
retires.
Re*tir"ing, a. 1. Reserved;
shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring modesty;
retiring manners.
2. Of or pertaining to retirement; causing
retirement; suited to, or belonging to, retirement.
Retiring board (Mil.), a board of
officers who consider and report upon the alleged incapacity of
an officer for active service. -- Retiring
pension, a pension granted to a public officer on his
retirement from office or service.
Ret"i*stene (?), n.
(Chem.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced
indirectly from retene.
\'d8Ret`i*te"l\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. rete a net + tela a
web.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of spiders which
spin irregular webs; -- called also
Retitelari\'91.
Re*told" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Retell.
Re*tor"sion (?), n. Same as
Retortion.
Re*tort" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retorted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Retorting.] [L.
retortus, p. p. of retorquere; pref.
re- re- + torquere to turn twist. See
Torsion, and cf. Retort, n.,
2.] 1. To bend or curve back; as, a
retorted line.
With retorted head, pruned themselves as they
floated.
Southey.
2. To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect.
As when his virtues, shining upon others,
Heat them and they retort that heat again
To the first giver.
Shak.
3. To return, as an argument, accusation, censure,
or incivility; as, to retort the charge of
vanity.
And with retorted scorn his back he turned.
Milton.
Re*tort", v. i. To return an argument or
a charge; to make a severe reply.
Pope.
Re*tort", n. [See Retort,
v. t.] 1. The return of, or reply
to, an argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or
witticism; a quick and witty or severe response.
This is called the retort courteous.
Shak.
2. [F. retorte (cf. Sp.
retorta), fr. L. retortus, p. p. of
retorquere. So named from its bent shape. See
Retort, v. t.] (Chem. & the
Arts) A vessel in which substances are subjected to
distillation or decomposition by heat. It is made of different
forms and materials for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a
curved beak to enter a receiver for general chemical operations,
or a cylinder or semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of
gas in gas works.
Tubulated retort (Chem.), a retort
having a tubulure for the introduction or removal of the
substances which are to be acted upon.
Syn. -- Repartee; answer. -- Retort,
Repartee. A retort is a short and pointed
reply, turning back on an assailant the arguments, censure, or
derision he had thrown out. A repartee is usually a
good-natured return to some witty or sportive remark.
Re*tort"er (?), n. One who
retorts.
Re*tor"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82torsion. See Retort, v.
t.] 1. Act of retorting or throwing
back; reflection or turning back. [Written also
retorsion.]
It was, however, necessary to possess some single term
expressive of this intellectual retortion.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. (Law) Retaliation.
Wharton.
Re*tort"ive (?), a. Containing
retort.
Re*toss" (?), v. t. To toss
back or again.
Re*touch" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + touch: cf. F. retoucher.]
1. To touch again, or rework, in order to improve;
to revise; as, to retouch a picture or an
essay.
2. (Photog.) To correct or change, as a
negative, by handwork.
Re*touch", n. (Fine Arts) A
partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model, or
the like.
Re*touch"er (?), n. One who
retouches.
Re*trace" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + trace: cf. F. retracer. Cf.
Retract.] 1. To trace back, as a
line.
Then if the line of Turnus you retrace,
He springs from Inachus of Argive race.
Driden.
2. To go back, in or over (a previous course); to
go over again in a reverse direction; as, to retrace
one's steps; to retrace one's proceedings.
3. To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as
a drawing; to draw again.
Re*tract" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Retracting.] [F.
r\'82tracter, L. retractare,
retractatum, to handle again, reconsider, retract, fr.
retrahere, retractum, to draw back. See
Retreat.] 1. To draw back; to draw
up or shorten; as, the cat can retract its claws; to
retract a muscle.
2. Ti withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant;
to take back; as, to retract an accusation or an
assertion.
I would as freely have retracted this charge of
idolatry as I ever made it.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
3. To take back,, as a grant or favor previously
bestowed; to revoke. [Obs.]
Woodward.
Syn. -- To recal; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow;
recant; abjure; disown.
Re*tract", v. i. 1. To draw
back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after
amputation.
2. To take back what has been said; to withdraw a
concession or a declaration.
She will, and she will not; she grants, denies,
Consents, retracts, advances, and then files.
Granville.
Re*tract", n. (Far.) The
pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe.
Re*tract"a*bl/ (?), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82tractable.] Capable of being
retracted; retractile.
Re*tract"ate (?), v. t. [L.
retractatus, p. p. of retractare. See
Retract.] To retract; to recant.
[Obs.]
Re`trac*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82tractation, L. retractatio a revision,
reconsideration. ] The act of retracting what has been
said; recantation.
Re*tract"i*ble (?), a.
Retractable.
Re*tract"ile (?), a. [Cf. F.
-r\'82tractile.] (Physiol.)
CApable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up;
as, the claws of a cat are retractile.
Re*trac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82traction, L. retractio a drawing back,
hesitation.] 1. The act of retracting, or
drawing back; the state of being retracted; as, the
retraction of a cat's claws.
2. The act of withdrawing something advanced,
stated, claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion;
recantation.
Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly beguiled
both church and state of the benefit of all my either
retractions or /oncessions.
Eikon Basilike.
3. (Physiol.) (a) The act of
retracting or shortening; as, the retraction of a
severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew.
(b) The state or condition of a part when drawn
back, or towards the center of the body.
Re*tract"ive (?), a. Serving to
retract; of the nature of a retraction. --
Re*tract"ive*ly, adv.
Re*tract"ive, n. That which retracts, or
withdraws.
Re*tract"or (?), n. One who, or
that which, retracts. Specifically: (a) In
breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge
shell from the barrel. (b) (Surg.)
An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during
amputation. (c) (Surg.) A bandage
to protect the soft parts from injury by the saw during
amputation. (d) (Anat. & Zo\'94l.)
A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See
Illust. under Phylactol\'91mata.
Re*tract" (?), n.
Retreat. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Re*trait" (?), n. [It.
ritratto, fr. ritrarre to draw back, draw,
fr. L. retrahere. See Retract.] A
portrait; a likeness. [Obs.]
Whose fair retrait I in my shield do bear.
Spenser.
Re`trans*form" (?), v. t. To
transform anew or back. --
Re`trans*for*ma"tion (#),
n.
Re`trans*late" (?), v. t. To
translate anew; especially, to translate back into the original
language.
\'d8Re*trax"it (?), n. [L.,
(he) has withdrawn. See Retract.] (O. Eng.
Law) The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit
in court by the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of
action.
Blackstone.
Re*tread" (?), v. t. & i. To
tread again.
Re*treat" (?), n. [F.
retraite, fr. retraire to withdraw, L.
retrahere; pref. re- re- +
trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf.
Retract, Retrace.] 1. The
act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what
is dangerous or disagreeable.
In a retreat he o/truns any lackey.
Shak.
2. The place to which anyone retires; a place or
privacy or safety; a refuge; an asylum.
He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no cost to
make a delicious retreat.
L'Estrange.
That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat
From sudden April showers, a shelter from the heat.
Dryden.
3. (Mil. & Naval.) (a) The
retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy, or
from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or
from an advanced position. (b) The
withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of
avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat.
(c) A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat
of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when
the roll is called), or for retiring from action.
retreat is properly an orderly march,
in which circumstance it differs from a flight.
4. (Eccl.) (a) A special season
of solitude and silence to engage in religious exercises.
(b) A period of several days of withdrawal from
society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the
duties of devotion; as, to appoint or observe a
retreat.
Syn. -- Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion;
solitude; privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge.
Re*treat" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Retreated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Retreating.] To make
a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to withdraw;
as, the defeated army retreated from the
field.
The rapid currents drive
Towards the retreating sea their furious tide.
Milton.
Re*treat"ful (?), a. Furnishing
or serving as a retreat. [R.] \'bdOur
retreatful flood.\'b8
Chapman.
Re*treat"ment (?), n. The act
of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. [R.]
D'Urfey.
Re*trench" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retrenched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrenching.] [OF.
retrenchier, F. retrancher; pref.
re- re- + OF. trenchier, F.
trancher, to cut. See Trench.]
1. To cut off; to pare away.
Thy exuberant parts retrench.
Denham.
2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to
retrench superfluities or expenses.
But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched.
Milton.
3. To confine; to limit; to restrict.
Addison.
These figures, ought they then to receive a
retrenched interpretation?
I. Taylor.
4. (Fort.) To furnish with a
retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions.
Syn. -- To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge.
Re*trench", v. i. To cause or suffer
retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; as,
it is more reputable to retrench than to live
embarrassed.
Re*trench"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
retrenchment.] 1. The act or
process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of
words in a writing.
The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you
that / mean to replace your fortune as far as I can.
Walpole.
2. (Fort.) A work constructed within
another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy
has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the
defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a
capitulation.
Syn. -- Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction;
abridgment.
Re*tri"al (?), n. A secdond
trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an
accused person.
Re*trib"ute (?), v. t. [L.
retributus, p. p. ofretribuere to
retribute; pref re- + tribuere to bestow, assign, pay.
See Tribute.] To pay back; to give in return,
as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; as, to
retribute one for his kindness; to retribute
just punishment to a criminal. [Obs. or
R.]
Locke.
Re*trib"u*ter (?), n. One who
makes retribution.
Ret`ri*bu"tion (?), n. [L.
retributio: cf. F. r\'82tribution.]
1. The act of retributing; repayment.
In good offices and due retributions, we may not be
pinching and niggardly.
Bp. Hall.
2. That which is given in repayment or
compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an
action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong.
All who have their reward on earth, . . .
Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find
Fit retribution, empty as their deeds.
Milton.
3. Specifically, reward and punishment, as
distributed at the general judgment.
It is a strong argument for a state of retribution
hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are very often
unfortunate, and vicious persons prosperous.
Addison.
Syn. -- Repayment; requital; recompense; payment;
retaliation.
{ Re*trib"u*tive (?),
Re*trib"u*to*ry }, a. [Cf. LL.
retributorius worthy of retribution.] Of or
pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution;
involving retribution or repayment; as, retributive
justice; retributory comforts.
Re*triev"a*ble (?), a. [From
Retrieve.] That may be retrieved or
recovered; admitting of retrieval. --
Re*triev"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*triev"a*bly, adv.
Re*triev"al (?), n. The act
retrieving.
Re*trieve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retrieved
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrieving.] [OE. retreven,
OF. retrover to find again, recover (il
retroevee finds again), F. retrouver; pref.
re- re- + OF. trover to find, F.
trouver. See Trover.] 1.
To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss
or injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to
retrieve independence.
With late repentance now they would retrieve
The bodies they forsook, and wish to live.
Dryden
2. To recall; to bring back.
To retrieve them from their cold, trivial
conceits.
Berkeley.
<-- p. 1232 -->
3. To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as
a loss or damadge.
Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall.
Prior.
There is much to be done . . . and much to be
retrieved.
Burke.
Syn. -- To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore.
Re*trieve" (?), v. i.
(Sport.) To discover and bring in game that has
been killed or wounded; as, a dog naturally inclined to
retrieve.
Walsh.
Re*trieve", n. 1. A seeking
again; a discovery. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old
sporting term. [Obs.]
Nares.
Re*trieve"ment (?), n.
Retrieval.
Re*triev"er (?), n. 1.
One who retrieves.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A dor, or a breed of dogs,
chiefly employed to retrieve, or to find and recover game birds
that have been killed or wounded.
Re*trim" (?), v. t. To trim
again.
Ret"ri*ment (?), n. [L.
retrimentum.] Refuse; dregs.
[R.]
Retro-. [L. retro, adv., backward, back.
Cf. Re-.] A prefix or combining form
signifying backward, back; as,
retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a
looking back.
Re`tro*act" (?), v. i. [Pref.
retro- + act.] To act backward, or in
return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective.
Re`tro*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82troaction.] 1. Action
returned, or action backward.
2. Operation on something past or preceding.
Re`tro*act"ive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82troactif.] Fitted or designed to
retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past;
retrospective.
Beddoes.
Retroactive law statute (Law), one which
operates to make criminal or punishable, or in any way expressly
to affect, acts done prior to the passing of the law.
Re`tro*act"ive*ly, adv. In a retroactive
manner.
Re"tro*cede (?), v. t. [Pref.
retro- + cede: cf. F.
r\'82troc\'82der.] To cede or grant back;
as, to retrocede a territory to a former
proprietor.
Re"tro*cede, v. i. [L.
retrocedere; retro backward, back +
cedere to go. See Cede.] To go
back.
Re`tro*ced"ent (?), a. [L.
retrocedens, p. pr.] Disposed or likely to
retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body
to another, as the gout.
Re`tro*ces"sion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82trocession. See Retrocede.]
1. The act of retroceding.
2. The state of being retroceded, or granted
back.
3. (Med.) Metastasis of an eruption or a
tumor from the surface to the interior of the body.
Re"tro*choir (?), n. [Pref.
retro- + choir.] (Eccl. Arch.)
Any extension of a church behind the higggggggh altar, as a
chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line
of the back or eastern face of the altar.
Re`tro*cop"u*lant (?), a. [See
Retrocopulation.] Copulating backward, or
from behind.
Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion (?), n.
[Pref. retro- + copulation.]
Copulation from behind.
Sir T. Browne.
Re`tro*duc"tion (?), n. [L.
retroducere, retroductum, to lead or bring
back; retro backward + ducere to
lead.] A leading or bringing back.
{ Re"tro*flex (?), Re"tro*flexed
(?), } a. [Pref. retro-
+ L. flectere, flexum, to bend, to
turn.] Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly
backward.
Re`tro*flex"ion (?), n. The act
of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf.
Retroversion.
{ Re"tro*fract (?),
Re"tro*fract`ed, } a. [Pref.
retro- + L. fractus, p. p. of
frangere to break.] (Bot.)
Refracted; as, a retrofract stem.
Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive (?), a.
[Pref. retro- + generative.] Begetting
young by retrocopulation.
Re`tro*gra*da"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82trogradation or L. retrogradatio. See
Retrograde.] 1. The act of
retrograding, or moving backward.
2. The state of being retrograde; decline.
Re"tro*grade (?), a. [L.
retrogradus, from retrogradi,
retrogressus, to retrograde; retro back +
gradi to step: cf. F. r\'82trograde. See
Grade.] 1. (Astron.)
Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession
of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet.
Hutton.
And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he
retrograde.
Chaucer.
2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward
course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; --
opposed to progressive. \'bdProgressive and not
retrograde.\'b8
Bacon.
It is most retrograde to our desire.
Shak.
3. Declining from a better to a worse state;
as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas,
morals, etc.
Bacon.
Re"tro*grade, v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Retrograded (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Retrograding.] [L.
retrogradare, retrogradi: cf. F.
r\'82trograder.] 1. To go in a
retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a
planet.
2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse
condition, as in morals or intelligence.
Re"tro*gra`ding*ly (?), adv. By
retrograding; so as to retrograde.
Re"tro*gress (?), n. [Cf. L.
retrogressus.] Retrogression.
[R.]
H. Spenser.
Re`tro*gres"sion (?), n. [Cf.
F. r\'82trogression. See Retrograde, and cf.
Digression.] 1. The act of
retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation.
2. (Biol.) Backward development; a
passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or
structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less
highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages
or known relationship. Called also retrograde
development, and regressive
metamorphism.
Re`tro*gres"sive, a. [Cf. F.
r\'82trogressif.] 1. Tending to
retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to
a worse state.
2. (Biol.) Passing from a higher to a
lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of
organization; regressive.
Re`tro*gres"sive*ly, adv. In a
retrogressive manner.
Re`tro*min"gen*cy (?), n. The
quality or state of being retromingent.
Sir T. Browne.
Re`tro*min"gent (?), a. [Pref.
retro- + L. mingens, p. pr. of
mingere to urinate.] Organized so as to
discharge the urine backward. -- n.
(Zo\'94l.) An animal that discharges its urine
backward.
Re`tro*pul"sive (?), a. [Pref.
retro- + L. pellere, pulsum, to
impel.] Driving back; repelling.
Re*trorse" (?), a. [L.
retrorsus, retroversus; retro
back + vertere, versum, to turn. Cf.
Retrovert.] Bent backward or downward.
-- Re*trorse"ly, adv.
Re"tro*spect (?), v. i. [L.
retrospicere; retro back +
specere, spectum, to look. See
Spy, and cf. Expect.] To
look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past.
It may be useful to retrospect to an early
period.
A. Hamilton.
Re"tro*spect, n. A looking back on
things past; view or contemplation of the past.
Cowper.
We may introduce a song without retrospect to the
old comedy.
Landor.
Re`tro*spec"tion (?), n. The
act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.
Re`tro*spec"tive (?), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82trospectif.] 1. Looking
backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to
prospective; as, a retrospective
view.
The sage, with retrospective eye.
Pope.
2. Having reference to what is past; affecting
things past; retroactive; as, a retrospective
law.
Inflicting death by a retrospective enactment.
Macaulay.
Re`tro*spec"tive*ly, adv. By way of
retrospect.
Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion (?), n.
(Med.)The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine
virus.
Re`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82troversion. See Retrovert.] A
turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or
bent backward; displacement backwards; as,
retroversion of the uterus.
retroversion the bending is gradual or
curved; in retroflexion it is abrupt or
angular.
Re"tro*vert (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retroverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Retroverting.]
[Pref. retro- + L. vertere,
versum, to turn. Cf. Retrorse.] To
turn back.
Re"tro*vert*ed, a. In a state of
retroversion.
Re*trude" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Retruded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Retruding.] [L.
retrudere; re- + trudere to thrust.]
To thrust back. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Re*truse" (?), a. [L.
retrusus concealed, p. p. of
retrudere.] Abstruse.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Re*tru"sion (?), n. The act of
retruding, or the state of being retruded.
In virtue of an endless remotion or retrusion of
the constituent cause.
Coleridge.
Re*try" (?), v. t. To try (esp.
judicially) a second time; as, to retry a case; to
retry an accused person.
Rette (?), v. t. See
Aret. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ret"ter*y (?), n. A place or
establishment where flax is retted. See Ret.
Ure.
Ret"ting (?), n. 1.
The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking,
meceration, and kindred processes; -- also called
rotting. See Ret.
Ure.
2. A place where flax is retted; a rettery.
Ure.
Re*tund" (?), v. t. [L.
retundere, retusum; pref. re-
re- + tundere to beat.] To blunt; to turn,
as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be obtuse or dull; as,
to retund confidence.
Ray. Cudworth.
Re-turn" (?), v. t. & i. To
turn again.
Re*turn" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Returned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Returning.] [OE. returnen,
retournen, F. retourner; pref.
re- re- + tourner to turn. See
Turn.] 1. To turn back; to go or
come again to the same place or condition.
\'bdReturn to your father's house.\'b8
Chaucer.
On their embattled ranks the waves return.
Milton.
If they returned out of bondage, it must be into a
state of freedom.
Locke.
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.
Gen. iii. 19.
2. To come back, or begin again, after an interval,
regular or irregular; to appear again.
With the year
Seasons return; but not me returns
Day or the sweet approach of even or morn.
Milton.
3. To speak in answer; to reply; to respond.
He said, and thus the queen of heaven returned.
Pope.
4. To revert; to pass back into possession.
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom
return to the house of David.
1Kings xii. 26.
5. To go back in thought, narration, or
argument. \'bdBut to return to my story.\'b8
Fielding.
Re*turn", v. t. 1. To bring,
carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed
book, or a hired horse.
Both fled attonce, ne ever back returned eye.
Spenser.
2. To repay; as, to return borrowed
money.
3. To give in requital or recompense; to
requite.
The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own
head.
1 Kings ii. 44.
4. To give back in reply; as, to
return an answer; to return thanks.
5. To retort; to throw back; as, to
return the lie.
If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me,
that I affect to be thought more impartial than I am.
Dryden.
6. To report, or bring back and make known.
And all the people answered together, . . . and Moses
returned the words of the people unto the Lord.
Ex. xix. 8.
7. To render, as an account, usually an official
account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or
statement; as, to return a list of stores, of killed
or wounded; to return the result of an
election.
8. Hence, to elect according to the official report
of the election officers. [Eng.]
9. To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an
office, with a certificate of what has been done; as, to
return a writ.
10. To convey into official custody, or to a
general depository.
Instead of a ship, he should llevy money, and
return the same to the treasurer for his majesty's
use.
Clarendon.
11. (Tennis) To bat (the ball) back over
the net.
12. (Card Playing) To lead in response
to the lead of one's partner; as, to return a trump;
to return a diamond for a club.
To return a lead (Card Playing), to
lead the same suit led by one's partner.
Syn. -- To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render;
remit; report.
Re*turn" (?), n. 1.
The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the
same place or condition; as, the return of one long
absent; the return of health; the return of the
seasons, or of an anniversary.
At the return of the year the king of Syria will
come up against thee.
1 Kings xx. 22.
His personal return was most required and
necessary.
Shak.
2. The act of returning (transitive), or sending
back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment;
requital; retribution; as, the return of anything
borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in
tennis.
You made my liberty your late request:
Is no return due from a grateful breast?
Dryden.
3. That which is returned. Specifically:
(a) A payment; a remittance; a requital.
I do expect return
Of thrice three times the value of this bond.
Shak.
(b) An answer; as, a return to one's
question. (c) An account, or formal report,
of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or
statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a
return of the amount of goods produced or sold;
especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared
for general information. (d) The profit on,
or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking,
adventure, etc.
The fruit from many days of recreation is very little; but
from these few hours we spend in prayer, the return is
great.
Jer. Taylor.
4. (Arch.) The continuation in a
different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building,
face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; --
applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus,
a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of
twenty feet north and south.
5. (Law) (a) The rendering back
or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to the proper officer
or court. (b) The certificate of an officer
stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc.,
indorsed on the document. (c) The sending
back of a commission with the certificate of the
commissioners. (d) A day in bank. See
Return day, below.
Blackstone.
6. (Mil. & Naval) An official account,
report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior
officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the
return of the number of the sick; the return of
provisions, etc.
7. pl. (Fort. & Mining) The
turnings and windings of a trench or mine.
Return ball, a ball held by an elastic string
so that it returns to the hand from which it is thrown, -- used
as a plaything. -- Return bend, a pipe
fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of two nearly parallel
pipes lying alongside or one above another. -- Return
day (Law), the day when the defendant is to
appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his
proceedings. -- Return flue, in a steam
boiler, a flue which conducts flame or gases of combustion in a
direction contrary to their previous movement in another
flue. -- Return pipe (Steam Heating),
a pipe by which water of condensation from a heater or
radiator is conveyed back toward the boiler.
Re*turn"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.
2. (Law) Legally required to be
returned, delivered, given, or rendered; as, a writ or
precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict
returnable to the court.
Re*turn"er (?), n. One who
returns.
Re*turn"less, a. Admitting no
return.
Chapman.
Re*tuse" (?), a. [L.
retusus, p. p. : cf. F. r\'82tus. See
Retund.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having
the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse
leaf.
Reule (?), n.& v. Rule.
[Obs.]
Reume (?), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Re*un"ion (?), n. [Pref.
re- + union: cf. F. r\'82union.]
1. A second union; union formed anew after
separation, secession, or discord; as, a reunion of
parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or
sects.
2. An assembling of persons who have been
separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded
regiment; an assembly so composed.
Re`u*nite" (?), v. t. & i. To
unite again; to join after separation or variance.
Shak.
<-- p. 1233 -->
Re`u*nit"ed*ly (?), adv. In a
reunited manner.
Re`u*ni"tion (?), n. A second
uniting. [R.]
Re*urge" (?), v. t. To urge
again.
Re*vac"ci*nate (?), v. t. To
vaccinate a second time or again. --
Re*vac`ci*na"tion(#),
n.
Rev`a*les"cence (?), n. The act
of growing well; the state of being revalescent.
Would this prove that the patient's revalescence
had been independent of the medicines given him?
Coleridge.
Rev`a*les"cent (?), a. [L.
revalescens, -entis, p. pr. of
revalescere; pref. re- re- +
valescere, v. incho. fr. valere to be
well.] Growing well; recovering strength.
Re*val`u*a"tion (?), n. A
second or new valuation.
Re*vamp" (?), v. t. To vamp
again; hence, topatch up; to reconstruct.
Reve (?), v. t. To reave.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reve, n. [See Reeve.]
An officer, steward, or governor. [Usually
written reeve.] [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Re*veal" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revealed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revealing.] [F.
r\'82v\'82ler, L. revelare,
revelatum, to unveil, reveal; pref. re- re-
+ velare to veil; fr. velum a veil. See
Veil.] 1. To make known (that which
has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to
show.
Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown,
She might not, would not, yet reveal her own.
Waller.
2. Specifically, to communicate (that which could
not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural
instruction or agency).
Syn. -- To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover;
open; discover; impart; show. See
Communicate. -- Reveal, Divulge. To
reveal is literally to lift the veil, and
thus make known what was previously concealed; to
divulge is to scatter abroad among the people, or make
publicly known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be
revealed; something long confined to the knowledge of
a few is at length divulged. \'bdTime, which
reveals all things, is itself not to be
discovered.\'b8 Locke. \'bdA tragic history of facts
divulged.\'b8 Wordsworth.
Re*veal", n. 1. A revealing; a
disclosure. [Obs.]
2. (Arch.) The side of an opening for a
window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window
frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is
not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall;
the jamb. [Written also revel.]
Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.
Re*veal"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being revealed. --
Re*veal"a*ble*ness, n.
Re*veal"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, reveals.
Re*veal"ment (?), n. Act of
revealing. [R.]
Re*veg"e*tate (?), v. i. To
vegetate anew.
Re*veil"le (?), n. [F.
r\'82veil, fr. r\'82veiller to awake; pref.
re- re- + pref. es- (L. ex) +
veiller to awake, watch, L. vigilare to
watch. The English form was prob. taken by mistake from the
French imper. r\'82veillez,2d pers. pl. See
Vigil.] (Mil.) The beat of drum,
or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is
time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear
challenging. \'bdSound a reveille.\'b8
Dryden.
For at dawning to assail ye
Here no bugles sound reveille.
Sir W. Scott.
Rev"el (?), n. (Arch.)
See Reveal. [R.]
Rev"el, n. [OF. revel
rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See Revel, v.
i.] A feast with loose and noisy jollity;
riotous festivity or merrymaking; a carousal.
This day in mirth and revel to dispend.
Chaucer.
Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant
revels.
Rambler.
Master of the revels, Revel
master. Same as Lord of misrule, under
Lord.
Rev"el, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Reveled (?) or Revelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Reveling or
Revelling.] [OF. reveler to
revolt, rebel, make merry, fr. L. rebellare. See
Rebel.] 1. To feast in a riotous
manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry.
Shak.
2. To move playfully; to indulge without
restraint. \'bdWhere joy most revels.\'b8
Shak.
Re*vel" (?), v. t. [L.
revellere; re- + vellere to
pluck, pull.] To draw back; to retract.
[Obs.]
Harvey.
Rev"e*late (?), v. t. [L.
revelatus, p. p. of revelare to
reveal.] To reveal. [Obs.]
Frith. Barnes.
Rev`e*la"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82v\'82lation, L. revelatio. See
Reveal.] 1. The act of revealing,
disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to
them.
2. That which is revealed.
3. (Theol.) (a) The act of
revealing divine truth. (b) That which is
revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible.
By revelation he made known unto me the mystery, as
I wrote afore in few words.
Eph. iii. 3.
4. Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon,
containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.
Rev"e*la`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who makes a revelation; a revealer.
[R.]
Rev"el*er (?), n. [Written also
reveller.] One who revels.
\'bdMoonshine revelers.\'b8
Shak.
Re*vel"lent (?), a. [L.
revellens, p. pr. of revellere. See
Revel, v. t.] Causing revulsion;
revulsive. -- n. (Med.) A
revulsive medicine.
Rev"el*ment (?), n. The act of
reveling.
Rev"el*ous (?), a. [OF.
reveleus.] Fond of festivity; given to
merrymaking or reveling. [Obs.]
Companionable and revelous was she.
Chaucer.
Rev"el-rout` (?), n. [See
Rout.] 1. Tumultuous festivity;
revelry. [Obs.]
Rowe.
2. A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob.
[Obs.]
Rev"er*ry (?), n. [See
Revel, v. i. & n.] The
act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.
And pomp and feast and revelry.
Milton.
Re*ven"di*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revendicated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revendicating.][Cf. F.
revendiquer. See Revenge.] To
reclaim; to demand the restoration of. [R.]
Vattel (Trans. ).
Re*ven`di*ca""tion (?), n. [F.
revendication.] The act of
revendicating. [R.]
Vattel (Trans. )
Re*venge" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revenged
(?), p. pr. & vb. n. Revenging
(/).] [OF. revengier, F.
revancher; pref. re- re- + OF.
vengier to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L.
vindicare. See Vindicate,
Vengerance, and cf. Revindicate.]
1. To inflict harm in return for, as an injury,
insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury;
to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the
person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal
pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before thewrong done
or the wrongdoer.
To revenge the death of our fathers.
Ld. Berners.
The gods are just, and will revenge our cause.
Dryden.
Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come,
Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius.
Shak.
2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or
malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously.
Syn. -- To avenge; vindicate. See Avenge.
Re*venge", v. i. To take vengeance; --
with upon. [Obs.] \'bdA bird that
will revenge upon you all.\'b8
Shak.
Re*venge", n. 1. The act of
revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for
evil.
Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with
his enemy; but in passing it over he is superior.
Bacon.
2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing
of evil to one who has done us an injury.
Revenge now goes
To lay a complot to betray thy foes.
Shak.
The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more
savage and cruel.
Kames.
Re*venge"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong.
Warner.
Re*venge"ance (?), n.
Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.]
Re*venge"ful (?), a. Full of,
or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking
revenge.
If thy revengeful heart can not forgive.
Shak.
May my hands . . .
Never brandish more rebvengeful steel.
Shak.
Syn. -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious.
-- Re*venge"ful*ly, adv. --
Re*venge"ful*ness, n.
Re*venge"less, a. Unrevenged.
[Obs.]
Marston.
Re*venge"ment (?), n.
Revenge. [Obs.]
He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me.
Shak.
Re*ven"ger (?), n. One who
revenges.
Shak.
Re*ven"ging (?), a. Executing
revenge; revengeful. -- Re*ven"ging*ly,
adv.
Shak.
Rev"e*nue (?), n. [F.
revenu, OF. revenue, fr. revenir
to return, L. revenire; pref. re- re- +
venire to come. See Come.] 1.
That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the
annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of
property, real or personal; income.
Do not anticipate your revenues and live upon air
till you know what you are worth.
Gray.
2. Hence, return; reward; as, a
revenue of praise.
3. The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs,
duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality
collects and receives into the treasury for public use.
Revenue cutter, an armed government vessel
employed to enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling,
etc.
Re*verb" (?), v. t. To
echo. [Obs.]
Shak.
Re*ver"ber*ant (?), a. [L.
reverberans, p. pr. : cf. F.
r\'82verb\'82rant. See Reverberate.]
Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.
Re*ver"ber*ate (?), a. [L.
reverberatus, p. p. of reverberare to
strike back, repel; pref. re- re- +
verberare to lash, whip, beat, fr. verber a
lash, whip, rod.] 1. Reverberant.
[Obs.] \'bdThe reverberate hills.\'b8
Shak.
2. Driven back, as sound; reflected.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Re*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reverberated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reverberating.] 1. To return
or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to
reflect, as light, as light or heat.
Who, like an arch, reverberates
The voice again.
Shak.
2. To send or force back; to repel from side to
side; as, flame is reverberated in a
furnace.
3. Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat.
[Obs.] \'bdReverberated into glass.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Re*ver"ber*ate, v. i. 1. To
resound; to echo.
2. To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled,
as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound.
Re*ver`ber*a"tion (?), n. [CF.
F. r\'82verb\'82ration.] The act of
reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat,
or re\'89choing sound; as, the reverberation of rays
from a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a mirror;
the reverberation of voices; the reverberation
of heat or flame in a furnace.
Re*ver"ber*a*tive (?), a. Of
the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate;
reflective.
This reverberative influence is that which we have
intended above, as the influence of the mass upon its
centers.
I. Taylor.
Re*ver"ber*a`tor (?), n. One
who, or that which, produces reverberation.
Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry (?), a.
Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation;
reverberative.
Reverberatory furnace. See the Note under
Furnace.
Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, n. A reverberatory
furnace.
Re*ver"dure (?), v. t. To cover
again with verdure.
Ld. Berners.
Re*vere" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revering.] [L. revereri;
pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin
to E. wary: cf. F. r\'82v\'82rer.]
To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection,
mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in
estimation.
Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his
father than treated as his partner in the empire.
Addison.
Syn. -- To venerate; adore; reverence.
Rev"er*ence (?), n. [F.
r\'82v\'82rence, L. reverentia. See
Reverent.] 1. Profound respect and
esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or
place; the disposition to revere; veneration.
If thou be poor, farewell thy reverence.
Chaucer.
Reverence, which is the synthesis of love and
fear.
Coleridge.
When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly
and audaciously, it is a sign the reverence of
government islost.
Bacon.
reverence
denoted \'bdrespect\'b8 \'bdhonor\'b8, without awe or
fear.
2. The act of revering; a token of respect or
veneration; an obeisance.
Make twenty reverences upon receiving . . . about
twopence.
Goldsmith.
And each of them doeth all his diligence
To do unto the feast reverence.
Chaucer.
3. That which deserves or exacts manifestations of
reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
I am forced to lay my reverence by.
Shak.
4. A person entitled to be revered; -- a title
applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns
his or your; sometimes poetically to a
father.
Shak.
Save your reverence, Saving your
reverence, an apologetical phrase for an
unseemly expression made in the presence of a priest or
clergyman. -- Sir reverence, a contracted
form of Save your reverence.
Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say.
\'bdSir reverence.\'b8
Shak.
-- To do reverence, to show reverence or honor; to
perform an act of reverence.
Now lies he there,
And none so poor to do him reverence.
Shak.
Syn. -- Awe; honor; veneration; adoratuon; dread.
-- Awe, Reverence, Dread,
Veneration. Reverence is a strong sentiment
of respect and esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with fear; as,
reverence for the divine law. Awe is a
mixed feeling of sublimity and dread in view of something great
or terrible, sublime or sacred; as, awe at the divine
presence. It does not necessarily imply love. Dread is
an anxious fear in view of an impending evil; as,
dread of punishment. Veneration is
reverence in its strongest manifestations. It is the highest
emotion we can exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble
objects produce reverence; terrific and threatening
objects awaken dread; a sense of the divine presence
fills us with awe; a union of wisdom and virtue in one
who is advanced in years inspires us with
veneration.
Rev"er*ence, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reverenced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reverencing (?).] To
regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and
affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
Let . . . the wife see that she reverence her
husband.
Eph. v. 33.
Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise.
Shak.
Rev"er*en*cer (?), n. One who
regards with reverence. \'bdReverencers of
crowned heads.\'b8
Swift.
Rev"er*end (?), a. [F.
r\'82v\'82rend, L. reverendus, fr.
revereri. See Revere.] Worthy of
reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection;
venerable.
A reverend sire among them came.
Milton.
They must give good example and reverend deportment
in the face of their children.
Jer. Taylor.
reverend; a
dean, the very reverend; a bishop, the right
reverend; an archbishop, the most
reverend.
Rev"er*end*ly, adv. Reverently.
[Obs.]
Foxe.
Rev"er*ent (?), a. [L.
reverens, -entis, p. pr. of
revereri. See Revere.] 1.
Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive;
humble; respectful; as, reverent
disciples. \'bdThey . . . prostrate fell before him
reverent.\'b8
Milton.
2. Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or
submission; as, reverent words; reverent
behavior.
Joye.
Rev`er*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82v\'82renciel. See Reverence.]
Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent
quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or
awe. \'bdA reverential esteem of things
sacred.\'b8
South.
Rev`er*en"tial*ly, adv. In a reverential
manner.
Rev"er*ent*ly, adv. In a reverent
manner; in respectful regard.
Re*ver"er (?), n. One who
reveres.
{ Rev"er*ie (?), Rev"er*y
(?), } n.; pl. Reveries
(#). [F. r\'82verie, fr.
r\'88ver to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf.
Rave.] 1. A loose or irregular train
of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing;
daydream. \'bdRapt in nameless reveries.\'b8
Tennyson.
When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard
of the understanding, it is that which the French call
revery, our language has scarce a name for it.
Locke.
2. An extravagant concient of the fancy; a
vision. [R.]
There are infinite reveries and numberless
extravagancies pass through both [wise and foolish minds].
Addison.
<-- sic. left out a "which"? -->
Re*ver"sal (?), a. [See
Reverse.] Intended to reverse; implying
reversal. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Re*ver"sal, n. [From
Reverse.] 1. The act of reversing;
the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand
or lie in an inverted position; as, the reversal of
a rotating wheel; the reversal of objects by a convex
lens.
2. A change or overthrowing; as, the
reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official
declaration that it is false; the reversal of an
attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered
void.
Blackstone.
Re*verse" (?), a. [OE.
revers, OF. revers, L. reversus,
p. p. of revertere. See Revert.]
1. Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite
direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the
reverse order or method. \'bdA vice
reverse unto this.\'b8
Gower.
2. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed.
[Obs.]
He found the sea diverse
With many a windy storm reverse.
Gower.
3. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Reversed; as, a
reverse shell.
Reverse bearing (Surv.), the
bearing of a back station as observed from the station next in
advance. -- Reverse curve (Railways),
a curve like the letter S, formed
of two curves bending in opposite directions. --
Reverse fire (Mil.), a fire in the
rear. -- Reverse operation (Math.),
an operation the steps of which are taken in a contrary order
to that in which the same or similar steps are taken in another
operation considered as direct; an operation in which
that is sought which in another operation is given, and that
given which in the other is sought; as, finding the length of a
pendulum from its time of vibration is the reverse
operation to finding the time of vibration from the
length.
<-- p. 1234 -->
Re*verse" (?), n. [Cf. F.
revers. See Reverse, a.]
1. That which appears or is presented when
anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is
reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction.
He did so with the reverse of the lance.
Sir W. Scott.
2. That which is directly opposite or contrary to
something else; a contrary; an opposite.
Chaucer.
And then mistook reverse of wrong for right.
Pope.
To make everything the reverse of what they have
seen, is quite as easy as to destroy.
Burke.
3. The act of reversing; complete change; reversal;
hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a
change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat;
as, the enemy met with a reverse.
The strange reverse of fate you see;
I pitied you, now you may pity me.
Dryden.
By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich.
Lamb.
4. The back side; as, the reverse of a
drum or trench; the reverse of a medal or coin, that is,
the side opposite to the obverse. See
Obverse.
5. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of
the hand; a backhanded stroke. [Obs.]
Shak.
6. (Surg.) A turn or fold made in
bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is
changed.
Re*verse", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reversed (?);p. pr. & vb.
n. Reversing.] [See
Reverse, a., and cf. Revert.]
1. To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary
direction; to cause to depart.
And that old dame said many an idle verse,
Out of her daughter's heart fond fancies to
reverse.
Spenser.
2. To cause to return; to recall.
[Obs.]
And to his fresh remembrance did reverse
The ugly view of his deformed crimes.
Spenser.
3. To change totally; to alter to the
opposite.
Reverse the doom of death.
Shak.
She reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of
Bray.
Sir W. Scott.
4. To turn upside down; to invert.
A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if
balanced by admirable skill.
Sir W. Temple.
5. Hence, to overthrow; to subvert.
These can divide, and these reverse, the state.
Pope.
Custom . . . reverses even the distinctions of good
and evil.
Rogers.
6. (Law) To overthrow by a contrary
decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; as, to
reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree.
Reverse arms (Mil.), a position of
a soldier in which the piece passes between the right elbow and
the body at an angle of 45\'f8, and is held as in the
illustration. -- To reverse an engine a machine, to cause it to perform its
revolutions or action in the opposite direction.
Syn. -- To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert;
repeal; annul; revoke; undo.
Re*verse", v. i. 1. To return;
to revert. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To become or be reversed.
Re*versed" (?), a. 1.
Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the
contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zo\'94l.), sinistrorse
or sinistral; as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral
or shell.
2. (Law) Annulled and the contrary
substituted; as, a reversed judgment or
decree.
Reversed positive negative (Photog.), a picture
corresponding with the original in light and shade, but reversed
as to right and left.
Abney.
Re*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. In a
reversed way.
Re*verse"less, a. Irreversible.
[R.]
A. SEward.
Re*verse"ly, adv. In a reverse manner;
on the other hand; on the opposite.
Bp. Pearson.
Re*vers"er (?), n. One who
reverses.
Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being reversible.
Tyndall.
Re*vers"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82versible revertible, reversionary.]
1. Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or
seat having a reversible back; a reversible
judgment or sentence.
2. Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on
both sides, so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics.
Reversible lock, a lock that may be applied to
a door opening in either direction, or hinged to either
jamb. -- Reversible process. See under
Process.
Re*vers"i*bly, adv. In a reversible
manner.
Re*vers"ing, a. Serving to effect
reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed.
Reversing engine, a steam engine having a
reversing gear by means of which it can be made to run in either
direction at will. -- Reversing gear
(Mach.), gear for reversing the direction of
rotation at will.
Re*ver"sion (?), n. [F.
r\'82version, L. reversio a turning back.
See Revert.] 1. The act of
returning, or coming back; return. [Obs.]
After his reversion home, [he] was spoiled, also,
of all that he brought with him.
Foxe.
2. That which reverts or returns; residue.
[Obs.]
The small reversion of this great navy which came
home might be looked upon by religious eyes as relics.
Fuller.
3. (Law) The returning of an esttate to
the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant
has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the
proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by
operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less
estate carved out of it and conveyed by him.
Kent.
4. Hence, a right to future possession or
enjoiment; succession.
For even reversions are all begged before.
Dryden.
5. (Annuities) A payment which is not to
be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the
happening of some event, as the death of a living person.
Brande &C.
6. (Biol.) A return towards some
ancestral type or character; atavism.
Reversion of series (Alg.), the act
of reverting a series. See To revert a series, under
Revert, v. t.
Re*ver"sion*a*ry (?), a.
(Law) Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving
a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the
termination of a particular estate; as, a
reversionary interest or right.
Re*ver"sion*a*ry, n. (Law)
That which is to be received in reversion.
Re*ver"sion*er (?), n.
(Law) One who has a reversion, or who is entitled
to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is
terminated.
Blackstone.
Re*ver"sis (?), n. [F.]
A certain game at cards.
Re*vert" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reverting.] [L.
revertere, reversum; pref. re-
re- + vertere to turn: cf. OF. revertir.
See Verse, and cf. Reverse.] 1.
To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.
Till happy chance revert the cruel scence.
Prior.
The tumbling stream . . .
Reverted, plays in undulating flow.
Thomson.
2. To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.
3. (Chem.) To change back. See
Revert, v. i.
To revert a series (Alg.), to treat
a series, as y = a + bx + cx2 +
etc., where one variable y is expressed in
powers of a second variable x, so as to find therefrom
the second variable x, expressed in a series arranged in
powers of y.
Re*vert", v. i. 1. To return;
to come back.
So that my arrows
Would have reverted to my bow again.
Shak.
2. (Law) To return to the proprietor
after the termination of a particular estate granted by
him.
3. (Biol.) To return, wholly or in part,
towards some pre\'89xistent form; to take on the traits or
characters of an ancestral type.
4. (Chem.) To change back, as from a
soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric
acid in certain fertilizers reverts.
Re*vert", n. One who, or that which,
reverts.
An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or
rather reverts, to the faith.
Fuller.
Re*vert"ed, a. Turned back; reversed.
Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved twice, in opposite
directions, or in the form of an
S.
Re*vert"ent (?), n.
(Med.) A remedy which restores the natural order
of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system.
[Obs.]
E. Darwin.
Re*vert"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, reverts.
2. (Law) Reversion.
Burrill.
Re*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as, a
revertible estate.
Re*vert"ive (?), a. Reverting,
or tending to revert; returning. --
Re*vert"ive*ly, adv.
The tide revertive, unattracted, leaves
A yellow waste of idle sands behind.
Thomson.
Rev"er*y (?), n. Same as
Reverie.
Re*vest" (?), v. t. [OF
reverstir, F. rev\'88tir, L.
revestire; pref. re- re- +
vestire to clothe, fr. vestis a garment.
See Vestry, and cf. Revet.] 1.
To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe.
Her, nathless, . . . the enchanter<
id thus revest and decked with due habiliments.
Spenser.
2. To vest again with possession or office; as,
to revest a magistrate with authority.
Re*vest", v. i. To take effect or vest
again, as a title; to revert to former owner; as, the title
or right revels in A after alienation.
Re*ves"ti*a*ry (?), n. [LL.
revestiarium: cf. F. revestiaire. See
Revest.] The apartment, in a church or
temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; -- now contracted
into vestry.
Re*ves"try (?), n. Same as
Revestiary. [Obs.]
Re*vest"ture (?), n.
Vesture. [Obs.]
Richrevesture of cloth of gold.
E. Hall.
Re*vet" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revetted;p. pr.
& vb. n. Revetting.] [See
Revetment.] (Mil. & Civil Engineering)
To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other
material.
Re*vet"ment (?), n. [F.
rev\'88tment the lining of a dith, fr.
rev\'88tir to clothe, L. revestire. See
Revest,v. t.] (Fort. &
Engin.) A facing of wood, stone, or any other
material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope
steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall.
[Written also rev\'88tement (/).]
Re*vi"brate (?), v. i. To
vibrate back or in return. --
Re`vi*bra"tion (#),
n.
Re*vict" (?), v. t. [L.
revictus, p. p. of revincere to
conquer.] To reconquer. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Re*vic"tion (?), n. [From L.
revivere, revictum, to live again; pref.
re- re- + vivere to live.]
Return to life. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*vict"ual (?), v. t. To
victual again.
Re*vie" (?), v. t. 1.
To vie with, or rival, in return.
2. (Card Playing) To meet a wager on, as
on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Re*vie", v. i. 1. To exceed an
adversary's wager in card playing. [Obs.]
2. To make a retort; to bandy words.
[Obs.]
Re*view" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Review/d
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reveiwing.] [Pref. re- +
view. Cf. Riview, n. ]
1. To view or see again; to look back on
[R.] \'bdI shall review Sicilia.\'b8
Shak.
2. To go over and examine critically or
deliberately. Specifically: (a) To
reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a
book for a new edition. (b) To go over with
critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects;
hence, to write a critical notice of; as, to review
a new novel. (c) To make a formal or
official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like;
as, to review a regiment. (d)
(Law) To re\'89xamine judically; as, a higher
court may review the proceedings and judgments of a
lower one.
3. To retrace; to go over again.
Shall I the long, laborious scene review?
Pope.
Re*view", v. i. To look back; to make a
review.
Re*view", n. [F. revue, fr.
revu, p. p. of revoir to see again, L.
revidere; pref. re- re- + videre
to see. See View, and cf.
Revise.] 1. A second or repeated
view; a re\'89xamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over
again; as, a review of one's studies; a
review of life.
2. An examination with a view to amendment or
improvement; revision; as, an author's review of his
works.
3. A critical examination of a publication, with
remarks; a criticism; a critique.
4. A periodical containing critical essays upon
matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art,
etc.
5. An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a
naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining
the state of discipline, equipments, etc.
6. (Law) The judicial examination of the
proceedings of a lower court by a higher.
7. A lesson studied or recited for a second
time.
Bill of review (Equity), a bill, in
the nature of proceedings in error, filed to procure an
examination and alteration or reversal of a final decree which
has been duly signed and enrolled. Wharton. --
Commission of review (Eng. Eccl. Law),
a commission formerly granted by the crown to revise the
sentence of the court of delegates.
Syn. -- Re\'89xamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey;
reconsideration; revisal; revise; revision.
Re*view"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being reviewed.
Re*view"al (?), n. A
review. [R.]
Southey.
Re*view"er (?), n. One who
reviews or re\'89xamines; an inspector; one who examines
publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their
merits; a professional critic of books.
Re*vig"or*ate (?), a. [LL.
revigoratus, p. p. of revigorare; L.
re- + vigor vigor.] Having new
vigor or strength; invigorated anew. [R.]
Southey.
Re*vig"or*ate (?), v. t. To
give new vigor to. [Obs.]
Re*vile" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Reviled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reviling.] [Pref. re- + OF.
aviler to make vile, depreciate, F. avilir;
\'85 (L. ad.) + vil vile. See
Vile.] To address or abuse with opprobrious
and contemptuous language; to reproach. \'bdAnd did not she
herself revile me there?\'b8
Shak.
Who, when he was reviled, reviled not
again.
1 Pet. ii. 23.
Syn. -- To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.
Re*vile", n. Reproach; reviling.
[Obs.]
The gracious Judge, without revile, replied.
Milton.
Re*vile"ment (?), n. The act of
reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse.
Spenser.
Re*vil"er (?), n. One who
reviles.
1. Cor. vi. 10.
Re*vil"ing, n. Reproach; abuse;
vilification.
Neither be ye afraid of their revilings.
Isa. li. 7.
Re*vil"ing, a. Uttering reproaches;
containing reproaches. --
Re*vil"ing*ly, adv.
Re*vince" (?), v. t. [See
Revict.] To overcome; to refute, as
error. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Re*vin"di*cate (?), v. t.
[Pref. re- + vindicate. Cf. Revindicate,
Revenge.] To vindicate again; to reclaim; to
demand and take back.
Mitford.
Rev`i*res"cence (?), n. [L.
revirescens, p. pr. of revirescere to grow
green again.] A growing green or fresh again; renewal
of youth or vigor. [Obs.]
Re*vis"a*ble (?), a.That may be
revised.
Re*vis"al (?), n. [From
Revise.] The act of revising, or reviewing
and re\'89xamining for correction and improvement; revision;
as, the revisal of a manuscript; the
revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a
treaty.
Re*vise" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revising.] [F. reviser, fr.
L. revidere, revisum, to see again; pref.
re- re- + videre, visum, tosee.
See Review, View.] 1. To
look at again for the detection of errors; to re\'89xamine; to
review; to look over with care for correction; as, to
revise a writing; to revise a
translation.
2. (Print.) To compare (a proof) with a
previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as
have not been corrected in the type.
3. To review, alter, and amend; as, to
revise statutes; to revise an agreement; to
revise a dictionary.
The Revised Version of the Bible, a version
prepared in accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870, by both
houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, England.
Both English and American revisers were employed on the work. It
was first published in a complete form in 1885, and is a revised
form of the Authorized Version. See Authorized
Version, under Authorized.
Re*vise", n. 1. A review; a
revision.
Boyle.
2. (Print.) A second proof sheet; a
proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent
correction.
Re*vis"er (?), n. One who
revises.
Re*vi"sion (?), n. [F.
r\'82vision, L. revisio.] 1. The
act of revising; re\'89xamination for correction; review; as,
the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet;
a revision of statutes.
2. That which is made by revising.
Syn. -- Re\'89xamination; revisal; revise; review.
{ Re*vi"sion*al (?),
Re*vi"sion*a*ry (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.
<-- p. 1235 -->
Re*vis"it (?), v. t. 1.
To visit again.
Milton.
2. To revise. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
Re*vis`it*a"tion (?), n. The
act of revisiting.
Re*vi"so*ry (?), a. Having the
power or purpose to revise; revising.
Story.
Re*vi"tal*ize (?), v. t. To
restore vitality to; to bring back to life.
L. S. Beale.
Re*viv"a*ble (?), a. That may
be revived.
Re*viv"al (?), n. [From
Revive.] The act of reviving, or the state of
being revived. Specifically: (a) Renewed
attention to something, as to letters or literature.
(b) Renewed performance of, or interest in,
something, as the drama and literature. (c)
Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and
decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious
interest. (d) Reanimation from a state of
langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the
like. (e) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or
flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts,
agriculture. (f) Renewed prevalence of
something, as a practice or a fashion. (g)
(Law) Restoration of force, validity, or effect;
renewal; as, the revival of a debt barred by
limitation; the revival of a revoked will,
etc. (h) Revivification, as of a metal.
See Revivification, 2.
Re*viv"al*ism (?), n. The
spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.
Re*viv"al*ist, n. A clergyman or layman
who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious
revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a
particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used
adjectively.
Re*viv`al*is"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to revivals.
Re*vive" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Revived
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reviving.] [F. revivere, L.
revivere; pref. re- re- + vivere
to live. See Vivid.] 1. To return to
life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become
reanimated or reinvigorated.
Shak.
The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child
came into again, and he revived.
1 Kings xvii. 22.
2. Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion,
obscurity, neglect, or depression; as, classical learning
revived in the fifteenth century.
3. (Old Chem.) To recover its natural or
metallic state, as a metal.
Re*vive", v. t. [Cf. F.
reviver. See Revive, v. i.]
1. To restore, or bring again to life; to
reanimate.
Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be
revived.
Bp. Pearson.
2. To raise from coma,, languor, depression, or
discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension.
Those gracious words revive my drooping
thoughts.
Shak.
Your coming, friends, revives me.
Milton.
3. Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or
disuse; as, to revive letters or
learning.
4. To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to
recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken.
\'bdRevive the libels born to die.\'b8
Swift.
The mind has a power in many cases to revive
perceptions which it has once had.
Locke.
5. (Old Chem.) To restore or reduce to
its natural or metallic state; as, to revive a metal
after calcination.
Re*vive"ment (?), n.
Revival. [R.]
Re*viv"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, revives.
Re`vi*vif"i*cate (?), v. t.
[Pref. re- + vivificate: cf. L.
revivificare, revivificatum. Cf.
Revivify.] To revive; to recall or restore to
life. [R.]
Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82vivification.] 1.
Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recaling,
or the state of being recalled, to life.
2. (Old Chem.) The reduction of a metal
from a state of combination to its metallic state.
Re*viv"i*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
r\'82vivifier, L. revivificare. See
Vivify.] To cause to revive.
Some association may revivify it enough to make it
flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Re*viv"ing (?), a. & n.
Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating.
Milton. -- Re*viv"ing*ly,
adv.
{ Rev`i*vis"cence (?),
Rev`*vis"cen*cy (?), } n.
The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal
of life.
In this age we have a sort of reviviscence, not, I
fear, of the power, but of a taste for the power, of the early
times.
Coleridge.
Rev`i*vis"cent (?), a. [L.
reviviscens, p. pr. ofreviviscere to
revive; pref. re- re- + viviscere, v.
incho. fr. vivere to live.] Able or
disposed to revive; reviving.
E. Darwin.
Re*viv"or (?), n. (Eng.
Law) Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or
marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of
revivor.
Blackstone.
Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of
a law.
Rev"o*ca*ble (?), a. [L.
revocabilis: cf. F. r\'82vocable. See
Revoke.] Capable of being revoked; as, a
revocable edict or grant; a revocable
covenant.
-- Rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n. --
Rev"o*ca*bly, adv.
Rev"o*cate (?), v. t. [L.
revocatus, p. p. of revocare. See
Revoke.] To recall; to call back.
[Obs.]
Rev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
revocatio: cf. F. r\'82vocation.]
1. The act of calling back, or the state of being
recalled; recall.
One that saw the people bent for the revocation of
Calvin, gave him notice of their affection.
Hooker.
2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls
an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or
benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the
revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a
license.
Rev"o**ca*to*ry (?), a. [L.
revocatorius: cf. F. r\'82vocatoire.]
Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a
revocation; revoking; recalling.
Re*voice" (?), v. t. To
refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to
restore its tone.
Re*voke" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revoked
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Revoking.] [F. r\'82voquer,
L. revocare; pref. re- re- +
vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis,
voice. See Voice, and cf. Revocate.]
1. To call or bring back; to recall.
[Obs.]
The faint sprite he did revoke again,
To her frail mansion of morality.
Spenser.
2. Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to
repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by
a special act; as, , to revoke a will, a license, a
grant, a permission, a law, or the like.
Shak.
3. To hold back; to repress; to restrain.
[Obs.]
[She] still strove their sudden rages to
revoke.
Spenser.
4. To draw back; to withdraw.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
5. To call back to mind; to recollect.
[Obs.]
A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself
former passages, will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris
to his conscience.
South.
Syn. -- To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand;
annul; abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish.
Re*voke" (?), v. i. (Card
Playing) To fail to follow suit when holding a card of
the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to
renege.
Hoyle.
Re*voke", n. (Card Playing)
The act of revoking.
She [Sarah Battle] never made a revoke.
Lamb.
Re*voke"ment (?), n.
Revocation. [R.]
Shak.
Re*vok"er (?), n. One who
revokes.
Re*vok"ing*ly, adv. By way of
revocation.
Re*volt" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Revolted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Revolting.] [Cf. F.
r\'82voller, It. rivoltare. See
Revolt, n.] 1. To turn
away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away,
or shrink, with abhorrence.
But this got by casting pearl to hogs,
That bawl for freedom in their senseless mood,
And still revolt when trith would set them free.
Milton.
HIs clear intelligence revolted from the dominant
sophisms of that time.
J. Morley.
2. Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or
leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or
subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel.
Our discontented counties do revolt.
Shak.
Plant those that have revolted in the van.
Shak.
3. To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended;
hence, to feel nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach
revolts at such food; his nature revolts at
cruelty.
Re*volt", v. t. 1. To cause to
turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To do violence to; to cause to turn away or
shrink with abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the
feelings.
This abominable medley is made rather to revolt
young and ingenuous minds.
Burke.
To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient
creatuure revolted his conscience and offended his
reason.
J. Morley.
Re*volt", n. [F. r\'82volte,
It. rivolta, fr. rivolto, p. p. fr. L.
revolvere, revolutum. See
Revolve.] 1. The act of revolting;
an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a
renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government;
rebellion; as, the revolt of a province of the Roman
empire.
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
Milton.
2. A revolter. [Obs.]
\'bdIngrate revolts.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See
Insurrection.
Re*volt"er (?), n. One who
revolts.
Re*volt"ing, a. Causing abhorrence mixed
with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; as,
revolting cruelty. --
Re*volt"ing*ly, adv.
Rev"o*lu*ble (?), a. [L.
revolubilis that may be rolled back. See
Revolve.] Capable of revolving; rotatory;
revolving. [Obs.]
Us, then, to whom the thrice three year
Hath filled his revoluble orb since our arrival here,
I blame not.
Chapman.
Rev"o*lute (?), a. [L.
revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See
Revolve.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Rolled
backward or downward.
revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with
the lower surface inside the coil. A leaf with
revolute margins has the edges rolled under, as in the
Andromeda polifilia.
Rev`o*lu"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82volution, L. revolutio. See
Revolve.] 1. The act of revolving,
or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body
round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the
revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its
axis, etc.
2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point
relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as,
revolution in an ellipse or spiral.
That fear
Comes thundering back, with dreadful revolution,
On my defenseless head.
Milton.
3. The space measured by the regular return of a
revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a
measure of time, or by a succession of similar events.
\'bdThe short revolution of a day.\'b8
Dryden.
4. (Astron.) The motion of any body, as
a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it
returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the
same; -- designated as the annual,
anomalistic, nodical, sidereal,
or tropical revolution, according as the point of
return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the
anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the
revolution of the earth about the sun; the
revolution of the moon about the earth.
rotation.
5. (Geom.) The motion of a point, line,
or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a
manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a
surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving
surface a solid (called a solid of revolution);
as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about
one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a
semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere.
6. A total or radical change; as, a
revolution in one's circumstances or way of
living.
The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a
complete revolution throughout the department.
Macaulay.
7. (Politics) A fundamental change in
political organization, or in a government or constitution; the
overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution
of another, by the governed.
The violence of revolutions is generally
proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has
produced them.
Macaulay.
a) The English Revolution in 1689, when
William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in
place of James II. (b) The American
Revolution, beginning in 1775, by which the English
colonies, since known as the United States, secured their
independence. (c) The revolution in France
in 1789, commonly called the French Revolution, the
subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their
dates, as the Revolution of 1830, of 1848, etc.
Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82volutionnaire.] Of or pertaining to
a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution;
as, revolutionary war; revolutionary
measures; revolutionary agitators.
Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, n. A
revolutionist. [R.]
Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a
revolutionary.
Prof. Wilson.
Rev`o*lu"tion*er (?), n. One
who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.
Smollett.
Rev`o*lu"tion*ism (?), n. The
state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or
principles.
Rev`o*lu"tion*ist, n. One engaged in
effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution.
Burke.
Rev`o*lu"tion*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Revolutioniezed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revolutionizing(?).] To change
completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize
a government.
Ames.
The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul.
J. M. Mason.
Re*vol"u*tive (?), a. Inclined
to revolve things in the mind; meditative.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
Re*volv"a*ble (?), a. That may
be revolved.
Re*volve" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p.
Revolved(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revolving.] [L. revolvere,
revolutum; pref. re- re- +
volvere to roll, turn round. See Voluble, and
cf. Revolt, revolution.] 1.
To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel;
to rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this
sense.
If the earth revolve thus, each house pear the
equator must move a thousand miles an hour.
I. Watts.
2. To move in a curved path round a center; as,
the planets revolve round the sun.
3. To pass in cycles; as, the centuries
revolve.
4. To return; to pass. [R.]
Ayliffe.
Re*volve", v. t. 1. To cause to
turn, as on an axis.
Then in the east her turn she shines,
Revolved on heaven's great axile.
Milton.
2. Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to
reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of.
This having heard, straight I again revolved
The law and prophets.
Milton.
Re*volve"ment (?), n. Act of
revolving. [R.]
Re*volv"en*cy (?), n. The act
or state of revolving; revolution. [Archaic]
Its own revolvency upholds the world.
Cowper.
Re*volv"er (?), n.One who, or
that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm ( commonly a
pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to
revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same
lock; a repeater.
Re*volv"ing, a. Making a revolution or
revolutions; rotating; -- used also figuratively of time,
seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of the earth.
But grief returns with the revolving year.
Shelley.
Revolving seasons, fruitless as they pass.
Cowper.
Revolving firearm. See Revolver.
-- Revolving light, a light or lamp in a
lighthouse so arranged as to appear and disappear at fixed
intervals, either by being turned about an axis so as to show
light only at intervals, or by having its light occasionally
intercepted by a revolving screen.
Re*vulse" (?), v. t. [L.
revulsus, p. p. of revellere.]
To pull back with force. [R.]
Cowper.
Re*vul"sion (?), n. [F.
r\'82vulsion, L. revulsio, fr.
revellere, revulsum, to pluck or pull away;
pref. re- re- + vellere to pull. Cf.
Convulse.] 1. A strong pulling or
drawing back; withdrawal. \'bdRevulsions and
pullbacks.\'b8
SSir T. Brovne.
2. A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change;
-- applied to the feelings.
A sudden and violent revulsion of feeling, both in
the Parliament and the country, followed.
Macaulay.
3. (Med.) The act of turning or
diverting any disease from one part of the body to another. It
resembles derivation, but is usually applied to a more
active form of counter irritation.
Re*vul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82vulsif.] Causing, or tending to,
revulsion.
Re*vul"sive, n. That which causes
revulsion; specifically (Med.), a revulsive remedy or
agent.
Rew (?), n. [See Row a
series.] A row. [Obs.]
Chaucer. \'bdA rew of sundry colored
stones.\'b8
Chapman.
Re*wake"" (?), v. t. & i. To
wake again.
<-- p. 1236 -->
Re*ward" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rewarded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rewarding.] [OF.
rewarder, another form of regarder, of
German origin. The original sense is, to look at, regard, hence,
to regard as worthy, give a reward to. See Ward,
Regard.] To give in return, whether good or
evil; -- commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to
repay; to compensate.
After the deed that is done, one doom shall reward,
Mercy or no mercy as truth will accord.
Piers Plowman.
Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have
rewarded thee evil.
1 Sam. xxiv. 17.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will
reward them that hate me.
Deut. xxxii. 41.
God rewards those that have made use of the single
talent.
Hammond.
Re*ward" (?), n. [See
Reward, v., and cf. Regard,
n.] 1. Regard; respect;
consideration. [Obs.]
Take reward of thine own value.
Chaucer.
2. That which is given in return for good or evil
done or received; esp., that which is offered or given in return
for some service or attainment, as for excellence in studies, for
the return of something lost, etc.; recompense; requital.
Thou returnest
From flight, seditious angel, to receive
Thy merited reward.
Milton.
Rewards and punishments do always presuppose
something willingly done well or ill.
Hooker.
3. Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works.
The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a
reward.
Eccl. ix. 5.
4. (Law) Compensation or remuneration
for services; a sum of money paid or taken for doing, or
forbearing to do, some act.
Burrill.
Syn. -- Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay;
requital; retribution; punishment.
Re*ward"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of
reward. -- Re*ward"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Re*ward"a*bly,
adv.
Re*ward"er (?), n. One who
rewards.
Re*ward"ful (?), a. Yielding
reward. [R.]
Re*ward"less, a. Having, or affording,
no reward.
Rewe (?), v. t. & i. Tu
rue. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rew"el bone` (?). [Perh. from F.
rouelle, dim. of roue a wheel, L.
rota.] An obsolete phrase of disputed
meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or polished bone.
His saddle was of rewel boon.
Chaucer.
Rew"et (?), n. [See
Rouet.] A gunlock. [R.]
Rew"ful (?), a. Rueful.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*win" (?), v. t. To win
again, or win back.
The Palatinate was not worth the rewinning.
Fuller.
Rewle (?), n. & v. Rule.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rewme (?), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Re*word" (?), v. t. 1.
To repeat in the same words; to re\'89cho.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. To alter the wording of; to restate in other
words; as, to reword an idea or a
passage.
Re*write" (?), v. t. To write
again.
Young.
Rewth (?), n. Ruth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Rex (?), n.; pl.
Reges (#). [L.] A
king.
To play rex, to play the king; to domineer.
[Obs.]
Reyn (?), n. Rain or
rein. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rey"nard (?), n. An appelation
applied after the manner of a proper name to the fox. Same as
Renard.
Reyse (?), v. t. To
raise. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reyse, v. i. [Cf. G. reisen
to travel.] To go on a military expedition.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rha*bar"ba*rate (?), a. [From
NL. rhabarbarum, an old name of rhubarb. See
Rhubarb.] Impregnated or tinctured with
rhubarb.
Floyer.
{ Rha*bar"ba*rin (?), Rha*bar"ba*rine (?) }, n.
(Chem.) Chrysophanic acid.
Rhab"dite (?), n. [Gr.
"ra`bdos a rod.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform
structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the hard parts
forming the ovipositor of insects.
\'d8Rhab`do*c\'d2"la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + ///
hollow.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of
Turbellaria including those that have a simple cylindrical, or
saclike, stomach, without an intestine.
Rhab`do*c\'d2"lous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Rhabdoc\'d2la.
Rhab*doid"al (?), a. See
Sagittal.
Rhab"do*lith (?), n. [Gr.
"ra`bdos a rod + -lith.] A
minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface and
the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous
alga.
Rhab*dol"o*gy (?), n. Same as
Rabdology.
Rhab"dom (?), n. [Gr. ///
a bundle of rods, fr. "ra`bdos a rod.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of numerous minute rodlike
structures formed of two or more cells situated behind the
retinul\'91 in the compound eyes of insects, etc. See
Illust. under Ommatidium.
Rhab"do*man`cy (?), n. Same as
Rabdomancy.
Rhab"do*mere (?), n.
[Rhabdom + -mere.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the several parts composing a
rhabdom.
\'d8Rhab*doph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + /// to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct division of
Hydrozoa which includes the graptolities.
\'d8Rhab`do*pleu"ra (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + //// the
side.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine Bryozoa
in which the tubular cells have a centralchitinous axis and the
tentacles are borne on a bilobed lophophore. It is the type of
the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata
Rhab"do*sphere (?), n. [Gr.
"ra`bdos a rod + E. sphere.] A
minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths.
\'d8Rha`chi*al"gi*a (?), n.
[NL.] See Rachialgia.
Rha*chid"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the rhachis; as, the rhachidian teeth
of a mollusk.
\'d8Rhach`i*glos"sa (?), n.pl.
[NL. See Rhachis, and Glossa.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of marine gastropods having
a retractile proboscis and three longitudinal rows of teeth on
the radula. It includes many of the large ornamental shells, as
the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See
Illust. in Append.
\'d8Rha*chil"la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. "ra`chis the spine.] (Bot.)
A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the
florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses.
Rha"chi*o*dont (?), a. [Gr.
"ra`chis, -ios, the spine + ///,
///, a tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the inferior
spines of some of the vertebr\'91, as certain South African
snakes (Dasypelits) which swallow birds' eggs and use
these gular teeth to crush them.
\'d8Rha"chis (?), n.; pl. E.
Rhachises (#), L. Rhachides
(#). [See Rachis.]
[Written also rechis.] 1.
(Anat.) The spine.
2. (Bot.) (a) The continued
stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in a rose leaf or
a fern. (b) The principal axis in a raceme,
spike, panicle, or corymb.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The shaft of
a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or plumule, is called
the hyporhachis. (b) The central
cord in the stem of a crinoid. (c) The median
part of the radula of a mollusk. (d) A
central cord of the ovary of nematodes.
\'d8Rha*chi"tis (?), n.
[NL.] See Rachitis.
Rhad`a*man"thine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a
Rhadamanthine judgment.
Rhag`a*man"thus (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. ///.] (Greek Mythol.) One of
the three judges of the internal regions; figuratively, a
strictly just judge.
Rh/"ti*an (?), a & n.
Rhetain.
Rh/"tic (?), a. [L.
Rhaeticus Rhetain.] (Geol.)
Pertining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic
strata of the Rhetain Alps. These strata are regarded as closing
the Triassic period. See the Chart of
Geology.
Rh/"ti*zite (?), n. [So
called from L. Rhaetia, Raetia, the Rhetain
Alps, where it is found.] (Min.) A variety
of the mineral cyanite.
\'d8Rham`a*dan" (?), n. See
Ramadan.
Rham*na"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
shrubs and trees (Rhamnace\'91, or
Rhamne\'91) of which the buckthorn
(Rhamnus) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey
tea, the supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus
(Zizyphus).
\'d8Rham"nus (?), n. [NL., from
Gr. /// a kind of prickly shrub; cf. L.
rhamnos.] (Bot.) A genus of
shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California Rhamnus
Purchianus and the European R. catharticus are
used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges.
\'d8Rham`pho*rhyn"chus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. //// a beak + ////
snout.] (Paleon.) A genus of pterodactyls
in which the elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the
tip.
\'d8Rham`pho*the"ca (?), n.;
pl. Rhamphothec\'91 (#).
[NL., fr. Gr /// a beak + // a case.]
(Zo\'94l.) The horny covering of the bill of
birds.
Rha"phe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/// seam, fr. /// to sew. ] (Bot.)
The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an
anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam.
[Written also raphe.]
Gray.
\'d8Rhaph"i*des (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. ///, ///, a needle, F.
raphides.] (Bot.) Minute
transparent, often needlle-shaped, crystals found in the tissues
of plants. [Written also
raphides.]
Rha*pon"ti*cine (/), n. [L.
rhaponticum rhubarb. See Rhubarb.]
(Chem.) Chrysophanic acid.
Rhap"sode (?), n. [Gr.
////. See Rhapsody.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A rhapsodist. [R.]
Grote.
Rhap"so*der (?), n. A
rhapsodist. [Obs.]
{ Rhap*sod"ic (?), Rhap*sod"ic
(?) } a. [Gr. ////: cf. F.
rhapsodique.] Of or pertaining to rhapsody;
consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. --
Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Rhap"so*dist (?), n. [From
Rhapsody.] 1. Anciently, one who
recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession
was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets.
2. Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a
livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore.
The same populace sit for hours listening to
rhapsodists who recite Ariosto.
Carlyle.
3. One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with
great excitement or affectation of feeling.
I. Watts.
Rhap"so*dize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rhapsodized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rhapsodizing.] To utter as a rhapsody,
or in the manner of a rhapsody
Sterne.
Rhap"so*dize, v. i. To utter
rhapsodies.
Jefferson.
Rhap"so*do*man`cy (?), n.
[Rhapsody + -mancy.]
Divination by means of verses.
Rhap"so*dy (?), n.; pl.
Rhapsodies (#). [F.
rhapsodie, L. rhapsodia, Gr. ///,
fr. /// a rhapsodist; //// to sew, stith together,
unite + /// a song. See Ode.] 1.
A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic
poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time;
hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a
book.
2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements
composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural
connection; rambling composition. \'bdA rhapsody
of words.\'b8 Shak. \'bdA rhapsody of
tales.\'b8
Locke.
3. (Mus.) A composition irregular in
form, like an improvisation; as, Liszt's \'bdHungarian
Rhapsodies.\'b8
{ Rhat"a*ny, Rhat"an*hy }
(?), n. [Sp. ratania,
rata\'a4a, Peruv. rata\'a4a.]
The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian
plant (Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and
to color port wine. [Written also
ratany.]
Savanilla rhatany, the root of Krameria
Ixina, a native of New Granada.
Rhe"a (?), n. (Bot.)
The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth
plant, under Grass.
Rhe"a, n. [L., a proper name.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of three species of large
South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea
and Pterocnemia. Called also the American
ostrich.
Rhea
Americana), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea
(Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is smaller, and
has the legs feathered below the knee.
\'d8Rhe"\'91 (?), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of
struthious birds including the rheas.
Rhee"boc (?), n. [D.
reebok roebuck.] (Zo\'94l.) The
peele. [Written also reebok.]
Rhe"ic (?), a. [NL.
Rheum rhubarb, Gr. /// See
Rhubarb.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found
in rhubarb (Rheum). [Obsoles.]
Rhe"in (?), n. (Chem.)
Chrysophanic acid.
Rhein"ber*ry (?), n. [G.
rheinbeere.] (Bot.) One of the
berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn
itself.
Rhe*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
//// of or for a verb, fr. ///, ///, a
sentence. See Rhetoric.] (Gram.)
Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as,
rhematic adjectives.
Ftzed. Hall.
Rhe*mat"ic, n. The doctrine of
propositions or sentences.
Coleridge.
Rhemish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France.
Rhemish Testament, the English version of the
New Testament used by Roman Catholics. See Douay
Bible.
Rhen"ish (?), a. [L.
Rhenus the Rhine. ] Of or pertaining to the
river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. --
n. Rhine wine.
Rhe"o*chord (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + /// chord.] (Elec.)
A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a
circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by
inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit.
Rhe*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + -meter.] [Written
also reometer.] 1.
(Physics) An instrument for measuring currents,
especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a
galvanometer.
2. (Physiol.) An instrument for
measuring the velocity of the blood current in the
arteries.
Rhe`o*met"ric (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry.
Lardner.
Rhe*om"e*try (?), n. 1.
The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.
2. (Math.) The calculus; fluxions.
[R.]
Rhe"o*mo`tor (?), n.
[Gr./// to flow + E. motor.]
(Elec.) Any apparatus by which an electrical
current is originated. [R.]
Rhe"o*phore (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + /// to carry.] (Elec.)
(a) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic
apparatus, traversed by a current. (b) One of
the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.
Rhe"o*scope (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + -scope.]
(Physics) An instrument for detecting the
presence or movement of currents, as of electricity.
Rhe"o*stat (?), n. [Gr.
/// + /// standing still.] (Elec.)
A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of
electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of
resistance which can be varied at will.
Wheatstone. --Rhe`o*stat"ic
(#), a.
Rhe"o*tome (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + /// to cut.] (Elec.)
An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an
electric current.
Wheatstone.
Rhe"o*trope (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + /// to turn.] (Elec.)
An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric
current. [Written also reotrope.]
\'d8Rhe"sus (?), n. [L.
Rhesus, a proper name, Gr. ///.]
(Zo\'94l.) A monkey; the bhunder.
<-- p. 1237 -->
Rhe"ti*an (?), a. [L.
Rhaetius, Raetius: cf. F.
rh\'82tien.] Pertaining to the ancient
Rh\'91ti, or Rh\'91tians, or to Rh\'91tia, their country; as,
the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the
Grisons.
Rhe"tic (?), a. (Min.)
Same as Rh\'91tic.
Rhe"ti*zite (?), n.
(Min.) Same as Rh\'91tizite.
Rhe"tor (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
///.] A rhetorician. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Rhet"o*ric (?), n. [F.
rh\'82torique, L. rhetorica, Gr.
//// (sc. ///), fr. /// rhetorical,
oratorical, fr. /// orator, rhetorician; perhaps akin to E.
word; cf. /// to say.] 1.
The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in
prose.
2. Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety,
elegance, and force.
Locke.
3. Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or
declamation without conviction or earnest feeling.
4. Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction;
that which allures or charms.
Sweet, silent rhetoric of persuading eyes.
Daniel.
Rhe*tor"ic*al (?), a. [L.
rhetoricus, Gr. ////. See
Rhetoric.] Of or pertaining to rhetoric;
according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; oratorical; as, the
rhetorical art; a rhetorical treatise; a
rhetorical flourish.
They permit him to leave their poetical taste ungratified,
provided that he gratifies their rhetorical sense.
M. Arnold.
-- Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness, n.
Rhe*tor"i*cate (?), v. i. [L.
rhetoricari. See Rhetoric.] To
play the orator. [Obs.]
South.
Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. rh\'82torication.] Rhetorical
amplification. [Obs.]
Waterland.
Rhet`o*ri"cian (?), n. [Cf. F.
rh\'82toricien.] 1. One well
versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.
The understanding is that by which a man becomes a mere
logician and a mere rhetorician.
F. W. Robertson.
2. A teacher of rhetoric.
The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, which ever
had young auditors, lived till they were an hundred years
old.
Bacon.
3. An orator; specifically, an artificial orator
without genuine eloquence; a declaimer.
Macaulay.
Rhet`o*ri"cian, a. Suitable to a master
of rhetoric. \'bdWith rhetorician pride.\'b8
Blackmore.
Rhet"o*riz/ (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rhetorized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rhetorizing
(?).] To play the orator.
Colgrave.
Rhet"o*rize, v. t. To represent by a
figure of rhetoric, or by personification.
Milton.
\'d8Rhe"um (?), n. [NL., from
L. Rha the river Volga, on the banks of which it
grows. See Rhubarb.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants. See Rhubarb.
Rheum (?), n. [OF.
reume, rheume, F. rhume a cold,,
L. rheuma rheum, from Gr. ///, fr. /// to
flow, akin to E. stream. See Stream,
n., and cf. Hemorrhoids.]
(Med.) A serous or mucous discharge, especially
one from the eves or nose.
I have a rheum in mine eyes too.
Shak.
Salt rheum. (Med.) See Salt
rheum, in the Vocab.
Rheu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/// subject to a discharge or flux: cf. L.
rheumaticus, F. rhumatique. See
Rheum, Rheumatism.] 1.
Derived from, or having the character of, rheum;
rheumic. [Obs.]
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to
rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains or affections;
affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic old
man; causing rheumatism; as, a rheumatic
day.
That rheumatic diseases do abound.
Shak.
Rheu*mat"ic, n. One affected with
rheumatism.
Rheu"ma*tism (?), n. [L.
rheumatismus rheum, Gr. ////, fr./// to
have or suffer from a flux, fr. /// rheum: cf. F.
rheumatisme. See 2d Rheum.]
(Med.) A general disease characterized by
painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting
the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the
deeper organs, as the heart.
Inflammatory rheumatism (Med.),
acute rheumatism attended with fever, and attacking usually
the larger joints, which become swollen, hot, and very
painful. -- Rheumatism root. (Bot.)
See Twinleaf.
Rheu`ma*tis"mal (?), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism.
Rheu`ma*tis"moid (?), a.
[Rheumatism + -oid.]
(Med.) Of or resembling rheum or
rheumatism.
Rheum"ic (?), a. (Med.)
Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum.
Rheumic diathesis. See Dartrous
diathesis, under Dartrous.
\'d8Rheu"mi*des (?), n.pl. [NL.
See Rheum.] (Med.) The class of
skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis. See under
Dartrous.
Rheum"y (?), a. Of or
pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum; affected
with rheum.
His head and rheumy eyes distill in showers.
Dryden.
And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air
To add unto his sickness.
Shak.
Rhig"o*lene (?), n. [Gr.
/// cold + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.) A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons
intermediate between gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the
purification of crude petroleum, and is used as a
refregerant.
Rhime (?), n. See
Rhyme. [Obs.]
Rhi"nal (?), a. [Gr///,
///, the nose.] (Anat.) Og or
pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs.
\'d8Rhi*nas"ter (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ///, ///, nose + /// star.]
(Zo\'94l.) The borele.
Rhine (?), n. [AS.
ryne. See Run.] A water course; a
ditch. [Written also rean.]
[Prov. Eng.]
Macaulay.
Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
rhinencephalon.
\'d8Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon (?), n.;
pl. Rhinencephala (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. ///, ///, the nose + // the brain.]
(Anat.) The division of the brain in front of the
prosencephalon, consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which
the olfactory nerves arise.
Rhine"stone` (?), n. [Cf. G.
rheinkiesel Rhine quartz.] A colorless
stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an
inexpensive ornament.
\'d8Rhi*ni"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. //. ///, the nose + -itis.]
(Med.) Infllammation of the nose; esp.,
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils.
Rhi*no (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Gold and silver, or money.
[Cant]
W. Wagstaffe.
As long as the rhino lasted.
Marryat.
Rhi"no-. A combining form from Greek //,
///, the nose, as in rhinolith,
rhinology.
{ Rhi`no*ce"ri*al (?),
Rhi`no*cer"ic*al (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros;
resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn.
Tatler.
Rhi*noc"e*ros (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. ///, ///; ///. ///, the nose +
/// a horn: cf. F. rhinoc\'82ros. See
Horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Any pachyderm
belonging to the genera Rhinoceros,
Atelodus, and several allied genera of the family
Rhinocerotid\'91, of which several living, and many
extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and
usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on the
snout.
Rhinoceros Indicus and R. Sondaicus) have
incisor and canine teeth, but only one horn, and the very thick
skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or three African species
belong to Atelodus, and have two horns, but lack the
dermal folds, and the incisor and canine teeth. The two Malay, or
East Indian, two-horned species belong to Ceratohinus,
in which incisor and canine teeth are present. See
Borele, and Keitloa.
Rhinoceros auk (Zo\'94l.), an auk
of the North Pacific (Cerorhina monocrata) which has a
deciduous horn on top of the bill. -- Rhinoceros
beetle (Zo\'94l.), a very large beetle of
the genus Dynastes, having a horn on the head. --
Rhinoceros bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A large hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), native of
the East Indies. It has a large hollow hornlike process on the
bill. Called also rhinoceros hornbill.
See Hornbill. (b) An African beefeater
(Buphaga Africana). It alights on the back of the
rhinoceros in search of parasitic insects.
Rhi*noc"e*rote (?), n. A
rhinoceros. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the rhinoceros. [R.]
{ Rhi"no*lite (?) Rhi"no*lith
(?), } n. [Rhino- +
-lite, -lith.] (Med.)
A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose.
Rhi`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to rhinology.
Rhi*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
skilled in rhinology.
Rhi*nol"o*gy (?), n.
[Rhino- + -logy.] The
science which treats of the nose, and its diseases.
Rhi*nol"o*phid (?), n.
[Rhino- + Gr. /// crest.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus
Rhinilophus, or family Rhinolophid\'91,
having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat.
Rhi*nol"o*phine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats.
Rhi"no*phore (?), n.
[Rhino- + Gr. /// to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the two tentacle-like organs on
the back of the head or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch
mollusk. They are usually retractile, and often transversely
furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called
also dorsal tentacles. See Illust.
under Pygobranchia, and Opisthobranchia.
Rhi`no*plas"tic (?), a.
[Rhino- + -plastic: cf. F.
rhinoplastique.] (Surg.) Of or
pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic
operation.
Rhi"no*plas`ty (?), n.
[Rhino- + -plasty: cf. F.
rhinoplastie.] Plastic surgery of the nose
to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. Tissue may be
transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or
even from another person.
Rhi"no*pome (?), n.
[Rhino- + Gr. pw^ma a lid. ]
(Zo\'94l.) Any old-world bat of the genus
Rhinopoma. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending
beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs.
\'d8Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma (?), n.
[Rhino- + scleroma.]
(Med.) A rare disease of the skin, characterized
by the development of very hard, more or less flattened,
prominences, appearing first upon the nose and subsequently upon
the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat.
J. V. Shoemaker.
Rhi"no*scope (?), n.
[Rhino- + -scope.] A small
mirror for use in rhinoscopy.
Rhi`no*scop"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy.
Rhi*nos"co*py (?), n.
[Rhino- + -scopy.]
(Physiol.) The examination or study of the soft
palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror
introduced into the pharynx.
\'d8Rhi`no*the"ca (?), n.; pl.
Rhinothec\'91 (#). [NL., from gr.
///, ///, the nose + /// case.]
(Zo\'94l.) The sheath of the upper mandible of a
bird.
\'d8Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa (?), n.pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// a fan + //// a
tongue.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropod
mollusks having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike,
lingual teeth in each transverse row. It includes the
scutibranchs. See Illustration in Appendix.
Rhi*pip"ter (?), n. [Gr.
/// a fan + /// wing.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Rhipiptera, a group of insects having
wings which fold like a fan; a strepsipter.
Rhi*pip"ter*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Rhipipter.
Rhi*zan"thous (?), a. [Gr.
/// root + /// flower.] (Bot.)
Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a
root.
Rhi"zine (?), n. [Gr. ///
root.] (Bot.) A rootlike filament or hair
growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid.
Rhi`zo*car"pous (?), a. [Gr.
/// root + /// fruit.] (Bot.)
Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering
stems; -- said of all perennial herbs.
\'d8Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// root + /// head.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Pectostraca including
saclike parasites of Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike
extensions of the head. See Illusration in
Appendix.
Rhiz"o*dont (?), n. [Gr.
/// root + ///, ///, a tooth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A reptile whose teeth are rooted in
sockets, as the crocodile.
Rhiz"o*gan (?), a. [Gr.
/// root + -gen: cf. F.
rhizog\'8ane.] (Bot.) Prodicing
roots.
Rhiz"o*gen, n. (Bot.) One of
a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the roots of
other plants and destitute of green foliage.
Rhi"zoid (?), n. [Gr. ///
root + -oid.] (Bot.) A rootlike
appendage.
\'d8Rhi*zo"ma (?), n.; pl.
Rhizomata (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) SAme as Rhizome.
Rhi*zo"ma*tous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or
rootstock.
Rhi*zome" (?), n. [Gr.
/// the mass of roots (of a tree), a stem, race, fr.
/// to make to root, pass., to take root, fr. /// a
root: cf. F. rhizome.] (Bot.) A
rootstock. See Rootstock.
\'d8Rhi*zoph"a*ga (?), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
marsupials. The wombat is the type.
Rhi*zoph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
///; /// a root + /// to eat.]
Feeding on roots; root-eating.
\'d8Rhi*zoph"o*ra (?), n. [NL.
See Rhizophorous.] (Bot.) A genus
of trees including the mangrove. See Mangrove.
Rhi*zoph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr.
/// a root + //// to bear.] (Bot.)
Bearing roots.
Rhiz"o*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Rhizopoda.
\'d8Rhi*zop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// a root + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive class of Protozoa,
including those which have pseudopodia, by means of which they
move about and take their food. The principal groups are Lobosa
(or AmProtozoa.
Rhi*zop"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
rhizopods.
\'d8Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta (?), n.pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// a root + ///, ////, a
mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Medus\'91
which includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but
having large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See
Illust. in Appendix.
Rhiz"o*stome (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Rhizostomata.
<-- p. 1238 -->
\'d8Rhi`zo*tax"is (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /// a root + /// arrangement.]
(Bot.) The arrangement of the roots of
plants.
Rhob (?), n. See 1st Rob.
Rho`dam*mo"ni*um (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, rhodium and ammonia; -- said of certain complex
compounds.
Rho"da*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of rhodanic acid; a
sulphocyanate. [Obsoles.]
Rho*dan"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/// the rose.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid (commonly called sulphocyanic
acid) which frms a red color with ferric salts.
[Obsoles.]
Rho`de*o*re"tin (?), n. [Gr.
/// the rose + /// resin.] (Chem.)
Same as Convolvuln.
Rho"di*an (?), a. [L.
Rhodius: cf. F. rhodien.] Of or
pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean. --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Rhodes.
Rho"dic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium.
Rho"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
"ro`don the rose. So called from the rose-red color of
certain of its solutions. See Rhododendron.]
(Chem.) A rare element of the light platinum
group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white
inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic
weight 104.1. Specific gravity 12.
Rho`di*zon"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/// to be rose-red.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline
substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic
acid) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain
quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.
Rho`do*chro"site (?), n. [Gr.
"ro`don the rose + /// a coloring.]
(Min.) Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral
sometimes occuring crystallized, but generally massive with
rhombohedral cleavage like calcite; -- called also
dialogite.
Rho*doc"ri*nite (?), n. [Gr.
"ro`don rose + /// lily.]
(Paleon.) A rose encrinite.
Rho`do*den"dron (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. "rodo`dendron, literally, rose tree;
"ro`don rose + de`ndron tree. See
Rose.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or
small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and
remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay.
Rhod`o*mon*tade" (?), n. See
Rodomontade.
Rhod`o*mon*tad"er (?), n. See
Rodomontador.
Rho"don*ite (?), n. [Gr.
"ro`don the rose. ] (Min.)
Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring
crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an
ornamental stone.
Rho"do*phane (?), n. [Gr.
"ro`don the rose + /// to show.]
(Physiol.) The red pigment contained in the inner
segments of the cones of the retina in animals. See
Chromophane.
W. K\'9ahne.
Rho*dop"sin (?), n. [Gr.
"ro`don rose + "w`ps eye.]
(Physiol.) The visual purple. See under
Visual.
Rho"do*sperm (?), n. [Gr.
"ro`don the rose + spe`rma a seed.]
(Bot.) Any seaweed with red spores.
Rhodosperms,
or Rhodosperme\'91, is synonymous with
Floride\'91 (which see.)
Rhomb (?), n. [L.
rhombus, Gr. /// rhomb, a spinning top, magic
wheel, fr. /// to turn or whirl round, perhaps akin to E.
wrench: cf. F. rhombe. Cf.
Rhombus, Rhumb.] 1.
(Geom.) An equilateral parallelogram, or
quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides
parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two
acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case
it is usually called a square.
<-- Illustr. of Rhomb. -->
2. (Geom.) A rhombohedron.
Fresnel's rhomb (Opt.), a rhomb or
oblique parallelopiped of crown or St. Gobain glass so cut that a
ray of light entering one of its faces at right angles shall
emerge at right angles at the opposite face, after undergoing
within the rhomb, at other faces, two reflections. It is used to
produce a ray circularly polarized from a plane-polarized ray, or
the reverse.
Nichol.
Rhom"bic (?), a. 1.
Shaped like a rhomb.
2. (Crystallog.) Same as
Orthorhombic.
Rhom`bo*ga"noid (?), n.
[Rhomb + ganoid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled
scales; one of the Rhomboganoidei.
\'d8Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i (?), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Ginglymodi.
Rhom"bo*gene (?), n.
[Rhomb + root of Gr. /// to be born.]
(Zo\'94l.) A dicyemid which produces
infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to nematogene. See
Dicyemata. [Written also
rhombogen.]
Rhom`bo*he"dral (?), a. (Geom.
& Crystallog.) Related to the rhombohedron; presenting
the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a
rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the
rhombohedron and scalenohedron.
Rhombohedral iron ore (Min.) See
Hematite. -- Rhombohedral system
(Crystallog.), a division of the hexagonal system
embracing the rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc.
Rhom`bo*hed"ric (?), a. (Geom.
& Crystallog.) Rhombohedral.
Rhom`bo*he"dron (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /// rhomb + /// seat, base.]
(Geom. & Crystallog.) A solid contained by six
rhomboids; a parallelopiped.
Rhom"boid (?), n. [Gr.
/// rhomboidal; /// rhomb + /// shape: cf. F.
rhombo\'8bde.] (Geom.)An
oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the
opposite sides equal, the length and with being different.
Rhom"boid /, a. Same as
Rhomboidal.
Rhom*boid"al (?), a. [Cf. F.
rhombo\'8bdal.] Having, or approaching, the
shape of a rhomboid.
Rhom*boid"es (?), n. A
rhomboid. [R.]
Milton.
Rhom`boid-o"vate (?), a.
Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape.
Rhomb" spar` (?). (Min.) A
variety of dolomite.
Rhom"bus (?), n. [L.]
Same as Rhomb, 1.
Rhon`chal (?), a. (Med.)
Rhonchial.
Rhon"chi*al (?), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced
by rhonchi.
Rhonchial fremitus. [L. fremitus a
dull roaring or murmuring.] (Med.) A
vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid
upon its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in
the bronchial tubes.
Rhon*chis"o*nant (?), a. [L.
rhonchus a snoring + sonans, p. pr. of
sonare to sound.] Making a snorting noise;
snorting. [R.]
\'d8Rhon"chus (?), n.; pl.
Rhonchi (#). [L., a snoring, a
croaking.] (Med.) An adventitious whistling
or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air
channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term
rhonchus is used as equivalent to r\'83le
in its widest sense. See R\'83le.
Rho*pal"ic (?), a. [Gr.
//// club-shaped; fr. /// a club: cf. F.
rhopalique.] (Pros.) Applied to
a line or verse in which each successive word has one more
syllable than the preceding.
\'d8Rho*pa"li*um (?), n.; pl.
Rhopalia (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the marginal sensory bodies of
medus\'91 belonging to the Discophora.
\'d8Rhop`a*loc"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. /// a club + /// ahorn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Lepidoptera including
all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having
club-shaped antenn\'91.
Rho"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr.
"rwtaki`zein to use the letter r (rhotacisme.] An
oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r;
specifically (Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the
Indo-European languages, to change s to r,
as wese to were.
Rhu"barb (?), n. [F.
rhubarbe, OF. rubarbe,
rheubarbe, reubarbare, reobarbe,
LL. rheubarbarum for rheum barbarum, Gr.
/// (and //) rhubarb, from the river Rha
(the Volga) on whose banks it grew. Originally, therefore, it was
the barbarian plant from the Rha. Cf. Barbarous,
Rhaponticine.] 1. (Bot.)
The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus
Rheum and order Polygonace\'91.
2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum
Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are
pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also
pieplant.
3. (Med.) The root of several species of
Rheum, used much as a cathartic medicine.
Monk's rhubarb. (Bot.) See under
Monk. -- Turkey rhubarb
(Med.), the roots of Rheum
Emodi.
Rhu"barb*y (?), a. Like
rhubarb.
Rhumb (?), n. [F.
rumb, Sp. rumbo, or Pg. rumbo,
rumo, probably fr. Gr. /// a magic wheel, a
whirling motion, hence applied to a point of the compass. See
Rhomb.] (Navigation) A line which
crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; -- called also
rhumb line, and loxodromic
curve. See Loxodromic.
To sail on a rhumb, to sail continuously on
one course, following a rhumb line.
\'d8Rhus (?), n. [L., sumac,
fr. Gr. ///.] (Bot.) A genus of
shrubs and small treets. See Sumac.
Rhus"ma (?), n. [See
Rusma.] A mixtire of caustic lime and
orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, -- used in the depilation of
hides.
Knight.
Rhyme (?), n. [OE.
ryme, rime, AS. r\'c6m number;
akin to OHG. r\'c6m number, succession, series, G.
reim rhyme. The modern sense is due to the influence
of F. rime, which is of German origin, and originally
the same word.] [The Old English spelling
rime is becoming again common. See Note under
Prime.] 1. An expression of
thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a composition in verse; a
rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language. \'bdRailing
rhymes.\'b8
Daniel.
A ryme I learned long ago.
Chaucer.
He knew
Himself to sing, and build the lofty rime.
Milton.
2. (Pros.) Correspondence of sound in
the terminating words or syllables of two or more verses, one
succeeding another immediately or at no great distance. The words
or syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant, or
if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a consonant.
The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, as also the sounds
of the final consonants if there be any.
For rhyme with reason may dispense,
And sound has right to govern sense.
Prior.
3. Verses, usually two, having this correspondence
with each other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes.
4. A word answering in sound to another word.
Female rhyme. See under Female.
-- Male rhyme. See under Male. --
Rhyme or reason, sound or sense. --
Rhyme royal (Pros.), a stanza of seven
decasyllabic verses, of which the first and third, the second,
fourth, and fifth, and the sixth and seventh rhyme.
Rhyme (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rhymed
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rhyming.] [OE. rimen,
rymen, AS. r\'c6man to count: cf. F.
rimer to rhyme. See Rhyme,
n.] 1. To make rhymes, or
verses. \'bdThou shalt no longer ryme.\'b8
Chaucer.
There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side,
Who rhymed for hire, and patronized for pride.
Pope.
2. To accord in rhyme or sound.
And, if they rhymed and rattled, all was well.
Dryden.
Rhyme, v. t. 1. To put into
rhyme.
Sir T. Wilson.
2. To influence by rhyme.
Hearken to a verser, who may chance
Rhyme thee to good.
Herbert.
Rhyme"less, a. Destitute of rhyme.
Bp. Hall.
Rhym"er (?), n. One who makes
rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt; a poor poet; a
poetaster.
This would make them soon perceive what despicaple creatures
our common rhymers and playwriters be.
Milton.
Rhym"er*y (?), n. The art or
habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt.
Rhyme"ster (?), n. A rhymer; a
maker of poor poetry.
Bp. Hall. Byron.
Rhym"ic (?), a. Pertaining to
rhyme.
Rhym"ist, n. A rhymer; a
rhymester.
Johnston.
\'d8Rhyn`chob*del"le*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// snout _ /// a leech.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of leeches including those
that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the
type.
\'d8Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// snout + /// head.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles having biconcave
vertebr\'91, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar
osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but
numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the
earliest of reptiles. See Hatteria. Called also
Rhynchocephalia.
\'d8Rhyn`cho*c\'d2"la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /// snout + /// hollow.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Nemertina. --
Rhyn`cho*c\'d2"lous (#),
a.
Rhyn"cho*lite /, n. [Gr. ///
snout, beak + -lie: cf. F.
rhyncholithe.] (Paleon.) A
fossil cephalopod beak.
\'d8Rhyn`cho*nel"la /, n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /// snout.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
brachiopods of which some species are still living, while many
are found fossil.
\'d8Rhyn*choph"o*ra /, n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /// snout + /// to carry.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Coleoptera having a
snoutlike head; the snout beetles, curculios, or weevils.
Rhyn"cho*phore (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Rhynchophora.
\'d8Rhyn*cho"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Hemiptera.
[Written also Rhyncota.]
Rhy"o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
/// to flow + -lite.] (Min.)
A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a
fluidal structure. -- Rhy`o*lit"ic,
(#) a.
Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
//// painting foul or mean objects; "ryparo`s
filthy, dirty + gra`fein to write, paint.]
In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life
pictures.
Rhy*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/// flow + -meter.] An instrument,
acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the
velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc.
Rhythm (?), n. [F.
rhythme, rythme, L. rhythmus,
fr. GR. /// measured motion, measure, proportion, fr.
/// to flow. See Stream.] 1.
In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a
regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc.,
producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or
the like.
2. (Mus.) Movement in musical time, with
periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which
marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of
movement and accent.
Moore (Encyc. )
3. A division of lines into short portions by a
regular succession of arses and theses, or
percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables.
4. The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.
<-- p. 1239 -->
Rhyth"mer (?), n. One who
writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter.
[R.]
One now scarce counted a rhythmer, formerly
admitted for a poet.
Fuller.
{ Rhyth"mic (?), Rhyth"mic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. ////: cf.
L. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.]
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm
DAy and night
I worked my rhythmic thought.
Mrs. Browning.
Rhythmical accent. (Mus.) See
Accent, n., 6 (c).
Rhyth"mic*al*ly, adv. In a rhythmical
manner.
Rhyth"mics (?), n. The
department of musical science which treats of the length of
sounds.
Rhyth"ming (?), a. Writing
rhythm; verse making. \'bdThe rhythming
monk.\'b8
Fuller.
Rhythm"less (?), a. Being
without rhythm.
Coleridge.
Rhyth*mom"e*ter (?), n.
[Rhythm + -meter.] An
instrument for marking time in musical movements. See
Metronome.
\'d8Rhyth"mus (?), n.
[L.] Rhythm.
\'d8Rhyt"i*na (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Rytina.
Ri"al (/), n. A Spanish coin.
See Real. [Obs.]
Ri*al", a. Royal.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ri"al (?), n. [From
Royal.] A gold coin formerly current in
England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of
Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of
Elizabeth. [Spelt also ryal.]
Brande & C.
\'d8Ri`ant" (?), a. [F.
riant, p. pr. of rire to laugh, L.
ridere.] Laughing; laughable; exciting
gayety; gay; merry; delightful to the view, as a landscape.
In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other
sources, with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light
and riant.
Burke.
Rib (?), n. [AS.
rib, ribb; akin to D. rib, G.
rippe, OHG. rippa, rippi, Dan.
ribbe, Icel. rif, Russ.
rebro.] 1. (Anat.) One
of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and
supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.
sternal, or
true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are
called asternal, or false, ribs,
and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the
cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at
the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See
Thorax.
2. That which resembles a rib in form or use.
Specifically: (a) (Shipbuilding) One of
the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and
upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give
shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach.
& Structures) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate,
cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it.
(c) One of the rods on which the cover of an
umbrella is extended. (d) A prominent line or
ridge, as in cloth. (e) A longitudinal strip
of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun.
3. (Bot.) The chief nerve, or one of the
chief nerves, of a leaf. (b) Any longitudinal
ridge in a plant.
4. (Arch.) (a) In Gothic
vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are
strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the
whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted
construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of
these in wood, plaster, or the like. (b) A
projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a
pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.
5. (Mining) (a) Solid coal on
the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. (b)
An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support.
Raymond.
6. A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of
Adam's rib. [Familiar & Sportive]
How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their
own rib.
Bp. Hall.
Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front
of the middle rib. See Chuck. -- Fore
ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the
sirloin. -- Middle rib, a cut of beef between
the chuck rib and the fore ribs. -- Rib grass.
(Bot.) Same as Ribwort.
Rib, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ribbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ribbing.] 1. To furnish with
ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to
rib cloth.
2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut
in.
<-- 3. To kid; to poke fun at. -->
It [lead] were too gross
To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave.
Shak.
To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed
ground between the furrows in plowing.
Rib"ald (?), n./ [OE.
ribald, ribaud, F. ribaud, OF.
ribald, ribault, LL. ribaldus,
of German origin; cf. OHG hr\'c6pa prostitute. For the
ending -ald cf. E. Herald.] A low,
vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow.
Spenser. Pope.
Ribald was almost a class name in the feudal system
. . . He was his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is
not to be wondered at that the word rapidly became a synonym for
everything ruffianly and brutal.
Earle.
Rib"ald, a. Low; base; mean; filthy;
obscene.
The busy day,
Waked by the lark, hath roused the ribald crows.
Shak.
Rib"ald*ish, a. Like a ribald.
Bp. Hall.
Rib"ald*rous (?), a. Of a
ribald quality. [R.]
Rib"ald*ry (?), n. [OE.
ribaldrie, ribaudrie, OF.
ribalderie, ribauderie.] The
talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity;
lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but
formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct.
The ribaldry of his conversation moved
/stonishment even in that age.
Macaulay.
Rib"an (?), n. See
Ribbon. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Rib"and (?), n. See
Ribbon.
Riband jasper (Min.), a variety of
jasper having stripes of different colors, as red and
green.
Rib"and, n. (Naut.) See
Rib-band.
Totten.
Rib"and*ed, a. Ribboned.
B. Jonson.
Rib"aud (?), n. A ribald.
[Obs.]
P. Plowman.
\'d8Ri*bau"de*quin (?), n.
[F.] 1. An engine of war used in the
Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on
wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th
century) furnished with small cannon.
2. A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town
for casting javelins.
{ Rib"aud*red (?), Rib"aud*rous
(?), } a. Filthy; obscene;
ribald. [Obs.]
Rib"aud*ry (?), n.
Ribaldry. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rib"aud*y (?), n.
Ribaldry. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rib"auld (?), n. A
ribald. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rib"band (?), n.A ribbon.
Pope.
Rib"*band` (?), n.
[Rib + band.] [Written also
riband, and ribbon.]
(Shipbuilding) A long, narrow strip of timber
bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold
them in position, and give rigidity to the framework.
Rib-band lines, oblique longitudinal sectionss
of the hull of a vessel.
Knight.
Ribbed (?), a. 1.
Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed
cylinder; ribbed cloth.
2. (Mining) Intercalated with slate; --
said of a seam of coal.
Raymond.
Rib"bing (?), n.An assemblage
or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an
arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants,
ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.
Rib"bon (?), n. [OE.
riban, OF. riban, F. ruban,
probably of German origin; cf. D. ringband collar,
necklace, E. ring circle, and band.]
[Written also riband,
ribband.] 1. A fillet or narrow
woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a
woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes.
2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or
magnesium ribbon; sails torn to
ribbons.
3. (Shipbuilding) Same as
Rib-band.
4. pl. Driving reins.
[Cant]
London Athen\'91um.
5. (Her.) A bearing similar to the bend,
but only one eighth as wide.
6. (Spinning) A silver.
The blue ribbon, and The red
ribbon, are phrases often used to designate the British
orders of the Garter and of the Bath, respectively, the badges of
which are suspended by ribbons of these colors. See Blue
ribbon, under Blue.
Ribbon fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the
family Trachypterid\'91, especially the species of the
genus Trachypterus, and the oarfish (Regelecus
Banksii) of the North Atlantic, which is sometimes over
twenty feet long. (b) The hairtail, or
bladefish. (c) A small compressed marine fish
of the genus Cepola, having a long, slender, tapering
tail. The European species (C. rubescens) is light red
throughout. Called also band fish. --
Ribbon grass (Bot.), a variety of reed
canary grass having the leaves stripped with green and white; --
called also Lady's garters. See Reed
grass, under Reed. -- Ribbon seal
(Zo\'94l.), a North Pacific seal
(Histriophoca fasciata). The adult male is dark brown,
conspicuously banded and striped with yellowish white. --
Ribbon snake (Zo\'94l.), a common North
American snake (Eutainia saurita). It is conspicuously
striped with bright yellow and dark brown. -- Ribbon
Society, a society in Ireland, founded in the early
part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It
afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers banded
together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from
the green ribbon worn by members as a badge. -- Ribborn
worm. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
tapeworm. (b) A nemertean.
Rib"bon, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ribboned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ribboning.] To adorn with, or
as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons.
Rib"bon*ism (?), n. The
principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See Ribbon
Society, under Ribbon.
Rib"bon*man (?), n; pl.
-men. A member of the Ribbon Society. See
Ribbon Society, under Ribbon.
Rib"bon*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) A malvaceous tree (Hoheria
populnea) of New Zealand, the bark of which is used for
cordage.
\'d8Ri"bes (?), n.[NL.; cf.
Dan. ribs, and Ar. r\'c6b\'bes a plant with
an acid juice.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs
including gooseberries and currants of many kinds.
Rib"ibe (?), n. [See
Rebec.] 1. A sort of stringed
instrument; a rebec. [Obs.]
Nares.
2. An old woman; -- in contempt.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. A bawd; a prostitute. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Rib"i*ble (?), n. [See
Ribibe.] A small threestringed viol; a
rebec.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
All can be play on gittern or ribible.
Chaucer.
Rib"less, a. Having no ribs.
Rib"roast` (?), v. t. To beat
soundly. [Slang]
Rib"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with
long, narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also rib
grass, ripple grass,
ribwort plantain.
-ric (?). [AS r\'c6ce kingdom,
dominion. See Rich.] A suffix signifying
dominion, jurisdiction; as,
bishopric, the district over which a bishop exercises
authority.
Rice (?), n. [F. riz
(cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L.
oryza, Gr. ///, ///, probably from the
Persian; cf. OPers. br\'c6zi, akin to Skr.
vr\'c6hi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf.
Rye.] (Bot.) A well-known cereal
grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is
extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a
large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows
chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed.
Ant rice. (Bot.) See under
Ant. -- French rice. (Bot.)
See Amelcorn. -- Indian rice., a
tall reedlike water grass (Zizania aquatica), bearing
panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North
American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern
States. Called also water oat,
Canadian wild rice, etc. -- Mountain
rice, any species of an American genus
(Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice.
-- Rice bunting. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Ricebird. -- Rice hen
(Zo\'94l.), the Florida gallinule. --
Rice mouse (Zo\'94l.), a large
dark-colored field mouse (Calomys palistris) of the
Southern United States. -- Rice paper, a kind
of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, -- used for painting
upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by
cutting the pith of a large herb (Fatsia papyrifera,
related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is
flattened out under pressure. Called also pith
paper. -- Rice troupial
(Zo\'94l.), the bobolink. -- Rice
water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small
quantity of rice in water. -- Rice-water
discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice
water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the
bowels, in cholera. -- Rice weevil
(Zo\'94l.), a small beetle (Calandra, ) which destroys rice, wheat, and
Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also
black weevil.
Rice"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The Java sparrow.
(b) The bobolink.
Rice"-shell` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small
white polished marine shells of the genus
Olivella.
Rich, (r, a.
[Compar. Richer (/);
superl. Richest.] [OE.
riche, AS. r\'c6ce rich, powerful; akin to
OS. r\'c6ki, D. rijk, G. reich,
OHG. r\'c6hhi, Icel. r\'c6kr, Sw.
rik, Dan. rig, Goth. reiks; from
a word meaning, ruler, king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and
akin to L. rex, regis, king,
regere to guide, rule. Right,
and cf. Derrick, Enrich, Rajah,
Riches, Royal.] 1. Having
an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount
of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy;
opulent; affluent; -- opposed to poor.
\'bdRich merchants.\'b8
Chaucer.
The rich [person] hath many friends.
Prov. xiv. 20.
As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash
Of some rich burgher.
Milton.
2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding;
abundant; copious; bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a
rich entertainment; a rich crop.
If life be short, it shall be glorious;
Each minute shall be rich in some great action.
Rowe.
The gorgeous East with richest hand
Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold.
Milton.
3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile;
fruitful; as, rich soil or land; a rich
mine.
4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or
ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious;
sumptuous; costly; as, a rich dress; rich
silk or fur; rich presents.
Like to rich and various gems.
Milton.
5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities;
-- especially applied to articles of food or drink which are
high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet,
luscious, and high-flavored; as, a rich dish;
rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich
wine or fruit.
Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India.
Baker.
6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a
rich color.
7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a
rich voice; rich music.
8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a
rich landscape; rich scenery.
9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement;
entertaining; as, the scene was a rich one; a
rich incident or character.
[Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Rich is sometimes used in the formation
of self-explaining compounds; as, rich-fleeced,
rich-jeweled, rich-laden,
rich-stained.
Syn. -- Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious;
abundant; plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious;
generous; luscious.
Rich, v. t. To enrich.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Rich"es (?), n. pl. [OE.
richesse, F. richesse, from
riche rich, of German origin. See
Rich,a.] 1. That which
makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other
property; wealth; opulence; affluence.
Riches do not consist in having more gold and
silver, but in having more in proportion, than our neighbors.
Locke.
2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or
the like.
The riche of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.
Milton.
Richesse, the older form of this word,
was in the singular number. The form riches, however,
is plural in appearance, and has now come to be used as a
plural.
Against the richesses of this world shall they have
misease of poverty.
Chaucer.
In one hour so great riches is come to nought.
Rev. xviii. 17.
And for that riches where is my deserving?
Shak.
Syn. -- Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness;
plenty; abundance.
<-- p. 1240 -->
Rich"esse (?), n. [F. See
Riches.] Wealth; riches. See the Note under
Riches. [Obs.]
Some man desireth for to have richesse.
Chaucer.
The richesse of all heavenly grace.
Spenser.
Rich"ly (?), adv. In a rich
manner.
Rich"ness, n. The quality or state of
being rich (in any sense of the adjective).
Rich"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
An herb (Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family,
having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also
clearweed.
Ric`in*e`la*id"ic (?), a.
[Ricinoleic + elaidic.]
Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of
ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.
Ric`in*e*la"i*din (?), n.
(Chem.) The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid,
obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor
oil with nitrous acid.
Ri*cin"ic (?), a. [L.
ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly,
designating an acid now called ricinoleic
acid.
Ric"i*nine (?), n. [L.
ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)
A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds
of the castor-oil plant.
Ric`in*o"le*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly
called palmate.
Ric`in*o"le*ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty
acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily
substance, C/H/O/ with a harsh taste. Formerly written
ricinolic.
Ric`in*o"le*in (?), n. [L.
ricinus castor-oil plant + oleum
oil.] (Chem.) The glycerin salt of
ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of
castor oil; -- formerly called palmin.
Ric`i*nol"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Ricinoleic.
\'d8Ric"i*nus (/), n. [L.,
the castor-oil plant.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (R.
communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled,
and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss
expressed. See Palma Christi.
Rick (?), n. [OE.
reek, rek, AS. hre\'a0c a heap;
akin to hryce rick, Icel. hraukr.] A stack
or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually
protected from wet with thatching.
Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at
intervals beyond the hedgerows.
G. Eliot.
Rick, v. t. To heap up in ricks, as hay,
etc.
Rick"er (?), n. A stout pole
for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat.
Rick"et*ish (?), a.
Rickety. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Rick"ets (?), n. pl. [Of
uncertain origin; but cf. AS. wrigian to bend, D.
wrikken to shake, E. wriggle.]
(Med.) A disease which affects children, and
which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs,
depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid
abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often
premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease
appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid
tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk
unsteadily. Called also rachitis.
<-- also, infantile or juvenile osteomalacia. Deficient
calcification of bone causing skeletal abnormalities. It is
caused by vitamin D deficiency. -->
Rick"et*y (?), a. 1.
Affected with rickets.
2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak;
shaky.
Rick"rack` (?), n. A kind of
openwork edging made of serpentine braid.
Rick"stand` (?), n. A flooring
or framework on which a rick is made.
Ric`o*chet" (?), n. [F.]
A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a
gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone
thrown along the surface of water.
Ricochet firing (Mil.), the firing
of guns or howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation
of only a few degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to
bound or skip along the ground.
Ric`o*chet" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ricochetted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Ricochetting.] To
operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet,
n. [R.]
Ric`o*chet", v. i. To skip with a
rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or
a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet,
n.
Ric"tal (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the rictus;
as, rictal bristles.
Ric"ture (?), n. [L.
ringi, rictus, to open wide the mouth, to
gape.] A gaping. [Obs.]
\'d8Ric"tus (?), n. [L., the
aperture of the mouth.] The gape of the mouth, as of
birds; -- often resricted to the corners of the mouth.
Rid (?), imp. & p. p. of
Ride, v. i. [Archaic]
He rid to the end of the village, where he
alighted.
Thackeray.
Rid, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rid Ridded; p. pr. & vb.
n. Ridding.] [OE.
ridden, redden, AS. hreddan to
deliver, liberate; akin to D. & LG. redden, G.
retten, Dan. redde, Sw.
r\'84dda, and perhaps to Skr. /rath to
loosen.] 1. To save; to rescue; to deliver;
-- with out of. [Obs.]
Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the
hand of the wicked.
Ps. lxxxii. 4.
2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed
by of. \'bdRid all the sea of
pirates.\'b8
Shak.
In never ridded myself of an overmastering and
brooding sense of some great calamity traveling toward me.
De Quincey.
3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence;
to make away with; to destroy. [Obs.]
I will red evil beasts out of the land.
Lev. xxvi. 6.
Death's men, you have rid this sweet young
prince!
Shak.
4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to
finish. [R.] \'bdWillingness rids
way.\'b8
Shak.
Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if
thieves were at our tails.
J. Webster.
To be rid of, to be free or delivered
from. -- To get rid of, to get deliverance
from; to free one's self from.
Rid"a*ble (?), a. Suitable for
riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable
road.
Rid"dance (?), n. 1.
The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or
out.
Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners
of thy field.
Lev. xxiii. 22.
2. The state of being rid or free; freedom;
escape. \'bdRiddance from all adversity.\'b8
Hooker.
Rid"den (?), p. p. of
Ride.
Rid"der (?), n. One who, or
that which, rids.
Rid"dle (?), n. [OE.
ridil, AS. hridder; akin to G.
reiter, L. cribrum, and to Gr. /// to
distinguish, separate, and G. rein clean. See
Crisis, Certain.] 1. A
sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser
materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or
gravel from sand.
2. A board having a row of pins, set zigzag,
between which wire is drawn to straighten it.
Rid"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Riddled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Riddling (?).] 1.
To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass
through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to
riddle coal or gravel.
2. To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to
make many holes in; as, a house riddled with
shot.
Rid"dle, n. [For riddels,
s being misunderstood as the plural ending; OE.
ridels, redels. AS. r/dels; akin to D.
raadsel, G. r\'84thsel; fr. AS.
r/dan to counsel or advise, also, to guess.
Read.] Something proposed to
be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an
ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or
puzzling.
To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret,
That solved the riddle which I had proposed.
Milton.
'T was a strange riddle of a lady.
Hudibras.
Rid"dle, v. t. To explain; to solve; to
unriddle.
Riddle me this, and guess him if you can.
Dryden.
Rid"dle, v. i. To speak ambiguously or
enigmatically. \'bdLysander riddels very
prettily.\'b8
Shak.
Rid"dler (?), n.One who riddles
(grain, sand, etc.).
Rid"dler, n. One who speaks in, or
propounds, riddles.
Rid"dling (?), a. Speaking in a
riddle or riddles; containing a riddle.
\'bdRiddling triplets.\'b8 Tennyson. --
Rid"dling, adv.
Ride (?), v. i.
[imp. Rode (r
(Rid [rarchaic); p. p.
Ridden (/) (Rid,
archaic); p. pr. & vb. n. Riding
(/).] [AS. r\'c6dan; akin
to LG. riden, D. rijden, G.
reiten, OHG. r\'c6tan, Icel.
r\'c6, Sw. rida, Dan.
ride; cf. L. raeda a carriage, which is
from a Celtic word. Cf. Road.] 1.
To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse.
To-morrow, when ye riden by the way.
Chaucer.
Let your master ride on before, and do you gallop
after him.
Swift.
2. To be borne in a carriage; as, to
ride in a coach, in a car, and the like. See
Synonym, below.
The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by
riding in gilden carriages, but by walking the streets
with trains of servants.
Macaulay.
3. To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to
lie.
Men once walked where ships at anchor ride.
Dryden.
4. To be supported in motion; to rest.
Strong as the exletree
On which heaven rides.
Shak.
On whose foolish honesty
My practices ride easy!
Shak.
5. To manage a horse, as an equestrian.
He rode, he fenced, he moved with graceful
ease.
Dryden.
6. To support a rider, as a horse; to move under
the saddle; as, a horse rides easy or hard, slow or
fast.
To ride easy (Naut.), to lie at
anchor without violent pitching or straining at the cables.
-- To ride hard (Naut.), to pitch
violently. -- To ride out. (a) To go
upon a military expedition. [Obs.]
Chaucer. (b) To ride in the open air.
[Colloq.] -- To ride to hounds, to
ride behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting.
Syn. -- Drive. -- Ride,
Drive. Ride originally meant (and is so used
throughout the English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a
vehicle of any kind. At present in England, drive is
the word applied in most cases to progress in a carriage; as, a
drive around the park, etc.; while ride is
appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems to sanction
this distinction by giving \'bdto travel on
horseback\'b8 as the leading sense of ride; though he
adds \'bdto travel in a vehicle\'b8 as a secondary
sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some extent;
as, the queen rides to Parliament in her coach of
state; to ride in an omnibus.
\'bdWill you ride over or drive?\'b8
said Lord Willowby to his quest, after breakfast that
morning.
W. Black.
Ride, v. t. 1. To sit on, so as
to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to ride
a bicycle.
[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the
air
In whirlwind.
Milton.
2. To manage insolently at will; to domineer
over.
The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by
bakers, cobblers, and brewers.
Swift.
3. To convey, as by riding; to make or do by
riding.
Tue only men that safe can ride
Mine errands on the Scottish side.
Sir W. Scott.
4. (Surg.) To overlap (each other); --
said of bones or fractured fragments.
To ride a hobby, to have some favorite
occupation or subject of talk. -- To ride and
tie, to take turn with another in labor and rest; --
from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of
whom rides the animal a certain distance, and then
ties him for the use of the other, who is coming up on
foot. Fielding. -- To ride down.
(a) To ride over; to trample down in riding; to
overthrow by riding against; as, to ride down an
enemy. (b) (Naut.) To bear
down, as on a halyard when hoisting a sail. -- To ride
out (Naut.), to keep safe afloat during (a
storm) while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea;
as, to ride out the gale.
<-- to ride the lightning, (Colloq.) to be
executed by electrocution in an electric chair. -->
Ride, n. 1. The act of riding;
an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.
2. A saddle horse. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
3. A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through
grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding.
Ri*dean" (?), n. [F.]
A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small
ridge.
Rid"en (?), obs. imp.
pl. & p. p. of Ride.
Chaucer.
Ri"dent (?), a. [L.
ridens, p. pr. of ridere to laugh.]
Laughing. [R.]
Thackeray.
Rid"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rides.
2. Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of
goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler.
[Eng.]
3. One who breaks or manages a horse.
Shak.
4. An addition or amendment to a manuscript or
other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper;
in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill
while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is
imposed.
After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a
rider.
Macaulay.
This [question] was a rider which Mab found
difficult to answer.
A. S. Hardy.
5. (Math.) A problem of more than usual
difficulty added to another on an examination paper.
6. [D. rijder.] A Dutch gold
coin having the figure of a man on horseback stamped upon
it.
His moldy money ! half a dozen riders.
J. Fletcher.
7. (Mining) Rock material in a vein of
ore, dividing it.
8. (Shipbuilding) An interior rib
occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to
the beame of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame.
Totten.
9. (Naut.) The second tier of casks in a
vessel's hold.
10. A small forked weight which straddles the beam
of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the
weight on a steelyard.
11. A robber. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Drummond.
Rider's bone (Med.), a bony deposit
in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh, due to
the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in
riding.
Rid"er*less, a. Having no rider; as,
a riderless horse.
H. Kingsley.
Ridge (?), n. [OE.
rigge the back, AS. hrycg; akin to D.
rug, G. r\'9acken, OHG. rucki,
hrukki, Icel. hryggr, Sw. rugg,
Dan. ryg. 1. The back,
or top of the back; a crest.
Hudibras.
2. A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part
of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys.
\'bdThe frozen ridges of the Alps.\'b8
Shak.
Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct.
Milton.
3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up
by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the
surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.
4. (Arch.) The intersection of two
surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top
between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.
5. (Fort.) The highest portion of the
glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered
way.
Stocqueler.
Ridge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ridged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ridging.] 1. To form a ridge
of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or
ridges.
Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back
Of chafed wild boars.
Milton.
2. To form into ridges with the plow, as
land.
3. To wrinkle. \'bdWith a forehead
ridged.\'b8
Cowper.
Ridge"band` (?), n. The part of
a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts
of a cart; -- called also ridgerope, and
ridger.
Halliwell.
Ridge"bone` (?), n. The
backbone. [Obs.]
Blood . . . lying cluttered about the
ridgebone.
Holland.
Ridg"el (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Ridgelling.
Ridge"let (?), n. A little
ridge.
Ridge"ling (?), n. [Prov. E.
riggilt, riggot, ananimal half castrated, a
sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. rigel,
rig, a barrow hog, rigler a cock half
castrated.] (Zo\'94l.) A half-castrated
male animal.
{ Ridge"piece` (?), Ridge"plate`
(?), } n. See
Ridgepole.
Ridge"pole` (?), n.
(Arch.) The timber forming the ridge of a roof,
into which the rafters are secured.
Ridge"rope` (?), n.
(Naut.) See Life line (a),
under Life.
Ridg"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to
form ridges.
Ridg"y (?), a. Having a ridge
or ridges; rising in a ridge. \'bdLifted on a
ridgy wave.\'b8
Pope.
Rid"i*cle (?), n.
Ridicule. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Rid"i*cule (?), n. [F.
ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr.
ridiculus. See Ridiculous.] 1.
An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing
matter.
[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies
made him the ridicule of his contemporaries.
Buckle.
To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a
ridicule.
Foxe.
2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person
designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of
that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement
by making a person an object of laughter; banter; -- a term
lighter than derision.
We have in great measure restricted the meaning of
ridicule, which would properly extend over whole
region of the ridiculous, -- the laughable, -- and we have
narrowed it so that in common usage it mostly corresponds to
\'bdderision\'b8, which does indeed involve personal and
offensive feelings.
Hare.
Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne,
Yet touched and shamed by ridicule alone.
Pope.
3. Quality of being ridiculous;
ridiculousness. [Obs.]
To see the ridicule of this practice.
Addison.
Syn. -- Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery;
irony; satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer. --
Ridicule, Derision, Both words imply
disapprobation; but ridicule usually signifies
good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest malice,
while derision is commonly bitter and scornful, and
sometimes malignant.<-- ridicule is now usually
malicious. RIbbing or kidding is good-natured -->
Rid"i*cule, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ridiculed (?);p. pr. & vb.
n. Ridiculing.] To laugh at
mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or
respecting.
I 've known the young, who ridiculed his rage.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize;
lampoon. See Deride.
<-- p. 1241 -->
Rid"i*cule (?), a. [F.]
Ridiculous. [Obs.]
This action . . . became so ridicule.
Aubrey.
Rid"i*cu`ler (?), n. One who
ridicules.
Ri*dic"u*lize (?), v. t. To
make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also,
something ridiculous. [Archaic]
Bailey.
Ri*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L.
ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr.
ridere to laigh. Cf. Risible.]
1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable;
unworthy of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous
dress or behavior.
Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy
glaives ill pointed would soon become ridiculous
against the thrust and close, commanded three Batavian cohorts .
. . to draw up and come to handy strokes.
Milton.
2. Involving or expressing ridicule.
[r.]
[It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical;
absurd; preposterous. See Ludicrous.
--- Ri*dic"u*lous*ly, adv. --
Ri*dic"u*lous*ness, n.
Rid"ing (?), n. [For
thriding, Icel. pr/jungr the third part,
fr. pri/i third, akin to E. third. See
Third.] One of the three jurisdictions into
which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly
under the government of reeve. They are called the
North, the East, and the West,
Riding.
Blackstone.
Rid"ing, a. 1. Employed to
travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk.
\'bdOne riding apparitor.\'b8
Ayliffe.
2. Used for riding on; as, a riding
horse.
3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to
riding; as, a riding whip; a riding habit;
a riding day.
Riding clerk. (a) A clerk who
traveled for a commercial house. [Obs. Eng.]
(b) One of the \'bdsix clerks\'b8 formerly attached
to the English Court of Chancery. -- Riding hood.
(a) A hood formerly worn by women when riding.
(b) A kind of cloak with a hood. -- Riding
master, an instructor in horsemanship. --
Riding rhyme (Pros.), the meter of five
accents, with couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the
mounted pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. Dr.
Guest. -- Riding school, a school or
place where the art of riding is taught.
Rid"ing, n. 1. The act or state
of one who rides.
2. A festival procession. [Obs.]
When there any riding was in Cheap.
Chaucer.
3. Same as Ride, n., 3.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. A district in charge of an excise officer.
[Eng.]
\'d8Ri*dot"to (?), n. [It., fr.
LL. reductus a retreat. See Redoubt.]
A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music
and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves.
Brande & C.
There are to be ridottos at guinea tickets.
Walpole.
Ri*dot"to, v. i. To hold ridottos.
[R.]
J. G. Cooper.
Rie (?), n. See
Rye. [Obs.]
Holland.
Rie grass. (Bot.) (a) A
kind of wild barley (Hordeum pratense). Dr.
Prior. (b) Ray grass. Dr.
Prior.
Rief (?), n. [See
Reave.] Robbery. [Obs. or
Scot.]
Riet"boc (?), n. [D.
riet reed + bok buck.]
(Zo\'94l.) The reedbuck, a South African antelope
(Cervicapra arundinacea); -- so called from its
frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its
color is yellowish brown. Called also
inghalla, and
rietbok.
Rife (?), a. [AS.
r\'c6f abundant, or Icel. r\'c6fr
munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve,
abundant.] 1. Prevailing; prevalent;
abounding.
Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were
rife and mortal.
Arbuthnot.
Even now the tumult of loud mirth
Was rife, and perfect in may listening ear.
Milton.
2. Having power; active; nimble.
[Obs.]
What! I am rife a little yet.
J. Webster.
-- Rife"ly, adv. --
Rife"ness, n.
Rif"fle (?), n. [CF. G.
riffeln, riefeln, to groove. Cf.
Rifle a gun.] (Mining) A trough or
sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for
holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when
auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or
steps in such a trough. Also called ripple.
Rif"fler (?), n. [See
Riffle.] A curved file used in carving wool
and marble.
Riff"raff` (?), n. [OE.
rif and raf every particle, OF. rif et raf.
CF. Raff, and 1st Rifle.]
Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society.
Beau & Fl.
Ri"fle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rifled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rifling
(?).] [F. rifler to rifle,
sweep away; of uncertain origin. CF. Raff.]
1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away;
to carry off.
Till time shall rifle every youthful grace.
Pope.
2. To strip; to rob; to pillage.
Piers Plowman.
Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye:
If not, we'll make you sit and rifle you.
Shak.
3. To raffle. [Obs.]
J. Webster.
Ri"fle, v. i. 1. To
raffle. [Obs.]
Chapman.
2. To commit robbery. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Ri"fle, n. [Akin to Dan.
rifle, or riffel, the rifle of a gun, a
chamfer (cf. riffel, riffelb\'94sse, a
rifle gun, rifle to rifle a gun, G.
riefeln, riefen, to chamfer, groove), and
E. rive. See Rive, and cf. Riffle,
Rivel.] 1. A gun, the inside of
whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels, thus giving the
ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a
military firearm it has superseded the musket.
2. pl. (Mil.) A body of
soldiers armed with rifles.
3. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar
material, used for sharpening scythes.
Rifle pit (Mil.), a trench for
sheltering sharpshooters.
Ri"fle (?), v. t. 1.
To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with
spiral channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a
cannon.
2. To whet with a rifle. See Rifle,
n., 3.
Ri"fle*bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
beautiful birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera
Ptiloris and Craspidophora, allied to the
paradise birds.
Ptiloris
paradisea of Australia. Its general color is rich velvety
brown, glossed with lilac; the under parts are varied with rich
olive green, and the head, throat, and two middle tail feathers
are brilliant metallic green.
Ri"fle*man (?), n.; pl.
Rifleman (/). (Mil.)
A soldier armed with a rifle.
Ri"fler (?), n. One who rifles;
a robber.
Ri"fling (?), n. (a)
The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon
or gun barrel. (b) The system of grooves in a
rifled gun barrel or cannon.
Shunt rifling, rifling for cannon, in which
one side of the groove is made deeper than the other, to
facilitate loading with shot having projections which enter by
the deeper part of the grooves.
Rift (?), obs. p.
p. of Rive.
Spenser.
Rift, n. [Written also
reft.] [Dan. rift, fr.
rieve to rend. See Rive.] 1.
An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a
fissure.
Spenser.
2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford.
Rift, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rifted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rifting.] To cleave; to rive; to split;
as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the
clouds.
Longfellow.
To dwell these rifted rocks between.
Wordsworth.
Rift, v. i. 1. To burst open;
to split.
Shak.
Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance.
Bacon.
2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Rift"er (?), n. A rafter.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Rig (?), n. [See
Ridge.] A ridge. [Prov. or
Scott.]
Rig, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rigging (?).] [Norweg.
rigga to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf.
AS. wr\'c6han to cover.] 1. To
furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.
2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an
odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by
out.
Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver
lace.
L'Estrange.
To rig a purchase, to adapt apparatus so as to
get a purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle,
capstan, etc. -- To rig a ship
(Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc.,
to their respective masts and yards.
Rig, n. 1. (Naut.)
The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of
sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are
distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig,
etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing.
[Colloq.]
Rig, n [Cf. Wriggle.]
1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming
conduct. [Obs.]
Fuller.
2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.
3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas
were yet well composed.
Burke.
To run a rig, to play a trick; to engage in a
frolic; to do something strange and unbecoming.
He little dreamt when he set out
Of running such a rig.
Cowper.
Rig, v. i. To play the wanton; to act in
an unbecoming manner; to play tricks.
\'bdRigging and rifling all ways.\'b8
Chapman.
Rig, v. t. To make free with; hence, to
steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or Prov.]
Tusser.
To rig the market (Stock Exchange),
to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or
trick. [Cant]
Rig`a*doon" (?), n. [F.
rigadon, rigaudon.] A gay,
lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been borrowed from
Provence in France.
W. Irving.
Whose dancing dogs in rigadoons excel.
Wolcott.
Ri"ga fir` (?) [So called from
Riga, a city in Russia.] (Bot.)
A species of pine (Pinus sylvestris), and its
wood, which affords a valuable timber; -- called also
Scotch pine, and red . It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus,
and in Siberia.
Ri*ga"rion (?), n. [L.
rigatio, fr. rigare to water.]
See Irrigation. [Obs.]
Ri"gel (?), n. [Ar.
rijl, properly, foot.] (Astron.)
A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the
constellation Orion. [Written also
Regel.]
Ri*ges"cent (?), a. [L.
rigescens, p. pr. fr. rigescere to grow
stiff.] Growing stiff or numb.
Rig"ger (?), n. 1. One
who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging
of a ship.
2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery.
[R.]
Rig"ging (?), n. DRess; tackle;
especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc., that
support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases
for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of
Ship and Sails.
Running rigging (Naut.), all those
ropes used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail,
etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the
like. -- Standing rigging (Naut.),
the shrouds and stays.
Rig"gish (?), a. Like a rig or
wanton. [Obs.] \'bdRiggish and
unmaidenly.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Rig"gle (?), v. i. See
Wriggle.
Rig"gle, n. The European lance
fish. [Prov. Eng.]
Right (?), a. [OE.
right, riht, AS. riht; akin to
D. regt, OS. & OHG. reht, G.
recht, Dan. ret, Sw. r\'84tt, Icel.
r\'89ttr, Goth. ra\'a1hts, L.
rectus, p. p. of regere to guide, rule; cf.
Skr. /ju straight, right. Adroit,Alert, Correct, Dress,
Regular, Rector, Recto,
Rectum, Regent, Region,
Realm, Rich, Riyal,
Rule.] 1. Straight; direct; not
crooked; as, a right line. \'bdRight
as any line.\'b8
Chaucer
2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright
axis; not oblique; as, right ascension; a
right pyramid or cone.
3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the
will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the
true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true.
That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely
right, and is called right simply without
relation to a special end.
Whately.
2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming;
as, the right man in the right place; the
right way from London to Oxford.
5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real;
actual; not spurious. \'bdHis right wife.\'b8
Chaucer.
In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly
manifested themselves to be right barbarians.
Milton.
6. According with truth; passing a true judgment;
conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not
erroneous; correct; as, this is the right
faith.
You are right, Justice, and you weigh this
well.
Shak.
If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . .
. right, \'bdLet us eat and drink, for to-morrow we
die.\'b8
Locke.
7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate.
The lady has been disappointed on the right
side.
Spectator.
8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man
on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the
other side; -- opposed to left when used in reference
to a part of the body; as, the right side, hand,
arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower
animals.
Became the sovereign's favorite, his right
hand.
Longfellow.
right and left are used always with
reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction
of the current's flow.
9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly;
well regulated; correctly done.
10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as,
the right side of a piece of cloth.
At right angles, so as to form a right angle
or right angles, as when one line crosses another
perpendicularly. -- Right and left, in both
or all directions. [Colloq.] -- Right and
left coupling (Pipe fitting), a coupling the
opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw and a
left-handed screw, respectivelly. -- Right angle.
(a) The angle formed by one line meeting another
perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, DBC.
(b) (Spherics) A spherical angle included
between the axes of two great circles whose planes are
perpendicular to each other. -- Right ascension.
See under Ascension. -- Right Center
(Politics), those members belonging to the Center
in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on
political questions. See Center, n., 5.
-- Right cone, Right cylinder,
Right prism, Right pyramid
(Geom.), a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the
axis of which is perpendicular to the base. -- Right
line. See under Line. -- Right
sailing (Naut.), sailing on one of the four
cardinal points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its
longitude, but not both. Ham. Nav. Encyc. --
Right sphere (Astron. & Geol.), a
sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon at
right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the
sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of
the equator.
Right is used elliptically for it is
right, what you say is right,
true.
\'bdRight,\'b8 cries his lordship.
Pope.
Syn. -- Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful;
rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable;
becoming.
Right, adv. 1. In a right
manner.
2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence;
straightway; immediately; next; as, he stood right
before me; it went right to the mark; he came
right out; he followed right after the
guide.
Unto Dian's temple goeth she right.
Chaucer.
Let thine eyes look right on.
Prov. iv. 25.
Right across its track there lay,
Down in the water, a long reef of gold.
Tennyson.
3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or
Colloq.]
Came he right now to sing a raven's note?
Shak.
4. According to the law or will of God; conforming
to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; as, to
live right; to judge right.
5. According to any rule of art; correctly.
You with strict discipline instructed right.
Roscommon.
6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly;
really; correctly; exactly; as, to tell a story
right. \'bdRight at mine own
cost.\'b8
Chaucer.
Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye.
Chaucer.
His wounds so smarted that he slept right
naught.
Fairfax.
7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly;
extremely; highly; as, right humble; right
noble; right valiant. \'bdHe was not
right fat\'b8.
Chaucer.
For which I should be right sorry.
Tyndale.
[I] return those duties back as are right fit.
Shak.
right honorable; right reverend.
Right honorable, a title given in England to
peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such
peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors;
also, to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of
York, and of Dublin.
<-- p. 1242 -->
Right is used in composition with other
adverbs, as upright, downright,
forthright, etc.
Right along, without cessation; continuously;
as, to work right along for several hours.
[Colloq. U.S.] -- Right away, Right off, at once; straightway; without
delay. [Colloq. U.S.] \'bdWe will . . . shut
ourselves up in the office and do the work right
off.\'b8 D. Webster.
Right (?), n. [AS.
right. See Right, a.]
1. That which is right or correct.
Specifically: (a) The straight course; adherence to
duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom
from guilt, -- the opposite of moral wrong.
(b) A true statement; freedom from error of
falsehood; adherence to truth or fact.
Seldom your opinions err;
Your eyes are always in the right.
Prior.
(c) A just judgment or action; that which is true
or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity.
Long love to her has borne the faithful knight,
And well deserved, had fortune done him right.
Dryden.
2. That to which one has a just claim.
Specifically: (a) That which one has a natural
claim to exact.
There are no rights whatever, without corresponding
duties.
Coleridge.
(b) That which one has a legal or social claim to
do or to exact; legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a
right to arrest a criminal. (c)
That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim
to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a
piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership.
Born free, he sought his right.
Dryden.
Hast thou not right to all created things?
Milton.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable.
Burke.
(d) Privilege or immunity granted by
authority.
3. The right side; the side opposite to the
left.
Led her to the Souldan's right.
Spenser.
4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in
France), those members collectively who are conservatives or
monarchists. See Center, 5.
5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a
piece of cloth, a carpet, etc.
At all right, at all points; in all respects.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Bill of
rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a
declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under
Bill. -- By right, By
rights, By good rights, rightly;
properly; correctly.
He should himself use it by right.
Chaucer.
I should have been a woman by right.
Shak.
-- Divine right, Divine right of
kings, a name given to the patriarchal theory of
government, especially to the doctrine that no misconduct and no
dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or his heirs to
the throne, and to the obedience of the people. -- To
rights. (a) In a direct line; straight.
[R.] Woodward. (b) At once;
directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Swift. --
To set to rights, To put to
rights, to put in good order; to adjust; to
regulate, as what is out of order. -- Writ of
right (Law), a writ which lay to recover
lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.
Blackstone.
Right, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Righted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Righting.] [AS. rihtan. See
Right, a.] 1. To bring or
restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to
make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to
correct.
2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to
restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; as, to
right the oppressed; to right one's self;
also, to vindicate.
So just is God, to right the innocent.
Shak.
All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to
suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right
themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are
accustomed.
Jefferson.
To right a vessel (Naut.), to
restore her to an upright position after careening. --
To right the helm (Naut.), to place it
in line with the keel.
Right, v. i. 1. To recover the
proper or natural condition or position; to become upright.
2. (Naut.) Hence, to regain an upright
position, as a ship or boat, after careening.
Right"-a*bout` (?), n.
[Right, adv. + about, adv.]
A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the
opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; as,
to turn to the right-about.
To send to the right-about, to cause to turn
toward the opposite point or quarter; -- hence, of troops, to
cause to turn and retreat. [Colloq.]
Sir W. Scott.
Right"-an`gled (?), a.
Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a
right-angled triangle.
Right"en (?), v. t. To do
justice to. [Obs.]
Relieve [marginal reading, righten] the
opressed.
Isa. i. 17.
Right"eous (?), a. [OE.
rightways, rightwise,
AS.rightw\'c6s; riht right +
w\'c6s wise, having wisdom, prudent. See
Right, a., Wise,
a.] Doing, or according with, that which is
right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially,
free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as, a
righteous man or act; a righteous
retribution.
Fearless in his righteous cause.
Milton.
Syn. -- Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous;
honest; equitable; rightful.
Right"eoused (?), a. Made
righteous. [Obs.]
Right"eous*ly (?), adv. [AS.
rightw\'c6sl\'c6ce.] In a righteous manner;
as, to judge righteously.
Right"eous*ness, n. [AS.
rihtw\'c6snes.] 1. The quality or
state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness;
rectitude.
Righteousness, as used in Scripture and
theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to
holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections
of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.
2. A righteous act, or righteous quality.
All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags.
Isa. lxiv. 6.
3. The act or conduct of one who is
righteous.
Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth
right///ness at all times.
Ps. cvi. 3.
4. (Theol.) The state of being right
with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground
justification.
There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the
one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us,
which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian
virtues.
Hooker.
Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us,
and received by faith alone.
Westminster Catechism.
Syn. -- Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice;
rightfulness; integryty; honesty; faithfulness.
Right"er (?), n. One who sets
right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.
Shelton.
Right"ful (?), a. 1.
Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Consonant to justice; just; as, a
rightful cause.
3. Having the right or just claim according to
established laws; being or holding by right; as, the
rightful heir to a throne or an estate; a
rightful king.
4. Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by
just claim; as, a rightful inheritance;
rightful authority.
Syn. -- Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.
Right"ful*ly, adv. According to right or
justice.
Right"ful*ness, n. 1. The
quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and
justice.
2. Moral rectitude; righteousness.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
We fail of perfect rightfulness.
Sir P. Sidney.
Right"-hand` (?), a. 1.
Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than
the left; as, the right-hand side, room, or
road.
2. Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable.
Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their right-hand
man in the troop.
Addison.
Right-hand rope, a rope which is laid up and
twisted with the sun, that is, in the same direction as
plain-laid rope. See Illust. of
Cordage.
Right"*hand`ed, a. 1. Using the
right hand habitually, or more easily than the left.
2. Having the same direction or course as the
movement of the hands of a watch seen in front; -- said of the
motion of a revolving object looked at from a given
direction.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having the whorls rising
from left to right; dextral; -- said of spiral shells. See
Illust. of Scalaria.
Right-handed screw, a screw, the threads of
which, like those of a common wood screw, wind spirally in such a
direction that screw advances away from the observer when turned
with a right-handed movement in a fixed nut.
Right"-hand`ed*ness, n. The state or
quality of being right-handed; hence, skill; dexterity.
Right"-heart`ed (?), a. Having
a right heart or disposition. --
Right"-heart`ed*ness,
n.
Right"less, a. Destitute of right.
Sylvester.
Right"-lined` (?), a. Formed by
right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined
angle.
Right"ly, adv. [AS.
richtlice.] 1. Straightly;
directly; in front. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. According to justice; according to the divine
will or moral rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly
performed.
3. Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately.
Eve rightly called, Mother of all mankind.
Milton.
4. According to truth or fact; correctly; not
erroneously; exactly. \'bdI can not rightly
say.\'b8
Shak.
Thou didst not rightly see.
Dryden.
Right"-mind`ed (?), a. Having a
right or honest mind. --
Right"-mind`ed*ness,
n.
Right"ness, n. [AS.
richtnes.] . Straightness; as, the
rightness of a line.
Bacon.
2. The quality or state of being right; right
relation.
The craving for rightness with God.
J. C. Shairp.
Right"-run`ning (?), a.
Straight; direct.
Right"ward (?), adv. Toward the
right.
Rightward and leftward rise the rocks.
Southey.
Right" whale` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale
(Bal\'91na mysticetus), from whose mouth the best
whalebone is obtained. (b) Any other whale
that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay,
right whale (Bal\'91na cisarctica), and the Pacific
right whale (B. Sieboldii); a bone whale.
Pygmy right whale (Zo\'94l.), a
small New Zealand whale (Neobal\'91na marginata) which
is only about sixteen feet long. It produces short, but very
elastic and tough, whalebone.
Right"wise` (?), a.
Righteous. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Right"wise`, v. t. To make
righteous. [Obs.]
Right"wise`ly, adv. Righteously.
[Obs.]
Right"wise`ness, n. Righteousness.
[Obs.]
In doom and eke in rightwisnesse.
Chaucer.
Rig"id (?), a. [L.
rigidus, fr. rigere to be stiff or numb:
cf. F. rigide. Cf. Rigor. ] 1.
Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible.
Upright beams innumerable
Of rigid spears.
Milton.
2. Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible;
strict; as, a rigid father or master; rigid
discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid
sentence.
The more rigid order of principles in religion and
government.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict;
exact; severe; austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.
Ri*gid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rigiditas: cf. F. rigidit\'82. See
Rigid.] 1. The quality or state of
being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of resisting change
of from; the amount of resistance with which a body opposes
change of form; -- opposed to flexibility,
ductility, malleability, and
softness.
2. Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease
or elegance.
Sir H. Wotton.
3. Severity; rigor. [Obs. orR.]
Bp. Burnet.
Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility.
Rig"id*ly (?), v. In a rigid
manner; stiffly.
Rig"id*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rigid.
Ri*gid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim.
from rigid.] (Bot.) Somewhat
rigid or stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle.
Rig"let (?), n. (Print.)
See Reglet.
Rig"ma*role (?), n. [For
ragman roll. See Ragman's roll.] A
succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish talk;
nonsense. [Colloq.]
Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to
call rigmarole.
De Quincey.
Rig"ma*role, a. Consisting of rigmarole;
frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.
Rig"ol (?), n. [OE. also
ringol. Cf. Ring.] A circle;
hence, a diadem. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rig"oll (?), n. [Corruupted fr.
regal.] A musical instrument formerly in
use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated
by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end.
Moore (Encyc. of Music. ).
\'d8Ri"gor (?), n. [L. See
Rigor., below.] 1. Rigidity;
stiffness.
2. (ed.) A sense of chilliness, with
contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in
the chill preceeding a fever.
\'d8Rigor caloris (/) [L., rigor
of heat] (Physiol.), a form of rigor mortis
induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to
about 50 -- \'d8Rigor mortis
(/) [L. , rigor of death] , death
stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and
lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of
myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual
muscle fibers.
Rig"or (?), n. [OE.
rigour, OF. rigour, F. rigueur,
from L. rigor, fr. rigere to be stiff. See
Rigid.] [Written also
rigour.] 1. The becoming stiff
or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness;
hardness.
The rest his look
Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move.
Milton.
2. (Med.) See 1st Rigor,
2.
3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency;
as, the rigor of the storm; the rigors of
winter.
4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged
sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness;
cruelty.
All his rigor is turned to grief and pity.
Denham.
If I shall be condemn'd
Upon surmises, . . . I tell you
'T is rigor and not law.
Shak.
5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or
indulgence; strictness; as, the rigor of criticism;
to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties
with rigor; -- opposed to lenity.
6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary
submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification.
The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor
and austerity of a capuchin.
Addison.
7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.]
Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could
stay.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity;
austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.
Rig"or*ism (?), n. 1.
Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed to
laxity.
2. Severity, as of style, or the like.
Jefferson.
Rig"or*ist, n. [Cf. F.
rigoriste.] One who is rigorous; --
sometimes applied to an extreme Jansenist.
Rig"or*ous (?), a. [F.
rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See
Rigor.] 1. Manifesting, exercising,
or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation;
scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as,
a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous
execution of law; a rigorous definition or
demonstration.
He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock
With rigorous hands.
Shak.
We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their
rigorous unity.
De Quincey.
2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a
rigorous winter.
3. Violent. [Obs.]
\'bdRigorous uproar.\'b8
Spenser.
Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe;
austere; stern; harsh; strict; exact.
-- Rig"or*ous*ly, adv. --
Rig"or*ous*ness, n.
\'d8Rigs"da`ler (?), n. [Dan.
See Rix-dollar.] A Danish coin worth about
fifty-four cents. It was former unit of value in Denmark.
\'d8Riks"da`ler (?), n. [Sw.
See Rix-dollar.] A Swedish coin worth about
twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in
Sweden.
\'d8Rig`-Ve"da (?). See
Veda.
Rile (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Riled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Riling.]
[See Roil.] 1. To render turbid
or muddy; to stir up; to roil.
2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to
vex.
\'d8Ri*lie"vo (?), n.[It. See
Relief.] (Sculp. & Arch.) Same as
Relief, n.,5.
Rill (?), n. [Cf. LG.
rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer,
OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench
or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol
a little ditch. 1. A very small
brook; a streamlet.
2. (Astron.) See Rille.
Rill, v. i. To run a small stream.
[R.]
Prior.
Rille (?), n. [G.
rille a furrow.] (Astron.) One
of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope,
on the surface of the moon.
Rill"et (?), n. A little
rill.
Burton.
Ri"ly (?), a. Roily.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
<-- p. 1243 -->
Rim (?), n. [As.
rima, reoma, edge; cf. W. rhim,
rhimp, a rim, edge, boundary, termination, Armor,
rim. Cf. Rind.] 1. The
border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular
or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or
basin.
2. The lower part of the abdomen.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Arch rim (Phonetics), the line
between the gums and the palate. -- Rim-fire
cartridge. (Mil.) See under
Cartridge. -- Rim lock. See under
Lock.
Rim, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rimming.] To furnish with a rim; to
border.
\'d8Ri"ma (?), n.; pl.
Rim\'91 (#). [L.]
(Anat.) A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft;
a fissure.
\'d8Ri"mau da"han (?). [From the native
Oriental name.] (Zo\'94l.) The clouded
tiger cat (Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and the
East Indies.
Rim"base` (?), n. (Mil.)
A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a
cannon. See Illust. of Cannon.
Rime (?), n. [L.
rima.] A rent or long aperture; a chink; a
fissure; a crack.
Sir T. Browne.
Rime, n. [AS. hr\'c6m; akin
to D. rijm, Icel. hr\'c6m, Dan.
rim, Sw. rim; cf. D. rijp, G.
reif, OHG. r\'c6fo,
hr\'c6fo.] White frost; hoarfrost;
congealed dew or vapor.
The trees were now covered with rime.
De Quincey.
Rime, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Riming.] To freeze or congeal into
hoarfrost.
Rime, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A step or round of a ladder; a rung.
Rime, n. Rhyme. See
Rhyme.
Coleridge. Landor.
Rime, v. i. & t. To rhyme. See
Rhyme.
Rim"er (?), n. A rhymer; a
versifier.
Rim"er, n. A tool for shaping the rimes
of a ladder.
Rim"ey (?), v. t. [Cf. OF.
rimoier. See Ryime.] To compose in
rhyme; to versify. [Obs.]
[Lays] rimeyed in their first Breton tongue.
Chaucer.
Rim"mer (?), n. An implement
for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the
edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer.
Knight.
Ri*mose" (?), a. [L.
rimosus, fr. rima a chink: cf. F.
rimeux.] 1. Full of rimes,
fissures, or chinks.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having long and nearly
parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees.
Ri*mose"ly, adv. In a rimose
manner.
Ri*mos"i*ty (?), n. State of
being rimose.
Rim"ous (?), a. Rimose.
Rim"ple (?), n. [AS.
hrimpele, or rimpel. See Rumple.]
A fold or wrinkle. See Rumple.
Rim"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Rimpled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rimpling (?).] To
rumple; to wrinkle.
Rim"y (?), a. Abounding with
rime; frosty.
Rind (?), n. [AS.
rind bark, crust of bread; akin // OHG.
rinta, G. rinde, and probably to E.
rand, rim; cf. Skr. ram to end,
rest.] The external covering or coat, as of flesh,
fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell.
Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind
With all thy charms, although this corporal rind
Thou hast immanacled.
Milton.
Sweetest nu/ hath sourest rind.
Shak.
Rind, v. t. To remove the rind of; to
bark. [R.]
Rin"der*pest (?), n. [G., fr.
rind, pl. rinder, cattle + pest
pest, plague.] A highly contagious distemper or
murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and
goats; -- called also cattle plague,
Russian cattle plague, and steppe
murrain.
Rin"dle (?), n. [AS.
rynele. Run.] A
small water course or gutter.
Ash.
Rind"less (?), a. Destitute of
a rind.
Rind"y (?), a. Having a rind or
skin.
Ash.
Rine (?), n. See
Rind. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rined (?), a. Having a
rind [Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Rin`for*zan"do (?), a.
[It., fr. rinfor/ale to re\'89nforce,
strengthen.] (Mus.) Increasing;
strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden increase of
force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf.
Forzando, and Sforzando.
Ring (?), v. t.
[imp. Rang (?) or
Rung (/); p. p. Rung;
p. pr. & vb. n. Ringing.]
[AS. hringan; akin to Icel. hringja,
Sw. ringa, Dan. ringe, OD.
ringhen, ringkelen.
1. To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a
metallic body; as, to ring a bell.
2. To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to
sound.
The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums,
Hath rung night's yawning peal.
Shak.
3. To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly.
To ring a peal, to ring a set of changes on a
chime of bells. -- To ring the changes upon.
See under Change. -- To ring
in out, to usher, attend on, or
celebrate, by the ringing of bells; as, to ring out
the old year and ring in the new.
Tennyson. -- To ring the bells
backward, to sound the chimes, reversing the common
order; -- formerly done as a signal of alarm or danger.
Sir W. Scott.
Ring, v. i. 1. To sound, as a
bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one.
Now ringen trompes loud and clarion.
Chaucer.
Why ring not out the bells?
Shak.
2. To practice making music with bells.
Holder.
3. To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a
//inging or reverberating sound.
With sweeter notes each rising temple rung.
Pope.
The hall with harp and carol rang.
Tennyson.
My ears still ring with noise.
Dryden.
4. To continue to sound or vibrate; to
resound.
The assertion is still ringing in our ears.
Burke.
5. To be filled with report or talk; as, the
whole town rings with his fame.
Ring, n. 1. A sound;
especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the
ring of a bell.
2. Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a
sound continued, repeated, or reverberated.
The ring of acclamations fresh in his ears.
Bacon
3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically
tuned.
As great and tunable a ring of bells as any in the
world.
Fuller.
Ring (?), n. [AS.
hring, hrinc; akin to Fries.
hring, D. & G. ring, OHG. ring,
hring, Icel. hringr, DAn. & SW.
ring; cf. Russ. krug'. Cf.
Harangue, Rank a row,Rink.]
A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a
circular line or hoop.
2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or
other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the
ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a
wedding ring.
Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring.
Chaucer.
The dearest ring in Venice will I give you.
Shak.
3. A circular area in which races are or run or
other sports are performed; an arena.
Place me. O, place me in the dusty ring,
Where youthful charioteers contened for glory.
E. Smith.
4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight;
hence, figuratively, prize fighting. \'bdThe road was an
institution, the ring was an institution.\'b8
Thackeray.
5. A circular group of persons.
And hears the Muses in a ///
Aye round about Jove's alter sing.
Milton.
6. (Geom.) (a) The plane figure
included between the circumferences of two concentric
circles. (b) The solid generated by the
revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior
straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle
or other figure.
7. (Astron. & Navigation) An instrument,
formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a
brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through
which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the
graduated inner surface opposite.
8. (Bot.) An elastic band partly or
wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See
Illust. of Sporangium.
9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons
for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute
offices, obtain contracts, etc.
The ruling ring at Constantinople.
E. A. Freeman.
Ring armor, armor composed of rings of metal.
See Ring mail, below, and Chain mail,
under Chain. -- Ring blackbird
(Zo\'94l.), the ring ousel. -- Ring
canal (Zo\'94l.), the circular water tube
which surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms. --
Ring dotterel, Ringed
dotterel. (Zo\'94l.) See
Dotterel, and Illust. of
Pressiroster. -- Ring dropper, a
sharper who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself),
and tries to induce another to buy it as valuable, it being
worthless. -- Ring fence. See under
Fence. -- Ring finger, the third
finger of the left hand, or the next the little finger, on which
the ring is placed in marriage. -- Ring formula
(Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a
closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See
Illust. under Benzene. -- Ring
mail, a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed
upon a garment of leather or of cloth. -- Ring
micrometer. (Astron.) See Circular
micrometer, under Micrometer. --
Saturn's rings. See Saturn. --
Ring ousel. (Zo\'94l.) See
Ousel. -- Ring parrot
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old
World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially
Pal\'91ornis torquatus, common in India, and P.
Alexandri of Java. -- Ring plover.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The ringed dotterel.
(b) Any one of several small American plovers having
a dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover
(\'92gialitis semipalmata). -- Ring
snake (Zo\'94l.), a small harmless American
snake (Diadophis punctatus) having a white ring around
the neck. The back is ash-colored, or sage green, the belly of an
orange red. -- Ring stopper. (Naut.)
See under Stopper. -- Ring thrush
(Zo\'94l.), the ring ousel. -- The prize
ring, the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize
fighters, collectively. -- The ring. (a)
The body of sporting men who bet on horse races.
[Eng.] (b) The prize ring.
Ring, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ringing.] 1. To surround with
a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. \'bdRing
these fingers.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Hort.) To make a ring around by
cutting away the bark; to girdle; as, to ring
branches or roots.
3. To fit with a ring or with rings, as the
fingers, or a swine's snout.
Ring, v. i. (Falconry) To
rise in the air spirally.
Ring"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called
also ring-billed blackhead. See
Scaup.
Ring"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The reed bunting. It has a collar of
white feathers. Called also ring
bunting.
Ring"bolt` (?), n. An eyebolt
having a ring through the eye.
Ring"bone` (?), n. (Far.)
A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the
small pastern and the great pastern bones.
J. H. Walsh.
Ring"dove` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European wild pigeon (Columba
palumbus) having a white crescent on each side of the neck,
whence the name. Called also wood pigeon, and
cushat.
Ringed (?), a. 1.
Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.
2. Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully
wedded. \'bdA ringed wife.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ringed seal (Zo\'94l.), a North
Pacific seal (Phoca f\'d2tida) having ringlike spots
on the body. -- Ringed snake
(Zo\'94l.), a harmless European snake
(Tropidonotus natrix) common in England. --
Ringed worm (Zo\'94l.), an
annelid.
Rin"gent (?), a. [L.
ringens, -entis, p. pr. of ringi
to open wide the mouth: cf. F. ringent.]
(Bot.) Having the lips widely separated and
gaping like an open mouth; as a ringent bilabiate
corolla.
Ring"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on
bells.
2. (Mining) A crowbar.
Simmonds.
Ring"er (?), n. (Horse
Racing) A horse that is not entitled to take part in a
race, but is fraudulently got into it.
Ring"head` (?), n. (Cloth
Manuf.) An instrument used for stretching woolen
cloth.
Ring"ing, a & n. from Ring,
v.
Ringing engine, a simple form of pile driver
in which the monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.
Ring"ing*ly, adv. In a ringing
manner.
Ring"lead`er (?), n. 1.
The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a
number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of
animals.
A primacy of order, such an one as the ringleader
hath in a dance.
Barrow.
2. Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged
in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters,
mutineers, or the like.
The ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined, and
imprisoned.
Macaulay.
Ring"gle*stone` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The ringed dotterel, or ring
plover. [Prov.Eng.]
Ring"let (?), n.
[Ring + -let.] 1.
A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy
ring.
You demi-puppets, that
By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make,
Whereof the ewe not bites.
Shak.
2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair.
[Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved.
Milton.
Ring"man (?), n.; pl.
Ringmen (/). The ring
finger. [Obs.]
Ascham
Ring"mas`ter (?), n. One in
charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a
circus.
Ring"neck` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small
plovers of the genus \'92gialitis, having a ring
around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown
or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover (\'92.
semipalmata) and the piping plover (\'92.
meloda) are common North American species. Called also
ring plover, and ring-necked
plover.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The ring-necked
duck.
Ring"-necked` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a well defined ring of color
around the neck.
Ring-necked duck (Zool.), an
American scaup duck (Aythya collaris). The head, neck,
and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but
conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in
the female. Called also ring-neck,
ring-necked blackhead,
ringbill, tufted duck, and
black jack.
Ring"sail` (?), n.
(Naut.) See Ringtail,2.
Ring"straked` (?), a.
Ring-streaked.
Cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted.
Gen. xxx. 39.
Ring"-streaked` (?), a. Having
circular streaks or lines on the body; as,
ring-streaked goats.
Ring"tail` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A bird having a distinct band of color
across the tail, as the hen harrier.
2. (Naut.) A light sail set abaft and
beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also
ringsail.
Ringtail boom (Naut.), a spar which
is rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.
Ring"-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the tail crossed by conspicuous
bands of color.
Ring-tailed cat (Zo\'94l.), the
cacomixle. -- Ring-tailed eagle
(Zo\'94l.), a young golden eagle.
Ring"toss` (?), n. A game in
which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an
upright stick.
Ring"worm" (?), n. (Med.)
A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a
vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches
covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the
body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are
distinguished as Tinea circinata, Tinea
tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a
species of Trichophyton).<-- a fungal infection
-->
Rink (?), n. [Scot.
renk, rink, rynk, a course, a
race; probably fr. AS. hring a ring. See
Ring.] 1. The smooth and level
extent of ice marked off for the game of curling.
2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under
cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on
with roller skates, or a building with such a floor.
Rink"er, n. One who skates at a
rink. [Colloq.]
Rink"ing, n. Skating in a rink.
[Colloq.]
Rinse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rinsed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rinsing.]
[OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser,
reinser, ra\'8bncier, F. rincer;
of uncertain origin.] 1. To wash lightly; to
cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after
washing.
2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; --
applied especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a
bottle. \'bdLike a glass did break i' the
rinsing.\'b8
Shak.
Rinse, n. The act of rinsing.
Rins"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, rinses.
<-- p. 1244 -->
Ri"ot (?), n. [OF.
riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot,
ravot.] 1. Wanton or unrestrained
behavior; uproar; tumult.
His headstrong riot hath no curb.
Shak.
2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and
loose festivity; revelry.
Venus loveth riot and dispense.
Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day.
Pope.
3. (Law) The tumultuous disturbance of
the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons
in the execution of some private object.
To run riot, to act wantonly or without
restraint.
Ri"ot (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rioted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Rioting.] [OF.
rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.]
1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or
wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the
like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess.
Now he exact of all, wastes in delight,
Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law.
Daniel.
No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows.
Pope.
2. (Law) To disturb the peace; to raise
an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n., 3.
Johnson.
Ri"ot, v. t. To spend or pass in
riot.
[He] had rioted his life out.
Tennyson.
Ri"ot*er (?), n. 1.
One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer.
Chaucer.
2. (Law) One who engages in a riot. See
Riot, n., 3.
Ri"ot*ise (?), n. Excess;
tumult; revelry. [Obs.]
His life he led in lawless riotise.
Spenser.
Ri"ot*our (-, n. A
rioter. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ri"ot*ous (?), a. [OF.
rioteux.] 1. Involving, or
engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious.
The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and
there wasted his substance with riotous living.
Luke xv. 13.
2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly
or its acts; seditious.
-- Ri"ot*ous*ly, adv. --
Ri"ot*ous*ness, n.
Ri"ot*ry (?), n. The act or
practice of rioting; riot. \'bdElectioneering
riotry.\'b8
Walpole.
Rip (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to E.
corb. Cf. Ripier.] A wicker fish
basket.
Rip, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ripping.] [Cf. AS.
r, also Sw. repa to ripple flax,
D. repelen, G. reffen, riffeln,
and E. raff, raffle. Cf. Raff,
Ripple of flax.] 1. To divide or
separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open
or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a
garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of
a beast; to rip up a floor; -- commonly used with
up, open, off.
2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.
He 'll rip the fatal secret from her heart.
Granville.
3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for
alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; --
usually with up.
They ripped up all that had been done from the
beginning of the rebellion.
Clarendon.
For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out
in the ear of a common enemy . . . is neither wise nor
comely.
Milton.
4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or
fiber.
Ripping chisel (Carp.), a crooked
chisel for cleaning out mortises. Knight. --
Ripping iron. (Shipbuilding) Same as
Ravehook. -- Ripping saw.
(Carp.) See Ripsaw. -- To rip
out, to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as,
to rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See
To rap out, under Rap, v.
t.
Rip, n. 1. A rent made by
ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn;
laceration.
2. [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of
reprobate.] A term applied to a mean,
worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a
prostitute, or a worn-out horse. [Slang.]
3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of
opposing tides or currents.
Ri*pa"ri*an (?), a. [L.
riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See
River, and cf. Arrive.] Of or
pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian
rights.
Ri*pa"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
riparius.] Growing along the banks of
rivers; riparian.
Ripe (?), n. [L.
ripa.] The bank of a river.
[Obs.]
Ripe (?), a.
[Compar. Riper (?);
superl. Ripest.] [AS.
r\'c6pe; akin to OS. r\'c6pi, D.
rijp, G. rief, OHG. r\'c6ft; cf.
AS. r\'c6p harvest, r\'c6pan to reap. Cf.
Reap.] 1. Ready for reaping or
gathering; having attained perfection; mature; -- said of fruits,
seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain.
So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou
drop
Into thy mother's lap.
Milton.
2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use;
mellow; as, ripe cheese; ripe
wine.
3. Having attained its full development; mature;
perfected; consummate. \'bdRipe courage.\'b8
Chaucer.
He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one.
Shak.
4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; --
said of sores, tumors, etc.
5. Ready for action or effect; prepared.
While things were just ripe for a war.
Addison.
I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest
public bodies.
Burke.
6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and
plumpness.
Those happy smilets,
That played on her ripe lip.
Shak.
7. Intoxicated. [Obs.]
\'bdReeling ripe.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Mature; complete; finished. See
Mature.
Ripe, v. i. [AS.
r\'c6pian.] To ripen; to grow ripe.
[Obs.]
Ripe, v. t. To mature; to ripen.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ripe"ly, adv. Maturely; at the fit
time.
Shak.
Rip"en (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ripened
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Ripening.] 1. To grow ripe; to
become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as,
grapes ripen in the sun.
2. To approach or come to perfection.
Rip"en, v. t. 1. To cause to
mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the
corn.
2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to
perfection; as, to ripen the judgment.
When faith and love, which parted from thee never,
Had ripined thy iust soul to dwell with God.
Milton.
Ripe"ness (?), n. [AS.
r\'c6pness.] The state or quality of being
ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; as, the
ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood;
ripeness of judgment.
Time, which made them their fame outlive,
To Cowley scarce did ripeness give.
Denham.
Ri*pid"o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
///. ///. fan + -lite.]
(Min.) A translucent mineral of a green color and
micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous
silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also
clinochlore.
<-- sic. note use of "alumina", not "aluminia". Spelling must
have been changing about 1890 -->
Ri*pi*e"nist (?), n.
(Mus.) A player in the ripieno portion
of an orchestra. See Ripieno.
\'d8Ri*pi*e"no (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Filling up;
supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to those
instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an
orchestra, but are not obbligato.
{ Rip"ler (?), Rip"per
(?), } n. [Cf. Rip a
basket, or Riparian.] (O.E. Law)
One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland
towns. [Obs.]
But what's the action we are for now ?
Robbing a ripper of his fish.
Beau & Fl.
Ri*post" (?), n. [F.
riposte.] 1. In fencing, a return
thrust after a parry.
2. A quick and sharp refort; a repartee.
J. Morley.
Rip"per (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.
2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing
slates.
3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc.
[Slang.]
Rip"ple (?), n. [FRom
Rip, v.] An implement, with teeth
like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels
from flax, broom corn, etc.
Rip"ple, v. t. 1. To remove the
seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a
ripple.
2. Hence, to scratch or tear.
Holland.
Rip"ple, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rippled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rippling (?).] [Cf.
Rimple, Rumple.] 1. To
become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated
or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or
undulations, as a field of grain.
2. To make a sound as of water running gently over
a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.
Rip"ple, v. t. To fret or dimple, as the
surface of running water; to cover with small waves or
undulations; as, the breeze rippled the
lake.
Rip"ple, n. 1. The fretting or
dimpling of the surface, as of running water; little curling
waves.
2. A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is
made by little waves; as, a ripple of
laughter.
Ripple grass. (Bot.) See
Ribwort. -- Ripple marks, a system
of parallel ridges on sand, produced by wind, by the current of a
steam, or by the agitation of wind waves; also
(Geol.), a system of parallel ridges on the surface of
a sandstone stratum.
Rip"le-marked` (?), a.HAving
ripple marks.
Rip"plet (?), n. A small
ripple.
Rip"pling*ly (?), adv. In a
rippling manner.
Rip"ply (?), a. Having ripples;
as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound
of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a
ripply cove.
Keats.
Rip"rap` (?), n. [Cf.
Rap.] (Masonry) A foundation or
sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in
deep water or on a soft bottom.
Rip"rap`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Riprapped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Riprapping.] To form a riprap
in or upon.
Rip"saw` (?), [See Rip, v.
t., 4.] (Carp.) A handsaw with coarse
teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the
direction of the fiber; -- called also ripping
saw.
Rip"tow*el (?), n. [AS.
r\'c6p. harvest + a word of uncertain
etymology.] (Feud. Law) A gratuity given to
tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn.
[Obs.]
Ris (?), n. [AS.
hr\'c6s; akin to D. rils, G.
reis, OHG. hr\'c6s.] A bough or
branch; a twig. [Obs.]
As white as is the blossom upon the ris.
Chaucer.
Rise (?), v. i.
[imp. Rose (?); p.
p. Risen (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rising.] [AS. r\'c6san; akin
to OS. r\'c6san, D. rijzen, OHG.
r\'c6san to rise, fall, Icel. r\'c6sa,
Goth. urreisan, G. reise journey. CF.
Arise, Raise, Rear,
v.] 1. To move from a lower
position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: --
(a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any
other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air;
a fish rises to the bait.
(b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or
vapors in air, cork in water, and the like.
(c) To move upward under the influence of a
projecting force; as, a bullet rises in the
air.
(d) To grow upward; to attain a certain heght;
as, this elm rises to the height of seventy
feet.
(e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity
or bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the
mercury rises in the thermometer.
(f) To become erect; to assume an upright position;
as, to rise from a chair or from a fall.
(g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to
rise early.
He that would thrive, must rise by five.
Old Proverb.
(h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps
rise far above the sea.
(i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface
rises in this direction. \'bdA rising
ground.\'b8
Dryden.
(j) To retire; to give up a siege.
He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . . was
gone.
Knolles.
(k) To swell or puff up in the process of
fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like.
2. To have the aspect or the effect of
rising. Specifically: --
(a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon,
stars, and the like. \'bdHe maketh his sun to
rise on the evil and the good.\'b8
Matt. v. 45.
(b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to
come forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the
skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the
shore.
(c) To become perceptible to other senses than
sight; as, a noise rose on the air; odor
rises from the flower.
(d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate;
as, rivers rise in lakes or springs.
A scepter shall rise out of Israel.
Num. xxiv. 17.
Honor and shame from no condition rise.
Pope.
3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed
toward a climax. Specifically: --
(a) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind
or a storm, and hence, of passion. \'bdHigh winde . . .
began to rise, high passions -- anger, hate.\'b8
Milton.
(b) To become of higher value; to increase in
price.
Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the
ounce.
Locke.
(c) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil,
tumor, and the like.
(d) To increase in intensity; -- said of
heat.
(e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the
voice.
(f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his
expenses rose beyond his expectations.
4. In various figurative senses.
Specifically: --
(a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go
to war; to take up arms; to rebel.
At our heels all hell should rise
With blackest insurrection.
Milton.
No more shall nation against nation rise.
Pope.
(b) To attain to a better social position; to be
promoted; to excel; to succeed.
Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.
Shak.
(c) To become more and more dignified or forcible;
to increase in interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or
discourse; as, to rise in force of expression; to
rise in eloquence; a story rises in
interest.
(d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to
occur.
A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of
contemplative natures.
Spectator.
(e) To come; to offer itself.
There chanced to the prince's hand to rise
An ancient book.
Spenser.
5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life.
But now is Christ risen from the dead.
1. Cor. xv. 20.
6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn;
as, the committee rose after agreeing to the
report.
It was near nine . . . before the House rose.
Macaulay.
7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher
pith; as, to rise a tone or semitone.
8. (Print.) To be lifted, or to admit of
being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the
type; -- said of a form.
Syn. -- To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale.
-- Rise, Appreciate. Some in America use the
word appreciate for \'bdrise in value;\'b8 as, stocks
appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This
use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is
undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the
idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive meaning,
which ought not to be confused with one so entirely
different.
Rise (?), n. 1. The
act of rising, or the state of being risen.
2. The distance through which anything rises;
as, the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the
rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an
arch or of a step.
3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest;
as, the house stood on a rise of land.
[Colloq.]
4. Spring; source; origin; as, the
rise of a stream.
All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart.
R. Nelson.
5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the
rise of the sun or of a planet.
Shak.
6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price,
value, rank, property, fame, and the like.
The rise or fall that may happen in his constant
revenue by a Spanish war.
Sir W. Temple.
7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the
voice.
The ordinary rises and falls of the voice.
Bacon.
8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change
of key; as, a rise of a tone or semitone.
9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly)
near the surface of the water.
Ris"en (?). 1. p. p. &
a. from Rise. \'bdHer risen Son
and Lord.\'b8
Keble.
2. Obs. imp. pl. of Rise.
Chaucer.
Ris"er (?), n. 1. One
who rises; as, an early riser.
2. (Arch.) (a) The upright
piece of a step, from tread to tread. Hence: (b)
Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or
the like.
3. (Mining) A shaft excavated from below
upward.
4. (Founding) A feed head. See under
Feed, n.
Rish (?), n. A rush (the
plant). [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ris`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [CF. F.
risibilit\'82.] The quality of being
risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the human
species.
A strong and obvious disposition to risibility.
Sir W. Scott.
Ris"i*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L.
risibilis, fr. ridere, risum, to
laugh. Cf. Ridiculous.] 1. Having
the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh.
Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the definition
of man that he is risible.
Dr. H. More.
2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at;
amusing. \'bdRisible absurdities.\'b8
Johnson.
I hope you find nothing risible in my
complaisance.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as,
risible muscles.
Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in
the plural, for the feeling of amusement and for the muscles and
other organs used in laughing, collectively; as, unable to
control one's risibles.
Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous --
Risible, Ludicrous, Ridiculous.
Risible differs from ludicrous as
species from genus; ludicrous expressing that which is
playful and sportive; risible, that which may excite
laughter. Risible differs from ridiculous,
as the latter implies something contemptuous, and
risible does not.
<-- p. 1245 -->
--Ris"i*ble*ness(#), n.
-- Ris"i*bly, adv.
Ris"ing (?), a. 1.
Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward
direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the
rising moon.
2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction;
as, a rising state; a rising
character.
Among the rising theologians of Germany.
Hare.
3. Growing; advancing to adult years and to the
state of active life; as, the rising
generation.
Ris"ing, prep. More than; exceeding;
upwards of; as, a horse rising six years of
age. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]
Ris"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who, or that which, rises (in any sense).
2. That which rises; a tumor; a boil.
Lev. xiii. 10.
Rising main (Waterworks), the pipe
through which water from an engine is delivered to an elevated
reservoir.
Risk (?), n. [F.
risque; cf. It. risco, risico,
rischio, Pg. risco, Sp. riesgo,
and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all probably fr. L.
resceare to cut off; pref. re- re- +
secare to cut; -- the word having been probably first
used among sailors. See Section.] 1.
Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or
destruction.
The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a
risk which has shaken very strong nerves.
Macaulay.
2. (Com.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to
loss in property.
To run a risk, to incur hazard; to encounter
danger.
Syn. -- Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See
Danger.
Risk, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Risked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Risking.] [CF. F. risquer.
See Risk, n.] 1. To
expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to
risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's
person in battle; to risk one's fame by a
publication.
2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to
risk a battle.
Syn. -- To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.
Risk"er (?), n. One who risks
or hazards.
Hudibras.
Risk"ful (?), a. Risky.
[R.]
Geddes.
Risk"y (?), a. Attended with
risk or danger; hazardous. \'bdA risky
matter.\'b8
W. Collins.
Generalization are always risky.
Lowell.
Ri*so"ri*al (?), a.[L.
ridere, risum, to laugh.]
Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the
risorial muscles.
\'d8Ri*sot"to (?), n.
[It.] A kind of pottage.
Risse (?), obs.
imp. of Rise.
B. Jonson.
Ris"soid (?), n. [NL.
Rissoa, the typical genus ( fr. A.Risso, an
Italian naturalist) + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of very numerous species of
small spiral gastropods of the genus Rissoa, or family
Rissoid\'91, found both in fresh and salt water.
\'d8Ris`sole" (?), n. [F., fr.
rissoler to fry meat till it is brown.]
(Cookery) A small ball of rich minced meat or
fish, covered with pastry and fried.
Rist (?), obs. 3d pers.
sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from
riseth.
Chaucer.
Rit (?), obs. 3d pers.
ssing. pres. of Ride, contracted from
rideth.
Chaucer.
\'d8Ri`tar*dan"do (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Retarding; -- a direction
for slower time; rallentado.
Rite (?), n. [L.
ritus; cf. Skr. r\'c6ti a stream, a
running, way, manner, ri to flow: cf. F.
rit, rite. CF. Rivulet.]
The act of performing divine or solemn service, as
established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion
or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as,
the rites of freemasonry.
He looked with indifference on rites, names, and
forms of ecclesiastical polity.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.
\'d8Ri`te*nu"to (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Held back; holding back;
ritardando.
{ Rit`or*nelle" (?),
\'d8Ri`tor*nel"lo (?), } n.
[It. ritornello, dim. of ritorno
return, fr. ritornare to return: cf. F.
ritournelle.] (Mus.) (a)
A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an
air, often consisting of the burden of the song.
(a) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental
passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude.
\'d8Ri*trat"to (?),
n.[It.] A picture.
Sterne.
Rit"u*al (?), a.[L.
ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F.
rituel.] Of or pertaining to rites or
ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the
ritual law.
Rit"u*al, n. [Cf. F.
rituel.] 1. A prescribed form of
performing divine service in a particular church or communion;
as, the Jewish ritual.
2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an
organization; as, the ritual of the
freemasons.
3. A book containing the rites to be
observed.
Rit"u*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
ritualisme.] 1. A system founded
upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence
to, or observance of, a ritual.
2. Specifically :(a) The principles and
practices of those in the Church of England, who in the
development of the Oxford movement, so-called, have insisted upon
a return to the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments
(altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.) that were
sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, as they
maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally
disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) Also, the
principles and practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal
Church who sympathize with this party in the Church of
England.
Rit"u*al*ist (?), n. [CF. F.
ritualiste.] One skilled un, or attached
to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism.
Rit`u*al*is"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to
ritualism.
Rit"u*al*ly, adv. By rites, or by a
particular rite.
Riv"age (?), n. [F., fr. L.
ripa bank, shore.] 1. A bank,
shore, or coast. [Archaic]
Spenser.
From the green rivage many a fall
Of diamond rillets musical.
Tennyson.
2. (O.Eng.Law) A duty paid to the crown
for the passage of vessels on certain rivers.
Ri"val (?), n. [F.
rival (cf. It. rivale), L.
rivales two neigbors having the same brook in common,
rivals, fr. rivalis belonging to a brook, fr.
rivus a brook. Cf. Rivulet,
Rete.] 1. A person having a common
right or privilege with another; a partner.
[Obs.]
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus,
The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste.
Shak.
2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as
another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another
is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a
competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for
a crown.
Rivals, in the primary sense of the
word, are those who dwell on the banks of the same stream. But
since, as all experience shows, there is no such fruitful source
of coutention as a water right, it would continually happen that
these occupants of the opposite banks would be at strife with one
another in regard of the periods during which they severally had
a right to the use of the stream . . . And thus
'rivals' . . . came to be used of any who were on any
grounds in more or less unfriendly competition with one
another.\'b8
Trench.
Syn. -- Competitor; emulator; antagonist.
Ri"val, a. Having the same pretensions
or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as, rival
lovers; rival claims or pretensions.
The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two
rival confederacies of statesmen.
Macaulay.
Ri"val, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rivaled (?) or Rivalled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Rivaling or
Rivalling.] 1. To stand in
competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to;
as, to rival one in love.
2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate.
To rival thunder in its rapid course.
Dryden.
Ri"val, v. i. To be in rivalry.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ri"val*ess, n. A female rival.
[Obs.]
Richardson.
Ri*val"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rivalitas: cf. F. rivalit\'82.]
1. Rivalry; competition. [Obs.]
2. Equality, as of right or rank.
[Obs.]
hak.
Ri"val*ry (?), n.; pl.
Rivalries (/). The act of
rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition.
\'bdKeen contention and eager rivalries.\'b8
Jeffrey.
Syn. -- Emulation; competition. See
Emulation.
Ri"val*ship, n. Rivalry.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
Rive (?), v. t.
[imp. Rived (?); p.
p. Rived or Riven (/); p.
pr. & vb. n. Riving.] [Icel.
r\'c6fa, akin to Sw. rifva to pull asunder,
burst, tear, Dan. rive to rake, pluck, tear. Cf.
Reef of land, Rifle a gun, Rift,
Rivel.] To rend asunder by force; to split;
to cleave; as, to rive timber for rails or
shingles.
I shall ryve him through the sides twain.
Chaucer.
The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks.
Shak.
Brutus hath rived my heart.
Shak.
Rive, v. i. To be split or rent
asunder.
Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any
direction.
Woodward.
Rive, n. A place torn; a rent; a
rift. [Prov. Eng.]
Riv"el (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Riveled
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Riveling.] [AS. gerifled,
geriflod, gerifod, wrinkled,
geriflian, gerifian, to wrinkle. See
Rifle a gun, Rive.] To contract into
wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as, riveled fruit;
riveled flowers. [Obs.]
Pope. \'bdRiveled parchments.\'b8
Walpole.
Riv"el, n. A wrinkle; a rimple.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Riv"en (?), p. p. & a. from
Rive.
Riv"er (?), n. One who rives or
splits.
Riv"er (?), n. [F.
riv\'8are a river, LL. riparia river, bank
of a river, fr. L. riparius belonging to a bank or
shore, fr. ripa a bank or shore; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Arrive, Riparian.] 1. A
large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying
into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger
than a rivulet or brook.
Transparent and sparkling rivers, from which it is
delightful to drink as they flow.
Macaulay.
2. Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance;
as, rivers of blood; rivers of
oil.
River chub (Zo\'94l.), the
hornyhead and allied species of fresh-water fishes. --
River crab (Zo\'94l.), any species of
fresh-water crabs of the genus Thelphusa, as T.
depressa of Southern Europe. -- River
dragon, a crocodile; -- applied by Milton to the king
of Egypt. -- River driver, a lumberman who
drives or conducts logs down rivers. Bartlett. --
River duck (Zo\'94l.), any species of
duck belonging to Anas, Spatula, and allied
genera, in which the hind toe is destitute of a membranous lobe,
as in the mallard and pintail; -- opposed to sea
duck. -- River god, a deity supposed to
preside over a river as its tutelary divinity. -- River
herring (Zo\'94l.), an alewife. --
River hog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any
species of African wild hogs of the genus
Potamoch. They frequent wet places along the
rivers. (b) The capybara. -- River
horse (Zo\'94l.), the hippopotamus. --
River jack (Zo\'94l.), an African puff
adder (Clotho nasicornis) having a spine on the
nose. -- River limpet (Zo\'94l.),
a fresh-water, air-breathing mollusk of the genus
Ancylus, having a limpet-shaped shell. --
River pirate (Zo\'94l.), the pike.
-- River snail (Zo\'94l.), any species
of fresh-water gastropods of Paludina,
Melontho, and allied genera. See Pond
snail, under Pond. -- River
tortoise (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous
fresh-water tortoises inhabiting rivers, especially those of the
genus Trionyx and allied genera. See
Trionyx.
Riv"er (?), v. i. To hawk by
the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Riv"ered (?), a. Supplied with
rivers; as, a well rivered country.
Riv"er*et (?), n. A
rivulet. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Riv"er*hood (?), n. The quality
or state of being a river. \'bdUseful
riverhood.\'b8
H. Miller.
Riv"er*ling (?), n. A
rivulet. [R.]
Sylvester.
Riv"er*side` (?), n. The side
or bank of a river.
Riv"er*y (?), a. Having rivers;
as, a rivery country.
Drayton.
Riv"et (?), n. [F., fr.
river to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. rifa to
fasten together. Cf. Reef part of a sail.] A
metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or pieces
of material together, by passing it through them and then beating
or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and form a
second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends.
With busy hammers closing rivets up.
Shak.
Rivet joint, Riveted
joint, a joint between two or more pieces
secured by rivets.
Riv"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Riveted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Riveting.] 1. To fasten with a
rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of
iron.
2. To spread out the end or point of, as of a
metallic pin, rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form
a sort of head.
3. Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong,
or immovable; as, to rivet friendship or
affection.
Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye powers!
Congreve.
Thus his confidence was riveted and confirmed.
Sir W. Scott.
Riv"et*er (?), n. One who
rivets.
Riv"et*ing, n. 1. The act of
joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and clinching the
end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing.
2. The whole set of rivets, collectively.
Tomlinsin.
Butt riveting, riveting in which the ends or
edges of plates form a butt joint, and are fastened together by
being riveted to a narrow strip which covers the joint. --
Chain riveting, riveting in which the rivets, in
two or more rows along the seam, are set one behind the
other. -- Crossed riveting, riveting in which
the rivets in one row are set opposite the spaces between the
rivets in the next row. -- Double riveting,
in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along the seam; in butt
riveting, four rows, two on each side of the joint. --
Lap riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges
of plates overlap and are riveted together.
<-- riveting, adj. causing to be fixed or immobilized, usu.
figurative; as, riveting debate. -->
Ri*vose" (?), a. [From L.
rivus a brook, channel.] Marked with
sinuate and irregular furrows.
Riv"u*let (?), n. [Earlier
rivolet, It. rivoletto, a dim. fr.
rivolo, L. rivulus, dim. of
rivus a brook. CF. Rival,
Rite.] A small stream or brook; a
streamlet.
By fountain or by shady rivulet
He sought them.
Milton.
Rix*a"tion (?), n. [L.
rixari, p. p. rixatus, to brawl, fr.
rixa a quarrel.] A brawl or quarrel.
[Obs.]
\'d8Rix*a"trix (?), n.
[L.] (Old Eng. Law) A scolding or
quarrelsome woman; a scold.
Burrill.
\'d8Rix"da`ler (?), n. A Dutch
silver coin, worth about $1.00.
Rix"-dol`lar (?), n. [Sw.
riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or D.
rijksdaalder, or G. reichsthaler,
literally, dollar of the empire or realm, fr. words akin to E.
rich, and dollar. See Rich,
Dollar.] A name given to several different
silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying
in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth
about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See
Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and
Rixdaler.
Riz"zar (?), v. t. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To dry in the sun; as,
rizzared haddock. [Scot.]
Roach (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A cockroach.
Roach, n. [OE. rroche; cf.
AS. reohha, D. rog, roch, G.
roche, LG. ruche, Dan. rokke
ray, Sw. rocka, and E. ray a fish.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European
fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus
rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back.
(b) An American chub (Semotilus
bullaris); the fallfish. (c) The
redfin, or shiner.
2. (Naut.) A convex curve or arch cut in
the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better
fit.
As sound as a roach [roach perhaps
being a corruption of a F. roche a rock],
perfectly sound.
Roach, v. t. 1. To cause to
arch.
2. To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part
left shall stand upright.
Roach"-backed` (?), a. Having a
back like that of roach; -- said of a horse whose back a convex
instead of a concave curve.
Road (?), n. [AS.
r\'bed a riding, that on which one rides or travels, a
road, fr. r\'c6dan to ride. See Ride, and cf.
Raid.] 1. A journey, or stage of a
journey. [Obs.]
With easy roads he came to Leicester.
Shak.
2. An inroad; an invasion; a raid.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
3. A place where one may ride; an open way or
public passage for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for
travel, forming a means of communication between one city, town,
or place, and another.
The most villainous house in all the London
road.
Shak.
highway, street,
and lane.
4. [Possibly akin to Icel. rei\'ebi the
rigging of a ship, E. ready.] A place where
ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; a
roadstead; -- often in the plural; as, Hampton
Roads.
Shak.
<-- p. 1246 -->
Now strike your saile, ye jolly mariners,
For we be come unto a quiet rode [road].
Spenser.
On, Upon, the
road, traveling or passing over a road; coming
or going; on the way.
My hat and wig will soon be here,
They are upon the road.
Cowper.
-- Road agent, a highwayman, especially on the
stage routes of the unsettled western parts of the United States;
-- a humorous euphemism. [Western U.S.]
The highway robber -- road agent he is quaintly
called.
The century.
-- Road book, a quidebook in respect to roads and
distances. -- Road metal, the broken, stone
used in macadamizing roads. -- Road roller, a
heavy roller, or combinations of rollers, for making earth,
macadam, or concrete roads smooth and compact. -- often
driven by steam. -- Road runner (Zo\'94l.),
the chaparral cock. -- Road steamer, a
locomotive engine adapted to running on common roads. --
To go on the road, to engage in the business of a
commercial traveler. [Colloq.] -- To take
the road, to begin or engage in traveling. --
To take to the road, to engage in robbery upon the
highways.
Syn. -- Way; highway; street; lane; pathway; route; passage;
course. See Way.
Road"bed` (?), n. In railroads,
the bed or foundation on which the superstructure (ties, rails,
etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole material laid in place
and ready for travel.
Road"less, a. Destitute of roads.
Road"mak`er (?), n. One who
makes roads.
Road"side`, n. Land adjoining a road or
highway; the part of a road or highway that borders the traveled
part. Also used ajectively.
Road"stead (?), n.
[Road,4 + stead a
place.] An anchorage off shore. Same as Road,
4.
Moored in the neighboring roadstead.
Longfellow.
Road"ster (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) A clumsy vessel that works its way from
one anchorage to another by means of the tides.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
2. A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the
high road, or is suitable for use on ordinary roads.
A sound, swift, well-fed hunter and roadster.
Thackeray.
3. A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads
rather than for the racing track.
4. One who drives much; a coach driver.
[Eng.]
5. A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of
following the hounds across country. [Eng.
Slang.]
Road"way` (?), n. A road;
especially, the part traveled by carriages.
Shak.
Roam (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Roamed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Roaming.]
[OE. romen, ramen; cf. AS.
\'ber/man to raise, rise, D. ramen to
hit, plan, aim, OS. r/m/n to strive after, OHG.
r\'bemen. But the word was probably influenced by
Rome; cf. OF. romier a pilgrim, originally,
a pilgrim going to Rome, It. romeo, Sp.
romero. Cf. Ramble.] To go from
place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove;
to wander.
He roameth to the carpenter's house.
Chaucer.
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood.
Shak.
Syn. -- To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble.
Roam, v. t. To range or wander
over.
And now wild beasts came forth the woods to
roam.
Milton.
Roam, n. The act of roaming; a
wandering; a ramble; as, he began his roam o'er hill
amd dale.
Milton.
Roam"er (?), n. One who roams;
a wanderer.
Roan (?), a. [F.
rouan; cf. Sp. roano, ruano, It.
rovano, roano.] 1.
Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or
white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse.
Give my roan a drench.
Shak.
2. Made of the leather called roan; as,
roan binding.
Roan antelope (Zo\'94l.), a very
large South African antelope (Hippotragus equinus). It
has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also
mahnya, equine antelope,
and bastard gemsbok.
Roan, n. 1. The color of a roan
horse; a roan color.
2. A roan horse.
3. A kind of leather used for slippers,
bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and
colored to imitate ungrained morocco.
DeColange.
Roan tree. (Bot.) See Rowan
tree.
Roar (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Roared (?);
p. pr. & vvb. n. Roaring.]
[OE. roren, raren, AS.
r\'berian; akin to G. r\'94hten, OHG.
r/r/n. 1. To cry
with a full, loud, continued sound. Specifically:
(a) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion
or other beast.
Roaring bulls he would him make to tame.
Spenser.
(b) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or
anger.
Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief
Roared out for anguish, and indulged his grief.
Dryden.
He scorned to roar under the impressions of a
finite anger.
South.
2. To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves,
passing vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or
the like.
The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar.
Milton.
How oft I crossed where carts and coaches roar.
Gay.
3. To be boisterous; to be disorderly.
It was a mad, roaring time, full of
extravagance.
Bp. Burnet.
4. To laugh out loudly and continuously; as,
the hearers roared at his jokes.
5. To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses
having a certain disease. See Roaring, 2.
Roaring boy, a roaring, noisy fellow; -- name
given, at the latter end Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous
fellows who raised disturbances in the street. \'bdTwo
roaring boys of Rome, that made all split.\'b8 Beau
& Fl. -- Roaring forties (Naut.),
a sailor's name for the stormy tract of ocean between 40
Roar, v. t. To cry aloud; to proclaim
loudly.
This last action will roar thy infamy.
Ford.
Roar (?), n. The sound of
roaring. Specifically: (a) The deep, loud cry
of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion.
(b) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the
like. (c) A loud, continuous, and confused
sound; as, the roar of a cannon, of the wind, or the
waves; the roar of ocean.
Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening
roar!
Byron.
(d) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in
mirth.
Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant roar
of laughter.
Macaulay.
Roar"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, roars. Specifically: (a)
A riotous fellow; a roaring boy.
A lady to turn roarer, and break glasses.
Massinger.
(b) (Far.) A horse subject to
roaring. See Roaring, 2.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The barn owl.
[Prov.Eng.]
Roar"ing, n. 1. A loud, deep,
prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of a person in distress,
anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy congregation.
2. (Far.) An affection of the windpipe
of a horse, causing a loud, peculiar noise in breathing under
exertion; the making of the noise so caused. See Roar,
v. i., 5.
Roar"ing*ly, adv. In a roaring
manner.
Roast (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Roasted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Roasting.] [OE.
rosten, OF. rostir, F. r\'93tir;
of German origin; cf. OHG. r, G.
r\'94sten, fr. OHG. r,
r, gridiron, G. rost; cf. AS.
hyrstan to roast.] 1. To cook by
exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to roast
meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having
reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a close
oven.
2. To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes,
sand, etc.; as, to roast a potato in
ashes.
In eggs boiled and roasted there is scarce
difference to be discerned.
BAcon.
3. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to
roast coffee; to roast chestnuts, or
peanuts.
4. Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to
burn. \'bdRoasted in wrath and fire.\'b8
Shak.
5. (Metal.) To dissipate by heat the
volatile parts of, as ores.
6. To banter severely. [Colloq.]
Atterbury.
Roast, v. i. 1. To cook meat,
fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or in an oven.
He could roast, and seethe, and broil, and fry.
Chaucer.
2. To undergo the process of being roasted.
Roast, n. That which is roasted; a piece
of meat which has been roasted, or is suitable for being
roasted.
A fat swan loved he best of any roost [roast].
Chaucer.
To rule the roast, to be at the head of
affairs. \'bdThe new-made duke that rules the
roast.\'b8<-- = to rule the roost! -->
Shak.
Roast, a. [For
roasted.] Roasted; as, roast
beef.
Roast"er (?), n. 1.
One who roasts meat.
2. A contrivance for roasting.
3. A pig, or other article of food fit for
roasting.
Roast"ing, a. & n., from Roast,
v.
Roasting ear, an ear of Indian corn at that
stage of development when it is fit to be eaten roasted. --
Roasting jack, a machine for turning a spit on
which meat is roasted.
Rob (?), n. [F.; cf. Sp.
rob, It. rob, robbo, Pg.
robe, arrobe, Ar. rubb,
robb, Per. rub.] The inspissated
juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of the juice over a
fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It is sometimes
mixed with honey or sugar. [Written also
rhob, and rohob.]
Rob, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Robbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Robbing.] [OF. rober, of
German origin; cf. OHG. roub/n, G.
rauben, and OHG. roub robbing, booty, G.
raub. Reave,and cf.
Robe.] 1. To take (something) away
from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to
steal from.
Who would rob a hermit of his weeds,
His few books, or his beads, or maple dish?
Milton.
He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen,
Let him not know it, and he's not robbed at all.
Shak.
To be executed for robbing a church.
Shak.
2. (Law) To take the property of (any
one) from his person, or in his presence, feloniously, and
against his will, by violence or by putting him in fear.
3. To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or
injuriously; to defraud; as, to rob one of his rest,
or of his good name; a tree robs the plants near it of
sunlight.
I never robbed the soldiers of their pay.
Shak.
Rob, v. i. To take that which belongs to
another, without right or permission, esp. by violence.
I am accursed to rob in that thief's company.
Shak.
Rob"and (?), n. (Naut.)
See Roperand.
Rob"ber (?), n. One who robs;
in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person
of another by violence or by putting him in fear.
Some roving robber calling to his fellows.
Milton.
Syn. -- Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager;
rifler; brigang; freebooter; pirate. See Thief.
Robber crab. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A purse crab. (b) Any hermit crab. --
Robber fly. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Hornet fly, under Hornet. --
Robber gull (Zo\'94l.), a jager
gull.
Rob"ber*y (?), n.; pl.
Robberies (#). [OF.
roberie.] 1. The act or practice
of robbing; theft.
Thieves for their robbery have authority
When judges steal themselves.
Shak.
2. (Law) The crime of robbing. See
Rob, v. t., 2.
Robbery, in a strict sense, differs from
theft, as it is effected by force or intimidation,
whereas theft is committed by stealth, or
privately.
Syn. -- Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation;
despoilment; plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny; freebooting;
piracy.
Rob"bin (?), n. (Com.)
A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities
are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The
robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84
pounds.
Simmonds.
Rob"bin, n. (Naut.) See
Ropeband.
Robe (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
rauba a gown, dress, garment; originally, booty,
plunder. See Rob, v. t., and cf.
Rubbish.] 1. An outer garment; a
dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a
dress of state, rank, office, or the like.
Through tattered clothes small vices do appear;
Robes and furred gowns hide all.
Shak.
2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the
bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap.
[U.S.]
Master of the robes, an officer of the English
royal household (when the sovereign is a king) whose duty is
supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes. --
Mistress of the robes, a lady who enjoys the
highest rank of the ladies in the service of the English
sovereign (when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her
robes.
Robe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Robed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Robing.] To
invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields
robed with green.
The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared.
Pope.
Such was his power over the expression of his countenance,
that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter,
and robe it in the brightest smiles of spring.
Wirt.
\'d8Robe`-de-cham"bre (?), n.
[F., lit., a chamber gown.] A dressing gown, or
morning gown.
{ Rob"erds*man (?), Rob"erts*man
(?), } n.; pl. -men.
(/) (Old Statutes of Eng.) A
bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called from
Robin Hood.
Rob"ert (?), n. (Bot.)
See Herb Robert, under Herb.
Rob"in (?), n. [Properly a pet
name for Robert, originally meaning, famebright; F.,
fron OHG. Roudperht; ruod (in comp.; akin
to AS. hr// glory, fame, Goth.
hr/peigs victorius) + beraht bright. See
Bright, Hob a clown.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European singing
bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; --
called also robin redbreast,
robinet, and ruddock.
(b) An American singing bird (Merula
migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The
upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called
also robin redbreast, and migratory
thrush. (c) Any one of several
species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica,
Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the
scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica
mullticolor) (d) Any one of several
Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See
Indian robin, below.
Beach robin (Zo\'94l.), the robin
snipe, or knot. See Knot. -- Blue-throated
robin. (Zo\'94l.) See
Bluethroat. -- Canada robin
(Zo\'94l.), the cedar bird. -- Golden
robin (Zo\'94l.), the Baltimore oriole.
-- Ground robin (Zo\'94l.), the
chewink. -- Indian robin (Zo\'94l.),
any one of several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the
genera Thamnobia and Pratincola. They are
mostly black, usually with some white on the wings. --
Magrie robin (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic
singing bird (Corsycus saularis), having the back,
head, neck, and breast black glossed with blue, the wings black,
and the belly white. -- Ragged robin.
(Bot.) See under Ragged. --
Robin accentor (Zo\'94l.), a small
Asiatic singing bird (Accentor rubeculoides), somewhat
resembling the European robin. -- Robin
redbreast. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
European robin. (b) The American robin.
(c) The American bluebird. -- Robin
snipe. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher. (b) The
red-breasted sandpiper, or knot. -- Robin's
plantain. (Bot.) See under
Plantain. -- Sea robin.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species
of American gurnards of the genus Prionotus. They are
excellent food fishes. Called also wingfish.
The name is also applied to a European gurnard. (b)
The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local,
U.S.] -- Water robin
(Zo\'94l.), a redstart (Ruticulla
fuliginosa), native of India.
Rob"i*net (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The chaffinch; -- called
also roberd. (b) The
European robin.
2. A military engine formerly used for throwing
darts and stones.
Rob"ing (?), n. The act of
putting on a robe.
Robing room, a room where official robes are
put on, as by judges, etc.
Rob"in Good"fel`low (?). A celebrated
fairy; Puck. See Puck.
Shak.
\'d8Ro**bin"i*a (?), n. [NL. So
called after Jean Robin, a French herbalist.]
(Bot.) A genus of leguminous trees including the
common locust of North America (Robinia
Pseudocacia).
Rob"o*rant (?), a. [L.
roborans, p. pr. See Roborate.]
Strengthening. -- n.
(Med.) A strengthening medicine; a
tonic.
Rob"o*rate (?), v. t. [L.
roboratus, p. pr. of roborare to
strengthen, fr. robur, roboris,
strength.] To give strength or support to; to
confirm. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Rob`o*ra"tion (?), n. [LL.
roboratio.] The act of strengthening.
[Obs.]
Coles.
{ Ro*bo"re*an (?), Ro*bo"re*ous
(?), } a. [L.
roboreus.] Made of oak.
[Obs.]
Ro*bust" (?), a. [L.
robustus oaken, hard, strong, fr. robur
strength, a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. rabhas
violence: cf. F. robuste.] 1.
Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong;
sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust
body; robust youth; robust health.
<-- p. 1247 -->
2. Violent; rough; rude.
While romp-loving miss
Is hauled about in gallantry robust.
Thomson.
3. Requiring strength or vigor; as,
robust employment.
Locke.
Syn. -- Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale;
hearty; vigorous; forceful; sound. --
Robust, Strong. Robust means,
literally, made of oak, and hence implies great
compactness and toughness of muscle, connected with a thick-set
frame and great powers of endurance. Strong denotes
the power of exerting great physical force. The robust
man can bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on
through every kind of hardship; the strong man can
lift a great weight, can give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe.
\'bdRobust, tough sinews bred to toil.\'b8
Cowper.
Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong,
That nothing may sustain his furious force.
Spenser.
Ro*bus"tious (?), a. [Cf. L.
robusteus of oak.] Robust.
[Obs. or Humorous]
W. Irving.
In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more
robustious manner.
Milton.
-- Ro*bus"tious*ly, adv. --
Ro*bus"tious*ness, n.
Ro*bust"ly, adv. In a robust
manner.
Ro*bust"ness, n. The quality or state of
being robust.
Roc (?), n. [Ar. & Per.
rokh or rukh. Cf. Rook a
castle.] A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology.
[Written also rock, and
rukh.]
Brande & C.
Roc"am*bole (?), n. [F.]
[Written also rokambole.]
(Bot.) A name of Allium Scorodoprasum
and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of garlic, the latter of
which is also called shallot.
Roc*cel"lic (?), a. [F.
roccellique, fr. roccelle archil, It. & NL.
roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because
archil grows on rock.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in
archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens,
and extracted as a white crystalline substance
C17H32O4.
Roc*cel"lin (?), n. A red
dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil, etc. It
consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of
naphtol.
Roche (?), n. [See
Rock.] Rock. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Roche" al`um (?). (Chem.) A
kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from
Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been
obtained; -- also called rock alum.
Roche"lime` (?), n. [F.
roche rock + E. lime.] Lime in
the lump after it is burned; quicklime. [Eng.]
Ro*chelle" (?), n. A seaport
town in France.
Rochelle powders. Same as Seidlitz
powders. -- Rochelle salt
(Chem.), the double tartrate of sodium and
potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a cooling,
saline, slightly bitter taste and is employed as a mild
purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an apothecary of
Rochelle, and is called also Seignete's
salt.
\'d8Roche" mou`ton`n\'82e" (?). [F.,
sheep-shaped rock.] (Geol.) See
Sheepback.
Roch"et (?), n. [F., dim. fr.
OHG. rocch coat, G. rock.]
1. (Eccl.) A linen garment resembling
the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also without sleeves,
worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in
certain religious ceremonies.
They see no difference between an idler with a hat and
national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a
rochet.
Burke.
2. A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth
and fourteenth centuries. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Roch"et, n. [Probably corrupted fr. F.
rouget the red gurnet, from rouge red. CF.
Rouge.] (Zo\'94l.) The red
gurnard, or gurnet. See Gurnard.
Roch"ing cask` (?). [Probably from F.
roche a rock.] A tank in which alum is
crystallized from a solution.
Rock (?), n. See
Roc.
Rock, n. [OE. rocke; akin to
D. rok, rokken, G. rocken, OHG.
roccho, Dan. rok, Icel. rokkr.
Cf. Rocket a firework.] A distaff used in
spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and
from which the thread is drawn in spinning.
Chapman.
Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread
By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain,
That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid.
Spenser.
Rock, n. [OF. roke, F.
roche; cf. Armor. roc'h, and AS.
rocc.] 1. A large concreted mass
of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See
Stone.
Come one, come all! this rock shall fly
From its firm base as soon as I.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Geol.) Any natural deposit forming a
part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including
sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds.
3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a
defense; a support; a refuge.
The Lord is my rock, and my fortress.
2 Sam. xxii. 2.
4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck
resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The striped bass. See
under Bass.
rock-bound,
rock-built, rock-ribbed,
rock-roofed, and the like.
Rock alum. [Probably so called by confusion
with F. roche a rock.] Same as Roche
alum. -- Rock barnacle
(Zo\'94l.), a barnacle (Balanus
balanoides) very abundant on rocks washed by tides. --
Rock bass. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
stripped bass. See under Bass. (b) The
goggle-eye. (c) The cabrilla. Other species are
also locally called rock bass. -- Rock
builder (Zo\'94l.), any species of animal whose
remains contribute to the formation of rocks, especially the
corals and Foraminifera. -- Rock butter
(Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide of
iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring
in cavities and fissures in argillaceous slate. -- Rock
candy, a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure
sugar which are very hard, whence the name. -- Rock
cavy. (Zo\'94l.) See Moco. --
Rock cod (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
small, often reddish or brown, variety of the cod found about
rocks andledges. (b) A California
rockfish. -- Rock cook. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A European wrasse (Centrolabrus
exoletus). (b) A rockling. --
Rock cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus
the fibers of which are loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in
its texture. -- Rock crab (Zo\'94l.),
any one of several species of large crabs of the genus
Cancer, as the two species of the New England coast
(C. irroratus and C. borealis). See
Illust. under Cancer. -- Rock
cress (Bot.), a name of several plants of
the cress kind found on rocks, as Arabis petr\'91a,
A. lyrata, etc. -- Rock crystal
(Min.), limpid quartz. See Quartz, and
under Crystal. -- Rock dove
(Zo\'94l.), the rock pigeon; -- called also
rock doo. -- Rock drill,
an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp., a machine
impelled by steam or compressed air, for drilling holes for
blasting, etc. -- Rock duck
(Zo\'94l.), the harlequin duck. -- Rock
eel. (Zo\'94l.) See Gunnel. --
Rock goat (Zo\'94l.), a wild goat, or
ibex. -- Rock hopper (Zo\'94l.), a
penguin of the genus Catarractes. See under
Penguin. -- Rock kangaroo.
(Zo\'94l.) See Kangaroo, and
Petrogale. -- Rock lobster
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large
spinose lobsters of the genera Panulirus and
Palinurus. They have no large claws. Called also
spiny lobster, and sea
crayfish. -- Rock meal
(Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite
occuring as an efflorescence. -- Rock milk.
(Min.) See Agaric mineral, under
Agaric. -- Rock moss, a kind of
lichen; the cudbear. See Cudbear. -- Rock
oil. See Petroleum. -- Rock
parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), a small Australian
parrakeet (Euphema petrophila), which nests in holes
among the rocks of high cliffs. Its general color is yellowish
olive green; a frontal band and the outer edge of the wing quills
are deep blue, and the central tail feathers bluish green.
-- Rock pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the wild
pigeon (Columba livia) Of Europe and Asia, from which
the domestic pigeon was derived. See Illust. under
Pigeon. -- Rock pipit.
(Zo\'94l.) See the Note under Pipit.
-- Rock plover. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The black-bellied, or whistling, plover. (b)
The rock snipe. -- Rock ptarmigan
(Zo\'94l.), an arctic American ptarmigan
(Lagopus rupestris), which in winter is white, with
the tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish brown,
coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black patches on the
back. -- Rock rabbit (Zo\'94l.),
the hyrax. See Cony, and Daman. --
Rock ruby (Min.), a fine reddish
variety of garnet. -- Rock salt
(Min.), cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring
in rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from the
earth. In the United States this name is sometimes given to salt
in large crystals, formed by evaporation from sea water in large
basins or cavities. -- Rock seal
(Zo\'94l.), the harbor seal. See
Seal. -- Rock shell
(Zo\'94l.), any species of Murex, Purpura, and
allied genera. -- Rock snake
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several large pythons; as,
the royal rock snake (Python regia) of
Africa, and the rock snake of India (P.
molurus). The Australian rock snakes mostly belong to the
allied genus Morelia. -- Rock snipe
(Zo\'94l.), the purple sandpiper (Tringa
maritima); -- called also rock bird,
rock plover, winter
snipe. -- Rock soap (Min.),
a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy feel, and adhering to
the tongue. -- Rock sparrow.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species
of Old World sparrows of the genus Petronia, as
P. stulla, of Europe. (b) A North
American sparrow (Puc\'91a ruficeps). --
Rock tar, petroleum. -- Rock
thrush (Zo\'94l.), any Old World thrush of
the genus Monticola, or Petrocossyphus;
as, the European rock thrush (M.
saxatilis), and the blue rock thrush of India
(M. cyaneus), in which the male is blue
throughout. -- Rock tripe (Bot.),
a kind of lichen (Umbilicaria Dillenii) growing on
rocks in the northen parts of America, and forming broad, flat,
coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish expansions. It has been used
as food in cases of extremity. -- Rock trout
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus Hexagrammus, family
Chirad\'91, native of the North Pacific coasts; --
called also sea trout,
boregat, bodieron, and
starling. -- Rock warbler
(Zo\'94l.), a small Australian singing bird
(Origma rubricata) which frequents rocky ravines and
water courses; -- called also cataract
bird. -- Rock wren
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of wrens of
the genus Salpinctes, native of the arid plains of
Lower California and Mexico.
Rock (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rocked
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rocking.] [AS. roccian; akin
to Dan. rokke to move, to snake; cf. Icel.
rukkja to pull, move, G. r\'81cken to move,
push, pull.] 1. To cause to sway backward and
forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to
rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to
cause to reel or totter.
A rising earthquake rocked the ground.
Dryden.
2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep
by rocking; to still; to quiet. \'bdSleep rock
thy brain.\'b8
Shak.
Rock differs from shake, as
denoting a slower, less violent, and more uniform motion, or
larger movements. It differs from swing, which
expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.
Rock, v. i. 1. To move or be
moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to
totter.
The rocking town
Supplants their footsteps.
J. Philips .
2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a
support; as, to rock in a rocking-chair.
Rock"a*way (?), [Probably from
Rockaway beach, where it was used.]
Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing
top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which
could be let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat
similar, but heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front, and
having a door at each side.
{ Rock"e*lay (?), Rock"lay
(?) }, n. See
Rokelay. [Scot.]
Rock"er, n. 1. One who rocks;
specifically, one who rocks a cradle.
It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor,
some thirty years since, to attend on your highness in your
infancy.
Fuller.
2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on
which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks.
3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking
motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust
from gravel, etc., by agitation in water.
4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse.
5. A chair mounted on rockers; a
rocking-chair.
6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling
in shape the rocker of a cradle.
7. (Mach.) Same as Rock
shaft.
Rocker arm (Mach.), an arm borne by
a rock shaft.
<-- To be off one's rocker, to be insane. -->
Rock"ered (?), a. (Naut.)
Shaped like a rocker; curved; as, a rockered
keel.
Rock"er*y (?), n.
(Gardening) A mound formed of fragments of rock,
earth, etc., and set with plants.
Rock"et (?), n. [F.
roquette (cf. Sp. ruqueta, It
ruchetta), fr. L. eruca.]
(Bot.) (a) A cruciferous plant
(Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten in Europe as a
salad. (b) Damewort. (c)
Rocket larkspur. See below.
Dyer's Rocket. (Bot.) See
Dyer's broom, under Broom. --
Rocket larkspur (Bot.), an annual plant
with showy flowers in long racemes (Delphinium
Ajacis). -- Sea rocket (Bot.),
either of two fleshy cruciferous plants (Cakile
maritima and C. Americana) found on the seashore
of Europe and America. -- Yellow rocket
(Bot.), a common cruciferous weed with yellow
flowers (Barbarea vulgaris).
Rock"et (?), n. [It.
rocchetta, fr. rocca a distaff, of German
origin. Named from the resemblance in shape to a distaff. See
Rock a distaff.] 1. An artificial
firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal
filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter,
charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The
rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the
expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the
composition. Rockets are used as projectiles for various
purposes, for signals, and also for pyrotechnic display.
2. A blunt lance head used in the joust.
<-- any flying device propelled by the reactive force of hot
gases expelled in the direction opposite its motion. The fuel
used to generate the expelled gases in rockets may be solid or
liquid; rockets propelled by liquid fuels typically have a
combustible fuel (such as hydrogen or kerosene) which is combined
inside the rocket engine with an oxidizer, such as liquid oxygen.
Single liquid fuels (called monopropellants) are also known.
Since rockets do not depend on a surrounding fluid medium to
generate their thrust, as do airplanes with propellers or jet
engines, they may be used for propulsion in the vacuum of space.
-->
Congreve rocket, a powerful form of rocket for
use in war, invented by Sir William Congreve. It may be used
either in the field or for bombardment; in the former case, it is
armed with shells or case shot; in the latter, with a combustible
material inclosed in a metallic case, which is inextinguishable
when kindled, and scatters its fire on every side.
Rock"et, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rocketed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rocketing.] (Sporting) To
rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present
participle or as an adjective. [Eng.]
An old cock pheasant came rocketing over me.
H. R. Haggard.
Rock"et*er (?), n.
(Sporting) A bird, especially a pheasant, which,
being flushed, rises straight in the air like a rocket.
[Eng.]
Rock"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several
California scorp\'91noid food fishes of the genus
Sebastichthys, as the red rockfish
(S. ruber). They are among the most important of
California market fishes. Called also rock
cod, and garrupa. (b)
The striped bass. See Bass. (c)
Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers
of the genus Epinephelus. (d) An
American fresh-water darter; the log perch.
Rock"i*ness (?), n. [From
Rocky.] The state or quality of being
rocky.
Rock"ing, a. Having a swaying, rolling,
or back-and-forth movement; used for rocking.
Rocking shaft. (Mach.) See Rock
shaft.
Rock"ing-chair` (?), n. A chair
mounted on rockers, in which one may rock.
Rock"ing-horse` (?), n. The
figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, for children to
ride.
Rock"ing-stone` (?), n. A
stone, often of great size and weight, resting upon another
stone, and so exactly poised that it can be rocked, or slightly
moved, with but little force.
Rock"less, a. Being without rocks.
Dryden.
Rock"ling (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of small marine fishes of
the genera Onos and Rhinonemus (formerly
Motella), allied to the cod. They have three or four
barbels.
Rock"rose` (?), n. (Bot.)
A name given to any species of the genus
Helianthemum, low shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers,
especially the European H. vulgare and the American
frostweed, H. Canadense.
Cretan rockrose, a related shrub (Cistus
Creticus), one of the plants yielding the fragrant gum
called ladanum.
Rock" shaft` (?). [Cf. Rock,
v. i.] (Mach.) A shaft that
oscillates on its journals, instead of revolving, -- usually
carrying levers by means of which it receives and communicates
reciprocating motion, as in the valve gear of some steam engines;
-- called also rocker, rocking
shaft, and way shaft.
Rock" staff` (?). [Cf. Rock,
v. i.] An oscillating bar in a machine, as
the lever of the bellows of a forge.
Rock"suck`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.
Rock"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed rocks, especially
Fucus.
<-- p. 1248 -->
Rock"wood` (?), n. (Min.)
Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood.
Rock"work` (?), n. 1.
(Arch.) Stonework in which the surface is left
broken and rough.
2. (Gardening) A rockery.
Rock"y (?), a. 1. Full
of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; as, a
rocky mountain; a rocky shore.
2. Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a
shield.
Milton.
3. Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard;
unfeeling; obdurate; as, a rocky bosom.
Shak.
Rocky Mountain locust (Zo\'94l.),
the Western locust, or grasshopper. See
Grasshopper. -- Rocky Mountain sheep.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bighorn.
Ro"coa (?), n. [Cf. F.
rocou, roicou, Pg. & Braz,
uruc\'a3.] The orange-colored pulp covering
the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa Orellana, from
which annotto is prepared. See Annoto.
Ro*co"co (?), n. [F.; of
uncertain etymology.] A florid style of ornamentation
which prevailed in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth
century.
Ro*co"co, a. Of or pertaining to the
style called rococo; like rococo; florid; fantastic.
Rod (?), n. [The same word as
rood. See Rood.] 1. A
straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of
wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Specifically:
(a) An instrument of punishment or correction;
figuratively, chastisement.
He that spareth his rod hateth his son.
Prov. xiii. 24.
(b) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence,
figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression.
\'bdThe rod, and bird of peace.\'b8 Shak.
(c) A support for a fishing line; a fish
pole. Gay. (d) (Mach. &
Structure) A member used in tension, as for sustaining
a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for
transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar.
(e) An instrument for measuring.
2. A measure of length containing sixteen and a
half feet; -- called also perch, and
pole.
Black rod. See in the Vocabulary. --
Rods and cones (Anat.), the elongated
cells or elements of the sensory layer of the retina, some of
which are cylindrical, others somewhat conical.
Rod"dy (?), a. Full of rods or
twigs.
Rod"dy, a. Ruddy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rode (?), n. [See
Rud.] Redness; complexion.
[Obs.] \'bdHis rode was red.\'b8
Chaucer.
Rode, imp. of Ride.
Rode, n. See Rood, the
cross. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ro"dent (?), a. [L.
rodens, -entis, p. pr. of rodere
to gnaw. See Rase, v. t., and cf.
Rostrum.] 1. Gnawing; biting;
corroding; (Med.) applied to a destructive variety of
cancer or ulcer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Gnawing. (b) Of or pertaining to the
Rodentia.
Ro"dent, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Rodentia.
\'d8Ro*den"ti*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Rodent, a.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals having two (rarely
four) large incisor teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar
teeth. The rats, squirrels, rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong
to this order.
\'d8Ro*de"o (?), n. [SP., a
going round.] A round-up. See Round-up.
[Western U.S.]
Rodge (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The gadwall. [Prov.Eng.]
Rod"o*mel (?), n. [Gr.
/// rose + /// honey.] Juice of roses
mixed with honey.
Simmonds.
Rod"o*mont (?), n. [F.
rodomont, It. rodomonte, fr.
Rodomonte, Rodamonte, a boasting hero in
the \'bdOrlando Furioso\'b8 of Ariosto, and the \'bdOrlando
Innamorato\'b8 of Bojardo; properly, one who rolls away
mountains; Prov. It. rodare to roll away (fr. L.
rota a wheel) + It. monte a mountain, L.
mons. See Rotary, Mount,
n.] A vain or blustering boaster; a
braggart; a braggadocio.
Sir T. Herbert.
Rod"o*mont, a. Bragging; vainly
boasting.
Rod`o*mon*tade" (?), n. [F.,
fr. It. rodomontana. See Rodomont,
n.] Vain boasting; empty bluster or
vaunting; rant.
I could show that the rodomontades of Almanzor are
neither so irrational nor impossible.
Dryden.
Rod`o*mon*tade", v. i. To boast; to
brag; to bluster; to rant.
Rod`o*mon*tad"ist (?), n. One
who boasts.
Rod`o*mon*ta"do (?), n.
Rodomontade.
Rod`o*mon*ta"dor (?), n. A
rodomontadist.
Rods"man (?), n.; pl.
Rodsmen (/). One who carries and
holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a surveying party.
G. W. Cable.
Ro"dy (?), a. Ruddy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Roe (?), n. [OE. ro,
AS. r\'beh; akin to D. ree, G.
reh, Icel. r\'be, SW.
r\'86.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A roebuck. See Roebuck. (b) The
female of any species of deer.
Roe, n. [For roan, OE.
rowne, akin to G. rogen, OHG.
rogan, Icel. hrogn, Dan. rogn,
ravn, Sw. rom; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr.
/// pebble, Skr. /arkar\'be gravel.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The ova or spawn of fishes
and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian
membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the
testes of the male.
2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood,
especially in mahogany.
Roe"buck` (?), n. [1st
roe + buck.] (Zo\'94l.)
A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus
capr\'91a) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers,
forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very
nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or
high grounds.
Roed (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)
Filled with roe.
Roe"deer` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The roebuck.
Roe"stone` (?), n. (Min.)
Same as O\'94lite.
Ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
rogatio, fr. rogare, rogatum, to
ask, beg, supplicate: cf. F. rogation. Cf.
Abrogate, Arrogant, Probogue.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) The demand, by the
consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people; a
proposed law or decree.
2. (Eccl.) Litany; supplication.
He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in
use.
Hooker.
Rogation days (Eccl.), the three
days which immediately precede Ascension Day; -- so
called as being days on which the people, walking in procession,
sang litanies of special supplication. -- Rogation
flower (Bot.), a European species of
milkwort (Polygala vulgaris); -- so called from its
former use for garlands in Rogation week. Dr.
Prior. -- Rogation week, the second week
before Whitsunday, in which the Rogation days occur.
Rog"a*to*ry (?), a. [See
Rogation.] Seeking information; authorized to
examine witnesses or ascertain facts; as, a rogatory
commission.
Woolsey.
Rogue (?), n. [F.
rogue proud, haughty, supercilious; cf. Icel.
hr/kr a rook, croaker (cf. Rook a bird), or
Armor. rok, rog, proud, arogant.]
1. (Eng.Law) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy
beggar; a vagabond; a tramp.
rogues and vagabonds is
applied to a large class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute
persons. They were formerly punished by being whipped and having
the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron.
2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a
cheat.
The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise.
Pope.
3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome;
hence, often used as a term of endearment.
Ah, you sweet little rogue, you!
Shak.
4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and
roams about alone, in which state it is very savage.
5. (Hort.) A worthless plant occuring
among seedlings of some choice variety.
Rogues' gallery, a collection of portraits of
rogues or criminals, for the use of the police authorities.
-- Rogue's march, derisive music performed in
driving away a person under popular indignation or official
sentence, as when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment. --
Rogue's yarn, yarn of a different twist and color
from the rest, inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to
identify it if stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in
case of defect. Different makers are required to use yarns of
different colors.
Rogue, v. i. To wander; to play the
vagabond; to play knavish tricks. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rogue, v. t. 1. To give the
name or designation of rogue to; to decry.
[Obs.]
Cudworth.
2. (Hort.) To destroy (plants that do
not come up to a required standard).
Rogu"er*y (?), n. 1.
The life of a vargant. [Obs.]
2. The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks;
cheating; fraud; dishonest practices.
'Tis no scandal grown,
For debt and roguery to quit the town.
Dryden.
3. Arch tricks; mischievousness.
Rogue"ship (?), n. The quality
or state of being a rogue. [Jocose] \'bdYour
rogueship.\'b8
Dryden.
Rogu"ish, a. 1. Vagrant.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
His roguish madness
Allows itself to anything.
Shak.
2. Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue;
knavish.
3. Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch.
The most bewitching leer with her eyes, the most
roguish cast.
Dryden.
-- Rogu"ish*ly, adv. --
Rogu"ish*ness, n.
Rogu"y (?), a. Roguish.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Ro"hob (?), n. An inspissated
juice. See Rob.
Roi"al (?), a. Royal.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Roil (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Roiled; p. pr.
& vb. n. Roiling.] [Cf. OE.
roilen to wander; possibly fr. OF. roeler
to roll, equiv. to F. rouler. See Roll,
v., and cf. Rile.] 1. To
render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to
roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or bottles; to
roil a spring.
2. To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper
of; to rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex.
That his friends should believe it, was what roiled
him [Judge Jeffreys] exceedingly.
R. North.
rile.
Roil, v. i. 1. To wander; to
roam. [Obs.]
2. To romp. [Prov.Eng.]
Halliwell.
Roil"y (?), a. Turbid; as,
roily water.
Roin (?), v. t. See
Royne. [Obs.]
Roin, n. [F. rogne. See
Roynish.] A scab; a scurf, or scurfy
spot. [Obs.]
Roin"ish, a. See Roynish.
[Obs.]
Roint (?), interj. See
Aroint.
Roist (?), v. i. See
Roister.
Roist"er (?), v. i. [Probably
fr. F. rustre boor, a clown, clownish, fr. L.
rustucus rustic. See Rustic.] To
bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or
turbulent.
I have a roisting challenge sent amongst
The dull and factious nobles of the Greeks.
Shak.
Roist"er (?), n. See
Roisterer.
Roist"er*er (?), n. A
blustering, turbulent fellow.
If two roisterers met, they cocked their hats in
each other faces.
Macaulay.
Roist"er*ly, a. Blustering;
violent. [R.]
Roist"er*ly, adv. In a roistering
manner. [R.]
Rok"am*bole (?), n. See
Rocambole.
Roke (?), n. [See
Reek.] 1. Mist; smoke; damp
[Prov.Eng.] [Written also roak,
rook, and rouk.]
2. A vein of ore. [Pov.Eng.]
Halliwell.
{ Roke"age (?), Rok"ee
(?), } n. [Cf.
Nocake.] Parched Indian corn, pounded up and
mixed with sugar; -- called also
yokeage. [Local, U.S.]
Rok"e*lay (?), n. [Cf.
Roquelaure.] A short cloak.
[Written also rockelay, rocklay,
etc.] [Scot.]
Rok"y (?), a. [See
Roke.] Misty; foggy; cloudy.
[Prov. Eng.]
Ray.
R\'93le (?), n. [F. See
Roll.] A part, or character, performed by an
actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by
any one; as, he has now taken the r\'93le of
philanthropist.
Title r\'93le, the part, or character, which
gives the title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of
that name.
Roll (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rolled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rolling.]
[OF. roeler, roler, F.
rouler, LL. rotulare, fr. L.
royulus, rotula, a little wheel, dim. of
rota wheel; akin to G. rad, and to Skr.
ratha car, chariot. Cf. Control,
Roll, n., Rotary.] 1.
To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by
turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and
over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a
ball, or a barrel.
2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a
spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over;
as, to roll a sheet of paper; to roll
parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball.
3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage;
to inwrap; -- often with up; as, to roll
up a parcel.
4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion,
as of rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the
ocean.
The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over
Europe.
J. A. Symonds.
5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to
utter with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or
out; as, to roll forth some one's
praises; to roll out sentences.
Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies.
Tennyson.
6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or
form with a roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a
field; to roll paste; to roll steel rails,
etc.
7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means
of, rollers or small wheels.
8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a
drum; to sound a roll upon.
9. (Geom.) To apply (one line or
surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of
(one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in
suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in
contact are equal.
10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve.
Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down
The beauty of these florins new and bright.
Chaucer.
<-- 11. To rob, usu. a person unable to resist, as an
unconscious, drunk, or sleeping person, by removing valuables on
his person; as, to roll a drunk. -->
To roll one's self, to wallow. -- To
roll the eye, to direct its axis hither and thither in
quick succession. -- To roll one's r's, to
utter the letter r with a trill.
[Colloq.]
Roll, v. i. 1. To move, as a
curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding;
to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as, a ball or
wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an
inclined plane.
And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which
rolls, and rolls, and rolls.
Shak.
2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage
rolls along the street. \'bdThe
rolling chair.\'b8
Dryden.
3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball;
as, the cloth rolls unevenly; the snow
rolls well.
4. To fall or tumble; -- with over;
as, a stream rolls over a precipice.
5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move
onward as with a revolution; as, the rolling year;
ages roll away.
6. To turn; to move circularly.
And his red eyeballs roll with living fire.
Dryden.
7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate
swell and depression.
What different sorrows did within thee roll.
Prior.
8. To incline first to one side, then to the other;
to rock; as, there is a great difference in ships about
rolling; in a general semse, to be tossed
about.
Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled.
Pope.
9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying
down; to wallow; as, a horse rolls.
10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin;
as, the paste rolls well.
11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they
can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.
12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as,
the thunder rolls.
To roll about, to gad abroad.
[Obs.]
Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about.
Chaucer.
Roll, n. [F. r\'93le a roll
(in sense 3), fr. L. rotulus / little wheel, LL., a
roll, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll,
v., and cf. R\'93le, Rouleau,
Roulette.] 1. The act of rolling, or
state of being rolled; as, the roll of a ball; the
roll of waves.
2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically:
(a) A heavy cylinder used to break clods.
Mortimer. (b) One of a set of revolving
cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or
smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the
rolls.
3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll
of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. Specifically:
(a) A document written on a piece of parchment,
paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.
Busy angels spread
The lasting roll, recording what we say.
Prior.
<-- p. 1249 -->
(b) Hence, an official or public document; a
register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list.
The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the
petitions, answers, and transactions in Parliament, are
extant.
Sir M. Hale.
The roll and list of that army doth remain.
Sir J. Davies.
(c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical
form; as, a roll of carpeting; a roll of
ribbon. (d) A cylindrical twist of
tobacco.
4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread,
often rolled or doubled upon itself.
5. (Naut.) The oscillating movement of a
vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the
alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called
pitching.
6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the
roll of cannon, or of thunder.
7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so
rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.
8. Part; office; duty; r\'93le.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Long roll (Mil.), a prolonged roll
of the drums, as the signal of an attack by the enemy, and for
the troops to arrange themselves in line. -- Master of
the rolls. See under Master. -- Roll
call, the act, or the time, of calling over a list
names, as among soldiers. -- Rolls of
court, of parliament (or of any public
body), the parchments or rolls on which the acts and
proceedings of that body are engrossed by the proper officer, and
which constitute the records of such public body. -- To
call the roll, to call off or recite a list or roll of
names of persons belonging to an organization, in order to
ascertain who are present or to obtain responses from those
present.
Syn. -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See
List.
Roll"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being rolled.
Roll"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes
grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the
arts.
2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad
bandage used in surgery.
3. (Naut.) One of series of long, heavy
waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm
weather.
4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a
rolling cylinder; -- called also roller
towel.
5. (Print.) A cylinder coated with a
composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which
forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from
them.
W. Savage.
6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up;
as, the roller of a man.
7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate,
etc.
8. (Zo\'94l.) ANy insect whose larva
rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix.
9. [CF. F. rollier.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Old
World picarian birds of the family Coraciad\'91. The
name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or
\'bdtumbling\'b8 in flight.
Coracias garrula) has the
head, neck, and under parts light blue varied with green, the
scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail blue, green, and black.
The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa belong to the genus
Eurystomus, as the oriental roller (E.
orientalis), and the Australian roller, or dollar bird
(E. Pacificus). The latter is dark brown on the head
and neck, sea green on the back, and bright blue on the throat,
base of the tail, and parts of the wings. It has a silvery-white
spot on the middle of each wing.
10. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of small
ground snakes of the family Tortricid\'91.
Ground roller (Zo\'94l.), any one
of several species of Madagascar rollers belonging to
Atelornis and allied genera. They are nocturnal birds,
and feed on the ground. -- Roller bolt, the
bar in a carriage to which the traces are attached; a
whiffletree. [Eng.] -- Roller
gin, a cotton gin inn which rolls are used for
separating the seeds from the fiber. -- Roller
mill. See under Mill. -- Roller
skate, a skate which has small wheels in the place of
the metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating upon a
smooth, hard surface, other than ice.<-- roller blades,
a type of roller skate -->
Rol"ey (?), n. [Probably fr.
roll.] A small wagon used for the
underground work of a mine.
Tomlison.
Rol"lic (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rollicked /;
p. pr. & vb. n. Rollicking.]
[Corrupt. fr. frolic, under the influence of
roll.] To move or play in a careless,
swaggering manner, with a frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport;
commonly in the form rollicking.
[Colloq.]
He described his friends as rollicking blades.
T. Hook.
Roll"ing (?), a. 1.
Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation;
turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a
rolling wheel or ball.
2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels
or rollers; as, a rolling chair.
3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface;
as, a rolling country; rolling
land. [U.S.]
Rolling bridge. See the Note under
Drawbridge. -- Rolling circle of a paddle
wheel, the circle described by the point whose velocity
equals the velocity of the ship. J. Bourne. --
Rolling fire (Mil.), a discharge of
firearms by soldiers in line, in quick succession, and in the
order in which they stand. -- Rolling friction,
that resistance to motion experienced by one body rolling
upon another which arises from the roughness or other quality of
the surfaces in contact. -- Rolling mill, a
mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which heated metal is
passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc. -- Rolling
press. (a) A machine for calendering cloth by
pressure between revolving rollers. (b) A
printing press with a roller, used in copperplate printing.
-- Rolling stock, Rolling
plant, the locomotives and vehicles of a
railway. -- Rolling tackle (Naut.),
tackle used to steady the yards when the ship rolls heavily.
R. H. Dana, Jr.
Roll"ing-pin` (?), n. A
cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which paste or
dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper thickness.
Roll"way` (?), n. A place
prepared for rolling logs into a stream.
Roll"y-po`ly (?), n. A kind of
pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled into a
cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed. --
a. Shaped like a rolly-poly; short and
stout. [Written also
roly-poly.]
Roll"y-pool`y (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A game in which a ball, rolling into a
certain place, wins. [Written also
rouly-pouly.]
Ro"ly-po`ly (?), n. & a.
Rolly-poly.
Rom"age (?), n. & v. See
Rummage. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ro*ma"ic (?), a. [NGr.
////: cf. F. roma\'8bque. See
Roman.] Of or relating to modern Greece, and
especially to its language. -- n. The
modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks
Hellenic or
Neo-Hellenic.
"Romai^oi, or
Romans . . . Hence the term Romaic was the name given
to the popular language. . . . The Greek language is now spoken
of as the Hellenic language.
Encyc. Brit.
Ro"man (?), a. [L.
Romanus, fr. Roma Rome: cf. F.
romain. Cf. Romaic, Romance,
Romantic.] 1. Of or pertaining to
Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the
Roman people, or things done by Romans; as, Roman
fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman
art.
2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion;
professing that religion.
3. (Print.) (a) Upright; erect;
-- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as
distinguished from Italic characters.
(b) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I.,
IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from
the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc.
Roman alum (Chem.), a cubical
potassium alum formerly obtained in large quantities from Italian
alunite, and highly valued by dyers on account of its freedom
from iron. -- Roman balance, a form of
balance nearly resembling the modern steelyard. See the Note
under Balance, n., 1. -- Roman
candle, a kind of firework (generally held in the
hand), characterized by the continued emission of shower of
sparks, and the ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or
stars of fire which are thrown upward as they become
ignited. -- Roman Catholic, of, pertaining
to, or the religion of that church of which the pope is the
spiritual head; as, a Roman Catholic priest; the
Roman Catholic Church. -- Roman
cement, a cement having the property of hardening under
water; a species of hydraulic cement. -- Roman
law. See under Law. -- Roman
nose, a nose somewhat aquiline. -- Roman
ocher, a deep, rich orange color, transparent and
durable, used by artists. Ure. -- Roman
order (Arch.), the composite order. See
Composite, a., 2.
Ro"man, n. 1. A native, or
permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom
certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were
conferred.
2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; --
in distinction from Italics.
Ro*mance" (?), n. [OE.
romance, romant, romaunt, OF.
romanz, romans, romant,
roman, F. roman, romance, fr.
LL. Romanice in the Roman language, in the vulgar
tongue, i. e., in the vulgar language which sprang from
Latin, the language of the Romans, and hence applied to
fictitious compositions written in this vulgar tongue; fr. L.
Romanicus Roman, fr. Romanus. See
Roman, and cf. Romanic, Romaunt,
Romansch, Romanza.] 1. A
species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in
the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales
of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any
fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one
which treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or
a heroine; a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the
like. \'bdRomances that been royal.\'b8
Chaucer.
Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and religion
-- repose the fictions of the Middle Ages, especially those known
as romances. These, such as we now know them, and such
as display the characteristics above mentioned, were originally
metrical, and chiefly written by nations of the north of
France.
Hallam.
2. An adventure, or series of extraordinary events,
resembling those narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or
his life, was a romance.
3. A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a
disposition to ignore what is real; as, a girl full of
romance.
4. The languages, or rather the several dialects,
which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have
now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the
Romanic languages).
5. (Mus.) A short lyric tale set to
music; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style; a
romanza.
<-- 6. A love affair, esp. one in which the lovers display their
deep affection openly, by romantic gestures. -->
Syn. -- Fable; novel; fiction; tale.
Ro*mance", a. Of or pertaining to the
language or dialects known as Romance.
Ro*mance", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Romanced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Romancing (?).] To
write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories.
A very brave officer, but apt to romance.
Walpole.
Ro*man"cer (?), n. One who
romances.
Ro*man"cist (?), n. A
romancer. [R.]
Ro*man"cy (?), a.
Romantic. [R.]
Ro`man*esque" (?), a. [F.
romanesque; cf. It. romanesco.]
1. (Arch.) Somewhat resembling the
Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later
Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture
prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.
2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable;
fanciful.
Romanesque style (Arch.), that
which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman
architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term is
loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the
fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic
architecture.
Ro`man*esque", n. Romanesque
style.
Ro*man"ic (?), a. [L.
Romanicus. See Romance, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to Rome or its people.
2. Of or pertaining to any or all of the various
languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old
Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.
3. Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said
especially of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic
tongues.
Romanic spelling, spelling by means of the
letters of the Roman alphabet, as in English; -- contrasted with
phonetic spelling.
Ro"man*ish (?), a. Pertaining
to Romanism.
Ro"man*ism (?), n. The tenets
of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion.
Ro"man*ist, n. One who adheres to
Romanism.
Ro"man*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Romanized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Romanizing
(?).] 1. To Latinize; to fill
with Latin words or idioms. [R.]
Dryden.
2. To convert to the Roman Catholic religion.
Ro"man*ize, v. i. 1. To use
Latin words and idioms. \'bdApishly
Romanizing.\'b8
Milton.
2. To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs,
or modes of speech.
Ro"man*i`zer (?), n. One who
Romanizes.
Ro*mansch" (?), n. [Grisons
rumansch, rumonsch, romonsch.
See Romance.] The language of the Grisons in
Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. [Written
also Romansch, and Rumonsch.]
Ro*mant" (?), n. A
romaunt. [Obs.]
Ro*man"tic (?), a. [F.
romantique, fr. OF. romant. See
Romance.] 1. Of or pertaining to
romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful;
marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale;
a romantic notion; a romantic
undertaking.
Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious,
more absurd, and undeed romantic, than such a
persuasion?
South.
Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have
represented as chimerical and romantic.
Addison.
2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a
romance; as, a romantic person; a romantic
mind.
3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian
and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the
classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that
style; as, the romantic school of poets.
4. Characterized by strangeness or variety;
suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; --
applied to scenery; as, a romantic
landscape.
Syn. -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious;
extravagant; wild; chimerical. See Sentimental.
The romantic drama. See under
Drama.
Ro*man"tic*al (?), a.
Romantic.
Ro*man"tic*al*y, adv. In a romantic
manner.
Ro*man"ti*cism (?), n. [CF. It.
romanticismo, F. romantisme,
romanticisme.] A fondness for romantic
characteristics or peculiarities; specifically, in modern
literature, an aiming at romantic effects; -- applied to the
productions of a school of writers who sought to revive certain
medi/val forms and methods in opposition to the so-called
classical style.
He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from
pseudo-classicism in poetry, and to have been thus unconsciously
the founder of romanticism.
Lowell.
Ro*man"ti*cist (?), n. One who
advocates romanticism in modern literature.
J. R. Seeley.
Ro*man"tic*ly (?), adv.
Romantically. [R.]
Strype.
Ro*man"tic*ness (?), n. The
state or quality of being romantic; widness; fancifulness.
Richardson.
Rom"a*ny (?), n. [Gypsy
romano, romani, adj., gypsy; cf.
rom husband.] 1. A gypsy.
2. The language spoken among themselves by the
gypsies. [Written also Rommany.]
\'d8Ro*man"za (?), n.
[It.] See Romance,5.
Ro*maunt" (?), n. [See
Romance.] A romantic story in verse; as,
the \'bdRomaunt of the Rose.\'b8
O, hearken, loving hearts and bold,
Unto my wild romaunt.
Mrs. Browning.
Rom"ble (?), v.& n.
Rumble. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rom*bow"line (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Naut.) Old, condemned canvas,
rope, etc., unfit for use except in chafing gear.
[Written also rumbowline.]
{ Ro"me*ine (?), Ro"me*ite
(?), } n. [F.
rom\'82ine. So calledafter the French mineralogist
Rom\'82 L'Isle.] (Min.) A
mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in square
octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium.
Rome"kin (?), n. [CF.
Rummer.] A drinking cup.
[Written also romkin.]
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
{ Rome" pen`ny (?), Rome"
scot` (?) }. See Peter
pence, under Peter.
Rome"ward (?), adv. Toward
Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.
Rome"ward, a. Tending or directed toward
Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.
To analyze the crisis in its Anglican rather than in its
Romeward aspect.
Gladstone.
Rom"ic (?), n. A method of
notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr. Sweet; -- so
called because it is based on the common Roman-letter
alphabet. It is like the pal\'91otype of Mr. Ellis in the general
plan, but simpler.
Rom"ish (?), a. Belonging or
relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church; -- frequently
used in a disparaging sense; as, the Romish church;
the Romish religion, ritual, or
ceremonies.
Rom"ist, n. A Roman Catholic.
[R.]
South.
Romp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Romped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Romping.] [A
variant of ramp. See Ramp to leap,
Rampallian.] To play rudely and boisterously;
to leap and frisk about in play.
Romp, n. 1. A girl who indulges
in boisterous play.
<-- p. 1250 -->
2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough
sport.
While romp-loving miss
Is hauled about in gallantry robust.
Thomson.
Romp"ing (?), a. Inclined to
romp; indulging in romps.
A little romping girl from boarding school.
W. Irving.
Romp"ing*ly, adv. In a romping
manner.
Romp"ish, a. Given to rude play;
inclined to romp.
--- Romp"ish, adv. --
Romp"ish*ness, n.
Rom"pu (?), a. [F.
rompu, p. p. of rompre to breeak, L.
rumpere. See Rupture.]
(Her.) Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken
at the top, as a chevron, a bend, or the like.
Ron`ca*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a
snorer, fr. roncar to snore. So called in allusion to
the grunting noise made by them on being taken from the water.
] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
California sci\'91noid food fishes, especially Roncador
Stearnsi, which is an excellent market fish, and the red
roncador (Corvina, ).
Ron"chil (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
ronquillo slightly hoarse.]
(Zo\'94l.) An American marine food fish
(Bathymaster signatus) of the North Pacific coast,
allied to the tilefish. [Written also
ronquil.]
Ron"co (?), n. [Sp.
ronco hoarse.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Croaker, n., 2. (a).
[Texas]
\'d8Ron`dache" (?), n.
[F.] (Anc. Armor.) A circular shield
carried by foot soldiers.
\'d8Ronde (?), n. [F.]
(Print.) A kind of script in which the heavy
strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken
together a round look.
Ron*deau" (?), n. [F. See
Roundel.] [Written also
rondo.] 1. A species of lyric
poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or repetition which
recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited number of rhymes
recurring also by rule.
rondeau was called the
rondel it was mostly written in fourteen octosyllabic
lines of two rhymes, as in the rondels of Charles
d'Orleans. . . . In the 17th century the approved form of the
rondeau was a structure of thirteen verses with a
refrain.
Encyc. Brit.
2. (Mus.) See
Rondo,1.
Ron"del (?), n. [Cf.
Rondeau, Roundel.] 1.
(Fort.) A small round tower erected at the foot
of a bastion. [Obs.]
2. [F.] (a) Same as
Rondeau. (b) Specifically, a
particular form of rondeau containing fourteen lines in two
rhymes, the refrain being a repetition of the first and second
lines as the seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth and
fourteenth.
E. W. Gosse.
\'d8Ron`de*le"ti*a (?), n. [NL.
So named after William Rondelet, a French
naturalist.] (Bot.) A tropical genus of
rubiaceous shrubs which often have brilliant flowers.
Ron"dle (?), n. [Cf.
Rondel.] 1. A rondeau.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A round mass, plate, or disk; especially
(Metal.), the crust or scale which forms upon the
surface of molten metal in the crucible.
Ron"do (?), n. [It.
rond\'95, fr. F. rondeau. See
Rondeau.] 1. (Mus.) A
composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively,
cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each
of the other strains. \'bdThe Rondo-form was the
earliest and most frequent definite mold for musical
construction.\'b8
Grove.
2. (Poetry) See Rondeau,
1.
Ron"dure (?), n. [Cf. F.
rondeur roundness.] 1. A round; a
circle. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Roundness; plumpness. [R.]
High-kirtled for the chase, and what was shown
Of maiden rondure, like the rose half-blown.
Lowell.
Rong (?), obs. imp. & p.
p. of Ring.
Chaucer.
Rong, n. Rung (of a ladder).
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Ron`geur" (?), n. [F., fr.
ronger to gnaw.] (Surg.) An
instrument for removing small rough portions of bone.
{ Ron"ion, Ron"yon } (?),
n. [F. rogne scab, mange.]
A mangy or scabby creature.
\'bdAroint thee, with!\'b8 the rump-fed ronyon
cries.
Shak.
Ron"ne (?), obs. imp.
pl., and Ron"nen (/),
obs. p. p. of Renne, to run.
Chaucer.
Ront (?), n. [See
Runt.] A runt. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rood (?), n. [AS.
r/d a cross; akin to OS. r/da, D.
roede rod, G. ruthe, rute, OHG.
ruota. CF. Rod a measure.] 1.
A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross
with Christ hanging on it.
Savior, in thine image seen
Bleeding on that precious rood.
Wordsworth.
2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a
red; a perch; a pole. [Prov.Eng.]
3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square
rods.
By the rood, by the cross; -- a phrase
formerly used in swearing. \'bdNo, by the road, not
so.\'b8 Shak. -- Rood beam
(Arch.), a beam across the chancel of a church,
supporting the road. -- Rood loft
(Arch.), a loft or gallery, in a church, on which
the rood and its appendagess were set up to view.
Gwilt. -- Rood screen
(Arch.), a screen, between the choir and the body
of the church, over which the rood was placed.
Fairholt. -- Rood tower
(Arch.), a tower at the intersection of the nave
and transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was
called also rood steeple. Weale. --
Rood tree, the cross. [Obs.] \'bdDied
upon the rood tree.\'b8 Gower.
Roo"de*bok (?), n. [D.
rood red + bok buck.]
(Zo\'94l.) The pallah.
Rood"y (?), a. Rank in
growth. [Prov.Eng.]
Roof (?), n. [OE.
rof, AS. hr/f top, roof; akin to D.
roef cabin, Icel. hr/f a shed under which
ships are built or kept; cf. OS. hr/st roof, Goth.
hr/t. Cf. Roost.] 1.
(Arch.) The cover of any building, including the
roofing (see Roofing) and all the materials and
construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the
walls or other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted
ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault
the roof, and the outer protection the roof
mask. It is better, however, to consider the vault as the
ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering.
2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the
covering or the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of
a cavern; the roof of the mouth.
The flowery roof
Showered roses, which the morn repaired.
Milton.
3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock
immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein.
Bell roof, French roof,
etc. (Arch.) See under Bell,
French, etc. -- Flat roof.
(Arch.) (a) A roof actually horizontal
and level, as in some Oriental buildings. (b) A
roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material as allows
the water to run off freely from a very slight inclination.
-- Roof plate. (Arch.) See
Plate, n., 10.
Roof (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Roofed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Roofing.]
1. To cover with a roof.
I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings that have
not been roofed with vaults or arches.
Addison.
2. To inclose in a house; figuratively, to
shelter.
Here had we now our country's honor roofed.
Shak.
Roof"er (?), n. One who puts on
roofs.
Roof"ing, n. 1. The act of
covering with a roof.
2. The materials of which a roof is composed;
materials for a roof.
Gwilt.
3. Hence, the roof itself; figuratively,
shelter. \'bdFit roofing gave.\'b8
Southey.
4. (Mining) The wedging, as of a horse
or car, against the top of an underground passage.
Raymond.
Roof"less, a. 1. Having no
roof; as, a roofless house.
2. Having no house or home; shelterless;
homeless.
Roof"let (?), n. A small roof,
covering, or shelter.
Roof"tree` (?), n. The beam in
the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself.
Now for me the woods may wither, now for me the
rooftree fall.
Tennyson.
Roof`y (?), a. Having
roofs. [R.]
Dryden.
Rook (?), n. Mist; fog. See
Roke. [Obs.]
Rook, v. i. To squat; to ruck.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Rook, n. [F. roc (cf. Sp.
roque), fr. Per. & Ar. rokh, or
rukh, the rook or castle at chess, also the bird
roc (in this sense pehaps a different word); cf. Hind.
rath a war chariot, the castle at chess, Skr.
ratha a car, a war car. Cf. Roll.]
(Chess) One of the four pieces placed on the
corner squares of the board; a castle.
Rook, n. [AS. hr/c; akin to
OHG. hruoh, ruoh, ruoho, Icel.
hr/kr, Sw. roka, Dan. raage; cf. Goth.
hrukjan to crow.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A European bird (Corvus
frugilegus) resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black,
with purple and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the
region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin, which
in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits. The name
is also applied to related Asiatic species.
The rook . . . should be treated as the farmer's
friend.
Pennant.
2. A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a
sharper.
Wycherley.
Rook, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Rooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rooking.] To cheat; to defraud by
cheating. \'bdA band of rooking officials.\'b8
Milton.
Rook"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Rookeries (/). 1. The
breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds
themselves.
Tennyson.
2. A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as
of herons, penguins, etc.
3. The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur
seals.
4. A dilapidated building with many rooms and
occupants; a cluster of dilapidated or mean buildings.
5. A brothel. [Low]
Rook"y (?), a. [See
Roky.] Misty; gloomy.
[Obs.]
Light thickens, and the crow
Makes wing to the rooky wood.
Shak.
Room (?), n. [OE.
roum, rum, space, AS. r;
akin to OS., OFries. & Icel. r, D.
ruim, G. raum, OHG. r,
Sw. & Dan. rum, Goth. r, and to AS.
r, adj., spacious, D. ruim, Icel.
r, Goth. r; and prob. to L.
rus country (cf. Rural), Zend
rava wide, free, open, ravan a
plain.] 1. Unobstructed spase; space which
may be occupied by or devoted to any object; compass; extent of
place, great or small; as, there is not room for a
house; the table takes up too much room.
Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is
room.
Luke xiv. 22.
There was no room for them in the inn.
Luke ii. 7.
2. A particular portion of space appropriated for
occupancy; a place to sit, stand, or lie; a seat.
If he have but twelve pence in his purse, he will give it for
the best room in a playhouse.
Overbury.
When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in
the highest room.
Luke xiv. 8.
3. Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed
or set apart by a partition; an apartment or chamber.
I found the prince in the next room.
Shak.
4. Place or position in society; office; rank;
post; station; also, a place or station once belonging to, or
occupied by, another, and vacated. [Obs.]
When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the
room of his father Herod.
Matt. ii. 22.
Neither that I look for a higher room in
heaven.
Tyndale.
Let Bianca take her sister's room.
Shak.
5. Possibility of admission; ability to admit;
opportunity to act; fit occasion; as, to leave room
for hope.
There was no prince in the empire who had room for
such an alliance.
Addison.
Room and space (Shipbuilding), the
distance from one side of a rib to the corresponding side of the
next rib; space being the distance between two ribs, in
the clear, and room the width of a rib. -- To
give room, to withdraw; to leave or provide space
unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated. -- To
make room, to open a space, way, or passage; to remove
obstructions; to give room.
Make room, and let him stand before our face.
Shak.
Syn. -- Space; compass; scope; latitude.
Room (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Roomed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rooming.] To
occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to
room together.
Room, a. [AS.
r.] Spacious; roomy.
[Obs.]
No roomer harbour in the place.
Chaucer.
Room"age (?), n. [From
Room. CF. Rummage.] Space; place;
room. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Room"er (?), n. A lodger.
[Colloq.]
Room"er (?), adv. [See
Room, a.] At a greater distance;
farther off. [Obs.]
Sir J. Harrington.
Room"ful (?), a. Abounding with
room or rooms; roomy. \'bdA roomful house.\'b8
[R.]
Donne.
Room"ful, n.; pl. Roomfuls
(/). As much or many as a room will hold;
as, a roomful of men.
Swift.
Room"i*ly (?), adv.
Spaciously.
Room"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being roomy; spaciousness; as, the roominess of a
hall.
Room"less, a. Being without room or
rooms.
Udall.
Room"mate` (?), n. One of twe
or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who shares the
occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum.
Room"some (?), a. Roomy.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
Roomth (?), n. Room;
space. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Roomth"y (?), a. Roomy;
spacious. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Room"y (?), a. Having ample
room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; a
roomy deck.
Dryden.
Roon (?), a. & n. Vermilion
red; red. [R.]
Her face was like the lily roon.
J. R. Drake.
Roop (?), n. See
Roup. [Prov. Eng.]
{ Roor"back, Roor"bach }
(?), n. A defamatory forgery or
falsehood published for purposes of political intrigue.
[U.S.]
Roorbach.\'b8
Roo"sa oil` (?). The East Indian name for
grass oil. See under Grass.
Roost (?), n. Roast.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Roost (?), v. t. See
Roust, v. t.
Roost, n. [AS. hr\'d3st; akin
to OD. roest roost, roesten to roost, and
probably to E. roof. Cf. Roof.]
1. The pole or other support on which fowls rest at
night; a perch.
He clapped his wings upon his roost.
Dryden.
2. A collection of fowls roosting together.
At roost, on a perch or roost; hence, retired
to rest.
Roost, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Roosted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Roosting.] 1. To sit, rest, or
sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.; to perch.
Wordsworth.
2. Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep.
O, let me where thy roof my soul hath hid,
O, let me roost and nestle there.
Herbert.
Roost"cock` (?), n. The male of
the domestic fowl; a cock. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Roost"er (?), n. The male of
the domestic fowl; a cock. [U.S.]
Nor, when they [the Skinners and Cow Boys] wrung the neck of a
rooster, did they trouble their heads whether he
crowed for Congress or King George.
W. Irving.
Root (?), v. i. [AS.
wr\'d3tan; akin to wr\'d3t a snout, trunk,
D. wroeten to root, G. r\'81ssel snout,
trunk, proboscis, Icel. r\'d3ta to root, and perhaps
to L. rodere to gnaw (E. rodent) or to E.
root, n.] 1. To turn up the earth
with the snout, as swine.
2. Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low
arts or groveling servility; to fawn servilely.
Root, v. t. To turn up or to dig out
with the snout; as, the swine roots the
earth.
Root, n. [Icel. r\'d3t (for
vr\'d3t); akin to E. wort, and perhaps to
root to turn up the earth. See Wort.]
1. (Bot.) (a) The underground
portion of a plant, whether a true root or a tuber, a bulb or
rootstock, as in the potato, the onion, or the sweet flag.
(b) The descending, and commonly branching, axis of
a plant, increasing in length by growth at its extremity only,
not divided into joints, leafless and without buds, and having
for its offices to fix the plant in the earth, to supply it with
moisture and soluble matters, and sometimes to serve as a
reservoir of nutriment for future growth. A true root, however,
may never reach the ground, but may be attached to a wall, etc.,
as in the ivy, or may hang loosely in the air, as in some
epiphytic orchids.
<-- p. 1251 -->
2. An edible or esculent root, especially of such
plants as produce a single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.;
as, the root crop.
3. That which resembles a root in position or
function, esp. as a source of nourishment or support; that from
which anything proceeds as if by growth or development; as,
the root of a tooth, a nail, a cancer, and the
like. Specifically: (a) An ancestor or
progenitor; and hence, an early race; a stem.
They were the roots out of which sprang two
distinct people.
Locke.
(b) A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest
terms employed in language; a word from which other words are
formed; a radix, or radical. (c) The cause or
occasion by which anything is brought about; the source.
\'bdShe herself . . . is root of bounty.\'b8
Chaucer.
The love of money is a root of all kinds of
evil.
1 Tim. vi. 10 (rev. Ver. )
(d) (Math.) That factor of a quantity
which when multiplied into itself will produce that quantity;
thus, 3 is a root of 9, because 3 multiplied into
itself produces 9; 3 is the cube root of 27.
(e) (Mus.) The fundamental tone of any
chord; the tone from whose harmonics, or overtones, a chord is
composed.
Busby.
(f) The lowest place, position, or part.
\'bdDeep to the roots of hell.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdThe roots of the mountains.\'b8 Southey.
4. (Astrol.) The time which to reckon in
making calculations.
When a root is of a birth yknowe [known].
Chaucer.
A\'89rial roots. (Bot.) (a)
Small roots emitted from the stem of a plant in the open air,
which, attaching themselves to the bark of trees, etc., serve to
support the plant. (b) Large roots growing from
the stem, etc., which descend and establish themselves in the
soil. See Illust. of Mangrove. --
Multiple primary root (Bot.), a name
given to the numerous roots emitted from the radicle in many
plants, as the squash. -- Primary root
(Bot.), the central, first-formed, main root, from
which the rootlets are given off. -- Root and
branch, every part; wholly; completely; as, to
destroy an error root and branch. --
Root-and-branch men, radical reformers; -- a
designation applied to the English Independents (1641). See
Citation under Radical, n., 2. --
Root barnacle (Zo\'94l.), one of the
Rhizocephala. -- Root hair (Bot.),
one of the slender, hairlike fibers found on the surface of
fresh roots. They are prolongations of the superficial cells of
the root into minute tubes. Gray. -- Root
leaf (Bot.), a radical leaf. See
Radical, a., 3 (b). -- Root
louse (Zo\'94l.), any plant louse, or aphid,
which lives on the roots of plants, as the Phylloxera of the
grapevine. See Phylloxera. -- Root of an
equation (Alg.), that value which,
substituted for the unknown quantity in an equation, satisfies
the equation. -- Root of a nail (Anat.),
the part of a nail which is covered by the skin. --
Root of a tooth (Anat.), the part of a
tooth contained in the socket and consisting of one or more
fangs. -- Secondary roots (Bot.),
roots emitted from any part of the plant above the
radicle. -- To strike root, To take
root, to send forth roots; to become fixed in
the earth, etc., by a root; hence, in general, to become planted,
fixed, or established; to increase and spread; as, an opinion
takes root. \'bdThe bended twigs take
root.\'b8 Milton.
Root (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rooted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Rooting.] 1. To
fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and
begin to grow.
In deep grounds the weeds root deeper.
Mortimer.
2. To be firmly fixed; to be established.
If any irregularity chanced to intervene and to cause
misappehensions, he gave them not leave to root and
fasten by concealment.
Bp. Fell.
Root, v. t. 1. To plant and fix
deeply in the earth, or as in the earth; to implant firmly;
hence, to make deep or radical; to establish; -- used chiefly in
the participle; as, rooted trees or forests;
rooted dislike.
2. To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to
extirpate; -- with up, out, or
away. \'bdI will go root away the
noisome weeds.\'b8
Shak.
The Lord rooted them out of their land . . . and
cast them into another land.
Deut. xxix. 28.
Root"cap` (?), n. (Bot.)
A mass of parenchym/tous cells which covers and protects
the growing cells at the end of a root; a pileorhiza.
Root"ed, a. Having taken root; firmly
implanted; fixed in the heart. \'bdA rooted
sorrow.\'b8
Shak.
-- Root"*ed*ly, adv. --
Root"ed*ness, n.
Rooter (?), n. One who, or that
which, roots; one that tears up by the roots.
Root"er*y, n. A pile of roots, set with
plants, mosses, etc., and used as an ornamental object in
gardening.
Root"less, a. Destitute of roots.
Rot"let (?), n. A radicle; a
little root.
Root"stock` (?), n.
(Bot.) A perennial underground stem, producing
leafly s/ems or flower stems from year to year; a
rhizome.
Root"y (?), a. Full of roots;
as, rooty ground.
Ro*pal"ic (?), a. See
Rhopalic.
Rope (?), n. [AS.
r\'bep; akin to D. reep, G. reif
ring hoop, Icel. reip rope, Sw. rep, Dan.
reb, reeb Goth. skaudaraip
latchet.] 1. A large, stout cord, usually one
not less than an inch in circumference, made of strands twisted
or braided together. It differs from cord,
line, and string, only in its size. See
Cordage.
2. A row or string consisting of a number of things
united, as by braiding, twining, etc.; as, a rope of
onions.
3. pl. The small intestines; as,
the ropes of birds.
Rope ladder, a ladder made of ropes. --
Rope mat., a mat made of cordage, or strands of
old rope. -- Rope of sand, something of no
cohession or fiber; a feeble union or tie; something not to be
relied upon. -- Rope pump, a pump in which a
rapidly running endless rope raises water by the momentum
communicated to the water by its adhesion to the rope. --
Rope transmission (Mach.), a method of
transmitting power, as between distant places, by means of
endless ropes running over grooved pulleys. -- Rope's
end, a piece of rope; especially, one used as a lash in
inflicting punishment. -- To give one rope,
to give one liberty or license; to let one go at will
uncheked.
Rope (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Roped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Roping.] To
be formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament or
thread, as by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality.
Let us not hang like ropingicicles
Upon our houses' thatch.
Shak.
Rope, v. t. 1. To bind, fasten,
or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope a bale of
goods. Hence: --
2. To connect or fasten together, as a party of
mountain climbers, with a rope.
3. To partition, separate, or divide off, by means
of a rope, so as to include or exclude something; as, to
rope in, or rope off, a plot of ground; to
rope out a crowd.
4. To lasso (a steer, horse). [Colloq.
U.S.]
5. To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle;
to decoy; as, to rope in customers or
voters. [Slang, U.S.]
6. To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling
or curbing. [Racing Slang, Eng.]
Rope"band` (?), n.
(Naut.) A small piece of spun yarn or marline,
used to fasten the head of the sail to the spar.
[Written also roband, and
robbin.]
Rope"dan`cer (?), n. One who
dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope extended
through the air at some height. --
Rope"dan`cing, n.
Rop"er (?), n. 1. A
maker of ropes.
P. Plowman.
2. One who ropes goods; a packer.
3. One fit to be hanged. [Old
Slang]
Douce.
Rop"er*y (?), n. 1. A
place where ropes are made.
2. Tricks deserving the halter; roguery.
[Obs.] \'bdSaucy merchant . . . so full of his
ropery.\'b8
Shak.
Rope's"-end` (?), v. t. To
punish with a rope's end.
Rope"walk` (?), a. A long,
covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are
manufactured.
Rope"walk`er (?), n. A
ropedancer.
Rope"-yarn` (?), n. the yarn or
thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope are
made.
Rop"i*ly (?), adv. In a ropy
manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner.
Rop"i*ness, n. Quality of being ropy;
viscosity.
Rop"ish, a. Somewhat ropy.
Rop"y (?), a. capable of being
drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous;
tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy
lees.
Roq"ue*laure (?; 277), n. [F.;
so called after Duc de Roquelaure, in the reign of
Louis XIV.] A cloak reaching about to, or just below,
the knees, worn in the 18th century. [Written also
roquelo.]
Ro*quet" (?), v. t. [Etymol.
uncertain] (Croquet) To hit, as another's
ball, with one's own ball.
Ro*quet", v. i. To hit another's ball
with one's own.
Ro"ral (?), a. [L.
ros, roris, dew.] Of or
pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy.
[R.]
M. Green.
Ro*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
roratio, fr. rorare to drop dew, fr.
ros dew.] A falling of dew.
[R.]
Ro"ric (?), a. [L.
ros, roris, dew.] Of or
pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy.
Roric figures (Physics), figures
which appear upon a polished surface, as glass, when objects
which have been near to, or in contact with, the surface are
removed and the surface breathed upon; -- called also
Moser's images.
Ro"rid (?), a. [L.
roridus, fr. ros, roris,
dew.] Dewy; bedewed. [R.]
T. Granger.
Ro*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
rorifer; ros, roris, dew +
ferre to bear: cf. F. rorif\'8are.]
generating or producing dew. [R.]
Ro*rif"lu*ent (?), a. [L.
ros, roris, dew + fluens, p.pr.
of fluere to flow.] Flowing with dew.
[R.]
Ror"qual (?), n. [Norw.
rorqualus a whale with folds.]
(Zo\'94l.) A very large North Atlantic whalebone
whale (Physalus antiquorum, or Bal\'91noptera
physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal
folds on the throat and belly. Called also
razorback.
Ro"ru*lent (?), a. [L.
rorulentus, from ros, roris,
dew.] 1. Full of, or abounding in, dew.
[R.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface
appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine dew.
Ro"ry (?), a. [L.
ros, roris, dew.] Dewy.
[R.]
And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet.
Fairfax.
Ro*sa"ceous (?), a. [L.
rosaceus, fr. rosa rose.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a natural
order of plants (Rosace\'91) of which the rose is the
type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet,
brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service
tress, and quinces. (b) Like a rose in shape
or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla.
2. Of a pure purpish pink color.
Ro*sac"ic (?), a. [See
Rosaceous.] (Old med. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also
lithic acid) found in certain red precipitates of
urine. See Uric. [Obs.]
Ro*sal"gar (?), n.
realgar. [Obs.]
chaucer.
\'d8Ro*sa"li*a (?), n. [Cf. F.
rosalie.] (Mus.) A form of
melody in which a phrase or passage is successively repeated,
each time a step or half step higher; a melodic sequence.
Ros*an"i*line (? , n.
[Rose + aniline.]
(Chem.) A complex nitrogenous base,
C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of
aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which
forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of
the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline
red, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances
derived from, or related to, rosaniline proper.
Ro*sa"ri*an (?), n. A
cultivator of roses.
Ro"sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Rosaries (#). [LL.
rosarium a string of beads, L. rosarium a
place planted with roses, rosa a rose: cf. F.
rosaire. See Rose.] 1. A
bed of roses, or place where roses grow. \'bdThick
rosaries of scented thorn.\'b8
Tennyson.
2. (R.C.Ch.) A series of prayers (see
Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a
string of beads by which the prayers are counted.
His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his
prayers.
Milton.
rosary consists of fifteen decades.
Each decade contains ten Ave Marias marked by small
beads, preceded by a Paternoster, marked by a larger
bead, and concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades
make a chaplet, a third part of the rosary.
Bp. Fitzpatrick.
3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection,
as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections.
Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet
of good works to present to God at night.
Jer. Taylor.
4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose,
fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a
penny.
Rosary shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine
gastropod shell of the genus Monodonta. They are
top-shaped, bright-colored and pearly.
Ros"cid (?), a. [L.
roscidus, fr. ros, roris,
dew.] Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy.
[R.]
Bacon.
Ros"coe*lite (?), n. [From an
English chemist, H.E. Roscoe +
-lite.] (Min.) A green micaceous
mineral occurring in minute scales. It is essentially a silicate
of aluminia and potash containing vanadium.
Rose (?), imp. of
Rise.
Rose, n. [AS. rose, L.
rosa, probably akin to Gr. /, Armor.
vard, OPer. vareda; and perhaps to E.
wort: cf. F. rose, from the Latin. Cf.
Copperas, Rhododendron.] 1.
A flower and shrub of any species of the genus
Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in
the morthern hemispere
Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt,
China, Noisette, hybrid
perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly
every class.
2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose
knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe.
Sha.
3. (Arch.) A rose window. See Rose
window, below.
4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc.,
for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer
at the foot of a pump.
5. (Med.) The erysipelas.
Dunglison.
6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a
circular card with radiating lines, used in other
instruments.
7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.
8. A diamond. See Rose diamond,
below.
Cabbage rose, China rose,
etc. See under Cabbage, China, etc. --
Corn rose (Bot.) See Corn
poppy, under Corn. -- Infantile
rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. --
Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under
Jamaica. -- Rose acacia
(Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub
(Robinia hispida) with handsome clusters of
rose-colored blossoms. -- Rose aniline.
(Chem.) Same as Rosaniline. --
Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the
tropical myrtaceous tree Eugenia Jambos. It is an
edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a
very strong roselike perfume. -- Rose beetle.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small yellowish or buff
longlegged beetle (Macrodactylus subspinosus), which
eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to
rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also
rose bug, and rose
chafer. (b) The European chafer.
-- Rose bug. (Zo\'94l.) same as
Rose beetle, Rose chafer. --
Rose burner, a kind of gas-burner producing a
rose-shaped flame. -- Rose camphor
(Chem.), a solid odorless substance which
separates from rose oil. -- Rose campion.
(Bot.) See under Campion. --
Rose catarrh (Med.), rose cold. --
Rose chafer. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
common European beetle (Cetonia aurata) which is often
very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also rose
beetle, and rose fly. (b)
The rose beetle (a). -- Rose cold
(Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes
attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See
Hay fever, under Hay. -- Rose
color, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful
hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or
promise. <-- p. 1252 --> -- Rose de
Pompadour, Rose du Barry, names
succesively given to a delicate rose color used on S\'8avres
porcelain. -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one
side of which is flat, and the other cut into twenty-four
triangular facets in two ranges which form a convex face pointed
at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n. --
Rose ear. See under Ear. --
Rose elder (Bot.), the
Guelder-rose. -- Rose engine, a machine, or
an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a surface or wood,
metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved lines.
Craig. -- Rose family (Bot.)
the Rosece\'91. See Rosaceous. --
Rose fever (Med.), rose cold. --
Rose fly (Zo\'94l.), a rose betle, or
rose chafer. -- Rose gall (Zo\'94l.),
any gall found on rosebushes. See Bedeguar. --
Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited
so as to resemble a rose; a rosette. -- Rose
lake, Rose madder, a rich tint
prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy
basis. Fairholt. -- Rose mallow.
(Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous
plants of the genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored
flowers. (b) the hollyhock. -- Rose
nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head. --
Rose noble, an ancient English gold coin, stamped
with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward
III., and current at 6s. 8d. Sir W. Scott. --
Rose of China. (Bot.) See China
rose (b), under China. -- Rose
of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous
plant (Anastatica Hierochuntica) which rolls up when
dry, and expands again when moistened; -- called also
resurrection plant. -- Rose of
Sharon (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous
shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus). In the Bible the name is
used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or
possibly the great lotus flower. -- Rose oil
(Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from
various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of
attar of roses. -- Rose pink, a pigment of a
rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of
Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment. --
Rose quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz
which is rose-red. -- Rose rash.
(Med.) Same as Roseola. -- Rose
slug (Zo\'94l.), the small green larva of a
black sawfly (Selandria ros\'91). These
larv\'91 feed in groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of
rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive. --
Rose window (Arch.), a circular window
filled with ornamental tracery. Called also Catherine
wheel, and marigold window. Cf.
wheel window, under Wheel. --
Summer rose (Med.), a variety of
roseola. See Roseola. -- Under the rose
[a translation of L. sub rosa], in
secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the
rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up
at entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be
divulged. -- Wars of the Roses (Eng.
Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York and Lancaster,
the white rose being the badge of the House of York,
and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.
Rose (?), v. t. 1. To
render rose-colored; to redden; to flush.
[Poetic] \'bdA maid yet rosed over with
the virgin crimson of modesty.\'b8
Shak.
2. To perfume, as with roses.
[Poetic]
Tennyson.
Ro"se*al (?), a. [L.
roseus, fr. rosa a rose.]
resembling a rose in smell or color.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Ro"se*ate (?), a. [Cf. L.
roseus, rosatus, prepared from roses. See
Roseal, Rose.] 1. Full of
roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers.
2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp.,
tinged with rose color; blooming; as, roseate
beauty; her roseate lips.
Roseate tern (Zo\'94l.), an
American and European tern (Sterna Dougalli) whose
breast is roseate in the breeding season.
Rose"bay` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) the oleander. [Obs.]
(b) Any shrub of the genus
Rhododendron. [U.S.] (c)
An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy purple
flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also
great willow herb.
Rose"bud` (?), n. The flower of
a rose before it opens, or when but partially open.
Rose"bush` (?), n. The bush or
shrub which bears roses.
Rose"-col`ored (?), a. 1.
Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate
pink color.
2. Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine
or pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored
anticipations.
Rose"-cut` (?), a. Cut flat on
the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets
in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious stones. See
Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf.
Brilliant, n.
Rose"drop`, n. 1. A lozenge
having a rose flavor.
2. A kind of earring.
Simmonds.
3. (Med.) A ruddy eruption upon the nose
caused by drinking ardent spirits; a grog blossom.
Rose"finch (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic
finches of the genera Carpodacus, and
Propasser, and allied genera, in which the male is
more or less colored with rose red.
Rose"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large marine scorp\'91noid food fish
(Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of
Europe and America. called also red perch,
hemdurgan, Norway haddok,
and also, erroneously, snapper,
bream, and bergylt.
Rose"head` (?), n. 1.
See Rose, n., 4.
2. A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a
nail with such a head.
Ro"se*ine (? , n. See
Magenta.
Ro"se*lite (?), n. [From the
German mineralogist G. Rose + -lite.]
(Min.) A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in
small red crystals, allied to erythrite.
\'d8Ro"sel"la (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of L. rosa rose.] (Zo\'94l.)
A beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus
eximius) often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of
the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green
varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow.
Ro*selle" (?), n. (Bot.)
a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa)
cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes,
which are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid
drink.
Rose`mal"oes (?), n. [From the
native name; cf. Malay rasam\'bela the name of the
tree.] The liquid storax of the East Indian
Liquidambar orientalis.
Rose"ma*ry (?), n. [OE.
rosmarine, L. rosmarinus; ros
dew (cf. Russ. rosa, Lith. rasa, Skr.
rasa juice) + marinus marine: cf. F.
romarin. In English the word has been changed as if it
meant the rose of Mary. See Marine.]
A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with
narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of
France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has
a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is
used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or
constancy.
There's rosemary, that's for remembrance.
Shak.
Marsh rosemary. (a) A little shrub
(Andromeda polifolia) growing in cold swamps and
having leaves like those of the rosemary. (b)
See under Marsh. -- Rosemary pine,
the loblolly pine. See under Loblolly.
Ros"en (?), a. Consisting of
roses; rosy. [Obs.]
Ro"sen*m\'81l`ler's or"gan (?). [So named
from its first describer, J. C. Rosenm\'81ller, a
German anatomist.] (Anat.) The parovarium.
Ro"se*o- (?). (Chem.) A prefix
(also used adjectively) signifying rose-red;
specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called
roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf.
Luteo-.
\'d8Ro*se"o*la (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of L. rosa a rose.] (med.)
A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in
circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often
alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease
which is characterized by an eruption of this character; --
called also rose rash. --
Ro*se"o*lous (#),
a.
Rose"-pink` (?), a. 1.
Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the
pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink,
under Rose.
2. Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues;
hence, sentimental. \'bdRose-pink piety.\'b8
C. Kingsley.
Ros"er (?), n. A rosier; a
rosebush. [Obs.]
Rose"-red` (?), a. Red as a
rose; specifically (Zo\'94l.), of a pure purplish red
color.
Chaucer.
Rose"-ri`al (?), n. [See
Rose, and Royal.] A name of several
English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having
different values; a rose noble.
Rose"root` (?), n. (Bot.)
A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); rosewort;
-- so called because the roots have the odor of roses.
Ros"er*y (?), n. A place where
roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See Rosary,
1.
Ro"set (?), n. [F.
rosette. See Rosette.] A red color
used by painters.
Peacham.
Ro-set"ta stone` (?). A stone found at
Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual inscription,
by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was obtained to
the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt.
Brande & C.
Ro*set"ta wood` (?). An east Indian wood
of a reddish orange color, handsomely veined with darker marks.
It is occasionally used for cabinetwork.
Ure.
Ro*sette (?), n. [F., dim. of
rose a rose. Cf. Roset.] 1.
An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material,
-- used as an ornament or a badge.
2. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of a
rose or roundel, -much used in decoration.
3. A red color. See Roset.
4. A rose burner. See under Rose.
5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any structure
having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad
ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid
sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and
Sand dollar, under Sand. (b)
A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on
the leopard.
Rose" wa`ter (?). Water tinctured with
roses by distillation.
Rose"-wa`ter, a. Having the odor of rose
water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental.
\'bdRose-water philantropy.\'b8
Carlyle.
Rose"wood (?), n. A valuable
cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with
black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the
genera Dalbergia and Mach\'91rium. The
finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the
Dalbergia nigra.
African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous
tree Pterocarpus erinaceus. -- Jamaica
rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees
(Amyris balsamifera, and Linocieria
ligustrina). -- New South Wales rosewood,
the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a tree related
to the margosa.
Rose"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of any one of several
species of lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves,
buds, or blossoms of the rose, especially Cac\'91cia
rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a nest, and
devours both the leaves and buds.
Rose"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) Roseroot. (b) Any plant
nearly related to the rose.
Lindley.
Ros`i*cru"cian (?), n. [The
name is probably due to a German theologian, Johann Valentin
Andre\'84, who in anonymous pamphlets called himself a knight of
the Rose Cross (G. Rosenkreuz), using a
seal with a St. Andrew's cross and four roses.)] One
who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed
to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in
the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it
was stated, several hundred years.
brothers of the
Rosy Cross, Rosy-cross Knights, Rosy-cross
philosophers, etc. Among other pretensions, they claimed to
be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what is
passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden things
by the application of the Cabala and science of numbers.
Ros`i*cru"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.
Ros"ied (?), a. Decorated with
roses, or with the color of roses.
Ro"sier (?), n. [F., fr. L.
rosarius of roses. Cf. Rosary.] A
rosebush; roses, collectively. [Obs.]
Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier.
Spenser.
Ros"i*ly (?), adv. In a rosy
manner.
M. Arnold.
Ros"in (?), n. [A variant of
resin.] The hard, amber-colored resin left
after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine;
colophony.
Rosin oil, an oil obtained from the resin of
the pine tree, -- used by painters and for lubricating machinery,
etc.
Ros"in, v. t. To rub with rosin, as
musicians rub the bow of a violin.
Or with the rosined bow torment the string.
Gay.
Ros"i*ness (?), n. The quality
of being rosy.
Ros"in*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) The compass plant. See under
Compass. (b) A name given in
California to various composite plants which secrete resins or
have a resinous smell.
Ros"in*y (?), a. like rosin, or
having its qualities.
Ros"land (?), n. [W.
rhos a meadow, a moor + E. land.]
heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery
land. [prov. Eng.]
Ros"ma*rine` (?), n. [OE. See
Rosemary.] 1. Dew from the sea; sea
dew. [Obs.]
That purer brine
And wholesome dew called rosmarine.
B. Jonson.
2. Rosemary. [Obs.]
Spenser. \'bdBiting on anise seed and
rosmarine.\'b8 Bp. Hall.
Ros"ma*rine, n. [Norw. rosmar
a walrus; ros a horse (akin to E. horse) +
(probably) mar the sea.] A fabulous sea
animal which was reported to climb by means of its teeth to the
tops of rocks to feed upon the dew.
And greedly rosmarines with visages deforme.
Spenser.
Ro*sol"ic (?), a.
[Rose + carbolic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex
red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous
to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of
phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass,
C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and
stable ones with acids. Called also methyl
aurin, and, formerly,
corallin.
Ross (?); 115), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] The rough, scaly matter on the surface of
the bark of trees. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Ross, v. t. To divest of the ross, or
rough, scaly surface; as, to ross bark.
[Local, U.S.]
Ros"sel (?), n. Light land;
rosland. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Mortimer.
Ros"sel*ly (?), a. Loose;
light. [Obs.]
Mortimer.
Rost (?), n. See
Roust. [Scot.]
Jemieson.
Ros"tel (?), n. [L.
rostellum, dim. of rostrum a beak: cf. F.
rostelle.] same as
Rostellum.
Ros*tel"lar (?), a. Pertaining
to a rostellum.
Ros"tel*late (?), a. [NL.
rostellatus.] Having a rostellum, or small
beak; terminating in a beak.
Ros*tel"li*form (?), a. Having
the form of a rostellum, or small beak.
\'d8Ros*tel"lum (?), n.; pl.
Rostella (#). [L. See
Rostel.] A small beaklike process or
extension of some part; a small rostrum; as, the
rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum
of many mosses; the rostellum on the head of a
tapeworm.
Ros"ter (?), n. [Perhaps a
corruption of register; or cf. roll.]
(Mil.) A register or roll showing the order in
which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called
on to serve.
Ros"tra (?), n. pl. See
Rostrum, 2.
Ros"tral (?), a. [L.
rostralis, fr. rostrum a beak; cf. F.
rostral.] Of or pertaining to the beak or
snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum,
esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations.
[Monuments] adorned with rostral crowns and naval
ornaments.
Addison.
{ Ros"trate (?), Ros"tra*ted
(?) }, a. [L.
rostratus, fr. rostrum a beak. See
Rostrum.] 1. Having a process
resembling the beak of a bird; beaked; rostellate.
2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as,
rostrated galleys.
\'d8Ros*trif"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. rostrum beak + ferre to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head prolonged into a
snout which is not retractile.
Ros"tri*form (?), a. [L.
rostrum a beak + -form: cf. F.
rostrifarme.] Having the form of a
beak.
\'d8Ros"tru*lum /, n.; pl.
Rostrula (#). [NL., dim. of L.
rostrum a beak.] A little rostrum, or beak,
as of an insect.
<-- p. 1253 -->
Ros"trum (?), n.; pl. L.
Rostra (#), E. Rostrums
(#). [L., beak, ship's beak, fr.
rodere, rosum, to gnaw. See
Rodent.] 1. The beak or head of a
ship.
2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom.
Antiq.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum
where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were
delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was
adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also
to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public
orators.
3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit
or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker.
Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor.
Addison.
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any beaklike
prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of
birds. (b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts,
of Hemiptera. (c) The snout of a gastropod
mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina.
(d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of
the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the
prawn.
5. (Bot.) Same as
Rostellum.
6. (Old Chem.) The pipe to convey the
distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic.
Quincy.
7. (Surg.) A pair of forceps of various
kinds, having a beaklike form. [Obs.]
Coxe.
Ro"su*late (?), a. [NL.
rosulatus, fr. L. rosa a rose.]
(Bot.) Arranged in little roselike clusters; --
said of leaves and bracts.
Ros"y (?), a.
[Compar. Rosier (?);
superl. Rosiest.] Resembling
a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing;
also, adorned with roses.
A smile that glowed
Celestial rosy-red, love's proper hue.
Milton.
While blooming youth and gay delight
Sit thy rosy cheeks confessed.
Prior.
Rosy is sometimes used in the formation
of self/xplaining compounde; as, rosy-bosomed,
rosy-colored, rosy-crowned,
rosy-fingered, rosy-tinted.
Rosy cross. See the Note under
Rosicrucian, n.
Rot (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Rotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rotting.] [OE. rotien, AS.
rotian; akin to D. rotten, Prov. G.
rotten, OHG. rozz/n, G.
r\'94sten to steep flax, Icel. rotna to
rot, Sw. ruttna, Dan. raadne, Icel.
rottin rotten. Ret,
Rotten.] 1. To undergo a process
common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of
their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off
usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive
odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to
decay.
Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot,
To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot.
Pope.
2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to
die; to become corrupt.
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in
irons.
Macaulay.
Rot, poor bachelor, in your club.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.
Rot, v. t. 1. To make putrid;
to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural
processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber.
2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration,
etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.
Rot, n. 1. Process of rotting;
decay; putrefaction.
2. (Bot.) A disease or decay in fruits,
leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See
Bitter rot, Black rot, etc.,
below.
3. [Cf. G. rotz glanders.] A
fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals.
It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or
gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2.
His cattle must of rot and murrain die.
Milton.
Bitter rot (Bot.), a disease of
apples, caused by the fungus Gl\'91osporium
fructigenum. F. L. Scribner. -- Black
rot (Bot.), a disease of grapevines,
attacking the leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus
L\'91stadia Bidwellii. F. L. Scribner.
-- Dry rot (Bot.) See under
Dry. -- Grinder's rot (Med.)
See under Grinder. -- Potato rot.
(Bot.) See under Potato. --
White rot (Bot.), a disease of grapes,
first appearing in whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the
fungus Coniothyrium diplodiella. F. L.
Scribner.
\'d8Ro"ta (?), n. [L.
rota wheel. The name is said to allude to the design
of the floor of the room in which the court used to sit, which
was that of a wheel. See Rotary.] 1.
An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota
Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It
consists of twelve members.
2. (Eng. Hist.) A short-lived political
club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the
democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the
state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of
Parliament.
Ro"ta (?), n. (Mus.)
A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the
Middle Ages in church music; -- written also
rotta.
Ro"ta*cism (?), n. See
Rhotacism.
Ro"tal (?), a. Relating to
wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. [R.]
Ro"ta*lite (?), n. [L.
rota wheel + -lite.]
(Paleon.) Any fossil foraminifer of the genus
Rotalia, abundant in the chalk formation. See
Illust. under Rhizopod.
Ro"ta*ry (?), a. [L.
rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and
cf. barouche, Rodomontade, Rou\'82,
Round, a., Rowel.]
Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or
resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as,
rotary motion.
Rotary engine, steam engine in which the
continuous rotation of the shaft is produced by the direct action
of the steam upon rotating devices which serve as pistons,
instead of being derived from a reciprocating motion, as in the
ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- called also
rotatory engine. -- Rotary
pump, a pump in which the fluid is impelled by rotating
devices which take the place of reciprocating buckets or
pistons. -- Rotary shears, shears, as for
cloth, metal, etc., in which revolving sharp-edged or
sharp-cornered wheels do the cutting. -- Rotary
valve, a valve acting by continuous or partial
rotation, as in the four-way cock.
Ro"ta*scope (?), n. [L.
rota a wheel + -scope.] Same as
Gyroscope, 1.
Ro"tate (?), a. [L.
rotatus, p.p. of rotare to turn round like
a wheel, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf.
Roue.] Having the parts spreading out like a
wheel; wheel-shaped; as, a rotate spicule or scale;
a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous corolla
with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short
one.
Ro"tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rotated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rotating.] 1. To turn, as a
wheel, round an axis; to revolve.
2. To perform any act, function, or operation in
turn, to hold office in turn; as, to rotate in
office.
Ro"tate, v. i. 1. To cause to
turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle.
2. To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to
succeed some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in
office. [Colloq.] \'bdBoth, after a brief
service, were rotated out of office.\'b8
Harper's Mag.
Ro"ta*ted (?), a. Turned round,
as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate.
Ro*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
rotatio: cf. F. rotation.]
1. The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body
on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a
revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily
turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its
annual motion round the sun is a revolution.
2. Any return or succesion in a series.
Moment of rotation. See Moment of
inertia, under Moment. -- Rotation in
office, the practice of changing public officers at
frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions. --
Rotation of crops, the practices of cultivating an
orderly succession of different crops on the same land.
Ro*ta"tion (?), a. Pertaining
to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or
characterized by, rotation; as, rotational
velocity.
Ro"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
rotatif.] turning, as a wheel; rotary;
rotational.
This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause
an equatorial rise of the solar atmosphere.
Siemens.
Rotative engine, a steam engine in which the
reciprocating motion of the piston is transformed into a
continuous rotary motion, as by means of a connecting rod, a
working beam and crank, or an oscillating cylinder.
Ro*ta"tor (?), n. [L.]
1. (Anat.) that which gives a rotary or
rolling motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some
part on its axis.
2. (Metal.) A revolving reverberatory
furnace.
\'d8Ro`ta*to"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Rotifera.
Ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
rotatoire. See Rotate,
Rotary.] 1. Turning as on an axis;
rotary.
2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or
succession; as, rotatory assembles.
Burke.
3. (Opt.) Producing rotation of the
plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of
bodies on light. See the Note under
polarization.
Nichol.
Ro"ta*to*ry, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
rotifer. [R.]
Kirby.
Rotche (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or
Alle alle) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in
winter; -- called also little auk,
dovekie, rotch,
rotchie, and sea
dove.
Rotch"et (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European red gurnard (Trigla
pini).
Rote (?), n. A root.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rote (?), n. [OE.
rote, probably of German origin; cf. MHG.
rotte, OHG. rota, hrota, LL.
chrotta. Cf. Crowd a kind of violin.]
(Mus.) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were
produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an
instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
Well could he sing and play on a rote.
Chaucer.
extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and
rotes.
Sir W. Scott.
Rote, n. [Cf. Rut
roaring.] The noise produced by the surf of the sea
dashing upon the shore. See Rut.
Rote, n. [OF. rote, F.
route, road, path. See Route, and cf.
Rut a furrow, Routine.] A frequent
repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning;
mere repetition; as, to learn rules by
rote.
Swift.
till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by
rote.
Chaucer.
Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell.
Shak.
Rote, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Roted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Roting.] To learn or repeat by
rote. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rote, v. i. To go out by rotation or
succession; to rotate. [Obs.]
<-- = rotate out? -->
Z. Grey.
Ro*tel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of
rota wheel; cf. LL. rotella a little
whell.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus
Rotella, native of tropical seas.
Rot"gut (?), n. 1. Bad
small beer. [Slang]
2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when
adulterated so as to be very deleterious.
[Slang]
Roth"er (?), a. [AS.
hry; cf. D. rund.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bovine. -- n.
A bovine beast. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rother beasts, cattle of the bovine genus;
black cattle. [Obs.] Golding. --
Rother soil, the dung of rother beasts.
Roth"er, n. [OE. See
Rudder.] A rudder.
Rother nail, a nail with a very full head,
used for fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by
shipwrights.
Ro"ti*fer (?; 277), n. [NL. see
Rotifera.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix.
\'d8Ro*tif"e*ra (?), n.;
pl. [NL., from L. rota / wheel +
ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of
vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an
appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very
numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and
habits.
Ro"ti*form (?), a. [L.
rota wheel + -form.] 1.
Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform
appendages.
2. (Bot.) Same as Rotate.
Rot"ta (?), n. (Mus.)
See Rota.
Rot"ten (?), a. [Icel.
rotinn; akin to Sw. rutten, Dan.
radden. See Rot.] Having rotted;
putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten
meat. Hence: (a) Offensive to the smell;
fetid; disgusting.
You common cry or curs! whose breath I hate
As reek of the rotten fens.
Shak.
(b) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective;
treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone,
stone. \'bdThe deepness of the rotten
way.\'b8
Knolles.
Rotten borough. See under
Borough. -- Rotten stone
(Min.), a soft stone, called also Tripoli (from
the country from which it was formerly brought), used in all
sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for
cleaning metallic substances. The name is also given to other
friable siliceous stones applied to like uses.
Syn. -- Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound;
corrupt; deceitful; treacherous.
-- Rot"ten*ly, adv. --
Rot"ten*ness, n.
\'d8Rot"u*la (?), n. [L., a
little wheel; cf. It. rotula.]
(Anat.) The patella, or kneepan.
Rot"u*lar (?), a. [L.
rotula, dim. of rota wheel.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rotula, or
kneepan.
Ro*tund" (?), a. [L.
rotundus. See Round, and cf.
Rotunda.] 1. Round; circular;
spherical.
2. Hence; complete; entire.
3. (Bot.) orbicular, or nearly so.
Gray.
Ro*tund", n. A rotunds.
[Obs.]
Burke.
Ro*tun"da (?), n. [Cf. It.
rotonda, F. rotonde; both fr. L.
rotundus round. See Rotund,
a.] (Arch.) A round building;
especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside,
like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used
for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the
Capitol at Washington.
Ro*tund"ate (?), a. Rounded;
especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners.
Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L.
rotundus round + folium a leaf.]
(Bot.) Having round leaves.
Ro*tund"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rotunditas: cf. F. rotondit\'82.]
1. The state or quality of being rotu/;
roundness; sphericity; circularity.
Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world!
Shak.
2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness.
For the more rotundity of the number and grace of
the matter, it passeth for a full thousand.
Fuller.
A boldness and rotundity of speech.
Hawthorne.
Ro*tund"ness, n. Roundness;
rotundity.
Ro*tun"do (?), n. See
Rotunda.
Ro*tur"er (?), n. A
roturier. [Obs.]
Howell.
\'d8Ro`tu`rier" (?), n.
[F.] A person who is not of noble birth; specif.,
a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial
land.
Rot"y (?), v. t. [See
Rot.] To make rotten.
[Obs.]
Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard,
Than that it roty all the remenant.
Chaucer.
\'d8Rou"ble (?), n. A coin. See
Ruble.
Rouche (?), n. See
Ruche.
\'d8Rou`\'82" (?), n. [F.,
properly p.p. of rouer to break upon the wheel, fr.
roue a wheel, L. rota. See Rotate,
Rotary.] One devoted to a life of sensual
pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.
\'d8Rou`et" (?), n. [F.]
A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for
discharging them.
Crabb.
Rouge (?), a. [F., fr. L.
rubeus red, akin to rubere to be red,
ruber red. See Red.] red.
[R.]
\'d8Rouge et noir (/) [F., red and
black], a game at cards in which persons play against
the owner of the bank; -- so called because the table around
which the players sit has certain compartments colored red and
black, upon which the stakes are deposited.
Hoyle.
Rouge, n. [F.] 1.
(Chem.) A red amorphous powder consisting of
ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and
as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus,
jeweler's rouge, etc.
2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the
cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of
the safflower, but it is often made from carmine.
Ure.
Rouge, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rouging .] To paint the face or cheeks
with rouge.
Rouge, v. t. To tint with rouge; as,
to rouge the face or the cheeks.
Rouge`croix" (? , n.
[F., literally, red cross.] (Her.) One
of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.
Rouge" drag`on (?), n. [F.,
literally, red dragon.] (Her.) One of the
four pursuivants of the English college of arms.
<-- p. 1254 -->
Rough (?), a.
[Compar. Rougher (?);
superl. Roughest.] [OE.
rou/, rou, row,
rugh, ruh, AS. r/h; akin to
LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig,
ruw, OHG. r/h, G. rauh,
rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle,
rukti to wrinkle. Rug,
n.] 1. Having inequalities, small
ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a
rough board; a rough stone; rough
cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level;
having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or
of a road. \'bdRough, uneven ways.\'b8
Shak.
(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a
rough diamond. (c) Tossed in
waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of
water.
More unequal than the roughest sea.
T. Burnet.
(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged;
disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a
rough coat. \'bdA visage
rough.\'b8 Dryden.
\'bdRoughsatyrs.\'b8 Milton.
2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement,
gentleness, or polish. Specifically: (a) Not
courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough
temper.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.
Shak.
A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds.
Prior.
(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard;
as, rough measures or actions.
On the rough edge of battle.
Milton.
A quicker and rougher remedy.
Clarendon.
Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which
rough and imperious usage often produces.
Locke.
(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh;
grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a
rough tone; rough numbers.
Pope.
(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as,
rough wine. (e) Tempestuous;
boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a
rough day.
He stayeth his rough wind.
Isa. xxvii. 8.
Time and the hour runs through the roughest
day.
Shak.
(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish;
incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough
draught.
Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence,
colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude
exterior.<-- = diamond in the rough --> -- Rough and
ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and
efficiency. \'bdThe rough and ready
understanding.\'b8
Lowell.
(b) Produced offhand. \'bdSome rough and
ready theory.\'b8
Tylor.
Rough, n. 1. Boisterous
weather. [Obs.]
Fletcher.
2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
In the rough, in an unwrought or rude
condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the
rough.
Contemplating the people in the rough.
Mrs. Browning.
Rough, adv. In a rough manner; rudely;
roughly.
Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying
stubbornly in their boats.
Sir W. Scott.
Rough, v. t. 1. To render
rough; to roughen.
2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military
purposes.
Crabb.
3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with
out; as, to rough out a carving, a
sketch.
Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough
manner, a bloom of iron to bars. -- To rough it,
to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary
comforts.
Rough`cast" (?), v. t. 1.
To form in its first rudiments, without revision,
correction, or polish.
Dryden.
2. To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with
asperities and inequalities.
3. To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or
pebbles; as, to roughcast a building.
Rough"cast`, n. 1. A rude
model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.
2. A kind of plastering made of lime, with a
mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings.
Shak.
Rough"cast`er (?), n. One who
roughcasts.
Rough"draw` (?), v. t. To draw
or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.
Rough"dry` (?), v. t. in
laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.
Rough"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Roughened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Roughening.] [From
Rough.] To make rough.
Rough"en, v. i. To grow or become
rough.
Rough"-foot`ed (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Feather-footed; as, a
rough-footed dove. [R.]
Sherwood.
Rough"-grained (?), a. Having a
rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits
of character; not polished; brisque.
Rough"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The redfin.
Rough"hew` (?), v. t. 1.
To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to
roughhew timber.
2. To give the first form or shape to; to form
rudely; to shape appromaxitely and rudely; to roughcast.
There's a divinity that shapes our ends,
Roughhew them how we will.
Shak.
Rough"hew`er (?), n. One who
roughhews.
Rough"hewn` (?), a. 1.
Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not
polished.
2. Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated;
rough-grained. \'bdA roughhewn seaman.\'b8
Bacon.
Rough"ing-in` (?), n. The first
coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying
it.
Rough"ings (?), n. pl.
Rowen. [Prov. Eng.]
Rough"ish, a. Somewhat rough.
Rough"leg` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large
hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs
feathered to the toes. Called also rough-legged
hawk, and rough-legged
buzzard.
Archibuteo
lagopus of Northern Europe, with its darker American
variety (Sancti-johannis). The latter is often nearly
or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg (Archibuteo
ferrugineus) inhabits Western North America.
Rough"-legged` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the legs covered with feathers;
-- said of a bird.
rough-legged hawk. (Zo\'94l.) See
Roughleg.
Rough"ly, adv. In a rough manner;
unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely.
Rough"ness, n. The quality or state of
being rough.
Rough"rid`er (?), n. One who
breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned
officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the
riding master.
Rough"scuff (?), n.
[Rough + scuff.] A rough,
coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the
rabble; the riffraff. [Colloq. U.S.]
Rough"set`ter (?), n. A mason
who builds rough stonework.
Rough"shod (?), a. Shod with
shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod
horse.
To ride roughshod, to pursue a course
regardless of the pain or distress it may cause others.
<-- usu. with "over" -->
Rough"strings` (?), n. pl.
(Capr.) Pieces of undressed timber put under the
steps of a wooden stair for their support.
Rought (?), obs.
imp. of Reach.
Rought, obs. imp. of
Reck, to care.
Chaucer.
Rough"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of small ground snakes of
the family Uropeltid\'91; -- so called from their
rough tails.
Rough"work` (?), v. t. To work
over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or
finish.
Moxon.
Rough"wrought` (?), a. Wrought
in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely.
Rouk (?), v. i. See 5th
Ruck, and Roke. [Obs.]
\'d8Rou`lade" (?), n.
[F.] (Mus.) A smoothly running passage
of short notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped,
sung upon one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios.
\'d8Rou`leau" (?), n.; pl. F.
Rouleaux (F. /; E. /), E.
Rouleaus (#). [F., a roll, dim.
fr. fr. r\'93le, formerly also spelt
roulle. See Roll.] A little roll;
a roll of coins put up in paper, or something resembling such a
roll.
Rou*lette" (?), n. [F.,
properly, a little wheel or ball. See Rouleau,
Roll.] 1. A game of chance, in which
a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided
off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops
indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the
game.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) A small
toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to
order to produce rows of dots. (b) A similar
wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making
alterations in a mezzotint.
3. (Geom.) the curve traced by any point
in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without
sliding, over another fixed curve. See Cycloid, and
Epycycloid.
Rou"ly-pou`ly (?), n. See
Rolly-pooly.
{ Roun, Rown (?) }, v.
i. & t. [AS. r/nian, fr. r/n
a rune, secret, mystery; akin to G. raunen to whisper.
See Rune.] To whisper.
[obs.]
Gower.
Another rouned to his fellow low.
Chaucer.
Rounce (?), n. [Cf. F.
ronce bramble, brier, thorn, ranche a
round, step, rack, or E. round.]
(Print.) The handle by which the bed of a hand
press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen
and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by
which the form is moved under the platen.
Roun"ce*val (?), a. [F.
Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at the foot of
the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.]
Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at
Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes.
[Obs.]
Roun"ce*val, n. A giant; anything large;
a kind of pea called also marrowfat.
[Obs.]
Roun"cy (?), n. A common
hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.]
he rode upon a rouncy as he could.
Chaucer.
Round (?), v. i. & t. [From
Roun.] To whisper. [obs.]
Shak. Holland.
The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, \'bdYe
are not a wise man,\'b8 . . . he rounded likewise to
the bishop, and said, \'bdWherefore brought ye me here?\'b8
Calderwood.
Round, a. [OF. roond,
roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L.
rotundus, fr. rota wheel. See
Rotary, and cf. Rotund, roundel,
Rundlet.] 1. Having every portion of
the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the
center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a
spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a
round ball. \'bdThe big, round
tears.\'b8
Shak.
Upon the firm opacous globe
Of this round world.
Milton.
2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical;
as, the barrel of a musket is round.
3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one
like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the
surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or
pointed; as, a round arch; round
hills. \'bdTheir round haunches gored.\'b8
Shak.
4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional;
approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; --
said of numbers.
Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather
than the fraction.
Arbuthnot.
5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous;
free; as, a round price.
Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good round sum.
Shak.
Round was their pace at first, but slackened
soon.
Tennyson.
6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a
round voice; a round note.
7. (Phonetics) Modified, as a vowel, by
contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less
round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to
Pronunciation,
8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved;
unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a
round oath. \'bdThe round
assertion.\'b8
M. Arnold.
Sir Toby, I must be round with you.
Shak.
9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or
abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with
reference to their style. [Obs.]
In his satires Horace is quick, round, and
pleasant.
Peacham.
10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied
to conduct.
Round dealing is the honor of man's nature.
Bacon.
At a round rate, rapidly.
Dryden. -- In round numbers,
approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, etc.; as, a
bin holding 99 or 101 bushels may be said to hold in round
numbers 100 bushels. -- Round bodies
(Geom.), the sphere right cone, and right
cylinder. -- Round clam (Zo\'94l.),
the quahog. -- Round dance one which is
danced by couples with a whirling or revolving motion, as the
waltz, polka, etc. -- Round game, a game, as
of cards, in which each plays on his own account. --
Round hand, a style of penmanship in which the
letters are formed in nearly an upright position, and each
separately distinct; -- distinguished from running
hand. -- Round robin. [Perhaps F.
round round + ruban ribbon.]
(a) A written petition, memorial, remonstrance,
protest, etc., the signatures to which are made in a circle so as
not to indicate who signed first. \'bdNo round
robins signed by the whole main deck of the Academy or the
Porch.\'b8 De Quincey. (b)
(Zo\'94l.) The cigar fish. -- Round
shot, a solid spherical projectile for ordnance.
-- Round Table, the table about which sat King
Arthur and his knights. See Knights of the Round
Table, under Knight. -- Round
tower, one of certain lofty circular stone towers,
tapering from the base upward, and usually having a conical cap
or roof, which crowns the summit, -- found chiefly in Ireland.
They are of great antiquity, and vary in heigh from thirty-five
to one hundred and thiry feet. -- Round trot,
one in which the horse throws out his feet roundly; a full,
brisk, quick trot. Addison. -- Round
turn (Naut.), one turn of a rope round a
timber, a belaying pin, etc. -- To bring up with a
round turn, to stop abruptly.
[Colloq.]
Syn. -- Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular;
orbed; cylindrical; full; plump; rotund.
Round (?), n. 1.
Anything round, as a circle, / globe, a ring. \'bdThe
golden round\'b8 [the crown].
Shak.
In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled.
Milton.
2. A series of changes or events ending where it
began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle;
a periodical revolution; as, the round of the
seasons; a round of pleasures.
3. A course of action or conduct performed by a
number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in
a circle.
Women to cards may be compared: we play
A round or two; which used, we throw away.
Granville.
The feast was served; the bowl was crowned;
To the king's pleasure went the mirthful round.
Prior.
4. A series of duties or tasks which must be
performed in turn, and then repeated.
the trivial round, the common task.
Keble.
5. A circular dance.
Come, knit hands, and beat the ground,
In a light fantastic round.
Milton.
6. That which goes round a whole circle or company;
as, a round of applause.
7. Rotation, as in office; succession.
Holyday.
8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a
crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair.
All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise.
Dryden.
9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a
beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the
act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round;
the rounds of the postman.
10. (Mil.) (a) A walk performed
by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or
among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all
things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who
performs this duty; -- usually in the plural. (b)
A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which
each soldier fires once. (c) Ammunition for
discharging a piece or pieces once; as, twenty
rounds of ammunition were given out.
11. (Mus.) A short vocal piece,
resembling a catch in which three or four voices follow each
other round in a species of canon in the unison.
12. The time during which prize fighters or boxers
are in actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by
their rules; a bout.
13. A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is
concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole.
14. A vessel filled, as for drinking.
[R.]
15. An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a
round of politicians.
Addison.
16. (Naut.) See Roundtop.
17. Same as Round of beef,
below.
<-- 18. A complete set of plays in a game or contest covering a
standard number of individual plays or parts; as, a round of
golf, a round of tennis. Sim. to def. 3, without the seating.
19. One set of games in a tournament. -->
Gentlemen of the round. (a) Gentlemen
soldiers of low rank who made the rounds. See 10
(a), above. (b) Disbanded soldiers who
lived by begging. [Obs.]
Worm-eaten gentlemen of the round, such as have
vowed to sit on the skirts of the city, let your provost and his
half dozen of halberdiers do what they can.
B. Jonson.
-- Round of beef, the part of the thigh below the
aitchbone, or between the rump and the leg. See
Illust. of beef. -- Round steak,
a beefsteak cut from the round. -- Sculpture in the
round, sculpture giving the full form, as of man;
statuary, distinguished from relief.
<-- p. 1255 -->
Round, adv. 1. On all sides;
around.
Round he throws his baleful eyes.
Milton.
2. Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by
revolving or reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head
round; a wheel turns round.
3. In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches
round.
4. From one side or party to another; as to come or
turn round, -- that is, to change sides or
opinions.
5. By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the
direct course; back to the starting point.
6. Through a circle, as of friends or houses.
The invitations were sent round accordingly.
Sir W. Scott.
7. Roundly; fully; vigorously.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
All round, over the whole place; in every
direction. -- All-round, of general capacity;
as, an all-round man.
[Colloq.] -- To bring one round.
(a) To cause one to change his opinions or line of
conduct. (b) To restore one to health.
[Colloq.]
Round (?), prep. On every side
of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the
people atood round him; to go round the city;
to wind a cable round a windlass.
The serpent Error twines round human hearts.
Cowper.
Round about, an emphatic form for
round or about. \'bdMoses . . . set them
[The elders] round about the tabernacle.\'b8 Num.
xi. 24. -- To come round, to gain the consent
of, or circumvent, (a person) by flattery or deception.
[Colloq.]
Round, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rounding.] 1. To make
circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex
figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to
round the edges of anything.
Worms with many feet, which round themselves into
balls, are bred chiefly under logs of timber.
Bacon.
The figures on our modern medals are raised and
rounded to a very great perfection.
Addison.
2. To surround; to encircle; to encompass.
The inclusive verge
Of golden metal that must round my brow.
Shak.
3. To bring to fullness or completeness; to
complete; hence, to bring to a fit conclusion.
We are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.
Shak.
4. To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a
corner or point); as, to round a corner; to
round Cape Horn.
5. To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to
round periods in writing.
Swift.
To round in (Naut.) To haul up;
usually, to haul the slack of (a rope) through its leading block,
or to haul up (a tackle which hangs loose) by its fall.
Totten. (b) To collect together (cattle) by
riding around them, as on cattle ranches<-- round up -->.
[Western U.S.]
Round, v. i. 1. To grow round
or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness, or
perfection.
The queen your mother rounds apace.
Shak.
So rounds he to a separate mind,
From whence clear memory may begin.
Tennyson.
2. To go round, as a guard.
[Poetic]<-- = make the rounds -->
They . . . nightly rounding walk.
Milton.
3. To go or turn round; to wheel about.
Tennyson.
To round to (Naut.), to turn the
head of a ship toward the wind.
Round"a*bout` (?), a. 1.
Circuitous; going round; indirect; as,
roundabout speech.
We have taken a terrible roundabout road.
Burke.
2. Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive.
\'bdLarge, sound, roundabout sense.\'b8
Locke.
Round"a*bout`, n. 1. A
horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on
which children ride; a merry-go-round.
Smart.
2. A dance performed in a circle.
Goldsmith.
3. A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors,
etc.
4. A state or scene of constant change, or of
recurring labor and vicissitude.
Cowper.
Round"a*bout`ness, n. The quality of
being roundabout; circuitousness.
Round"-arm` (?), a.
(Cricket) Applied to the method delivering the
ball in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally.
R. A. Proctor.
Round"-backed` (?), a. Having a
round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.
Round"ed, a. (Phonetics)
Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized;
labial. See Guide to Pronunciation,
Roun"del (?), n. [OF.
rondel a roundelay, F. rondel,
rondeau, a dim. fr. rond; for sense 2, cf.
F. rondelle a round, a round shield. See
Round, a., and cf. Rondel,
Rondelay.] 1. (Mus.) A
rondelay. \'bdSung all the roundel lustily.\'b8
Chaucer.
Come, now a roundel and a fairy song.
Shak.
2. Anything having a round form; a round figure; a
circle.
The Spaniards, casting themselves into roundels, .
. . made a flying march to Calais.
Bacon.
Specifically: (a) A small circular shield,
sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. (b)
(Her.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a
small circle. (c) (Fort.) A
bastion of a circular form.
Round"e*lay (?), n. [OF.
rondelet, dim. of rondel. See
Roundel, Roundeau, and cf. Roundlet,
Rundlet.] 1. (Poetry) See
Rondeau, and Rondel.
2. (Mus.) (a) A tune in which a
simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural strain which is
short and lively. Spenser. Tennyson. (b)
A dance in a circle.
3. Anything having a round form; a roundel.
Round"er (?), n. 1.
One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or
regularly.
2. A tool for making an edge or surface
round.
3. pl. An English game somewhat
resembling baseball; also, another English game resembling the
game of fives, but played with a football.
Now we play rounders, and then we played prisoner's
base.
Bagehot.
Round"fish (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any ordinary market fish,
exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut, and other
flatfishes. (b) A lake whitefish
(Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed than the
common species. It is very abundant in British America and
Alaska.
Round"head` (?), n. (Eng.
Hist.) A nickname for a Puritan. See
Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted
Names in Fiction.
Toone.
Round"head`ed, a. Having a round head or
top.
Round"house` (?), n. 1.
A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station
house. [Obs.]
2. (Naut.) (a) A cabin or
apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop
for its roof; -- sometimes called the
coach. (b) A privy near
the bow of the vessel.
3. A house for locomotive engines, built circularly
around a turntable.
Round"ing, a. Round or nearly round;
becoming round; roundish.
Round"ing, n. 1. (Naut.)
Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a
rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also
service.
2. (Phonetics) Modifying a speech sound
by contraction of the lip opening; labializing; labialization.
See Guide to Pronunciation,
Round"ish, a. Somewhat round; as, a
roundish seed; a roundish figure. --
Round"ish*ness, n.
Round"let (?), n. A little
circle.
J. Gregory.
Round"ly, adv. 1. In a round
form or manner.
2. Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply.
He affirms everything roundly.
Addison.
3. Briskly; with speed.
locke.
Two of the outlaws walked roundly forward.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Completely; vigorously; in earnest.
Shak.
5. Without regard to detail; in gross;
comprehensively; generally; as, to give numbers
roundly.
In speaking roundly of this period.
H. Morley.
Round"ness, n. 1. The quality
or state of being round in shape; as, the roundness
of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a
column, etc.
2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the
roundness of a period; the roundness of a note;
roundness of tone.
3. Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness;
as, the roundness of an assertion.
Syn. -- Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity;
globularness; orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness; plumpness;
rotundity.
Round"ridge` (?), v. t.
(Agric.) To form into round ridges by
plowing.
B. Edwards.
Round"-shoul`dered (?), a.
Having the shoulders stooping or projecting;
round-backed.
Rounds"man (?), n.; pl.
Roundsmen (/). A patrolman;
also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the
patrolmen.
Round"top` (?), n.
(Naut.) A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so
called because formerly round in shape.
Round"-up` (?), n. The act of
collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by riding
around them and driving them in. [Western
U.S.]
Roun"dure (?; 135), n. [Cf.
Rondure.] Roundness; a round or circle.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Round"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A nematoid worm.
Round"y (?), a. Round.
[Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Roup (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. AS.
hr/pan to cry out, G. rufen, Goth.
hr/pian. Cf. Roop.] To cry or
shout; hence, to sell by auction. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Roup, n. 1. An outcry; hence, a
sale of gods by auction. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was
over.
J. C. Shairp.
2. A disease in poultry. See Pip.
Rous"ant (?), a. (her.)
Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising;
also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.
Rouse (rouz , v. i. & t.
[Perhaps the same word as rouse to start up,
\'bdbuckle to.\'b8] (Naut.) To pull or haul
strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance
of mechanical appliances.
Rouse (rouz), n. [Cf. D.
roes drunkeness, icel. r/ss, Sw.
rus, G. rauchen, and also E.
rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf. Row a
disturbance.] 1. A bumper in honor of a toast
or health. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.
Fill the cup, and fill the can,
Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.
Rouse, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Roused (rouzd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rousing.] [Probably of Scan.
origin; cf. Sw. rusa to rush, Dan. ruse,
AS. hre\'a2san to fall, rush. Cf. Rush,
v.] 1. To cause to start from a
covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or
other animal of the chase.
Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes.
Spenser.
Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening
hound.
Pope.
2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to
rouse one early or suddenly.
3. To excite to lively thought or action from a
state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as,
to rouse the faculties, passions, or
emotions.
To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in
Christendom.
Atterbury.
4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea.
Milton.
5. To raise; to make erect.
[Obs.]
Spenser. Shak.
Rouse, v. i. 1. To get or start
up; to rise. [Obs.]
Night's black agents to their preys do rouse.
Shak.
2. To awake from sleep or repose.
Morpheus rouses from his bed.
Pope.
3. To be exited to thought or action from a state
of indolence or inattention.
Rous"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rouses.
2. Something very exciting or great.
[Colloq.]
3. (Brewing) A stirrer in a copper for
boiling wort.
Rous"ing (?), a. 1.
Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.
I begin to feel
Some rousing motions in me.
Milton.
2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a
rousing fire; a rousing lie.
[Colloq.]
Rous"ing*ly, adv. In a rousing
manner.
Rous*sette" (?), n. [F.; -- so
called in allusion to the color. See Russet.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A fruit bat, especially
the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the
islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the
expanded wings.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any small shark of the
genus Scyllium; -- called also
dogfish. See Dogfish.
Roust (roust), v. t. To rouse;
to disturb; as, to roust one out.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Roust, n. [Cf. Icel. r\'94st
an estuary.] A strong tide or current, especially in a
narrow channel. [Written also rost, and
roost.]
Jamieson.
Roust"a*bout` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a
river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and
the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives
by chance jobs. [Western U.S.]
Rout (rout), v. i. [AS.
hr.] To roar; to bellow; to snort;
to snore loudly. [Obs. or Scot.]
Chaucer.
Rout, n. A bellowing; a shouting; noise;
clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult.
Shak.
This new book the whole world makes such a rout
about.
Sterne.
\'bdMy child, it is not well,\'b8 I said,
\'bdAmong the graves to shout;
To laugh and play among the dead,
And make this noisy rout.\'b8
Trench.
Rout, v. t. [A variant of
root.] To scoop out with a gouge or other
tool; to furrow.
To rout out (a) To turn up to view,
as if by rooting; to discover; to find. (b) To
turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people
out of bed. [Colloq.]
Rout, v. i. To search or root in the
ground, as a swine.
Edwards.
Rout, n. [OF. route, LL.
rupta, properly, a breaking, fr. L. ruptus,
p.p. of rumpere to break. See Rupture,
reave, and cf. Rote repetition of forms,
Route. In some senses this word has been confused with
rout a bellowing, an uproar.] [Formerly
spelled also route.] 1. A troop;
a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company
or throng. [Obs.] \'bdA route of
ratones [rats].\'b8 Piers Plowman. \'bdA great solemn
route.\'b8 Chaucer.
And ever he rode the hinderest of the route.
Chaucer.
A rout of people there assembled were.
Spenser.
2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence,
the rabble; the herd of common people.
the endless routs of wretched thralls.
Spenser.
The ringleader and head of all this rout.
Shak.
Nor do I name of men the common rout.
Milton.
3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into
confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in
pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of
defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of
the enemy was complete.
thy army . . .
Dispersed in rout, betook them all to fly.
Daniel.
To these giad conquest, murderous rout to
those.
pope.
4. (Law) A disturbance of the peace by
persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if
executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion
toward the executing thereof.
Wharton.
5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening
party. \'bdAt routs and dances.\'b8
Landor.
To put to rout, to defeat and throw into
confusion; to overthrow and put to flight.
Rout, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Routing.] To break the ranks of, as
troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout.
That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally
routed and defeated their whole army, that they
fied.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.
Rout, v. i. To assemble in a crowd,
whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company.
[obs.]
Bacon.
In all that land no Christian[s] durste route.
Chaucer.
Route (r,
n. [OE. & F. route, OF.
rote, fr. L. rupta (sc. via),
fr. ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break;
hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See
Rout, and cf. Rut a track.] The
course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a
passing; a course; a road or path; a march.
Wide through the furzy field their route they
take.
Gay.
Rout"er (?), n. (Carp.)
(a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the
inside edges of circular sashes. (b) A plane
with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing
the bottom of a cavity.
Routhe (?), n. Ruth;
sorrow. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rou"ti*na*ry (?), a. Involving,
or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary.
[R.]
Emerson.
Rou*tine" (?), n. [F., fr.
route a path, way, road. See Route,
Roterepetition.] 1. A round of
business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued;
especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly or
frequently returning.
2. Any regular course of action or procedure
rigidly adhered to by the mere force of habit.
Rou*tin""ism (?), n. the
practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical
regularity.
Rou*tin"ist, n. One who habituated to a
routine.
Rout"ish (?), a. Uproarious;
riotous. [Obs.]
Rout"ous*ly (?), adv.
(Law) With that violation of law called a rout.
See 5th Rout, 4.
\'d8Roux (?), n. [F. beurre
roux brown butter.] (Cookery) A
thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies.
<-- p. 1256 -->
Rove (?), v. t. [perhaps fr. or
akin to reeve.] 1. To draw through
an eye or aperture.
2. To draw out into falkes; to card, as wool.
Jamieson.
3. To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers
of wool or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning.
Rove (?), n. 1. A
copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat
building.
2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and
/lighty twisted, preparatory to futher process; a roving.
Rove, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Roved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Roving.] [Cf. D. rooven to
rob; akin to E. reave. See Reave Rob.]
1. To practice robbery on the seas;to wander about
on the seas in piracy. [Obs.]
Hakluyt.
2. Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go,
move, or pass without certain direction in any manner, by
sailing, walking, riding, flying, or otherwise.
For who has power to walk has power to rove.
Arbuthnot.
3. (Archery) To shoot at rovers; hence,
to shoot at an angle of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers
usually being beyond the point-blank range).
Fair Venusson that with thy cruel dart
At that good knoght cunningly didst rove.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll.
Rove, v. t. 1. To wander over
or through.
Roving the field, i chanced
A goodly tree far distant to behold.
milton.
2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two
furrows together.
Rove, n. The act of wandering; a
ramble.
In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt.
Young.
Rove beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous species of beetles of the family
Staphylinid\'91, having short elytra beneath which the
wings are folded transversely. They are rapid runners, and
seldom fly.
Rov"er (?), n. [D.
roover a robber. See Rove, v.
i.] 1. One who practices robbery on the
seas; a pirate.
Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for scouring
the seas, and taking from the rovers 846 sail of
ships.
Holland.
2. One who wanders about by sea or land; a
wanderer; a rambler.
3. Hence, a fickle, inconstant person.
4. (Croquet) A ball which has passed
through all the hoops and would go out if it hit the stake but is
continued in play; also, the player of such a ball.
5. (Archery) (a) Casual marks
at uncertain distances.
Encyc. Brit.
(b) A sort of arrow. [Obs.]
All sorts, flights, rovers, and butt shafts.
B. Jonson.
At rovers, at casual marks; hence, at random;
as, shooting at rovers. See def. 5 (a)
above. Addison.
Bound down on every side with many bands because it shall not
run at rovers.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Rov"ing, n. 1. The operatin of
forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or roll of wool or
cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called a
roving frame, or roving machine.
2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and
slightly twisted; a rove. See 2d Rove, 2.
Roving frame, Roving
machine, a machine for drawing and twisting
roves and twisting roves and winding them on bobbin for the
spinning machine.
Rov"ing, n. The act of one who roves or
wanders.
Rov"ing*ly, adv. In a wandering
manner.
Rov"ing*ness, n. The state of
roving.
Row (?), a. & adv. [See
Rough.] Rough; stern; angry.
[Obs.] \'bdLock he never so row.\'b8
Chaucer.
Row, n. [Abbrev. fr. rouse,
n.] A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a
brawl. [Colloq.]
Byron.
Row (?), n. [OE.
rowe, rawe, rewe, AS.
r\'bew, r/w; probably akin to D.
rij, G. reihe; cf. Skr.
r/kh\'be a line, stroke.] A series of
persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a
file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses
or columns.
And there were windows in three rows.
1 Kings vii. 4.
The bright seraphim in burning row.
Milton.
Row culture (Agric.), the practice
of cultivating crops in drills. -- Row of points
(Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in number,
as the points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a
line.
Row (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Rowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rowing.] [AS.
r/wan; akin to D. roeijen, MHG.
r\'81ejen, Dan. roe, Sw. ro,
Icel. r/a, L. remus oar, Gr. /, Skr.
aritra. Rudder.]
1. To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along
the surface of water; as, to row a boat.
2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars;
as, to row the captain ashore in his
barge.
Row, v. i. 1. To use the oar;
as, to row well.
2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat
rows easily.
Row, n. The act of rowing; excursion in
a rowboat.
Row"a*ble (?), a. That may be
rowed, or rowed upon. \'bdThat long barren fen, once
rowable.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Row"an (?), n. Rowan
tree.
Rowan barry, a barry of the rowan
tree.
Row"an tree` (?). [Cf. Sw.
r\'94nn, Dan. r\'94nne, Icel.
reynir, and L. ornus.]
(Bot.) A european tree (Pyrus
aucuparia) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves
and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright
red berries. Called also roan tree, and
mountain ash. The name is also applied to two
American trees of similar habit (Pyrus Americana, and
P. sambucifolia).
Row"boat` (?), n. A boat
designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails.
Row"dy (?), n.; pl.
Rowdies (#). [From Rout,
or Row a brawl.] One who engages in rows, or noisy
quarrels; a ruffianly fellow.
M. Arnold.
Row"dy*dow (?), n. Hubbub;
uproar. [Vulgar]
Row"dy*dow`dy (?), a.
Uproarious. [Vulgar]
Row"dy*ish, a. Resembling a rowdy in
temper or conduct; characteristic of a rowdy.
Row"dy*ism (?), n. the conduct
of a rowdy.
Rowed (?), a. Formed into a
row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a
twelve-rowed ear of corn.
Row"el (?), n. [OF.
roele, rouele, properly, a little wheel, F.
rouelle collop, slice, LL. rotella a little
wheel, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll, and
cf. Rota.] 1. The little wheel of a
spur, with sharp points.
With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood.
Cowper.
2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses'
bits.
The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit.
Spenser.
3. (Far.) A roll of hair, silk, etc.,
passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human
surgery.
Row"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Roweled (?) or Rowelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Roweling or
Rowelling.] (Far.) To insert
a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a
horse).
Mortimer.
Row"el bone` (?). See rewel
bone. [Obs.]
Row"en (?), n. [Cf. E.
rough, OE. row, rowe.]
[Called also rowet, rowett,
rowings, roughings.]
1. A stubble field left unplowed till late in the
autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle.
Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens
till snow comes.
Mortimer.
2. The second growth of grass in a season;
aftermath. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Row"er (?), n. One who rows
with an oar.
Row"ett (?), n. See
Rowen.
Row"lock (? colloq. /),
n. [For oarlock; AS.
\'b5rloc, where the second part is skin to G.
loch a hole, E. lock a fastening. See
Oar, and Lock.] (Naut.) A
contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in
rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a
boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on
the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing
through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the
gunwale and suporting the oar.
Rown (?), v. i. & t. see
Roun. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Row"port (?), n. (Naut.)
An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the
surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather.
Rox"burgh (?; Scot. /), n.
[From the third duke of Roxburgh (Scotland), a
noted book collector who had his books so bound.] A
style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the
sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and
bottom left uncut.
Roy (roi), n. [F.
roi.] A king. [obs.]
Roy, a. Royal. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Roy"al (?), a. [OE.
roial, riall, real, OF.
roial. reial, F. royal, fr. L.
regalis, fr. rex, regis, king.
See Rich, and cf. regal, real a coin,
Rial.] 1. Kingly; pertaining to the
crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal;
as, royal power or prerogative; royal
domains; the royal family; royal
state.
2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely.
How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio?
Shak.
3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a
charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal
Academy of Arts; the Royal Society.
Battle royal. See under Battle.
-- Royal bay (Bot.), the classic laurel
(Laurus nobilis.) -- Royal eagle.
(Zo\'94l.) See Golden eagle, under
Golden. -- Royal fern (Bot.),
the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. See
Osmund. -- Royal mast
(Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast
and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal
yard and royal sail are attached to the royal
mast. -- Royal metal, an old name for
gold. -- Royal palm (Bot.), a
magnificent West Indian palm tree (Oreodoxa regia),
lately discovered also in Florida. -- Royal
pheasant. See Curassow. -- Royal
purple, an intense violet color, verging toward
blue. -- Royal tern (Zo\'94l.), a
large, crested American tern (Sterna maxima). --
Royal tiger. (Zo\'94l.) See
Tiger. -- Royal touch, the touching
of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of
restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced,
particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil.
Syn. -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike;
princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble;
magnanimous.
Roy"al, n. 1. Printing and
writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper,
n.
2. (Naut.) A small sail immediately
above the topgallant sail.
Totten.
3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the upper or distal
branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the
antlers of a stag.
4. (Gun.) A small mortar.
5. (Mil.) One of the soldiers of the
first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the
Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in
Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots.
6. An old English coin. See Rial.
Roy"al*et (?), n. A petty or
powerless king. [R.]
there were at this time two other royalets, as only
kings by his leave.
Fuller.
Roy"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
royalisme.] the principles or conduct of
royalists.
Roy"al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
royaliste.] An adherent of a king (as of
Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one
attached to monarchical government.
Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed.
Waller.
Roy`al*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of making loyal to a king. [R.]
Saintsbury.
Roy"al*ize (?), v. t. to make
royal.
Shak.
Roy"al*ly (?), adv. In a royal
or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.
His body shall be royally interred.
Dryden.
Roy"al*ty (?), n.; pl.
Royalties (#). [OF.
roialt\'82, royault\'82, F.
royaut\'82. See Royal, and cf.
Regality.] 1. The state of being
royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship;
kingly office; sovereignty.
Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of
majesty.
Holyday.
2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty;
as, in the presence of royalty.
For thus his royalty doth speak.
Shak.
3. An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural,
meaning regalia. [Obs.]
Wherefore do I assume
These royalties, and not refuse to reign?
Milton.
4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority.
In his royalty of nature
Reigns that which would be fear'd.
Shak.
5. Domain; province; sphere.
Sir W. Scott.
6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a
seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken
from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share;
imperiality.
7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine,
forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to
use the property.
8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a
manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain
rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the
owner of an article by one who hires the use of it.
Royne (roin), v. t. [F.
rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip, pare,
scare, fr. L. rotundus round See
Rotund.] To bite; to gnaw.
[Written also roin.]
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Royn"ish, a. [F. rogneux,
from rogne scab, mange, itch.] Mangy;
scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written
also roinish.] [Obs.] \'bdThe
roynish clown.\'b8
Shak.
{ Roys"ter (?), Roys"ter*er
(?) }, n. same as
Roister, Roisterer.
Roys"ton crow` (?). [So called from
Royston, a town in England.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Hooded crow, under
Hooded.
Roy"te*let (?), n. [F.
roitelet, dim. of roi king.] A
little king. [Archaic]
Heylin. Bancroft.
Roy"tish (?), a. [Prob. for
riotish, from riot, like Scot.
roytous for riotous.] Wild;
irregular. [Obs.]
Rub (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Rubbed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rubbing.] [Probably of Celtic
origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.]
1. To subject (a body) to the action of something
moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to
the action of something moving back and forth; as, to
rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with
sandpaper.
It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to
rub the body with a coarse linen cloth.
Sir T. Elyot.
2. To move over the surface of (a body) with
pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat
rubs the ground.
3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and
friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over
the body.
Two bones rubbed hard against one another.
Arbuthnot.
4. To spread a substance thinly over; to
smear.
The smoothed plank, . . .
New rubbed with balm.
Milton.
5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to
cleanse; -- often with up or over; as,
to rub up silver.
The whole business of our redemption is to rub over
the defaced copy of the creation.
South.
6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart.
[R.]
'T is the duke's pleasure,
Whose disposition, all the world well knows,
Will not be rubbed nor stopped.
Shak.
To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing;
to comb or curry; as, to down a horse.
(b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub
down the rough points. -- To rub off, to
clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as,
to rub off rust. -- To rub out,
to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate;
as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a
stain. -- To rub up. (a) To
burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to
awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the
memory.
Rub, v. i. 1. To move along the
surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel
rubs against the gatepost.
2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon
a sore.
3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to
rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through
the world.
To rub along or on, to
go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy,
to rub along. [Colloq.]
Rub, n. [Cf. W. rhwb. See
Rub, v,t,] 1. The act of rubbing;
friction.
2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or
obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an
impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to
overcome; a pinch.
Every rub is smoothed on our way.
Shak.
To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the
rub.
Shak.
Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit
to demur.
Hayward.
One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might
have been ordained for us by a wise Providence.
W. Besant.
3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the
game of bowls; unevenness.
Shak.
4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm;
joke; as, a hard rub.
5. Imperfection; failing; fault.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
6. A chance. [Obs.]
Flight shall leave no Greek a rub.
Chapman.
7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting
tools; a whetstone; -- called also
rubstone.
Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body,
against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.
Rub"a-dub (?), n. The sound of
a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated
sound; a clatter.
The rubadub of the abolition presses.
D. Webster.
<-- p. 1257 -->
\'d8Ru*ba"to (?), a.
[It.] Robbed; borrowed.
\'d8Temple rubato. [It.]
(Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a style
of performance in which some tones are held longer than their
legitimate time, while others are proportionally
curtailed.
Rub"bage (?; 48), n.
Rubbish. [Obs.]
Rub"ber (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: (a)
An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or
cleaning. (b) A coarse file, or the rough
part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a
rubstone. (d) An eraser, usually made of
caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an electrical
machine. (f) One who performs massage,
especially in a Turkish bath. (g) Something
that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the
feelings; a sarcasm; a rub.
Thackeray.
2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the
third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players;
as, to play the rubber; also, a contest
determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to
play a rubber of whist.
Beaconsfield. \'bdA rubber of cribbage.\'b8
Dickens.
3. India rubber; caoutchouc.
4. An overshoe made of India rubber.
[Colloq.]
<-- 5. A condom. [Colloq.] -->
Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of
vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony
sulphide as an important constituent. -- Hard
rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly
resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc. -- India
rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc. --
Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for
excluding water or moisture. -- Rubber dam
(Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped
around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.
Rub"bidge (?), n.
Rubbish. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Rub"bing, a. & n. from Rub,
v.
Rub"bish (?), n. [OE.
robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old
French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably
in the sense of trash; cf. It. robaccia trash,
roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus, etymologically
rubbish is the pl. of rubble. See
Robe, and cf. Rubble.] Waste or
rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash;
especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings;
ruins; d\'82bris.
What rubbish and what offal!
Shak.
he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie.
Dryden.
Rubbish pulley. See Gin block,
under Gin.
Rub"bish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy.
De Quincey.
Rub"ble (?), n. [From an
assumed Old French dim. of robe See
Rubbish.] 1. Water-worn or rough
broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to
fill up between the facing courses of walls.
Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a
quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion
of a mass of stone; brash.
Brande & C.
3. (Geol.) A mass or stratum of
fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the
neighboring rock.
Lyell.
4. pl. The whole of the bran of wheat
before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc.
[Prov.Eng.]
Simmonds.
Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which
courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain
heights.
Rub"ble*stone` (?), n. See
Rubble, 1 and 2.
Rub"ble*work` (?), n. Masonry
constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and
shape.
Rub"bly (?), a. Relating to, or
containing, rubble.
Ru*bed"i*nous (?), a. [L.
rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be
red.] Reddish. [R.]
M. Stuart.
Ru`be*fa"cient (?), a. [L.
rubefaciens, p.pr. of rubefacere to make
red; rubere to be red + facere to
make.] Making red. -- n.
(Med.) An external application which produces
redness of the skin.
Ru`be*fac"tion (?), n. The act
or process of making red.
Ru"be*let (r,
n. A little ruby.
Herrick.
\'d8Ru*bel"la (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.) An
acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption
resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms;
-- called also German measles.
Ru*bell" (?), n. [L.
rubellus reddish.] A red color used in
enameling.
Weale.
Ru"bel*lite (?), n. [L.
rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.]
(Min.) A variety of tourmaline varying in color
from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.
\'d8Ru*be"o*la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.)
(a) the measles. (b)
Rubella.
Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic (?), a. [L.
ruber red + erythrin.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance
from which alizarin is obtained.
Ru*bes"cence (?), n. The
quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.
Ru*bes"cent (?), a. [L.
rubescens, -entis, p.pr. of
rubescere to grow red, v. incho from rubere
to be red: cf. F. rubescent. See Ruby.]
Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.
Ru`bi*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural
order of plants (Rubiace\'91) named after the madder
(Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred
and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are
the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine,
the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible
fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants
noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.
Ru"bi*a*cin (?), n. [L.
rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.]
(Chem) A substance found in madder root, and
probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.
Ru"bi*an (?), n. [L.
rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.]
(Chem.) One of several color-producing glycosides
found in madder root.
Ru`bi*an"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian;
specifically, designating an acid called also
ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]
Ru" bi*ble (?), n. A
ribble. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ru"bi*can (?), a. [F.]
Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of
white or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses.
Smart.
Ru"bi*celle (?), n. [Cf. F.
rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L.
rubeus red, reddish.] (Min.) A
variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.
Ru"bi*con (?), n. (Anc.
geog.) A small river which separated Italy from
Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius C\'91sar.
to
pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the
decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise
from which there is no retreat.
Ru"bi*cund (?), a. [L.
rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to
ruber red. See Red.] Inclining to
redness; ruddy; red. \'bdHis rubicund face.\'b8
Longfellow.
Ru`bi*cun"di*ty (?), n. [LL.
rubicunditas.] The quality or state of
being rubicund; ruddiness.
To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs.
Walpole.
Ru*bid"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.
Ru"bi*dine (? , n.
(Chem.) A nitrogenous base homologous with
pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid,
C11H17N; also, any one of the group od metameric
compounds of which rubidine is the type.
Ru*bid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red. So
called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means
of which it was discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena,
Moravia. See Rubicund.] (Chem.) A
rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small
quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft
yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its
properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.
Ru*bif"ic (?), a. [L.
ruber red + facere to make.]
Making red; as, rubific rays.
Grew.
Ru`bi*fca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
rubification.] The act of making red.
Howell.
Ru"bi*form (?), a. [L.
ruber red + -form.] Having the
nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of
the sun. [R.]
Sir I. newton.
Ru"bi*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
rub\'82fier. See Rubific.] To
redden. [R.] \'bdWaters
rubifying.\'b8
Chaucer.
{ Ru*big"i*nose` (?),
Ru*big"i*nous (?) }, a.
[L. rubiginosus, fr. rubigo,
robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.]
(Bot.) Having the appearance or color of iron
rust; rusty-looking.
\'d8Ru*bi"go (?), n. [L.
rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust,
blight.] (bot.) same as Rust,
n., 2.
Ru"bin (?), n. [Cf. LL.
rubinus, It. rubino. See
Ruby.] A ruby. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ru"bi*ous (?), a. [L.
rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See
Rouge.] Red; ruddy. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ru`bi*re"tin (?), n.
[Rubian + Gr. / resin.]
(Chem.) One of the red dye products extracted
from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic
acid.
Ru"ble (?), n. [Russ.
ruble.] The unit of monetary value in
Russia. <-- and, 1917-1992, in the Soviet Union --> It is divided
into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the
five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver
ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also
rouble.]<-- After the severe inflation of
1992-1996, the ruble is now exchanged at 5000 rubles to the
dollar. Th Kopeck is no longer minted or used in trade, the
smallest coin (1996) being the ruble. -->
Ru"bric (?), n. [OE.
rubriche, OF. rubriche, F.
rubrique ( cf. it. rubrica), fr. L.
rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title
of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See
red.] That part of any work in the early
manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish
it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a)
A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date
and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when
printed in red. (b) (Law books)
The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently
written in red letters. Bell. (c)
(Liturgies) The directions and rules for the
conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence,
also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in
the plural.
All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to
observe the rubrics.
Hook.
(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as
by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed.
Cowper.
Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions
before Christianity.
De Quincey.
<-- category, class, classification
under the rubric of, (See def. (b)) in the category of -->
Ru"bric, v. t. To adorn ith red; to
redden; to rubricate. [R.]
Johnson.
{ Ru"bric (?), Ru"bric*al
(?) }, a. 1. Colored in,
or marked with, red; placed in rubrics.
What though my name stood rubric on the walls
Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals?
Pope.
2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics.
\'bdRubrical eccentricities.\'b8
C. Kingsley.
Ru"bri*cate (?), a. [L.
rubricatus p.p. of rubricare to color red.
See Rubric, n.] Marked with
red.
Sp/lmman.
Ru"bri*cate (?), v. t. To mark
or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to
establish in a settled and unchangeable form.
Foxe.
A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to
be classed and rubricated forever after.
Hare.
{ Ru*bri"cian (?), Ru"bri*cist
(?) }, n. One skilled in, or
tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.
Ru*bric"i*ty (?), n.
Redness. [R.]
Rub"stone` (?), n. A stone for
scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.
\'d8Ru"bus (?), n. [L.]
(Bot.) A genus of rosaceous plants, including the
raspberry and blackberry.
Ru"by (?), n.; pl.
Rubies (#). [F. rubis
(cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus,
robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin
to ruber. See Rouge, red.]
1. (Min.) A precious stone of a carmine
red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between
carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of
corundum.
Oriental ruby above
defined, there are the balas ruby, or ruby
spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock
ruby, a red variety of garnet.
<-- artificially produced variants are used in jewelry and in
lasers. -->
Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white.
Chaucer.
2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red
tint.
The natural ruby of your cheeks.
Shak.
3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red
wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.
4. (Print.) See Agate,
n., 2. [Eng.]
5. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of South
American humming birds of the genus Clytol\'91ma. The
males have a ruby-colored throat or breast.
Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of
sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance
of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting
chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; -- called also
ruby sulphur. -- Ruby of zinc
(Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or
sphalerite. -- Ruby silver (Min.),
red silver. See under Red.
Ru"by, a. Ruby-colored; red; as,
ruby lips.
Ru"by, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rubied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rubying.] To make red; to redden.
[R.]
Pope.
Ru"by*tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European gold wasp (Chrysis
ignita) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red,
and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The
larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees.
Ru"by-tailed` (?), a. Having
the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.
Ru"by*throat` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of humming
birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte,
Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the
throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic
reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United
States (Trochilus colubris).
Ru"by*wood` (?), n. red
sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.
Ru*cer"vine (?), a. [NL.
Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL. Rusa a certain
genus of deer (Malay r/sa deer) +
Cervus.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, like, or
pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which
includes the swamp deer of India.
Ruche (?), n. [F.
ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive,
which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W.
rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. rusg
bark, rind.] 1. A plaited, quilled, or
goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, -- used
in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's
dresses and bonnets. [Written also
rouche.]
2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain
oyster spawn.
Ruch"ing, n. A ruche, or ruches
collectively.
Ruck (?), n. A roc.
[Obs. or prov. Eng.]
Drayton.
Ruck, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Rucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rucking.] [Icel hrukkast to
wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.] To draw
into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to
ruck up a carpet.
Smart.
Ruck, n. [Icel. hrukka. Cf.
Ruck, v. t.] A wrinkle or crease
in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.
Ruck, v. i. [Cf. Dan. ruge to
brood, to hatch.] To cower; to huddle together; to
squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Gower. South.
The sheep that rouketh in the fold.
Chaucer.
Ruck, n. [Cf. Ruck.]
1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. &
Scot.]
2. The common sort, whether persons or things;
as, the ruck in a horse race.
[Colloq.]
The ruck in society as a whole.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
Ruc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
ructatio, fr. ructare to belch: cf. F.
ructation.] The act of belching wind.
Ruc"tion (?), n. An uproar; a
quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Rud (?), n. [AS.
rudu, akin to re\'a0d red. Red, and cf. Ruddy.] 1.
Redness; blush. [Obs.]
2. Ruddle; red ocher.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The rudd.
Rud, v. t. To make red.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Rudd (?), n. [See Rud,
n.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water
European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus
erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the
roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body,
and red irises. Called also redeye,
roud, finscale, and
shallow. A blue variety is called
azurine, or blue roach.
Rud"der (?), n. A riddle or
sieve. [Prov. Eng.]
<-- p. 1258 -->
Rud"der (?), n. [OE.
rother, AS. r a paddle; akin
to D. roer rudder, oar, G. ruder, OHG.
roadar, Sw. roder, ror, Dan.
roer, ror. Row to
propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ] 1.
(Naut.) The mechanical appliance by means of
which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad
and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is
fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the
sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from
side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other
attachment.
2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide
or governor; that which guides or governs the course.
For rhyme the rudder is of verses.
Hudibras.
Balance rudder (Naut.), a rudder
pivoted near the middle instead of at the edge, -- common on
sharpies. -- Drop rudder (Naut.),
a rudder extending below the keel so as to be more effective
in steering. -- Rudder chain (Naut.),
one of the loose chains or ropes which fasten the rudder to
the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets unshipped, and
for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is broken.
-- Rudder coat (Naut.), a covering of
tarred canvas used to prevent water from entering the
rudderhole. -- Rudder fish. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The pilot fish. (b) The amber
fish (Seriola zonata), which is bluish having six
broad black bands. (c) A plain greenish black
American fish (Leirus perciformis); -- called also
black rudder fish, logfish,
and barrel fish. The name is also applied to
other fishes which follow vessels. -- Rudder
pendants (Naut.), ropes connected with the
rudder chains.
Rud"der*head` (?), n.
(Naut.) The upper end of the rudderpost, to which
the tiller is attashed.
Rud"der*hole (?), n.
(Naut.) The hole in the deck through which the
rudderpost passes.
Rud"der*less, a. Without a rudder.
Rud"der*post (?), n.
(Naut.) The shank of a rudder, having the blade
at one end and the attachments for operating it at the
other.
Rud"der*stock` (?), n.
(Naut.) The main part or blade of the rudder,
which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of
a vessel.
Rud"died (?), a. Made ruddy or
red.
Rud"di*ly (?), adv. In a ruddy
manner.
Byron.
Rud"di*ness, n. The quality or state of
being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the cheeks or the
sky.
Rud"dle (?), v. t. To raddle or
twist. [Obs.]
Rud"dle, n. A riddle or sieve.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Rud"dle, n. [See Rud; cf.
Reddle.] (Min.) A species of red
earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher.
Rud"dle, v. t. To mark with ruddle; to
raddle; to rouge. \'bdTheir ruddled cheeks.\'b8
Thackeray.
A fair sheep newly ruddled.
Lady M. W. Montagu.
Rud"dock (?), n. [AS.
ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the redbreast.
Rud, n.] [Written
also raddock.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The European robin. \'bdThe tame
ruddock and the coward kite.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A piece of gold money; -- probably because the
gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also
red ruddock, and golden
ruddock. [Obs.]
Great pieces of gold . . . red ruddocks.
Florio.
Rud"dy (?), a.
[Compar. Ruddier (?);
superl. Ruddiest.] [AS.
rudig. See Rud, n.]
1. Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a
ruddy sky; a ruddy flame.
Milton.
They were more ruddy in body than rubies.
Lam. iv. 7.
2. Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the
human skin in high health; as, ruddy cheeks or
lips.
Dryden.
Ruddy duck (Zo\'94l.), an American
duck (Erismatura rubida) having a broad bill and a
wedge-shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult
male is rich brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on
the top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the
cheeks. The female and young male are dull brown mixed with
blackish on the back; grayish below. Called also
dunbird, dundiver,
ruddy diver, stifftail,
spinetail, hardhead,
sleepy duck, fool duck,
spoonbill, etc. -- Ruddy
plover (Zo\'94l.) the sanderling.
Rud"dy, v. t. To make ruddy.
[R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Rude (?), a.
[Compar. Ruder (?);
superl. Rudest.] [F., fr. L.
rudis.] 1. Characterized by
roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement;
coarse.
Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had
formed.
Milton.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) Unformed by
taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; --
said especially of material things; as, rude
workmanship. \'bdRude was the cloth.\'b8
Chaucer.
Rude and unpolished stones.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
The heaven-born child
All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies.
Milton.
(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank;
uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons,
or of conduct, skill, and the like. \'bdMine ancestors were
rude.\'b8
<-- impolite. -->
Chaucer.
He was but rude in the profession of arms.
Sir H. Wotton.
the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.
Gray.
(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement;
harsh; severe; -- said of the weather, of storms, and the like;
as, the rude winter.
[Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their
shock.
Milton.
The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into
foam.
Boyle.
(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said
of war, conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of
armies. (e) Not finished or complete;
inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste;
unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of literature,
language, style, and the like. \'bdThe rude
Irish books.\'b8
Spenser.
Rude am I in my speech.
Shak.
Unblemished by my rude translation.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned;
rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse;
vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate;
ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly;
currish; churlish; brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage;
violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous;
harsh; inclement; severe. See Impertiment.
-- Rude"ly (#), adv. --
Rude"ness, n.
Ru"den*ture (?; 135), n. [F.,
fr. L. rudens a rope.] (Arch.)
Cabling. See Cabling.
gwilt.
Ru"de*ra*ry (?), a. [L.
ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis,
stones crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.] Of
or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Rudes"by (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] An uncivil, turbulent fellow.
[Obs.]
Shak.
R\'81"des*heim`er (?), n. A
German wine made near R\'81desheim, on the
Rhine.
Ru"di*ment (?), n. [L.
rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant,
rude: cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.]
1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the
principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an
unfinished beginning.
but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit
Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes
The monarchies of the earth.
Milton.
the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in
landscape.
I. Taylor.
2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art
or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step.
This boy is forest-born,
And hath been tutored in the rudiments
of many desperate studies.
Shak.
There he shall first lay down the rudiments
Of his great warfare.
Milton.
3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part,
or one which is never developed.
Ru"di*ment, v. t. To furnish with first
principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments.
Gayton.
Ru`di*men"tal (?), a.
Rudimentary.
Addison.
Ru`di*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
rudimentaire.] 1. Of or pertaining
to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary;
initial; as, rudimental essays.
2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed;
in an early stage of development; embryonic.
Rud"ish (?), a. Somewhat
rude.
Foote.
Ru*dis"tes (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.)
An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks
characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also
Rudista. See Illust. under
Hippurite.
Ru"di*ty (?), n. [L.
ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude,
illiterate.] Rudeness; ignorance.
[R.]
Rud"mas*day (?), n. [See
Rood, Mass, Day.]
(R.C.Ch.) Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross,
occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually.
Ru*dolph"ine (?), a. Pertaining
to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by
Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so
named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.
Rue (?), n. [F. rue,
L. ruta, akin to Gr. /; cf. AS.
r/de.] 1. (Bot.) A
perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens),
having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It
is used in medicine.
Then purged with euphrasy and rue
The visual nerve, for he had much to see.
Milton.
They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water,
incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we
suppose, came to be called herb of grace.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief;
regret.
Goat's rue. See under Goat. --
Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower
(Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United
States. -- Wall rue, a little fern
(Asplenium Ruta-muraria) common on walls in
Europe.
Rue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruing.] [OE. rewen,
reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS.
hre\'a2wan; akin to OS. hrewan, D.
rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun,
Icel. hruggr grieved, hrug sorrow.
Ruth.] 1. To lament;
to regret extremely; to grieve for or over.
Chaucer.
I wept to see, and rued it from my heart.
Chapmen.
Thy will
Chose freely what it now so justly rues.
Milton.
2. To cause to grieve; to afflict.
[Obs.] \'bdGod wot, it rueth me.\'b8
Chaucer.
3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain;
to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]
Rue, v. i. 1. To have
compassion. [Obs.]
God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul
rue.
Chaucer.
Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them.
Ridley.
2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.
Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue.
Chaucer.
Old year, we'll dearly rue for you.
Tennyson.
Rue, n. [AS. hre\'a2w. See
Rue, v. t.] Sorrow;
repetance. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rue"ful (?), a. 1.
Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful;
sorrowful.
2. Expressing sorrow. \'bdRueful
faces.\'b8
Dryden.
Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Rue"ful*ly, adv. -- Rue"ful*ness,
n.
Ru"ell bone` (?). See rewel
bone. [Obs.]
Ru*elle" (/), n. [F.
ruelle a narrow street, a lan/, ruelle, fr.
rue a street.] A private circle or assembly
at a private house; a circle. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Ru*fes"cent (?), a. [L.
rufescens, p.pr. of rufescere to become
reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F.
rufescent.] Reddish; tinged with red.
Ruff (?), n. [F.
ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa,
rifa.] (Card Playing) (a)
A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it.
Nares.
(b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no
card of the suit led.
Ruff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing)
To trump.
Ruff, n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel.
r/finn rough, uncombed, Pr. ruf rude,
rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G.
raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck,
pull, E. rough. Ruffle to
wrinkle.] 1. A muslin or linen collar
plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now
only by women and children.
Here to-morrow with his best ruff on.
Shak.
His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came
out against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height
of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for
starching of a ruff.
Howell.
2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like
the collar of this name.
I reared this flower; . . .
Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread.
Pope.
3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.
How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their
glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to
the wheel of the victor's chariot!
L'Estrange.
4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct.
[Obs.]
To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff.
Latimer.
5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a
drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.
6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other
piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of
Collar.
7. (Zo\'94l.) A set of lengthened or
otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a
bird.
8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A limicoline
bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, ) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the
breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable
in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on
the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity
in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or
rheeve. (b) A variety of the
domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.
Ruff, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ruffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruffing.] 1. To ruffle; to
disorder.
Spenser.
2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or
ruffle, as a drum.
3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey,
without fixing it.
{ Ruff, Ruffe } (?),
n. [OE. ruffe.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small freshwater European perch
(Acerina vulgaris); -- called also
pope, blacktail, and
stone, .
Ruffed (?), a. Furnished with a
ruff.
Ruffed grouse (Zo\'94l.), a North
American grouse (Bonasa umbellus) common in the wooded
districts of the Northern United States. The male has a ruff of
brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted
for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season.
Called also tippet grouse,
partridge, birch partridge,
pheasant, drummer, and
white-flesher. -- ruffed lemur
(Zo\'94l.), a species of lemur (lemur
varius) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head.
Its color is varied with black and white. Called also
ruffed maucaco.
Ruf"fian (? , n.
[F. rufien, OF. ruffen,
ruffian, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp.
rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of German
or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle,
fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to
grow urbulent.] 1. A pimp; a
pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.]
he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at
home, reveling with her ruffians.
Bp. Reynolds.
2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate
fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.
Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian?
Shak.
Ruf"fian, a. brutal; cruel; savagely
boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage.
Ruf"fian, v. i. To play the ruffian; to
rage; to raise tumult. [R.]
Shak.
Ruf"fian*age (?), n. Ruffians,
collectively; a body of ruffians. \'bdThe vilest
ruffianage.\'b8
Sir F. Palgrave.
Ruf"fian*ish, a. Having the qualities or
manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.
Ruf"fian*like` (?), a.
Ruffianly.
Fulke.
Ruf"fian*ly, a. Like a ruffian; bold in
crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.
Ruf"fian*ous (?), a.
Ruffianly. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Ruf"fin (?), a. [See
Ruffian.] Disordered.
[Obs.]
His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood.
Spenser.
<-- p. 1259 -->
Ruf"fle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ruffled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling
(?).] [From Ruff a plaited
collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. ruyffelen to
wrinkle.] 1. To make into a ruff; to draw or
contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.
2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to
ruffle a shirt.
3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make
uneven by agitation or commotion.
The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled
the placid bosom of the Nile.
I. Taylor.
She smoothed the ruffled seas.
Dryden.
4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.
[the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume.
Tennyson.
5. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or
ruffle, as a drum.
6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.
These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.
Sir W. Hamilton.
But, ever after, the small violence done
Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart.
Tennyson.
7. To throw into disorder or confusion.
Where best
He might the ruffled foe infest.
Hudibras.
8. To throw together in a disorderly manner.
[R.]
I ruffled up falen leaves in heap.
Chapman
To ruffle the feathers of, to exite the
resentment of; to irritate.
Ruf"fle (?), v. i. [Perhaps of
different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; cf. OD.
roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG.
raffein, Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf.
Rufflan.] 1. To grow rough,
boisterous, or turbulent. [R.]
The night comes on, and the bleak winds
Do sorely ruffle.
Shak.
2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to
flutter.
On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined,
Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind.
Dryden.
3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence,
to put on airs; to swagger.
They would ruffle with jurors.
Bacon.
Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery.
Sir W. Scott.
Ruf"fle, n. [See Ruffle,
v. t. & i.] 1. That which is
ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine
cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used
as a trimming; a frill.
2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed;
disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a
ruffle.
3. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a
drum, not so loud as a roll; -- called also
ruff.
H. L. Scott.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The connected series of
large egg capsules, or o\'94thec\'91, of any one of several
species of American marine gastropods of the genus
Fulgur. See O\'94theca.
Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and
scalloped or plaited.
Halliwell.
Ruf"fle*less, a. Having no ruffle.
Ruf"fle*ment (?), n. The act of
ruffling. [R.]
Ruf"fler (?), n. 1.
One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.
Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew
of rufflers.
Milton.
2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing
machine attachment for making ruffles.
Ru`fi*gal"lic (?), a.
[Rufiopin + gallic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline
substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.
Ru`fi*o"pin (?), n. [L.
rufus reddish + opianic.]
(Chem.) A yellowish red crystalline substance
related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.
Ru"fol (?), n. [L.
rufus reddish + -ol.]
(Chem.) A phenol derivative of anthracene
obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation
produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.
Ru"fous (?), a. [L.
rufus.] Reddish; of a yellowish red or
brownish red color; tawny.
Ruft (?), n. (Med.)
Eructation; belching. [Obs.]
Ruf"ter*hood (?), n. [Cf.
Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry)
A kind of hood for a hawk.
Rug (?), n. [Cf. Sw.
rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged,
shaggy, probably akin to E. rough. See Rough,
a.] 1. A kind of coarse, heavy
frieze, formerly used for garments.
They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of
mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these
Waterford rugs. The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had
been a bear, would fain have baited him.
Holinshed.
2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of
wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and
ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a
poti\'8are, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to
protect the legs from cold, etc.
3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.
Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse,
shaggy cloth.
B. Johnson.
Rug, v. t. To pull roughly or hastily;
to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Ru"ga (?), n.; pl.
Rug\'91 (#). [L.] (Nat.
Hist.) A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rug\'91
of the stomach.
Ru"gate (?), a. [L.
rugatus, p.p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr.
ruga a wrinkle.] Having alternate ridges
and depressions; wrinkled.
Dana.
Rug"ged (?), a. [See
Rug, n.] 1. Full of
asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points,
or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged
mountain; a rugged road.
The rugged bark of some broad elm.
Milton.
2. Not neat or regular; uneven.
His well-proportioned beard made rough and
rugged.
Shak.
3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy.
\'bdThe rugged Russian bear.\'b8
Shak.
4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of
temper, character, and the like, or of persons.
Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard,
rugged, and unconcerned as ever.
South.
5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude.
Milton.
6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of
sound, style, and the like.
Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line.
Dryden.
7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of
looks, etc. \'bdSleek o'er your rugged
looks.\'b8
Shak.
8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct,
manners, etc.
9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health,
physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]
Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude;
harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning;
violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous;
inclement.
-- Rug"ged*ly (#), adv.
-- Rug"ged*ness, n.
Rug"ging (?), n. A coarse kind
of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.
Rug"-gowned (?), a. Wearing a
coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug.
Beau. & Fl.
Rug"gy (?), a. Rugged;
rough. [Obs.] \'bdWith ruggy, ashy
hairs.\'b8
Chaucer.
Rug"-head`ed (?), a. Having
shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]
Those rough rug-headed kerns.
Shak.
Rug"in (?), n. A nappy
cloth. [Obs.]
Wiseman.
Ru"gine (?), n. [F.]
(Surg.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum
from bones; a raspatory.
Ru"gine, v. t. [F. ruginer to
scrape.] To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale.
[R.]
Wiseman.
\'d8Ru*go"sa (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Rugose.] (Paleon.) An extinct
tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them
of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic
formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in
multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid.
Ru*gose" (?), a. [L.
rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.]
Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.),
having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated,
as the leaves of the sage and horehound.
Ru*gos"i*ty (?), n. [l.
rugositas: cf. F. rugosit\'82.]
The quality or state of being rugose.
Ru"gous (?), a. [Cf. F.
rugueux.] Wrinkled; rugose.
Ru`gu*lose" (?), a. Somewhat
rugose.
Ruhm"korff's coil` (?). [So called from
its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.]
(Elec.) See Induction coil, under
Induction.
Ru"in (?), n. [OE.
ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina,
fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble
down.] 1. The act of falling or tumbling
down; fall. [Obs.] \'bdHis ruin
startled the other steeds.\'b8
Chapman.
2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or
entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction;
overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the
ruin of a constitution or a government; the
ruin of health or hopes. \'bdRuin
seize thee, ruthless king!\'b8
Gray.
3. That which is fallen down and become worthless
from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin;
especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed,
dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the
like.
The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall,
And one promiscuous ruin cover all;
Nor, after length of years, a stone betray
The place where once the very ruins lay.
Addison.
The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the
ruins of an old and vicious character.
Buckminster.
4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become
ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to
ruin.
5. That which promotes injury, decay, or
destruction.
The errors of young men are the ruin of
business.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow;
subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.
Ru"in, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ruined (?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruining.] [Cf. F. ruiner,
LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.]
To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to
make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or
bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to
overthrow.
this mortal house I'll ruin.
Shak.
By thee raised, I ruin all my foes.
Milton.
The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin
us.
Franklin.
By the fireside there are old men seated,
Seeling ruined cities in the ashes.
Longfellow.
Ru"in, v. i. To fall to ruins; to go to
ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish.
[R.]
Though he his house of polished marble build,
Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell.
Sandys.
If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business,
we shall ruin the faster.
Locke.
Ru"in*a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being ruined.
Ru"in*ate (?), v. t. [LL.
ruinatus, p.p. of ruinare to ruin. See
Ruin.] 1. To demolish; to subvert;
to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin.
I will not ruinate my f/ther's house.
Shak.
Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies.
Burton.
2. To cause to fall; to cast down.
On the other side they saw that perilous rock
Threatening itself on them to ruinate.
Spenser.
Ru"in*ate, v. i. To fall; to
tumble. [Obs.]
Ru"in*ate (?), a. [L.
ruinatus, p.p.] Involved in ruin;
ruined.
My brother Edward lives in pomp and state,
I in a mansion here all ruinate.
J. Webster.
Ru`in*a"tion (?), n. [LL.
ruinatio.] The act of ruining, or the state
of being ruined.
Ru"in*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, ruins.
Ru"in*i*form (?), a.
[Ruin + -form: cf. F.
ruiniforme.] Having the appearance of
ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain
minerals.
Ru"in*ous (?), a. [L.
ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See
Ruin.] 1. Causing, or tending to
cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a
ruinous project.
After a night of storm so ruinous.
Milton.
2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated;
as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous
state.
3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.
Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap.
Isa. xvii. 1.
Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious;
destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous.
-- Ru"in*ous*ly (#), adv.
-- Ru"in*ous*ness, n.
Rukh (?), n. [Srr
Roc.] 1. The roc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large bird, supposed by
some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar.
[Obs.]
Rul"*ble (?), a. That may be
ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule.
Bacon.
Rule (?), n. [OE.
reule, riule, OF. riule,
reule, F. r\'82gle, fr. L.
regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere,
rectum, to lead straight, to direct. See
Right, a., and cf. Regular.]
1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide
for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific
purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a
prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various
societies; the rules governing a school; a rule
of etiquette or propriety; the rules of
cricket.
We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most
exact rules for the government of our lives.
Tillotson.
2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established
course of things.
'T is against the rule of nature.
Shak.
(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my
ule is to rise at six o'clock. (c)
Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or
condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there
are many exeptions. (d) Conduct in
general; behavior. [Obs.]
This uncivil rule; she shall know of it.
Shak.
3. The act of ruling; administration of law;
government; empire; authority; control.
Obey them that have the rule over you.
Heb. xiii. 17.
His stern rule the groaning land obeyed.
Pope.
4. (Law) An order regulating the
practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an
action or a suit.
Wharton.
5. (Math.) A determinate method
prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain
result; as, a rule for extracting the cube
root.
6. (Gram.) A general principle
concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement
thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that
s or es , added to a noun in the singular
number, forms the plural of that noun; but \'bdman\'b8 forms its
plural \'bdmen\'b8, and is an exception to the
rule.
7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or
the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a
ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting
of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is
usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and
jointed so that it may be folded compactly.
A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to
his rule.
South.
8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of
metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used
for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in
tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under
Conposing.
As a rule, as a general thing; in the main;
usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule. --
Board rule, Caliber rule,etc.
See under Board, Caliber, etc. --
Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that
abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and
thus permit folding in one direction only. -- Rule of
three (Arith.), that rule which directs,
when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall
have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the
first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b).
-- Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation,
like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence,
judgment and practical experience as distinguished from
scientific knowledge.
Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon;
order; method; direction; control; government; sway;
empire.
Rule, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruling.] [Cf. OF.
riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See
Rule, n., and cf. Regulate.]
1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise
authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage.
Chaucer.
A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that
ruleth well his own house, having his children in
subjection.
1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.
2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or
persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive.
I think she will be ruled
In all respects by me.
Shak.
3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to
fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice.
That's are ruled case with the schoolmen.
Atterbury.
4. (Law) To require or command by rule;
to give as a direction or order of court.
5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil,
etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by
means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result;
as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank
book.
Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface
that may be described by a straight line moving according to a
given law; -- called also a scroll.
Rule, v. i. 1. To have power or
command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by
over.
By me princes rule, and nobles.
Prov. viii. 16.
We subdue and rule over all other creatures.
Ray.
2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule
or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a
rule.
Burril. Bouvier.
3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain)
range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices
ruled lower yesterday than the day before.
Rule"less, a. Destitute of rule;
lawless.
Spenser.
Rule"-mon`ger (?), n. A
stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.]
Hare.
<-- p. 1260 -->
<-- p. 1260 -->
Rul"er (?), n. 1. One
who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.
And he made him ruler over all the land.
Gen. xii. 43.
A prince and ruler of the land.
Shak.
2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc.,
with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing
lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a)<-- usu.
marked with graduations so that it can be used to measure
distances -->.
Parallel ruler. See under
Parallel.
Rul"ing, a. 1. Predominant;
chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion;
a ruling sovereign.
2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a
ruling machine or pen.
Syn. -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing;
guilding; governing; prevailing; prevalent.
Rul"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who rules; ruled lines.
2. (Law) A decision or rule of a judge
or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding
evidence.
Rul"ing*ly, adv. In a ruling manner; so
as to rule.
Rul"li*chies (?), n. pl. [Cf.
D. rolletje alittle roll.] Chopped meat
stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and
fried. [Local, New York]
Rul"y (?), a. [From
Rule.] orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed
to unruly. [Obs.]
Gascoigne.
Rum (?), n. [probably shortened
from prov. E. rumbullion a great tumult, formerly
applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating
liquor.] A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from
cane juice, or from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from
treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations.
Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective
name for intoxicating liquor.
Rum bud, a grog blossom.
[Colloq.] -- Rum shrub, a drink
composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice,
with some flavoring extract.
Rum, a. [Formerly rome, a
slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy
rom a husband, a gypsy.] Old-fashioned;
queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum
fellow. [Slang]
Dickens.
Rum, n. A queer or odd person or thing;
a country parson. [Slang, Obs.]
Swift.
Rum"ble (?), v. i. [OE.
romblen, akin to D. rommeln, G.
rumpeln, Dan. rumle; cf. Icel.
rumja to roar.] 1. To make a low,
heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a
distance.
In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore.
Surrey.
The people cried and rombled up and down.
Chaucer.
2. To murmur; to ripple.
To rumble gently down with murmur soft.
Spenser.
<--3. to engage in a fight, usu. between street gangs.-->
Rum"ble, n. 1. A noisy report;
rumor. [Obs.]
Delighting ever in rumble that is new.
Chaucer.
2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by
heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise;
as, the rumble of a railboard train.
Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter.
tennyson.
Merged in the rumble of awakening day.
H. James.
3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a
carriage.
Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble
behind.
Dickens.
4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles
are smoothed or poliched by friction against each other.
<-- rumble seat, a seat in the rear of an automobile,
outside the passenger cabin, which folds out from the body -->
Rum"ble, v. t. To cause to pass through
a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n.,
4.
Rum"bler (?), n. One who, or
that which, rumbles.
Rum"bling (?), a. & n. from
Rumble, v. i.
Rum"bling*ly, adv. In a rumbling
manner.
Rum"bo (?), n. grog.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Scott.
Rum*bow"line (?), n.
(Naut.) Same as Rombowline.
\'d8Ru"men (?), n. [L.
rumen, -inis, the throat.]
1. (Anat.) The first stomach of
ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust.
below.
2. The cud of a ruminant.
Ru"mi*can (?), n. (Chem.)
A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow
dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with
chrysophanic acid.
Rumi*nal (?), a. [L.
ruminalis.] (Zo\'94l.) Ruminant;
ruminating. [R.]
Ru"mi*nant (?), a. [L.
ruminans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F.
ruminant. See Ruminate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Chewing the cud; characterized by
chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the
Ruminantia.
Ru"mi*nant, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.
\'d8Ru`mi*nan"ti*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the
camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and
allies.
<-- Letters refer to the Illustration, "Stomach of a ruminant."
-->
r). It afterwards passes
into the second (n), where it is moistened, and formed
into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to
the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into
the third stomach (m), whence it passes to the fourth
(s), where it is finally digested.
Ru"mi*nant*ly (?), adv. In a
ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.
Ru"mi*nate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ruminated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruminating.] [L. ruminatus,
p.p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr.
rumen, -inis, throat, akin to
ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr.
/, AS. roccettan.] 1. To chew
the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and
swallowed. \'bdCattle free to ruminate.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to
meditate; to ponder; to reflect.
Cowper.
Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that
ruminates on the felicity of heaven?
I. Taylor.
Ru"mi*nate (?), v. t. 1.
To chew over again.
2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse
on.
Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin.
Dryden.
What I know
Is ruminated, plotted, and set down.
Shak.
{ Ru"mi*nate (?), Ru"mi*na`ted
(?) }, a. (Bot.) Having
a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with
softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American
papaw.
Ru`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L.
ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.]
1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the
cud; the habit of chewing the cud.
Rumination is given to animals to enable them at
once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward to chew
it.
Arbuthnot.
2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or
ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection.
Retiring full of rumination sad.
Thomson.
3. (Physiol.) The regurgitation of food
from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally
oberved as a morbid phenomenon in man.
Ru"mi*na*tive (?), a. Inclined
to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.
Ru"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.
Rum"kin (?), n. [Cf.
Rummer, and see -kin.] A popular or
jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]
Rum"mage (?; 48), n. [For
roomage, fr. room; hence originally, a
making room, a packing away closely. See Room.]
1. (Naut.) A place or room for the
stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the
pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage;
-- formerly written romage. [Obs.]
2. A searching carefully by looking into every
corner, and by turning things over.
He has such a general rummage and reform in the
office of matrimony.
Walpole.
Rummage sale, a clearance sale of unclaimed
goods in a public store, or of odds and ends which have
accumulated in a shop.
Simmonds.
Rum"mage, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rummaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rummaging (?).]
1. (Naut.) To make room in, as a ship,
for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to
permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly
written roomage, and
romage. [Obs.]
They night bring away a great deal more than they do, if they
would take pain in the romaging.
Hakluyt.
2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into
every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things;
to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after
leaf.
He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so
rummageth all his closets and trunks.
Howell.
What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek
dictionary in vain for a satisfactory account!
M. Arnold.
Rum"mage, v. i. To search a place
narrowly.
I have often rummaged for old books in Little
Britain and Duck Lane.
Swift.
[His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . .
. . . rummaged like a rat.
Tennyson.
Rum"ma*ger (?), n. 1.
One who rummages.
2. (Naut.) A person on shipboard whose
business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly
written roomager, and
romager. [Obs.]
The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a
romager, to range and bestow all merchandise.
Hakluyt.
Rum"mer (/), n. [D.
roemer, romer, akin to G. r\'94mer, Sw.
remmare; perhaps properly, Roman.] A large
and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.]
J. Philips.
Rum"my (?), a. Of or pertaining
to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy
flavor.
Rum"my, n.; pl. Rummies
(/). One who drinks rum; an habitually
intemperate person. [Low]
<-- Rummy, a game of cards.
Gin rummy, a type of rummy. -->
Rum"my, a. [See Rum,
a.] Strange; odd.
[Slang]
Rum"ney (?), n. A sort of
Spanish wine. [Obs.]
Ru"mor (?), n. [F.
rumeur, L. rumor; cf.
rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr.
ru to cry.] [Written also
rumour.] 1. A flying or popular
report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety.
This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea,
and throughout all the region round about.
Luke vii. 17.
Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight.
Shak.
2. A current story passing from one person to
another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this
sense often personified.
Rumor next, and Chance,
And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled.
Milton.
3. A prolonged; indistinct noise.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ru"mor, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rumored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rumoring.] To report by rumor;
to tell.
'T was rumored
My father 'scaped from out the citadel.
Dryden.
Ru"mor*er (?), n. A teller of
news; especially, one who spreads false reports.
<-- = rumor-monger -->
Shak.
Ru"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF.
rumoreux, It. rumoroso,
romoroso.] 1. Of or pertaining to
a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.]
Bale.
3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic]
Drayton.
Rump (?), n. [OE.
rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG.
rump, G. rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump,
Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.]
1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the
parts adjacent; the buttock or buttoks.
2. Among butchers, the piece of beef betwen the
sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of
Beef.
3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a
remnant.
Rump Parliament, The
Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the
Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those
who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653,
but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in
1659.
The rump abolished the House of Lords, the army
abolished the Rump, and by this army of saints
Cromwell governed.
Swift.
-- Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump.
Goldsmith.
Rump"er (?), n. A member or a
supporter of the Rump Parliament.
I. Disraeli.
Rump"-fed (?), a. A
Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps \'bdfattened in
the rump, pampered.\'b8 \'bdThe rump-fed
ronyon.\'b8
Rum"ple (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr.
& vb. n. Rumpling (/).]
[Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to
wrinkle, rompelig rough, uneven, G.
r\'81mpgen to wrinkle, MHG. r\'81mphen,
OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra`mfos the crooked beak
of birds of prey, / to roam.] To make uneven; to
form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as,
to rumple an apron or a cravat.
They would not give a dog's ear of their most
rumpled and ragged Scoth paper for twenty of your
fairest assignats.
Burke.
Rum"ple, n. A fold or plait; a
wrinkle.
Dryden.
Run"pled (?), a. Wrinkled;
crumpled.
Pope.
Rump"less (?), a. Destitute of
a rump.
Rum"ply (?), a. Rumpled.
Carlyle.
Rum"pus (?), n. A disturbance;
noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]
Rum"sell`er (?), n. One who
sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one
who sells spirituous beverages at retail.
<-- p. 1261 -->
Run (?), v. i.
[imp. Ran (?) or
Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb.
n. Running.] [OE.
rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p.p.
runnen, ronnen). AS. rinnan to
flow (imp. ran, p.p. gerunnen), and
iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn,
arn, earn, p.p. urnen); akin to
D. runnen, renne, OS. & OHG.
rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel.
renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, r\'84nna, Dan.
rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and
perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. / to stir up, rouse,
Skr. / (cf. Origin), or perh. to L. rivus
brook (cf. Rival). \'fb11. Cf. Ember,
a., Rennet.] 1. To move, proceed,
advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick
action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow,
glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to
move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a
dog. Specifically: --
2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To
go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.
\'bdHa, ha, the fox!\'b8 and after him they
ran.
Chaucer.
(b) To flee, as from fear or danger.
As from a bear a man would run for life.
Shak.
(c) To steal off; to depart secretly.
My conscience will serve me to run from this
jew.
Shak.
(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a
contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for
Congress.
Know ye not that they which run in a race
run all, but one receiveth the prize? So
run, that ye may obtain.
1 Cor. ix. 24.
(e) To pass from one state or condition to another;
to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or
into; as, to run into evil practices; to
run in debt.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart
with grief and run distracted?
Addison.
(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed;
as, to run through life; to run in a
circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in
thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject
to another.
Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of
precepts foreign to his subject.
Addison.
(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about
something; -- with on. (i) To make
numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with
on. (j) To creep, as
serpents.
3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as
a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers
run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her
blood ran cold. (b) To proceed
along a surface; to extend; to spread.
The fire ran along upon the ground.
Ex. ix. 23.
(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.
As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run.
Addison.
Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.
Woodward.
(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or
pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round.
(e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by
mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs
regularly to Albany; the train runs to
Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach;
as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the
memory of man runneth not the contrary.
She saw with joy the line immortal run,
Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son.
Pope.
(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to
ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the
station.<-- same as (e)? --> (h) To make
progress; to proceed; to pass.
As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in
most part of our lives that it ran much faster.
Addison.
(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action
or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the
mill runs six days in the week.
When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on
the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run
wholly on the bad ones.
Swift.
(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line
runs east and west.
Where the generally allowed practice runs counter
to it.
Locke.
Little is the wisdom, where the flight
So runs against all reason.
Shak.
(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of
words.
The king's ordinary style runneth, \'bdOur
sovereign lord the king.\'b8
Bp. Sanderson.
(l) To be popularly known; to be generally
received.
Men gave them their own names, by which they run a
great while in Rome.
Sir W. Temple.
Neither was he ignorant what report ran of
himself.
Knolle/.
(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and
girls run up rapidly.
if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run
to leaves.
Mortimer.
(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to
incline.
A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.
Bacon.
Temperate climates run into moderate
governments.
Swift.
(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as,
colors run in washing.
In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished,
but near the borders they run into one another.
I. Watts.
(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to
continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in
company; as, certain covenants run with the
land.
Customs run only upon our goods imported or
exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest
runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be
yearly paid.
Sir J. Child.
(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good;
as, a note has thirty days to run.
(r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an
ulcer runs. (s) To be played on
the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the
piece ran for six months. (t)
(Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction
from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.
4. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a
gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a
supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered
in the air under the body.
Stillman (The Horse in Motion).
5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by
springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when
neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from
walking in athletic competition.
As thing run, according to the usual order,
conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or
specification. -- To let run (Naut.),
to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen.
-- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search
for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after
similies. Locke. -- To run away, to
flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or
guidance. -- To run away with. (a)
To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or
elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with
violence; as, a horse runs away with a
carriage. -- To run down. (a)
To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of
the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc.<--
batteries --> (b) To decline in condition; as,
to run down in health. -- To run down a
coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an
office, to stand as a candidate for an office. --
To run in into.
(a) To enter; to step in. (b) To
come in collision with. -- To run in trust,
to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] --
To run in with. (a) To close; to comply;
to agree with. [R.] T. Baker.
(b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to
sail close to; as, to run in with the land. --
To run mad, To run mad after on. See under Mad. -- To
run on. (a) To be continued; as, their
accounts had run on for a year or two without a
settlement. (b) To talk incessantly.
(c) To continue a course. (d) To
press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard
on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in
the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new
paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To
come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out
Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread.
\'bdInsectile animals . . . run all out
into legs.\'b8 Hammond. (c) To expatiate;
as, to run out into beautiful digressions.
(d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to
become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon
run out.
And had her stock been less, no doubt
She must have long ago run out.
Dryden.
-- To run over. (a) To overflow; as,
a cup runs over, or the liquor runs
over. (b) To go over, examine, or
rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over;
as, to run over a child. -- To run
riot, to go to excess. -- To run
through. (a) To go through hastily; as
to run through a book. (b) To
spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To
run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing
seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease
growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. --
To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to
increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very
fast.
But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run
up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees.
Sir W. Scott.
-- To run with. (a) To be drenched with,
so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with
blood. (b) To flow while charged with some
foreign substance. \'bdIts rivers ran with
gold.\'b8 J. H. Newman.
Run (/), v. t. 1. To
cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v.
i.); as, to run a horse; to run a
stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a
block.
2. To pursue in thought; to carry in
contemplation.
To run the world back to its first original.
South.
I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and
run it up to its \'bdpunctum saliens.\'b8
Collier.
3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to
run a sword into or through the body; to run a
nail into the foot.
You run your head into the lion's mouth.
Sir W. Scott.
Having run his fingers through his hair.
Dickens.
4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be
driven.
They ran the ship aground.
Acts xxvii. 41.
A talkative person runs himself upon great
inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets.
Ray.
Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run
natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.
Locke.
5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to
run bullets, and the like.
The purest gold must be run and washed.
Felton.
6. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate;
to determine; as, to run a line.
7. To cause to pass, to evade, offical
restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable
goods.
heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of
running goods.
Swift.
8. To go through or accomplish by running; as,
to run a race; to run a certain
career.
9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to
support for office; as, to run some one for
Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]
10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk;
as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To
run the chance, below. \'bdHe runneth
two dangers.\'b8
Bacon.
<-- "If we don't succeed, we run the risk of failure." Quail.
-->
11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and
run his fortune with them.
Clarendon.
12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously;
to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot
water.
At the base of Pompey's statua,
Which all the while ran blood, great C\'91sar
fell.
Shak.
13. To be charged with, or to contain much of,
while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.
14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to
run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq.
U.S.]
15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
[Colloq.]
16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle
through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series
of stitches on the needle at the same time.
17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish;
esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn.
To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a
blockaded port in safety. -- To run down.
(a) (Hunting) To chase till the object
pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a
stag. (b) (Naut.) To run
against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to
overthrow; to overbear. \'bdreligion is run down
by the license of these times.\'b8 Berkeley.
(d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. --
To run hard. (a) To press in competition;
as, to run one hard in a race.
(b) To urge or press importunately.
(c) To banter severely. -- To run into the
ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo.
[Slang, U.S.]<-- also, to operate a machine (as
a car) without maintenance, until it malfunctions or becomes
useless --> -- To run off, to cause to flow away,
as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run
on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the
type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a
new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To
thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to
exhaust; as, to run out an estate.
(c) (Baseball) To put out while running
between two bases. -- To run the chances,
one's chances, to encounter all the
risks of a certain course. -- To run through,
to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. \'bd[He] was
run through the body by the man who had asked his
advice.\'b8 Addison. -- To run up.
(a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender.
(b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an
account.<-- e.g. to incur a debt, as to run up a
bill --> (c) To erect hastily, as a
building.
Run (?), n. 1. The act
of running; as, a long run; a good run; a
quick run; to go on the run.
2. A small stream; a brook; a creek.
3. That which runs or flows in the course of a
certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a
run of must in wine making; the first run of
sap in a maple orchard.
4. A course; a series; that which continues in a
certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad
luck.
They who made their arrangements in the first run
of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities.
Burke.
5. State of being current; currency;
popularity.
it is impossible for detached papers to have a general
run, or long continuance, if not diversified with
humor.
Addison.
6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a
play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive
nights.
A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense
run.
Macaulay.
7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a
pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.
8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock;
as, a sheep run.
Howitt.
9. (Naut.) (a) The aftermost
part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under
the quarter (b) The distance sailed by a
ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty
miles. (c) A voyage; as,
run to China.
10. A pleasure excursion; a trip.
[Colloq.]
A think of giving her a run in London.
Dickens.
11. (Mining) The horizontal distance to
which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor
of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction
which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
12. (Mus.) A roulade, or series of
running tones.
13. (Mil.) The greatest degree of
swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles
as the double-quick, but with greater speed.
14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to
spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes
which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of
spawning.
15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases
made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a
passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is
scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went
out with two hundred runs.
The \'bdruns\'b8 are made from wicket to wicket,
the batsmen interchanging ends at each run.
R. A. Proctor.
16. A pair or set of millstones.
At the long run, now, commonly,
In the long run, in or during the whole
process or course of things taken together; in the final result;
in the end; finally.
[Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he
surpasses them in the long run.
J. H. Newman.
-- Home run. (a) A running or returning
toward home, or to the point from which the start was made.
Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball)
See under Home. -- The run,
The common run, etc., ordinary
persons; the generality or average of people or things; also,
that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or
kind.
I saw nothing else that is superior to the common
run of parks.
Walpole.
Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him,
merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to
the common run of men.
Prof. Wilson.
His whole appearance was something out of the common
run.
W. Irving.
-- To let go by the run (Naut.), to
loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without
restraint, as a sail.
Run, a. 1. Melted, or made from
molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter;
run iron or lead.
2. Smuggled; as, run goods.
[Colloq.]
Miss Edgeworth.
Run steel, malleable iron castings. See under
Malleable.
Raymond.
Run"a*gate (?), n. [F.
ren\'82gat, Prov. renegat. LL.
renegatus; confused with E. run and
gate a way. See Renegate.] A
fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See
Renegade.
Bunyan.
Wretched runagates from the jail.
De Quincey.
Who has not been a runagate from duty?
Hare.
Run"a*way` (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint,
etc.; a fugitive.
Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled?
Shak.
2. The act of running away, esp. of a horse or
teams; as, there was a runaway yesterday.
Run"a*way`, a. 1. Running away;
fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; as,
runaway soldiers; a runaway horse.
2. Accomplished by running away or elopment, or
during flight; as, a runaway marriage.
<-- 3. (a) Won by a long lead; as, a
runaway victory. (b) Very
successful; accomplishing success quickly; as, a
runaway bestseller. -->
Run*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
runcatio, fr. runcareto weed out.]
A weedling. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Runch (?), n. (Bot.)
The wild radish.
Dr. Prior.
Run"ci*nate (?), a. [L.
runcinatus, p.p. of runcinareto plane off,
fr. runcina a plane.] (Bot.)
Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf
of the dandelion.
Run"del (?), n. [Cf.
Rindle.] A moat with water in it; also, a
small stream; a runlet. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Run"del, n. [Cf. Rundle.]
A circle. [Prov. Eng.]
Run"dle (?), n. [E.
round. Cf. Rondle.] 1. A
round; a step of a ladder; a rung.
Duppa.
2. A ball. [Obs.]
Holland.
3. Something which rotates about an axis, as a
wheel, or the drum of a capstan. \'bdAn axis or cylinder
having a rundle about it.\'b8
Bp. Wilkins.
4. (Mach.) One of the pins or trundles
of a lantern wheel.
Rund"let (?), n. [Dim. of OF.
rondele a little tun, fr. rond round. See
Round, and cf. Roundlet,
Runlet.] A small barrel of no certain
dimensions. It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons, but it usually
holds about 14 [Written also
runlet.]
Rune (r, n. [AS.
r a rune, a secret, a mystery; akin to Icel.
r, OHG. & Goth. r a secret,
secret colloquy, G. & Dan. rune rune, and probably to
Gr. 'ereyna^n to search for. Cf. Roun to
whisper.] 1. A letter, or character,
belonging to the written language of the ancient Norsemen, or
Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the letters of the
ancient nations of Northern Europe in general.
runes, the
origin of which is lost in the remotest antiquity. The
signification of the word rune (mystery) seems to
allude to the fact that originally only a few were acquainted
with the use of these marks, and that they were mostly applied to
secret tricks, witchcrafts and enchantments. But the runes were
also used in communication by writing.
2. pl. Old Norse poetry expressed in
runes.
Runes were upon his tongue,
As on the warrior's sword.
Longfellow.
Rune stone, a stone bearing a runic
inscription.
Ru"ner (?), n. A bard, or
learned man, among the ancient Goths.
Sir W. Temple.
Rung (?), imp. & p. p. of
Ring.
Rung, n. [OE. ronge, AS.
hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. runge
a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a
prop, support, Icel. r\'94ng a rib in a ship, Goth.
Hrugga a staff.] 1.
(Shipbuilding) A floor timber in a ship.
2. One of the rounds of a ladder.
3. One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy
staff.
4. (Mach.) One of the radial handles
projecting from the rim of a steering wheel; also, one of the
pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.
Rung"head` (?), n.
(Shipbuilding) The upper end of a floor timber in
a ship.
Ru"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining
to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as, runic
verses; runic letters; runic names;
runic rhyme.
Runic staff. See Clog almanac,
under Clog. -- Runic wand, a willow
wand bearing runes, formerly thought to have been used by the
heathen tribes of Northern Europe in magical
ceremonies.
Run"let (?), n. [Run
+ -let.] A little run or stream; a
streamlet; a brook.
To trace out to its marshy source every runlet that
has cast in its tiny pitcherful with the rest.
Lowell.
Run"let, n. Same as
Rundlet. \'bdA stoup of sack, or a
runlet of canary.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
<-- p. 1262 -->
Run"nel (?), n. [From
Run. Cf. Rundle.] A rivulet or small
brook.
Buddling rundels joined the sound.
Collins.
By the very sides of the way . . . there are slow
runnels, in which one can see the minnows
swimming.
Masson.
Run"ner (?), n. [From
Run.] 1. One who, or that which,
runs; a racer.
2. A detective. [Slang, Eng.]
Dickens.
3. A messenger.
Swift.
4. A smuggler. [Colloq.]
R. North.
5. One employed to solicit patronage, as for a
steamboat, hotel, shop, etc. [Cant, U.S.]
6. (Bot.) A slender trailing branch
which takes root at the joints or end and there forms new plants,
as in the strawberry and the common cinquefoil.
7. The rotating stone of a set of millstones.
8. (Naut.) A rope through a block and
used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle.
Totten.
9. One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh
slides; also the part or blade of a skate which slides on the
ice.
10. (Founding) (a) A horizontal
channel in a mold, through which the metal flows to the cavity
formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal left in such a
channel. (b) A trough or channel for leading
molten metal from a furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed.
11. The movable piece to which the ribs of an
umbrella are attached.
12. (Zo\'94l.) A food fish
(Elagatis pinnulatis) of Florida and the West Indies;
-- called also skipjack,
shoemaker, and yellowtail.
The name alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the
water.
13. (Zo\'94l.) Any cursorial bird.
14. (Mech.) (a) A movable slab
or rubber used in grinding or polishing a surface of stone.
(b) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group,
for polishing or grinding.
Run"net (?), n. See
Rennet.
Run"ning (?), a. 1.
Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a
horse; (a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or
pacer. (b) trained and kept for running
races; as, a running horse.
Law.
2. Successive; one following the other without
break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be
away two days running; to sow land two years
running.
3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a
running hand.
4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as,
he stated the facts with a running
explanation. \'bdA running conquest.\'b8
Milton.
What are art and science if not a running
commentary on Nature?
Hare.
5. (Bot.) Extending by a slender
climbing or trailing stem; as, a running
vine.
6. (med.) Discharging pus; as, a
running sore.
Running block (Mech.), a block in
an arrangement of pulleys which rises or sinks with the weight
which is raised or lowered. -- Running board,
a narrow platform extending along the side of a
locomotive.<-- or automobile(pre-1960) --> -- Running
bowsprit (Naut.) Same as Reefing
bowsprit. -- Running days
(Com.), the consecutive days occupied on a voyage
under working days. Simmonds. -- Running
fire, a constant fire of musketry or cannon. --
Running gear, the wheels and axles of a vehicle,
and their attachments, in distinction from the body; all the
working parts of a locomotive or other machine, in distinction
from the framework. -- Running hand, a style
of rapid writing in which the letters are usually slanted and the
words formed without lifting the pen; -- distinguished from
round hand. -- Running part
(Naut.), that part of a rope that is hauled upon,
-- in distinction from the standing part. --
Running rigging (Naut.), that part of a
ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, etc.; -- is
distinction from standing rigging. --
Running title (Print.), the title of a
book or chapter continued from page to page on the upper
margin.<-- it may be different, for conciseness, from the
title on the first page. -->
Run"ning, n. The act of one who, or of
that which runs; as, the running was
slow.
2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a
liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain
operation; as, the first running of a
still.
3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore.
At long running, in the long run.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
Run"ning*ly, adv. In a running
manner.
Run"nion (?) n. See
Ronion.
Ru*nol"o*gy (?), n.
[Rune + -logy.] The science
of runes. -- Ru*nol"o*gist
(#), n.
Run"round` (?), n. A felon or
whitlow. [Colloq. U.S.]
Runt (?) n. [Written also
rant.] [Scot. runt an old cow.
/ withered woman, a hardened stem or stalk, / of a tree; cf.
D. rund a bullock, an ox or /. Cf. Rother,
a.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any
animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its
kind; -- applied particulary to domestic animals.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of domestic
pigeon, related to the barb and carrier.
3. A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish
person; -- used opprobriously.
Before I buy a bargain of such runts,
I'll buy a college for bears, and live among 'em.
Beau. & Fl.
4. The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a
plant. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Neither young poles nor old runts are durable.
Holland.
Runt"y (?), a. Like a runt;
diminutive; mean.
Run"way` (?), n. 1.
The channel of a stream.
2. The beaten path made, by deer or other animals
in passing to and from their feeding grounds.
Ru*pee" (?), n.
[Hind.r/piyah, fr. Skr. r/py
silver, coined silver or gold, handsome.] A silver
coin, and money of account, in the East Indies.
Ru"pel*la*ry (?), n. [From L.
rupes a rock.] Rocky.
[Obs.] \'bdThis rupellary nidary.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ru"pert's drop` (?). A kind of glass drop
with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is
remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is
scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince
Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first
brought to England. Called also Rupert's ball,
and glass tear.
\'d8Ru"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
G. / filth, dirt.] (Med.) An eruption
upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and
filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up,
forming a blackish crust.
Ru"pi*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to rupia.
\'d8Ru*pic"o*la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. rupes, gen. rupis, a rock +
colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the
cock of the rock.
Ru*pic"o*line (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Rock-inhabiting.
Rup"tion (?), n. [L.
ruptio, fr. rumpere, ruptum to
break.] A breaking or bursting open; breach;
rupture. \'bdBy ruption or apertion.\'b8
Wiseman.
Rup"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf.
Roturier.] One not of noble blood; a
plebeian; a roturier. [R.]
The exclusion of the French ruptuaries
(\'bdroturiers,\'b8 for history must find a word for this class
when it speaks of other nations) from the order of nobility.
Chenevix.
Rup"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
ruptura, fr. rumpere, ruptum to
break: cf. F. rupture. See Reave, and cf.
Rout a defeat.] 1. The act of
breaking apart, or separating; the state of being asunder;
as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of
a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a
lutestring.
Arbuthnot.
Hatch from the egg, that soon,
Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young.
Milton.
2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals;
open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly
relations; as, the parties came to a
rupture.
He knew that policy would desincline Napoleon from a
rupture with his family.
E. Everett.
3. (Med.) Hernia. See
Hernia.
4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less
sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion.
Modulus of rupture. (Engin.) See under
Modulus.
Syn. -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption;
dissolution. See Fracture.
Rup"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ruptured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rupturing.] 1. To
part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture
a blood vessel.
2. To produce a hernia in.
Rup"ture, v. i. To suffer a breach or
disruption.
Rup"tured (?; 135), a.
(Med.) Having a rupture, or hernia.
Rup"ture*wort" (?; 135), n.
(Bot.) (a) Same as
Burstwort. (b) A West Indian plant
(Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat resembling
burstwort.
Ru"ral (?), a. [F., fr.
L.ruralis, fr. rus, ruris, the
country. Cf. Room space, Rustic.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country, as
distinguished from a city or town; living in the country;
suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; as,
rural scenes; a rural prospect.
Here is a rural fellow; . . .
He brings you figs.
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to agriculture; as,
rural economy.
Rural dean. (Eccl.) See under
Dean. -- Rural deanery
(Eccl.), the state, office, or residence, of a
rural dean.
Syn. -- Rustic. -- Rural,
Rustic. Rural refers to the country itself;
as, rural scenes, prospects, delights, etc.
Rustic refers to the character, condition, taste,
etc., of the original inhabitans of the country, who were
generally uncultivated and rude; as, rustic manners; a
rustic dress; a rustic bridge; rustic
architecture, etc.
We turn
To where the silver Thames first rural grows.
Thomson.
Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by;
To manly confidence thy throughts apply.
Dryden.
\'d8Ru"ra"les (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The gossamer-winged
butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the
hairstreaks, violets, and theclas.
Ru"ral*ism (?), n. 1.
The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.
2. A rural idiom or expression.
Ru"ral*ist, n. One who leads a rural
life.
Coventry.
Ru*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
-ties (#). [Cf. LL.
ruralitas.] 1. The quality or
state of being rural.
2. A rural place. \'bdLeafy
ruralities.\'b8
Carlyle.
Ru"ral*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ruralized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruralizing
(?).] To render rural; to give a rural
appearance to.
Ru"ral*ize, v. i. To become rural; to go
into the country; to rusticate.
Ru"ral*ly, adv. In a rural manner; as in
the country.
Ru"ral*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rural.
Ru*ric"o*list (?), n. [L.
ruricola; rus, ruris, the
country + colere to inhabit.] An inhabitant
of the country. [R.]
Bailey.
Ru`ri*dec"a*nal (?), a. [L.
rus, ruris the country + decanus
the chief of ten. See Dean.] Of or pertaining
to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district; the
ruridecanal intellect. [R.]
Ru*rig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
rurigena; rus, ruris, the
country + genere, gignere, to bring forth,
pass., to be born.] Born in the country.
[Obs.]
Ruse (?), n. [F., fr. OF.
re\'81ser, rehuser, to turn aside, to
shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref.
re- again + causa cause. See
Cause, and cf. Recusant.] An
artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit.
\'d8Ruse de guerre (/) [F.],
a stratagem of war.
Rush (?), n. [OE.
rusche, rische, resche, AS.
risce, akin to LG. rusk, risch,
D. & G. rusch; all probably fr. L. ruscum
butcher's broom; akin to Goth. raus reed, G.
rohr.] 1. (Bot.) A name
given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with
soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and
Scirpus.
2. The merest trifle; a straw.
John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush.
Arbuthnot.
Bog rush. See under Bog. --
Club rush, any rush of the genus
Scirpus. -- Flowering rush. See
under Flowering. -- Nut rush
(a) Any plant of the genus Scleria,
rushlike plants with hard nutlike fruits. (b) A
name for several species of Cyperus having tuberous
roots. -- Rush broom, an Australian
leguminous plant (Viminaria denudata), having long,
slender branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under
Candle. -- Rush grass, any grass of
the genus Vilfa, grasses with wiry stems and
one-flowered spikelets. -- Rush toad
(Zo\'94l.), the natterjack. -- Scouring
rush (Bot.) Same as Dutch rush,
under Dutch. -- Spike rush, any rushlike
plant of the genus Eleocharis, in which the flowers
grow in dense spikes. -- Sweet rush, a
sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc. (Andropogon
sch\'d2nanthus), used in Oriental medical practice. --
Wood rush, any plant of the genus
Luzula, which differs in some technical characters
from Juncus.
Rush (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rushed
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rushing.] [OE. ruschen; cf.
AS. hryscan to make a noise, D. ruischen to
rustle, G. rauschen, MHG. r/schen ro
rush, to rustle, LG. rusken, OSw. ruska,
Icel. & Sw. ruska to shake, Dan. ruske to
shake, and E. rouse.] 1. To move
forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or
haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters
rush down a precipice.
Like to an entered tide, they all rush by.
Shak.
2. To enter into something with undue haste and
eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as,
to rush business or speculation.
They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to
rush into the office of princes and ministers.
Sprat.
Rush, v. t. 1. To push or urge
forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward.
2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination)
without an error. [College Cant, U.S.]
Rush, n. 1. A moving forward
with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course;
as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a
rush of water.
A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a
violent rush, severed him from the duke.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. Great activity with pressure; as, a
rush of business. [Colloq.]
3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant,
U.S.]
4. (Football) (a) A rusher;
as, the center rush, whose place is in the center of
the rush line; the end rush.<-- now, lineman.
--> (b) The act of running with the ball.
<-- rushing. -->
Bunt rush (Football), a combined
rush by main strength. -- Rush line
(Football), the line composed of
rushers.
Rush"-bear`ing (?), n. A kind
of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the
parishioners brought rushes to strew the church.
[Eng.]
Nares.
Rush"buc`kler (?), n. A
bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler.
[Obs.]
That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Rushed (?), a. Abounding or
covered with rushes.
Rush"er (?), n. One who
rushes.
Whitlock.
Rush"er, n. One who strewed rushes on
the floor at dances. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Rush"i*ness (?), n. [From
Rushy.] The quality or state of abounding
with rushes.
Rush"ing*ly, adv. In a rushing
manner.
Rush"light` (?), n. A rush
candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.
Rush"like` (?), a. Resembling a
rush; weak.
Rush"y (?), a. 1.
Abounding with rushes.
2. Made of rushes.
Me rushy couch and frugal fare.
Goldsmith.
Ru"sine (?), a. [NL.
rusa, the name of the genus, Malay
r deer.] (Zo\'94l.) Of,
like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa,
which includes the sambur deer (Rusa Aristotelis) of
India.
Rusine antler (Zo\'94l.), an antler
with the brow tyne simple, and the beam forked at the
tip.
Rusk (?), n. [Sp. rosca de
mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, rosca properly
meaning, a screw, spiral.] 1. A kind of
light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or
crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit.
2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for
stores
Smart.
3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and
crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.
Rus"ma (?), n. [Corrupt. from
Turk. khyryzma a paste used as a depilatory, fr. Gr.
/ an unguent; cf. F. rusma.] A depilatory
made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See
Rhusma.
Russ (?), n. sing. & pl. 1.
A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except in
poetry.]
2. The language of the Russians.
Russ, a. Of or pertaining to the
Russians.
Rus"set (?), a. [F.
rousset, dim. of roux red, L.
russus (for rudtus, rudhtus),
akin to E. red. See Red, and cf.
Roussette.] 1. Of a reddish brown
color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of
blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions,
namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of
a yellowish brown color.
The morn, in russet mantle clad.
Shak.
Our summer such a russet livery wears.
Dryden.
2. Coarse; homespun; rustic.
[R.]
Shak.
Rus"set, n. 1. A russet color;
a pigment of a russet color.
2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color.
3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a
russet color.
Dryden.
4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as,
the English russet, and the Roxbury
russet.
Rus"set*ing, n. See Russet,
n., 2 and 4.
Rus"set*y (?), a. Of a russet
color; russet.
<-- p. 1263 -->
Rus"sia (?), n. A country of
Europe and Asia.
Russia iron, a kind of sheet iron made in
Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface. -- Russia
leather, a soft kind of leather, made originally in
Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being
impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used
in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and
being proof against insects. -- Russia matting,
matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the
linden (Tilia Europ\'91a).
Rus"sian (? , a. Of
or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. --
n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the
language of Russia.
Russian bath. See under
Bath.<-- Russian roulette -- an act of bravado
played by loading one bullet into one chamber of a revolver in
which the cylinder has five or six positions, spinning the
cylinder (thus moving the bullet randomly to one of the six
positions of the cylinder), pointing the gun to one's head, and
pulling the trigger. If the bullet is in firing position, the
"player" is usually killed. Such a "game" may be played on a
dare, or, in some places, as part of a gamble.
2. (Fig.) Any dangerous act resembling Russian roulette in the
acceptance of a high risk of serious negative consequences,
usually unnecessarily. -->
Rus"sian*ize (?), v. t. To make
Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to
Russianize the Poles.
Rus"si*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Russia + L. -ficare (im comp.) to
make. See -fy.] The act or process of being
Russified.
Rus"si*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
russifier. See -fy.] To
Russianize; as, to Russify conquered
tribes.
<-- Russky Pl. Russkies, a Russian [Colloq.] -->
{ Rus"so*phile (?),
Rus"soph"i*list (?) }, n.
[Russia + Gr. / to love: cf. F.
russophile.] One who, not being a Russian,
favors Russian policy and aggrandizement. --
Rus*soph"ilism (#),
n. [Chiefly newspaper words.]
{ Rus"so*phobe (?),
Rus*soph"o*bist (?) },
[Russia + Gr. / to fear.] One who
dreads Russia or Russian influence. [Words sometimes
found in the newspapers.]
Rus`so*pho"bi*a (?), n. Morbid
dread of Russia or of Russian influence.
Rust (?), n. [AS.
rust; akin to D. roest, G. & Sw.
rost, Icel. ry\'eb; -- named from its
color, and akin to E. red. \'fb113. See
Red.] 1. (Chem.) The
reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air,
consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any
metallic film of corrosion.
2. (Bot.) A minute mold or fungus
forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal
and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo-vera), now
usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew
(Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish
spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.
Rust is also applied to many other minute
fungi which infest vegetation, such as the species of
Ustilago, Uredo, and
Lecythea.
3. That which resembles rust in appearance or
effects. Specifically: (a) A composition used in
making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below.
(b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as,
rust on salted meat. (c)
Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.
Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of
human mixtures.
Eikon Basilike.
Rust is used in the formation of
compounds of obvious meaning; as, rust-colored,
rust-consumed, rust-eaten, and the
like.
Rust joint, a joint made between surfaces of
iron by filling the space between them with a wet mixture of
cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by oxidation
becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water, etc. --
Rust mite (Zo\'94l.), a minute mite
(Phytopius oleivorus) which, by puncturing the rind,
causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.
Rust, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rusted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rusting.] [AS.
rustian.] 1. To contract rust; to
be become oxidized.
If gold ruste, what shall iron do?
Chaucer.
Our armors now may rust.
Dryden.
2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called
rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance. as plants.
3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull
or impaired by inaction.
Must I rust in Egypt? never more
Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?
Dryden.
Rust, v. t. 1. To cause to
contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any
kind.
Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust
them.
Shak.
2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity.
Johmson.
Rust"ful (?), a. Full of rust;
resembling rust; causing rust; rusty.
\'bdRustful sloth.\'b8
Quarles.
Rus"tic (?), a. [L.
rusticus, fr. rus, ruris, the
country: cf. F. rustique. See Rural.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as,
the rustic gods of antiquity.
Milton.
And many a holy text around she strews,
That teach the rustic moralist to die.
Gray.
She had a rustic, woodland air.
Wordsworth.
2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as,
rustic manners. \'bdA rustic
muse.\'b8
Spenser.
3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic
entertainment; rustic dress.
4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected.
Pope.
Rustic moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth
belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. Their larv\'91
are called cutworms. See Cutworm. --
Rustic work. (a) (Arch.) Cut
stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or
channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so
that the joints are very conspicuous. (b)
(Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for
summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees fancifully
arranged.
Syn. -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught;
artless; honest. See Rural.
Rus"tic, n. 1. An inhabitant of
the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a
clown.
Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away.
Pope.
2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of
character or manners; an artless, unaffected person.
[Poetic]
Rus`tic*al (?), a.
Rustic. \'bdRustical society.\'b8
Thackeray.
-- Rus"tic*al*ly, adv. --
Rus"tic*al*ness, n.
Rus"ti*cate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rusticated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rusticating.] [L.
rusticaticus, p. p. of rusticari to
rusticate. See Rustic.] To go into or reside
in the country; to ruralize.
Pope.
Rus"ti*cate, v. t. To require or compel
to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to
impose rustication on.
The town is again beginning to be full, and the
rusticated beauty sees an end of her banishment.
Idler.
Rus"ti*ca`ted (?), a.
(Arch.) resembling rustic work. See Rustic
work (a), under Rustic.
Rus`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
rusticatio.] 1. The act of
rusticating, or the state of being rusticated; specifically, the
punishment of a student for some offence, by compelling him to
leave the institution for a time.
2. (Arch.) Rustic work.
Rus*tic"*ty (?), n. [L.
rusticatus: cf. F. rusticit\'82.]
The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners;
rudeness; simplicity; artlessness.
The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not
be so well expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when
rightly mixed and qualified with the Doric dialect.
Addison.
The Saxons were refined from their rusticity.
Sir W. Scott.
Rus"tic*ly (?), adv. In a
rustic manner; rustically.
Chapman.
Rust"i*ly (?), adv. In a rusty
state.
Rust"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rusty.
Rus"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rustled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rustling
(?).] [AS. hristlan to
rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to stir, make a riot, or E.
rush, v.] 1. To make a quick
succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk
cloth or dry leaves.
He is coming; I hear his straw rustle.
Shak.
Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk.
Shak.
2. To stir about energetically; to strive to
succeed; to bustle about. [Slang, Western
U.S.]
<-- To steal, esp. cattle -->
Rus"tle, v. t. To cause to rustle;
as, the wind rustles the leaves.
Rus"tle, n. A quick succession or
confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or
straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling.
When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood,
the song of birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill the
attention, and suspend all perception of the course of time.
Idler.
Rus"tler (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, rustles.
<-- esp. cattle rustler -->
2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any
circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person.
[Slang, Western U.S.]
Rust"less (?), a. Free from
rust.
Rust"y (?), a. [AS.
rustig.] [Compar.
Rustier (/); superl.
Rustiest.] 1. Covered or affected with
rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty
wheat.
2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect.
<-- less skillful than when in continued practise -->
[Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce,
Is rusty grown.
Shak.
3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as,
rusty bacon.
4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.] \'bdRusty words.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
5. Rust-colored; dark. \'bdRusty
blood.\'b8
Spenser.
6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept;
filthy.
The rustly little schooners that bring fire wood
from the Brititsh provinces.
Hawthorne.
7. (Bot.) Resembling, or covered with a
substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous.
Rut (?), n. [F. rut,
OF. ruit, L. ruditus a roaring, fr.
rugire to roar; -sp called from the noise made by deer
in rutting time.] 1. (Physiol.)
Sexual desire or \'d2strus of deer, cattle, and various
other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the \'d2strus
exists.
2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore;
rote. See Rote.
Rut, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rutted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rutting.] To have a strong sexual
impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle,
etc.
Rut, v. t. To cover in copulation.
Dryden.
Rut, n. [variant of
route.] A track worn by a wheel or by
habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs.
Also used figuratively.
<-- (Fig.) Habitual, unvarying activity -- usually used in the
phrase in a rut. -->
Rut, v. t. To make a rut or ruts in; --
chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj; as, a
rutted road.
Ru`ta-ba"ga (?), n.
(Bot.) A kind of turnip commonly with a large and
long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See
Turnip.
Ru*ta"ceous (?), a. [L.
rutaceous, from ruta rue. See Rue
the plant.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
plants of a natural order (Rutac\'91) of which the rue
is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, dittany,
and buchu.
Ru"tate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of rutic acid.
Ruth (?), n. [From
Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hrygg,
hryg.] 1. Sorrow for the
misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic]
\'bdThey weep for ruth.\'b8 Chaucer.
\'bdHave ruth of the poor.\'b8 Piers Plowman.
To stir up gentle ruth,
Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth.
Spenser.
2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery;
distress; a pitiful. [Obs.]
It had been hard this ruth for to see.
Chaucer.
With wretched miseries and woeful ruth.
Spenser.
Ru*then"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium;
specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a
higher valence as contrasted with ruthenious
compounds.
Ru*the"ni*ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium;
designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as
contrasted with ruthenic compounds.
Ru*the"ni*um (?), n. [NL. So
named from the Ruthenians, a Little Russian people, as
coming from Russia, the metal having been found in the Ural
mountains.] (Chem.) A rare element of the
light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and
isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very
infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity
12.26. See Platinum metals, under
Platinum.
Ruth"ful (?), a. Full of
ruth; as: (a) Pitiful; tender.
(b) Full of sorrow; woeful. (c)
Causing sorrow.
Shak.
-- Ruth"ful*ly, adv.
Ruth"less, a. Having no ruth; cruel;
pitiless.
Their rage the hostile bands restrain,
All but the ruthless monarch of the main.
Pope.
-- Ruth"less*ly, adv. --
Ruth"less*ness, n.
Ru"tic (?), a. [Cf.
Rutaceous.] (Chem.) pertaining to,
or obtained from, rue (Ruta); as, rutic
acid, now commonly called capric
acid.
Ru"ti*lant (/), a. [L.
rutilans, p. pr. of rutilare to have a
reddish glow, fr. rutilus red: cf. F.
rutilant.] Having a reddish glow;
shining.
Parchments . . . colored with this rutilant
mixture.
Evelin.
Ru"ti*late (?), v. i. [L.
rutilare, rutilatum.] To shine;
to emit rays of light. [Obs.]
Ure.
Ru"tile (?), n. [L.
rutilus red, inclining to golden yellow.]
(Min.) A mineral usually of a reddish brown
color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in
tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like
octahedrite and brooklite.
Ru*til"i*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of lamellicorn beetles
belonging to Rurila and allied genera, as the spotted
grapevine beetle (Pelidnota punctata).
Ru"tin (?), n. (Chem.)
A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin
is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens)
and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline
substance which yields quercitin on decomposition.
<-- Rutinose. A disaccharide present in
glycosides. Prepared from rutin by hydrolysis with
rhamnodiastase.
6-O-;
C12H22O10. -->
Rut"ter (?), n. [D.
ruiter a rider. Cf. Ruttier.] A
horseman or trooper. [Obs.]
Such a regiment of rutters
Never defied men braver.
Beau. & Fl.
Rut"ter, n. [From Rut.]
That which ruts.
Rut"ter*kin (?), n. An old
crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt.
[Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Rut"ti*er (?), n. [F.
routier, fr. route a road. See
Route.] A chart of a course, esp. at
sea. [Obs.]
Rut"tish (?), a. Inclined to
rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious.
Shak.
-- Rut"tish*ness, n.
Rut"tle, n. A rattling sound in the
throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle.
[Obs.]
Rut"ty (?), a. Ruttish;
lustful.
Rut"ty, a. Full of ruts; as a
rutty road.
Rut"ty, a. [See Root.]
Rooty. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ru"ty*lene (?), n.
(Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon,
C10H18, of the acetylene series. It is produced
artificially.
Ry"al (? , a.
Royal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ry"al (?), n. See
Rial, and old English coin.
Ry"der (?), n. 1. A
clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider.
[Obs.]
2. [D. rijder, properly, a rider.]
A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins,
about $ 5.60.
Rye (?), n. [OE.
rie, reie, AS. ryge; akin to
Icel. rugr, Sw. r\'86g, Dan.
rug, D. rogge, OHG. rocco,
roggo, G. rocken, roggen, Lith.
rugei, Russ. roje, and perh. To Gr.
'o`ryza rice. Cf. Rice.] 1.
(Bot.) A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass
(Secale cereale), closely allied to wheat; also, the
plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff
used by man.
2. A disease in a hawk.
Ainsworth.
Rye grass, Italian rye
grass, (Bot.) See under
Grass. See also Ray grass, and
Darnel. -- Wild rye (Bot.),
any plant of the genus Elymus, tall grasses with
much the appearance of rye.
Rynd (? , n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A piece of iron crossing the hole in the
upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the
spindle.
Ry"ot (?), n. [Ar. & Hind.
ra'iyat, the same word as ra'iyah, a
subject, tenant, peasant. See Rayah.] A
peasant or cultivator of the soil. [India]
The Indian ryot and the Egyptian fellah work for
less pay than any other laborers in the world.
The Nation.
Ry*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. /
filth + / to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating, or
subsisting on, filth.
Rys (? , n. A
branch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rysh (?), n. Rush, a
plant. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ry*sim"e*ter (?), n. See
Rhysimeter.
Ryth (?), n. [Cf. AS.
ri/ brook.] A ford.
[Obs.]
\'d8Ryt"i*na (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / a wrinkle.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee,
including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called
also Steller's sea cow. [Written
also Rhytina.]
\'b5 It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at
Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet
or more in length, with a thick, blackish, naked skin. The last
were killed in 1768 for their oil and flesh.<-- another
man-made extinction -->
<-- p. 1264 -->